gramÁtica 3º ciclo

8/6/2019 GRAMTICA 3 CICLO

1/35

Gvywo 900;/9080

Yfphwo Nyhbhzkghl 7 Gkglo jf Pykbhykh# | F}h Dfyyfyh Yojynvfq#

LFCNVHAF YFPHWO NYHBHZKGHL#


2/35

Yfphwo Nyhbhzkghl# Ck}fl 6 900;/9080

Nyhbzkgh# F}h Dfyyfyh Yojynvfq# Pnkch 9

YFGVFYJH1 LH WKLH IH [ WVW GLHWFW#

8# Jk}kjf fc wklhihw lhw wknvkfczfw phlhiyhw#h# Lvqi# yfnhjfyh

g# lkiyo

j# wol

f# ghbphch

m# zfahjo

n# bhlfzc#

d# hpkwochjoyh#

Glhwkmkgh lhw phlhiyhw wfnc fl cbfyo jf wklhihw { hhjf jow bw h ghjh nyvpo#BOCOWKLHIHW IKWKLHIHW ZYKWKLHIHW POLKWKLHIHW

9# Yojfh lh wklhih zckgh jf lhw wknvkfczfw phlhiyhwPhpflfyh hyikzyo bjkgo zoybfczh

Zyknhl jflmc whghgoygdow zkgo

7# Fwgykif jow phlhiyhw bocowlhihw, jow ikwlhihw { jow zykwlhihw { lvfno kc}fczh oyhgkocfw goc zyfw jf lhwphlhiyhw xvf dh{hw fwgykzo#

Vch wklhih fw vc nyvpo jf wockjow xvf pyocvcgkhbow avczow fc vc wolo nolpf jf }oq#

Wfnc fl cbfyo jf wklhihw, lhw phlhiyhw pvfjfc wfy1H+ BOCOWKLHIHW1 lhw phlhiyhw xvf zkfcfc vch wolh wklhih#

i+ IKWKLHIHW1 phlhiyhw xvf zkfcfc jow wklhihw#

g+ ZYKWKLHIHW1 phlhiyhw xvf zkfcfc zyfw wklhihw#

j+ POLKWLHIHW1 phlhiyhw xvf zkfcfc gvhzyo o bw wklhihw#


3/35



YFGVFYJH1 JKPZOCNO F DKHZO

8# Wviyh{h lhw phlhiyhw jf lhw wknvkfczfw oyhgkocfw xvf zkfcfc hlnc jkpzocno #Lvfno wfphyh lhw wklhihwjf lhw phlhiyhw wviyh{hjhw#

Fl gkflo fwz pyfgkowo do{ Myf goc hgfkzf ghlkfczf Dh{ mvfno fc lh gdkbfcfh#

Whczkhno zkfcfc zyfkczh how Co okno yvkjo fc ckcnc wkzko Fl hkyf jfwpfkco h zv zh#

9# Wfphyh lhw wklhihw jf lhw wknvkfczfw phlhiyhw { wviyh{h lhw }oghlfw xvf fwzc fc dkhzo1 Oghco# Ihl

Yhq ]jfo

Jh Pflfhy#

Ido# Lo#

7# Glhwkmkgh lhw phlhiyhw jfwzhghjhw fc fl zftzo

Fl bvygklhno pyfwvbkjo#

Fvwfiko fyh fl bvygklhno bw nvhpo jf lh gvf}h#

Wfnvh vch jkfzh fwzykgzh h ihwf jf lhvyfl gogkjo# Chjh

jf yofjoyfw( Wf jhih wvh}fw bhwhafw jf hlgodol fc lhw hlhw[ wf vczhih yhgfw jf yoilf fc fl dogkgo# F}kzhih fl myo { zobhih fl

hkyf whco jf lh wkfyyh# [, phyh low ghwow jf fbfynfcgkh llf}hih vc

pfkcf fc wv iolwh jf hwfo(#

PHLHIYHW GOC JKPZOCNO PHLHIYHW GOC DKHZO

Vc jkpzocno fw lh vckc jf jow }oghlfw fc vch bkwbh wklhih Fa# Pvf"ilo#

Vc zykpzocno fw lh vckc jf zyfw }oghlfw fc vch bkwbh wklhih1 Fa# H}fyknvkw#

Fl dkzo fw gvhcjo jow }oghlfw wfnvkjhw pfyzfcfgfc h wklhihw jkmfyfczfw# Fa# Y"o, j"h , hwf"o#


4/35


Nyhbzkgh# F}h Dfyyfyh Yojynvfq# Pnkch :

YFGVFYJH1 FL HGFCZO# HNVJHW, LLHCHW [ FWJYVAVLHW#

8# Yojfh lh wklhih zckgh jf lhw wknvkfczfw phlhiyhw1 Bnkgo Fwzyfllh Lffy Tklmoco ghlfcjhyko

9# Fwgykif lhw wknvkfczfw phlhiyhw pockfcjo ghjh wklhih fc wv lvnhy 1 Zvlkpc Hlfnyf

Jvlqvyh ]flfzh

gkjo iyavlh

Ghwkllh# gwghyhw

Goczfwzh1 Fc xv phlhiyhw lh wklhih zckgh fw lh lzkbh? Gobo wf llhbhc fwzhw phlhiyhw?

Fc xv phlhiyhw lh wklhih zckgh fw lh pfclzkbh? gobo wf llhbhc fwzhw phlhiyhw?

Fc xv phlhiyhw lh wklhih zckgh fw lh hczfpfclzkbh? Gbo wf llhbhc fwzhw phlhiyhw?

7# Glhwkmkgh lhw phlhiyhw jfwzhghw fc fl zftzo#Vc jfwpfyzhjoy bv{ yhyo#

Zobw fyh vc jfwpfyzhjoy bv{ joybklc

Xvf wkfbpyf wochih fl lzkbo# Fyh kczkl

Pocfylo hczfw jf lhw cvf}f1 ojkhih bhjyvnhy#

Poy lhw cogdfw, wv doyh lbkzf fyhc lhw jkfq#

Wohih goc vc phw bnkgo jocjf chjkf

Lf oilknhyh h zyhihahy#

Fl hgfczo mckgo fw fl yfmvfyqo jf kczfcwkjhj goc xvf pyocvcgkhbow lh wklhih zckgh#

Lh zkljf o hgfczo nymkgo fw vc wknco xvf fl xvf hl fwgykiky bhyghbow, hlnvchw }fgfw lh wklhih zckgh#

Wfnc lh powkgkc jf lh wklhih zckgh lhw phlhiyhw pvfjfc wfy1

h+ lhw phlhiyhw woc hnvjhw gvhczo zkfcfc lh lzkbh wklhih zckgh# Fa# Wfoy#

i+ Lhw phlhiyhw woc llhchw gvhcjo zkfcfc lh pfclzkbh wklhih zckgh# Fa# Kyfbow#

g+ lhw phlhiyhw woc fwjyavlhw gvhcjo zkfcfc lh hczfpfclzkbh wklhih zckgh# Fa# ckbo#


5/35



PHLHIYHW HNVJHW PHLHIYHW LLHCHW PHLHIYHW FWJYVAVLHW#

YFGVFYJH# LOW WVWZHCZK]OW

8# Glhwkmkgh low wknvkfczfw wvwzhczk}ow fc gobvcfw { pyopkow f kc}fczh oyhgkocfw goc vc wvwzhczk}o jf ghjhnyvpo#

Phjyf Nykmo

Ghbpo Bfjkzfyycfo

Whczhcjfy Bhlloygh

Nvkllfybo mkfwzh

WVWZHCZK]OW GOBVCFW WVWZHCZK]OW PYOPKOW

9# Wviyh{h low wvwzhczk}ow golfgzk}ow { lvfno fwgykif oyhgkocfw goc ghjh vco jf fllow# Xvfwo Yfloa

Goyjkllfyh Lkiyo

Ihcjhjh Mlozh

Pfykjkgo dh{fjo

Low wvwzhczk}ow woc phlhiyhw xvf wky}fc phyh cobiyhy h lhw pfywochw, hckbhlfw, lhw ghwhw lhw kjfhw { low

wfczkbkfczow#

Glhwfw jf wvwzhczk}ow1Low wvwzhczk}ow gobvcfw woc low xvf cobiyhc h gvhlxvkfy pfywoch, hckbhl o gowh jf vch glhwf jfzfybkchjh# Fa#

Wfoyh, yhzc#

Low wvwzhczk}ow pyopkow1 woc low xvf cobiyhc h vch pfywoch, hckbhl, o vch gowh jkwzkcnvkcjolo jf low jfbw jf

wv glhwf# Fa# Lvkw, Bhyzf, Fiyo#

Wvwzhczk}ow kcjk}kjvhlfw1 woc low xvf fc wkcnvlhy cobiyhc vch wolh pfywoch, hckbhl o gowh# Fa# Woljhjo, o}fah#

Wvwzhczk}o golfgzk}o1 woc low xvf fc wkcnvlhy cobiyhc h vc gocavczo jf pfywochw, hckbhlfw o gowhw# Fa# Faygkzo,

yfiho#


6/35


Nyhbzkgh# F}h Dfyyfyh Yojynvfq# Pnkch =

7# Fwgykif fl wvwzhczk}o kcjk}kjvhl xvf goyyfwpocjf h ghjh wvwzhczk}o golfgzk}oWVWZHCZK]O GOLFGZK]O WVWZHCZK]O KCJK]KJVHL

IHCJHJH

GOCWZFLHGKOC

HYGDKPKFLHNO

AHVYKH

MLOZH

:# Gopkh low wvwzhczk}ow xvf hphyfgfc fc fwzhw oyhgkocfw { bhygh lh ghwkllh goyyfwpocjkfczf# Fc cvfwzyo golfnko dfbow moybhjo vch phcjkllh fwzvpfcjh#

Zojh lh zykpvlhgkc jfl ihygo wkczk hlfnyh# Fc fl bvwfo dhih }hykow gvhjyow jf nyhc }hloy hyzwzkgo# l cow yfnhlo vch }hakllh pyfgkowh#

Gobc Pyopko Kcjk}kjvhl Golfgzk}o Gocgyfzo hiwzyhgzo

golfnko


7/35


Nyhbzkgh# F}h Dfyyfyh Yojynvfq# Pnkch >

YFGVFYJH1

8# Loghlkqh low wvwzhczk}ow fc lhw wknvkfczfw oyhgkocfw { moybh fl plvyhl { glhwkmghlow# Fl yfloa jf bk zo fw fwzf# Kyfbow hl gkcf fl }kfycfw# Poc lh pkh fc lh bfwh

Lf dkqo vch yhjkonyhmh jfl zyht Ghbikf fl wom { fl wkllc# Ifif qvbo jf lkbc#

Hhjfc w Hhjfc fw Co }hyhc

Yfloa

9# Yfgvfyjh gobo wf hchlkqh vc wvwzhczk}o { hchlkqh low wknvkfczfw# Mhyolh Dkfyihw

Phlhiyhw iyhqow

yhzocfw ivqocfw

ahyjc wfoyhw

ahvlh }hllh

GLHWF JF PHLHIYH NCFYO CBFYO

Low wvwzhczk}ow zkfcfc ncfyo1 bhwgvlkco o mfbfckco#

Low wvwzhczk}ow bhwgvlkcow pvfjfc ky pyfgfjkjow jf lhw phlhiyhw fl o low# Fa# Fl zoyckllo o low iozocfw#

Low wvwzhczk}ow mfbfckcow pvfjfc ky pyfgfjkjow jf lhw phlhiyhw lh o lhw# Fa# Lh llh}f o lhw doahw#

Bvgdow wvwzhczk}ow zkfcfc vch wolo ncfyo o woc bhwgvlkcow o mfbfckcow# Fa# Fl gdkglf#

Ozyow wvwzhczk}ow pvfjfc wfy bhwgvlkco o mfbfckco Fa# Cko/ckh $hhjfc h v o +

Hhjfc vch zfybkchgkc fwpfgkhl# Fa# Hihj"hihjfwh $"fwh+#

Low wvwzhczk}ow zkfcf cbfyo fwzc fc wkcnvlhy o fc plvyhl#

Low wvwzhczk}ow xvf fwzc fc wkcnvlhy cobiyhc h vc wolo oiafzo o nyvpo jf oiafzow# [ pvfjfc ky pyfgfjkjow jf lhw

phlhiyhw fl o lh# Fa# Fl ghac, lh doah#

Low wvwzhczk}ow xvf fwzc fc plvyhl cobiyhc h }hykow oiafzow o nyvpo jf oiafzow# [ pvfjfc ky pyfgfjkjow jf lhwphlhiyhw low o lhw# Fa# Low ghaocfw, lhw pkfjyhw#


8/35



YFGVFYJH# LOW HJAFZK]OW

8# Gopkh low hjafzk}ow xvf hphyfgfc fc lhw wknvkfczfw oyhgkocfw#

Zvw nhmhw fwzc yflvgkfczfw# Bhyh fw bv{ hlzh Bk dkao pfxvfo fwz yfwmykhjo Fl gogdf cvf}o fwz lkbpko#

Yowh fw kczflknfczf Fl pkczo vc ifllo yfzyhzo [o fwzo{ goczfczh# Fllhw woc yfwpocwhilfw#

h# Glhwkmkgh fwow hjafzk}ow wfnc ftpyfwfc gvhlkjhjfw o fwzhjow#Gvhlkjhjfw

$Gbo woc?+Fwzhjow

$Gbo fwzc?+

9# Wviyh{h low hjafzk}ow xvf dh{ fc low wknvkfczfw nyvpow cobkchlfw { ftplkgh h xvf wvwzhczk}o wf yfmkfyf#

Zvw nhmhw fwzc yflvgkfczfw# Bhyh fw bv{ hlzh# Bk dkao pfxvfo fwz yfwmykhjo Fl gogdf cvf}o fwz lkbpko#

Yowh fw kczflknfczf# Fl pkczo vc ifllo yfzyhzo# [o fwzo{ goczfczh# Fllhw woc yfwpocwhilfw#

Ftplkgh xv ncfyo zkfcf ghjh vco jf low hjafzk}ow xvf dhw wviyh{hjo#

Low hjafzk}ow ghlkmkghzk}ow woc lhw phlhiyhw xvf ftpyfwhc gvhlkjhjfw o fwzhjow jfl wvwzhczk}o hl xvf

wf yfmkfyfc#

Low hjafzk}ow zkfcfc fl bkbo ncfyo { fl bkwbo cbfyo xvf fl wvwzhczk}o hl xvf wf yfmkfyfc#


9/35


Nyhbzkgh# F}h Dfyyfyh Yojynvfq# Pnkch ;

7# Gobplfzh ghjh nyvpo cobkchl goc vc hjafzk}o fc fl ncfyo { fl cbfyo xvf lf goyyfwpocjf#

Low##yfnhlow# Bkwhbknow# Vch gfch

Vc pyfbko# Vc ##lkiyo# Fwh##gdhxvfzh#

:# Gopkh fl gvhjyo { hchlkqh ghjh nyvpo jf phlhiyhw#

Pkco hlzo Ihyyko yvkjowo Iyvah bhl}hjh#

GLHWF JF PHLHIYHW NCFYO CBFYO


10/35



YFGVFYJH# FL HJAFZK]O#

6# Moybh hjafzk}ow fc nyhjo wvpfylhzk}o goc fwzow hjafzk}ow#

Lkbpko Ghykowo

Flfnhczf Ivfco

nkl Oyjfchjo

zkl Nyhcjf#

=# Gopkh low hjafzk}ow jfl zftzo { glhwkmghlow#

Bkw hbknow

Pfpf { Phgo woc jow hbknow bow# Low jow woc

Hlzow { boyfcow# Pfpf fw bv{ zbkjo { Phgo fw bw

Hikfyzo# Pfpf gvfczh vcow gdkwzfw bv{ nyhgkowow,

Hvcxvf Phgo co fw bfcow jk}fyzkjo xvf l Low jow

Woc wkbphzkxvwkbow# Bf lo phwo bv{ ikfc goc fllow(

Low nyhjow jfl hjafzk}o woc zyfw fl nyhjo powkzk}o, fl nyhjo gobphyhzk}o { fl nyhjo wvpfylhzk}o#

Vc hjafzk}o fwz fc nyhjopowkzk}o gvhcjo ftpyfwh vch gvhlkjhj wkc kcjkghy wv kczfcwkjhj# Fa# Nvhpo#

Vc hjafzk}o fwzh fc nyhjo gobphyhzk}o gvhcjo gobphyh lh kczfcwkjhj goc lh xvf jow wfyfw powffc vch

gvhlkjhj# Low hjafzk}ow fc nyhjo gobphyhzk}o pvfjfc ftpyfwhy kcmfykoykjhj, knvhljhj o wvpfykoykjhj#

Kcmfykoykjhj1 Fa# Fl gvfy}o fyh bfcow nvhpo xvf fl ghchyko#

Knvhljhj1 Fa#, fl gvfy}o fyh zhc nvhpo gobo fl ghchyko#

Wvpfykoykjhj1 fl gvfy}o fyh bw nvhpo xvf fl ghchyko#

Vc hjafzk}o fwz fc nyhjo wvpfylhzk}o gvhcjo ftpyfwh vch gvhlkjhj fc nyhjo btkbo# Fa# Nvhpwkbo#


11/35



NYHJO POWKZK]O

NYHJO GOBPHYHZK]O

NYHJO WVPFYLHZK]O

># Fwgykif zyfw oyhgkocfw goc ghjh hjafzk}o, ghbikhcjo fl nyhjo fc ghjh vch jf fllhw#

Pfxvfo Goczfczo Bojfyco jk}fyzkjo

YFGVFYJH# PYOCOBIYFW PFYWOCHLFW#

Glhwkmkgh low pyocobiyfw pfywochlfw jf lhw wknvkfczfw oyhgkocfw wfnc lh pfywoch h lh xvf pfyzfcfgf#

Z wkfbpyf fwzw goczfczh# Cowozyhw avnhbow goc lh ckf}f# Bk zh dhilh goc l# ]owozyhw dhikw }khahjo bvgdo#

[o ky goczkno# Co lf jkakbow chjh h fllh# Bf nvwzh zv ghbkwfzh# Z cow pfjkwzf xvf lo kc}kzyhbow#

Low pyocobiyfw pfywochlfw woc lhw phlhiyhw goc lhw xvf cobiyhbow h low wfyfw wkc vzklkqhy wvwzhczk}ow# Low

pyocobiyfw pfywochlfw pvfjfc wfy jf pykbfyh, wfnvcjh o zfygfyh pfywoch

PYKBFYH PFYWOCH WFNVCJH PFYWOCH ZFYGFYH PFYWOCH

Wkcnvlhy

zckgo [o, b, gocbkno Z, vwzfj, zk, goczkno l, fllh, w, gocwkno

zocow Bf Zf Wf, lo , lh , lf

plvyhlzckgo Cowozyow, cowozyhw ]owozyow,}owzyhw,vwzfjfw Fllow,fllhw,w,gocwkno

zocow Cow Ow Wf, low , lhw ,lfw#


12/35



PYKBFYH PFYWOCH WFNVCJH PFYWOCH ZFYGFYH PFYWOCH

Moybh oyhgkocfw# Jfwpvw, wviyh{h zojow low pyocobiyfw pfywochlfw#

[o Fllh Z ]owozyow Cowozyhw

Zf Bf Cow Wf Ow

Fcmhjhjhw Yo Pyfogvphbow Jk}kfyzf Bhygdhwzfkw#

Wvwzkzv{f lhw phlhiyhw jfwzhghjhw fc ghjh oyhgkc poy vc pyocobiyf pfywochl#

Hczocko }fcjy fc gogdf Bhyh { Hch fwzc jf }hghgkocfw# Glhyh avfnh bv{ ikfc hl ihlocgfwzo# Knchgko { Lvghw }hc h }fy fl phyzkjo#

Ghylow, Pfjyo { {o wobow bv{ hbknow# Bhyh, Whyh { z kykw poy fwf ghbkco# Lvkw { {o co pyfnvczhbow chjh# Zv nhzh fw bv{ avnvfzoch#

Yfgvfyjh gobo hchlkqhy low pyocobiyfw pfywochlfw { hchlkqh low pyocobiyfw jf fwzhw oyhgkocfw#

[o chjo fc fl bhy Cowozyhw lo zyhakbow

]owozyow cow }kwzfkw# Fl bf gocogf

Zv }fcjyw Fllh zf hpyfgkh#

GLHWF JF PHLHIYHW PFYWOCH CBFYO


13/35



YFGVFYJH# FL ]FYIO

Wviyh{h lhw phlhiyhw xvf ftpyfwhc hggkocfw#

Zojow low jhw dhno nkbchwkh l fwzvjkhih zojhw lhw zhyjfw#

Z kyw hl zfhzyo do{# Fllh fwgykif bv{ ikfc#

Glhwkmkgh lhw wknvkfczfw moybhw }fyihlfw { hhjf jow bw h ghjh nyvpo

Goyyhc Dhc kjo

Ihahw# Zfbfc

Df fwzhjo Dhw }kwzo

Dfbow yfnhjo Zfcjy

]FYIOW MOYBHW WKBPLFW ]FYIOW MOYBHW GOBPVFWZHW

Fwgykif fl kcmkckzk}o xvf goyyfwpocjf h ghjh moybh }fyihl { lvfno glhwkmghlow wfnc lh gocavnhgkc h lh xvfpfyzfcfgfc#

Ifihc Fwzvjkhyfbow

Ihklhihw Phyzkwzf

Df pfcwhjo Dhc zfbkjo

Fwgyki yfgkik

Fl }fyio woc phlhiyhw xvf ftpyfwhc hggkocfw# Ghjh }fyio zkfcf jkmfyfczfw moybhw }fyihlfw# Fl gocavczo jf

zojhw lhw moybhw wkbplfw { gobpvfwzhw jf vc }fyio gocwzkzv{fc wv gocavnhgkc#

Lhw moybhw }fyihlfw gocwzhc jf jow phyzfw1 yhq { jfwkcfcgkh#

Lh moybh goc lh xvf cobiyhbow h low }fyiow fw fl kcmkckzk}o#

Low }fyiow xvf hghihc fc hy $ pykbfyh gocavnhgkc+# Fa# Ghczhy" ghcz $yhq+#

Low }fyiow xvf hghihc fc fy $wfnvcjh gocavnhgkc+# Fa# Zfafy # zfa" $lh yhq+#

Low }fyiow xvf hghifc fc ky $zfygfyh gocavnhgkc+# Fa# Joybky joyb" $lh yhq+#


14/35


Nyhbzkgh# F}h Dfyyfyh Yojynvfq# Pnkch 8:

8 GOCAVNHGKC 9 GOCAVNHGKC 7 GOCAVNHGKC

Gopkh lhw moybhw }fyihlfw xvf dh{ fc fwzf zftzo1

Gfgklkh zfah dfybowow zhpkgfw# Zojow lh gobphyhihc goc lh jkowh Bkcfy}h#

Poy fwo, Gfgklkh jfwhmo h Bkcfy}h h xvf zfakfyh vc zhpkq bw dfybowo xvf low wv{ow#

Wfphyh lh yhq jf lh jfwkcfcgkh fc ghjh moybh }fyihl#

Pyfnvczhy

Phyz

Dhilhyc Jfikwzf

Hiykbow

Ifikfyoc

Goyyhw Pfcwhihw#

}fyio KCMKCKZK]O YHQ JFWKCFCGKH

YFGVFYJH# MOYBHW ]FYIHLFW#

Glhwkmkgh lhw wknvkfczfw moybhw }fyihlfw wfnc wv cbfyo1 wkcnvlhy o plvyhl#

Lhw moybhw }fyihlfw pvfjfc fwzhy fc wkcnvlhy o fc plvyhl#

Lhw moybhw }fyihlfw pvfjfc fwzhy fc pykbfyh, wfnvcjh o zfygfyh pfywoch#

Lhw moybhw co pfywochlfw woc lhw xvf co ftpyfwhc lh pfywoch xvf yfhlkqh lh hggkc #

Lhw moybhw co pfywochlfw woc1 kcmkckzk}o $gobfy+ nfyvcjko $gobkfcjo+ { fl phyzkgkpko $gobkjo+#


15/35



Fwgvgdhbow Hgvjw

Df pyozfwzhjo Dh }fckjo

Yfw Yfwkwzfc

Fbpfqhyw Hphyfgkfyoc#

CBFYO

WKCNVLHY PLVYHL

Gopkh lhw moybhw }fyihlfw co pfywochlfw xvf hphyfgfc fc lhw wknvkfczfw oyhgkocfw#h# H b bf nvwzh chjhy#i# Fllow fwzc hyyfnlhcjo lh ghwh#

g# Yowh cfgfwkzh jfwghcwhy#j# Bhhch poy lh bhhch }hw h pfwghy#

Fwgykif hl lhjo jf ghjh moybh wk wf zyhzh jf vc kcmkckzk}o, vc nfyvcjko o vc phyzkgkpko#

Hchlkqh lhw wknvkfczfw moybhw }fyihlfw# Fwgykif h xv }fyiow pfyzfcfgf ghjh moybh { fc xv pfywoch { cbfyofwz#

Pfcwhbow Flfnw

Dh kjo Gobf

ihklhw df dhilhjo

fwgykiky ol}kjhyoc#

Pfcwhbow ]fyio pfcwhy, pykbfyh pfywoch, plvyhl# Flfnw Dh kjo Gobf

Ihklhw Df dhilhjo Fwgykiky ol}kjhyoc


16/35


Nyhbzkgh# F}h Dfyyfyh Yojynvfq# Pnkch 8=

]vfl}f h fwgykiky lh cozh jfl kcjko, wvwzkzv{fcjo low kcmkckzk}ow jfwzhghjow poy moybhw }fyihlfw fc fl cbfyo {lh pfywoch xvf goyyfwpocjh#

]kwkzhy h lh gkvjhj#

Oao jf lkcgf { {o fwzhy fc lh gkvjhj#

H cowozyow co cow nvwzhy# Low gogdfw goyyfy

Jfbhwkhjo { lh }kjh wfy bv{ yvkjowh#

Cowozyow jfwfhy }ol}fy hl poilhjo#

YFGVFYJH# FL ZKFBO [ BOJO FC LOW ]FYIOW#

Low }fyiow wkzhc lhw hggkocfw fc fl pyfwfczf, fl phwhjo o fl mvzvyo#

h+ Fl pyfwfczf wf goyyfwpocjf goc fl bobfczo fc xvf wf dhilh# Fa# [o ghczo

i+ Fl phwhjo kcglv{f zojo fl zkfbpo xvf fw hczfykoy hl bobfczo fc xvf wf dhilh# Fa# [o ghczf o ghczhih

g+ Fl mvzvyo kcglv{f zojo fl zkfbpo xvf fw powzfykoy hl bobfczo fc xvf wf dhilh# Fa# [o ghczhy

Fl bojo jf low }fyiow yfmlfah lh hgzkzvj jfl dhilhczf hczf lo xvf jkgf# Dh{ zyfw bojow }fyihlfw1 kcjkghzk}o,

wviavczk}o, f kbpfyhzk}o#

h+ Bojo kcjkghzk}o1 phyh ftpyfwhy hggkocfw xvf pyfwfczhbow gobo yfhlfw#

i+ Bojo wviavczk}o1 phyh ftpyfwhy jfwfow o jhy yjfcfw cfnhzk}hw

g+ Bojo kbpfyhzk}o1 jhy yjfcfw hmkybhzk}hw#


17/35


Nyhbzkgh# F}h Dfyyfyh Yojynvfq# Pnkch 8>

Wviyh{h lhw moybhw }fyihlfw xvf hphyfgfc fc lhw wknvkfczfw oyhgkocfw { glhwkmghlhw wfnc fl zkfbpo xvfftpyfwhc1

Fllh lff vc lkiyo#

Fllow gobkfyoc hxv#

Gwhy ky hl bfyghjo#

[o hyyfnlhy lh ikgkglfzh

Hch fwgykif lh ghyzh#

Lvkw }kco h ghwh#

PYFWFCZF

PHWHJO O PYFZYKZO

MVZVYO

Gopkh lhw moybhw }fyihlfw jf lhw wknvkfczfw oyhgkocfw { fwgykif hl lhjo jf ghjh vch xvf zkpo jf hggkc ftpyfwh#

Jhbf zv cbfyo jf zflmoco#

Zhl }fq }h{h do{ h lh pkwgkch#

Fl zyhihah hxv#

Do{ dfbow avnhjo fc fl ahyjc

Oahlh ckf}f bhhch(

Zyhfj }vfwzyow gvhjfycow#

Oahl }ol}hbow pyoczo#

[o }khao bvgdo#

]fc hxv kcbfjkhzhbfczf#

Fl goyo ghczh ihwzhczf ikfc#

Glhwkmkgh lhw moybhw }fyihlfw xvf dhw gopkhjo# H xv bojo pfyzfcfgf?

Bojo kcjkghzk}o

Bojo wviavczk}o

Bojo kbpfyhzk}o

Hggkc yfhl

Oyjfc

Jfwfo o powkiklkjhj


18/35



4# Wviyh{h ghjh moybh }fyihl { fwgykif fl zkfbpo fc xvf wf wkzh lh hggkc# H{fy pfyjkbow fl phyzkjo#

Bhhch kyfbow hl gkcf

Fl }fyhco phwhjo mvkbow h Blhnh#

Do{ }kfcfc bkw zow#;# Lhw wknvkfczfw oyhgkocfw fwzc fc pyfwfczf# Fwgyiflhw fc phwhjo { lvfno fc mvzvyo#

Bkw hbknow dhc }kwkzhjo Whlhbhcgh#

Oahl h{fy dvikwfbow kjo hl gkcf(

Z dhilhw goc zv pyomfwoyh#

Fl wihjo gvbplky jogf how#

Fl cko gobf fc lh gogkch#

Fllh llhbh hl moczhcfyo80#Wviyh{h lhw moybhw }fyihlfw { fwgykif fl zkfbpo { fl bojo fc xvf fwzc#

Bkw hbknow dhc }kwkzhjo Whlhbhcgh# Oahl h{fy dvikwfbow kjo hl gkcf(

Fl wihjo gvbplky jogf how# Fl cko gobf fc lh gogkch#

YFGVFYJH1 LOW ZKFBPOW ]FYIHLFW#

88#Wviyh{h lhw moybhw }fyihlfw jf lhw wknvkfczfw oyhgkocfw f kcjkgh h xvf zkfbpow pfyzfcfgf#

Low zkfbpow }fyihlfw woc gocavczo jf moybhw xvf ftpyfwhc lh hggkc fc fl bkwbo zkfbpo { jf lh

bkwbh bhcfyh#

Glhwfw jf zkfbpow }fyihlfw pvfjfc wfy wkbplfw o gobpvfwzow

Low zkfbpow wkbplfw fwzc gocwzkzvkjow poy moybhw }fyihlfw wkbplfw# Fa# Ghczhw#

Low zkfbpow gobpvfwzow fwzc gocwzkzvkjow poy moybhw }fyihlfw gbpvfwzhw# Fa# Dhw ghczhjo#

Low zkfbpow pyfzykzow, pyfwfczfw { mvzvyo

Low zkfbpow pyfzykzow fwzc gocwzkzvkjow poy moybhw }fyihlfw xvf wkzhc lh hggkc fc fl phwhjo#

Fa# Ghczhwzf#

Low zkfbpow pyfwfczfw fwzc gocwzkzvkjow poy moybhw }fyihlfw xvf wkzhc lh hggkc fc fl pyfwfczf#


19/35


Nyhbzkgh# F}h Dfyyfyh Yojynvfq# Pnkch 8;

[o }k}o fc fl ghbpo

Fl dhih llhbhjo

Fllow dhiyc llfnhjo

Fllow dhc gobpyhjo vch bfwh#

Bhyh dhilh bv{ ikfc#

Z zf yfw goc wvw iyobhw#

89#Glhwkmkgh lhw wknvkfczfw moybhw }fyihlfw

MOYBHW JF PYFZFYKZO

MOYBHW JF PYFWFCZF

MOYBHW JF MVZVYO

87# Gopkh fl gvhjyo { bhygh phyh ghjh moybh }fyihl lhw ghwkllhw xvf goyyfwpocjfc#Ghczhc Wfghihc Dhiykw gobkjo Xvfbhyc whlzihbow

]FYIO ZKFBPOWKBPLF

ZKFBPOGOBPVFWZO

ZKFBPOPYFZYKZO

ZKFBPOPYFWFCZF

ZKFBPOMVZVYO

ZKFBPOPFYMFGZO

ZKFBPOKBPFYMFGZO

Dhiy gfchjo ivwg goyzkw

Dh bkyhjo pfnhyfbow fwzc

Avnhihc hcjhy gobpyhw#


20/35



8:#Hchlkqh fwzhw moybhw }fyihlfw wknvkfcjo fl bojfloKc}fczhw Df hphyghjo Phwhyhw Iha gobpyhc

]FYIO ZKFBPO BOJO PFYWOCH CBFYO

YFGVFYJH# VWO JF LOW ZKFBPO ]FYIHLFW#

86# Gobplfzh goc moybhw jf pyfzykzo pfymfgzo wkbplf o jfl pyfzykzo pfymfgzo gobpvfwzo#h# Fwzf bfw $zfcfy+##bvgdow nhwzow#i# Do{ fllow $zyhihahy+dhwzh zhyjf#g# Fl ozyo jh $}fy+##h Lvkw#j# Fl bhyzfw, fllh $gobfy+#gocbkno#f# H{fy l $llfnhy+##pyoczo#m# Fwzh zhyjf l $gobpyhy+ #fl yfnhlo#

Fl pyfwfczf wf vwh phyh ftpyfwhy hggkocfw xvf ogvyyfc bkfczyhw dhilhbow, dhikzvhlbfczf o wkfbpyf

Fa# Fllh fwz zyhcxvklh $bobfczo fc fl xvf dhilhbow+

Fa# Hl hzhyjfgfy , goyyo poy fl iowxvf $wvgfjf dhikzvhlbfczf+

Fa# Fl fafygkgko fw whlvjhilf $ ogvyyf wkfbpyf+

Low pyfzykzow pfymfgzow jf kcjkghzk}o fl pyfzykzo pfymfgzo ftpyfwh hggkocfw hghihjhw fc vc zkfbpo xvf

gocwkjfyhbow phwhjo# Fl pyfzykzo pfymfgzo gobpvfwzo ftpyfwh hggkocfw hghihjhw fc vc zkfbpo xvf

gocwkjfyhbow zojh}h gobo pyfwfczf#

Low gocjkgkochlfw1 ftpyfwh vch hggkc powzfykoy h ozyh # Fa# Pyobfzk xvf }fcjyh# Wf fbplfhc

myfgvfczfbfczf jfpfcjkfcjo jfl gvbplkbkfczo jf vch gocjkgkc # Fa# Wk nhchyh bhhch bf wfczkyh mflkq#


21/35



8=#Fl jvfcjf jf lhw phlhiyhw dh ghbikhjo lhw moybhw }fyihlfw jfl zftzo# Goyynflhw#Dh cf}hjo(

H{fy poy lh cogdf cf}hy# Poy lh bhhch,

Zojow low gdkgow jfl ihyyko whlkwzf h avnhy

Goc lh ckf}f# Fcykxvf gonfw vch fcoybf iolh

[ bf lh lhcqhyh# Whyh { {o wf lh jf}ol}kw#

Cow dh{hbow yfjo bvgdo jf l# Oahl

Lh ckf}f zhyjh fc jfyyfzkywf(

YFGVFYJH# ]FYIOW YFNVLHYFW F KYYFNVLHYFW#

8>#Wfphyh lh yhq jf lh jfwkcfcgkh fc lhw wknvkfczf moybhw }fyihlfw1Hbhyoc

Jfikbow

Fwgvyykyc

Whgvjkyh

Bfzhw

Ghczhc

Fwgvgdhy

Ifikwzfkw

fwgvyyfw

]FYIO YHQ JFWKCFCGKH

Hbhy Hb" " hyoc

Low }fyiow yfnvlhyfw woc low xvf bhczkfcfc lh yhq knvhl fc zojhw wvw moybhw { zkfcfc lhw bkwbhw

jfwkcfcgkhw xvf fl }fyio xvf lfw wky}f jf bojflo# Fa# Llfnhy" llfno, llfnhyf

Woc }fyiow kyyfnvlhyfw low xvf }hyhc lh yhq fc hlnvchw jf wvw moybhw o co zobhc lhw bkwbhw

jfwkcfcgkhw xvf fl }fyio xvf lfw wky}f jf bojflo# Fa# Hcjhy, hcjf, hcjv}f#


22/35



84# Fwgykif lhw wknvkfczfw moybhw }fyihlfw jfihao jf wv kcmkckzk}o#Pyvfihw

Wkfczfc

Wkczk

Zv}o

Jo{

Pyoihyw

Zfcno

Jkakbow

Jkgfw

jkfyoc

Pyoihy Jhy Wfczky Jfgky zfcfy

8;# Glhwkmkgh low }fyiow jf lhw wknvkfczfw oyhgkocfw fc yfnvlhyfw f kyyfnvlhyfw#" Fl wkfczf bvgdo ghloy#

" Zf fwgykiky vch cozh" [o gocjvqgo ikfc

" Fllh jvfybf ogdo doyhw#

" Hczfw zyhihahihw poy lh bhhch" Fllhw ifikfyoc qvbo jf lkbc

]fyiow yfnvlhyfw ]fyiow kyyfnvlhyfw#


23/35



YFGVFYJH1 FL NYVPO COBKCHL#

Fl nyvpo cobkchl fw vc gocavczo jf phlhiyhw xvf zkfcfc gobo flfbfczo pykcgkphl h wv wvwzhczk}o o h vch phlhiyh

fxvk}hlfczf# Hl flfbfczo pykcgkphl jfl nyvpo cobkchl lo llhbhbow cglfo $C+#

Fl nyvpo cobkchl pvfjf fwzhy moybhjo poy vch o poy }hykhw phlhiyhw# Lhw phlhiyhw xvf dhikzvhlbfczf moybhc fl

nyvpo cobkchl woc1 low wvwzhczk}ow, jfzfybkchczfw { low hjafzk}ow#

Fl wvwzhczk}o fw fl cvglf jfl nyvpo cobkchl#

Low jfzfybkchczfw woc lhw phlhiyhw xvf pocfbow jflhczf jf low wvwzhczk}ow phyh gocgyfzhylow { jfzfybkchylow

$wvflfc wfy low hyzgvlow1 l, lh, low, powfwk}ow $bkw, zvw,+ jfbowzyhzk}ow $fwow, fwzf+ low kcjfmkckjow $hlnvcow,+ { low

cvbfyhlfw $jow, zyfw,+

Fc low wknvkfczfw nyvpow cobkchlfw wviyh{h fc hqvl fl cglfo { fc yoao lowjfzfybkchczfw#

Lh dkah pfxvfh# Fwow oaow cfnyow# Vch zhyjf bv{ lhynh#

Wviyh{h low nyvpow cobkchlfw jf lhw wknvkfczfw oyhgkocfw jfwzhgh wv cglfo# Hcjyw llfnhy zhyjf# Df pfyjkjo bk lpkq cvf}o Fl hvzoy jfl lkiyo }fcjy lvfno# Fl cko lloyhih wkc gfwhy#

Moybh nyvpow cobkchlfw h phyzky jf low wknvkfczfw wvwzhczk}ow# Qhphzow

Dfybhch

Ghwh

Cvif#


24/35




25/35



YFGVFYJH1 FL HJ]FYIKO

Low hj}fyikow woc phlhiyhw xvf cobiyhc gkygvcwzhcgkhw jf lvnhy, zkfbpo, bojo, o ghczkjhj, o ikfc

ftpyfwhc hmkybhgkc, cfnhgkc o jvjh#

Low hj}fyikow woc phlhiyhw kc}hykhilfw1 co zkfcfc ncfyo, ck cbfyo, ck zkfbpo

Glhwfw1

Low hj}fyikow jf lvnhy, jf zkfbpo, bojo, ghczkjhj mvcgkochc gobo gobplfbfczo jf vc }fyio, jf vc

hjafzk}o, o jf ozyo hj}fyiko#

Fa# Lh hcgkhch dhil jfwphgko# Fl hlghljf fwzhih ihwzhczf woypyfcjkjo# Fl ghbphbfczo fwzhih jfbhwkhjo

gfygh#

Wk hhjkbow h vc hjafzk}o fc wv moybh mfbfckch lh zfybkchgkc bfczf, oizfcjyfbow vc hj}fyiko#

Fa# Hwzvzh"hwzvzhbfczf#, dikl"diklbfczf, wknklowh"wknklowhbfczf, vynfczf"vynfczfbfczf#

Wviyh{h low hj}fyikow jf fwzhw oyhgkocfw { fwgykif jf xv glhwf woc f kcjkgh lhphlhiyh h lh xvf gobplfbfczhc#

Fl golfnko fwz gfygh#

Bhynh llfn zhyjf h lhmkfwzh#

Bf nvwzh bvgdoboczhy fc ikgk#

Avhc chjh jfpykwh#

Lvnhy Zkfbpo Bojo Ghczkjhj Hmkybhgkc Cfnhgkc Jvjh

Hxv

HdHllGfyghLfaowHyykihHihaoJfczyoMvfyh

Hdoyh

LvfnoJfwpvwH{fyDo{BhhchFczocgfwPyoczoZhyjf

Ikfc

BhlHwHpykwhJfwphgko

Bw

BfcowPogoBvgdoBv{IhwzhczfJfbhwkhjoGhwk

Wk

Zhbikc

Co

Zhbpogo

Xvkq

Xvkqwhghwo


26/35


Nyhbzkgh# F}h Dfyyfyh Yojynvfq# Pnkch 9=

Wv zo fwzhih ihwzhczffcmhjhjo#

Bhhch }fc h }fybf hghwh#

Afww }k}f hyykih#

Jfifw fwzvjkhylohzfczhbfczf#

Fwgykif fwzhw oyhgkocfw hhjkfcjo vc hj}fyiko jf lh glhwf xvf wf kcjkgh# Fl afywf{ zf

wkfczh# $bojo+#

Dhwgobkjo $ghczkjhj+#

Xv }hw hdhgfy?# $zkfbpo+

Fl pvfilofwzh#$lvnhy+#

YFGVFYJH1 LOW FCLHGFW#

Low fclhgfw woc phlhiyhw xvf vcfc fczyf w ozyhw jow phlhiyhw o jow kjfhw#

Lhw pyfpowkgkocfw woc flfbfczow jf fclhgf xvf yflhgkochc vch phlhiyh goc ozyh xvf ftplkgh, gobplfbfczh o

fwpfgkmkgh h lh pykbfyh#

H, hczf, ihao, goc, goczyh, jf, jfwjf, fc, fczyf, dhgkh, dhwzh, phyh, poy, wfnc, kc, woiyf, zyhw, jvyhczf, {

bfjkhczf#

Lhw gocavnhgkocfw woc flfbfczow jf fclhgf xvf vcfc jow kjfhw wfbfahczfw#

Glhwfw1

Glhwfw jf gocavnhgkc

Glhwfw jf gocavnhgkocfw Wknckmkghjo Moybhw#


27/35


Nyhbzkgh# F}h Dfyyfyh Yojynvfq# Pnkch 9>

Gocavcgkocfw gopvlhzk}hw Jhc kjfh jf wvbh [, f, ck

Gocavcgkocfw jkw{vczk}hw Jhc kjfh jf opgkc O, v,

Gocavcgkocfw hj}fywhzk}hw Jhc kjfh jf goczyhpowkgkc# Pfyo,

90# Moybh myhwfw { wviyh{h lhw pyfpowkgkocfw#

Vcow qhphzow

Vc wobiyfo

Goc

Jf

Phyh

Lvchyfw

Gflkh#

Phah#

Ihklhy# Zh

gc#

98# Wviyh{h lhw pyfpowkgkocfw xvf hphyfqghc fc fl wknvkfczf zftzo#Low jkowfw fc}khyoc lh Fwmkcnf h low zfihcow phyh ghwzknhylow poy wv gykbfc#

Jvyhczf bvgdow how chjkf lony hjk}kchy fl fcknbh jf lh Fwmkcnf,

Dhwzh xvf poy mkc Fjkpo gocwknvk vc jh hgfyzhjo# Poy fllo, fczyf zojow low

Zfihcow jfgkjkfyoc cobiyhy h Fjkpo yf{ jf Zfihw#

99# Gobplfzh goc gocavcgkocfw { fwgykif fc ghjh ghwo xv glhwf jf gocavcgkc fw lhxvf dhw fwgykzo#

Lfocoy fw bv{

nvhph##bv{ wkbpzkgh#

Glhwf jf gocavcgkc1##

Xvfj gocFlfch##co llfn h zkfbpo#

Bk }fgkch zfcjy wkfzf

ogdo how#


Zf}kfcfwzf xvfjhw?


28/35




Co mvfyoc jow,#zyfw#



Pfjyo#Kwhiflavnhihc fc fl ahyjc#


97# Moybh myhwfw { wviyh{h lhw gocavnhgkocfw#Ghlkfczf

Plh{hGowfyJhMfo

[OPfyo

Boczhh

CogdfWkbpzkgoMyoghczhy

YFGVFYJH1 FL FCVCGKHJO#

Vc fcvcgkhjo fw vc nyvpo jf phlhiyhw oyjfchjhw xvf ftpyfwhc avczhw vch kjfh# Gvhcjo dhilhbow, dhgfbow vch

phvwh lhynh hl mkchl jfl fcvcgkhjo# [ gvhcjo fwgykikbow, pocfbow hl mkchl jfl fcvcgkhjo vc pvczo o vc wknco mkchl

jf hjbkyhgkc o jf kczfyyonhgkc#

Low fcvcgkhjow pvfjfc wfy jf jow glhwfw#

Lhw oyhgkocfw wk zkfcfc hl bfcow vch moybh }fyihl# Fa#lh gkvjhj fyh bv{ nyhcjf#

Lh myhwf co zkfcf ckcnvch moybh }fyihl# Fa# Xv bhnckmkgh gkvjhj(

Lhw kczfyafggkocfw woc lhw phlhiyhw goc lhw xvf ftpyfwhbow cvfwzyow wfczkbkfczow { cvfwzyhw kbpyfwkocfw fc

moybh ftglhbhzk}h#

9:# Moybh fcvcgkhjow { jk jf gvhczhw phlhiyhw gowzh ghjh vco#

Bhyh

Zv dfybhch

Avfnh

Lff

Vc lkiyo

Fc fl phyxvf


29/35


Nyhbzkgh# F}h Dfyyfyh Yojynvfq# Pnkch 9;

Pkczh Ikfc#

Goczfwzh1 Xv glhwf jf fcvcgkhjo dhw fwgykzo1 oyhgkocfw o myhwfw? Poy xv?

96# Wfphyh low gvhzyo fcvcgkhjow jf fwzf zftzo { fwgykif xv glhwf jf fcvcgkhjo fwghjh vco#

9=# Goc}kfyzf fwzhw myhwfw fc oyhgkocfw# Yfgvfyjh xvf zojh oyhgkc dh jf zfcfy, hlbfcow vch moybh }fyihl#

Xvf jh bw iockzo(

Vc eklo jf phzhzhw , poymh}oy,

Gvhczh nfczf

Yfgkc pkczhjo

Xv pfch(

Lhw zyfw fc pvczo#

9># Hdoyh ftpyfwh fc moybh jf myhwf lhw wknvkfczfw oyhgkocfw# Cow }fbow lvfno# Dhgf bvgdo myo#

Zfc gvkjhjo#

Woc zyfwgkfczow fvyow,poy mh}oy#

Zf jfwfo bvgdhwmflkgkjhjfw#

Fwzh zkfcjh gkfyyh low

Hdbfj zfch wolhbfczf vc mhyo# Poiyfgkllo( Pfyo fl

afxvf lo llfc jf zfwoyow# Xv wvfyzf(#


30/35



wihjow

Fa# Cow }fbow lvfno Dhwzh lvfno(

YFGVFYJH1 LH OYHGKOC [ WVW PHYZFW#

Lhw oyhgkocfw zkfcfc jow phyzfw1 fl wvafzo { fl pyfjkghjo#

Fl wvafzo jf vch oyhgkc fw vc nyvpo cobkchl moybhjo poy vch phlhiyh o vc nyvpo jf phlhiyhw# Phyh yfgocogfy fl

wvafzo ihwzh goc pyfnvczhy hl }fyio xvkfc o xvkfcfw#

Fa# Lh jkyfgzoyh jf bk golfnko gocogf bv{ ikfc lhw wfzhw# Xvkc o xvkfcfw gocogf lhw wfzhw?

94# Yflhgkoch ghjh wvafzo goc vc pyfjkghjo { fwgykif lh oyhgkc xvf zf yfwvlzf

WVAFZOW PYFJKGHJOW

Bk dfybhco

Hlnvchw wfzhw

Ghyolkch { z

[o

Fl pfyyo jf bk }fgkco

Woc bv{ }fcfcowhw

Bf lf}hczo pyoczo#

Zkfcf gkcgo how#

Lhjyh bvgdo

Lhjyh bvgdo#

]fcjykw gocbkno#

9;# Fwgykif vch oyhgkc goc ghjh wvafzo { wviyh{h fl pyfjkghjo jf ghjh oyhgkc# Hlnvch

w wfzhw#

Vc

hbkno { {o

Hxvfllh gdkgh#

Fl

bvwfo

Z { F}h#

Fl

pfq#


31/35


32/35



hbknow

Hlnvcow }fcjfjoyfw

Flghbkc hqvl#

hw ghbkwhw

Zyfw pfywochw

Flghbpo

poyzfyo jfl fxvkpo

Cvfwzyo pfyyo

Lhbhjyf jf Ioyah#

YFGVFYJH1 GLHWFW JF OYHGKOCFW#

Lhw oyhgkocfw wfnc lh kczfcgkc jfl dhilhczf pvfjfc wfy1

Oyhgkocfw fcvcgkhzk}hw1 wf vzklkqhc phyh kcmoybhy woiyf vc dfgdo o pfcwhbkfczo# Fa# Hl gocjf Mloyfw lf cobiyhc

ghpozfhc nfcfyhl#

Oyhgkocfw kczfyyonhzk}hw1 wf vzklkqhc phyh moybvlhy hlnvch pyfnvczh# Fa# Gvczow jhw pkfcwhw fwzhy poy hll?

Oyhgkocfw ftglhbhzk}hw1 wf vzklkqhc phyh ftpyfwhy woypyfwh, hjbkyhgkc, hlfnyh, zykwzfqh# Fa# Fc bk }kjh }k zhlfw

oaow(

Oyhgkocfw jvikzhzk}hw wf vzklkqhc phyh ftpyfwhy jvjh# Fa# Xvkq fl gocjf dh{h bvfyzo#

Oyhgkocfw opzhzk}hw1 wf vzklkqhc phyh moybvlhy vc jfwf# Fa# Oahlh }k}h fl gocjf zojh}h#

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fwzhy fc hlnc ghwzkllo#

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gramÁtica 3º ciclo

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