informe n°1 estÁtica de fluidos

8/15/2019 INFORME N°1 ESTÁTICA DE FLUIDOS

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UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA FEDERICO SANTA MARÍADEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA Y AMBIENTALMECÁNICA DE FLUIDOS 2012

1. Resumen

Ejecutivo

La expe!e"#!a aea$!%a &e"'(!"a&a )E*+,+!#a &e -$.!&'*/ +!e"e#'(' -!"a$!&a& e*+.&!a $'*

#'(p'+a(!e"+'*&e $'* &!*+!"+'* -$.!&'*(a"'(+!#'* paa $.e'*!(pa+!%a #'" *. .+!$!%a#!3" e"$a* (e&!#!'"e* &e &!-ee"#!a* &e

pe*!'"e* e*+,+!#a* a",$'a(e"+e ape4e"&e $a* &!*+!"+a* ."!&a&e* &e (e&!#!3" 5 #.a$e**'" $'* -$.!&'* (a"'(+!#'* (,* e-!#!e"+e*6

U"' &e $'* p!(e'* pa*'* paa $'a e*+e -!" e* $a !"*+a$a#!3" &e ." #!#.!+' &e(a"3(e+'* ".(ea&'* #a.+e$'*a(e"+e #'" $a* *!$a* M1 M2 M7 M8M9 M: 5 M; &e$'* #.a$e* M:M9 5 M8 "' *e e"#.e"+a" #'"e#+a&'* a "!"."a +e"e $a &e"*!&a& &e$ a#e!+e

Experiencia N° 1

Estática deFluidos

Primer Semestre 2012

Profesor: Adrián Rojo

Sebastián Amaro

Ay.

Laboratorio:

Dieo !illeas

Bloque: "artes # $%&'

Integrantes: "acarena "enende( S)

*laudia Rojas F)

Felipe Sala(ar +)


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.+!$!%a&' e" M9 5 e$ e" pe*' &e $a *a$(.ea .+!$!%a&a e" M:6

P'*+e!'(e"+e *e +a>aa #'" $'* (a"3(e+'* M1 M2 5 M7 e" &'"&e ".e'.&'" ."a

F!"a$(e"+e $.e' &e +'&' e*+e p'#e&!(!e"+' *e &e>e?a p'&e -,#!$(e"+e #a$#.$a #'"

$a (,x!(a #e+e%a $' e=.e!&' p' $'* '>e+!$e*e'e* #'(e+!&'* &.a"+e $a expe!e"#!a =.e *e e ." e$e(e"+'!"-!"!+e*!(a$ &e


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o Pe*!3" (a"'(+!#a &!-ee"#!a e"+e pe*!3" a>*'$.+a 5 pe*!3"

a+('*-!#aH

P Ma"'(+!#a J P S!*+e(a K P A+('*-!#a

•

A$+.a e*+,+!#a #'e*p'"&e a $a pe*!3" ee#!&a p' ."a #'$.("a &e -$.!&' 5&epe"&e &e $a &e"*!&a& &e$ -$.!&' $a #.a$ e* #'"*+a"+e e" -$.!&'* $?=.!&'* (!e"+a*=.e e" a*e* *+a &epe"&e &e $a pe*!3" 5 $a +e(pea+.a a $a =.e *e e"#.e"+aH $aa$+.a &e $a #'$.("a #'" e*pe#+' a$ p."+' &'"&e *e &e*ea (e&! $a pe*!3" 5 $aa#e$ea#!3" &e a' e" -'(a &e U &e"+' &e$

#.a$ 4a5 &'* $?=.!&'* =.e "' *ea" (!*#!>$e*6 La pe*!3" *e (!&e e" -."#!3"&e $a &!-ee"#!a &e a$+.a =.e *e a$#a"%a #'"*!&ea"&' =.e e" a(>a* a(a*a $a (!*(a a$+.a &e>e 4a>e $a (!*(a pe*!3" *! e* =.e 4a5 #'"+!".!&a& &e$-$.!&'6 Se #'"*!&ea #'(' p."+' &e e-ee"#!a paa 4a#e $a (e&!#!3" &e $a&!-ee"#!a &e a$+.a $a !"+e-a% =.e ex!*+e e"+e $'* -$.!&'*6 E*+e (a"3(e+'

*e .+!$!%3 a$ p!"#!p!' &e $a expe!e"#!a paa M8 M9 5 M:• Ma"3(e+' &e B'.&3" !"*+.(e"+' a"a$3!#' =.e p.e&e (e&! e+!


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4 #( 4 #( 4 #(1767 28 0

PI@1 Le#+.a (a"3(e+'

M@1

Le#+.a (a"3(e+'

M@2

Le#+.a (a"3(e+'

M@7P*! 4 #( 4 #( L #(069 11 1867 19611 8761 9267 96

". #ateria!es y #$todos

La* 4ea(!e"+a* "e#e*a!a* paa ea$!%a e$ $a>'a+'!' *'"

• Se!* (a"3(e+'* 5 ." (a"3(e+' !"#$!"a&' #'" &!


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(a"3(e+' &e B'.&'" a 069 p*! 5 *e a>e" $a* !' e*+,+!#' $a *.(a+'!a &e $a*-.e%a* =.e a#+a" *'>e $ &e>e *e #e'6 La* -.e%a* =.e a#+a" *'>e ." -$.!&'

p.e&e" *e -.e%a* ex+e!'e* #'(' e$ pe*' 5 a=.e$$a* -.e%a* =.e a#+a" *'>e $a*.pe-!#!e &e $ ' !"+e!'e* #'(' e$ pa a##!3" 5 ea##!3" e"+e $a* pa+?#.$a* &e$-$.!&'6

2)

a. Ex!i+ue con sus a!abras !a di*erencia entre resión manom$trica y

resión abso!uta.

La &!-ee"#!a a&!#a e" =.e $a pe*!3" a>*'$.+a e* $a *.(a &e $a pe*!3"(a"'(+!#a #'" $a pe*!3" a+('*-!#a e" #a(>!' $a pe*!3" (a"'(+!#a e* *3$'

a=.e$$a =.e (!&a e$ (a"3(e+'6 La pe*!3" a>*'$.+a *e (!&e #'" e*pe#+' a$ a 5 a+(6 E*+a* ."!&a&e* *'"a&e#.a&a* paa (e&! a$+a* pe*!'"e* e" e$ #a*' &e$ p*! *e .*a $a pe*!3"(a"'(+!#a p'=.e "' !"#$.5e $a pe*!3" &e$ a(>!e"+e 5a =.e e$ e*+a"=.e e*+a?a#ea&'6

Va#?' e" e=.!p'* La pe*!3" &e


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N!e e$ !"+e-a% a$+.a e*+,+!#aH 5 $a pe*!3" a+('*-!#a6

La a$+.a e*+,+!#a &e$ *!*+e(a e*+a, &a&a p' $a &!-ee"#!a &e pe*!3" e"+e $a pa+e *.pe!' e !"-e!' &e $a #'$.("a &e -$.!&'6 Paa e$ #,$#.$' &e *+a *e ea$!%a,$a *.(a+'!a &e -.e%a* =.e pa+!#!pa" e" e$ *!*+e(a *.p'"!e"&' =.e *e e"#.e"+a e"e=.!$!>!' *e" e$ *!.!e"+e &!aa(a

P2: Pe*!3" =.e ee#e $a #'$.("a &e -$.!&'6

P1: Pe*!'" *'>e $a #'$.("a &e -$.!&'6

h : A$+.a &e $a #'$.("a &e -$.!&'6

W : Pe*'

A : Áea &e $a #'$.("a

ρ De"*!&a& &e$ -$.!&'6

S.(a+'!a &e -.e%a* !"&!#a F equilibrio−W =0 P' $' +a"+'

( F 2− F 1 )= P∗ A ( P2− P1 )∗ A= ρ∗g∗h∗ A

( P2− P1 )= ρ∗g∗h

S!e"&' e*+a $+!(a e#.a#!3" $a =.eepe*e"+a a $a a$+.a e*+,+!#a6

4) Ex!i+ue cómo *unciona un

manómetro de ourdon. /djunte una

ima'en mostrando !as artes +ue !o

constituyen.

Experiencia N°1, “Estática de Fluidos” Páina '


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E$ (a"3(e+' &e B'.&'" e* .+!$!%a&' paa (e&! a$+a* pe*!'"e* 4a*+aap'x!(a&a(e"+e 1006000 p*!6 E*+e (a"3(e+' #'"*!*+e e" ." +.>' e"'$$a&' e"e*p!a$ =.e -'(a ." a"!$$' #a*! #'(p$e+' #ea&' p' ." ex+e(' 5 #'"e#+a&' a $a

pe*!3" &e$ -$.!&' e" e$ '+'6 La a.a !"&!#a&'a !"&!#a $'* #a(>!'* &e pe*!3" =.e*e pe#!>e" p' e$ ('' e* p'p'#!'"a$ a

Manómetro de Bourdon

*. ('e *e ." $?=.!&' "' e 4a#e 4a#e #'" e*pe#+' a ." ee &e e-ee"#!a pe' e" e$ #a*' &e$ (a"3(e+' !"#$!"a&' $a

Experiencia N°1, “Estática de Fluidos” Páina -


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(e&!#!3" &e $a a$+.a &e>e !"#$.! ." #,$#.$' +!'"'(+!#'6 E*+' +!e"e $a ' 5 $.e' ea$!%a e$ #,$#.$' *ea$a&'6

) De*ina e! t$rmino cai!aridad y estab!e0ca !as situaciones en +ue este in*!uye

en !os resu!tados.

La #ap!$a!&a& e* $a #apa#!&a& &e $'* $?=.!&'* &e *.>! ' >aa p' $a* pae&e* &e$'* +.>'* ' e#!p!e"+e* =.e $'* #'"+!e"e"6 É*+a p'p!e&a& 4a#e =.e $a *.pe-!#!e &e$$?=.!&' +'(e ."a -'(a #'"!' #.a"&' $a +e"*!3" *.pe-!#!a$ *e e=.!$!>a #'" e$ pe*' &e$ $?=.!&' =.e$$e"a e$ e#!p!e"+e6 É*+a p'p!e&a& p.e&e 4a#e =.e $a (e&!#!3" &e $'* (a"3(e+'**ea (e"'* exa#+a p'=.e "' *e +!e"e $a #$a!&a& *.-!#!e"+e &e &'"&e +e(!"a e$-$.!&'6 La (e&!#!3" #'e#+a *e 4a#e e" $a pa+e (,* >aa &e $a #'"#a

) 56u$ es !a 'ravedad esecí*ica7 56u$ re!ación tiene con !os 'rados /&I7

Experiencia N°1, “Estática de Fluidos” Páina .


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La a!" *e #'"'#e #'(' &e"*!&a&e$a+!


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Da+'* h1=22 [c"] h2=24 [ c" ] ρh2 #=1000 [

$g

"3]

P

1

= P2

ρh2#∗g∗h1= ρfluido∗g∗h2

1000[$g

"3]∗9,8[

"

s2]∗0,22["]= ρfluido∗9,8[

"

s2]∗0,24 [" ]

ρfluido=916,667[$g

"3]

P' $' +a"+' e$ -$.!&' #'e*p'"&e a a#e!+e6

Paa e$ (a"3(e+' M8

Da+'* h %=18,5[c"] h &=13,3[c"]

P1= P

2

ρaceite∗g∗h %= ρfluido' & ' ∗g∗h &

916,667[$g

"3]∗9,8[

"

s2]∗0,185[" ]= ρ fluido∗9,8[

"

s2]∗0,133["]

ρfluido' & ' =1275,063 [$g

"3]

P' $' +a"+' *e #'(p.e>a =.e e$ -$.!&' e* *a$(.ea6

E$ &e *a$(.ea *e e"#.e"+a a +a


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2) Exrese !as !ecturas de &I:1 en !as si'uientes unidades H hagua=43.1 [ c" ]=1,41[ ft ] p1=1,0[ psig]

Experiencia N°1, “Estática de Fluidos” Páina 10


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p2=62

[ l b"f t 3 ]∗32.2 [ ft s2 ]32.3 [ l b"l bf ][

ft

s2 ] ∗1,41 [ ft ]

144 [ i n2 ]

∴ p2=0,611[ psig ]

P'#e"+ae &e e'

error=( 1,0−0,6111,0 )∗100=38,9

4) (a!cu!ar !a densidad de! *!uido manom$trico #:2

Da+'* P

1=0,152 [ psig ] ρh2 #=62,4 [

lb"

ft 3 ]

) h=14,3 [ c" ]=5,6299[¿ ]

P

1= P

2

ρfludoen * 2∗g

gc∗h+ Pat"= P2+ Pat"

ρfludo en * 2∗1[ lbf lb" ]∗

5,6299 [¿ ]=0,152[ lbf ¿2 ]

ρfludoen * 2=46,695 [ lb"ft 3 ]

P' $' +a"+' e$ -$.!&' (a"'(+!#' #'e*p'"&e a a*'$!"a6



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") &ara !a rimera medición? suoniendo +ue en e! manómetro #:3 e! *!uido

manom$trico corresonde a a'ua e a =.e &a&' =.e e$ (a"3(e+' e*+,!"#$!"a&' $a &!-ee"#!a &e a$+.a =.e *e e"ea e* (a5' p' $' +a"+' $a (e&!#!3" &e *+a e*

(,* pe#!*a6

%) Asando !os va!ores obtenidos en e! unto 3? y suoniendo +ue só!o ubiera

rea!i0ado !as mediciones de a!turas ara !a menor resión. &redi'a !as a!turas teóricas

en !os manómetros #1? #2 y #3 ara !a se'unda medición. (omare !ue'o con e!

va!or rea! 5/ +u$ se debe !a di*erencia7

Da+'* Paa e$ (a"3(e+' M@1

pteorica=1,0[ psig] ρagua=62,4 [l b"

f t 3 ]

pteorica=62.4

[ l b"f t 3 ]∗32.2[ ft s2 ]32.3 [ l b"l bf ][

ft

s2 ] ∗h [ ft ]

144 [ i n2 ]



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U"!'a+'!' &e Me#,"!#a &e F$.!&'* 1S@2012¿

l bf

i n2

¿¿¿

ft s2

¿¿

32.3¿1,0¿∴h * 1=¿

h * 1=2,31 [ ft ]=70,41[c"]

Paa e$ (a"3(e+' M@2

pteorica=1,0[ psig] ρfludo en * 2=46,695[ lb"ft 3 ]

pteorica=46,695

[ l b"f t 3 ]∗32.2[ ft s2 ]32.3 [ l b"l bf ] [

ft

s2 ] ∗h [ ft ]

144 [ i n2 ]

¿l bf

i n2

¿¿¿ft

s2

¿¿

32.3 ¿

1,0¿∴h * 2=¿

h * 1=3,084 [ ft ]=94[c"]

Paa e$ (a"3(e+' M@7

Experiencia N°1, “Estática de Fluidos” Páina 1,


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pteorica=1,0[ psig] ρagua=62,4 [l b"

f t 3 ]

¿

l bf i n2

¿¿¿ft

s2

¿¿

32.3¿1,0¿∴h * 3=¿

h * 3=3,084 [ ft ]=94 [c"]

Pe' e" e*+e #a*' h=sen(45°!" e" &'"&e L e* e$ e $a e*+,+!#a &e -$.!&'* e* #'e#+a !"&epe"&!e"+e &e $'* &e e'e*=.e exp.*!e'" $'* &a+'* 5a =.e e*+'* p.e&e" *e '#a*!'"a&'* p' &!


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La #a$!>a#!3" &e $'* !"*+.(e"+'*6

E' 4.(a"' e" $a (e&!#!3" &e $a* a$+.a* #'" $a 4.!"#4a &e (e&! &e>!&'a =.e $a p'*!#!3" &e $'* (a"3(e+'* *'" !"#3('&'* 5 $a* $?"ea* &e #'+e*'" (.5 pe=.ea*6

Va$'e* "' exa#+'* +a"+' &e $a pe*!3" a+('*-!#a #'(' &e $'* &a+'*

#a$#.$a&'* &e"*!&a& e"+e '+'*H6

U" (a$ a.*+e e" $a* Paa -!"a$!%a e#'(e"&a('* a$."a* pe#a.#!'"e* paa a*? ea $a &!a *e exa#+' e$ p."+'6

8. Re*erencias

Ap."+e* '+'a&'* e" #$a*e*

F?*!#a U"!a'*8$a&e"*!&a&$a&e"*!&a&6*4+($ paa >.*#a e$a#e!+e =.e ea *e" *. &e"*!&a&H

• 4++p6*ap!e"*(a"6#'("e.(a+!#a"e.(a+!#a7864+( -'+' (a"'(e+' &e >'.&'"H

• 4++p6.a"+'-6#$&2pP4620D620L.!*20C!*+e"a*S.>e#+*Te#4"'$'!e*CAPITULO206PDF &e"*!&a& &e $a*a$(.eaH

Experiencia N°1, “Estática de Fluidos” Páina 1'

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Experiencia N°1, “Estática de Fluidos” Páina 1-


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Experiencia N°1, “Estática de Fluidos” Páina 1.

informe n°1 estÁtica de fluidos

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