vias venosas centrales prof. dr. luis del rio diez

5/14/2018 Vias Venosas Centrales Prof. Dr. Luis Del Rio Diez - slidepdf.com

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CLWHWHU GH YVC N 39CLWHWHU GH YVC N 39BDWU@GXCW@U XSCB GH : Fu BDWU@GXCW@U XSCB GH : Fu

LDMB@CLWJ <7 Ml . N 38LDMB@CLWJ <7 Ml . N 38

GBSY@SBWBV@ YBCC XSLG@GBSY@SBWBV@ YBCC XSLG@YLUL VHD@YXDCB@DHSYLUL VHD@YXDCB@DHSCHDWULOHSCHDWULOHS

CLWHWHU GH Y@OBXUHWLD@CLWHWHU GH Y@OBXUHWLD@

GUXA CLUWGUBGMH LEE@WWGUXA CLUWGUBGMH LEE@WW

C@DHCW@UHSC@DHCW@UHSOXHUOXHU




VBLS VHD@SLS GH WBHAY@ YU@O@DMLG@VBLS VHD@SLS GH WBHAY@ YU@O@DMLG@XWBOB[LG@S YLUL DYWDYCDYYDYYGBDFXSB@D GH GU@MLSXWBOB[LG@S YLUL DYWDYCDYYDYYGBDFXSB@D GH GU@MLS

+ CLWHWHUHS SHABBAYOLDWLEOHS+ CLWHWHUHS SHABBAYOLDWLEOHS

WXDHOB[LG@SWXDHOB[LG@SVBGL AHGBL HDWUH 79 L <<9 GBLS

CLWHWHUHS WBY@ EU@VBLCCLWHWHUHS WBY@ EU@VBLC

CLWHWHUHS WBY@ JBCNALDCLWHWHUHS WBY@ JBCNALD

+ CLWHWHUHS W@WLOAHDWH BAYOLDWLEOHS+ CLWHWHUHS W@WLOAHDWH BAYOLDWLEOHSVBGL AHGBL OLUML – 3999 YXDCB@DHS LGHCXLGLAHDWH UHLOB[LGLS

Y@UWLOHSY@UWLOHS

SBVLAsSBVLAs





Y@UWSY@UWSSBVLASSBVLAS

CLWHWHUHS W@WLOAHDWHCLWHWHUHS W@WLOAHDWHBAYOLDWLEOHSBAYOLDWLEOHS

CLWHWHUHS SHABBAYOLDWLEOHSCLWHWHUHS SHABBAYOLDWLEOHS




CLWHWHU SHABBAYOLDWLEOHCLWHWHU SHABBAYOLDWLEOH !! WBY@ EU@VBLCWBY@ EU@VBLCCLWHWHU GH EU@VBLC CLWHWHU GH EU@VBLC !! LÜ@ <2=3 LÜ@ <2=3 !! CLWHWHU GH CLXCJ@ SBOBC@DLG@CLWHWHU GH CLXCJ@ SBOBC@DLG@

CLWHWHU GH SBAYOH VBL YLUL HSWLDCBLS YU@O@DMLGLSCLWHWHU GH SBAYOH VBL YLUL HSWLDCBLS YU@O@DMLGLSC@@NC@@N BDC $BDC $


CLWHWHU SHABBAYOLDWLEOH WBY@ JBCNALDCLWHWHU SHABBAYOLDWLEOH WBY@ JBCNALD



CLWHWHU SHABBAYOLDWLEOH WBY@ JBCNALDCLWHWHU SHABBAYOLDWLEOH WBY@ JBCNALDCLWHWHU GH JBCNALD *AXOWBOXAHD"CLWHWHU GH JBCNALD *AXOWBOXAHD" !! LÜ@ <2=2 LÜ@ <2=2

CLWHWHU GH G@EOH VBL YLUL HSWLDCBLS YU@O@DMLGLSCLWHWHU GH G@EOH VBL YLUL HSWLDCBLS YU@O@DMLGLSC@@NC@@N BDC$BDC$


CLWHWHUHS SHABBAYOLDWLEOHSCLWHWHUHS SHABBAYOLDWLEOHSY YH Y MY YH Y M



YLUL YHUB@G@S YU@O@DMLG@SYLUL YHUB@G@S YU@O@DMLG@S

CLWHWHUHSCLWHWHUHS WXDHOB[LG@SWXDHOB[LG@S


O@S CLWHWHUHS SHABBAYOLDWLEOHSO@S CLWHWHUHS SHABBAYOLDWLEOHS



CLWHWHUHS WXDHOB[LG@SCLWHWHUHS WXDHOB[LG@S

CXFF GH GLCU@DCXFF GH GLCU@DVBGL XWBO; 79 L <<9 GBLS


WHCDBCL GH C@O@CLCB@D GH XD CLWHWHU SHABBAYOLWLEOHWHCDBCL GH C@O@CLCB@D GH XD CLWHWHU SHABBAYOLWLEOHYLS@ <YLS@ <



YLS@ <YLS@ <


CLWHWHU SHABAYOLDWLEOH + C@O@CLCB@D YLS@ 5CLWHWHU SHABAYOLDWLEOH + C@O@CLCB@D YLS@ 5




CLWHWHU SHABBAYOLWLEOH + C@O@CLCB@D YLS@ 3CLWHWHU SHABBAYOLWLEOH + C@O@CLCB@D YLS@ 3




CLWHWHU SHABAYOLWLEOHCLWHWHU SHABAYOLWLEOH !! SX C@O@CLCB@D YLS@ 7SX C@O@CLCB@D YLS@ 7




CLWHWHU SHABAYOLWLEOHCLWHWHU SHABAYOLWLEOH !! C@O@CLG@ FBDLOAHDWHC@O@CLG@ FBDLOAHDWH




CLWHWHUHS W@WLOAHDWH BAYOLWLEOHSCLWHWHUHS W@WLOAHDWH BAYOLWLEOHS



Y@UWLOHS @ Y@UWSY@UWLOHS @ Y@UWS LÜ@ <2:5 LÜ@ <2:5

SBVLASSBVLAS


CLWHWHUHS C@D UHSHUV@UB@CLWHWHUHS C@D UHSHUV@UB@Y@UWLO Y@UW SBVLAY@UWLO Y@UW SBVLA



Y@UWLO Y@UW SBVLAY@UWLO Y@UW SBVLA*SBSWHAL BDWULVHD@ YLUL*SBSWHAL BDWULVHD@ YLUL

LGABDBSWULCB@D GH AHGBCLAHDW@S"LGABDBSWULCB@D GH AHGBCLAHDW@S"VBGL XWBO GH 399 L 799 GBLS VBGL XWBO GH 399 L 799 GBLS

YHUABWH ALS GH 3999 YXDCB@DHS YHUABWH ALS GH 3999 YXDCB@DHS VBGL AHGBL AXR OLUMLVBGL AHGBL AXR OLUML

D@ UH\XBHUH CXULCB@D D@ UH\XBHUH CXULCB@D

HSWHWBCLAHDWH LCHYWLEOHS/YHUABWH XDLHSWHWBCLAHDWH LCHYWLEOHS/YHUABWH XDLVBGL S@CBLO HZCHOHDWH *S/W O@] YU@FBOH"VBGL S@CBLO HZCHOHDWH *S/W O@] YU@FBOH"GBSABDXRH OLS B$U$C$GBSABDXRH OLS B$U$C$

DHCHSBWL XDL CBUXMBLDHCHSBWL XDL CBUXMBL

SHU UHA@VBG@S SHU UHA@VBG@S

LMXKLS JXEHULMXKLS JXEHU


COLSBFBCLCB@D GH OLS VBLS VHD@SLSCOLSBFBCLCB@D GH OLS VBLS VHD@SLSSHMÛD HO WBHAY@ GH HSWLDCBLSHMÛD HO WBHAY@ GH HSWLDCBL



SHMÛD HO WBHAY@ GH HSWLDCBLSHMÛD HO WBHAY@ GH HSWLDCBL

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5$ CLWHWHUHS GH WBHAY@ BDWHUAHGB@5$ CLWHWHUHS GH WBHAY@ BDWHUAHGB@ABGOBDH CLWHWHUHS @ CLWHWHUHS YHUBFHUBC@S BDWHUAHGB@SABGOBDH CLWHWHUHS @ CLWHWHUHS YHUBFHUBC@S BDWHUAHGB@SCLWHWHUHS CHDWULOHS GH BDSHUCB@D YHUCXWLDHL CLWHWHUHS CHDWULOHS GH BDSHUCB@D YHUCXWLDHL @ Y@U GBSHCCB@D@ Y@U GBSHCCB@D


GH C@UWL HSWLDCBLGH C@UWL HSWLDCBL

!! $ $ $ s$$ $ $ s$ !!

UHS D@ WXDHOB[LG@S$UHS D@ WXDHOB[LG@S$

3$CLWHWHUHS GH WBHAY@ YU@O@DMLG@3$CLWHWHUHS GH WBHAY@ YU@O@DMLG@CLWHWHUHS SHABBAYOLDWLEOHS @ CLWHWHUHS WXDHOB[LG@SCLWHWHUHS SHABBAYOLDWLEOHS @ CLWHWHUHS WXDHOB[LG@SCLWHWHUHS W@WLOAHDWH BAYOLDWLEOHSCLWHWHUHS W@WLOAHDWH BAYOLDWLEOHS !! Y@UWLOHSY@UWLOHSY@UWSY@UWS !! CLWHWHUHS C@D UHSHUV@UB@ @ S$B$V$L$As$CLWHWHUHS C@D UHSHUV@UB@ @ S$B$V$L$As$




G@EOHOXAHDG@EOHOXAHDCLWHWHUGHCLWHWHUGH

XDL OX[XDL OX[




Y@UWSY@UWS

SBVLASSBVLAS







C@D \XH CXHDW@0C@D \XH CXHDW@0

S@O@ C@D GBSY@SBWBV@S YHUBFHUBC@SS@O@ C@D GBSY@SBWBV@S YHUBFHUBC@SLDMB@CLWJS / ALUBY@SLSLDMB@CLWJS / ALUBY@SLS

C@D GBSY@SBWBV@S Y$B$C$Cs$/ ABGOBDH CLWs$C@D GBSY@SBWBV@S Y$B$C$Cs$/ ABGOBDH CLWs$

C@D CLWHWHUHS GH YVC R CLKL GH GBSHCCB@D$C@D CLWHWHUHS GH YVC R CLKL GH GBSHCCB@D$C@D H\XBY@S GH BDSHUCB@DC@D H\XBY@S GH BDSHUCB@DC@D W@G@C@D W@G@C@D DLGLC@D DLGL





G@EOH OXAHDG@EOH OXAHDCLWHWHU GHCLWHWHU GH

XDL OX[XDL OX[G@EOH OXAHD VHDL R$B$G@EOH OXAHD VHDL R$B$





CLWHWHUHS CHDWULOHS R SHWS BDWU@GXCW@UB@SCLWHWHUHS CHDWULOHS R SHWS BDWU@GXCW@UB@S



CLWHWHU C@UW@ YLUL WHCDBCL GH OBWWOHF@UGCLWHWHU C@UW@ YLUL WHCDBCL GH OBWWOHF@UG

KHUBDML GH UXOHUS@DKHUBDML GH UXOHUS@D

GBOLWLG@UHSGBOLWLG@UHSSBSWHAL LVLD[LG@USBSWHAL LVLD[LG@U

BDWU@GXCW@UHSBDWU@GXCW@UHSYHHO L]LRYHHO L]LR

BDWU@GXCW@U XSCB¤C@UGBS¤ BDWU@GXCW@U XSCB¤C@UGBS¤

GBOLWLG@UHSGBOLWLG@UHS





GH G HDG@ XD V VHD@SGH G HDG@ XD V VHD@S

C@D \XBHD HSW@R0C@D \XBHD HSW@R0

HSW@R S@O@HSW@R S@O@HSW@R HD XD CHDWU@ GH C@AYOHKBGLGHSW@R HD XD CHDWU@ GH C@AYOHKBGLG

WHDM@ HSYHCBLOBSWLS \XH SHYLD UHS@OVHUWHDM@ HSYHCBLOBSWLS \XH SHYLD UHS@OVHUY@SBEOHS R/@ YU@ELEOHS C@AYOBCLCB@DHSY@SBEOHS R/@ YU@ELEOHS C@AYOBCLCB@DHS

WHDM@ F@UAL GH GBLMD@SWBCLU C@AYOBCLCB@DHSWHDM@ F@UAL GH GBLMD@SWBCLU C@AYOBCLCB@DHS

WHDM@ BDFULHSWUXCWXUL YLUL WULWLUOLSWHDM@ BDFULHSWUXCWXUL YLUL WULWLUOLS


YXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSYXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS




\XH WHCDBCL XSLUH0\XH WHCDBCL XSLUH0

VHD@YXDCB@D GBUHCWLVHD@YXDCB@D GBUHCWL

YXDCB@D C@D WHCDBCL GH SHOGBDMHUYXDCB@D C@D WHCDBCL GH SHOGBDMHU

A@GBFBCLGLA@GBFBCLGL+ WHCDBCL GH OBWWOHF@UG+ WHCDBCL GH OBWWOHF@UG *XS@ GH CLWHWHU C@UW@"*XS@ GH CLWHWHU C@UW@"

+ C@D KHUBDML GH ULXOHUS@D+ C@D KHUBDML GH ULXOHUS@D

//LUU@]LUU@]YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

WHCDBCL GH SHOGBDMHUWHCDBCL GH SHOGBDMHUÜÜ



LCWL ULGB@O@MBCL LÜ@ <283LCWL ULGB@O@MBCL LÜ@ <283

<$ YXDCB@D YHUCXWLDHL GHO VLS@<$ YXDCB@D YHUCXWLDHL GHO VLS@

5$ BDWU@GXCCB@D GH MXBL AHWLOBCL5$ BDWU@GXCCB@D GH MXBL AHWLOBCL*‟YHO@‑" Y@U OL LMXKL*‟YHO@‑" Y@U OL LMXKL

$$

7$ MXBL C@O@CLGL HD OL VHDL7$ MXBL C@O@CLGL HD OL VHDLLYHUWXUL GH YBHO C@D EBSWXUBLYHUWXUL GH YBHO C@D EBSWXUB

8$ BDWU@GXCCB@D GHO CLWHWHU8$ BDWU@GXCCB@D GHO CLWHWHUS@EUH OL MXBL AHWLOBCLS@EUH OL MXBL AHWLOBCL

6$ UHWBU@ GH OL MXBL6$ UHWBU@ GH OL MXBL





WHCDBCL GH SHOGBDMHU A@GBFBCLGLWHCDBCL GH SHOGBDMHU A@GBFBCLGLYUBAHUL A@GBFBCLCB@DYUBAHUL A@GBFBCLCB@D



YUBAHUL A@GBFBCLCB@D;YUBAHUL A@GBFBCLCB@D;

KHUBDML GH ULXOHUS@D¤ LUU@]¤KHUBDML GH ULXOHUS@D¤ LUU@]¤YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

MXBL AHWLOBCLMXBL AHWLOBCLYXDWL HD ‟K‑YXDWL HD ‟K‑

HAE@O@ YHUF@ULG@HAE@O@ YHUF@ULG@

SBSWHAL GHSBSWHAL GH



KHUBDML GH ULXOHUS@DKHUBDML GH ULXOHUS@D YLUL UHLOB[LUYLUL UHLOB[LU

SBSWHAL GHSBSWHAL GH

LVLDCH GHLVLDCH GHLUU@]¤ LUU@]¤

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KHUBDML/ SBSWHAL GH LVLDCH R LMXKL F@UALD XD S@O@ CXHUY@ Y@UKHUBDML/ SBSWHAL GH LVLDCH R LMXKL F@UALD XD S@O@ CXHUY@ Y@UHO \XH LCCHGH OL MXBL AHWLOBCL C@D YXDWL HD ‟K‑HO \XH LCCHGH OL MXBL AHWLOBCL C@D YXDWL HD ‟K‑


WHCDBCL GH SHOGBDMHU A@GBFBCLGLWHCDBCL GH SHOGBDMHU A@GBFBCLGLSHMXDGL A@GBFBCLCB@DSHMXDGL A@GBFBCLCB@D



SHMXDGL A@GBFBCLCB@DSHMXDGL A@GBFBCLCB@D

CLWHWHU <: Ml GH 6$38 ca S@EUH LMXKL 59 Ml

XS@ GH CLWHWHU C@UW@ WHCDBCL GH OBWWOHF@UGXS@ GH CLWHWHU C@UW@ WHCDBCL GH OBWWOHF@UG

SBSWHAL LVLD[LG@U GH MXBL AHWLOBCLLUU@]¤ LGVLDCHU ! MXBL C@D YXDWL

HD ‟K‑ R YXDWL SXLVH HD CLGL HZWUHA@





\XH WBY@ GH CLWHWHU V@R L C@O@CLU0\XH WBY@ GH CLWHWHU V@R L C@O@CLU0

+ \XH ALWHUBLO HOBMBUH0+ \XH ALWHUBLO HOBMBUH0

+ GH CXLDWLS OXCHS0+ GH CXLDWLS OXCHS0+ GH \XH CLOBEUH0+ GH \XH CLOBEUH0





ALWHUBLO GH O@S CLWHWHUHSALWHUBLO GH O@S CLWHWHUHS♨♨Y$V$C$Y$V$C$

♨♨SBOBC@DLSBOBC@DL

♨♨

Y@OBXUHWLD@Y@OBXUHWLD@♨♨WHFO@DWHFO@D

♨♨C@D LDWBSHYWBC@SC@D LDWBSHYWBC@S♨♨UHCXEBHUW@S C@D LWEUHCXEBHUW@S C@D LWE

♨♨C@D JHYLUBDLC@D JHYLUBDL YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

YXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSYXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSYU@YBHGLGHS GH XD EXHD ALWHUBLOYU@YBHGLGHS GH XD EXHD ALWHUBLO



EB@C@AYLWBEBOBGLGEB@C@AYLWBEBOBGLG// JHA@C@AYLWBEBOBGLGJHA@C@AYLWBEBOBGLGWU@AE@MHDBCBGLGWU@AE@MHDBCBGLG

WU@AE@UHSBSWHDCBLWU@AE@UHSBSWHDCBL

HOLSWBCBGLGHOLSWBCBGLGSXLVBGLGSXLVBGLGFOHZBEBOBGLGFOHZBEBOBGLG

!!

CLYLCBGLG YLULCLYLCBGLG YLUL WHCDBCLSWHCDBCLS YHUCXWLDHLSYHUCXWLDHLS$$AHA@UBL LO LC@GLABHDW@AHA@UBL LO LC@GLABHDW@UHSBSWHDCBLUHSBSWHDCBL \XBABCL\XBABCL L O@S FOXBG@SL O@S FOXBG@S

W@OHULDCBL L OLS YUHSB@DHS DHMLWBVLSW@OHULDCBL L OLS YUHSB@DHS DHMLWBVLSCBW@W@ZBCBGLGCBW@W@ZBCBGLG

Y@OBXUHWLD@ VS$ SBOBC@DLY@OBXUHWLD@ VS$ SBOBC@DLYU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

Y@OBXUHWLD@/Y@OBXUHWLD@ BB VS$ SBOBC@DLY@OBXUHWLD@;



LOW@ MULG@ GH EB@C@AYLWBEBOBGLGEXHDL FXHU[L GH WHDSB@D UHSBSWHDCBL LO XS@WU@AE@UUHSBSWHDCBLUHSBSWHDCBL L O@S \XBABC@S ALS C@AXDHS UHSBSWHDCBL LO LC@GLABHDW@SH LEOLDGL GHDWU@ GHO CXHUY@YHUABWH SX XS@ C@D WHCDBCLS YHUCXWLDHLS

C@DSWUXCCB@D GH CLWHWHUHS C@D YLUHGHS ALS GHOMLGLS

SBOBC@DL; SXLVH R FOHZBEOH UHSBSWHDWH L O@S \XBABC@S WU@AE@UUHSBSWHDWH

EB@C@AYLWBEOH SH LC@GL FLCBOAHDWH D@ YHUABWH LOMXDLS WHCDBCLS YHUCXWLDHLS D@ S@Y@UWL YUHSB@DHS DHMLWBVLS AXR LOWLS GHEHD XWBOB[LUSH GBSY@SBWBV@S YHHO L]LR





HOBMBHDG@ XD CLWHWHUHOBMBHDG@ XD CLWHWHUCXLDWLS OXCHS0CXLDWLS OXCHS0

CLWHWHUHSCLWHWHUHS GH XDL OX[GH XDL OX[

CLWHWHUHSCLWHWHUHS GH G@EOH OXAHD *Jha`gbìobsbs"GH G@EOH OXAHD *Jha`gbìobsbs"

CLWHWHUHSCLWHWHUHS AXOWBOXAHDAXOWBOXAHD

CLWHWHUHSCLWHWHUHS GHGH WHUA@GBOXCB@DWHUA@GBOXCB@D


CLWHWHUHS GH XDL OX[CLWHWHUHS GH XDL OX[ !! SBAYOH OXAHDSBAYOH OXAHD




CLWHWHUCLWHWHUG@EOH OXAHDG@EOH OXAHD



YLUL JHA@GBLOBSBSYLUL JHA@GBLOBSBS

V@OXAHD GH CHELG@ YLULV@OXAHD GH CHELG@ YLULOLVLG@ GHO CLWHWHU @OLVLG@ GHO CLWHWHU @

CBHUUH JHYLUBDBC@CBHUUH JHYLUBDBC@

OBEUH FOXK@OBEUH FOXK@G@S VBLS YUB@ZBALOGBSWLOG@S VBLS YUB@ZBALOGBSWLO

FBKLCB@DFBKLCB@DCLYSCLYSYU@WHCW@UHSYU@WHCW@UHS

MXBL AHWLOBCL YLUL SHOGBDMHUMXBL AHWLOBCL YLUL SHOGBDMHU

COLAYSCOLAYS

CLYSCLYS

YU@WHCW@UHSYU@WHCW@UHS

COLAYSCOLAYS

CLWHWHU GH RXMXOLU BDWHUDLCLWHWHU GH RXMXOLU BDWHUDLG@EOH OXAHD YLUL LCCHS@G@EOH OXAHD YLUL LCCHS@

FHA@ULO @ L VHDL SXECOLVBLFHA@ULO @ L VHDL SXECOLVBL

CLYS C@D SBSWHAL OXHU O@CNCLYS C@D SBSWHAL OXHU O@CNYU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

CLWHWHUHS AXOWBOXAHD ! GBLAHWU@S ! SHCCB@D



G@EOH OXAHD YLUL SXECOLVBLG@EOH OXAHD YLUL SXECOLVBLFHA@ULO GH LUU@]FHA@ULO GH LUU@] <5 Fuhdcj<5 Fuhdcj

G@EOH VBL LGXOW@S GH = Fu C@@NG@EOH VBL LGXOW@S GH = Fu C@@N

CLWHWHUHS AXOWBOXAHDCLWHWHUHS AXOWBOXAHD

CLWHWHU R@X EHDGCLWHWHU R@X EHDG

LUU@]LUU@]

CLWHWHU G@EOH VBL YHGBLWUBC@CLWHWHU G@EOH VBL YHGBLWUBC@GH 7 Fuhdcj LUU@]GH 7 Fuhdcj LUU@]YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

G@EOH VBL LUU@]G@EOH VBL LUU@]

CLWHWHU GH WUHS VBLSCLWHWHU GH WUHS VBLS



CLWHWHUHS AXOWBOXAHDCLWHWHUHS AXOWBOXAHD

GH 2 Fu$ GH C@@NGH 2 Fu$ GH C@@N

CLWHWHU GH CXLWU@ VBLS GH LUU@]CLWHWHU GH CXLWU@ VBLS GH LUU@]

NBW YLUL C@O@CLCB@D CLWHWHU GH WUBYOHNBW YLUL C@O@CLCB@D CLWHWHU GH WUBYOHVBL = Fuhdcj GH LUU@]VBL = Fuhdcj GH LUU@]

LUU@] mlugEoxh¤ CLWJHWHU * C`ehuwxul Ldwbsâywbcl"LUU@] mlugEoxh¤ CLWJHWHU * C`ehuwxul Ldwbsâywbcl"


CLWHWHU GH G@EOH VBLCLWHWHU GH G@EOH VBL



CLWHWHU GH WUHS VBLSCLWHWHU GH WUHS VBLS

CLWHWHU C@D ELO@DCLWHWHU C@D ELO@D

CLWHWHUHSCLWHWHUHS

CLWHWHU GH WHUA@GBOXCB@DCLWHWHU GH WHUA@GBOXCB@D

CLWHWHU C@@NCLWHWHU C@@N SYHCWUXASYHCWUXA UHCXEBHUW@ C@D LWEUHCXEBHUW@ C@D LWEYU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

YXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSYXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSCXLDW@ OB\XBG@ YXHG@ YLSLUCXLDW@ OB\XBG@ YXHG@ YLSLU00

FLCW@UHS \XH BDFOXRHDFLCW@UHS \XH BDFOXRHD



\\

GBLAHWU@GBLAHWU@ BDWHUD@ GHOBDWHUD@ GHO CLWHWHUCLWHWHU

VBSC@SBGLG GHO OB\XBG@ BDFXDGBGVBSC@SBGLG GHO OB\XBG@ BDFXDGBG

LOWXUL GHO OB\XBG@ BDFXDGBG@LOWXUL GHO OB\XBG@ BDFXDGBG@ *MULVHGLG"*MULVHGLG"

YUHSB@DYUHSB@D GHO SBSWHALGHO SBSWHAL BDFXS@UBDFXS@UYU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[




HOBMBHDG@ XD CLWHWHUHOBMBHDG@ XD CLWHWHU\XH CLOBEUH SHOHCCB@D@0\XH CLOBEUH SHOHCCB@D@0

HD \XH HSCLOL O@ ABG@0HD \XH HSCLOL O@ ABG@0

HSCLOL MLXCJH Ml ó M$HSCLOL MLXCJH Ml ó M$

HSCLOL FULDCHSLHSCLOL FULDCHSL FUHDCJFUHDCJ ó F$ó F$

YXOMLGLSYXOMLGLS BDCJBDCJ Bd ó ‟ Bd ó ‟::SHUBH N *SHUBH N *NlswdhuNlswdhu""

::SHUBHSHUBH HDHOSHDHDHOSHD *D"*D" !!WBY@ DWBY@ D YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[



SBSWHALS GH AHGBGLSSBSWHALS GH AHGBGLSYLUL CLWHWHUHSYLUL CLWHWHUHS

HSCLOLS GH AHGBGLSHSCLOLS GH AHGBGLSFUHDCJFUHDCJ

YXOMLGLSYXOMLGLSCHDWBAHWU@SCHDWBAHWU@S


YXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSYXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSGBSWBDWLS SHUBHSGBSWBDWLS SHUBHS !! AHGBGLS XWBOHSAHGBGLS XWBOHS



XDL YXOMLGL ;XDL YXOMLGL ; 58aa58aa / 5$8 ca/ 5$8 caXDXD FUHDCJFUHDCJ; 9$33 aa *Lyu`z$"; 9$33 aa *Lyu`z$"

<7 Ml 1 5$< aa G$B$+<7 Ml 1 5$< aa G$B$+<6 Ml 1 <$= aa G$B$+<6 Ml 1 <$= aa G$B$+++$ $ $$ $ $

+ YLUL+ YLUL LDMB@CLWJLDMB@CLWJ ALUCLALUCL LEE@WWLEE@WW

LMXKL D *LMXKL D *HDHOSHDHDHOSHD" <9 1 5$3 L 5$6 aa *S/Alucl" G$B$" <9 1 5$3 L 5$6 aa *S/Alucl" G$B$

MXBLSMXBLS AHWLOBCLSAHWLOBCLS;;9$935/9$938/9$93:‑; 9$:</9$:2/9$2= aa9$935/9$938/9$93:‑; 9$:</9$:2/9$2= aa

CLWHWHUCLWHWHU N 3<; 5$5/5$3 aa G$B$N 3<; 5$5/5$3 aa G$B$CLWHWHUCLWHWHU N 38; <$7/<$6 aa G$B$N 38; <$7/<$6 aa G$B$+ YLUL HO+ YLUL HO YVCYVC HO G$H$ VLUBL SHMÛD HO FLEUBCLDWH Y@U HO MU@S@U GH OL YLUHG$HO G$H$ VLUBL SHMÛD HO FLEUBCLDWH Y@U HO MU@S@U GH OL YLUHG$


V@OXAHDHS GH BDFXSB@DV@OXAHDHS GH BDFXSB@DSHMÛD HO G$B$ GHO CLWHWHUSHMÛD HO G$B$ GHO CLWHWHU



LDMB@CLWJLDMB@CLWJ <7 Ml / 5‑$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ <28<7 Ml / 5‑$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ <28 cccc/abd+/abd+LDMB@CLWJLDMB@CLWJ <6 Ml / 5‑$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ <89<6 Ml / 5‑$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ <89 cccc/abd+/abd+

CLWHWHUCLWHWHU CHDWULO <6 Ml / <7 ca $$$$$$$$$$ 2<CHDWULO <6 Ml / <7 ca $$$$$$$$$$ 2< cccc/abd+/abd+CLWHWHUCLWHWHU CHDWULO <6 Ml / 39 ca $$$$$$$$$$ 87CHDWULO <6 Ml / 39 ca $$$$$$$$$$ 87 cccc/abd+/abd+++ Ahgbg` c`d lmxl cùubhdwh l clágl obeuh shmûd ol fxhu{l gh mulvhglg * LddAhgbg` c`d lmxl cùubhdwh l clágl obeuh shmûd ol fxhu{l gh mulvhglg * Ldd HahumHahum AhgAhg <2:3><5;<72"<2:3><5;<72"

CLWHWHUCLWHWHU CHDWULO <6 Ml / 59 ca $$$$$$$$$$CHDWULO <6 Ml / 59 ca $$$$$$$$$$ 3799cc3799cc//jujuC`d Sòxcbód slobdl dùalo l whayhulwxul laebhdwh r l <99 ca gh lowxul ghsgh ol clehchul gho ylcbhdwh$ *C`d Sòxcbód slobdl dùalo l whayhulwxul laebhdwh r l <99 ca gh lowxul ghsgh ol clehchul gho ylcbhdwh$ *Luu`}Luu`}""

CLWHWHUCLWHWHU GH G@EOH OXAHD <5 Fu$ / 59 ca *:‑" rGH G@EOH OXAHD <5 Fu$ / 59 ca *:‑" r <5Ml<5Ml

gh G$B$ Clgl oxahd *gh G$B$ Clgl oxahd *Yu`zYu`z$ R Gbswlo"$$$$$$$$$$$$ R Gbswlo"$$$$$$$$$$$ 2999cc2999cc//juju++++ Vloùhs lyu`zbalg`s *vluáld hd clgl ox{"Vloùhs lyu`zbalg`s *vluáld hd clgl ox{"

CLWHUCLWHU G@EOXG@EOX OXAHD <5 Fu/<6 ca/OXAHD <5 Fu/<6 ca/ <5Ml<5Ml$$$$ <<999cc<<999cc//juju++++Vloùhs lyu`zbalg`s |xh vluáld shmûd sb wàla`s olVloùhs lyu`zbalg`s |xh vluáld shmûd sb wàla`s ol wxexolgxulwxexolgxul yu`zbalo ` ol gbswloyu`zbalo ` ol gbswlo


UHSXABHDG@ C@A@ COLSBFBCLU OLS VBLS VHD@SLSUHSXABHDG@ C@A@ COLSBFBCLU OLS VBLS VHD@SLS



SHMÛD HO SBWB@SHMÛD HO SBWB@YHUBFHUBCLSYHUBFHUBCLSCHDWULOHSCHDWULOHSCHDWULOHS GH LCCHS@ YHUBFHUBC@CHDWULOHS GH LCCHS@ YHUBFHUBC@

SHMÛD HO WBHAY@ GH YHUALDHDCBLSHMÛD HO WBHAY@ GH YHUALDHDCBLHSWLDCBLS C@UWLSHSWLDCBLS C@UWLSGH WBHAY@ BDWHUAHGB@GH WBHAY@ BDWHUAHGB@

SHMÛD OL WHCDBCL GH C@O@CLCB@DSHMÛD OL WHCDBCL GH C@O@CLCB@DY@U VHD@YXDCB@DY@U VHD@YXDCB@DGBUHCWLGBUHCWLSHOGBDMHUSHOGBDMHUSHOGBDMHU A@GBFBCLG@SHOGBDMHU A@GBFBCLG@

Y@U GBSHCCB@DY@U GBSHCCB@D

SHMÛD HO WBY@ GH CLWHWHUSHMÛD HO WBY@ GH CLWHWHUALWHUBLOALWHUBLO

DXAHU@ GH OXCHSDXAHU@ GH OXCHS YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

OLSOLS VBLSVBLS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSVHD@SLS CHDWULOHS



+ BDGBCLCB@DHS+ BDGBCLCB@DHS

++ LDLW@ABLLDLW@ABL

+ C@AYOBCLCB@DHS+ C@AYOBCLCB@DHS


VBLS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSVBLS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS !! BDGBCLCB@DHSBDGBCLCB@DHS

FOXBG@WHULYBLFOXBG@WHULYBL *X$W$B$X$C$B$C$CBUXMBLS HSYHCBFBCLS/@WULS"*X$W$B$X$C$B$C$CBUXMBLS HSYHCBFBCLS/@WULS"



A@DBW@UH@ JHA@GBDLABC@ BDVLSBV@A@DBW@UH@ JHA@GBDLABC@ BDVLSBV@ *CLWHWHU GH WHUA@GBOXCB@D"*CLWHWHU GH WHUA@GBOXCB@D"

AHGBCB@D GH Y$V$C$ *C@A@ XDBC@ UHMBSWU@ BDVLSBV@"AHGBCB@D GH Y$V$C$ *C@A@ XDBC@ UHMBSWU@ BDVLSBV@"

LOBAHDWLCB@D YLUHDWHULO *D$Y$W$ @ D$Y$C$"LOBAHDWLCB@D YLUHDWHULO *D$Y$W$ @ D$Y$C$"

\XBAB@WHULYBL\XBAB@WHULYBL

BDFXSB@D GH GU@MLS/SXSW$ JBYHUW@DBCLS @ BUUBWLDWHSBDFXSB@D GH GU@MLS/SXSW$ JBYHUW@DBCLS @ BUUBWLDWHSLXSHDCBL GH CLYBWLO VHD@S@ YHUBFHUBC@LXSHDCBL GH CLYBWLO VHD@S@ YHUBFHUBC@

+\XHALG@S/ W@ZBC@ALD@S/C@OLYSLG@S/ @EHS@S/WULXALWB[LG@S+\XHALG@S/ W@ZBC@ALD@S/C@OLYSLG@S/ @EHS@S/WULXALWB[LG@S

UHDLOHS CU@DBC@S YLUL YUHSHUVLU VHDLS YHUBFHUBCLSUHDLOHS CU@DBC@S YLUL YUHSHUVLU VHDLS YHUBFHUBCLS

ALGXULCB@D GH FBSWXOLS LALGXULCB@D GH FBSWXOLS L!!VV

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YXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSYXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS!!YXDW@S HSHDCBLOHYXDW@S HSHDCBLOH



C@D@CBABHDW@ GH OLC@D@CBABHDW@ GH OL LDLW@ABLLDLW@ABL GH OLGH OL UHMB@DUHMB@DC@D@CBABHDW@ GH OLC@D@CBABHDW@ GH OL WHCDBCLWHCDBCL HOHMBGLHOHMBGL

C@D@CBABHDW@ GHC@D@CBABHDW@ GH WHCDBCLSWHCDBCLS LOWHUDLWBVLSLOWHUDLWBVLSC@D@CBABHDW@ GH OLS Y@SBEOHS C@AYOBCLCB@DHSC@D@CBABHDW@ GH OLS Y@SBEOHS C@AYOBCLCB@DHS

C@D@CHU C@A@ WULWLU OLS C@AYOBCLCB@DHSC@D@CHU C@A@ WULWLU OLS C@AYOBCLCB@DHS

HZYHUBHDCBL @HZYHUBHDCBL @ SXYHUVBSB@DSXYHUVBSB@D LGHCXLGLSLGHCXLGLS

LGHCXLGL LDWBSHYSBL GH OL UHMBÓDLGHCXLGL LDWBSHYSBL GH OL UHMBÓD

BDFBOWULCB@DBDFBOWULCB@D C@DC@D LDHSWHSBC@LDHSWHSBC@ O@CLO GH W@GL/SO@CLO GH W@GL/S

OL/SOL/S UHMB@DUHMB@D//DHSDHS L YXD[LU$L YXD[LU$ YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

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ALDB@EULS YLUL UHYOHWLU HO S$V$ALDB@EULS YLUL UHYOHWLU HO S$V$Y@SBCB@DY@SBCB@D GHGH WUHDGHOHAEXUMWUHDGHOHAEXUMU@GBOO@U@GBOO@ BDWHUHSCLYXOLUBDWHUHSCLYXOLUBDCOBDLCB@DBDCOBDLCB@D GHO YLCBHDWHGHO YLCBHDWHALDB@EUL GHALDB@EUL GH VLOSLOVLVLOSLOVL C@DWBDXLC@DWBDXL

$ $ $$ $ $

LVLDCH SXLVH Y@U O@S YOLD@S *‟D` ylslu gh olum`‑"LVLDCH SXLVH Y@U O@S YOLD@S *‟D` ylslu gh olum`‑"

YUHSB@DYUHSB@D DHMLWBVL C@DWBDXLDHMLWBVL C@DWBDXL

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YXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS/YXDW@S HSHDCBLOHSYXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS/YXDW@S HSHDCBLOHS*C@DWBDXLCB@D"*C@DWBDXLCB@D"

BDWU@GXCCB@DBDWU@GXCCB@D GH OL LMXKL C@D HO EBSHO JLCBLGH OL LMXKL C@D HO EBSHO JLCBL



LUUBELLUUBEL

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OL LMXKL HD OL OX[ VHD@SLOL LMXKL HD OL OX[ VHD@SL@EWHDHU EXHD UHW@UD@ VHD@S@ *@EWHDHU EXHD UHW@UD@ VHD@S@ *LSYLSY//BDFXSB@DBDFXSB@D""

D@ UHWBULU HOD@ UHWBULU HO CLWHWHUCLWHWHU HSWLDG@ OL LMXKLHSWLDG@ OL LMXKLC@O@CLGL HD OL VHDLC@O@CLGL HD OL VHDL

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C@UU@E@ULU HSWLDCBL HD VHDLC@UU@E@ULU HSWLDCBL HD VHDL *UHW@UD@HFHCW@*UHW@UD@HFHCW@ SBF@DSBF@D""

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YXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS/YXDW@S HSHDCBLOHSYXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS/YXDW@S HSHDCBLOHS*C@DWBDXLCB@D"*C@DWBDXLCB@D"

ÓÓ



V@OVHU L C@UU@E@ULU XEBCLCBÓD GHO CLWHWHUV@OVHU L C@UU@E@ULU XEBCLCBÓD GHO CLWHWHU

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C@DWU@O ULGB@MULFBC@C@DWU@O ULGB@MULFBC@

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D@ BDWHDWLU HD OLG@ C@DWULOLWHULO SBD UZ$D@ BDWHDWLU HD OLG@ C@DWULOLWHULO SBD UZ$UHLOB[LU Y$V$C$ HD JHABW@ULZ LVHDLG@SUHLOB[LU Y$V$C$ HD JHABW@ULZ LVHDLG@S

LXAHDWLU O@S CXBGLG@S HD YLCBHDWHS HD LAU$LXAHDWLU O@S CXBGLG@S HD YLCBHDWHS HD LAU$

YXD[LU [@DLS GH YBHO SLDLYXD[LU [@DLS GH YBHO SLDL *\XHALG@S/OHSB@DHS YUHVBLS"*\XHALG@S/OHSB@DHS YUHVBLS"


YXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS/YXDW@S HSHDCBLOHSYXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS/YXDW@S HSHDCBLOHSC@DWBDXLCB@DC@DWBDXLCB@D

HD G GH F J GH DHD G GH F J GH D



OOHDLG@ GH OL FBCJL GH C@DWU@OOOHDLG@ GH OL FBCJL GH C@DWU@OSHMXBU O@S OBDHLABHDW@S YLUL HO CXBGLG@ GHSHMXBU O@S OBDHLABHDW@S YLUL HO CXBGLG@ GHOLS VBLS VHD@SLS GH CLGL CHDWU@$OLS VBLS VHD@SLS GH CLGL CHDWU@$

+ CLAEB@ GHO SBSWHAL BDFXS@U+ CLAEB@ GHO SBSWHAL BDFXS@U+ OLVLG@ GH O@S OXAHDHS+ OLVLG@ GH O@S OXAHDHS+ CBHUUH JHYLUBDBC@+ CBHUUH JHYLUBDBC@ + CXULCB@D GHO SBWB@ GH BDMUHS@ *WBY@ YHUB@GBCBGLG"+ CXULCB@D GHO SBWB@ GH BDMUHS@ *WBY@ YHUB@GBCBGLG"

UHC@UGLU OL BDCBGHDCBL GH B$U$C$UHC@UGLU OL BDCBGHDCBL GH B$U$C$

UHC@UGLU \XH XDL YXDCB@D VHD@SL HS XDUHC@UGLU \XH XDL YXDCB@D VHD@SL HS XD

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WHCDBCL UBMXU@SL R LSHYSBL CXBGLG@SLWHCDBCL UBMXU@SL R LSHYSBL CXBGLG@SL


YXDW@S HSHDCBLOHS GH XDL VHD@YXDCB@DYXDW@S HSHDCBLOHS GH XDL VHD@YXDCB@D



C@D@CBABHDW@ GH OLC@D@CBABHDW@ GH OL

LDLW@ABLLDLW@ABLGH OL UHMB@D L YXD[LUGH OL UHMB@D L YXD[LU





JXHC@ SXYULHSWHUDLOJXHC@ SXYULHSWHUDLOH$C$A$ JL[ HSWHUDLOH$C$A$ JL[ HSWHUDLO



V$R$H$V$R$H$

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SHGBOO@WSHGBOO@W


@YHUCXO@ W@ULZBC@@YHUCXO@ W@ULZBC@ !! SX LDLW@ABLSX LDLW@ABL



VHDL SXECOLVBLVHDL SXECOLVBL

LUWHUBL SXECOLVBLLUWHUBL SXECOLVBL

C@SWBOOL <C@SWBOOL <


LUWHUBL CLU@WBGL



VHDL RXMXOLUBDWHUDL

VHDL RXMXOLUHZWHUDL

LUWHUBL

SXECOLVBLVHDL SXECOLVBL

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CXYXOL YOHXULO

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VHDL RXMXOLU



VHUWBCH GHO

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LUWHUBL SXECOLVBL

YXOA@D

VHDL SXECOLVBL

COLVBCXOL





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<$<$ UHOLCB@DLGLS C@D OL VHD@YXDCB@DUHOLCB@DLGLS C@D OL VHD@YXDCB@D

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VHD@YXDCB@DHSVHD@YXDCB@DHS––C@AYOBCLCB@DHSC@AYOBCLCB@DHS!!COLSBFBCLCB@DCOLSBFBCLCB@D

BDAHGBLWLS BDAHGBLWLS HAE@OBSA@ HAE@OBSA@ LHUH@ LHUH@



WLY@DLABHDW@ CLUGBLC@ WLY@DLABHDW@ CLUGBLC@ UXYWXUL GH UXYWXUL GH CLWHWHU CLWHWHU R HAE@OBSA@ R HAE@OBSA@ YXDCB@D YXDCB@D LUWHUBLO LUWHUBLO

LUUBWABLS CLUGBLCLS LUUBWABLS CLUGBLCLS OHSB@D OHSB@D DHUVB@SL DHUVB@SL ALOY@SBCB@D ALOY@SBCB@D GHO GHO CLWHWHU CLWHWHU DHXA@W@ULZ DHXA@W@ULZ

JHA@W@ULZ JHA@W@ULZ

WLUGBLS WLUGBLS B$U$C$ *BDFHCCB@DHS UHOLCB@DLGLS C@D HO B$U$C$ *BDFHCCB@DHS UHOLCB@DLGLS C@D HO CLWHWHU CLWHWHU" " WU@AE@SBS VHD@SL UHOLCB@DLGL C@D HO WU@AE@SBS VHD@SL UHOLCB@DLGL C@D HO CLWHWHU CLWHWHU HU@SB@D HU@SB@D GHO VLS@ GHO VLS@


YXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSYXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS –– C@AYOBCLCB@DHSC@AYOBCLCB@DHS

<$<$ DHXA@W@ULZDHXA@W@ULZ5$5$ JHA@W@ULZJHA@W@ULZ33 YXDCB@DYXDCB@D LUWHUBLOLUWHUBLO




5$5$ JHA@W@ULZJHA@W@ULZ3$3$ YXDCB@DYXDCB@D LUWHUBLOLUWHUBLO7$ JHALW@ALS BAY@UWLDWHS7$ JHALW@ALS BAY@UWLDWHS8$8$ YXDCB@DYXDCB@D GHO GXCW@GHO GXCW@ W@ULZBC@W@ULZBC@6$ BS\XHABLS GHO S$D$C$6$ BS\XHABLS GHO S$D$C$=$=$ JBGU@W@ULZJBGU@W@ULZ **SXHU@W@ULZSXHU@W@ULZ/@WU@S"/@WU@S"

$$

2$ HAE@OBL Y@U2$ HAE@OBL Y@U CLWHWHUCLWHWHU<9$ OHSB@DHS<9$ OHSB@DHS YOHZXLOHSYOHZXLOHS<<$ WU@AE@SBS VHD@SLS<<$ WU@AE@SBS VHD@SLS<5$ UXYWXUL VHD@SL<5$ UXYWXUL VHD@SL

<3$ JHALW@AL<3$ JHALW@AL AHGBLSWBDLOAHGBLSWBDLO<7$ JHALW@AL UHWU@YHUBW@DHLO<7$ JHALW@AL UHWU@YHUBW@DHLO<8$ FBSWXOLS<8$ FBSWXOLS LUWHUB@LUWHUB@!!VHD@SLSVHD@SLS<6$<6$ HU@SB@DHU@SB@D GH OL YLUHG VHD@SLS Y@U HOGH OL YLUHG VHD@SLS Y@U HO CLWHWHUCLWHWHU

YXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSYXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS !! C@AYOBCLCB@DHSC@AYOBCLCB@DHSC@DWBDXLCB@DC@DWBDXLCB@D

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59$59$ GBSF@DBLSGBSF@DBLS5<$ GBSDHL5<$ GBSDHL55$ HDFBSHAL55$ HDFBSHAL SXECXWLDH@SXECXWLDH@ *SBD*SBD DzDz""

53$53$ JBGU@AHGBLSWBD@JBGU@AHGBLSWBD@

57$ HDG@CLUGBWBS57$ HDG@CLUGBWBS58$58$ YHUF@ULCB@DYHUF@ULCB@D AB@CLUGBCLAB@CLUGBCL56$ SLDMULG@ UHWU@MULG@56$ SLDMULG@ UHWU@MULG@ YHUBCLWHWHUYHUBCLWHWHU5=$5=$ YLUHSBLYLUHSBL//YLULOBSBSYLULOBSBS GHO DHUVB@GHO DHUVB@ FUHDBC@FUHDBC@5:$ FOHEBWBS5:$ FOHEBWBS \XBABCL\XBABCL//SHYWBCLSHYWBCL/WU@AE@FOHEBWBS/WU@AE@FOHEBWBS52$52$ OHSB@DOHSB@D WUL\XHLOWUL\XHLO39$39$ \XBO@W@ULZ\XBO@W@ULZ

3<$ ALO3<$ ALO Y@SBCB@DY@SBCB@D GHOGHO CLWHWHUCLWHWHUYU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

YXDCB@D SXECOLVBL; C@AYOBCLCB@DHSYXDCB@D SXECOLVBL; C@AYOBCLCB@DHS



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C@AYOBCLCB@DHSC@AYOBCLCB@DHS



C@AYOBCLCB@DHSC@AYOBCLCB@DHS

C@DWU@O ULGB@MULFBC@C@DWU@O ULGB@MULFBC@Y@SW YXDCB@DY@SW YXDCB@D

DHXA@W@ULZDHXA@W@ULZ

CLWHWHU SXECOLVB@CLWHWHU SXECOLVB@





YXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSYXDCB@DHS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSC@AYOBCLCB@DHSC@AYOBCLCB@DHS

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L C@D@CHUOLSL C@D@CHUOLS



L$ C@D@CHUOLSL$ C@D@CHUOLS

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VBLS GH LE@UGLKH R WHCDBCLSVBLS GH LE@UGLKH R WHCDBCLS

UHCXHUGH; ‟SH GHEH HOHMBU L\XHOOL/S WHCDBCL/S C@D OL \XH SH HSWH ALS FLABOBLUB[LG@ \XH @FUH[CLD OL ALR@U SBAYOBCBGLG R XWBOB[LU

HO ALWHUBLO ALS LGHCXLG@ YLUL CLGL XDL GH HOOLS‑

CXBGLG@;CXBGLG@; ‟SB OL WLSL GH C@AYOBCLCB@DHS \XH XG$ Y@SHH HS AHD@U GHO8(; UHLOBCH VHD@YXDCB@DHS SB HS ALR@U; CLDLOBCH‑


VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDLVBL LDWHUB@U

RXMXOLU BDWHUDL



jjjj

jjjj

jjjj

jjjj VBL Y@SWHUB@U

VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDLVBL AHGBL

jjjj

jjjjVHDL RXMXOLU

HZWHUDL

VHDL SXECOLVBLBDFULCOLVBCXOLU

SXYULCOLVBCXOLU

OLS VBLS GH LE@UGLKHOLS VBLS GH LE@UGLKHALS C@AXDHSALS C@AXDHS


LE@UGLKH L OL VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDLLE@UGLKH L OL VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDL



VBL LDWHUB@UVBL LDWHUB@U VBL Y@SWHUB@UVBL Y@SWHUB@U

VBL AHGBLVBL AHGBLYU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDLLOMXDLS VHDWLKLS / BDGBCLCB@DHSLOMXDLS VHDWLKLS / BDGBCLCB@DHS



LDLW@ABL C@DSWLDWH R GH FLCBO XEBCLCBÓDLDLW@ABL C@DSWLDWH R GH FLCBO XEBCLCBÓD CHUCLDBL L OL YBHOCHUCLDBL L OL YBHO GBVHUSLS VBLS YLUL LE@UGLUOLGBVHUSLS VBLS YLUL LE@UGLUOL HS XD VLS@ GH EXHD CLOBEUHHS XD VLS@ GH EXHD CLOBEUH

EXHDL LCCHSBEOBGLG LXD HD C@OLYSLG@SEXHDL LCCHSBEOBGLG LXD HD C@OLYSLG@S GBSWLDCBL LO SBSWHAL CLVLO C@UWLGBSWLDCBL LO SBSWHAL CLVLO C@UWL FLCBO LE@UGLKH HD XD YLCBHDWH LDHSWHSBLG@FLCBO LE@UGLKH HD XD YLCBHDWH LDHSWHSBLG@ ALR@U GBSWLDCBL L OL CXYXOL YOHXULOALR@U GBSWLDCBL L OL CXYXOL YOHXULO VHDL GH LOW@ FOXK@ C@D SXS BAYOBCLDCBLSVHDL GH LOW@ FOXK@ C@D SXS BAYOBCLDCBLS GHKL OBEUH O@S AASSGHKL OBEUH O@S AASS


YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDLLOMXDLS GHSVHDWLKLS/C@DWULBDGBCLCB@DHSLOMXDLS GHSVHDWLKLS/C@DWULBDGBCLCB@DHS

YLCBHDWH \XH D@ C@OLE@ULYLCBHDWH \XH D@ C@OLE@UL



YLCBHDWH C@D CXHOO@ C@UW@ R M@UG@YLCBHDWH C@D CXHOO@ C@UW@ R M@UG@ WULXALWBSA@S CHUVBCLOHSWULXALWBSA@S CHUVBCLOHS CBUXMBLSCBUXMBLS GH CXHOO@GH CXHOO@ JBYHUWHDSB@DJBYHUWHDSB@D GHO SBSWHAL CLV@ SXYHUB@UGHO SBSWHAL CLV@ SXYHUB@U

!! $ $ 4$ $ 4 mm$$

OXHM@ GH YXD[LU OL LUWHUBLOXHM@ GH YXD[LU OL LUWHUBL CLU@WBGLCLU@WBGL BYSBOBYSBO$$ OXHM@ GH WUHS BDWHDW@S FLOOBG@SOXHM@ GH WUHS BDWHDW@S FLOOBG@S YLW@O@MBLSYLW@O@MBLS GHOGHO SDCSDC C@D LXAHDW@ GH OLC@D LXAHDW@ GH OL YBCYBC$$ C@LMXO@YLWBLSC@LMXO@YLWBLS / GBSCULSBLS/ GBSCULSBLS BDFHCCB@DHS/ \XHALGXULS GH OLBDFHCCB@DHS/ \XHALGXULS GH OL UHMB@DUHMB@D WUL\XH@SW@ABLWUL\XH@SW@ABL YUHVBLYUHVBL FBSWXOLS L/VFBSWXOLS L/V BYSBOLWHULOHSBYSBOLWHULOHS WU@AE@SBS YUHVBLS °0WU@AE@SBS YUHVBLS °0


LE@UGLKH L OL VHDLLE@UGLKH L OL VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDL



VBL LDWHUB@UVBL LDWHUB@U


WHCDBCL GH A@SWHUWWHCDBCL GH A@SWHUWYXDCB@D GH OL V$R$B$YXDCB@D GH OL V$R$B$

VBL LDWHUB@UVBL LDWHUB@UGHG@S BDGBCH RGHG@S BDGBCH RAHGB@ S@EUH L CAHGB@ S@EUH L C

U@WLCB@D CHFLOBCL

+

SBWB@ GH YXDCB@DL 5‑ *8 ca" GH OL

COLVBCXOL



AHGB@ S@EUH L$C$AHGB@ S@EUH L$C$

E@UGH HCA LDMXO@ GH BDCOBDLCB@D

GBSWLDCBL *5‑"

+ <3 BDWHUD@ C@D <3 AHGB@

GH OL COLVBCXOL BYSBOLWHULO

GH OL LMXKLJLCBL +


LE@UGLKH LDWHUB@U L OLLE@UGLKH LDWHUB@U L OLVHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDLVHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDL

WHCDBCL GH OL]BDWHCDBCL GH OL]BD

Z E@UGH HZWHUD@ GHO HCAR V$R$H$

[ YXDW@ GH YXDCB@D



LDMXO@ UHSYHCW@

LO YOLD@ C@U@DLO

JLCBL G@USLOSBMXBHDG@ HOE@UGH GHO HCA


LE@UGLKH LDWHUB@ L OLLE@UGLKH LDWHUB@ L OLVHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDLVHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDL

E@UGH AHGBLO GHOHCA$



WHCDBCL GH ]BOS@D R C@OS$WHCDBCL GH ]BOS@D R C@OS$

DBVHO GHOCLUWBOLM@

WBU@BGHS

GBUHCCB@D GH OL LMXKLJLCBL HO HZWUHA@

HSWHUDLO GH OLCOLVBCXOL BYSBOLW$


WHCDBCL GHWHCDBCL GHE@XOLDMHUE@XOLDMHU L OLL OLVHDL RXMXOLU BDWVHDL RXMXOLU BDWE@UGH LDWHUB@U GHO

89¹ GH LDMXOLCB@D




VHDL RXMXOLU BDW$VHDL RXMXOLU BDW$VBL LDWHUB@UVBL LDWHUB@U

E@UGH SXYHUB@U GHO

CLUWBOLM@ WBU@BGHS

E@UGH LDWHUB@U GHOHCA

CLXGLO ROLWHULO

WHCDBCL GH HDMOBSJ R C@OS$WHCDBCL GH HDMOBSJ R C@OS$

VLUBLDWH HOHCWBVL L OL VHDL RXMXOLUVLUBLDWH HOHCWBVL L OL VHDL RXMXOLU

BDWHUDL Y@U VBL LDWHUB@UBDWHUDL Y@U VBL LDWHUB@U



+ YLCBHDWH LDHSWHSBLG@BDWXELG@+ 59¹ GH WUHD$+ U@WLCB@D CHFLOBCL

+ YLOYLCB@D GH VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDL,+ YLOYLCB@D GH VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDL,+ GBSWBDCB@D GH OL LUWHUBL CLU@WBGL+ 79¹ GH BDCOBDLCB@D GHO YOLD@ GHO YLCBHDWH+ JLCBL CLXGLO/Y@SWHUB@U R OBMHULAHDWH OLWH!ULO$


LE@UGLKH L OL V$R$B

VBL LDWHUB@U

E@UGH BDFHUB@U GHOCLUWBOLM@ WBU@BGHS

GHG@ BDGBCH \XH SHYLULOL LUW$ CLU@WBGL

=8¹ GH BDCOBDLCB@D

*+"



WHCDBCL GH YLUSL

+ CXLDG@ SH LOCLD[L OL VHDL HO LDMXO@ SH GBSABDXRH






YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHOYU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO



WHCDBCL GH GLBORWHCDBCL GH GLBOR

LE@UGLKH L OL V$R$B$LE@UGLKH L OL V$R$B$VBL AHGBLVBL AHGBL

CHDWU@ GHO WUBLDMXO@GH SHGBOO@W

YXDCB@D GH OL VHDLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDL Y@U VBL RXMXOLU BDWHUDL Y@U VBL

AHGBLAHGBLWHCDBCL GH GLBORWHCDBCL GH GLBOR

39¹ GH LDMXO@

YOLD@ C@U@DLO



LMXKL

C@UUHCWL

BDC@UUHCWL

< 5 3 7

BDC@UUHCW@


LE@UGLKH L V$R$B$ Y@ULE@UGLKH L V$R$B$ Y@UVBL AHGBLVBL AHGBL

3 5 <



WHCDBCL GH HDMOBSJWHCDBCL GH HDMOBSJ*VLUBLDWH LOWHUDLWBVL"*VLUBLDWH LOWHUDLWBVL"

S$ Gh Y$; VHUWBCH GHO WUBLDMXO@ GH SHGBOO@W

JLCBL HO HZWUHA@ BDWHUD@GH OL COLVBCXOL


YXDCB@D GH OL VHDLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDL Y@U RXMXOLU BDWHUDL Y@U

VBL AHGBLVBL AHGBLZ; 8 CAR; < CA



R

WHCDBCL GH CBVHWWLWHCDBCL GH CBVHWWL*WHCDBCL GH G@S LMXKLS"*WHCDBCL GH G@S LMXKLS"

Z




YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL RXMXOLUYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL RXMXOLU

BDWHUDL Y@U VBL AHGBLBDWHUDL Y@U VBL AHGBL*HDMOBSJ" XWBOB[LDG@*HDMOBSJ" XWBOB[LDG@

LDMB@CLWJSLDMB@CLWJS !! WHCDBCL JHCLWHCDBCL JHCLYU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[





LE@UGLKH L OL VHDL RXMXOLULE@UGLKH L OL VHDL RXMXOLU

BDWHUDL Y@U VBL Y@SWHUB@UBDWHUDL Y@U VBL Y@SWHUB@U



Z; G@S WULVHSHS GH GHG@/ S@EUH HO E@UGHHZWHUD@ GHO HCA$

JLCBL HO J$S$H$

WHCDBCL GH KHUDBMLDWHCDBCL GH KHUDBMLD


YXDCB@D GH OL V$R$B$YXDCB@D GH OL V$R$B$

VBL Y@SWHUB@UVBL Y@SWHUB@UYXD[L HO E@UGH HZWHUD@ GHO HCA Y@U HDCBALYXD[L HO E@UGH HZWHUD@ GHO HCA Y@U HDCBALGH OL V$R$H$GH OL V$R$H$

YXD[L L OL VRB Y@U HDCBAL GHO HDWUHCUX[LABHDW@

GH OL VRH C@D HO HCA$



WHCDBCL GH EUBDNALD/C@SWOHRWHCDBCL GH EUBDNALD/C@SWOHR

JLCBL HO J$S$H$


LE@UGLKH L OL V$R$B$LE@UGLKH L OL V$R$B$VBL Y@SWHUB@UVBL Y@SWHUB@UYXD[L LO E@UGH Y@SWHUB@U GHO HCAYXD[L LO E@UGH Y@SWHUB@U GHO HCA

Y@U GHELK@ GH VRHY@U GHELK@ GH VRH

Y@SBCB@D L

Y@SBCB@D E



Y@U GHELK@ GH VRH$Y@U GHELK@ GH VRH$

WHCDBCL GH YLUSLWHCDBCL GH YLUSLC@D U@WLCB@D CHFLOBCL GH 29C@D U@WLCB@D CHFLOBCL GH 29¹¹LDMXO@ GH =8LDMXO@ GH =8¹¹

GBUHCCB@D YLULOHOL

LO CXHOO@


YXDCB@D GH OL V$R$B$YXDCB@D GH OL V$R$B$VBL Y@SWHUB@U Y@UVBL Y@SWHUB@U Y@UGHELK@ GH OL VRHGHELK@ GH OL VRH

Y@SBCB@D <

Y@SBCB@D 5



WHCDBCL GH YLUSLWHCDBCL GH YLUSL*U@WLCB@D CHFLOBCL L 78*U@WLCB@D CHFLOBCL L 78¹¹ R 78 R 78¹¹ GH LDMXOLCB@D"GH LDMXOLCB@D"


JLCBL HO J$S$H$ R 78JLCBL HO J$S$H$ R 78¹¹ HD W@G@S O@S HKHSHD W@G@S O@S HKHS



LE@UGLKH L OL VHDL RXMXOLULE@UGLKH L OL VHDL RXMXOLUBDWHUDL Y@U VBL Y@SWHUB@UBDWHUDL Y@U VBL Y@SWHUB@U

XWBOB[LDG@ LMXKLS HDHOSHDXWBOB[LDG@ LMXKLS HDHOSHD*D" <9 @ SBABOLUHS R CLWHWHU*D" <9 @ SBABOLUHS R CLWHWHUSBOBC@DLG@S WBY@ DSBOBC@DLG@S WBY@ D!!22




SBWB@ GH YXDCB@D L 5 ca Y@U HDCBALGH OL COLVBCXOL R < ca GHDWULO GHO

WHCDBCL GH EBHO R C@OS$WHCDBCL GH EBHO R C@OS$ *SHOGBDMHU"*SHOGBDMHU"

$

GBUHCCB@D GH OL LMXKL JLCBL

HO ALDXEUB@ HSWHUDLO


LE@UGLKH Y@SWHUB@ULE@UGLKH Y@SWHUB@U

VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDLVHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDL



WHCDBCL GH ]BOS@D R C@OS$WHCDBCL GH ]BOS@D R C@OS$


CLWHWHUB[LCB@D GH OL VHDL RXMXOLUBDWHUDL Y@U VBL AHGBL

WHCDBCL XWBOB[LGL HD HO SHUVBCB@ GH CBUXMBL GHO JHCL



XWBOB[LCB@D GH SHW LUU@]¤ GH <7 Ml


SHW GH CLWHWHUB[LCB@D VHD@SL CHDWULOSHW GH CLWHWHUB[LCB@D VHD@SL CHDWULOC@D EOXH FOHZ WBY¤ GH LUU@]¤C@D EOXH FOHZ WBY¤ GH LUU@]¤

COLAY GHO CLWHWHUC@DHCW@U

OXHU

GBOLWLG@U GH WHKBG@S

SBSWHAL GHFBKLCB@D L YBHO



GBOLWLG@U GH WHKBG@S

SBSWHAL LVLD[LG@UGH MXBL AHWLOBCL

MXBL AHWLOBCL C@D‟ ‑

LMXKL

CLWHWHU GHY@OBXUHWLD@

KHUBDML OXHU SOBY

SBSWHAL GH FBKLCB@DLCCHS@UB@

OXHU SOBY


YXDWL L[XO FOHZBEOH*EOXH FOHZ WBY¤"

GH LUU@]¤



CLOBEUH <6 Ml

59 CA GH O@DMBWXGMXBL AHWLOBCL HD ‟K‑ GH 9$935 BdOBEUH GH OLWHZV@OXAHD GH CHELG@; 9$55 ccFO@] ULWH; 3799CCJUKHUBDML GH 8 CAA OXHU SOBY

SBSWHAL LVLD[LG@U GH LUU@] LUU@] LGVLDCHU¤ COLAY YLUL HO CLWHWHULMXKL GH <: Ml GH 6$38 caGBOLWLG@U GH WHKBG@S


JL[ HSWHUDLOGHO HCA

JXHC@SXYULHSWHUDLO



GHO HCA

JL[ COLVBCXOLUGHO HCA

WUBLDMXO@ GHSHGBOO@W

VHDL RXMXOLU HZWHUDL

COLVBCXOL

F@SBWL GHA@JUHDJHBA

LCU@AB@A




YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[




C@O@CLCB@DC@O@CLCB@D GH SHW GH G@EOHGH SHW GH G@EOH

OXAHD YLULOXAHD YLUL JHA@GBLOBSBSJHA@GBLOBSBS



LCCHS@ L VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDLLCCHS@ L VHDL RXMXOLU BDWHUDLVBLVBL AHGBLAHGBL





YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GB




YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ G




GHO UB@ GBH[





YXDCB@D GH VHDL SXECOLVBLYXDCB@D GH VHDL SXECOLVBL+ VBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLU+ VBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLU



+ VBL SXYULCOLVBCXOLU+ VBL SXYULCOLVBCXOLU


YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBLLOMXDLS VHDWLKLSLOMXDLS VHDWLKLS

YXDW@S GH UHFHUHDCBL AXR C@DSWLDWHSYXDW@S GH UHFHUHDCBL AXR C@DSWLDWHS GBSWLDCBL L OL VHDL AXR C@UWL *S/W V$SXYUL"GBSWLDCBL L OL VHDL AXR C@UWL *S/W V$SXYUL"

VLS@ GH MUXHS@ CLOBEUHVLS@ GH MUXHS@ CLOBEUH Y@SBCB@D AXR C@DSWLDWH LXD HD C@OLYSLG@SY@SBCB@D AXR C@DSWLDWH LXD HD C@OLYSLG@S



LXSHDCBL GH VLOVXOLSLXSHDCBL GH VLOVXOLS GHKL OBEUH O@S AASS$GHKL OBEUH O@S AASS$ VHDL GH LOW@ FOXK@VHDL GH LOW@ FOXK@ ELKL BDCBGHDCBL GH WU@AE@ELKL BDCBGHDCBL GH WU@AE@!!FOHEBWBSFOHEBWBS HSWUXCWXULS VHCBDLS UBMBGLS \XH C@DWBHDHDHSWUXCWXULS VHCBDLS UBMBGLS \XH C@DWBHDHD

OL F@UALCB@D GH JHALW@ALSOL F@UALCB@D GH JHALW@ALS AXR C@A@GL YLUL HO YLCBHDWHAXR C@A@GL YLUL HO YLCBHDWH


YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBLLOMXDLS GHSVHDWLKLS/C@DWULBDGBCLCB@DHLOMXDLS GHSVHDWLKLS/C@DWULBDGBCLCB@DH

WULXALWBSA@SWULXALWBSA@S W@ULZBC@SW@ULZBC@S$$ C@LMXO@YLWBLSC@LMXO@YLWBLS !! WY@SWY@S YU@O@DMLG@S$YU@O@DMLG@S$ JBYHUWHDSB@DJBYHUWHDSB@D HD HO CBUCXBW@ GH V$C$S$HD HO CBUCXBW@ GH V$C$S$ OXHM@ GH 3 YXDCB@DHS FLOOBGLSOXHM@ GH 3 YXDCB@DHS FLOOBGLS

FBSWXOLS @FBSWXOLS @ CLDXOLSCLDXOLS LL!!VV BYSBOLWHULOHSBYSBOLWHULOHS



SB D@ SH C@D@CH LGHCXLGLAHDWH OLSB D@ SH C@D@CH LGHCXLGLAHDWH OL LDLW@ABLLDLW@ABLGH OL UHMBÓD$GH OL UHMBÓD$

SB D@ SH C@D@CH LGHCXLGLAHDWH OL/SSB D@ SH C@D@CH LGHCXLGLAHDWH OL/S WHCDBCLWHCDBCL/S/S SB D@ SLEH UHS@OVHU Y@SBEOHS C@AYOBCLCB@DHSSB D@ SLEH UHS@OVHU Y@SBEOHS C@AYOBCLCB@DHS SB D@ SH CXHDWL C@D \XBHD YXHGL WULWLUOLSSB D@ SH CXHDWL C@D \XBHD YXHGL WULWLUOLS

YLCBHDWHS HD UHSYBULG@UYLCBHDWHS HD UHSYBULG@U YLCBHDWHS C@DYLCBHDWHS C@D YLW@O@MBLYLW@O@MBL YXOA@DLU YUHVBLYXOA@DLU YUHVBL YLCBHDWH HZCBWLG@ @ \XH D@ C@OLE@ULYLCBHDWH HZCBWLG@ @ \XH D@ C@OLE@UL


YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBLOL VBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLUOL VBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLUGBSWBDWLS WHCDBCLSGBSWBDWLS WHCDBCLS




YXDCB@D SXECOLVBL Y@U VBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLUYXDCB@D SXECOLVBL Y@U VBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLU

SBWB@S GH YXDCB@DSBWB@S GH YXDCB@D SBWB@S GH YXDCB@DSBWB@S GH YXDCB@D



GBUHCCB@D GH OLGBUHCCB@D GH OL

LMXKL GXULDWH OLLMXKL GXULDWH OLYXDCB@DYXDCB@D


YXDCB@D SXECOLVBL Y@U VBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLUYXDCB@D SXECOLVBL Y@U VBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLU

VHDL SXECOLVBLVHDL SXECOLVBL

LUWHUBL SXECOLVBLLUWHUBL SXECOLVBL

LUW$ SXECOLVBLLUW$ SXECOLVBL



VHDLVHDLSXECOLVBLSXECOLVBL




YXDCB@D VHDL SXECOLVBL

VBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLU

WHCDBCL GH LXELDBLCYXEOBCLGL HD HO LÜ@ <285


YXDCB@D GH VHDLYXDCB@D GH VHDL!!


GH XE DB CGH XE DB C



GH LXELDBLCGH LXELDBLC

YXDCB@D SXEOCLVBLYXDCB@D SXEOCLVBL !! WHCDBCL GH A@@SALD R C@OS$WHCDBCL GH A@@SALD R C@OS$




O$A$C$O$A$C$



YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBLVBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLU WHCDBCLVBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLU WHCDBCL

GH A@@SALD R F@DWHDHOOH$GH A@@SALD R F@DWHDHOOH$




YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBL

WHCDBCL JHCLWHCDBCL JHCL !!YUBAHUL Y@SBCB@DYUBAHUL Y@SBCB@DYU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[



YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBLWHCDBCL JHCLWHCDBCL JHCL !!

SHMXDGL Y@SBCB@DSHMXDGL Y@SBCB@D


YXDCB@D GH VHDL SXECOLVBLY@U VBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLUWHCDBCL GH SCJLYBUL R SWHUD




YXDCB@D GH OL VHDLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDLSXECOLVBLSXECOLVBLVBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLUVBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLU



WHCDBCL GH YLUSLWHCDBCL GH YLUSLYU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

YXDCB@D SXECOLVBLYXDCB@D SXECOLVBLVBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLUVBL BDFULCOLVBCXOLU

WHCDBCL GH CLUOH/WSXHGLWHCDBCL GH CLUOH/WSXHGL



YXDCB@D SXECOLVBLYXDCB@D SXECOLVBL

C@D LMXKL CXUVLC@D LMXKL CXUVLYU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[



YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBL

OL VBL SXYULCOLVBCXOLUOL VBL SXYULCOLVBCXOLUYU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

SBWB@S GH YXDCB@DVHDL SXECOLVBLVBL SXYULCOLVBCXOLU

VBL SXYULCOLVBCXOLUVBL SXYULCOLVBCXOLU




VBL SXYULCOLVBCXOLUVBL SXYULCOLVBCXOLU

YXDCB@D V$SXEOCOLVBL SXYULCOLVBCXOLUYXDCB@D V$SXEOCOLVBL SXYULCOLVBCXOLU !! R@FFL R@FFL




OL WHCDBCL GH R@FFLOL WHCDBCL GH R@FFL

YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL SXECOLVBLY@U VBL SXYULCOLVBCXOLUY@U VBL SXYULCOLVBCXOLU




WHCDBCL GH NBOBCJLDWHCDBCL GH NBOBCJLD YU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[



YXDCB@D LO SBWB@ GH XDB@DYXDCB@D LO SBWB@ GH XDB@D !! WHCDBCL GH YLUSLWHCDBCL GH YLUSL




SBWB@ GH YXDCB@D AHGBLO LOSBWB@ GH YXDCB@D AHGBLO LOWXEHUCXO@ GHO HSCLOHD@ LDWHUB@UWXEHUCXO@ GHO HSCLOHD@ LDWHUB@U



YXDCB@D GH OL VHDLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL RXMXOLU HZWHUDL RXMXOLU HZWHUDL


YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL RXMXOLU HZWHUDLYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL RXMXOLU HZWHUDLVHDL LOWHUDLWBVL YLUL HO BDMUHS@ LO S$V$CLV@VHDL LOWHUDLWBVL YLUL HO BDMUHS@ LO S$V$CLV@FLCBOAHDWH LCCHSBEOH / AXR SXYHUFBCBLOFLCBOAHDWH LCCHSBEOH / AXR SXYHUFBCBLOLDLW@ABCLAHDWH C@DSWLDWH HD SX XEBCLCBÓDLDLW@ABCLAHDWH C@DSWLDWH HD SX XEBCLCBÓDVHDL GH XS@ FUHCXHDWH C@A@ LCCHS@ WULDSBW@VHDL GH XS@ FUHCXHDWH C@A@ LCCHS@ WULDSBW@!!

UB@ JLSWL HDC@DWULU @WUL/S VBL/S AHK@UHS$UB@ JLSWL HDC@DWULU @WUL/S VBL/S AHK@UHS$SH SLOH FLCBOAHDWH *CLWHWHU C@UW@"SH SLOH FLCBOAHDWH *CLWHWHU C@UW@"SBSWHAL C@D AXCJLS VLOVXOLSSBSWHAL C@D AXCJLS VLOVXOLS

SH LC@GL LDWHS GHO C@DFOXHDWH VHD@S@SH LC@GL LDWHS GHO C@DFOXHDWH VHD@S@GBFBCXOWLG YLUL YU@MUHSLU LO SBSWHAL GH V C SGBFBCXOWLG YLUL YU@MUHSLU LO SBSWHAL GH V C S



GBFBCXOWLG YLUL YU@MUHSLU LO SBSWHAL GH V$C$S$GBFBCXOWLG YLUL YU@MUHSLU LO SBSWHAL GH V$C$S$

SH C@OLYLSL HD HO SJ@CNLG@SH C@OLYLSL HD HO SJ@CNLG@ALOY@SBCB@D GHO CLWHWHU JLCBL C@OLWHULOHSALOY@SBCB@D GHO CLWHWHU JLCBL C@OLWHULOHSO@S A@VBABHDW@S GHO CXHOO@ OBABWLD HO FOXK@O@S A@VBABHDW@S GHO CXHOO@ OBABWLD HO FOXK@LOW@ BDGBCH GH FLOO@S HD AHGBU YVCLOW@ BDGBCH GH FLOO@S HD AHGBU YVCGBFBCBO BDA@VBOB[LCB@D/CXULCB@D GHO CLWHWHUGBFBCBO BDA@VBOB[LCB@D/CXULCB@D GHO CLWHWHU


+ WHCDBCL GH EOBWW R C@OS$+ WHCDBCL GH EOBWW R C@OS$UHLOB[LGL C@D WHCDBCL GHUHLOB[LGL C@D WHCDBCL GH

SHOGBDMHU *C@D MXBL HD ‟K‑"SHOGBDMHU *C@D MXBL HD ‟K‑"



YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL RXMXOLUYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL RXMXOLUHZWHUDL $ WHCDBCL GH EOBWWHZWHUDL $ WHCDBCL GH EOBWW


WHCDBCL GH ULASWHCDBCL GH ULAS



YXDCB@D GH OLYXDCB@D GH OLVHDL RXMXOLUVHDL RXMXOLUHZWHUDLHZWHUDL


YXDCB@D VHDL FHA@ULOWHCDBCL GH A@DCUBHFYXDCB@D GH OLYXDCB@D GH OLVHDL FHA@ULOVHDL FHA@ULO




YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL FHA@ULOYXDCB@D GH OL VHDL FHA@ULOjjVHDL LOWHUDLWBVL YLUL LCCHS@ L VCB$VHDL LOWHUDLWBVL YLUL LCCHS@ L VCB$jjXEBCLGL HD XD YOBHMXHXEBCLGL HD XD YOBHMXHjj

[@DL SXCBL / GBFBCBO GH CXULU R GH ALDWHDHU[@DL SXCBL / GBFBCBO GH CXULU R GH ALDWHDHUjjJBMBHDBCL / LEXDGLDWH WULDSYBULCB@DJBMBHDBCL / LEXDGLDWH WULDSYBULCB@DjjFLCBO LCCHS@ HD YHUS@DLS GHOMLGLS YHU@ GBFBFLCBO LCCHS@ HD YHUS@DLS GHOMLGLS YHU@ GBFB!!CXOW@S@ HD @EHS@SCXOW@S@ HD @EHS@SjjC@DSWLDCBL LDLW@ABCL *V$L$D$"C@DSWLDCBL LDLW@ABCL *V$L$D$" jjC$B$ HD YLW@O@MBLS LEG@ABDLOHSC$B$ HD YLW@O@MBLS LEG@ABDLOHS



$ $ HD @O@M S G@A D OHS$ $ HD @O@M S G@A D OHSjj

D@ SBHAYUH SH O@MUL AHGBU Y$V$C$Y@U WULRHCW@D@ SBHAYUH SH O@MUL AHGBU Y$V$C$Y@U WULRHCW@AXR OLUM@ JLSWL V$C$B$ YUHLXUBCXOLUAXR OLUM@ JLSWL V$C$B$ YUHLXUBCXOLUjjVBL YLUL GHKLU C@UW@S YHUB@G@S GH WBHAY@VBL YLUL GHKLU C@UW@S YHUB@G@S GH WBHAY@jjLOWL BDCBGHDCBL GH C@AYOBCLCB@DHS BDFHCC$RLOWL BDCBGHDCBL GH C@AYOBCLCB@DHS BDFHCC$R

WU@AE@WBCLSWU@AE@WBCLSjjSBSWHAL GH LEXDGLDWHS VLOVXOLS VHD@SLSSBSWHAL GH LEXDGLDWHS VLOVXOLS VHD@SLS


CL GH K$L$ A@DCUBHFCL GH K$L$ A@DCUBHFGH OL L$J$L$ *Aldxlo L$C$O$S$"GH OL L$J$L$ *Aldxlo L$C$O$S$"



Y@SBCB@D GHOYLCBHDWH



YXDCB@D GH OL VHDL LZBOLUYU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

WHCDBCL GH ALUWBD



WHCDBCL GHSYULCNOHD R C@OS$


YXDCB@D GHO WU@DC@ VHD@S@ EUL\XB@CHFLOBC@YXDCB@D GHO WU@DC@ VHD@S@ EUL\XB@CHFLOBC@




OL YXDCB@DOL YXDCB@D

GHO WU@DC@ VHD@S@GHO WU@DC@ VHD@S@EUL\XB@CHFLOBC@EUL\XB@CHFLOBC@




VBLSVBLS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHSVHD@SLS CHDWULOHS



L ALDHUL GH UHSXAHDL ALDHUL GH UHSXAHDYU@F$ GU$ OXBS GHO UB@ GBH[

COLSBFBCLCB@D GH OLS VBLS VHD@SLSCOLSBFBCLCB@D GH OLS VBLS VHD@SLSGH LCXHUG@ L SX O@CLOB[LCB@DGH LCXHUG@ L SX O@CLOB[LCB@D

<$ VBLS VHD@SLS YHUBFHUBCLS<$ VBLS VHD@SLS YHUBFHUBCLSGBSY@SBWBV@S C@D LOHWLSGBSY@SBWBV@S C@D LOHWLSLDMB@CLWJSLDMB@CLWJS

GBSY@SBWBV@S ABZW@SGBSY@SBWBV@S ABZW@SABGOBDH CLWJHWHUSABGOBDH CLWJHWHUS !! CLWHWHUHS GH OBDHL AHGBLCLWHWHUHS GH OBDHL AHGBL

5$ VBLS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS5$ VBLS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS



YXDCB@D GBUHCWLYXDCB@D GBUHCWLCLDLOB[LCB@D *VHD@GBSHCCB@D"CLDLOB[LCB@D *VHD@GBSHCCB@D"

3$ VBLS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS GH LCCHS@ YHUBFHUBC@3$ VBLS VHD@SLS CHDWULOHS GH LCCHS@ YHUBFHUBC@

CLWHWHUHS Y$B$C$Cs$CLWHWHUHS Y$B$C$Cs$


COLSBFBCLCB@D GH OLS VBLS VHD@SLSCOLSBFBCLCB@D GH OLS VBLS VHD@SLSSHMÛD HO WBHAY@ GH HSWLDCBLSHMÛD HO WBHAY@ GH HSWLDCBL

<$ CLWHWHUHS YHUBFHUBC@S GH C@UW@ WBHAY@<$ CLWHWHUHS YHUBFHUBC@S GH C@UW@ WBHAY@GBSY@SBWBV@S YHUBFHUBC@SGBSY@SBWBV@S YHUBFHUBC@S

5$ CLWHWHUHS GH WBHAY@ BDWHUAHGB@5$ CLWHWHUHS GH WBHAY@ BDWHUAHGB@ABGOBDH CLWHWHUHS @ CLWHWHUHS YHUBFHUBC@S BDWHUAHGB@SABGOBDH CLWHWHUHS @ CLWHWHUHS YHUBFHUBC@S BDWHUAHGB@SCLWHWHUHS CHDWULOHS GH BDSHUCB@D YHUCXWLDHL @ Y@U GBSHCCB@DCLWHWHUHS CHDWULOHS GH BDSHUCB@D YHUCXWLDHL @ Y@U GBSHCCB@D


GH C@UWL HSWLDCBLGH C@UWL HSWLDCBL

!! $ $ $ s$$ $ $ s$ !!UHS D@ WXDHOB[LG@S$UHS D@ WXDHOB[LG@S$




3$CLWHWHUHS GH WBHAY@ YU@O@DMLG@3$CLWHWHUHS GH WBHAY@ YU@O@DMLG@CLWHWHUHS SHABBAYOLDWLEOHS @ CLWHWHUHS WXDHOB[LG@SCLWHWHUHS SHABBAYOLDWLEOHS @ CLWHWHUHS WXDHOB[LG@SCLWHWHUHS W@WLOAHDWH BAYOLDWLEOHSCLWHWHUHS W@WLOAHDWH BAYOLDWLEOHS !! Y@UWLOHSY@UWLOHSY@UWSY@UWS !! CLWHWHUHS C@D UHSHUV@UB@ @ S$B$V$L$As$CLWHWHUHS C@D UHSHUV@UB@ @ S$B$V$L$As$



G@EOHOXAHDG@EOHOXAHDCLWHWHUGHCLWHWHUGH

XDL OX[XDL OX[




Y@UWSY@UWS

SBVLASSBVLAS




VBLS VHD@SLSVBLS VHD@SLSC@A@ COLSBFBCLUOLSC@A@ COLSBFBCLUOLS

SHMÛD HO SBWB@SHMÛD HO SBWB@YHUBFHUBCLSYHUBFHUBCLS

CHDWULOHSCHDWULOHSCHDWULOHS GH LCCHS@ YHUBFHUBC@CHDWULOHS GH LCCHS@ YHUBFHUBC@

SHMÛD HO WBHAY@ GH YHUALDHDCBLSHMÛD HO WBHAY@ GH YHUALDHDCBLHSWLDCBLS C@UWLSHSWLDCBLS C@UWLSGH WBHAY@ BDWHUAHGB@GH WBHAY@ BDWHUAHGB@

SHMÛD OL WHCDBCL GH C@O@CLCB@DSHMÛD OL WHCDBCL GH C@O@CLCB@D



Y@U VHD@YXDCB@DY@U VHD@YXDCB@DGBUHCWLGBUHCWLSHOGBDMHUSHOGBDMHUSHOGBDMHU A@GBFBCLG@SHOGBDMHU A@GBFBCLG@Y@U GBSHCCB@DY@U GBSHCCB@D

SHMÛD HO WBY@ GH CLWHWHUSHMÛD HO WBY@ GH CLWHWHUALWHUBLOALWHUBLODXAHU@ GH OXCHSDXAHU@ GH OXCHS


‟‟ XD FULCLS@ HDSHÜL ALS \XHXD FULCLS@ HDSHÜL ALS \XH

ABOHS GH HZBW@SABOHS GH HZBW@S R S@O@ O@S LXWHDWBC@S R S@O@ O@S LXWHDWBC@S

YU@FHSB@DLOHS @ O@SYU@FHSB@DLOHS @ O@S LWUHVHD L UHC@D@CHUO@LWUHVHD L UHC@D@CHUO@



R YXEOBCLUO@ YLUL R YXEOBCLUO@ YLULLG@CWUBDLABHDW@ GH O@S GHALSLG@CWUBDLABHDW@ GH O@S GHALS

HSWXGB@S@S ‑HSWXGB@S@S ‑LMXLG@ R DLOGLLMXLG@ R DLOGL


vias venosas centrales prof. dr. luis del rio diez

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