bdwbu 4 bdwbu 4 kvk mewr i d‡ji †cvkvi ey©bv i `gb ......bdwbu 4 kvk mewr i d‡ji †cvkvi...

BDwbU 4 kvK mewR I d‡ji †cvKvi eY©bv I `gb

Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq mewR AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq| evsjv‡`‡ki AvenvIqv mewR Pv‡li

Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ Dc‡hvMx| ZvB GLv‡b mviv eQi‡B bvbv Rv‡Zi mewRi Pvl n‡q _v‡K|

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb cÖavb mewR¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †e¸b, Avjy, U‡g‡Uv, evav Kwc, dzj Kwc, WvUv, g~jv,

mxg, cUj, wPwP½v, jvD, wgwó Kzgov, Pvj Kzgov, BZ¨vw` cÖavb| evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU 5.50 j¶

GKi Rwg‡Z mewRi Pvl nq|

Ab¨vb¨ dm‡ji b¨vq mewRI wewfbœ cÖRvwZi KxUcZ½ Øviv gv‡V AvµvšÍ nq| G me †cvKvi

Avµg‡Y cÖwZ eQi wecyj cwigvY mewR bó nq| AvenvIqv AbyK‚‡j _vKvi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡k

KxUcZ½ ª̀yZ esk we Í̄vi K‡i _v‡K| wewfbœ cÖKvi †cvKv-gvKo Øviv evsjv‡`‡k kvK-mewRi

12-30% ¶wZ nq e‡j wi‡cvU© cvIqv hvq| cÖwZ eQi KxUcZ‡½i Avµg‡Yi d‡j evsjv‡`‡k

cÖvq 2 jvL Ub mewR bó nq|

kvK mewRi b¨vq djI Avgv‡ì wbZ¨ w`‡bi Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq| dj AZ¨šÍ

Dcv‡`q I cywóKi Lv`¨| evsjv‡`‡k 2.5 j¶ GKi Rwg‡Z wewfbœ cÖKvi d‡ji Pvl nq| Avg,

Rvg, wjPz, Kjv, Avbvim, †cqviv, bvwi‡Kj, †cu‡c, ZigyR, dzwU, Kgjv BZ¨vw` cÖavb cÖavb

dj¸wji g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg|

evsjv‡`‡ki djI wewfbœ cÖKvi KxUcZ½ Øviv AvµvšÍ nq| wewfbœ cÖRvwZi †cvKv dj Mv‡Qi

wewfbœ ¯Í‡i AvµgY K‡i| Mv‡Qi Pviv Ae ’̄v †_‡K ïiæ K‡i eq¯‹ MvQ meB †cvKv Øviv AvµvšÍ

nq| G me †cvKv dj Mv‡Qi cvZv, KvÛ, WMv, Kzuwo, dzj Ges dj BZ¨vw` AvµgY K‡i|

†cvKvi Avµg‡Y evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZ eQi wecyj cwigvY dj bó n‡q hvq|

G BDwb‡U cÖavb cÖavb K‡qKwU mewR I d‡ji KwZcq ¶wZKviK †cvKv, Zv‡ì RxebPµ

¶wZi aib I `gb BZ¨vw` wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

cvV 4.1 U‡g‡Uv, dzjKwc I evav Kwci †cvKvi msMÖn I `gb

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb ■ U‡g‡Uvi Rve‡cvKvi RxebPµ, ¶wZi aib Ges `gb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| ■ dzjKwci weQv‡cvKvi RxebPµ, ¶wZi aib Ges cÖwZKvi m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z I wjL‡Z

cvi‡eb|

■ evuav Kwci myiæB †cvKv I evuav Kwci cÖRvcwZi RxebPµ, ¶wZi aib Ges `gb eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

U‡g‡Uvi †cvKv

evsjv‡`‡ki K‡qKwU cÖRvwZi †cvKv U‡g‡Uv‡K AvµgY K‡i| G‡ì g‡a¨ U‡g‡Uvi Rve‡cvKv,

U‡g‡Uvi dj †Q`K †cvKv, U‡g‡Uvi QvZiv †cvKv cÖf…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|

U‡g‡Uvi Rve‡cvKv (Tomato aphid)

BDwbU 4

kvK mewR I d‡ji

†cvKvi eY©bv I `gb

dm‡ji †cvKvgvKo I Bu ỳi `gb

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 104

ˆeÁvwbK bvg t Aphis craccivora Koch eM©t †nwg‡Þiv

GwU‡K evsjv‡`‡k U‡g‡Uvi gyL¨ AwbóKvix †cvKv wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| G Qvov AviI cvuPwU

cÖRvwZi Rve‡cvKv, †hgb Geoica lucifugus Z., Rhopalosiphum maidis, F., Schizaphis minuta Vd Qes, Tetraneura hirsuta (Baker), Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (Sas).

eY©bv I RxebPµ

c~Yv©½ †cvKv cvLvhy³ I cvLvnxb- G `yiK‡giB n‡Z cv‡i| Giv †`L‡Z ¶z`ªvK…wZi| kix‡ii is

Mvp meyR ev ev`vgx| Z‡e cvLvhy³ c~Yv©½ †cvKvi is KLbI KLbI Kv‡jvI n‡Z cv‡i| ¿̄x

†cvKv AcysRwbZfv‡e 10-12 w`‡bi g‡a¨ 8-30wU ev”Pv cÖme Ki‡Z cv‡i| Aí eq¯‹ wbç¸‡jv

ev`vgx i‡Oi _v‡K| wbç¸‡jv c~Y© eq¯‹ Rve‡cvKvq cwiYZ n‡Z 5-8 w`b mgq jv‡M| wbç

Ae¯’vq Giv 4 evi †Lvjm e`jvq| cvLvnxb ¯¿x Rve‡cvKv 24 N›Uvi g‡a¨ ev”Pv cÖme Ki‡Z

ïiæ K‡i †`q| Giv mviv eQiB esk e„w× K‡i|

¶wZi aib

Giv wbç Ges c~Y©eq¯‹ †cvKv Df‡qB Mv‡Qi big Ask, we‡kl K‡i cvZv I kvLv-cÖkvLv n‡Z

im †kvlY K‡i Lvq| Giv `je×fv‡e cÖPzi msL¨K †cvKv GK mv‡_ _v‡K Ges im †kvlY K‡i|

AvµvšÍ cvZv¸wj KzuK‡o hvq Ges weeY© n‡q hvq| Avµg‡bi gvÎv Lye †ewk n‡j Mv‡Qi e„w× eÜ

n‡q hvq Ges WMvi Ask eøvBU †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q|

U‡g‡Uv QvovI G †cvKv Pxbv ev`vg Mv‡Qi gvivZ¥K ¶wZ K‡i _v‡K| ZvB GwU‡K Pxbv ev`v‡gi

cÖavb AwbóKvix †cvKv wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq|

cÖwZKvi

1| cÖwZ †n±i Rwg‡Z 500 wg. wj. WvB‡g‡_v‡qU 40 Bwm A_ev cvi‡dKw_qb 40 Bwm A_ev

iw·qY 40 Bwm A_ev †W‡db 40 Bwm, 200 wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q †¯úÖ Ki‡Z n‡e| G

wnmv‡e cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2 wg. wj. KxUbvkK wgkv‡Z n‡e|

2| cÖwZ †n±i Rwg‡Z 454 wg. wj. Gbw_IYj 217 wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

dzjKwci †cvKv

dzjKwci weQv‡cvKv (Couliflower caterpillar) ˆeÁvwbK bvgt Spodoptera litura Fabricius eM©t †jwc‡Wv‡Þiv

Spodoptera litura evsjv‡`‡k dzj Kwci cÖavb AwbóKvix †cvKv wnmv‡e MY¨| GwU GKwU eû‡fvRx cZ½| dzjKwc Qvov G †cvKv evuav Kwc, Pxbvev`vg, Avjy, †Rvqvi, Pxbvev`vg, ZvgvK,

cvU BZ¨vw` dm‡jiI ¶wZ K‡i _v‡K|

eY©bv I Rxeb Pµ

c~Y© eq¯‹ †cvKv n‡jv GKwU g_| g_ ev`vgx i‡Oi| mvg‡bi cvLv ev`vgx Ges wcQ‡bi cvLv

wKQyUv mv`v‡U| cÖwZ cvLvq wZbwU Kv‡jv Qvc I K‡qKwU K‡i mv`v `vM _v‡K ( wPÎ 4.1)| ¿̄x

†cvKv Mv‡Qi cvZvi D‡ëvw`‡K wWg cv‡o| Giv Mvu`v K‡i wWg c‡o| cÖwZwU Mv`vq 350 †_‡K

550wU wWg _vK‡Z cv‡i| wWg¸wj mv`v‡U is‡qi| ZvcgvÎvi ZviZg¨ †f‡` 3-7 w`‡bi g‡a¨

wWg dz‡U k~KKxU †ei n‡q Av‡m| k~KKx‡Ui DcwifvM Kvj‡P i‡Oi| c~b©Zv cÖvß k~KKxU¸‡jv

U‡g‡Uvi Rve‡cvKvi wbç

Ges c~Y©eq¯‹ †cvKv Df‡qB

Mv‡Qi big Ask, we‡kl K‡i

cvZv I kvLv-cÖkvLv n‡Z im

†kvlY K‡i Lvq|

mvg‡bi cvLv ev`vgx Ges

wcQ‡bi cvLv wKQyUv mv`v‡U|

cÖwZ cvLvq wZbwU Kv‡jv Qvc

I K‡qKwU K‡i mv`v `vM _v‡K|

kvK mewR I d‡ji †cvKvi eY©bv I `gb

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 105

meyR i‡Oi| Giv j¤̂vq cÖvq 38 wg. wg. ch©šÍ n‡q _v‡K| †`‡ni cvk¦©‡`‡k ỳÕmvwi mv`v †dvuUv

Av‡Q| Pjvi mgq k~KKxU¸‡jv Z‡ì kix‡ii mvg‡bi Ask‡K †Rvu‡Ki gZ cwiPvwjZ K‡i|

k~KKxU Ae ’̄vq 3-6 mßvn KvUvq| Gici Giv gvwU‡Z P‡j hvq Ges †mLv‡b Ni ˆZwi K‡i Zvi

g‡a¨ g~KKx‡U cwiYZ nq| g~KKxU Ae¯’vq 7 w`b KvUv‡bvi ci c~Y© eq¯‹ g_ †ei n‡q Av‡m|

c~Y© eq¯‹ g_ 4-6 w`b ‡eu‡P _v‡K| eQ‡i G †cvKv 4-6 wU cÖRb¥ ˆZwi K‡i|

wPÎ 4.1 dzjKwci weQv †cvKvt (K) cvZvq wWg, (L) k~KKxU, (M) I (N) c~Y© eq¯‹ g_|

¶wZi aib

G †cvKvi Kxov dzjKwc Mv‡Qi KwP cvZv †L‡q bó K‡i| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq Giv Mv‡Qi KwP

KvÛ I dz‡j MZ© K‡i Lvq|

cÖwZKvi

1| Avµg‡bi gvÎv Kg n‡j wW‡gi Mvu`v Ges Kxov Øviv AvµvšÍ cvZv I WMv msMÖn K‡i

G¸‡jv‡K bó K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e A_ev gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z †dj‡Z n‡e|

2| Avµg‡bi gvÎv AZ¨šÍ †ewk n‡j, ivmvqwbK KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ wjUvi

cvwb†Z 1 wg. wj. wWc‡U‡i· 50 Bwm A_ev wjevwmW 50 Bwm A_ev mywgw_qb 50 Bwm,

wgwk‡q Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

evuavKwci †cvKv

evuavKwci myiæB †cvKv (Diamond back moth) êÁvwbK bvgt Plutella xylostella L. eM©t †jwW‡Wv‡Þiv

G †cvKv evsj‡`‡k evuav Kwc I dzjKwci cvZv †L‡q bó K‡i| G †cvKv mviv c„w_exe¨vwc

we Í̄…Z| G Qvov Giv mwilvi cvZvI †L‡q _v‡K|

eY©bv I Rxeb Pµ

Giv AvKv‡i AZ¨šÍ †QvU| †cvKvi g‡_i is QvB A_ev ev`vgx (wPÎ 4.2)| mvg‡bi cvLvq mv`v

i‡Oi GKwU ¶z`ª `vM Av‡Q| ¿̄x g_ cvZvi wb‡Pi w`‡K Mvu`v K‡i A_ev GKwU GKwU K‡i wWg

cv‡o| wW‡gi iO njy` Ges G¸‡jv †`L‡Z wc‡bi gv_vi gZ| GKwU ¿̄x g_ †gvU 18-356 wU

wWg cv‡o| wWg dz‡U ev”Pv †ei n‡Z 2.5 w`b n‡Z 9.0 w`b mgq jv‡M| Kxov Ae ’̄vq G‡ì

4wU Í̄i Av‡Q| m`¨RvZ Kxov¸‡jv cvZvi wb‡Pi w`‡Ki Kjvi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges myo½ K‡i

†L‡Z _v‡K| G mgq Kv‡jv i‡Oi gj †`‡L Kxovi Ae¯’vb †ei Kiv hvq| wØZxq Í̄‡ii mgq

weQv †cvKvi Kxov dzjKwc

Mv‡Qi KwP cvZv †L‡q bó K‡i|

myiæB †cvKvi m`¨RvZ

Kxov¸‡jv cvZvi wb‡Pi

w`‡Ki Kjvi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i

Ges myo½ K‡i †L‡Z _v‡K|

G mgq Kv‡jv i‡Oi gj †`‡L

Kxovi Ae ’̄vb †ei Kiv hvq|



MZ©̧ ‡jv †ek ¯úó nq| Z…Zxq Í̄‡i Giv myo‡½i evB‡i G‡m †L‡Z _v‡K Ges PZz_© ¯Í‡i cvZv

wb‡Pi Ask †_‡K Lvq| G †cvKvi Kxov¸‡jv AZ¨šÍ Abyf‚wZcÖeY| evB‡ii †Kv‡bv

wPÎ 4.2 evuav Kwci myiæB †cvKvt (K) k~KKxU, (†L) c~Y© eq¯‹ g_

wKQyi ¯úk© †c‡jB Giv g„Zer fvb K‡i Rwg‡Z c‡o _v‡K| k~KKxU Ae¯’v †k‡l Giv †KvKzb

ˆZwi K‡i Zvi wfZ‡i g~KKx‡U cwiYZ nq| g~KKxU Kvj 17-25

oC ZvcgvÎvq 4-5 w`b ’̄vqx nq| c~Yv©½ g_ 20 w`‡bi †ewk mgq †eu‡P _v‡K| eQ‡i Giv K‡qKwU cÖRb¥ ˆZwi K‡i|

¶wZi aib

myiæB †cvKvi Kxov evuavKwc I dzjKwci cvZv Lvq| Giv dzjKwc I evuavKwci ga¨ As‡ki

cvZv I Ab¨vb¨ cvZv Lvq| G‡ì LvIqvi d‡j cvZv Rv‡ji gZ SvuSiv n‡q hvq Ges gvby‡li

LvIqvi Abyc‡hvMx n‡q c‡o| AvMó †m‡Þ¤‡̂i evuavKwc ev dzjKwc jvMv‡j G †cvKvi e¨vcK

AvµgY n‡Z cv‡i|

cÖwZKvi

1| evuavKwc I dzjKwc Zz‡j †bevi ci Rwg‡Z c‡o _vKv WMv I cuPv cvZv ¸‡jv cywo‡q

†dj‡Z n‡e|

2| Rwg‡Z ev Zvi Av‡k cv‡k µwm‡dwi cwiev‡ii AvMvQv _vK‡j Zv aŸsm K‡i †dj‡Z

n‡e|

3| AvµgY e¨vcK n‡j KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| G †cvKv gvivi Rb¨ A‡bK KxUbvkK

mycvwik Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZ †n±i Rwg‡Z 1235 wg. wj. WvqvwRbb 60 B.wm. A_ev

wjevwmW 50 Bwm 1235 wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j G †cvKv gviv hvq| A_ev

mywgw_qb, g¨vjvw_qb, dwjw_qb Ges G‡Kvw_q‡bi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU KxUbvkK 1135 wg.

wj. wb‡q 1135 wg. wj. cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q cÖ‡hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

evuavKwci cÖRvcwZ (Cabbage butter fly) êÁvwbK bvgt Pieris brassicae L eM©t †jwc‡Wv‡Þiv

GwU evsjv‡`‡ki evuavKwci cÖavb ¶wZKviK †cvKv wnmv‡e MY¨| GQvovI G †cvKv dzjKwc,

IjKwc, g~jv cÖf…wZi cvZv Lvq|

eY©bv I RxebPµ

myiæB †cvKv dzjKwc I

evuavKwci ga¨ As‡ki cvZv

I Ab¨vb¨ cvZv Lvq| G‡ì

LvIqvi d‡j cvZv Rv‡ji gZ

SvuSiv n‡q hvq|



c~Y© eq¯‹ Ae¯’vq G †cvKv GKwU cÖRvcwZ (wPÎ 4.3)| ¯¿x cÖRvcwZ Mv`v K‡i wWg cv‡o|

GKwU ¿̄x cÖRvcwZ †gvU 165wU ch©šÍ wWg cv‡o|

wPÎ 4.3 evuav Kwci cÖRvcwZ

wWg¸‡jv njy` i‡Oi| wWg¸‡jv mvaviYZ cvZvi Dc‡i ev wb‡Pi c„‡ô cv‡o| wWg dz‡U k~KKxU

†ei n‡Z ZvcgvÎv †f‡` 3-17 w`b mgq jv‡M| Kxov¸‡jv 5wU avc AwZµg K‡i 15-40 w`‡b

c~Y©Zv cÖvß nq| Gici k~KKxU¸‡jv g~KKx‡U cwiYZ nq| k~KKxU Ae ’̄vi †gqv` ZvcgvÎv

†f‡` 7-28 w`b ’̄vqx nq| c~Y© eq¯‹ cÖRvcwZ 3-13 w`b evu‡P| A‡±vei gvm †_‡K GwcÖj gvm

ch©šÍ G †cvKv 4wU cÖRb¥ ˆZwi K‡i|

¶wZi aib

G †cvKvi k~KKxU †cUz‡Ki gZ evavKwc I Ab¨vb¨ mewRi cvZv I WMv Lvq| Gi d‡j Mv‡Qi

e„w× gvivZ¥Kfv‡e e¨vnZ nq| dzjKwc I evavKwci gv_v †QvU n‡q hvq A_ev gv_v euv‡abv|

cÖwZKvi

1| Rwg‡K AvMvQvgy³ ivL‡Z n‡e|

2| dmj msMÖ‡ni wZb mßvn c~‡e© cÖwZ †n±i AvµvšÍ Rwg‡Z 700 wg. wj. WvqvwRbb 60 Bwm

KxUbvkK 112 wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Abykxjb (Activity) t Avcbvi GjvKvq U‡g‡Uvi Rve‡cvKvi AvµgY †Kgb nq? dzjKwci weQv‡cvKvi Ges evuavKwci myiæB †cvKvi ¶wZi aib eY©bv Kiæb|

mvigg© t U‡g‡Uv, dzjKwc Ges evuavKwc‡Z AvµgYKvix †cvKv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ U‡g‡Uvi

Rve‡cvKv, dzjKwci weQv †cvKv Ges evuavKwci myiæB †cvKv cÖavb AwbóKvix †cvKv wnmv‡e

we‡ewPZ| U‡g‡Uvi AvµgYKvix 6wU cÖRvwZi Rve‡cvKvi g‡a¨ Aphis craccivora K. †ewk ¶wZKi| G †cvKv Mv‡Qi wewfbœ big Ask n‡Z im †kvlY K‡i Lvq| AvµvšÍ cvZv weeY© nq

I KzuP‡K hvq| AvµgY Zxeª n‡j Mv‡Qi e„w× eÜ n‡q hvq| dzjKwci weQv‡cvKvi Kxov

Mv‡Qi KwP cvZv †L‡q aesm K‡i| evuavKwci myiæB †cvKvi Kxov dzjKwc I evuavKwci cvZv

Lvq| G †cvKvq LvIqvi d‡j cvZv Rv‡ji gZ SvuSiv n‡q hvq I gvby‡li LvIqvi

Abyc‡hvMx n‡q c‡o|

cÖRvcwZi Avµg‡b dzjKwc

I evavKwci gv_v †QvU n‡q

hvq A_ev gv_v euv‡abv|



cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 4.1

1| mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK ( ) wPý w`b|

K) KxUcZ‡½i Avµg‡Y evsjv‡`‡k kvK mewRi kZKiv KZ fvM ¶wZ nq?

i) 5-6% ii) 7-10% iii) 10-12% iv) 12-30%

L) †Kvb& †cvKvwU Mv‡Qi wewfbœ Ask n‡Z im †kvlY K‡i?

i) U‡g‡Uvi Rve‡cvKv ii) evuavKwci myiæB †cvKv iii) dzjKwci weQv‡cvKv iv) euvavKwci cÖRvcwZ

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÕmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÕwgÕ wjLyb|

K. U‡g‡Uvi Rve‡cvKvi kix‡ii is Mvp meyR ev ev`vgx|

L. evuavKwci myiæB †cvKvi Kxov dzjKwci cvZv Lvq bv|

3| ïb¨¯’vb c~iY Kiæb|

K. evsjv‡`‡k KxU cZ‡½i Avµg‡Y cÖwZ eQi ...... Ub mewR bó nq|

L. dzjKwci weQv‡cvKvi ˆeÁvwbK bvg ................|

4| GK K_vq ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b|

K. †Kvb& †cvKv‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z WvqgÛ e¨vK g_ e‡j?

L. †Kvb& †cvKvi Avµg‡Y Mv‡Qi cvZv Rv‡ji gZ SvuSiv n‡q hvq?



cvV 4.2 †e¸b I mx‡gi ¶wZKi †cvKvi eY©bv I `gb|

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb ■ †e¸‡bi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKvi RxebPµ, ¶wZi aib Ges cÖwZKvi m¤ú‡K©

Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

■ KvUv‡j †cvKvi Rxeb Pµ I ¶wZi bg~bv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| ■ KvUv‡j †cvKvi `gb m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb| ■ mx‡gi Rve‡cvKvi Rxeb Pµ, ¶wZi aib Ges cÖwZKvi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z

cvi‡eb|

■ mx‡gi MvÜx †cvKvi RxebPµ, ¶wZi aib Ges `gb m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

†e¸‡bi †cvKv

†e¸b evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU DrK…ó I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mewR| gv‡V G mewR cÖvq 15-16wU cÖRvwZi

†cvKv-gvKo `¦viv AvµvšÍ nq| evsjv`‡k †e¸b Pv‡li GKwU cÖavb mgm¨v n‡jv †cvKv-gvKo|

†e¸‡b AvµgYKvix †cvKvi g‡a¨ †e¸‡bi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKv (Brinjal shoot and fruit borer), KvUv‡j †cvKv (Epilachna beetle), cvZv †gvov‡bv †cvKv (Leaf roller), KvUzB †cvKv (Cut worm) Ges DoP‚½v (Field cricket) cÖf…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|

†e¸‡bi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKv (Brinjal shoot and fruit borer) êÁvwbK bvgt Leucinodes orbonalis eM©t †jwc‡Wv‡Þiv

evsjv‡`‡k G †cvKv †e¸‡bi gvivZ¥K ¶wZ K‡i _v‡K| G †cvKv †e¸b QvovI †mvjv‡bwm

cwievif‚³ Ab¨vb¨ mewR, †hgb AvjyiI ¶wZ K‡i|

eY©bv I RxebPµ

c~Y©eq¯‹ g_ a~mi ev`vgx| cvLvi is mv`v‡U Ges cvLvq †Mvjvcx (Pinkish) `vM Av‡Q| ¿̄x g_ Mv‡Qi wewfbœ As‡k †hgb, cvZvi wb‡P, dz‡ji Kuzwo, d‡ji e„wZ ev WMvq wWg cv‡o| Giv

wWg¸wj GKwU GKwU K‡i A_ev Mvu`v K‡i cv‡o| GKwU g_ M‡o 250wU wWg cv‡o| wWg dz‡U

k~KKxU †ei n‡Z MÖx®§Kv‡j 3-5 w`b Ges kxZKv‡j 7-8 w`b mgq jv‡M| wWg dz‡U †ei nevi

ci Kxov¸‡jv WMv, dzj I dj wQ ª̀ K‡i wfZ‡i †Xv‡K Af¨šÍixb Ask †L‡q eo n‡Z _v‡K|

k~KKxU Ae¯’vi †gqv` MÖx®§K‡j 12-15 w`b Ges kxZKv‡j 22 w`b ch©šÍ ¯’vqx nq| k~KKxU 8-

9 wg. wg. j¤̂v nq| Giv cÖvK g~KKxU (Prepupal stage) Ae ’̄vq 3-4 w`b _v‡K| Giv †bŠKv AvK…wZi (Boat shaped) †KvKzb ˆZwi K‡i Zvi wfZ‡i g~KKx‡U cwiYZ nq| g~KKxU Ae¯’vq 7-15 w`b KvUv‡bvi ci c~Y©eq¯‹ g_ †ei n‡q Av‡m| c~Yv©½ †cvKv 2-5 w`b evu‡P|

¶wZi aib

G †cvKvi Kxov¸‡jv WMv wQ ª̀ K‡i wfZ‡ii Kjvmg~n Lvq| d‡j WMvi Kjv bó n‡q hvq Ges

¯v̂fvweKfv‡e Mv‡Qi Lv`¨ PjvPj eÜ n‡q hvq| G‡Z K‡i wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ Mv‡Qi WMv ïwK‡q

hvq Ges cvk¦© n‡Z bZzb kvLv-cÖkvLv MRvq| G Kvi‡Y †e¸b Mv‡Q mgqgZ dj a‡ibv| Mv‡Q

dj ai‡Z ïiæ Ki‡j G‡ì AvµgY d‡ji g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡K| †cvKvi Kxov¸‡jv dj wQ ª̀

K‡i wfZ‡i ‡Xv‡K| †mLv‡b Giv d‡ji Af¨šÍixb Kjv (tissue) †L‡q eo n‡Z _v‡K (wPÎ 4.4)| G‡ì Avµg‡Yi d‡j dj LvIqvi Abychy³ n‡q hvq Ges evRvi ì gvivZ¥Kfv‡e K‡g

hvq| Avµg‡Yi gvÎv †ewk n‡j dj S‡i c‡o| A‡bK mgq MvQ gviv hvq| G †cvKvi Avµg‡Y

†e¸‡bi WMv I d‡ji †cvKvi Kxov¸‡jv WMv wQ`ª

K‡i wfZ‡ii Kjvmg~n Lvq|

d‡j WMvi Kjv bó n‡q hvq

Ges ¯̂vfvweKfv‡e Mv‡Qi

Lv`¨ PjvPj eÜ n‡q hvq|



kZKvi 12-16 fvM WMv Ges 20-64% †e¸b Avµv›Z nq| MÖx®§ I kirKv‡j G‡`i AvµgY

†ewk nq|

wPÎ 4.4 †e¸‡bi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKv| (K) c~Y© eq¯‹ g_, (L) k~KKxU, (M) AvµvšÍ †e¸b|

cÖwZKvi

1| AvµvšÍ WMv I dj †`Lv †M‡j Zv wQ‡o Kxov¸‡jv‡K †g‡i †dj‡Z n‡e|

2| †e¸‡bi ‡¶Z me mgq cwi¯‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z G †cvKv giv I ïK‡bv cvZvq

Avkªq wb‡Z bv cv‡i|

3| Mv‡Q dj Avmvi ci cÖengvb (systemic) KxUbvkK evenvi bv KivB DËg| cÖwZ wjUvi

cvwb‡Z 1 wg. wj. GK‡UwjK 50 Bwm ev b fvµb 40 Gm,wm WweD wgwk‡q †¯úÖ K‡i G †cvKv gviv hvq| †n±i cÖwZ 1000 wjUvi KxUbvkK wgwkªZ cvwb e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|

KvUv‡j †cvKv (Epilachna beetle) ‰eÁvwbK bvgt Epilachna dodecastigma M

Epilachna vigintioctopuncta F eM©t KwjI‡Þiv

G †cvKvi ỳÕwU cÖRvwZ evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ mewRi ¶wZ K‡i _v‡K| Bs‡iwR‡Z G †cvKv Hadda beetle bv‡g cwiwPZ| Dfq †cvKvi RxebPµ, ¯̂fve Ges ¶wZi aib †gvUvgywU GKB iKg| Giv eû‡fvRx †cvKv|

eY©bv I RxebPµ

Epilachna dodecastigma weU‡ji cÖ‡Z¨K BjvBUªv‡Z 6wU K‡i Kv‡jv †MvjvKvi †dvuUv Av‡Q Ges Dfq BjvBUªv‡Z †gvU 12wU †dvuUv Av‡Q| G Rb¨ G †cvKv Epilachna 12-punctata bv‡gI cwiwPZ Dodecastigama A_© 12 †dvuUv| G cÖRvwZi is Mvp Zvgv‡U Ges BjvBUªvi AMÖfvM †MvjvK…wZi| Epilachna vigintioctopuctata Gi cÖ‡Z¨K BjvBUªv‡Z 14wU K‡i Dfq BjvBUªv‡Z †gvU 28wU Kv‡jv †MvjvKvi †dvuUv Av‡Q| GRb¨B G †cvKv‡K Epilachna 28-punctata ejv nq (wPÎ 4.5)|

¯¿x weUj cvZvi wecixZ w`‡K wWg cv‡o| wWg¸wj njy` i‡Oi| GKwU ¿̄x †cvKv Zvi m¤ú~Y©

Rxe‡b 120-180wU wWg cv‡o| wWg¸wj †`L‡Z njy` is‡Oi Ges 2-5 w`‡bi g‡a¨ wWg dz‡U

k~KKxU ev MÖve †ei nq| MÖv‡ei is njy` Ges †`n †QvU †QvU KvuUv (Spine) Øviv Ave„Z _v‡K| ïKKxU Ae ’̄vq 12-18 w`b KvUvq| g~KKxU Zvi m¤ú~Y© Rxeb Kvj cvZvq ev WMvi Dc‡ii

Epilachna dodecastigma weU‡ji cÖ‡Z¨K BjvBUªv‡Z

6wU K‡i Kv‡jv †MvjvKvi

†dvuUv Av‡Q Ges Dfq BjvB-

Uªv‡Z †gvU 12wU †dvuUv Av‡Q|

G Rb¨ G †cvKv Epilachna 12-punctata bv‡gI cwiwPZ



As‡k m¤úbœ K‡i| g~KKxU Kvj 3-6 w`b ’̄vqx nq| G ‡cvKvi RxebPµ m¤úbœ n‡Z MÖx®§K‡j

18-25 w`b Ges kxZKv‡j 50 w`b jv‡M| eQ‡i Giv 7wU cÖRb¥ ˆZwi K‡i|

wPÎ 4.5 KvUv‡j †cvKv| (K) 12 †dvuUv wewkó KvUv‡j †cvKv, (L) 28 †dvuUv wewkó KvUv‡j †cvKv|

¶wZi aib

c~Y©eq¯‹ †cvKv Ges k~KKxU, Dfq Ae ’̄v‡ZB Giv Mv‡Qi ¶wZK‡i _v‡K| Giv †mvjv‡bwm

cwiev‡ii wewfbœ mewR, †hgb, †e¸b, U‡g‡Uv, †MvjAvjy, wKDKviwe‡Uwm cwiev‡ii Kzgov,

wS‡O, Kijv Ges Ab¨vb¨ mewR †hgb mxg I †Mv‡gvUi cÖf‚wZi ¶wZ mvab K‡i| G †cvKv

Mv‡Qi cvZvi ewntZ¡‡Ki (Epidermis) †K¬v‡ivwdj Lvq Ges cvZv‡K Rv‡ji b¨q SvSiv K‡i †d‡j| AvµvšÍ cvZv ïwK‡q hvq| G‡Z Mv‡Qi e„w× K‡g hvq| Avµg‡bi gvÎv AwaK n‡j MvQ

gviv †h‡Z cv‡i|

cÖwZKvi

1| Avµg‡bi cÖv_wgK Ae ’̄vq cvZvmn wW‡gi Mv`v ev †cvKvi MÖve nvZ w`‡q Zz‡j aŸsm K‡i

†djv GKwU DËg `gb eë¯’v|

2| †e¸‡bi gvV m¤ú~Y© cwi¯‹vi I AvMvQvgy³ ivL‡Z n‡e|

3| Avµg‡Yi gvÎv †ewk n‡j bMm 100 Bwm 560 wg. wj. 1112 wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q A_ev

WvqvwRbb 60 Bwm 900 wg. wj. 570 wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q cÖwZ †n±i Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvM

Ki‡Z n‡e|

mx‡gi †cvKv

mxg evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖavb mewR| Ab¨vb¨ mewRi b¨vq mx‡gI wewfbœ cÖKvi †cvKv

AvµgY K‡i| mx‡g AvµgYKvix †cvKvi g‡a¨ mx‡gi Rve‡cvKv, mx‡gi MvÜx †cvKv, mx‡gi

cvZv myo½Kvix †cvKv, mx‡gi dj †Q`K cÖf…wZ D‡jøL†hvM¨|

mx‡gi Rve‡cvKv (Bean aphid) ‰eÁvwbK bvgt Aphis medicagenis K eM©t †nwg‡Þiv

evsjv‡`‡k Rve‡cvKv mx‡gi GKwU cÖavb AwbóKvix †cvKv wnmv‡e MY¨| Giv mx‡gi gvivZ¥K

¶wZ K‡i _v‡K| mxg QvovI Ab¨vb¨ dm‡j G †cvKv AvµgY K‡i| GwU GKwU me©f‚K

(Omnivorous) †cvKv|

eY©bv I RxebPµ

G †cvKv ¶z`ªvK…wZi Ges ev`vgx A_ev ev`vgx Kv‡jv i‡Oi n‡q _v‡K (wPÎ 4.6)| cvLvnxb ¿̄x

Rve‡cvKv j¤̂vq cÖvq 2.5 wg. wg. nq| G †cvKvi eske„w×i ¶gZv AZ¨šÍ †ewk | G‡ì cÖv_wgK

†QvU K‡jvbx ¿̄x †cvKv Øviv MwVZ nq| Giv Ac~sRwbZ fv‡e esk we¯Ívi K‡i| G‡ì cÖRbb

KvUv‡j †cvKv Mv‡Qi cvZvi

ewntZ¡‡Ki †K¬v‡ivwdj Lvq

Ges cvZv‡K Rv‡ji b¨q

SvSiv K‡i †d‡j|



Kvj 5-8w`b Ges G mg‡qi g‡a¨ Giv 14 evi ev”Pv ev wbç cÖme K‡i| cÖwZev‡i 15-20wU

ev”Pv †`q| wbç¸‡jv c~Y©eq¯‹ †cvKvq cwiYZ n‡Z GK mßvn mgq jv‡M| c~Y©eq¯‹ †cvKv¸‡jv

AwZ ª̀yZ nv‡i eske„w× ïiæ K‡i| cvLvhy³ ¯¿x †cvKv D‡o wM‡q kxZKv‡j fv‡jv Mv‡Q eske„w×

ïiæ K‡i| G‡ì GKwU cÖRb¥ †kl Ki‡Z 8-12 w`b mgq jv‡M| kxZKv‡j Giv †ek K‡qKwU

cÖRb¥ ˆZwi K‡i| AwZ ª̀yZ esk e„w× Kivi Kvi‡Y Giv Lye Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ weivU GjvKvq

Qwo‡q co‡Z cv‡i|

wPÎ 4.6 mx‡gi Rve‡cvKv

¶wZi aib

Giv `je×fv‡e dm‡ji wewfbœ KwP Ask †hgb cvZv, dzj, dz‡ji I d‡ji †evuUv Ges KwP cW

n‡Z im †kvlY K‡i Lvq| im †kvl‡Yi d‡j AvµvšÍ MvQ `~e©j n‡q c‡o Ges cvZv njy` n‡q

hvq| AvµvšÍ Mv‡Q dzj I dj nq bv| Mv‡Q dzj I dj Ae¯’vq G‡ì AvµgY n‡j dz‡ji Kzuwo

Ges KwP dj S‡i c‡o| Avµg‡Yi gvÎv AZ¨šÍ †ewk n‡j KwP WMv gviv hvq| Rve‡cvKv

†gvRvBK fvBivm †iv‡Mi evnK wnmv‡eI KvR K‡i|

1| †jwW evW© weUj bvgK ci‡fvRx †cvKv Ges Gi k~KKxU Rve‡cvKv Lvq| AvµvšÍ Rwg‡Z

G †cvKvi msL¨v e„w×i gva¨‡g Rve‡cvKv‡K `gb Kiv m¤¢e|

2| Mv‡Q hLb mxg bv _v‡K ZLb cÖwZ †n±i Rwg‡Z 560 wg. wj. g¨vjvw_qb 57 Bwm 570

wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q †¯úÖ Ki‡Z n‡e|

mx‡gi MvÜx †cvKv (Bean bug) ‰eÁvwbK bvgt Coptosoma cribrarium F. eM©t †nwg‡Þiv

GwU mx‡gi GKwU cÖavb ¶wZKviK †cvKv| mxg QvovI G †cvKv Liguminaceae cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨ km¨ n‡Z im †kvlY K‡i|

eY©bv I RxebPµ

G †cvKv AvKv‡i †QvU, j¤̂vq 5-6 wg. wg. n‡q _v‡K| Giv †`L‡Z wW¤̂vK…wZi (wPÎ 4.7) Ges

Mv‡qi is meyR| G †cvKvi †cU I cvLv DËj ¯‹z‡Ujg Øviv Ave„Z| ¯¿x †cvKv Mv‡Qi KwP

Wvjcvjvq mvwi K‡i wWg cv‡i| GKwU ¿̄x †cvKv 30 †_‡K 50 wWg cv‡o| wWg¸‡jv cvusï‡U

a~mi (ashy grey) e‡Y©i Ges b·vi gZ my›ì K‡i mvRv‡bv _v‡K| wWg dz‡U wbç †ei n‡Z M‡o 6 w`b mgq jv‡M| wbç¸‡jv †MvjvK…wZi Ges G‡ì is meyR| wbç Ae ’̄vi †gqv` 6 mßvn|

GKevi RxebPµ m¤úbœ Ki‡Z G‡ì cÖvq `yÕgvm mgq jv‡M| c~Yv©½ †cvKv I wbç Df‡qi kixi

†_‡K GK ai‡bi wekªx MÜ †ei nq|

Rve‡cvKv `je×fv‡e dm‡ji

wewfbœ KwP Ask †hgb cvZv,

dzj, dz‡ji I d‡ji †evuUv

Ges KwP cW n‡Z im †kvlY

K‡i Lvq|



wPÎ 4.7 mx‡gi MvÜx‡cvKv

¶wZi aib

Giv mxg Mv‡Qi big Ask Ges mx‡gi cW n‡Z `je×fv‡e im †kvlY K‡i Lvq| d‡j mxg

Mv‡Qi WMv weeY© n‡q hvq| mx‡gi Mv‡q ïo XzwK‡q im †kvlY Kivi d‡j mx‡gi Mv‡q ¶‡Zi

Pvicv‡k ev`vgx `vM nq| mx‡gi exR bó n‡q hvq Ges mx‡gi e„w× K‡g hvq| AvµgY Zxeª

n‡j MvQ †_‡K mxg S‡i hvq Ges Mv‡Q djb Kg nq| mvaviYZ Mv‡Q dzj †dvUvi ci G‡ì

AvµgY †ewk nq|

cÖwZKvi

G †cvKv `g‡bi Rb¨ mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv eë¯’v †bqv nq bv| Z‡e cÖwZ wjUvi cvwb‡Z 2 wg. wj.

g¨vjvw_qb wgwk‡q †¯úÖ Ki‡j G †cvKv `gb Kiv hvq|

Abykxjb (Activity) t Avcbvi GjvKvq †e¸b I mx‡g AvµgYKvix K‡qKwU cZ‡½i bvg wjLyb| †e¸‡bi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKv Ges mx‡gi Rve‡cvKvi ¶wZi aib Ges G‡ì

`g‡bi Dcvq¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|

mvigg© t †e¸b I mx‡g wewfbœ cÖRvwZi †cvKv AvµgY K‡i| †e¸‡bi †cvKvi g‡a¨ WMv I

d‡ji gvRiv †cvKv AZ¨šÍ gvivZœK| G †cvKvi Avµg‡Y kZKiv 20-62 fvM †e¸b bó

n‡Z cv‡i| †cvKvi Avµg‡Yi d‡j †e¸b LvIqvi Abychy³ n‡q hvq| KvUv‡j †cvKv Mv‡Qi

cvZv †L‡q cvZv‡K Rv‡ji gZ SvuSiv K‡i †d‡j| mx‡gi Rve‡cvKv Mv‡Qi wewfbœ big Ask

n‡Z im ï‡q Lvq| G‡ì Avµg‡Y dz‡ji Kzuwo I dj S‡i hvq| Avµg‡Yi gvÎv †ewk n‡j

WMv gviv hvq| mx‡gi MvÜx †cvKv Mv‡Qi KwP Ask, we‡kl K‡i cW n‡Z im †kvlY K‡i

Lvq| AvµgY Zxeª n‡j MvQ †_‡K mxg S‡i hvq|

mx‡gi Mv‡q ïo XzwK‡q im

†kvlY Kivi d‡j mx‡gi Mv‡q

¶‡Zi Pvicv‡k ev`vgx `vM

nq|





K) †e¸‡bi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKvi g_ †Kv_vq wWg cv‡o?

i) cvZvi wb‡P ii) Mv‡Qi †Mvovq iii) †e¸‡bi wfZ‡i iv) gvwU‡Z

L) wb‡æi †Kvb& †cvKvwU Mv‡Qi cvZv †L‡q Rv‡ji gZ K‡i †d‡j?

i) †e¸‡bi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKv| ii) KvUv‡j †cvKv iii) mx‡gi MvÜx †cvKv iv) mx‡gi Rve‡cvKv

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÕmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÕwgÕ wjLyb|

K. †e¸‡bi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKv c~Y© eq¯‹ Ae¯’vq †e¸‡bi ¶wZ K‡i|

L. evsjv‡`‡k KvUv‡j †cvKvi ỳÕwU cÖRvwZ cvIqv hvq|

3| k~b¨®’vb c~iY Kiæb|

K. KvUv‡j †cvKv Mv‡Qi cvZvi ........ Lvq|

L. mx‡gi Rve‡cvKv Mv‡Qi im †kvlY Kiv QvovI ...... fvBivm †iv‡Mi evnK wnmv‡e

KvR K‡i|


K. †Kvb& †cvKv‡K Bs‡iwR Hadda †cvKv e‡j? L. Epilachna dodecastigma Gi cvLvi KqwU Kv‡jv †duvUv Av‡Q?



cvV 4.3 jvD, Kzgov I †Xuo‡mi ¶wZKi †cvKvi eY©bv I `gb

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb ■ Kzgov RvZxq mewRi gvwQ †cvKvi RxebPµ, ¶wZi aib Ges cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq eY©bv

Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

■ Kzgovi jvj weUj †cvKvi RxebPµ, ¶wZi aib Ges cÖwZKvi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

■ †Xuo‡mi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKvi RxebPµ ,¶wZi bgybv Ges cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

jvD I Kzgovi †cvKv

jvD Ges Kzgov evsjv‡`ki AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `yÕwU mewR| G `yÕwU mewR evsjv‡`‡k †ek RbwcÖq|

Ab¨vb¨ mewRi b¨vq jvD Ges Kzgov‡ZI †ek K‡qK cÖRvwZi †cvKv AvµgY K‡i _v‡K| G me

†cvKvi g‡a¨ Kzgov RvZxq mewRi gvwQ †cvKv Ges Kzgovi weUj †cvKv we‡klfv‡e

D‡jøL‡hvM¨|

Kzgov RvZxq mewRi gvwQ †cvKv (Cucurbit fruit fly) êÁvwbK bvgt Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquilett eM©t wW‡Þiv

gvwQ †cvKv Kzgov RvZxq mewRi gvivZ¥K ¶wZ K‡i _v‡K| GwU Qvov gvwQ †cvKvi AviI 6wU

cÖRvwZ G †`‡k cvIqv hvq| G¸‡jv n‡”Q Bactrocera ciliatus (Loew.), Bactrocera diversus C. Bactrocera latiforns Handel, Bactrocera parvulus H. Bactrocera tau Walker Ges Bactrocera zonatus G‡ì g‡a¨ Bactrocera cucurbitae me iK‡gi mewR AvµgY K‡i Ges GwU‡K mewRi gvivZ¥K ¶wZKviK †cvKv wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| GLv‡b ïay Bactrocera cucurbitae †cvKv m¤̂Ü we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

gvwQ †cvKv GKwU eû‡fvRx cZ½| G †cvKv jvD,Kzgov, kkv, Pvj Kzgov, Kijv, wPwP½v,evw½,

ZigyR,w¶iv ay›`yj Ges KuvK‡iv‡ji h‡_ó ¶wZ K‡i|

eY©bv I RxebPµ

Bactrocera cucurbitae Ges Ges Bactrocera ciliatus †`L‡Z cÖvq GKB iKg| c~Y© eq¯K gvwQi is jvj I ev`vgx | ey‡Ki w`‡K nvjKv njy` is Gi evuKv I †mvRv †iLv i‡q‡Q|cvLvi

wKbvivi w`‡K ev`vgx †Qvc Av‡Q| ¿̄x gvwQi †cU miæ Ges G‡ì GKwU aviv‡jv wW¤̂vjK

(Ovipositor) i‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j ¿̄x gvwQ‡K AwZ mn‡RB †Pbv hvq(wPÎ 4.8)| ¿̄x †cvKv KwP d‡ji wfZ‡i wW¤̂övj‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ wQ ª̀ K‡i wWg cv‡o| wWg¸wj †`L‡Z mv`v, b‡ji gZ Ges

GKw`‡K GKUz evuKv _v‡K| cÖwZ wQ‡ ª̀ 1wU Ges †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq 4-10wU wWg cv‡o| GKwU

¯¿x gvwQ †gvU 200wU ch©šÍ wWg cv‡o| wWg dz‡U ev”Pv †ei n‡Z MÖx®§Kv‡j mvaviYZ 18 N›Uv

Ges kZxKv‡j 3-5 w`b mgq jv‡M| Kxov Mi‡gi w`‡b 3 w`‡b Ges kxZKv‡j 2 mßv‡n G‡ì

LvIqv †kl K‡i c~Y©ZvcÖvß nq| c~Y©ZvcÖvß Kxov cÖvq mv`v i‡Oi Ges j¤evq cÖvq 9-10 wg. wg.

Ges cÖ‡ ’̄ 2 wg. wg. n‡q _v‡K| k~KKxU d‡ji Mv‡q wQ ª̀ K‡i †ei n‡q c‡o Ges gvwUi wb‡P

1.3-7.3 †m. wg. MfxiZvq gyKKx‡U cwiYZ nq| Giv cÖvK gyKKxU Ae¯’vq 6-24 N›Uv _v‡K|

gyKKxU †`L‡Z A‡bKUv wW¤evK…wZi Ges is nvjKv ev`vgx| gyKKx‡Ui ˆ`N©̈ 5.5 wg. wg. I cȪ ’

2 wg. wg.| G‡ì kix‡i 11 wU LÛK _v‡K| FZz‡f‡` gyKKxU Ae¯’vq Giv 5-21 w`b ch©šÍ

KvUvq| cyiæl gvwQ 43 w`b Ges ¿̄x gvwQ 54 w`b ch©šÍ †eu‡P _v‡K| G †cvKv erm‡i K‡qKevi

esk we¯Ívi K‡i|

¯¿x †cvKv KwP d‡ji wfZ‡i

wW¤̂övj‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ wQ ª̀ K‡i

wWg cv‡o|



wPÎ 4.8 mewRi gvwQ †cvKvt (K) AvµvšÍ dj (Kijv), (L I M) wWg, (N) k~KKxU, (O) g~KKxU, (P) c~Y© eq¯‹ gvwQ| (Ayyar, 1984 †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q)|

¶wZi aib

gvwQ †cvKv KwP dj ev mewRi wfZ‡i wWg cv‡o | wWg dz‡U †ei nevi ci ïKKxU¸‡jv mewRi

wfZ‡i big Avuk Lvq| Kxov wfZ‡i LvIqvi d‡j dj LvIqvi Abychy³ n‡q c‡o, c‡uP hvq

Ges A‡bK mgq MvQ †_‡K S‡i c‡o| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq ¿̄x gvwQ dz‡ji `jgÛj Ges Ab¨vb¨

¯’v‡bI wWg cv‡o| wWg n‡Z †ei nevi ci Kxov¸‡jv dzj GgbwK Mv‡Qi KvÛ ch©šÍ †L‡q

†d‡j| G †cvKvi Avµg‡bi d‡j Kv‡Û GK cÖKvi ¸wU (Gall) m„wó nq|

G †cvKv Øviv 50% Gi †ewk mewR AvswkK ev m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c ¶wZMȪ Í nq Ges LvIqvi Abyc‡hvMx

n‡q c‡o|

cÖwZKvi

1| kvK mewRi evMvb cwi¯‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e|

2| AvµvšÍ dj msMÖn K‡i gvwUi wb‡P Mfxi MZ© K‡i cyu‡Z †cvKvi k~KKxU aŸsm K‡i

†dj‡Z n‡e|

3| duv` w`‡q c~Y© eq¯K gvwQ msMÖn K‡i †g‡i †dj‡Z n‡e|

4| 60 wg. wj. wWc‡U‡i· 50 Bwm ev wjevwmW 50 Bwm ev dwjw_qb 50 Bwm 11.25 wjUvi

cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Kzgovi jvj weUj †cvKv (Red pumpkin beetle) ˆeÁvwbK bvgt Aulacophora foveicollis Lac. eM©t KwjI‡Þiv

Kzgovi jvj weUj †cvKv evsjv‡`‡k Kzgov RvZxq mewRi GKwU gvivÍK ¶wZKviK †cvKv| G

Qvov AviI `yÕwU cÖRvwZi weUj †cvKv G †`‡k jvD I KzgovRvZxq mewR‡K AvµgY K‡i|

gvwQ †cvKv KwP dj ev

mewRi wfZ‡i wWg cv‡o |

wWg dz‡U †ei nevi ci

ïKKxU¸‡jv mewRi wfZ‡i

big Avuk Lvq|



G¸‡jv n‡jv Aulacophora abdominalis F. Ges Aulacophora frontalis L. Aulacophora abdominalis Gi is Kgjv Ges Aulacophora frontalis Gi is bxj | wZbwU cÖRvwZi Rxeb Pµ, ¶wZi aib Ges `gb e¨e ’̄v GKB| Giv Kzgov RvZxq wewfbœ mewR †hgb, jvD, kkv, wgwó

Kzgov, wSOv, wPwP½v, Kijv, ZigyR KuvK‡ivj cÖf…wZ mewR‡K AvµgY K‡i|

eY©bv I Rxeb Pµ

c~Y©eq¯K †cvKv jvj i‡Oi Ges ga¨g AvK…wZi (wPÎ 4.9)| ¯¿x †cvKv Mv‡Qi †Mvovi wbK‡U

Av`ª© gvwU‡Z GKwU GKwU K‡i ev Muv`v K‡i wWg cv‡o| wWg¸wj wW¤̂vK…wZi Ges njy` i‡Oi|

wWg dz‡U Kxov †ei n‡Z-6-15 w`b mgq jv‡M| k~KKxU ¸‡jv Mv‡Qi wkKo, gvwUi wb‡Pi KvÛ

Ges gvwU msjMœ dj wQ ª̀ K‡i †L‡q eo n‡Z _v‡K| k~KKxU Kv‡ji †gqv` 13-25 w`b| Giv

gvwUi wb‡P 20-25 †m. wg. MfxiZvq GKwU cÖ‡Kv‡ô g~KKx‡U cwiYZ nq| gyKKxU n‡Z 7-17

w`b ci c~Y© eq¯K weUj †ei n‡q Av‡m| GKevi RxebPµ †kl Ki‡Z 26-37 w`b mgq

jv‡M| gvP© n‡Z A‡±ve‡ii g‡a¨ Giv 5wU cÖRb¥ ˆZwi K‡i|

wPÎ 4.9 Kzgovi jvj weUj †cvKv t (K) I (L) k~KKxU, (M) g~KKxU, (N) c~Y©qeq¯‹ †cvKv, (O) †cvKvmn AvµvšÍ

cvZv

¶wZi cÖK…wZ

c~~Y© eq¯K †cvKv Kzgov RvZxq mewRi wewfbœ Mv‡Qi dzj, dj, cvZv we‡kl K‡i ewa©òz Mv‡Qi

cvZv Lvq| Giv cvZvq Amg AvK…wZi †MvjvKvi MZ© K‡i Lvq| A‡bK mgq Giv Ggbfv‡e Lvq

†h, cvZvq ïaygvÎ wkiv Dcwkiv¸‡jv Aewkó _v‡K ev cvZvq RvwjKv ˆZwi nq| G †cvKvi

Kxov gvwU‡Z †j‡M _vKv dj, Mv‡Qi wkKo, gvwUi wb‡Pi KvÛ BZ¨vw`‡Z wQ ª̀ K‡i| Gi d‡j

MvQ †bwZ‡q c‡o Ges gviv hvq|

cÖwZKvi

Kzgovi jvj weUj †cvKv

cvZvq Amg AvK…wZi †Mvjv-

Kvi MZ© K‡i Lvq|



1| AvµvšÍ Mv‡Q QvB wQwU‡q G †cvKv mvgwqKfv‡e `gb Kiv m¤fe|

2| †n±i cÖwZ 1.12 wjUvi WvqvwRbb 60 Bwm A_ev mywgw_qb 50 Bwm cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q

cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

†Xuo‡mi †cvKv

Ab¨vb¨ mewRi b¨vq †Xuo‡mI bvbv cÖRvwZi †cvKv AvµgY K‡i Ges ¶wZ mvab K‡i| †Xuo‡m

AvµgYKvix †cvKv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Xuo‡mi dj I WMvi gvRiv †cvKv, †Xuo‡mi cvZv †kvlK

†cvKv, cvZv †gvov‡bv †cvKv Ges Zzjvi jvj MvÜx †cvKv cÖf…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|

†Xuo‡mi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKv (Ladys finger fruit and shoot borer) ‰eÁvwbK bvgt Earias fabea St. eM©t †jwc‡Wv‡Þiv

GwU evsjv‡`‡k †Xuom Mv‡Qi WMv I d‡ji GKwU cÖavb AbwóKvix †cvKv wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ|

†Xuom Qvov G †cvKv Ab¨vb¨ MvQ we‡kl K‡i Z‚jvi gvivZ¥K ¶wZ K‡i _v‡K| G †cvKvi

k~KKxU †Xuom Mv‡Qi ¶wZ K‡i|

eY©bv I Rxeb Pµ

G †cvKv c~Y© eq¯K Ae ’̄vq GKwU g_ (wPÎ 4.10)| c~Y© eq¯K g_ wekªvgiZ Ae¯’vq 12.50

wg. wg. j¤̂v| g‡_i is nvjKv meyR, mvg‡bi cvLvq GKwU Mvp meyR `vM _v‡K| ¿̄x g_ iv‡Zi

†ejv †Xuom Mv‡Qi big WMv, Kzwo I d‡j GKwU K‡i wWg cv‡o| wWg¸wj AZ¨šÍ †QvU Ges

†`L‡Z D¾¡j bxj i‡Oi| GKwU g_ cÖvq 700 wU wWg cv‡o| wWg dzU‡Z GK mßvn mgq jv‡M|

k~KKxU Ae¯’vq Giv FZz‡f‡` 10-16 w`b KvUvq| k~KKx‡Ui is Mvp ev`vgx, Mv‡q wewfbœ

AvKv‡ii †duvUv ev `vM _v‡K Ges wc‡Vi Dci A‡bK¸‡jv `vM Av‡Q| c~Y©ZvcÖvß k~KKxU j¤̂vq

cÖvq 20 wg. wg. n‡q _v‡K| k~KKx‡Ui 5wU Í̄i Av‡Q| k~KKxU ¸‡jv gqjv ev`vgx (dirty brown) A_ev nj‡` i‡Oi †ikg Øviv †bŠKvK…wZi GKwU †KvKzb ˆZwi K‡i Zvi wfZ‡i g~KKx‡U cwiYZ

nq| g~KKxU¸‡jv‡K Mv‡Q, AveR©bv‡Z ev gvwUi dvU‡j cvIqv hvq| gyKKxU Kvj 8-14 w`b

¯’vqx nq| c~Y©eq¯K g_ 8-12 w`b evu‡P| G †cvKvi GKwU m¤ú~Y© RxebPµ †kl n‡Z cÖvq

GKgvm mgq jv‡M| evsjv‡`‡k G †cvKv eQ‡i 12wU cÖRb¥ ˆZwi K‡i|

wPÎ 4.10 †Xo‡mi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKv t (K) k~KKxU, (L) c~Y©eq¯‹ g_ (Avn‡g` I Rwjj, 1983 †_‡K

†bqv n‡q‡Q)|

¶wZi aib

wWg †_‡K †ei nevi ci G †cvKvi Kxov¸‡jv †Xuom Mv‡Qi big ev KwP WMv, Kzuwo I dj wQ`ª

K‡i wfZ‡i Xz‡K Ges wfZ‡ii big Ask Lvq| G †cvKvq LvIqvi d‡j A‡bK mgq big WMv

†bwZ‡q c‡o| KwuP dj I dz‡ji K‚wuo MvQ †_‡K S‡i hvq|

cÖwZKvi

†Xuo‡mi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv

†cvKvi Kxov¸‡jv †Xuom

Mv‡Qi big ev KwP WMv, Kzuwo

I dj wQ ª̀ K‡i wfZ‡i Xz‡K

Ges wfZ‡ii big Ask Lvq|



1| Rwg‡K cwi¯‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e| Rwgi Av‡k cv‡k weKí †cvlK MvQ (alternate host), we‡klK‡i Z‚jvi Pvl bv Kiv|

2| ciRxwe †cvKv we‡kl K‡i Apanteles sp Ges Trichogramma evanescens West. Gi gva¨‡g G †cvKv Kgv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| ciRxwe †cvKv e¨env‡ii mgq †Kv‡bv ivmvqwbK

KxUbvkK e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv|

3| Avµvš Rwg‡Z wicKW© 10 Bwm mywgw_qb 50 Bwm, ev WvqvwRbb 60 Bwm, 1 wg. wj. A_ev †mwfb 85 Gm,wc 1 MÖvg 1 wjUvi cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Abykxjb (Activity): Avcbvi GjvKvq jvD I Kzgov RvZxq mewR‡Z †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †cvKvi AvµgY †ewk nq? Kzgovi gvwQ †cvKvi 7wU cÖRvwZi bvg wjLyb| Kzgovi jvj weUj †cvKv Ges

†Xuo‡mi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKvi ¶wZi bgybv eY©bv Kiæb|

mvigg©t Kzgovi gvwQ †cvKvi †gvU 7wU cÖRvwZ G‡`‡k cvIqv hvq|G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Bactrocera cucurbitae me‡P‡q gvivZ¥K| G †cvKvi Kxovi Avµg‡Y KwP dj c‡Pu hvq Ges S‡i hvq| Kzgovi jvj weUj †cvKv cyY©v½ Ae¯’vq Mv‡Qi cvZv Lvq| A‡bK mgq Giv cvZv †L‡q cvZv‡K

RvwjKvi gZ K‡i †d‡j| †Xuo‡mi ¶wZKviK †cvKv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKv

Ab¨Zg| G †cvKvi Kxovq LvIqvi d‡j dz‡ji Kuzwo Ges KwP dj MvQ †_‡K S‡i hvq|



cv‡VvËi gyj¨vqb 4.3

1| mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|

K. Kzgovi gvwQ †cvKvi Kxov †Kv_vq Lvq?

i) dj ev mewRi Z¡‡K ii) dj ev mewRi wfZ‡i iii) Mv‡Qi cvZvq iv) Mv‡Qi Kv‡Û

L. †Xuo‡mi dj I WMvi gvRiv †cvKvi weKí †cvlK †Kvb&wU?

i) Z‚jv ii) AvL iii) evuavKwc iv) Kzgov

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔÔmÕÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔÔwgÕÕ wjLyb

K. Kzgovi gvwQ †cvKv GKwU eû‡fvRx cZ½|

L. Kzgovi jvj weUj †cvKv cvZvq j¤̂v j¤v̂ MZ© K‡i|

3| ïb¨¯’vb c~iY Kiæb|

K. Kzgovi gvwQ †cvKv....... Ae¯’vq mewRi ¶wZ K‡i|

L. †Xuo‡mi dj I WMvi gvRiv †cvKvi Kxov Mv‡Qi.........Lvq|

4| GK K_vq ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b

K. Kzgovi jvj weUj †cvKv †Kv_vq wWg cv‡o?

L. Trichogramma evanescens †Kvb& †cvKvi ciRxwe?



cvV 4.4 Avg, Kjv I bvwi‡K‡ji ¶wZKi †cvKvi eY©bv I `gb|

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb ■ Avg wQ ª̀Kvix †cvKvi RxebPµ, ¶wZi aib Ges cÖwZKvi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z

cvi‡eb|

■ Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj †cvKvi RxebPµ, ¶wZi aib Ges cÖwZKvi m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

■ bvwi‡K‡ji MÛv‡i †cvKvi RxebPµ, ¶wZi bg~bv Ges cÖwZKvi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Av‡gi †cvKv

Avg evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU cÖavb dj| cÖvq 25 cÖRvwZi †cvKv G‡`‡k Avg I Avg Mv‡Qi ¶wZ

K‡i _v‡K| Av‡g AvµgYKvix †cvK¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Avg wQ ª̀Kvix †cvKv Av‡gi gvwQ †cvKv, Av‡gi

Kv‡Ûi gvRiv †cvKv, Av‡gi WMvi gvRiv †cvKv, Av‡gi †kvlK †cvKv Ges Avg cvZvi

weQv‡cvKv we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨‡hvM¨| G¸‡jv Av‡gi cÖavb AwbóKvix †cvKv wnmv‡e MY¨|

Avg wQ`ªKvix †cvKv ev †fvgiv †cvKv (The mango fruit borer) ‰eÁvwbK bvgt Sternochetus frigidus F. eM©t KwjI‡Þiv

G †cvKv evsjv‡`‡k Av‡gi gvivZ¥K ¶wZ K‡i _v‡K|

eY©bv Rxeb Pµ

c~Y© eq¯‹ DBwfj †`L‡Z Lv‡Uv, wW¤̂vK…wZi Ges Mvpev`vgx is‡Oi (wPÎ 4.11)| ¿̄x DBwfj KwP

Av‡gi †Lvmvq gvP©-GwcÖj gv‡m wWg cvo‡Z _v‡K| GKwU Av‡g 2-5 wWg cv‡o| wWg¸‡jv

†`L‡Z mv`v Ges cÖvq 1 wg. wg. j¤̂v| wWg cvovi Av‡M ¿̄x †cvKv Zvi wW¤̂övj‡Ki mvnv‡h¨

Av‡gi meyR ewntZ¡‡K (epidermis) GKwU MZ© K‡i ‡bq Ges Zvici wWg cv‡o| wWg dz‡U †ei nevi ci Kxov ev MÖve¸‡jv dj wQ ª̀ K‡i wfZ‡i Xz‡K Av‡gi kvum (Pulp) †L‡q eo n‡Z _v‡K| Gfv‡e 1 gvm Lvevi Giv d‡ji wfZ‡iB g~KKx‡U cwiYZ nq| †`o †_‡K ỳmßv‡ni g‡a¨

g~KKxUMy‡jv c~Y© eq¯‹ †cvKvq iƒcvšÍwiZ nq Ges Av‡gi Mv‡q wQ`ª K‡i evB‡i †ewi‡q Av‡m| G

†cvKv erm‡i †Kej GKevi Av‡gi mg‡q esk we Í̄vi K‡i| Av‡gi †gŠmyg †kl nevi ci Giv

Mv‡Qi evK‡ji wb‡P ev AvgMv‡Q Rb¥v‡bv ciMvQvi wkK‡o jywK‡q Kvj KvUvq| G †cvKv 40-

50 w`‡b Zvi Rxeb Pµ m¤úbœ K‡i|

wPÎ 4.11 Avg wQ ª̀Kvix †cvKv| (K) MÖve, (L) c~Y© eq¯‹ DBwfj, (M) ¶wZMÖ Í̄ Av‡gi wfZ‡ii Ask (Alam, 1962 †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q)|

¶wZi aib

wWg dz‡U †ei nevi ci Kxov

ev MÖve¸‡jv dj wQ ª̀ K‡i

wfZ‡i Xz‡K Av‡gi kvum

(Pulp) †L‡q eo n‡Z _v‡K|



G †cvKvi Kxov Av‡gi Mv‡q wQ ª̀ K‡i wfZ‡i Av‡gi kvum Lvq (wPÎ 4.11)| Kxov¸‡jv KwP

Av‡g wQ ª̀ K‡i wfZ‡i Xz‡K| wKš‘ ¸wU eo nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wQ ª̀wU eÜ n‡q hvq| GRb¨B

A‡bK mgq evB‡i †_‡K Av‡gi g‡a¨ Avµg‡bi †Kv‡bv wPý †`Lv hvq bv| Avg KvUvi c‡i

wfZ‡i †cvKv, cvIqv hvq| G †cvKv †L‡Z †L‡Z Av‡gi kvu‡mi g‡a¨ †QvU myo½ ˆZwi K‡i hv

†cvKvi gj Øviv c~Y© _v‡K| GKevi †Kv‡bv Mv‡Q G †cvKvi AvµgY n‡j cÖwZ eQiB †m Mv‡Q

G †cvKvi AvµgY nq| Avµg‡Yi gvÎv †ewk n‡j Mv‡Q GKwUI fv‡jv Avg cvIqv hvq bv|

cÖwZKvi

1| AvgevMvb cwi¯‹vi cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e Ges Avg Mv‡Q hv‡Z †Kv‡bv ciMvQv Rb¥v‡Z bv

cv‡i †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|

2| Mv‡Q dvUj ev MZ© _vK‡j Zv wdbvBj wgwkªZ cvwb‡Z GKwU b¨vKov wfwR‡q gv‡S gv‡S

gy‡Q w`‡Z n‡e|

3| Mv‡Q gyKzj Avmvi 1-2 gvm c~‡e© evMv‡bi dvuKv Rwg jvsMj w`‡q Pvl w`‡Z n‡e| G‡Z

†cvKvi AvµgY Kg nevi m¤¢evbv _v‡K|

4| Av‡gi ¸wU aivi GK †_‡K ỳÕmßvn c‡i 14.3 wg. wj. WvB‡gµb 100 Gm,wm WweD 54.4 wjUvi cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e 15-21 w`b ci ỳÕevi cÖ‡qvM

Ki‡j G †cvKv wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq|

Kjvi †cvKv

Kjv evsjv‡`‡ki AZ¨šÍ Dcv‡`q Ges cywóKi GKwU dj| GUv evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î Pvl nq| Kjv

Mv‡Q †gvU 4wU cÖRvwZi †cvKv AvµgY K‡i| G¸‡jv nj Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj `vMhy³

Nvm dwos Ges Kjvi Kv‡Ûi DBwfj| G‡ì g‡a¨ Kjvi cvZv I Kv‡Ûi weUj Kjv Mv‡Qi cÖavb

AwbóKvix †cvKv|

Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj (Banana leaf and fruit beetle) êÁvwbK bvgt Nodostoma viridipennis Mots eM© t KwjI‡Þiv

G †cvKv evsjv‡`‡k Kjvi gvivZ¥K ¶wZ K‡i _v‡K|

eY©bv I RxebPµ

c~Y© eq¯‹ †cvKvi is Ges AvKv‡i cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq (wPÎ 4.12)| evsjv‡`‡k G †cvKv `yÕi‡Oi

nq| GKwUi BjvBUªv ev`vgx Ges Ab¨wUi BjvBUªv Mvp meyRvf bxj| ¯¿x †cvKv Pviv Mv‡Qi

cvZvi wKbvivq A_ev ïKbv cvZvi fuv‡R wWg cv‡o| Giv Mv`v K‡i 50-60wU wWg cv‡o|

wWg¸‡jv AZ¨šÍ †QvU Ges Pz½vK…wZi| FZz‡f‡` wWg dz‡U Kxov ev MÖve ‡ei n‡Z 5-16 w`b

mgq jv‡M| m`¨RvZ MÖve¸‡jv AZ¨šÍ mwµq _v‡K Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ wb‡Pi w`‡K †h‡Z _v‡K I

gvwU‡Z Xz‡K hvq| Giv gvwUi wb‡P 15-16 †m. wg. Mfxi ch©šÍ Kjvi wkKo Lvq| Pvi mßvn

Lvevi ci k~KKxU¸‡jv Dc‡i DV‡Z _v‡K Ges fz-c„‡ôi KvQvKvwQ g~KKx‡U cwiYZ nq| kx‡Zi

mg‡q G‡ì KxovKvj 140-160 w`b ch©šÍ ¯’vqx nq| g~KKxU Ae¯’vq 8-10 w`b KvUv‡bvi ci

c~Y© eq¯‹ †cvKv †ei n‡q Av‡m| c~Y© eq¯‹ †cvKv †ei nevi ci Mv‡Qi KwP cvZv I dj AvµgY

K‡i| c~Y© eq¯‹ †cvKv cÖvq `yÕmßvn evu‡P| gvP© gv‡m G †cvKvi AvµgY ïiæ nq Ges AvMó

gv‡m G †cvvKvi msL¨v me‡P‡q †ewk _v‡K| Giv Kxov I g~KKxU Ae¯’vq gvwUi wb‡P kxZKvjUv

kxZwb ª̀vq KvUvq|

Kxov¸‡jv KwP Av‡g wQ ª̀ K‡i

wfZ‡i Xz‡K| wKš‘ ¸wU eo

nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wQ ª̀wU eÜ

n‡q hvq| GRb¨B A‡bK

mgq evB‡i †_‡K Av‡gi

g‡a¨ Avµg‡bi †Kv‡bv wPý

†`Lv hvq bv|

Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj

Kxov I g~KKxU Ae ’̄vq gvwUi

wb‡P kxZKvjUv kxZwb ª̀vq

KvUvq|



wPÎ 4.12 Kjv cvZv I d‡ji weUj| (K) MÖve, (L) g~KKxU, (M) c~Y© eq¯‹ weUj (Alam, 1962 †_‡K †bqv

n‡q‡Q)|

¶wZi aib

Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj Pviv Ae¯’v †_‡K ïiæ K‡i dj aviY ch©šÍ Kjv Mv‡Qi ¶wZ K‡i|

Kjvi cvZv hLb †QvU I KwP Ges †gvov‡bv Ae ’̄vq _v‡K ZLb c~Y© eq¯‹ weUj †m cvZv †L‡Z

_v‡K| mvaviYZ Giv cvZvi A¼xq c„‡ô ev Dëvw`‡K Lvq| Giv cvZvi meyR Ask Lvq d‡j

cvZvq welgvKi Zvwji (Irregelar patches) m„wó nq (wPÎ 4.13)| cvZv eo nevi mv‡_ mv‡_ `vM¸‡jv ïwK‡q Av‡m| G mg‡q eo cvZvq G¸‡jv‡K em‡šÍi `v‡Mi gZ †`Lvq| Avµg‡Yi

gvÎv AZ¨waK n‡j MvQ ~̀e©j n‡q c‡o Ges e„w× evavcÖvß nq| †_vo ev †gvPv †ei nevi mgq

Giv †gvPvi wfZ‡i Xz‡K KwP Kjvi †Lvmv †L‡Z _v‡K| Kjv eo nevi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avµg‡Yi

`vM¸‡jv eo n‡q ¯úó †`Lv hvq| G‡Z K‡i Kjvi evRvi g~j¨ 25-75% K‡g hvq| G †cvKv

Ag„ZmvMi Rv‡Zi Kjvi gvivZ¥K ¶wZ K‡i|

wPÎ 4.13 AvµvšÍ Kjv

cÖwZKvi

1| km¨ ch©vqµg e¨e¯’v Aej¤b̂ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges ci ci `yÕeQi Kjv Pvl eÜ ivL‡Z n‡e|

2| bZzb evMv‡bi Pvicv‡k gywo Kjv MvQ ivLv Pj‡e bv|

3| cÖwZ 10 wjUvi cvwb‡Z 10 MÖvg †mwfb 85 WweD. wc. A_ev WvqvwRbb 60 Bwm wgwk‡q AvµvšÍ Rwg‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| 15 w`b ci ci `yÕevi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj

cvZvi meyR Ask Lvq d‡j

cvZvq welgvKi Zvwji m„wó

nq|

L

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bvwi‡K‡ji †cvKv

bvwi‡Kj evsjv‡`‡ki AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU dj| evsjv‡`‡k bvwi‡Kj 3wU cÖRvwZi †cvKv Øviv

AvµvšÍ nq| G¸‡jv n‡”Q - bvwi‡K‡ji MÛv‡i †cvKv, bvwi‡K‡ji jvj DBwfj Ges bvwi‡K‡ji

weQv‡cvKv| Z‡e bvwi‡K‡ji MÛv‡ii †cvKvB GKgvÎ cÖavb AwbóKvix wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ|

bvwi‡K‡ji MÛv‡i †cvKv (The rhinoceros beetle) êÁvwbK bvgt Oryctes rhinoceros L. eM© t KwjI‡Þiv

evsjv‡`‡k GwU bvwi‡K‡ji gvivZ¥K ¶wZ K‡i| evsjv‡`‡k GwU‡K ¸e‡i †cvKvI ejv nq| Giv

c~Y© eq¯‹ Ae¯’vq Mv‡Qi ¶wZ K‡i|

eY©bv I RxebPµ

c~Y© eq¯‹ †cvKv PKP‡K Kv‡jv, c„ôv‡`k gm„b Ges A¼xq w`‡K (Ventral side) jvj‡P ev`vgx †ivg Av‡Q| G †cvKv †ek eo, 40-50 wg. wg. j¤̂v Ges 20 wg. wg. cȪ ’| cyiæl †cvKvi gv_vq

GKwU j¤̂v †PvLv wks _v‡K, ¯¿x †cvKvi wks AZ¨šÍ LvU| MÛv‡ii gZ wks _vKvi Rb¨ G

†cvKv‡K MÛv‡i †cvKv e‡j (wPÎ 4.14)|

¯¿x †cvKv cuPbkxj †Mve‡ii Mv`vq ev cuPbkxj AveR©bv I kvKmeRxi ‘̄c, wfRv Kiv‡Zi u̧ov

cÖf…wZ RvqMvq wWg cv‡o| wWg ¸‡jv †`L‡Z mv`v| Giv GKwU GKwU K‡i wWg cv‡o| GKwU ¿̄x

†cvKv 100-150wU wWg †c‡o _v‡K| 12-20 w`‡bi g‡a¨ d¨vKv‡k nj‡` mv`v i‡Oi Kxov †ei

n‡q Av‡m| c~Y©ZvcÖvß Kxov j¤̂vq 75 wg. wg. Ges cÖ‡¯’ 25 wg. wg.| Kxov Ae ’̄v 3-6 gvm ’̄vqx

nq| G mgq Kxovi gv_v Kv†jv Ges kixi gqjv‡U mv`v is aviY K‡i| Kxov¸‡jv me mgq

evuKv n‡q _v‡K| Kxov¸‡jv gvwUi wb‡P ev †Mve‡ii Mv`vq myo½ K‡i Xz‡K Ges †mLv‡b GKwU

†Kvl MVb K‡i Zvi wfZ‡i g~KKx‡U cwiYZ nq| g~KKxU Ae¯’vq 3-4 mßvn _vKvi ci c~Y©

eq¯‹ †cvKv †ei n‡q Av‡m| c~Y© eq¯‹ †cvKv wbkvPi Ges Av‡jv‡Z AvK…ó nq| G‡ì m¤ú~Y©

RxebPµ mgvß Ki‡Z cÖvq `k gvm mgq jv‡M Ges erm‡i G‡ì GKwU cÖRb¥ ˆZwi nq|

wPÎ 4.14 bvwi‡K‡ji MÛv‡i †cvKv| (K) I (L) c~Y© eq¯‹ †cvKv, (M) MÖve ev k~KKxU

¶wZi cÖK…wZ

c~Y© eq¯‹ †cvKv my ’̄ bvwi‡Kj Mv‡Qi KwP WMvq MZ© K‡i wf‡Z‡i Xz‡K c‡o| †mLv‡b Giv

Abyb¥xwjZ KwP cvZv, †hLvb †_‡K gywP †ei nq Zvi †Mvov BZ¨vw`‡Z †L‡Z _v‡K| Giv djeZ©x

MÛv‡ii gZ wks _vKvi Rb¨

¸e‡i †cvKv‡K MÛv‡i †cvKv

e‡j|

†mLv‡b Giv Abyb¥xwjZ KwP

cvZv, †hLvb †_‡K g P †ei nq

Zvi †Mvov BZ¨vw`‡Z †L‡Z

L K



Kvw` Kv‡ÛI AvµgY K‡i| weUj G me RvqMvq wQ ª̀ K‡i Lvq| Giv G me RvqMvi Avuk hy³

Ask wPwe‡q im Lvq Ges Avuk ¸‡jv †d‡j †`q| hLb AvµvšÍ cvZv¸‡jv †Lv‡j ZLb G‡Z

mvwie× fv‡e wQ ª̀ †`Lv hvq| AvµgY Zxeª n‡j Mv‡Qi gv_v ïwK‡q hvq| Mv‡Q cvZv I d‡ji

msL¨v Kg nq| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq AvµvšÍ MvQ gviv hvq| G †cvKvi Avµg‡Y KwP Mv‡Qi †ewk

¶wZ nq|

cÖwZKvi

1| evMv‡bi wfZ‡i ev Av‡k cv‡k †Mvei ev AveR©bvi ¯‘c ivLv Pj‡e bv|

2| evMv‡b giv, cuPv ev AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi ¸wo _vK‡j Zv mwi‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|

3| Av‡jvi dvu‡`i mvnv‡h¨ c~Y© eq¯‹ †cvKv a‡i †g‡i †dj‡Z n‡e|

4| Mv‡Qi WMv cwi¯‹vi ivL‡Z n‡e| AvµvšÍ Mv‡Q wkK XzwK‡q M‡Z©i wfZ‡ii †cvKv †g‡i

†dj‡Z n‡e|

5| 10 wjUvi cvwb‡Z 10 wg. wj. WvB‡gµb 100 Gm. wm. WweD. wgwk‡q cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

6| AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi M‡Z© c¨vivWvB‡K¬v‡iv‡ebwRb XzwK‡q M‡Z©i gyL Kv`v w`‡q eÜ K‡i w`‡Z

n‡e| G‡Z †cvKv gviv hv‡e|

Abykxjb (Activity) t Avg, Kjv I bvwi‡K‡ji cÖavb cÖavb ¶wZKviK †cvKv¸‡jv Kx Kx? Avcbvi GjvKvq Avg wQ ª̀Kvix †cvKvi cÖv`y©fve †Kgb nq? Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj †cvKvi

Avµg‡Y Mv‡Qi Kx ¶wZ nq Zv we¯ÍvwiZ wjLyb

mvigg© t Av‡gi ¶wZKviK †cvKv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Avg wQ ª̀Kvix †cvKv Av‡gi gvivZ¥K ¶wZ

K‡i _v‡K| G †cvKv Av‡gi wfZ‡i myo½ m„wó K‡i Lvq| GKevi †Kv‡bv Mv‡Q Avg wQ ª̀Kvix

†cvKvi AvµgY n‡j †m Mv‡Q cÖwZ eQiB G †cvKvi AvµgY nq| Kjvi cZv I d‡ji weUj

Kjvi cÖavb AwbóKvix †cvKv| G †cvKvq LvIqvi d‡j Kjvi cvZv I Kjvi †Lvmvq `vM m„wó

nq| d‡j Kjvi evRvi `i 25-75% K‡g hvq| bvwi‡K‡ji MÛv‡i †cvKv bvwi‡Kj Mv‡Qi

KwP WMvq MZ© K‡i wfZ‡i Xz‡K Ges Abyb¥xwjZ KwP cvZvi †Mvovq wQ ª̀ K‡i Lvq| AvµvšÍ

cvZvM‡jv †Lvjvi ci G‡Z mvwie×fv‡e wQ ª̀ †`Lv hvq| G †cvKvi Avµg‡Y †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv

mgq MvQ gvivI †h‡Z cv‡i|





K. Avg wQ ª̀Kvix †cvKv Av‡gi †Kvb& As‡k Lvq?

i) Avg wQ ª̀ K‡i wfZ‡i kvum Lvq| ii) Avg wQ ª̀ K‡i Av‡gi AvuwU Lvq| iii) Av‡gi gyKzj Lvq iv) Avg †_‡K im †kvlb K‡i Lvq|

L. bvwi‡K‡ji MÛv‡i †cvKv †Kvb& Ae¯’vq bvwi‡Kj Mv‡Qi ¶wZ K‡i?

i) k~KKxU ev MÖve Ae¯’vq ii) c~Y© eq¯‹ Ae¯’vq iii) g~KKxU Ae ’̄vq iv) k~KKxU I c~Y© eq¯‹ Dfq Ae ’̄vq|

2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔÔmÕÕGes wg_¨v n‡j ÔÔwgÕÕ wjLyb|

K. Avg wQ ª̀Kvix †cvKv‡K †fvgiv †cvKv ejv nq|

L. bvwi‡K‡ji MÛv‡i †cvKvi is PKP‡K Kv‡jv|

3| k~b¨®’vb c~iY Kiæb|

K. ............... †cvKvi gv_vq MÛv‡ii gZ wks Av‡Q|

L. Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj ................ Ae ’̄vq Mv‡Qi ¶wZ K‡i|


K. †Kvb& †cvKv‡K †Mve‡i †cvKv e‡j?

L. Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji DBwfj †Kvb& Rv‡Zi Kjvq me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZ K‡i?



eënvwiK

cvV 4.5 Kjvi cÖavb cÖavb †cvKv msMÖn I msi¶Y

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb ■ Kjvi cÖavb AwbóKvix †cvKv A_v©r Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq

wRwbl-c‡Îi ZvwjKv cȪ ‘yZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

■ Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| ■ Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbl-c‡Îi ZvwjKv cȪ ‘Z Ki‡Z

cvi‡eb|

■ Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj msi¶Y Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Kjvi †cvKv msMÖ‡ni D‡Ïk¨

†cvKv msMÖ‡ni cÖavb D‡Ï‡k¨ n‡”Q Kjvi cÖavb AwbóKvix †cvKv‡K kbv³ Kiv Ges G †cvKvi

¶wZi aib m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hv‡Z K‡i G †cvKv `g‡bi Rb¨ mwVK c`‡¶c †bqv hvq|

K) †cvKv msMÖ‡ni c×wZ

†cvKv msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY mgyn

1| nvZRvj

2| wKwjs Rvi ev †evZj

Kv‡Ri avc

G †cvKv msMÖn Kiv LyeB mnR| AvµvšÍ Mv‡Q fv‡jv K‡i j¶¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, G †cvKv

cvZvq e‡m Av‡Q| G¸‡jv‡K myBwcs Rvj w`‡q AwZ mn‡RB aiv hvq| myBwcs Rvj w`‡q aivi

ci G¸‡jv‡K wKwjs †evZ‡j f‡i †evZ‡ji gyL eÜ K‡i w`b| Gfv‡e G †cvKv msMÖn Kiæb|

†cvKv kbv³KiY

msM„nxZ †cvKv¸‡jv gviv hvevi ci eB‡q †`qv eY©bvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q G ¸‡jv‡K kbv³ Ki€b|

L) msi¶Y

†cvKv‡K kbv³ Kivi ci G‡ì‡K msi¶‡Yi eë ’̄v Kiæb| G †cvKv msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ wb¤œwjwLZ

wRwbm¸‡jvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e 1| Kv‡Vi ev·

2| wcb

3| wcwbs †evW©

4| †UM ev †j‡ej

5| †bd_vwjb ej

Kv‡Ri avc

cvV 3.7 G †`qv eY©bv Abyhvqx weUj¸‡jv‡K wc‡b †Mu‡_ wbb| Gici U¨vM mn G¸‡jv‡K ev‡·

mvwR‡q ivLyb|

U¨vM †j‡ej t 3.7 G †h ai‡bi †j‡ej ev U¨vM eënv‡ii K_v ejv n‡q‡Q GLv‡bI wVK GKB

ai‡bi U¨vM eënvi Kiæb|

mZK©Zv

1| wKwjs †evZj mveav‡b eënvi Ki‡eb| GwU hv‡Z †f‡½ bv hvq †m e¨vcv‡i mZK© _vKzb|

wKwjs †evZ‡j fz‡jI k¦vm †b‡eb bv ev MÜ ïK‡eb bv|



cvV 4.6 Av‡gi cÖavb cÖavb †cvKv msMÖn I msi¶Y

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb ■ Avg wQ ª̀Kvix †cvKv msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbl c‡Îi ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| ■ Avg wQ ª̀Kvix †cvKv msMÖn Ges kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| ■ Avg wQ ª̀Kvix †cvKv msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwblc‡Îi ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb

Ges G †cvKv msi¶Y Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†cvKv msMÖ‡ni D‡Ïk¨

†cvKv msMÖ‡ni cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv cÖavb cÖavb ¶wZKviK †cvKv¸‡jv‡K kbv³ Kiv| G‡Z K‡i

¶wZKviK †cvKvi weiæ‡× mwVK `gb eë ’̄v †bqv mnR nq|

K) †cvKv msMÖ‡ni c×wZ

†cvKv msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY mg~nt

1| wKwjs †evZj ev Rvi

2| Qywi

3| nvZ Rvj

4| †cwUªwWm A_ev †KŠUv

Kv‡Ri avc

Avg wQ ª̀Kvix †cvKv msMÖn

Av‡gi †cvKv msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ wKQy Avg msMÖn Kiæb| cvKv Av‡g A‡bK mgq †cvKvi wQ ª̀ †`Lv

hvq| wQ ª̀Iqvjv Av‡g G †cvKv _v‡K bv| KviY Av‡gi Mv‡q wQ ª̀ K‡i c~Y© eq¯‹ †cvKv¸‡jv

evB‡i †ei n‡q Av‡m| Kv‡RB †h me Av‡gi Mv‡q wQ ª̀ †bB †m me Avg wb‡Z n‡e| G iKg

wKQy Avg msMÖn K‡i GKwU Qywi w`‡q AvgwU KvUzb| KvUvi ci AvµvšÍ Av‡gi wfZ‡i †cvKvi

LvIqvi bg~bv †`L‡Z cv‡eb Ges †cvKvi Kxov ev k~KKxU A_ev c~Yv©½ ‡cvKv cv‡eb| c~Yv©½

†cvKv‡K wKwjs †evZ‡j ivLyb| hw` k~KKxU cvIqv hvq Zvn‡j Zv‡K GKwU †cwUª wWm ev †KŠUvq

†i‡L w`b|

kxZKv‡j G †cvKv AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi evK‡ji wb‡P ev Avg Mv‡Q Rb¥v‡bv ciMvQvi wkK‡o c~Y© eq¯‹

Ae¯’vq kxZ wb`ªvq _v‡K| Kv‡RB Av‡gi †gŠmyg Qvov Ab¨ mgq G‡ì‡K msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡j

AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi g‡a¨ †h me AvMvQv R‡b¥ †m me AvMvQvi wkK‡o fv‡jvfv‡e LyR‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j

c~Y© eq¯‹ †cvKv msMÖn Kiv hv‡e| AvµvšÍ Mv‡Q †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq KvUv evKj _v‡K| †m me

evK‡ji wb‡P fv‡jv K‡i LyuR‡j Avg wQ ª̀Kvix DBwfj cvIqv hvq| Gfv‡e msM„nxZ c~Y© eq¯‹

†cvKv‡K wKwjs Rvi ev †evZ‡j cy‡i †g‡i †djyb|

†cvKv kbv³KiY t eB‡q †`qv eY©bvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q msM„nxZ †cvKv‡K kbv³ Ki€b|

L) †cvKv msi¶Y

Av‡gi †fvgiv †cvKv msi¶Y

kbv³ Kivi ci msM„nxZ †cvKv¸‡jv‡K msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ì‡K mwVKfv‡e msi¶Y

Kiv cÖ‡qvRb hv‡Z K‡i bó n‡q bv hvq| msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ wb¤œwjwLZ wRwbl¸‡jv cÖ‡qvRb|

1| Kv‡Vi ev´

2| wcb



cvV 4.7 bvwi‡K‡ji cÖavb cÖavb †cvKv msMÖn I msi¶Y

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb ■ bvwi‡K‡ji MÛv‡i †cvKv msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwblc‡Îi ZvwjKv cȪ ‘Z Ki‡Z

cvi‡eb|

■ bvwi‡K‡ji MÛv‡i †cvKv msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| ■ bvwi‡K‡ji cÖavb AwbóKvix †cvKv msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ wRwblc‡Îi ZvwjKv ‰Zwi Ki‡Z

cvi‡eb Ges G †cvKv msi¶Y Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†cvKv msMÖ‡ni D‡Ïk¨

†cvKv msMÖ‡ni cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q bvwi‡K‡ji cÖavb AwbóKvix †cvKv kbv³KiY, G †cvKvi

¶wZi aib cÖZ¨¶KiY Ges G †cvKv `g‡bi Rb¨ mwVK e¨e¯’v MÖnY| GLv‡b e‡j †bqv

cÖ‡qvRb †h, evsjv‡`‡k bvwi‡K‡ji GKwUB gvÎ gyL¨ AwbóKvix †cvKv Av‡Q| †mwU n‡jv

bvwi‡K‡ji MÛv‡i †cvKv ev †fvgiv †cvKv|

K) †cvKv msMÖn c×wZ

†cvKv msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ ev DcKiYt

bvwi‡K‡ji MÛv‡i †cvKv msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ wb¤œewY©Z DcKiY¸‡jv jvM‡e-

1| GKwU wKwjs Rvi

2| GKwU †jvnvi †QvU iW

3| LyeB k³ AvVv

4| GKwU †Kv`vj

5| GKwU cøvw÷‡Ki †KŠUv

6| k~KKxU gvivi Rb¨ GKwU ª̀eb (cvV 3.7 G †`qv Av‡Q)

Kv‡Ri avc

G †cvKv ivwÎ †ejvq PjvPj K‡i| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq G †cvKv Av‡jv‡Z AvK…ó nq| ZvB gv‡S

gv‡S GwU‡K gvby‡li N‡i Avm‡Z †`Lv hvq| †Kv‡bv mgq Gfv‡e cvIqv †M‡j Zv‡K nvZ w`‡q

a‡i wKwjs Rvi ev †evZ‡j †i‡L w`b|

G †cvKv AvµvšÍ Mv‡Q wQ‡`ªi g‡a¨ jywK‡q _v‡K| G †cvKv msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡j AvµvšÍ MvQ Lyu‡R

†ei Kiæb| Zvi ci G †cvKvi MZ© Lyu‡R †ei Kiæb | Gici GKwU †QvU i‡Wi gv_vq Lye k³

AvVv jvwM‡q M‡Z© XzwK‡q w`b|†cvKv _vK‡j †m AvVvq †j‡M †ei n‡q Avm‡e| Zvici Zv‡K

wKwjs Rv‡i †i‡L †g‡i †djyb|

k~KKxU msMÖn

G †cvKvi k~KKxU msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡j cuPbkxj †Mve‡ii Mv`vq ev cuPv AveR©bvi ‘̄‡c †h‡Z

n‡e| †Mve‡ii Mv`v ev AveR©bvi ¯‘‡ci Dci w`K †_‡K †Mvei ev AveR©bv mwi‡q †djyb|

Gfv‡e LyuR‡j MÛv‡i †cvKvi Kxov ev MÖve †ewi‡q Avm‡e| Kxov¸‡jv evuKv, gv_v Kv‡jv Ges

kixi gqjv‡U mv`v| msMÖ‡ni ci Kxov¸‡jv‡K A¨vj‡Kvnj ª̀e‡b XzwK‡q w`b| MÖve¸‡jv gviv

hv‡e|

L) †cvKv msi¶Y

MÛv‡i †cvKv msi¶Yt c~Y© eq¯K †cvKv I MÖve¸‡jv msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ cvV 3.7 G †`qv c×wZ

AbymiY Kiæb| c~Y© eq¯K †cvKv GKwU weUj| Kv‡RB GwU‡K wc‡b †Mu‡_ Kv‡Vi ev‡· Ges

MÖve‡K Zij gva¨‡g msi¶Y Kiæb|

mveavbZv

1| wKwjs Rvi e¨env‡ii Rb¨ c~‡e©i cvV ¸‡jv‡Z †`qv mveavbZv Aej¤b̂ Kiæb|

2| c~Y© eq¯K †cvKv msMÖ‡ni mgq bvwi‡Kj MvQ n‡Z †hb c‡o bv hvq †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z

n‡e|



P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vqb BDwbU 4 msw¶ß I iPbvg~jK cÖkœ t

1| U‡g‡Uvi Rve‡cvKvi KqwU cÖRvwZ evsjv‡`‡k cvIqv hvq? Rve‡cvKv U‡g‡Uvi Kx ¶wZ

K‡i Zv eY©bv Kiæb|

2| Rve‡cvKv Kxfv‡e esk we Í̄vi K‡i? U‡g‡Uvi Rve‡cvKv `g‡bi Dcvq ¸‡jv ms‡¶‡c

wjLyb|

3| dzjKwci weQv‡cvKvi êÁvwbK bvg Kx? G †cvKvi RxebPµ eY©bv Kiæb|

4| dzjKwci weQv‡cvKvi ¶wZi aib Ges cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq¸‡jv wjLyb|

5| evuavKwci myiæB †cvKvi ¶wZi bg~bv Ges `g‡bi Dcvq¸‡jv wjLyb|

6| evuavKwci cÖRvcwZi RxebPµ eY©bv Kiæb|

7| †e¸‡bi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKvi êÁvwbK bvg Kx? G †cvKvi RxebPµ ms‡¶‡c

eY©bv Kiæb|

8| †e¸‡bi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKv MvQ I d‡ji Kx ¶wZ K‡i Zv we Í̄vwiZ wjLyb|

9| KvUv‡j †cvKvi KqwU cÖRvwZ evsjv‡`‡k cvIqv hvq? KvUv‡j †cvKvi RxebPµ eY©bv

Kiæb|

10| KvUv‡j †cvKv Kx Kx Mv‡Qi ¶wZ K‡i? G †cvKvi ¶wZi aib I cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq¸‡jv

wjyLb|

11| mx‡gi Rve‡cvKv †Kvb& e‡M©i AšÍM©Z? G †cvKvi RxebPµ eY©bv Kiæb|

12| mx‡gi Rve‡cvKvi êÁvwbK bvg Kx? G †cvKvi ¶wZi aib Ges cÖwZKvi eY©bv Kiæb|

13| mx‡gi MvÜx †cvKvi ¶wZi aib Ges cÖwZKvi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

14| Kzgovi gvwQ †cvKvi KqwU cÖRvwZ evsjv‡`‡k cvIqv hvq? gvwQ †cvKvi RxebPµ

Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

15| gvwQ †cvKv Kx Kx mewR‡Z AvµgY K‡i| G †cvKvi ¶wZi aib Ges cÖwZKvi eY©bv

Kiæb|

16| Kzgovi jvj weUj †cvKvi k~KKxU †Kv_vq _v‡K? G †cvKvi ¶wZi aib eY©bv Kiæb|

17| †Xuo‡mi WMv I d‡ji gvRiv †cvKvi êÁvwbK bvg Kx? G †cvKvi ¶wZi aib Ges

cÖwZKv‡ii Dcvq¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

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19| Avg wQ ª̀Kvix †cvKvi Aci bvg Kx? G †cvKv `g‡bi Dcvq¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|

20| Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weU‡ji êÁvwbK bvg Kx? G †cvKvi RxebPµ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

21| Kjvi cvZv I d‡ji weUj †Kvb& Ae ’̄vq Kjv Mv‡Qi ¶wZ K‡i| G †cvKvi ¶wZi bg~bv I

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22| bvwi‡K‡ji MÛvi †cvKvi Aci bvg Kx? G †cvKv‡K MÛv‡i †cvKv ejv nq †Kb? G

†cvKvi ¶wZi bg~bv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

23| bvwi‡K‡ji MÛv‡i †cvKv †Kv_vq wWg cv‡o? G †cvKvi RxebPµ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

24| bvwi‡K‡ji MÛv‡i †cvKv `g‡bi Dcvq¸‡jv wjLyb|

bdwbu 4 bdwbu 4 kvk mewr i d‡ji †cvkvi ey©bv i `gb ......bdwbu 4 kvk mewr i d‡ji †cvkvi...

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