ultimo trabajo de telecomunicaciones

7/25/2019 Ultimo Trabajo de Telecomunicaciones

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REPBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELAMINISTERIO DEL PODER POPULAR PARA LA EDUCACIN

UNIVERSITARIA, CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGAUNIVERSIDAD VALLE DEL MOMBOY

VALERA; MUNICIPIO VALERAESTADO TRUJILLOCATEDRA:DERECHO DE LAS TELECOMUNICACIONES

La Resolucin de Confictos en

Internet y

La Criminalidad en Internet y los

Delitos

Inormticos

INTEGRANTES

Luis D. Espinoza C. 22.500.062Jos A. Vsquz !. 2".#55.#02$%o&so% 'usni(i )%i*+oC,(%a: D%*-o ( as

T*o/uni*a*ionsA+o S**i1n: 5 E34*-a 00786


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&n (1' 8#'81' 61rt&'

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2? L1 M"#$n"? L1 Con"#(#1"#$n7? EL AR)ITRAJE5? L1 E?1(!1"#$n N&!tr1(6? L1 J!'t#"#1 & P1

@=B ES EL AR)ITRAJE

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6ro?&&n (o' 8o' 61r1 &((o

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CARACTER9STICAS $RINCI$ALES DEL AR)ITRAJE

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&"&6"#on&'


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"o8&r"#1nt&' & 6ro)&'#$n

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1(t&rn1t#?1' 61r1 'o(?&nt1r (o' '&1(1o' ?1"5o'

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'! r&6&rtor#o 1 (1 L&: & Ar0#tr12& Co8&r"#1(, (1 "!1( )!&r1 6!0(#"11 &n (1

G1"&t1 O)#"#1( & (1 R&60(#"1 & V&n&!&(1 N8&ro %4*%


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H)IT< DE A$LICACI>N DE LA LE' DE AR)ITRAJE Cr0#tro' #n&6&n#&nt&', &


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6ro"&'o 1r0#tr1(

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(1' nor81' !& (o r#@&n, &'t10(&"&r &( 61"to 1r0#tr1(


10/31

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not#)#"1"#on&', r&"!'1"#on&', &t", '&@n (o #'6on&n, &ntr& otro', (o'

1rt5"!(o' % : * K&2!'&8

En &'t& 8#'8o or&n & #&1' (1 o"tr#n1 "o#n"#& "on (1 t&'#' '&@n (1

"!1( &' (1 1!tono851 & (1' 61rt&' (1 !& '& #86on& "!1no 1:1n &

&"##r'& (1' "ontro?&r'#1'

EL AR)ITRAJE VIRT=AL

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"on 1(t1 t&"no(o@51, 1 (1 1(t!r1 & (1' )or81' & "o8!n#"1"#$n :

"ontr1t1"#$n E( 1r0#tr12& &' &( 6ro"&'o #&1( 1 '&r !t#(#1o, &n ?#rt! &

"ont1r "on !n1 '&r#& & ?&nt121' : 0on1&', "o8o &( 1nt#)or81(#'8o, &(

6r1@81t#'8o : (1 6o'#0#(#1 & 116t1r'& )>"#(8&nt& 1 (o' 1?1n"&'

t&"no($@#"o'

A'5, (o' 6ro"&'o' 1r0#tr1(&' t&(&8>t#"o' '!r@&n &( 6ro@r&'o &n (1'

t&(&"o8!n#"1"#on&' : (1 #n)or8>t#"1 E( '#@n#)#"1o & (1 61(10r1

t&(&8>t#"1 ?#&n& & (1 !n#$n & o' ?o"10(o' t&(&"o8!n#"1"#$n &

#n)or8>t#"1 L1 t&(&8>t#"1 &' (1 "o80#n1"#$n & (1' t/"n#"1' & (1

#n)or8>t#"1 : & (1' t&(&"o8!n#"1"#on&' 61r1 (1 6r&'t1"#$n & '&r?#"#o' &

16o:o 1( tr1t18#&nto & #n)or81"#$n 1 #'t1n"#1 In"(!:& &( t&(&t&to,

?#&ot&to, )1"'58#(

En &'& or&n & #&1', 't#r> !n 6ro"&'o 1r0#tr1( t&(&8>t#"o "!1no

(o' >r0#tro' : (o' '!2&to' 6ro"&'1(&' !t#(#"&n &( "o86!t1or : (1 t&"no(o@51

& "o8!n#"1"#on&' 61r1 r&1(#1r "#&rt1' 1"t!1"#on&' 1 #'t1n"#1, no &n

)or81 6r&'&n"#1(


11/31

11

En &'t& '&nt#o '& 6!&& &)#n#r &( Ar0#tr12& V#rt!1( o E(&"tr$n#"o, "o8o

(1 r&'o(!"#$n & "on)(#"to' o 'o(!"#$n & "ontro?&r'#1' o 6o'#0(&' (#t#@#o'

!& '!r@&n &ntr& (1' 61rt&', ?51 &(&"tr$n#"1 E't& Ar0#tr12& &n (5n&1 Fon

(#n& '& "1r1"t&r#1 6or &( &"o !& &( 6ro"#&nto t#&n& (!@1r 1 tr1?/'

& 8o' t&(&8>t#"o'

Un 6ro"&'o & r&'o(!"#$n & "on)(#"to' on(#n& &', !n 6ro"&'o

o"!8&nt1o, !& 1 tr1?/' & (1 #n"(!'#$n & !n1 t&r"&r1 61rt&, 1"t!1no

6or 'o(#"#t! & !n 6r#8&r 61rt#"#61nt&, #n?#t1 1 (1 "ontr161rt& 1 r&'6on&r,

r&@#'tr>no'& (1 6r&'&n"#1 o 1!'&n"#1 & (1 "ontr161rt& &n &( 6ro"&'o,

&ntro & (58#t&' )#2o' & t#&86o Un1 ?& #n#"#1o &( 6ro"&'o, (1' 61rt&'

&'t10(&"&n (o' 61r>8&tro' &ntro & (o' "!1(&' (1 'o(!"#$n 6o'#0(& '&

&n"!&ntr1 L1 &"#'#$n )#n1( &' &'t10(&"#1 6or &( 8or on(#n&, o 6or &(

'#'t&81 "on'tr!#o 61r1 r&'o(?&r & )or81 1!to8>t#"1 (1' #'6!t1', &

1"!&ro 1 (o' 61r>8&tro' &'t10(&"#o' 6or &( "o8&r"#1nt& !& o)r&"& &(

'#'t&81

En &)#n#t#?1 '& 6!&& &)#n#r 1( Ar0#tr12& V#rt!1( "o8o 1!&(

8&"1n#'8o 1(t&rn1t#?o & r&'o(!"#$n & "on)(#"to' &n on& o' o 8>'6&r'on1' &"#&n 'o8&t&r !n1 "ontro?&r'#1 '!r@#1 &n &( "o8&r"#o

&(&"tr$n#"o, 1 !n t&r"&ro F>r0#tro ?#rt!1(, 61r1 !& &'t& &8#t1 !n1 &"#'#$n

F(1!o 1r0#tr1( ?#rt!1(

A 2!#"#o & G1r"51 F=


12/31

12

1 E( 6r#n"#6#o & (1 &'6&"#1(#1, '&@n Mn1 : P&1 F=r0#tro' !& '& &'#@n1n

6or (o @&n&r1( 'on &6&rto' &n (o' 1'!nto' r&(1"#on1o' "on (1'

"ontro?&r'#1' r&(1t#?1' 1 Int&rn&t0 Co'to' &"on$8#"o', '&1(1n !& &( ?1(or & !n 1r0#tr12& ((&?1o 1

"10o &n &( "#0&r&'61"#o &' 8!"o 8&nor 1( !& 6!&& t&n&r !n

6ro"&'o & &'to' r&'!&(to &n (o' tr#0!n1(&' or#n1r#o' to81no &n

"!&nt1 1&8>' (o' t#&86o' & r&'6!&'t1', !& &n #"o' "&ntro'

'on 8!"o 8>' r>6#o'" Co8o :1 '& 1 8&n"#on1o, &( 1r0#tr12& ?#rt!1( '& ((&?1

5nt&@r18&nt& 1 tr1?/' & Int&rn&t, (o "!1( )1"#(#t1 &( 6ro"#&nto,

6!&'to !& no &' n&"&'1r#o !& (1' 61rt&' #nt&r?#n#&nt&' '&

tr1'(1&n 1't1 &( "&ntro & 1r0#tr12& A 2!#"#o & B&'@1 F=t#"o, (1 tr1t1 & n#o' "on )#n&' 6orno@r>)#"o' : &( 1"&"o

Lo' &(#n"!&nt&' & (1 #n)or8>t#"1 'on t1n #?&r'o' "o8o '!' &(#to';

6!&& tr1t1r'& & &'t!#1nt&', t&rror#'t1' o )#@!r1' &( "r#8&n or@1n#1o

E'to' &(#n"!&nt&' 6!&&n 61'1r &'16&r"#0#o' 1 tr1?/' & (1'

)ront&r1', o"!(t1r'& tr1' #n"ont10(&' Q&n(1"&'Q o '#86(&8&nt&

&'?1n&"&r'& '#n &21r n#n@n o"!8&nto & r1'tro P!&&n &'61"1r

#r&"t18&nt& (1' "o8!n#"1"#on&' o &'"on&r 6r!&01' &(#"t#?1' &n

Q61r15'o' #n)or8>t#"o'Q + o '&1, &n 615'&' !& "1r&"&n & (&:&' o

&6&r#&n"#1 61r1 '&@!#r(&' (1 6#'t1 +


13/31

13

L1 6ro(#)&r1"#$n & (o' &(#to' #n)or8>t#"o' 1 &"o !& n!&'tr1

'o"#&1 '&1 "11 ?& 8>' &'"/6t#"1 1 (1 !t#(#1"#$n & t&"no(o@51' & (1

#n)or81"#$n, (1' "!1(&' 6!&&n '&r & 8!"o 0&n&)#"#o 61r1 (1 'o"#&1

&n @&n&r1( E't& &"o 6!&& o0't1"!(#1r &( &'1rro((o & n!&?1' )or81'

& 1"&r n&@o"#o', 6or &2&86(o &( "o8&r"#o &(&"tr$n#"o 6!&& ?&r'&

1)&"t1o 6or (1 )1(t1 & 16o:o & (1 'o"#&1 &n @&n&r1(

T180#/n '& o0'&r?1 &( @r1o & &'6&"#1(#1"#$n t/"n#"1 !& 1!#&r&n

(o' &(#n"!&nt&' 61r1 "o8&t&r /'t& t#6o & &(#to', 6or (o !& 6&r'on1'

"on "on!"t1' 81(#"#o'1' "11 ?& 8>' &'t>n #&1no 6(1n&' : 6ro:&"to'

61r1 (1 r&1(#1"#$n & 1"to' &(#"t#?o', t1nto 1 n#?&( &86r&'1r#1( "o8o 1

n#?&( @(o01(

T180#/n '& o0'&r?1 !& (1' &86r&'1' !& 6o'&&n 1"t#?o' #n)or8>t#"o'

#86ort1nt&', 'on "11 ?& 8>' "&(o'1' : @&nt&' &n (1 "ontr1t1"#$n &

6&r'on1( 61r1 tr10121r &n /'t1' >r&1', 6!#&no 1)&"t1r &n )or81 6o'#t#?1

o n&@1t#?1 1 (1 'o"#&1 (10or1( & n!&'tro' t#&86o'

A!&((1' 6&r'on1' !& no 6o'&&n (o' "ono"#8#&nto' #n)or8>t#"o'

0>'#"o', 'on 8>' ?!(n&r10(&' 1 '&r ?5"t#81' & !n &(#to, !& 1!&((o'

!& '# (o' 6o'&&n En ?#'t1 & (o 1nt&r#or 1!&( 6or"&nt12& & 6&r'on1'

!& no "ono"&n n11 & #n)or8>t#"1 F6or (o @&n&r1( 6&r'on1' & &'"1'o'

r&"!r'o' &"on$8#"o' 6!&&n '&r &n@111' '# &n !n 8o8&nto 1o

6o'&&n 1""&'o 1 r&"!r'o' t&"no($@#"o' : no 1n '#o 1'&'or11'

1&"!118&nt& 61r1 (1 !t#(#1"#$n & t&"no(o@51' "o8o (1 Int&rn&t, "orr&o

&(&"tr$n#"o, &t"

L1 )1(t1 & "!(t!r1 #n)or8>t#"1 6!&& #86r & 61rt& & (1 'o"#&1 (1

(!"1 "ontr1 (o' &(#to' #n)or8>t#"o', 6or (o !& &( "o86on&nt&

&!"1"#on1( &' !n )1"tor "(1?& &n (1 8#n#8#1"#$n & &'t1 6ro0(&8>t#"1

@=B S


14/31

14

&'tr!#r : 11r or&n1or&', 8o' &(&"tr$n#"o' : r&&' & Int&rn&t

D&0#o 1 !& (1 #n)or8>t#"1 '& 8!&?& 8>' r>6#o !& (1 (&@#'(1"#$n,

't&n "on!"t1' "r#8#n1(&' 6or ?51' #n)or8>t#"1' !& no 6!&&n

"on'#&r1r'& "o8o &(#to, '&@n (1 QT&or51 &( &(#toQ, 6or (o "!1( '&

&)#n&n "o8o 10!'o' #n)or8>t#"o' : 61rt& & (1 "r#8#n1(#1 #n)or8>t#"1

L1 "r#8#n1(#1 #n)or8>t#"1 "on'#'t& &n (1 r&1(#1"#$n & !n t#6o &

1"t#?#1&' !&, r&!n#&no (o' r&!#'#to' !& &(#8#t1n &( "on"&6to &

&(#to, '&1n ((&?1o' 1 "10o !t#(#1no !n &(&8&nto #n)or8>t#"o

En &'t& '&nt#o '& 6!&& '#nt&t#1r !& Lo' &(#to' #n)or8>t#"o' 'on

1!&((1' 1"t#?#1&' #(5"#t1' !& F1 S& "o8&t&n 8nt& &( !'o &

"o86!t1or1', '#'t&81' #n)or8>t#"o' ! otro' #'6o'#t#?o' &

"o8!n#"1"#$n F(1 #n)or8>t#"1 &' &( 8o o #n'tr!8&nto 61r1 r&1(#1r !n

&(#to; o F0 T#&n&n 6or o02&to "1!'1r 1o', 6ro?o"1r 6/r#1' o #86r

&( !'o & '#'t&81' #n)or8>t#"o' F&(#to' #n)or8>t#"o'

Lt#"o '#n #nt&n"#on&' &(#"t#?1' &' 8!: #)&r&nt& &(

&86(&1o & !n1 #n't#t!"#$n )#n1n"#1r1 !& &'?51 )ono' & (1' "!&nt1'

& '!' "(#&nt&'

S=JET< $ASIV


15/31

15

!& r&1(#1 &( '!2&to 1"t#?o, : &n &( "1'o & (o' &(#to' #n)or81t#"&' (1'

?5"t#81' 6!&&n '&r #n#?#!o', #n't#t!"#on&', @o0#&rno', &t", !& !'1n

'#'t&81' 1!to81t#1o' & #n)or81"#$n, @&n&r1(8&nt& "on&"t1o' 1

otro'

E( '!2&to 61'#?o &( &(#to !& no' o"!61, &' '!818&nt& #86ort1nt&,

:1 !& 8nt& /( 6o&8o' "ono"&r (o' #)&r&nt&' #(5"#to' !& "o8&t&n

(o' &(#n"!&nt&' #n)or8>t#"o', &0#o 1 !& 8!"o' & (o' &(#to' 'on

&'"!0#&rto' "1!'5#"18&nt& 6or &( &'"ono"#8#&nto & 8o!' o6&r1n#

& (o' '!2&to' 1"t#?o'

CLASI4ICACI>N DE Lt#"o 61r1 !&


16/31

16

6!&1 r&1(#1r !n1 )!n"#$n no 1!tor#11 1( 8#'8o t#&86o !& '! )!n"#$n

nor81(

anipua*i1n ( os (a,os ( sai(a

S& &)&"t1 )#21no !n o02&t#?o 1( )!n"#on18#&nto &( '#'t&81

#n)or8>t#"o E( &2&86(o 8>' "o8n &' &( )r1!& & !& '& 1"& o02&to 1

(o' "12&ro' 1!to8>t#"o' 8nt& (1 )1('#)#"1"#$n & #n'tr!""#on&' 61r1 (1

"o86!t1or1 &n (1 )1'& & 1!#'#"#$n & 1to' Tr1#"#on1(8&nt& &'o'

)r1!&' '& 1"51n 1 01'& & t1r2&t1' 01n"1r#1' ro011', '#n &801r@o, &n

(1 1"t!1(#1 '& !'1n 186(#18&nt& &!#6o : 6ro@r181' & "o86!t1or1

&'6&"#1(#1o' 61r1 "o#)#"1r #n)or81"#$n &(&"tr$n#"1 )1('#)#"11 &n (1'

01n1' 81@n/t#"1' & (1' t1r2&t1' 01n"1r#1' : & (1' t1r2&t1' & "r/#to

4%au( &*,ua(o po% /anipua*i1n in&o%/,i*a

A6ro?&"1 (1' r&6&t#"#on&' 1!to8>t#"1' & (o' 6ro"&'o' & "$86!to

E' !n1 t/"n#"1 &'6&"#1(#11 !& '& &no8#n1 Qt/"n#"1 &( '1("#"$nQ &n

(1 !& Qro121' 8!: )#n1'Q 16&n1' 6&r"&6t#0(&', & tr1n'1""#on&'

)#n1n"#&r1', '& ?1n '1"1no r&6&t#18&nt& & !n1 "!&nt1 : '& tr1n')#&r&n1 otr1

4asi&i*a*ions in&o%/,i*as.

Co/o o,o: C!1no '& 1(t&r1n 1to' & (o' o"!8&nto'

1(81"&n1o' &n )or81 "o86!t1r#11 Co/o ins,%u/n,os:L1' "o86!t1or1' 6!&&n !t#(#1r'& t180#/n

61r1 &)&"t!1r )1('#)#"1"#on&' & o"!8&nto' & !'o "o8&r"#1(

C!1no &86&$ 1 #'6on&r'& & )oto"o6#1or1' "o86!t1r#11'

&n "o(or 1 01'& & r1:o' (>'&r '!r@#$ !n1 n!&?1 @&n&r1"#$n &

)1('#)#"1"#on&' o 1(t&r1"#on&' )r1!!(&nt1' E't1' )oto"o6#1or1'

6!&&n 1"&r "o6#1' & 1(t1 r&'o(!"#$n, 6!&&n 8o#)#"1r

o"!8&nto' & #n"(!'o 6!&&n "r&1r o"!8&nto' )1('o' '#n t&n&r

!& r&"!rr#r 1 !n or#@#n1(, : (o' o"!8&nto' !& 6ro!"&n 'on &


17/31

17

t1( "1(#1 !& '$(o !n &6&rto 6!&& #)&r&n"#1r(o' & (o'

o"!8&nto' 1!t/nt#"o' Da+os o /o(i&i*a*ions ( p%o%a/as o (a,os

*o/pu,a%iza(os.

Sao,a in&o%/,i*o: E' &( 1"to & 0orr1r, '!6r#8#r o 8o#)#"1r '#n

1!tor#1"#$n )!n"#on&' o 1to' & "o86!t1or1 "on #nt&n"#$n &

o0't1"!(#1r &( )!n"#on18#&nto nor81( &( '#'t&81 L1' t/"n#"1'

!& 6&r8#t&n "o8&t&r '10ot12&' #n)or8>t#"o' 'on

Vi%us: E' !n1 '&r#& & "(1?&' 6ro@r18>t#"1' !& 6!&&n 1&r#r'&

1 (o' 6ro@r181' (&@5t#8o' : 6ro61@1r'& 1 otro' 6ro@r181'

#n)or8>t#"o' Un ?#r!' 6!&& #n@r&'1r &n !n '#'t&81 6or "on!"to

& !n1 6#&1 (&@5t#81 & 'o6ort& ($@#"o !& 1 !&1o #n)&"t11,

1'5 "o8o !t#(#1no &( 8/too &( C101((o & Tro:1

Gusanos: S& )10r#"1 & )or81 1n>(o@1 1( ?#r!' "on 8#r1' 1

#n)#(tr1r(o &n 6ro@r181' (&@5t#8o' & 6ro"&'18#&nto & 1to' o 61r1

8o#)#"1r o &'tr!#r (o' 1to', 6&ro &' #)&r&nt& &( ?#r!' 6or!& no

6!&& r&@&n&r1r'& En t/r8#no' 8/#"o' 6or51 &"#r'& !& !n

@!'1no &' !n t!8or 0&n#@no, 8#&ntr1' !& &( ?#r!' &' !n t!8or

81(#@no Aor1 0#&n, (1' "on'&"!&n"#1' &( 1t1!& & !n @!'1no6!&&n '&r t1n @r1?&' "o8o (1' &( 1t1!& & !n ?#r!' 6or

&2&86(o, !n 6ro@r181 @!'1no !& '!0'#@!#&nt&8&nt& '& &'tr!#r>

6!&& 1r #n'tr!""#on&' 1 !n '#'t&81 #n)or8>t#"o & !n 01n"o 61r1

!& tr1n')#&r1 "ont#n!18&nt& #n&ro 1 !n1 "!&nt1 #(5"#t1

)o/a 1i*a o *%ono1i*a: E#@& "ono"#8#&nto' &'6&"#1(#1o'

:1 !& r&!#&r& (1 6ro@r181"#$n & (1 &'tr!""#$n o 8o#)#"1"#$n

& 1to' &n !n 8o8&nto 1o &( )!t!ro Aor1 0#&n, 1( r&?/' &

(o' ?#r!' o (o' @!'1no', (1' 0o801' ($@#"1' 'on #)5"#(&' & &t&"t1r

1nt&' & !& &6(ot&n; 6or &'o, & too' (o' #'6o'#t#?o'

#n)or8>t#"o' "r#8#n1(&', (1' 0o801' ($@#"1' 'on (1' !& 6o'&&n &(

8>#8o 6ot&n"#1( & 1o S! &ton1"#$n 6!&& 6ro@r181r'& 61r1

!& "1!'& &( 8>#8o & 1o : 61r1 !& t&n@1 (!@1r 8!"o

t#&86o &'6!/' & !& '& 1:1 81r"1o &( &(#n"!&nt& L1

0o801 ($@#"1 6!&& !t#(#1r'& t180#/n "o8o #n'tr!8&nto &


18/31

18

&tor'#$n : '& 6!&& 6r !n r&'"1t& 1 "180#o & 1r 1 "ono"&r &(

(!@1r &n on& '& 1((1 (1 0o801 A**so no au,o%iza(o a s%Fi*ios sis,/as in&o%/,i*os: Por

8ot#?o' #?&r'o' &'& (1 '#86(& "!r#o'#1, "o8o &n &( "1'o &8!"o' 6#r1t1' #n)or8>t#"o' F1"&r' 1't1 &( '10ot12& o

&'6#on12& #n)or8>t#"o

$i%a,as in&o%/,i*os o -a*%s: E( 1""&'o '& &)&"t1 1 8&n!o

&'& !n (!@1r &t&r#or, '#t!1o &n (1 r& & t&(&"o8!n#"1"#on&',

r&"!rr#&no 1 !no & (o' #?&r'o' 8o' !& '& 8&n"#on1n 1

"ont#n!1"#$n E( &(#n"!&nt& 6!&& 16ro?&"1r (1 )1(t1 & r#@or &

(1' 8' & '&@!r#1 61r1 o0t&n&r 1""&'o o 6!&& &'"!0r#r

&)#"#&n"#1' &n (1' 8' ?#@&nt&' & '&@!r#1 o &n (o'

6ro"#&nto' &( '#'t&81 A 8&n!o, (o' 6#r1t1' #n)or8>t#"o' '&

1"&n 61'1r 6or !'!1r#o' (&@5t#8o' &( '#'t&81; &'to '!&(& '!"&&r

"on )r&"!&n"#1 &n (o' '#'t&81' &n (o' !& (o' !'!1r#o' 6!&&n

&86(&1r "ontr1'&1' "o8!n&' o "ontr1'&1' & 81nt&n#8#&nto

!& &'t>n &n &( 6ro6#o '#'t&81

Rp%o(u**i1n no au,o%iza(a ( p%o%a/as in&o%/,i*os (

p%o,**i1n a. E't1 6!&& &ntr11r !n1 6/r#1 &"on$8#"1

'!'t1n"#1( 61r1 (o' 6ro6#&t1r#o' (&@5t#8o' A(@!n1' 2!r#'#""#on&'

1n t#6#)#"1o "o8o &(#to &'t1 "(1'& & 1"t#?#1 : (1 1n 'o8&t#o

1 '1n"#on&' 6&n1(&' E( 6ro0(&81 1 1("1n1o #8&n'#on&'

tr1n'n1"#on1(&' "on &( tr>)#"o & &'1' r&6ro!""#on&' no

1!tor#11' 1 tr1?/' & (1' r&&' & t&(&"o8!n#"1"#on&'

8o&rn1' A( r&'6&"to, "on'#&r18o', !& (1 r&6ro!""#$n no

1!tor#11 & 6ro@r181' #n)or8>t#"o' no &' !n &(#to #n)or8>t#"o&0#o 1 !& &( 0#&n 2!r5#"o 1 t!t&(1r &' (1 6ro6#&1 #nt&(&"t!1(


19/31

19

A**so no au,o%iza(o:U'o #(&@#t#8o & 61''or' : (1 &ntr11 & !n

'#'t&81 #n)or8>t#"o '#n (1 1!tor#1"#$n &( 6ro6#&t1r#o

In&%a**i1n a *op%i-, ( ass ( (a,os:U'o no 1!tor#1o n)or81"#$n 1(81"&n11 &n !n1 01'& & 1to'

In,%*p,a*i1n ( /ai:L&"t!r1 & !n 8&n'12& &(&"tr$n#"o 12&no

K$s*aK u Ko&a,oK ( *aFs s*%,as:Lo' &(#n"!&nt&' '!&(&n

&n@11r 1 (o' !'!1r#o' n!&?o' & #n"1!to' & (1 Int&rn&t 61r1 !& r&?&(&n

'!' "(1?&' 6&r'on1(&' 1"#/no'& 61'1r 6or 1@&nt&' & (1 (&: o

&86(&1o' &( 6ro?&&or &( '&r?#"#o Lo' Q'10!&'o'Q !t#(#1n 6ro@r181'

61r1 #&nt#)#"1r "(1?&' & !'!1r#o', !& 8>' t1r& '& 6!&&n !'1r 61r1

&'"on&r '! ?&r1&r1 #&nt#1 : "o8&t&r otr1' )&"or51', &'& &( !'o

no 1!tor#1o & '#'t&81' & "o86!t1or1' 1't1 &(#to' )#n1n"#&ro',

?1n1(#'8o o 1"to' & t&rror#'8o

Es,a&as *,%1ni*as:L1 6ro(#)&r1"#$n & (1' "o86r1' t&(&8>t#"1'

6&r8#t& !& 1!8&nt&n t180#/n (o' "1'o' & &'t1)1 S& tr1t1r51 &n &'t&

"1'o & !n1 #n>8#"1 "o8#'#?1 !& "!86(#r51 too' (o' r&!#'#to' &(&(#to & &'t1)1, :1 !& 1&8>' &( &n@1o : &( Q1n#8!' &)r1!1n#Q

't#r51 !n &n@1o 1 (1 6&r'on1 !& "o86r1 No o0't1nt& '&@!#r51

't#&no !n1 (1@!n1 (&@1( &n 1!&((o' 615'&' "!:1 (&@#'(1"#$n no 6r&?&1

(o' "1'o' &n (o' !& (1 o6&r1"#$n '& 1"& &n@11no 1( or&n1or

Es,%a,a/as:Lo' &'t1)1or&' !t#(#1n #?&r'1' t/"n#"1' 61r1 o"!(t1r

"o86!t1or1' !& '& Q61r&"&nQ &(&"tr$n#"18&nt& 1 otr1' 61r1 (o@r1r

1""&'o 1 1(@n '#'t&81 @&n&r1(8&nt& r&'tr#n@#o : "o8&t&r &(#to'

Juos ( aza%:E( 2!&@o &(&"tr$n#"o & 11r '& 1 #n"r&8&nt1o 1

8 !& &( "o8&r"#o 0r#n1 )1"#(#1&' & "r/#to : tr1n')&r&n"#1 &

)ono' &n (1 R& Lo' 6ro0(&81' o"!rr&n &n 615'&' on& &'& 2!&@o &'

!n &(#to o (1' 1!tor#1&' n1"#on1(&' @&n (#"&n"#1' A&8>', no '&

6!&& @1r1nt#1r !n 2!&@o (#86#o, 11' (1' #n"on?&n#&n"#1' t/"n#"1' :

2!r#'#""#on1(&' !& &ntr11 '! '!6&r?#'#$n


20/31

20

T%ans&%n*ias ( &on(os:En@1o' &n (1 r&1(#1"#$n & &'t& t#6o &

tr1n'1""#on&'

$o% o,%o a(o a %( In,%n, p%/i, (a% sopo%, pa%a a*o/isi1n ( o,%o ,ipo ( (i,os:

Espiona: S& 1 1o "1'o' & 1""&'o no 1!tor#1o 1 '#'t&81'

#n)or8>t#"o' @!0&rn18&nt1(&' & #nt&r"&6t1"#$n & "orr&o &(&"tr$n#"o &(

'&r?#"#o '&"r&to & (o' E't1o' Un#o', &ntr& otro' 1"to' !& 6or51n '&r

"1(#)#"1o' & &'6#on12& '# &( &'t#n1t1r#o )#n1( & &'1 #n)or81"#$n )!&'&

!n @o0#&rno ! or@1n#1"#$n &tr1n2&r1 Entr& (o' "1'o' 8>' )18o'o'

6o&8o' "#t1r &( 1""&'o 1( '#'t&81 #n)or8>t#"o &( P&nt>@ono : (1#?!(@1"#$n 1 tr1?/' & Int&rn&t & (o' 8&n'12&' r&8#t#o' 6or &( '&r?#"#o

'&"r&to nort&18&r#"1no !r1nt& (1 "r#'#' n!"(&1r &n Cor&1 &( Nort& &n

*, r&'6&"to 1 "186o' & 6r!&01' & 8#'#(&' A!n!& no 61r&"& !&

&n &'t& "1'o 1:1 't#o &n r&1(#1 !n 1"to & &'6#on12&, '& 1

&?#&n"#1o !n1 ?& 8>' (1 ?!(n&r10#(#1 & (o' '#'t&81' & '&@!r#1

@!0&rn18&nt1(&'

Espiona in(us,%ia T180#/n '& 1n 1o "1'o' & 1""&'o' no

1!tor#1o' 1 '#'t&81' #n)or8>t#"o' & @r1n&' "o86151', !'!r61no

#'&o' #n!'tr#1(&', )$r8!(1', '#'t&81' & )10r#"1"#$n : no o

&'tr1t/@#"o !& 6o't&r#or8&nt& 1 '#o 16ro?&"1o &n &86r&'1'

"o86&t#or1' o 1 '#o o02&to & !n1 #?!(@1"#$n no 1!tor#11

T%%o%is/o:M&n'12&' 1n$n#8o' 16ro?&"1o' 6or @r!6o' t&rror#'t1'

61r1 r&8#t#r'& "on'#@n1' : 6(1n&' & 1"t!1"#$n 1 n#?&( #nt&rn1"#on1( L1't&n"#1 & o't' !& o"!(t1n (1 #&nt#1 &( r&8#t&nt&, "on?#rt#&no &(

8&n'12& &n 1n$n#8o 1 6o#o '&r 16ro?&"1o 6or @r!6o' t&rror#'t1'

61r1 r&8#t#r'& "on'#@n1' : 6(1n&' & 1"t!1"#$n 1 n#?&( #nt&rn1"#on1( D&

&"o, '& 1n &t&"t1o 8&n'12&' "on #n'tr!""#on&' 61r1 (1 )10r#"1"#$n

& 81t&r#1( &6(o'#?o


21/31

21

Na%*o,%&i*o: Tr1n'8#'#$n & )$r8!(1' 61r1 (1 )10r#"1"#$n &

&'t!6&)1"#&nt&', 61r1 &( 0(1n!&o & #n&ro : 61r1 (1 "oor#n1"#$n &

&ntr&@1' : r&"o@#1'

4%au(:Y1 '& 1n &"o o)&rt1' )r1!!(&nt1' 1( "on'!8#or t1(&'

"o8o (1 "ot#1"#$n & 1""#on&', 0ono' : ?1(or&' o (1 ?&nt1 & &!#6o' &

"o86!t1or1 &n r&@#on&' on& 't& &( "o8&r"#o &(&"tr$n#"o

Di,os in&o%/,i*os *on,%a a p%iFa*i(a(.

Gr!6o & "on!"t1' !& & 1(@!n1 81n&r1 6!&&n 1)&"t1r (1 &')&r1

& 6r#?1"#1 &( "#!11no 8nt& (1 1"!8!(1"#$n, 1r"#?o :

#?!(@1"#$n #n&0#1 & 1to' "ont&n#o' &n '#'t&81' #n)or8>t#"o'

E't1 t#6#)#"1"#$n '& r&)#&r& 1 !#/n, '#n &'t1r 1!tor#1o, '& 16o&r&,

!t#(#"& o 8o#)#!&, &n 6&r2!#"#o & t&r"&ro, 1to' r&'&r?1o' & "1r>"t&r

6&r'on1( o )18#(#1r & otro !& '& 1((&n r&@#'tr1o' &n )#"&ro' o

'o6ort&' #n)or8>t#"o', &(&"tr$n#"o' o t&(&8>t#"o', o "!1(!#&r otro t#6o &

1r"#?o o r&@#'tro 60(#"o o 6r#?1o

$o%no%a&Ma in&an,i: L1 #'tr#0!"#$n & 6orno@r1)51 #n)1nt#( 6or

too &( 8!no 1 tr1?/' & (1 Int&rn&t &'t> &n 1!8&nto D!r1nt& (o'

61'1o' "#n"o 1o', &( n8&ro & "on&n1' 6or tr1n'8#'#$n o

6o'&'#$n & 6orno@r1)51 #n)1nt#( 1 1!8&nt1o & t#"o &( Dr J!(#o T/((& V1(/', &n on& '& 6or> o0'&r?1r &( 8oo

& o6&r1r & &'to' #(5"#to'


22/31

22

1 Son "on!"t1' "r#8#n$@&n1' & "!&((o 0(1n"o F#t& "o((1r "r#8&',

&n t1nto !& '$(o &t&r8#n1o n8&ro & 6&r'on1' "on "#&rto'

"ono"#8#&nto' F&n &'t& "1'o t/"n#"o' 6!&&n ((&@1r 1 "o8&t&r(1'

0 Son 1""#on&' o"!61"#on1(&', &n "!1nto !& 8!"1' ?&"&' '&r&1(#1n "!1no &( '!2&to '& 1((1 tr10121no

" Son 1""#on&' & o6ort!n#1, &n "!1nto !& '& 16ro?&"1 !n1

o"1'#$n "r&11 o 1(t18&nt& #nt&n'#)#"11 &n &( 8!no & )!n"#on&'

: or@1n#1"#on&' &( '#'t&81 t&"no($@#"o : &"on$8#"o Pro?o"1n '&r#1' 6/r#1' &"on$8#"1', :1 !& "1'# '#&86r&

6ro!"&n Q0&n&)#"#o' & 8>' & "#n"o "#)r1' 1 1!&((o' !& (o'

r&1(#1n

& Pr&'&nt1n @r1n&' #)#"!(t1&' 61r1 '! "o86ro01"#$n, &'to 6or '!8#'8o "1r>"t&r t/"n#"o

LE' ES$ECIAL C


23/31

23

A%,M*uo 6: A**so in(i(o. To1 6&r'on1 !& '#n (1 &0#1

1!tor#1"#$n o &"&no (1 !& !0#&r& o0t&n#o, 1""&1, #nt&r"&6t&,

#nt&r)#&r1 o !'& !n '#'t&81 !& !t#(#"& t&"no(o@51' & #n)or81"#$n, '&r>

6&n1o "on 6r#'#$n & !no 1 "#n"o 1o' : 8!(t1 & #& 1 "#n"!&nt1

!n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1'

A%,M*uo #. Sao,a o (a+o a sis,/as.Too 1!&( !& "on #nt&n"#$n

&'tr!:1, 1&, 8o#)#!& o r&1(#"& "!1(!#&r 1"to !& 1(t&r& &(

)!n"#on18#&nto o #n!t#(#"& !n '#'t&81 !& !t#(#"& t&"no(o@51' &

#n)or81"#$n o "!1(!#&r1 & (o' "o86on&nt&' !& (o "on)or81n, '&r>

6&n1o "on 6r#'#$n & "!1tro 1 o"o 1o' : 8!(t1 & "!1tro"#&nt1' 1

o"o"#&nt1' !n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1'

In"!rr#r> &n (1 8#'81 6&n1 !#&n &'tr!:1, 1&, 8o#)#!& o #n!t#(#"& (1

1t1 o (1 #n)or81"#$n "ont&n#1 &n "!1(!#&r '#'t&81 !& !t#(#"&

t&"no(o@51' & #n)or81"#$n o &n "!1(&'!#&r1 & '!' "o86on&nt&'

L1 6&n1 '&r> & "#n"o 1 #& 1o' & 6r#'#$n : 8!(t1 & !#n#&nt1' 1 8#(

!n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1', '# (o' &)&"to' #n#"1o' &n &( 6r&'&nt& 1rt5"!(o '&

r&1(#1r&n 8nt& (1 "r&1"#$n, #ntro!""#$n o tr1n'8#'#$n #nt&n"#on1(,

6or "!1(!#&r 8o, & !n ?#r!' o 6ro@r181 1n>(o@o

A%,M*uo . 4aFo%*i/in,o *uposo ( sao,a o (a+o. S# &( &(#to

6r&?#'to &n &( 1rt5"!(o 1nt&r#or '& "o8&t#&r& 6or #86r!&n"#1, n&@(#@&n"#1,

#86&r#"#1 o #no0'&r?1n"#1 & (1' nor81' &'t10(&"#1', '& 16(#"1r> (1 6&n1

"orr&'6on#&nt& '&@n &( "1'o, "on !n1 r&!""#$n &ntr& (1 8#t1 : o'

t&r"#o'

A%,M*uo . A**so in(i(o o sao,a a sis,/as p%o,i(os. L1'

6&n1' 6r&?#'t1' &n (o' 1rt5"!(o' 1nt&r#or&' '& 1!8&nt1r>n &ntr& !n1

t&r"&r1 61rt& : (1 8#t1, "!1no (o' &"o' 1((5 6r&?#'to' o '!' &)&"to'

r&"1#@1n 'o0r& "!1(&'!#&r1 & (o' "o86on&nt&' & !n '#'t&81 !&

!t#(#"& t&"no(o@51' & #n)or81"#$n 6rot&@#o 6or 8' & '&@!r#1,

!& &'t/ &'t#n1o 1 )!n"#on&' 60(#"1' o !& "ont&n@1 #n)or81"#$n

6&r'on1( o 61tr#8on#1( & 6&r'on1' n1t!r1(&' o 2!r5#"1'


24/31

24

A%,M*uo 80. $ossi1n ( quipos o p%s,a*i1n ( s%Fi*ios (

sao,a. .!#&n #86ort&, )10r#!&, #'tr#0!:1, ?&n1 o !t#(#"& &!#6o',

#'6o'#t#?o' o 6ro@r181', "on &( 6ro6$'#to & &'t#n1r(o' 1 ?!(n&r1r o

&(#8#n1r (1 '&@!r#1 & "!1(!#&r '#'t&81 !& !t#(#"& t&"no(o@51' &

#n)or81"#$n; o &( !& o)r&"1 o 6r&'t& '&r?#"#o' &'t#n1o' 1 "!86(#r (o'

8#'8o' )#n&', '&r> 6&n1o "on 6r#'#$n & tr&' 1 '' 1o' : 8!(t1 &

tr&'"#&nt1' 1 ''"#&nt1' !n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1'

A%,M*uo 88. Espiona in&o%/,i*o. To1 6&r'on1 !& #n&0#18&nt&

o0t&n@1, r&?&(& o #)!n1 (1 1t1 o #n)or81"#$n "ont&n#1' &n !n '#'t&81

!& !t#(#"& t&"no(o@51' & #n)or81"#$n o &n "!1(&'!#&r1 & '!'

"o86on&nt&', '&r> 6&n11 "on 6r#'#$n & tr&' 1 '' 1o' : 8!(t1 &

tr&'"#&nt1' 1 ''"#&nt1' !n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1'

L1 6&n1 '& 1!8&nt1r> & !n t&r"#o 1 (1 8#t1, '# &( &(#to 6r&?#'to &n &(

6r&'&nt& 1rt5"!(o '& "o8&t#&r& "on &( )#n & o0t&n&r 1(@n t#6o &

0&n&)#"#o 61r1 '5 o 61r1 otro

E( 1!8&nto '&r> & (1 8#t1 1 o' t&r"#o', '# '& 6!'#&r& &n 6&(#@ro (1

'&@!r#1 &( E't1o, (1 "on)#10#(#1 & (1 o6&r1"#$n & (1' #n't#t!"#on&'

1)&"t11' o r&'!(t1r& 1(@n 1o 61r1 (1' 6&r'on1' n1t!r1(&' o 2!r5#"1',

"o8o "on'&"!&n"#1 & (1 r&?&(1"#$n & (1' #n)or81"#on&' & "1r>"t&r

r&'&r?1o

A%,M*uo 82. 4asi&i*a*i1n ( (o*u/n,os. .!#&n, 1 tr1?/' & "!1(!#&r

8o, "r&&, 8o#)#!& o &(#8#n& !n o"!8&nto !& '& &n"!&ntr&

#n"or6or1o 1 !n '#'t&81 !& !t#(#"& t&"no(o@51' & #n)or81"#$n; o "r&&,

8o#)#!& o &(#8#n& 1to' &( 8#'8o; o #n"or6or& 1 #"o '#'t&81 !n

o"!8&nto #n't&nt&, '&r> 6&n1o "on 6r#'#$n & tr&' 1 '' 1o' :

8!(t1 & tr&'"#&nt1' 1 ''"#&nt1' !n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1'

C!1no &( 1@&nt& !0#&r& 1"t!1o "on &( )#n & 6ro"!r1r 61r1 '5 o 61r1

otro 1(@n t#6o & 0&n&)#"#o, (1 6&n1 '& 1!8&nt1r> &ntr& !n t&r"#o : (1

8#t1


25/31

25

E( 1!8&nto '&r> & (1 8#t1 1 o' t&r"#o' '# &( &"o r&'!(t1r& !n

6&r2!#"#o 61r1 otro

D os Di,os Con,%a a $%opi(a(

A%,M*uo 8". !u%,o .!#&n 1 tr1?/' &( !'o & t&"no(o@51' & #n)or81"#$n,

1""&1, #nt&r"&6t&, #nt&r)#&r1, 81n#6!(& o !'& & "!1(!#&r )or81 !n

'#'t&81 o 8o & "o8!n#"1"#$n 61r1 16o&r1r'& & 0#&n&' o ?1(or&'

t1n@#0(&' o #nt1n@#0(&' & "1r>"t&r 61tr#8on#1( '!'tr1:/no(o' 1 '!

t&n&or, "on &( )#n & 6ro"!r1r'& !n 6ro?&"o &"on$8#"o 61r1 '5 o 61r1

otro, '&r> '1n"#on1o "on 6r#'#$n & o' 1 '' 1o' : 8!(t1 &

o'"#&nt1' 1 ''"#&nt1' !n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1'

A%,M*uo 87. 4%au(. Too 1!&( !&, 1 tr1?/' &( !'o #n&0#o &

t&"no(o@51' & #n)or81"#$n, ?1(#/no'& & "!1(!#&r 81n#6!(1"#$n &n

'#'t&81' o "!1(!#&r1 & '!' "o86on&nt&', o &n (1 1t1 o #n)or81"#$n &n

&((o' "ont&n#1, "on'#@1 #n'&rt1r #n'tr!""#on&' )1('1' o )r1!!(&nt1', !&

6ro!"1n !n r&'!(t1o !& 6&r8#t1 o0t&n&r !n 6ro?&"o #n2!'to &n

6&r2!#"#o 12&no, '&r> 6&n1o "on 6r#'#$n & tr&' 1 '#&t& 1o' : 8!(t1 &

tr&'"#&nt1' 1 '&t&"#&nt1' !n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1'

A%,M*uo 85.


26/31

26

#n)or81"#$n &n !n '#'t&81, "on &( o02&to & #n"or6or1r !'!1r#o', "!&nt1',

r&@#'tro' o "on'!8o' #n't&nt&' o 8o#)#!& (1 "!1nt51 & /'to', '&r>

6&n11 "on 6r#'#$n & "#n"o 1 #& 1o' : 8!(t1 & !#n#&nt1' 1 8#(

!n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1'

En (1 8#'81 6&n1 #n"!rr#r> !#&n, '#n 10&r to81o 61rt& &n (o' &"o'

1nt&r#or&', 1!#&r1, "o8&r"#1(#"&, 6o'&1, #'tr#0!:1, ?&n1 o r&1(#"&

"!1(!#&r t#6o & #nt&r8"#$n & t1r2&t1' #nt&(#@&nt&' o #n'tr!8&nto'

&'t#n1o' 1( 8#'8o )#n, o & (1 1t1 o #n)or81"#$n "ont&n#1' &n &((o' o

&n !n '#'t&81

A%,M*uo 8#. Ap%opia*i1n ( ,a%,as in,in,s o ins,%u/n,osanoos. .!#&n '& 16ro6#& & !n1 t1r2&t1 #nt&(#@&nt& o #n'tr!8&nto

&'t#n1o 1 (o' 8#'8o' )#n&', !& '& 1:1 6&r#o, &tr1?#1o o !& 1:1

'#o &ntr&@1o 6or &!#?o"1"#$n, "on &( )#n & r&t&n&r(o, !'1r(o, ?&n&r(o

o tr1n')&r#r(o 1 !n1 6&r'on1 #'t#nt1 &( !'!1r#o 1!tor#1o o &nt#1

&8#'or1, '&r> 6&n1o "on 6r#'#$n & !no 1 "#n"o 1o' : 8!(t1 & #& 1

"#n"!&nt1 !n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1' L1 8#'81 6&n1 '& #86onr> 1 !#&n

1!#&r1 o r&"#01 (1 t1r2&t1 o #n'tr!8&nto 1 !& '& r&)#&r& &( 6r&'&nt&1rt5"!(o

A%,M*uo 8. $%oFisi1n in(i(a ( ins o s%Fi*ios.Too 1!&( !&,

1 '10#&n1' & !& !n1 t1r2&t1 #nt&(#@&nt& o #n'tr!8&nto &'t#n1o 1 (o'

8#'8o' )#n&', '& &n"!&ntr1 ?&n"#o, r&?o"1o; '& 1:1 #n&0#18&nt&

o0t&n#o, r&t&n#o, )1('#)#"1o, 1(t&r1o; 6ro?&1 1 !#&n (o' 6r&'&nt& &

#n&ro, &)&"to', 0#&n&' o '&r?#"#o', o "!1(!#&r otr1 "o'1 & ?1(or

&"on$8#"o '&r> 6&n1o "on 6r#'#$n & o' 1 '' 1o' : 8!(t1 &

o'"#&nt1' 1 ''"#&nt1' !n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1'

A%,M*uo 8. $ossi1n ( quipo pa%a &asi&i*a*ions. Too 1!&( !&

'#n &'t1r &0#18&nt& 1!tor#1o 61r1 &8#t#r, )10r#"1r o #'tr#0!#r t1r2&t1'

#nt&(#@&nt&' o #n'tr!8&nto' 1n>(o@o', r&"#01, 1!#&r1, 6o'&1, tr1n')#&r1,

"o8&r"#1(#"&, #'tr#0!:1, ?&n1, "ontro(& o "!'to#& "!1(!#&r &!#6o &

)10r#"1"#$n & t1r2&t1' #nt&(#@&nt&' o & #n'tr!8&nto' &'t#n1o' 1 (o'


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8#'8o' )#n&', o "!1(!#&r &!#6o o "o86on&nt& !& "16t!r&, @r10&, "o6#&

o tr1n'8#t1 (1 1t1 o #n)or81"#$n & #"1' t1r2&t1' o #n'tr!8&nto', '&r>

6&n1o "on 6r#'#$n & tr&' 1 '' 1o' : 8!(t1 & tr&'"#&nt1' 1

''"#&nt1' !n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1'

D os Di,os Con,%a a $%iFa*i(a( ( as $%sonas ( as

Co/uni*a*ions

A%,M*uo 20. Vioa*i1n ( a p%iFa*i(a( ( a (a,a o in&o%/a*i1n (

*a%*,% p%sona. To1 6&r'on1 !& #nt&n"#on1(8&nt& '& 16o&r&,

!t#(#"&, 8o#)#!& o &(#8#n& 6or "!1(!#&r 8o, '#n &( "on'&nt#8#&nto &

'! !&o, (1 1t1 o #n)or81"#$n 6&r'on1(&' & otro o 'o0r& (1' "!1(&'t&n@1 #nt&r/' (&@5t#8o, !& &'t/n #n"or6or11' &n !n "o86!t1or o

'#'t&81 !& !t#(#"& t&"no(o@51' & #n)or81"#$n, '&r> 6&n11 "on 6r#'#$n

& o' 1 '' 1o' : 8!(t1 & o'"#&nt1' 1 ''"#&nt1' !n#1&'

tr#0!t1r#1'

L1 6&n1 '& #n"r&8&nt1r> & !n t&r"#o 1 (1 8#t1 '# "o8o "on'&"!&n"#1 &

(o' &"o' 1nt&r#or&' r&'!(t1r& !n 6&r2!#"#o 61r1 &( t#t!(1r & (1 1t1 o

#n)or81"#$n o 61r1 !n t&r"&ro

A%,M*uo 28. Vioa*i1n ( a p%iFa*i(a( ( as *o/uni*a*ions. To1

6&r'on1 !& 8nt& &( !'o & t&"no(o@51' & #n)or81"#$n 1""&1,

"16t!r&, #nt&r"&6t&, #nt&r)#&r1, r&6ro!"1, 8o#)#!&, &'?5& o &(#8#n&

"!1(!#&r 8&n'12& & 1to' o '&1( & tr1n'8#'#$n o "o8!n#"1"#$n 12&n1,

'&r> '1n"#on11 "on 6r#'#$n & o' 1 '' 1o' : 8!(t1 & o'"#&nt1' 1

''"#&nt1' !n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1'

A%,M*uo 22. RFa*i1n in(i(a ( (a,a o in&o%/a*i1n ( *a%*,%

p%sona .!#&n r&?&(&, #)!n1 o "&1, &n too o &n 61rt&, (o' &"o'

&'"!0#&rto', (1' #8>@&n&', &( 1!#o o, &n @&n&r1(, (1 1t1 o #n)or81"#$n

o0t&n#o' 6or 1(@!no & (o' 8o' #n#"1o' &n (o' 1rt5"!(o' =< : =,

'&r> '1n"#on1o "on 6r#'#$n & o' 1 '' 1o' : 8!(t1 & o'"#&nt1' 1

''"#&nt1' !n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1'


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28

S# (1 r&?&(1"#$n, #)!'#$n o "&'#$n '& !0#&r&n r&1(#1o "on !n )#n &

(!"ro, o '# r&'!(t1r& 1(@n 6&r2!#"#o 61r1 otro, (1 6&n1 '& 1!8&nt1r> & !n

t&r"#o 1 (1 8#t1

D os Di,os Con,%a Ni+os Ni+as o A(os*n,s

A%,M*uo 2". Di&usi1n o O-ii*i1n ( /a,%ia po%no%&i*o. Too

1!&( !&, 6or "!1(!#&r 8o !& #n?o(!"r& &( !'o & t&"no(o@51' &

#n)or81"#$n, , #)!n1, tr1n'8#t1 o ?&n1 81t&r#1( 6orno@r>)#"o o

r&'&r?1o 1 6&r'on1' 1!(t1', '#n r&1(#1r 6r&?#18&nt& (1' &0#1'

1?&rt&n"#1' 61r1 !& &( !'!1r#o r&'tr#n21 &( 1""&'o 1 n#o', n#1' :

1o(&'"&nt&', '&r> '1n"#on1o "on 6r#'#$n & o' 1 '' 1o' : 8!(t1 &o'"#&nt1' 1 ''"#&nt1' !n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1'

A%,M*uo 27. EO-ii*i1n po%no%&i*a ( ni+os o a(os*n,s. To1

6&r'on1 !& 6or "!1(!#&r 8o !& #n?o(!"r& &( !'o & t&"no(o@51' &

#n)or81"#$n, !t#(#"& 1 (1 6&r'on1 o #81@&n & !n n#o, n#1 o 1o(&'"&nt&

"on )#n&' #"#on#'t1' o 6orno@r>)#"o', '&r> 6&n11 "on 6r#'#$n &

"!1tro 1 o"o 1o' : 8!(t1 & "!1tro"#&nt1' 1 o"o"#&nt1' !n#1&'

tr#0!t1r#1'

D os Di,os Con,%a '1n"#on1o

"on 6r#'#$n & !no 1 "#n"o 1o' : 8!(t1 & "#&n 1 !#n#&nt1' !n#1&'

tr#0!t1r#1'

A%,M*uo 26.


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6&r2!#"#o 61r1 (o' "on'!8#or&', '&r> '1n"#on11 "on 6r#'#$n & !no 1

"#n"o 1o' : 8!(t1 & "#&n 1 !#n#&nt1' !n#1&' tr#0!t1r#1', '#n 6&r2!#"#o

& (1 "o8#'#$n & !n &(#to 8>' @r1?&

Con*usi1n

Gr1n 61rt& & (1' "o8!n#"1"#on&' or#n1r#1' 1"t!1(&' : &(81nt&n#8#&nto & (o' r&@#'tro' '& 01'1 &n Int&rn&t : &n (1' t&"no(o@51'

r&(1"#on11' A( t#&86o !& (1 t&"no(o@51 #@#t1( 8&2or1 (1 &)#"#&n"#1 & (1'

1"t#?#1&' (&@5t#81' or#n1r#1', t180#/n 8&2or1 (1 &)#"#&n"#1 & (1'

1"t#?#1&' &(#"t#?1' E( &(#to "#0&rn/t#"o o "#0&r&(#to '& r&)#&r& &n

t/r8#no' @&n&r1(&' 1 (1 1"t#?#1 &(#"t#?1 !& !t#(#1 (o' '#'t&81' &

#n)or81"#$n "o8o #n'tr!8&nto' ! o02&t#?o' & !n1 #(&@1(#1 E'to '!6on&

&( 1""&'o #(5"#to 1 (o' '#'t&81', (1 #nt&r)&r&n"#1 "on '! !'o (&@1( : &( ro0o o


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(1 &'tr!""#$n & (1 #n)or81"#$n "ont&n#1 &n &((o' T180#/n 6!&&

#86(#"1r (1 6o'&'#$n o tr1n'8#'#$n & "ont&n#o 6ro#0#o

E( &'1rro((o & (1' n!&?1' t&"no(o@51' r&6r&'&nt1 !n r&to 61r1 (1'&@!r#1 !& n#n@n E't1o 6!&& 1)ront1r 'o(o, 6or '! 61rt& &(

C#0&r&(#to, &' !n 1"to #r#@#o 1 "1!'1r !n 1o &n &( 1r1r& :

'o)t1r& & !n !'!1r#o To1' (1' t&n&n"#1' 16!nt1n 1 !& (1

@(o01(#1"#$n 1 &"o !& :1 no 'o(18&nt& t&n@18o' !& &'t1r

6&n#&nt& & ?#@#(1r !n "1((&2$n o'"!ro &n 8o & (1 n&@r1 no"&, '#no

!& t&n@18o' !& &'t1r 6&n#&nt&' & n!&'tro 8$?#( 6or '# &t&"t18o'

1(@n 8o?#8#&nto 01n"1r#o no nor81( o !n &+81#( no !'!1( & 1(@n

18#@o, o '#86(&8&nt& !n1 #81@&n !& no' 61r&"& @r1"#o'1 6&ro !& no'

6!&& tr1&r 8!"o' 6ro0(&81' Lo' "#0&r&(#to' ?1n "180#1no : "11

?& 'on 8>' 'o)#'t#"1o' Aor1 6!&&n 1t1"1r 1 8!(t#t! & "!&nt1' o

!'!1r#o' 8!n#1(&' o 1"&r !& t F"on "ono"#8#&nto o '#n "ono"#8#&nto

'&1' 61rt5"#6& o #n"(!'o &( 6r#n"#61( 1"tor & !n 1"to &(#"t#?o #@#t1(

S#n &801r@o &n &( M!no G(o01(#1o 't&n (o' &no8#n1o' C#0&r

Tr#0!n1(&', Un C#0&r+tr#0!n1( &' !n $r@1no 61r1 (1 r&'o(!"#$n & "on)(#"to'or#@#n1o' &n &( !'o & Int&rn&t E' !n $r@1no & r&'o(!"#$n & "on)(#"to'

: "ontro?&r'#1' o"!rr#1' &n : 6or &( !'o & Int&rn&t !& )o8&nt1 (1

Con"#(#1"#$n &ntr& (1' 61rt&' : &( Ar0#tr12& "o8o 8o & r&'o(!"#$n &

"on)(#"to' : &' "o86&t&nt& &n t&81' & D&r&"o In)or8>t#"o

E' ?>(#o 'o't&n&r !& 1!&( 8o & 'o(!"#$n & "on)(#"to' "on't#t!:&

!n1 r181 1!t$no81 &( &r&"o @(o01( &8&r@&nt&

R&'!(t1 "o8n 1)#r81r !& (1 @(o01(#1"#$n 1 ((&@1o 61r1 !&1r'&

#n't1(11 &n &( 8!no P&ro 1n no r&'!(t1 "(1ro "$8o &' !& (1

@(o01(#1"#$n 6!&& '&r o02&to & "(1'#)#"1"#$n ! or@1n#1"#$n "on"&6t!1(

T186o"o !&1 "(1ro '# (1 @(o01(#1"#$n 161r&21 8>' 6ro !& "ontr1 o

?#"&?&r'1 Co8o &' n1t!r1(, &'t1' !1' '!r@&n 8#&ntr1' '& '#@!&n

81nt&n#&no (o' 61r1#@81'"!(t!r1(&' : 6o(5t#"o' &'tr!"t!r1o' 1 61rt#r
http://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/paradigmas/paradigmas.shtml#quesonhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/paradigmas/paradigmas.shtml#queson


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& (1 "on"&6"#$n )!n1"#on1( : or#@#n1(8&nt& r&n1"&nt#'t1 &( E't1o

8o&rno

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