separata ingles i comp..pdf

8/10/2019 separata ingles I comp..pdf

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Instituto de Educacin SuperiorSan Ignacio de Monterrico

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Definition: El tiempo presente simple describe lo que generalmente sucede pero no

necesariamente ahora .Es decir describe acciones que son permanentes o los hbitos de

las personas, ejemplo:

-Los alumnos de enfermera vienen al SIDEM de lunes a viernes.

-Te nursin! students "ome to te SIDEM from Monda# to $rida#.

%rammar stru"ture: For affirmative statements:

Su&'e"t (er& )om*lement

The nursing students come To the SIE! from !onda" to Frida".

Su&'e"t:#sa $nouns% o $pronouns% al inicio de cada oracion de forma afirmativa.

Nouns Pronouns

&urse I '"o(

octor )ou 'tu(

*atients +e 'el(

hemist She 'ella(

-bstetrician It 'aquelllolla(

Surgeon /e 'nosotrosas( *h"sics The" 'ellosas(

(er&: E0isten 1 casos para usar el verbo en una oracion afirmativa del tiempo presente.

I. (er&os +ue terminan en s: cuando en una oraci2n de tiempo presente mencionan

como sujeto de la oraci2n a una $tercera persona%'he,she,it(entonces el verbo de la misma

oraci2n terminara en la letra $s%. Ejemplo:

$The English teacher 3or4s in the SIE! ever" da".%

$!" sister lives in an apartment.%

S*ellin! Rules:5eglas para agregar sal final de un verbo seg6n su caso:

7. 8grega s al final de un verbo que culmine en la vocal eo cuando culmine en

una consonante. ejemplo.

S*anis Present (er& in ,rd *erson sin!.

Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial1


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!ontar

9ustar

Trabajar

5etornar

5ide

i4e

/or

5eturn

oves

i4es

/or4s

5eturns

1. 8grega esal final de un verbo que culmine en :"sss/0. Ejemplo:

S*anis Present (er& in ,rd *erson sin!.!irar

*asar

8purarse

5elajarse

5umorar

/at"

*ass

5us

5ela/

;u


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pararse

sentarse

manipular

hablar

trabajar

cargar

viajar

comer

beber

amar

stand

sit

handle

tal4

3or4

carr"

travel

eat

drin4

love

)om*lement: El complemento es importante porque otorga un sentido completo a una

oraci2n. 8 veces es necesario incluir o mencionar el tiempo en 4 se reali


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-Los alumnos de "om*uta"i3n no *ra"ti"an in#e"totera*ia.

-Te )om*uter students don4t *ra"ti"e in#e"totera*#. 5Ne!6

%rammar stru"ture: For &egative statements:

Su&'et 1u/iliar 5ne!.6 (er&. 5S.$.6 )om*lement

The English Teacher oesnDt practice In"ectotherap".

Su&'e"t: #tili


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$Dotenursing students 4no3 ho3 to vaccinate peopleG%

7es, the" do.

$DoestheEn!lis tea"er 4no3 ho3 to vaccinate peopleG

No, he doesnt.

%rammar stru"ture: $or 9uestions:

1u/iliar# Su&'e"t (er& 5;.$.6 )om*lement

o Then nursing students 4no3 +o3 to vaccinate peopleG

1u/iliar: #tili


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Su&'e"t: #tili


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(er&s:#sa el verbo en su forma base "a que se est haciendo uso del au0iliar $dodoes%, el

cual modifica la acci2n del verbo en la pregunta. Ejm.

$3heredo"ou livein peruG%

/hat doeshetea"in the instituteG

)om*lement : En algunos casos no es empleado la e0presi2n de tiempo pasado en

este tipo de preguntas.

%rammar Stru"ture: For ans3ers

Su&'et" (er& )om*lement

/e stud" &ursing in the SIE! institute.

Note: *ara respuestas de este tipo,por lo general presenta la misma estructura gramaticalque las oraciones de forma afirmativa.

Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial#


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)2NT1;LE 1ND N)2NT1;LE

Definition:e0isten artBculos u objetos que son contables o incontables:

)ounta&le:8quellos que pueden ser contados " adems mencionar tanto en pluralcomo en singular.Ejm:

S*anis Sin!ular Plural*Bldora *ill *ills

8spirina 8spirin 8spirinsitamina itamin itaminsenda ;andage ;andagesiente Tooth Teeth

n"ounta&le: aquellos que no son contables " se considera solo en singular.Ejm:

S*anis Sin!ular8lcohol 8lcohol8gua /aterSuero SerumFiebre FeverSangre ;loodancer ancer

1)TI(IT7

-=rite te un"ounta&le or te "ounta&le nouns in te "orre"t "olumn:

+eads 8bdomen 8pples ;loodE"es Shoulders bananas &erve+air S4in !angoes SerumForehead ungs -ranges /ater&oses Intestines -il !il4

N)2NT1;LE )2NT1;LE

LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL

Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial$


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S2ME 1ND 1N7

Some: Significa $al!o " se utili


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1dver&s 2f $re"uen"#

Definition:los adverbios de frecuencia son aquellos que indican la frecuencia conque se reali


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Noti"e:utili


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7. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL1. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL=. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

Im*eratives

Definition:El modo imperativo del verbo es utili


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7. I have a headache. ' (1. I cant sleep at night. ' (=. !" job is ver" stressful. '

(>. I have a fever. ' (@. I cant lose 3eight. ' (P. I have a stomachache.' (Q. Theres no food in thehouse. ' (R. I have a bad cold. ' (. Theres no alcohol in themedical bo0. ' (7N. I have dr" s4in. ' (

a(Tr" this ne3 lotion.b(ont eat an" food for a da".c(Ta4e t3o aspirins and drin4 a lot of

3ater.d(o to bed earl".e(Ta4e a hot bath at night.f( ;u" some alcohol in the drugstore.g(ont go to 3or4.h(9et some e0ercise ever" da".i( ont drin4 coffee or tea in the evening.j( 9o out to as restaurant.

Modals

Definition:os $!odals% son verbos au0iliares que usamos para e0presar:

$un"iones so"iales "omo el dar "onse'os. E/am*les:

$)ou souldvisita an -dontologist.%

$)ou souldta4e some vitamins.%

Posi&ilidades lo!i"as "omo el a"er su*osi"iones. E/am*les:

$)our hurt "ouldget infected.%

$)ou "ouldhave dr" s4in.%

%rammar Stru"ture

$or Re+uests:

Modal Su&'e"

t

(er&5&ase form6 )om*lement@

an!a"

an

ould

!a"

I

I

I

I

+elp

+ave

+ave

+ave

)ouG

8 bo0 of cough dropsG

Something for a sore throatG

8 bottle of aspirinG

Noti"e:an!a"ould son usados en:

7. forma interrogativa, para hacer alguna solicitud. E0ample:

$Ma# I help "ou@%

$)an I help "ou@%

1. forma afirmativa, para hacer suposiciones. E0ample: $)ou"ould get sic4.%



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$)our hurt"ould get infected.%

$or Su!!estions:

Su&'e"

t

Modal (er&5&ase form6 )om*lement

I

)ou

)ou

suggest

Should

Should

*ut

9et

Tr"

Some ointment.

Some s4in cream.

Some of this lotion.

Noti"e:

7. por lo general el $!odal% se ubica en medio del sujeto " el verbo 'solo en

oraciones afirmativas(.

$)ousould visit the dentist ever" si0 month.%

$The"sould bu" some medicines.%

1. El verbo a utili


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;: Than4 "ou ver" muchM

@. 8: /hat do "ou LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL for dr" s4inG

;: LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL some of this ne3 lotion. Its ver" good.8: -. Than4s a lot.

P. 8: LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL I have bottle of aspirin, pleaseG

;: +ere "ou are.

8: 8nd 3hat do "ou LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL for an insect biteG

;: LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL some of this antiitch cream.

8: -. Than4s.

Q. 8: LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL I help "ouG

;: )es. LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL I have something for burnsG

8: Sure. I LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL a can of sunburn spra".

IN$INITI(ES

Definition: Se llama infinitivo a la preposici2n $to% U verbo en forma base 5to Cver&6Ejem.:

S*anis Infinitive 5to C ver&68brir To open

ar To giveIntentar To tr"etener To stoplevar To bring

Noti"e: asos para usar el infinitivo:

7. Infinitive as o&'e"t: uando un verbo siempre va seguido directamente porel infinitivo.

V?ohn o*es to enterto the universit"% erb infinitive

$5oss" has learned to usethe thermometer correctl"% erb. Infinitive

$I lie to tea"English language% erb infinitive

1. Infinitive after 1d'e"tive: #tili


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8dject. Infinitive

)ommon ad'e"tives tat "an &e follo


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Stud"=. Its important LLLLLLLLLLLLL the dentist ever" P months. See>. !" friends 3ant LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL ajamarca e Iquitos

isit

@. !ilit =ILL

Definition: El futuro con


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The dog


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=ILL C N2T =2N4T

7ES8N2 9ESTI2NS

Definition: Tipo de pregunta en la cual hacemos preguntas " esperamos

5espuestas cortas en forma afirmativa 2 negativa. Ejm.

- =ill te students a**rove te En!lis "ourse tis semester@

7esTe#


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Ne!ative sort ans


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(. Dis"over te !rammarB "oose te


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o 5-! rive

o /riter

'digital versatile disc(

;lura" a highdensit" optical disc format for the storage of digital

information, including highdefinition video.

+ a highdensit" optical disc format and successor to the standard

.

Flopp" dis4

Wip drive

#S; flash drive

Tape drive Internal storage

+ard3are that 4eeps data inside the computer for later use and remains persistent

even 3hen the computer has no po3er.

+ard dis4 Solidstate drive is4 arra" controller

Sound "ard

Enables the computer to output sound to audio devices, as 3ell as accept input froma microphone. !ost modern computers have sound cards builtin to the

motherboard, though it is common for a user to install a separate sound card as an

upgrade.

Net


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application in computer s"stems.Y7ZY1ZY=Zomputer science has man" subfields[ some

emphasi


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Spar4ed the igital 5evolution3hich led to the current Information 8geand

the Internet.Y71Z

In cr"ptograph", brea4ing the Enigma machine 3as an important factor

contributing to the 8llied victor" in /orld /ar II. YZ

Scientific computing enabled advanced stud" of the mind and mapping the

human genome 3as possible 3ith +uman 9enome *roject. istributed

computingprojects li4e Folding\home e0plore protein folding.

8lgorithmic trading has increased the efficienc" and liquidit" of financial

mar4ets b" using artificial intelligence, machine learningand other statistical

and numericaltechniques on a large scale.

'elations(ip )it( ot(er *ields

espite its name, a significant amount of computer science does not involve the

stud" of computers themselves. ;ecause of this, several alternative names have

been proposed. anish scientist *eter &aursuggested the term datalogy, to reflect

the fact that the scientific discipline revolves around data and data treatment, 3hile

not necessaril" involving computers.

The first scientific institution to use the term 3as the epartment of atalog" at the

#niversit" of openhagen, founded in 7P, 3ith *eter &aur being the first professor

in datalog". The term is used mainl" in the Scandinavian countries. 8lso, in the earl"

da"s of computing, a number of terms for the and practitioners of the field of

computing 3ere suggested in the Communications are of the ACM]turingineer,

turologist, flow-charts-man, applied meta-mathematician, and applied

epistemologist. Three months later in the same journal, comptologist3as suggested,

follo3ed ne0t "ear b" hypologist. 5ecentl" the term computicshas been suggested.

Informatik3as a term used in Europe 3ith more frequenc".

Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial2"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science#cite_note-bgu-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science#cite_note-kahnbook-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Genome_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folding@homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_foldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmic_tradinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_liquidityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Naurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science#cite_note-bgu-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science#cite_note-kahnbook-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Genome_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folding@homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_foldinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmic_tradinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_liquidityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Naur


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Fields o* computer science

omputer science searches for concepts and formal proofsto e0plain and describe

computational s"stems of interest. 8s 3ith all sciences, these theories can then be

utilised to s"nthesiuman-)om*uter Intera"tion

S"ientifi" "om*utin!

Dida"ti"s of "om*uter s"ien"e8informati"s

The subfield didactics of computer science focuses on cognitive approaches of

developing competencies of computer science and specific strategies for anal"sis,

design, implementation and evaluation of e0cellent lessons in computer science.

Computer science educationSome universities teach computer science as a theoretical stud" of computation and

algorithmic reasoning. These programs often feature the theor" of computation,

anal"sis of algorithms, formal methods, concurrenc" theor", databases, computer

graphicsand s"stems anal"sis, among others. The" t"picall" also teach computer

programming, but treat it as a vessel for the support of other fields of computer

science rather than a central focus of highlevel stud".

Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial2#
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_proofhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM_Computing_Classification_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM_Computing_Classification_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_computationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithmshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_methodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_proofhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM_Computing_Classification_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM_Computing_Classification_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_computationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithmshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_methodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming


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-ther colleges and universities, as 3ell as secondar" schools and vocational

programs that teach computer science, emphasi


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Spelling

The spellings e-mailand emailare both common. Several prominent journalistic and

technical st"le guides recommend e-mail, and the spelling emailis also recogni


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,or-ings

E/am*le

The diagram above sho3s a t"pical sequence of events that ta4es place 3hen 8lice

composes a message using her mail user agent'!#8(. She t"pes in, or selects

from an address boo4, the email addressof her correspondent. She hits the VsendV

button.

This sequence of events applies to the majorit" of email users. +o3ever, there are

man" alternative possibilities and complications to the email s"stem:

>eader

The message header consists of fields, usuall" including at least the follo3ing:

$rom:The email address,and optionall" the name of the sender

To: The email addressYesZ, and optionall" nameYsZ of the message^s

recipientYsZ

Su&'e"t:8 brief summar" of the contents of the message

Date:The local time and date 3hen the message 3as 3ritten

Each header field has a name and a value. 5F 1R11specifies the precise s"nta0.

Informall", the field name starts in the first character of a line, follo3ed b" a V:V,

follo3ed b" the value 3hich is continued on nonnull subsequent lines that have a

space or tab as their first character.

Field names and values are restricted to Qbit8SIIcharacters. &on8SII values

ma" be represented using !I!E encoded 3ords.

&ote that the VToV field in the header is not necessaril" related to the addresses to

3hich the message is delivered. The actual deliver" list is supplied in the S!T*

Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial3&
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_addresshttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME#Encoded-Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_clienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_addresshttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME#Encoded-Word


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Ser.ers and client applications

!essages are e0changed bet3een hosts using the Simple !ail Transfer *rotocol

3ith soft3are programs called mail transport agents. #sers can do3nload their

messages from servers 3ith standard protocols such as the *-*or I!8*protocols,

or, as is more li4el" in a large corporate environment, 3ith a proprietar" protocol

specific to otus &otesor !icrosoft E0change Servers.

!ail can be stored either on the client, on the server side, or in both places.

Standard formats for mailbo0es include !aildirand mbo0. Several prominent email

clients use their o3n proprietar" format and require conversion soft3are to transfer

email bet3een them.

/hen a message cannot be delivered, the recipient !T8 must send a bounce

messagebac4 to the sender, indicating the problem.

Mi"rosoft E/"el

Mi"rosoft E/"el 'full name Mi"rosoft 2ffi"e E/"el( is a proprietar" spreadsheet

application 3ritten and distributed b" !icrosoft for !icrosoft /indo3sand !ac -S

X. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables and, e0cept for E0cel 1NNR for

!ac -S X, a macro programming language called ;8 'isual ;asic for

8pplications(. It is over3helmingl" the dominant spreadsheet application available

for these platforms and has been so since version @ in 7=, and is bundled as part

of !icrosoft -ffice. E0cel is one of the most popular microcomputer applications to

date.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_transport_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Office_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMAPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maildirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mboxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounce_messagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounce_messagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreadsheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMTPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_transport_agenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Office_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMAPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maildirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mboxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounce_messagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounce_messagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreadsheethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office


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/istor0

!icrosoft originall" mar4eted a spreadsheet program called !ultiplanin 7R1, 3hich

3as ver" popular on *!s"stems, but on !S-Ss"stems it lost popularit" to

otus 71=. The first version of E0cel 3as released for the !ac in 7R@ and the first

/indo3s version 'numbered 1.N@ to lineup 3ith the !ac and bundled 3ith a run

time /indo3s environment( 3as released in &ovember 7RQ. otus 3as slo3 to

bring 71= to /indo3s and b" 7RR E0cel had started to outsell 71= and helped

!icrosoft achieve the position of leading * soft3are developer. This

accomplishment, dethroning the 4ing of the soft3are 3orld, solidified !icrosoft as a

valid competitor and sho3ed its future of developing 9#Isoft3are. !icrosoft pushed

its advantage 3ith regular ne3 releases, ever" t3o "ears or so. The current version

for the /indo3s platform is E0cel 71, also called !icrosoft -ffice E0cel 1NNQ. The

current version for the !ac -S X platform is !icrosoft E0cel 1NNR.

Mi"rosoft E/"el1.7 included a runtimeversion of /indo3s 1.7

Earl" in its life E0cel became the target of a trademar4 la3suit b" another compan"

alread" selling a soft3are pac4age named VE0celV in the finance industr". 8s the

result of the dispute !icrosoft 3as required to refer to the program as V!icrosoft

E0celV in all of its formal press releases and legal documents. +o3ever, over time

this practice has been ignored, and !icrosoft cleared up the issue permanentl"

3hen the" purchased the trademar4 of the other program.

!icrosoft also encouraged the use of the letters FLas shorthand for the program[

3hile this is no longer common, the program^s iconon /indo3s still consists of a

st"li


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;inar#

The binar" format specification has been available from !icrosoft on request but

since Februar" 1NNR the .XS format specification can be freel" do3nloaded and

implemented under the -pen Specification *romisepatent licensing.

2ffi"e 2*en FML

!icrosoft E0cel 1NNQ, along 3ith the other products in the !icrosoft -ffice 1NNQ

suite, introduces a host of ne3 file formats. These are part of the -ffice -pen X!

'--X!( specification.

The ne3 E0cel 1NNQ formats are:

E/*ort and mi!ration of s*readseets

8*Isare also provided to open e0cel spreadsheets in a variet" of other applications

and environments other than !icrosoft E0cel. These include opening e0cel

http://support.microsoft.com/kb/840817/en-ushttp://support.microsoft.com/kb/840817/en-ushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Specification_Promisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XMLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://support.microsoft.com/kb/840817/en-ushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Specification_Promisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XMLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface


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documents on the 3eb using either8ctiveXcontrols, or plugins li4e the8dobe Flash

*la"er.

The8pache *-Iopensourceproject provides ?avalibraries for reading and 3riting

e0cel spreadsheet files. 8ttempts have also been made to be able to cop" e0cel

spreadsheets to 3eb applications using commaseparated values.

Programming

8 valuable aspect of E0cel is the abilit" to 3rite code using the programming

language isual ;asic for 8pplications';8(. This code is 3ritten using an editor

vie3ed separatel" from the spreadsheet. !anipulation of the spreadsheet entries is

controlled using objects.

/ith this code an" function or subroutine that can be set up in a ;asic or Fortran

li4e language can be run using input ta4en from the spreadsheet proper, and the

results of the code are instantaneousl" 3ritten to the spreadsheet or displa"ed on

charts 'graphs(. The spreadsheet becomes an interface or 3indo3 to the code,

enabling eas" interaction 3ith the code and 3hat it calculates.

Mi"rosoft =ord

Mi"rosoft =ord is !icrosoft^s flagship 3ord processing soft3are. It 3as firstreleased in 7R= under the name Multi-Tool =ordfor Xeni0s"stems.Y7ZY1ZY=Zersions

Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial3!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_POIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opensourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_valueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word#cite_note-PCHistory-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word#cite_note-PCHistory-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_POIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opensourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_platformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_valueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word#cite_note-PCHistory-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word#cite_note-2


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3ere later 3ritten for several other platforms including I;! *srunning -S'7R=(,

the8pple !acintosh'7R>(, S- #&IX, -S1and !icrosoft /indo3s'7R(. It is a

component of the !icrosoft -ffices"stem[ ho3ever, it is also sold as a standalone

product and included in !icrosoft /or4s Suite. ;eginning 3ith the 1NN= version, the

branding 3as revised to emphasi and @ for !ac

=. /ord P and /ord @[ /ord P for !ac

>. /ord Q, 1NNN, 1NN1, 1NN= and 1NNQ[ /ord R, 1NN7, X, and 1NN> for !ac

The ne3er V.doc0V e0tension signifies -ffice -pen X!and is used b" /ord 1NNQ

for /indo3s and /ord 1NNR for the !acintosh.!icrosoft does not guarantee the

correct displa" of the document on different 3or4stations, even if the t3o

3or4stations use the same version of !icrosoft /ord. This means it is possible the

document the recipient sees might not be e0actl" the same as the document the

sender sees.

Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial3"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintoshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCO_OpenServerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS/2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XMLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintoshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCO_OpenServerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS/2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XML


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;inar# $ormats 5=ord GH-JJ,6

8s /ord became the dominant 3ord processor in the late 7Ns and earl" 1NNNs,

/ord document formats '.-( became a de facto standard of document file

formatsdue to their popularit". Though usuall" just referred to as V/ord ocument

FormatV, this term refers primaril" to the range of formats used b" default in /ord

version QK1NN=. /ord document files using the /ord Q1NN= ;inar" File Format

implement -E'-bject in4ing and Embedding( structured storageto manage the

structure of its file format. -E behaves rather li4e a conventional hard drive file

s"stem, and is made up of several 4e" components. Each 3ord document is

composed of socalled Vbig bloc4sV 3hich are almost al3a"s 'but do not have to be(

@71b"te chun4s[ hence a /ord document^s file si


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Mi"rosoft 2ffi"e 2*en FML 5=ord JJH and a&ove6

/ord 1NNQ uses !icrosoft -ffice -pen X!as its default format, but retains the

older binar" format for compatibilit" reasons. It also supports 'for output onl"( *F

and X*Sformat. !icrosoft has published specifications for the /ord Q1NNQ ;inar"

File Format and the -ffice -pen X! format. !icrosoft has moved to3ards an X!

based file format for their office applications 3ith -ffice 1NNQ: !icrosoft -ffice -pen

X!. This format does not conform full" to standard X!. It is, ho3ever, publicl"

documented as Ecma standard =QP. *ublic documentation of the default file format

is a first for /ord, and ma4es it considerabl" easier, though not trivial, for

competitors to interoperate. It^s been approved as an international standard b" IS-'IS-IE 1@NN(, but the approval is under revie3 follo3ing objections b" IS-

members South 8frica, ;ra


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1lternative Editors

*eople 3ho do not use !icrosoft -ffice sometimes find it difficult to use a /ord

document.Ycitation neededZ ;ecause the formats are de facto standards, man" 3ord

processors such as8bi/ordor -pen-ffice.org /riterinclude file import and e0port

filters for the /ord ;inar" File Format to compete. Furthermore, there is 8pache

*-I, 3hich is an opensource ?ava librar" that aims to read and 3rite such

documents. !acintosh users had file translator filters such as !acin4 *lus3ith the

abilit" to interconvert /ord, /or4s, /ord*erfect, &is"s/riter and man" other

formats. !ost of this interoperabilit" has been achieved through reverse engineering

since, 3ith the e0ception of 5TF, documentation of the /ord file formats 3as not

publicl" available until Februar" 1NNR.

Ma"ros

i4e other !icrosoft -fficedocuments, /ord files can include advanced macros and

even embedded programs. The language 3as originall" /ord;asic, but changed to

isual ;asic for 8pplicationsas of /ord Q.

Formando Emprendedores De Calidad Para Un Mundo Empresarial3%
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AbiWordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org_Writerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_POIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_POIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MacLink_Plus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AbiWordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org_Writerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_POIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_POIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MacLink_Plus&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications


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IRRE%L1R (ER;S

SP1NIS> PRESENT P1ST P1RTI)IPLE

';e( amis, are /as, 3ere ;een

;ecome ;ecame ;ecome;egin ;egan ;egun

;ite ;it ;itten

;leed ;led ;led

;lo3 ;le3 ;lo3n

;rea4 ;ro4e ;ro4en

;ring brought ;rought

;uild ;uilt ;uilt

;urn ;urned ;urned

;u" ;ought ;ought

atch aught aughthoose hose hosen

ome ame ost

ost ost 9iven

ut ut ut

o id one

ra3 re3 ra3n

ream reamt reamt

rin4 ran4 run4

rive rove riven

Eat 8te Eaten

Fall Fell Fallen

Feel Felt Felt

Fight Fought Fought

Find Found Found

Fl" Fle3 Flo3n

Forget Forgot Forgotten

Forgive Forgave Forgiven

Free


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SP1NIS> PRESENT P1ST P1RTI)IPLE

eave eft eft

end ent entet et et

ight it it

ose ost ost

!a4e !ade !ade

!eet !et !et

*a" *aid *aid

*ut *ut *ut

Huit Huit Huit

5ead 5ead 5ead

5ide 5ode 5idden5un 5an 5un

Sa" Said Said

See Sa3 Seen

Sell Sold Sold

Send Sent Sent

Set Set Set

Sha4e Shoo4 Sha4en

Shine Shone Shone

Shoot Shot Shot

Sho3 Sho3ed Sho3n

Sing Sang SungSit Sat Sat

Sleep Slept Slept

Smell Smelt Smelt

Spea4 Spo4e Spo4en

Spend Spent Spent

Stand Stood Stood

Steal Stole Stolen

Stic4 Stuc4 Stuc4

S3eep S3ept S3ept

S3im S3am S3umTa4e Too4 Ta4en

Teach Taught Taught

Tear Tore Torn

Tell Told Told

Thin4 Thought Thought

Thro3 Thre3 Thro3n

#nderstand #nderstood #nderstood

/a4e /o4e /o4en

/ear /ore /orn

/et /et /et

/in /on /on

/rite /rote /ritten



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