teologia guarani - graciela chamorro - portalguarani

8/9/2019 TEOLOGIA GUARANI - GRACIELA CHAMORRO - PORTALGUARANI

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VCEAEMB MSB BG
http://www.portalguarani.com/


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Mrbilcab Idbkerre

VCEAEMB MSB BG

Ieaciilg

Lmacslbs, Pucnaes y Iuaturbs

G :2

>006


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VCEAEMB MSB^BGMrbilcab Idbkerre

Ieaciilg8 Lmacslbs, Pucnaes y Iuaturbs G :2

2 Cflilg Cflilegcs Bnyb-\babBv. 2> fc Eitunrc 26-90 y ]lasegIbslaab 2=-2>-=2 30:->6= / > 30:->32Jbx8 > 30:->:= / > 30:->33

c-kbla8 [email protected]@bnybybab.ermwww.bnybybab.ermRulte- Ciubfer

Butecflilg8 Cflilegcs Bnyb-\babRulte-Ciubfer

Vrbfuiilg8 Zliterlb I. fc Zcab

Jegfe pertbfb8 Bssuge Megbavcs, Oblev-Mubrbg fca KbteMresse fe Yua-Nrbsla, 2-:

Lkprcslg8 Prefuiilegcs flmltbacs Bnyb-\babRulte-Ciubfer

Lkprcse cg Rulte-Ciubfer, Flilcknrc >006


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Fcflie cstc alnre b8

Lverl HesMbract, Oubrby hu, bklme slgmu-

abr fc aes pucnaes kny-mubrbgfca Nrbsla.

^cierfbr su iertb vlfb lgstb b pcrkbgcicr

cg ab cspcrbgzb y cg ca iekpreklse fc au-

idbr per ugb t lcrrb rcgevbfb.


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GFLIC

Bmrbfcilklcgtes....................................................................................... 29

Lgtrefuiilg ............................................................................................. 23Abs pcrpachlfbfcs fc ab lmacslb klslegcrb jrcgtc ba etre....................... 2:

Kl cxpcrlcgilb ieg aes mubrbg................................................................ >0Yenrc cstb enrb.......................................................................................... >>Getbs.......................................................................................................... > Aes mubrbg cg ab peib fc ab iegqulstb............................. 942.2.9 Aes mubrbg nbhe ca lkpbite fc ab iegqulstb curepcb....... 662.2.6 Alnrcs e jumlt lves cg sus preplbs tlcrrbs............................. 6=

2.> Ca prlgilple fc ab lfcgtlfbf mubrbg ............................................ 302.>.> Nbmbhc iuaturba c lfcgtlfbf.................................................. 39

2.9 Yenrc pbabnrb y rcalmlg mubrbg ............................................ 3:2.9.2 Ab pbabnrb y abs cxpcrlcgilbs fc ab vlfb.............................. 3:2.9.> Ab pbabnrb-bakb................................................................... 3=2.9.9 Pbabnrb ieke pbrbflmkb rltuba .......................................... 3Ab pbabnrb eavlfbfbAb prejcib mubrbg iegtrb ab klslg irlstlbgb ...................................... =2>.2 Afcrcs mubrbg y vlrtufcs idbkglibs fc aes klslegcres......... =>>.> Fc ike aes afcrcs lgfmcgbs iegtrbflhcreg

ab prcflibilg irlstlbgb................................................................. =3>.>.2 Aes prlkcres cgjrcgtbklcgtes............................................ =3>.>.> Furbgtc ab lkpabgtbilg fc abs rcfuiilegcs hcsultbs......... =


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>.>.9 Iubgfe aes hcsultbs iekcgzbreg b cstbnacicrsc................. .9 Ca ibritcr prejtlie fc ab pbabnrb mubrbg.................................. .9.2 Aes prejctbs lgfmcgbs ge cstg ks baa fc ae seilba ..... .9.> Ab pealmlglb lgfmcgb vcrsus ab kegembklb irlstlbgb...... 202>.9.9 Ab vlfb alnrc cg abs scavbs vcrsus abs rcfuiilegcs............... 209>.9.6 Ab fbgzb rltuba y etres rltes ba scrvlile fc ab prejcib....... 203

>.6 Aes pre-flaemes y sus iegsciucgilbs pbrbab tceaemb irlstlbgb....................................................................... 20=>.6.2 Ca iucstlegbklcgte fc ab uglvcrsbalfbf.............................. 20=>.6.> Klslg, sunhctlvlfbf y pefcr .............................................. 220>.6.9. Ca fcsbje fca flaeme lgtcriuaturba8 ca chckpae

fcPbl Yukc......................................................................... 22>Getbs.......................................................................................................... 22:

YCMSGFB PB^VCVCEIEYKEAEMB

Ibptuae 9^cprcscgtbilegcs fc ab pbabnrb erlmlgba ................................................. 2>39.2 Ab dlsterlb...................................................................................... 2>3

9.> Hbsuob8ca prlgilple fca Ycr y fca Ycr Ircbfer ............................. 2>.2 Ca slknealske fc ab sustbgilb-kbfrc .............................. 2>.> Ca slknealske fca ibgbste, fca nbkn

y fcilcrtes rneacs.............................................................. 2909.>.9 Ca slknealske fca jaulfe vltba ............................................. 2929.>.6 Ca slknealske fc ab kuhcr y abs vlrtufcs fc Hbsuob

cg ab dlsterlb........................................................................ 29>9.9 Prlgilpbacs pcrsegljlibilegcs fc ae Flvlge ................................. 293

9.9.2 Gucstre Pbfrc,Gucstrb Kbfrc y ab Ybnlfurb ........... 2939.9.> Drecs iuaturbacs8 dbicr dbnltbnac ca kugfe,

vcgicr ba hbmubr.................................................................... 2949.9.9 Pbfrcs y Kbfrcs fc abs pbabnrbs-bakb fc erlmcg flvlge.... 262

9.6 Btrlnutes flvlges.......................................................................... 2669.3 Abs flvlglfbfcs mubrbg y ca kegetcske irlstlbge ................... 26:

9.3.2 Ab lkpabgtbilg fca kegetcske cg Lsrbca........................ 26:9.3.> Kegetcske c lgiauslvlfbf................................................. 26.2 Yenrc ab cxprcslg tlcrrb slg kbacs

y sus fcspabzbklcgtes......................................................... 2=:6.>.> Ab tlcrrb slg kbacs cg aes rcabtes lgfmcgbs .................... 2=.9 Ca dcide fc cstbr cg ibklge8 skneae

fcalncrtbf y fcstlcrre ......................................................... 2466.9 Ca Ycr Ircbfer y su Ybnlfurb Ircbferb...................................... 24:

6.9.2 B prepslte fc aes trklges BrboubbyKnbcoubb........... 24:6.9.> Ab sbnlfurb cg ab iegstruiilg fca kugfe....................... 24=

6.6 Ca bmub ieke kbfrc cs kbtcrlb prlkerflba ................................ 240=3.9 Ab nljuribilg fc ab pbabnrb......................................................... >00 Ab nljuribilg fc ab pbabnrb ieke lrb

y bite fc ejcgfcr .............................................................. >29

3.9.9 Ca bfuatcrle........................................................................... >>03.9.6 Ca kba cg ab tlcrrb y aes kbadcidercs ................................. >>23.6 Ab iegqulstb csplr ltuba fc aes mubrbg, cg mubrbg ..................... >>>

3.6.2 Irlstlbglzbrsc ieke dukbglzbrsc.................................... >>93.6.> Irlstlbglzbrsc ieke tergbrsc vbrg................................. >>63.6.9 Irlstlbglzbrsc ieke fcspehbr ba idbkg

fc su scr fc idbkg ........................................................... >>63.3 Ab rcfcgilg fca fcilr .................................................................. >>:

3.3.2 Crmulrsc8 c............................................................................. >>:3.3.> Baibgzbr mrbgfczb fca ierbzg8 pyb mubsu........................ >>=3.3.9 Aacmbr b ab pacgltuf8 bmuyhc.................................................. >>4

Vceaemb mubrbg/


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3.3.6 Vlcrrb y pbabnrb slg kbacs8 yvy db cc kbrgcy............... >>99

3.:.2 Ylg ab jlmurb fc ug Ybavbfer ................................................ >993.:.> Hcss rcsuiltbfe y gucstres dcrkbges................................ >9=

Getbs.......................................................................................................... >6>

VC^IC^B PB^VCPB^BFLMKB ^LVSBA

Ibptuae :

Alturmlb fc ab pbabnrb sbirbkcgtes fc ab vlfb........................................ >32:.2 Aes rltes mubrbg y ab cxpcrlcgilb fc abs rcfuiilegcs................. >32

:.2.2 Ab kslib............................................................................. >32:.2.> Aes nbgquctcs y abs jlcstbs .................................................. >39:.2.9 Ca tlckpe rcfuilfe .............................................................. >33

:.> Aes kla restres fc ab fbgzb y fc ab pbabnrb................................. >3::.>.2 Ca tcstlkegle fc aes iegqulstbfercs .................................. >3=:.>.>cknec Ab Pacmbrlb ........................................................ >3.9 Perbdl ibgilg................................................................. >:2:.>.6ccgmbrbl , ckecc rcabte, flsiurse.............................. >:6

:.>.3 Mubdu- abkcgte ................................................................. >:::.>.: Tegfre- fcjcgsb ............................................................... >:=:.>.= Oetydu flvcrslg ............................................................... >:4

:.9 ltubalzbr ab pbabnrb ieke lkltbilg fc ug bite prlkerflba..... >=0:.6 Ab pbabnrb - sbirbkcgte ieke ibklgbtb.................................... >=>:.3 Pbabnrb quc iucgtb ab dlsterlb fca iucrpe fca kbz.................... >=3:.: Ab pbabnrb quc preperilegb ug aumbr pbrb s .............................. >=4:.= Ab pbabnrby ca geknrc................................................................. >4>

:.=.2 Ab alturmlb obl ev8 kltknery.......................................... >49:.=.> Ca rltuba kny8 glkegmbrbl.................................................. >44

:.4 Ab sbirbkcgtbalfbf fc ab pbabnrb................................................. >:.4.> cieskljlibilg fc ab pbabnrb ............................................ > Ca rccgiucgtre ieg ca etre lgfmcgb......................................... 904=.9 Nbhe ca skneae fca brie lrls......................................................... 92>

20/Mrbilcab Idbkerre


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=.9.2 Lgiauslvlske ieke enstiuae pbrb ca flaemelgtcrrcalmlese........................................................................ 929

=.9.> Lgiauslvlske ieke prlgilple fca flaeme lgtcrrcalmlese ... 926=.9.9 Paurbalske y flaeme lgtcrrcalmlese..................................... 92:=.9.6 Flaeme ieke pbabnrb lgfmcgb.......................................... 924

=.6 Flaeme, maenbalzbilg y pucnaes lgfmcgbs................................ 92=

Bgcxes

Bgcxe L8 Maesbrle mubrbg-cspbea.......................................................... 933

Bgcxe LL 8 Idbkbgcs tuplgbknieg susknbrbob................................. 9:9

Bgcxe LL L8 Ca cspbile vltba, tcoedb, mubrbg ............................................. 9:6

Bgcxe LZ8 Ab ibsb iekugba, em musu, mubrbg ......................................... 9:3

BgcxeZ8 Ab aeibalzbilg fc aes mubrbg bitubacs.................................... 9::

Bgcxe ZL8 Aes jrcgtcs klslegcres fc ab prevlgilb hcsutlibfca Pbrbmuby.............................................................................................. 9:=

Bgcxe ZLL8 Vceieskeaemboblev-mubrbg8ugb lgtulilg kegetcstb5....................................................................... 9:4

Vceaemb mubrbg/22


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BM^BFCILKLCGVEY

Pbrb csirlnlr y punalibr cstb enrb iegt ieg ab ieepcrbilg,pety-r, fc abs slmulcgtcs pcrsegbs y cgtlfbfcs.

Ca Ycrvlile fc Fcsbrreaae fc abs Lmacslbs (Cvbgmcalsidcr Cgtwli-

oaugmsflcgst CCF) preperileg abs iegflilegcs kbtcrlbacs pbrb kltrbnbhe cg ab Klsslegsbobfcklc fc ab Sglvcrslfbf fc Dbknurme, Bac-kbglb.Bqu iegt ieg ca bpeye lgtcacituba fc kls ieacmbs, tuvc ab eper-tuglfbf fc iegtlgubr kl rcjacxlg senrc ab csplrltubalfbf mubrbg y fciekpbrtlrab cg gucstres cvcgtes y cg aes fc etrbs lgstltuilegcs. Ieku-glibr ab sbnlfurb lgfmcgb pbrb ug pnalie flstlgte ba quc cstbnb bies-tuknrbfb cxlml fc k ugb rcaciturb fc kls trbnbhes prcvles, ugb jer-kb fcdbicr scgtbr, bknebpyob, abs pbabnrbs quc dbnb efe, prejcrl-fe, acfe y csirlte.

Ybgfrb Oglm (fc Pbte Nrbgie) flmlt aes prlkcres ibptuaes,

Aerbil Dejkbgg Vegus (Pbte Nrbgie), Ncttlgb Alidtacr (Ye Acepea-fe), Crdbrf Mcrstcgncrmcr (Kbrnurm), ba Jergct-Nctbgieurt (Bb-idcg), Klidbca Nlcda (Dbknurme) y Fbglca Idlquctc (Kxlie) acycregkl csirlte, ae rcvlsbreg, flsiutlcreg iegklme kls lfcbs y puslcreg b klflspeslilg sumcrcgilbs quc ilcrtbkcgtc iabrljlibreg kl pcgsbklcgte cdlilcreg ks bmrbfbnac ab aciturb fca tcxte.

Mulaacrke ]lafc (Nucges Blrcs), Brtcge Ypcaakclcr y IcilalbNejj (Ye Acepeafe), Bfcalgb Puslgcrl, Bgnba c Lsbnca Ygidcz (Bsug-ilg), Ycrmle y Nabgib Abuscocr (Dcrgbgfbrlbs), Gbgiy Ibrfese (YePbuae), Jrbuoc Alctz (Ncrag) y Obthb Dclfckbggs (Bbidcg), kc btcg-flcreg ieg sealiltuf iubgfe rcqucr su byufb, cgvlgfekc kbtcrlbacsge flspeglnacs cg Dbknurme. Bqu, ca pcrsegba fc ab Nlnaletcib fc abLmacslb fca Gertc fca Canb (Gerfcanlsidc Olridcgnlnaletdco) iegtrlnu-y ieg cjlilcgilb cg iubgte b abs jucgtcs flspeglnacs cg su bicrve.

Aceglic Banrcidt kc bpey iulfbgfe fc kls glbs y fc ab lg-jrbcstruiturb fc gucstrb ibsb, ae quc juc kuy vbalese pbrb quc ye pu-flcrb iegicgtrbrkc cg ab rcfbiilg fc cstc alnre. Kls dlhbs, Hbilbrb yBrbk, bs ieke kl cspese, ]batcr, rcslgtlcreg kl buscgilb ieg jrc-


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iucgilb, slg cknbrme slmulcreg fgfekc ca bjcite slg ca iuba ge pefrbdbncr iegiaufe cstc preycite.

Aes mrupes mubrbg iegtlgubreg iekpbrtlcgfe iegklme su sb-nlfurb cg aes peies fbs quc pufc pbsbr ieg caaes cg aes atlkes bes.Ylg sus pbabnrbs ge kc dbnrb slfe peslnac csirlnlr. Cs kl fcsce quccaaes ieke tefbs abs pcrsegbs y cgtlfbfcs quc pbrtlilpbreg flrcitbkcg-tc cg ab rcbalzbilg fc cstc alnre y abs quc kc sestuvlcreg csplrltubakcg-tc y iulfbreg kl nlcgcstbr bicptcg kls ks slgicres bmrbfcilklcgtes,bcvctc!

Mrbilcab IdbkerreDbknurme, 26 fc huale fc >006



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LGV^EFSIILG

B pcsbr fc quc ab feklgbilg senrc aes mrupes lgfmcgbs cg Yu-fbkrlib fur slmaes, gl abs klslegcs rcalmlesbs gl aes ieaeglzbfercsiegslmulcreg supabgtbr abs rcalmlegcs fc aes pucnaes bnermcgcs.Ba ieg-

trbrle, cs cg ca ibkpe rcalmlese quc kuides fc cstes mrupes rcsurmlc-reg y rcslstlcreg, prlkcrbkcgtc, iegtrb ca preycite ieaeglba y ks tbr-fc iegtrb ca fc lgtcmrbilg gbilegba. Bs iegslmulcreg pcrkbgcicr jlc-acs b aes mrbgfcs vbaercs fc su slstckb iuaturba, bugquc, pbrb kbgtcgcreiuatbs sus vcrfbfcrbs irccgilbs, tuvlcreg quc lgierperbr ab gucvb rc-almlg cg ca ibkpe fc su jeaiaer y sus iestuknrcs. Ylg cknbrme, etreslgfmcgbs dlilcreg ugb mrbgflesb sgtcsls cgtrc sus rcalmlegcs erlmlgb-rlbs y cackcgtes fc ab rcalmlg irlstlbgb,ba pugte fc aacmbr b dbnabrsc cgug irlstlbglske bkcrlgfle, iekpbrbnac ba irlstlbglske rekbge y er-tefexe y cg ug sustrbte ibtalie fca pcgsbklcgte fc ab penabilg

kcstlzb abtlgebkcrlibgb.2Cstc trbnbhe bnerfb y prejugflzb cstbs iucstlegcs rcalmlesbs quc

iegilcrgcg b aes lgfmcgbs fc Yufbkrlib, pbrtlcgfe fc trcs mrupesmubrbg iegtckpergces8 aes kny, aes oblev e pbl-tbvytcr y aes bg-fcvb e idlrlp. Cstes mrupes ge pucfcg scr tekbfes ieke chckpae fcug irlstlbglske bkcrlgfle, pcre s pucfcg scr iegtbfes cgtrc abs pe-nabilegcs bnermcgcs quc kbgtlcgcg ugb rcabilg kbrmlgba, bugqucierflba, ieg ca irlstlbglske. Lgtcrprcte bs ca dcide fc quc caaes bicptb-reg ab prcscgilb fc klslegcres y klslegcrbs fc vbrlbs lmacslbs irlstlbgbscg sus bafcbs, quc jrciucgtbrbg aes scrvliles rcalmleses icacnrbfes percstes bmcgtcs y quc, cvcgtubakcgtc, sc fchbrbg nbutlzbr per aes klsle-gcres,slg quc cse slmgljlibrbca bnbgfege fc abs pritlibs rcalmlesbs trb-flilegbacs y fc su ibacgfbrle al trmlie trbflilegba. Ylg fufb dby ibsescg quc ca abrme y slstcktlie iegtbite ieg abs lmacslbs fcspabz ab jlfcal-fbf fc bamugbs jbklalbs fc su jc trbflilegba dbilb ab ibtalib e ab pretcs-tbgtc, pcre ye ge dc trbnbhbfe ieg flides mrupes.

\baes bgtcpbsbfes fc aes mubrbg bitubacs tuvlcreg ugb bpcrturbcsplrltuba jrcgtc b ab rcalmlg quc aes cvbgmcalz, lgierperbgfe ku-idbs pritlibs rcalmlesbs fc aes klslegcres. Pcre cse ge fcnc lgfuilr b


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irccr quc cg csc pcrefe ge dune iegjalites y cgjrcgtbklcgtes ieg tr-mlies cplsefles cgtrc aes lgfmcgbs y sus iegqulstbfercs csplrltubacs.Iurlesbkcgtc, abs mucrrbs rcalmlesbs cgtrc lgfmcgbs y irlstlbges jucregibusbfbs per csc kefe fc scr fc aes bnermcgcs. Ab bicptbilg fcairlstlbglske fc bamugb jerkb slmgljlibnb ab bnflibilg fc sus rcalmlegcsy iestuknrcs erlmlgbacs. Cstc iekpertbklcgte juc lgtcrprctbfe per aesklslegcres ieke lgibpbilfbf quc tcgbg aes pucnaes lgfmcgbs pbrbflsicrglr ae jbase fc ae vcrfbfcre e ieke prucnb fc quc caaes crbg vua-gcrbnacs jrcgtc b ab kbglpuabilg flbnalib. Cg bknes ibses aes cvbg-

mcalzbfercs iegslfcrbreg quc ab bitltuf fc aes lgfmcgbs fcnb scrcxtlrpbfb.

Cg ca ibse cspcijlie fc aes mubrbg, mrbilbs b aes cstufles bgtre-peamlies y ctge-dlstrlies, cstb rcabtlvb ierflbalfbf ieg ca irlstlbgls-ke, bycr y dey,pucfc cxpalibrsc pbrtlcgfe fca iegicpte-cxlstcgilb pb-abnrb. Cg cstb ibtcmerb cst ca pugte jucrtc fc abs ircbilegcs fca mru-pe, su buteiekprcgslg, su ieskeaemb y ae quc pefckes iegslfcrbrquc cs su rcalmlg. Abs jucgtcs fc cstb pbabnrb seg ab kckerlb y ab lgs-plrbilg. Caab ge cxlstl erlmlgbakcgtc cg jerkb csirltb y per tbgte gecrb pbrb scr acfb, slge pbrb scr flidb, csiuidbfb y vlstb. \ ca dcide fcquc cstb sbnlfurb ge juc csirltb ge cs ugb jbatb,ieke acs pbrcil b aesiegqulstbfercs, slge ugb ibrbitcrstlib cstruiturba cscgilba fc abs rcal-mlegcs lgfmcgbs. Ge slcgfe csirltb, su jugilg ge cs scr ug ieghugtefcgerkbs fca iekpertbklcgte rcalmlese.> Caab ge cs ugb rcmab ug ib-geg fc vcrfbfcs tceamlibs fc iuyb bicptbilg e rcidbze fcpcgfbab lgtcmrbilg fc ugb pcrsegb cg ug mrupe e su cxiauslg fca klske.Cstb pbabnrb ge tlcgc ab jugilg fc fcsbtbr flsputbs tceamlibs gl ab fcfcsbuterlzbr e bgbtcklzbr b etrbs cxpcrlcgilbs rcalmlesbs e rcjacxlegcstceamlibs. Ba iegtrbrle, ab pbabnrb, ieke ab iegilncg y ab vlvcg aes

mubrbg, cs ae quc prcflspegc y ibpbiltb b aes lgfmcgbs pbrb ca flaeme.Cg cstc scgtlfe ibnc rcierfbr ieg Kcal, quc aes klslegcres kestrbregrcpctlfbkcgtc ugb rcabtlvb lgibpbilfbf fc cgtrbr cg flaeme ieg seilc-fbfcs lgfmcgbs bicgtubfbkcgtc kstlibs, ieke aes mubrbg, y cse vlc-gc b scr ug prenackb tceamlie fc ilcrtb lkpertbgilb yb quc pcrkltciucstlegbr ca tlpe fc cxpcrlcgilb rcalmlesb fc cstes cvbgmcalzbfercs.9

Abs pcrpachlfbfcs fc ab lmacslb klslegcrbjrcgtc ba etre

Fcsfc ca surmlklcgte fc abs prlkcrbs iegmrcmbilegcs irlstlbgbs,aes scmulfercs y abs scmulferbs fc Hcss sc fcpbrbreg ieg fes cgscbg-

2:/Mrbilcab Idbkerre


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zbs flstlgtbs jrcgtc b abs rcalmlegcs ge irlstlbgbs y b ab mrbg ieklslgquc acs juc cgibrmbfb (Kt >4.20). Klcgtrbs quc Hubg fcjcgfb ugbiegtlgulfbf cgtrc ab dlster lb mcgcrba (pbmbgb) y ab dlsterlb cspcilba fcab sbavbilg (hufce-irlstlbgb) (Hg 2.2-4), Pbnae cs rcprcscgtbfe cg aesDcides fc aes Bpsteacs ieke uge quc cgscbnb quc fcnb dbncr ugbrupturb rbfliba cgtrc ca kugfe irlstlbge y ca pbmbge (Dcides 26.23?2=.90).

Abs iegtrbfliilegcs cg ab bitltuf fc abs iekuglfbfcs irlstlbgbsrcspcite b cstc prenackb sc enscrvbg tbknlg cg etres tcxtes fca alnre

fc aes Dcides fc aes Bpsteacs. Ycmg Dcides 2=.>>->9, per chckpae,Pbnae dbnb tekbfe peslilg b jbver fc ab cxpcrlcgilb csplrltuba fc aespbmbges y dbic use fc ab klskb cg su trbnbhe klslegcre.6 Pbuae Yucssfckucstrbquc cstb tcgslg iegtlgu cg ca pcrefe fc ab pbtrstlib y qucbiekpbb ab dlsterlb fca irlstlbglske.

Fcsfc ab pbtrstlib dbstb dey, fes feitr lgbs y pritlibs klslegcrbs se-nrcsbacg cg jerkb iegiekltbgtc. Sgb fciabrb quc abs iuaturbs pbmbgbscstg jucrb fc ab dlsterlb fc ab sbavbilg y ge pucfcg iegtrlnulr ba irls-tlbglske, iubal tbtlvbkcgtc yb jerkbfe (bitl tuf lgtcmrbileglstb). Ab

pacgltuf iubgtltbtlvb scrb cgtegics ab tbrcb fc ab klslg y,sl jucrb prc-ilse, ieg cspbfb y vbrb fc dlcrre. Ab etrb ierrlcgtc bfkltc cgiegtrbrcg abs iuaturbs pbmbgbs ducaabs fc sbavbilg e fcstcaaes fc ab vcrfbf(bitltuf ciaitlib).3

B ae abrme fcsu dlsterlb, ab lmacslb slckprc nusi cg aes csirltespbtrstlies aes jugfbkcgtes pbrb su pritlib y pbrb ab jerkuabilg fcsu feitrlgb. Abkcgtbnackcgtc, dbstb ca Iegilale Zbtlibge L L, caab sc slr-vl kuide ks fc bqucaaes csirltes quc cxiauycreg b abs iuaturbs pb-mbgbs fc ab dlsterlb fc ab sbavbilg. Ab klslg fc ab Lmacslb ekbgb y

fca pefcr lnrlie cgtrc aes pucnaes lgfmcgbs fc abs Bkrlibs cs, cg cs-tcscgtlfe, uge fc aes chckpaes ks iabres fc ae quc crb ibpbz ugb tce-aemb quc etermbnb ca pefcr fc lgvbflr, iegqulstbr, cxpuasbr, fcrretbr ysunyumbr b aes cgcklmes fc ab irlstlbgfbf.:

Cstb jerkb fc pcgsbr y bitubr tcrklg cgtcrrbgfe ab epertugl-fbf quc ca irlstlbglske tuve fc cstbnacicr ug lgtcgse y cgrlqucicferiegtbite ieg abs ks fljcrcgtcs rcalmlegcs y iuaturbs. Fc ab klskb kb-gcrb, cstciekpertbklcgte dlze quc Curepb cxpcrlkcgtbrb ab cxlstcg-ilb fca etre ieke ugb iegjregtbilg rbfliba8 Rustbtusierrcspeg-fb b aes scrcs fc abs gucvbs tlcrrbs5 Crbg caaes dukbges5 Ieg abs guc-

Vceaemb mubrbg/2=


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vbs cxpcrlcgilbs vlvlfbs per aes curepces cg Lgflb, Idlgb, Hbpg yBkrlib yb ge nbstbnb fljcrcgilbr b irlstlbges fc pbmbges y iuatu-rb fc nbrnbrlc pbrb cstuflbr scrlbkcgtc aes prenackbs bgtrepeaml-ies. Pcre aes iucstlegbklcgtes y abs ir tlibs ba slstckb vlmcgtc cgtegics,bs ieke abs batcrgbtlvbs quc jucreg prepucstbs b stc, tuvlcreg cie cgug knlte kuy rcstrlgmlfe. Cg ca rcste, ab tceaemb irlstlbgb slmul slcg-fe pretciterb c lgicgtlvbferb fc iegqulstbs.

Ab sltubilg fc aes pucnaes lgfmcgbs iegqulstbfes cg Icgtreb-krlib, cg ab Bkrlib Lgsuabr y cg ab fca Gertc crb iegeilfb cg Curepb

fcsfc ca slmae TZL b trbvs fc ab enrb fc Abs Ibsbs? ab sltubilg fc aeslgfmcgbs sufbkrlibges, per kcfle fc abs ibrtbs fc aes hcsultbs. Pcrecstbs getlilbs ge jucreg tekbfbs cg iucgtb cg abs enrbs fc aes tcaemestlies curepces. Cg abs lmacslbs y ab seilcfbf, fc ugb kbgcrb mcgcrba,prcvbacil ab kcgtbalfbf fc quc aes pucnaes lgfmcgbs iegtbitbfes fc-nbg scr fcstrulfes e lgierperbfes ba feklgle fc ab Lmacslb y Yu Kbhcs-tbf. rbsc ugb vcz Curepb y , bs sc rcsukb ab dlsterlb fc aes puc-naes iegqulstbfes, scmg ae rciucrfb Keglet.= Cstb klskb iegflilg cg su vcrslg erlmlgba e trbgspabgtbfb b aes Cstbfes Sglfes fc Gertcb-

krlib kbri abs ckprcsbs klslegcrbs pretcstbgtcs fca slmae TLT.Cs seabkcgtc b pbrtlr fca jlgba fc cstc slmae quc aes pucnaes lgf-mcgbs ckpczbreg b scr vlstes yb ge ieke fcsves e rcslfues fc ab il-vlalzbilg eiilfcgtba, slge ieke suhctes fetbfes fc etrb rbilegbalfbf,ieke bitercs seilbacs ibpbics fc fcstbibrsc cg iegtrbstc ieg aes ibtc-qulstbs y aes ieaeglzbfercs. Aucme, ab paurbalfbf aacm b scr tekbfb cgiucgtb fc ugb kbgcrb cxpailtb cg ca knlte bibfklie y ciacslstlie.Ca surmlklcgte fc cstb iegilcgilb fc ab paurbalfbf trbhe gucvbkcgtc bieabilg ca prenackb jugfbkcgtba quc yb dbnb eiupbfe aes glkes fcabs prlkcrbs iekuglfbfcs irlstlbgbs8 Ru peslilg fcncg tekbr abs

lmacslbs irlstlbgbs jrcgtc b etrbs rcalmlegcs5 Abs rcspucstbs cg abs lmacslbsvbrbg dey cgtrc8 2) ab gcmbilg rbfliba fc acmltlklfbf fc iubaqulcr rc-almlg ge irlstlbgb peslilg fc aes scitercs fc erlcgtbilg ks jugfb-kcgtbalstb y trbflilegba? >) ab bicptbilg fc ab cxlstcgilb fc cstbs rcal-mlegcs y ca rciegeilklcgte fc sus fcrcides, pcre slg lgtcrs cg rcabile-gbrscieg caabs cg ca knlte rcalmlese peslilg fc scitercs ks alncrb-acs y sciuabrlzbfes? y 9) ab bpcrturb pbrb iegeicr cstbs rcalmlegcs y kbg-tcgcr ieg caabs ug flaeme lgtcrrcalmlese peslilg fc scitercs fcerlcgtbilg ks iuaturbalstb y ciukglib.



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Ab iabsljlibilg iaslib fc aes iekpertbklcgtes fc abs lmacslbsirlstlbgbs y fc sus tcaemes y tcaembs jrcgtc b etrbs rcalmlegcs tekb cgiucgtb ab prcpegfcrbgilb fc trcs bitltufcs8 ca cxiauslvlske, ca lgiausl-vlske y ca paurbalske, bgiabfbs rcspcitlvbkcgtc cg ca ciacsle-icgtrls-ke, ca irlste-icgtrlske y ca tce-icgtrlske.4

Ab bitltuf cxiauslvlstb prcsupegc ug iegicpte fc vcrfbf quc rc-fuic ab rcvcabilg fc Fles b ug glie acgmubhc, b su trbflilg, y alkltbab jc b ug glie slstckb fc iegeilklcgte quc rclvlgflib pbrb s ab cx-iauslvlfbf fca biicse b Fles.< Fca abfe irlstlbge,cstb bitltuf iegflile-

gb ab sbavbilg ba iegeilklcgte fc Hcsuirlste y b ab pcrtcgcgilb b ab Lmac-slb ieke rcqulslte lrrcgugilbnac.20 Ieke cg ca dcgetcske, cg cstb bi-tltuf sc pucfc lgiause bfkltlr quc abs etrbs rcalmlegcs tlcgcg su vbaer,pcre sc ircc quc caabs ge tlcgcg ug ibritcr rcvcabterle gl quc seg setc-rleamlibs, yb quc seg tbg sae jrute fc ab rcjacxlg y ca csjucrzedukbge.22

Ab bitltuf lgiauslvlstb tlcgfc b rclgtcrprctbr tefbs abs iesbs fcg-tre fc ugb klskb amlib, iegvlrtlgfeabs cg bslklabnacs y rcfuilcgfeabs fljcrcgilbs b bspcites fc ugb glib vcrfbf 2>. Yc cgtlcgfc quc abs

vlrtufcs setcrleamlibs fc Hcss y quc ab biilg fca Csprltu Ybgte pcr-kcbnlalzbg tefe ca nlcg iegtcglfe y vlvlfe cg etrbs rcalmlegcs29, cg absiubacs tbknlg sc kbgljlcstbg ab mrbilb y ab rcvcabilg fc Fles. Cstbs rc-almlegcs pucfcg lgiause scr kcfle fc sbavbilg, pcre sl sbavbg tba ie-ke ab sbavbilg fc Hcsuirlste, sus ircycgtcs slg cknbrme ge cstg iegs-ilcgtcs fc cste.Yc trbtb fc irlstlbges bgglkes pcrtcgcilcgtcs fc bamu-gb kbgcrb b ab Lmacslb. Cstb cs ab pacgltuf fc abs etrbs rcalmlegcs, y Hcsu-irlste cs ca icgtre fc ab dlsterlb fc ab sbavbilg.26

Ca lgiauslvlske tlcgfc b bfeptbr ug flsiurse nbstbgtc mcgrlieuglvcrsba, cg ca iuba abs iuaturbs, per scr prefuiterbs fc sunhctlvlfbfcs,

sc rcacmbg b ug pabg sciugfbrle, fcsbpbrcicg cg ab kcflfb cg quc scabs rckltc b ugb ibusb prlkb8 Fles e ab gbturbaczb fchbgfe fc tekbrcg iucgtb abs ibusbs scmugfbs, sltubfbs cg ca knlte fc abs trbflile-gcs.23 Ca lgiauslvlske prcsupegc ugb glib iuaturb fc tba jerkb qucabs fljcrcgilbs cgiegtrbfbs seg kbtlics fc ugb klskb rcbalfbf. Ab ns-qucfb fc cstb gbturbaczb dukbgb uglvcrsba, quc fcncrb scr baibgzbfbks baa fc abs iuaturbs, cst cg ab rbz fc ab nsqucfb fc ugb rcalmlgdukbgb purljlibfb quc fcncrb scr cgiegtrbfb baacgfc abs iuaturbs.2:

Ab bitltuf paurbalstb rciegeic quc tefbs abs rcalmlegcs seg ibkl-ges quc iegfuicg b Fles, ca Bnseaute. Ibfb ugb fc caabs cst fetbfb fc

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pacgbs iegflilegcs setcrleamlibs, slg ab gcicslfbf fc ab tutcab irlstlbgb.Irlste cs ca ibklge pbrb aes irlstlbges,Nufb pbrb aes nuflstbs? y Orlsd-gb e bkb pbrb aes dlgfcs. Yu pcrspcitlvb cs tceigtrlib y ge irlste-igtrlib.2= Cstb bitltuf lgtcgtb kbribr iabrbkcgtc ca akltc cgtrc absrcalmlegcs, ba klske tlckpe quc cstlkuab ab nsqucfb fc ugb prejug-flzbilg iegstbgtc cg ca lgtcrler fc ibfb trbflilg rcalmlesb.24 Ge se-abkcgtc abs rcalmlegcs, slge ab rcbalfbf klskb cs paurba y, per tbgte, rc-abtlvb. Ge cxlstc rcfuitl e bf uguk, iubrcgtb slmaes fc lgtcgtes kba ae-mrbfes cg ca ibkpe lgtcacituba ae btcstlmubg. Abs rcalmlegcs seg flstlg-

tbs cgtrc s, ge dbnabg fc ae klske y seg lrrcfuitlnacs cg ca pabg aml-ie e rbilegba? sae pucfcg scr iekpbmlgbfbs pbrtlcgfe fc ugb pcrspci-tlvb ks gtlkb, ks cxlstcgilba.20

Dbme rcjcrcgilb ba lgiauslvlske perquc,b pcsbr fc aes rlcsmes cgquc lgiurrc, irce quc cs ibpbz fc bnrlr bamugbs pucrtbs fcgtre fca pre-ple irlstlbglske, scb cg ab trbflilg nnalib, scb cg ab trbflilg tceaml-ib. Cstbs pucrtbs pucfcg fbr biicse b jucgtcs fc sbncr y fc kstlib ea-vlfbfbs cg ca irlstlbglske. Ncnlcgfe fc cstes kbgbgtlbacs, abs tceaembsirlstlbgbs puflcrbg rcexlmcgbrsc y prcpbrbrsc pbrb ca flaeme ieg etrbs

rcalmlegcs, yb quc ca flaeme lgtcrrcalmlese cst gtlkbkcgtc rcabilegb-fe ieg ca flaeme lgtrbrrcalmlese.

Kl cxpcrlcgilb ieg aes mubrbg

Kl cxpcrlcgilb ieg aes mubrbg sc rckegtb b aes bes(2


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(2


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ibs senrc aes mubrbg fc abs prlkcrbs fibfbs fca slmae TZLL y fc cstu-fles senrc ca flaeme lgtcriuaturba c lgtcrrcalmlese, prcscgte bqu ugbvcrslg rcvlsbfb y bkpalbfb fc ab csplrltubalfbf y ab rcjacxlg tceamlibfc aes trcs mrupes cstuflbfes per k. Bs cstc alnre trbc bspcites fc abcxpcrlcgilb dlstrlib fc aes mubrbg ieg ca irlstlbglske y cackcgtesicgtrbacs fc ae quc pefckes iegslfcrbr su rcalmlg8 su iegicpilg fcFles, fca kugfe y fca scr dukbge, sus utepbs y ae quc caaes tcgfrbgquc fcilrges b gesetres.

Yenrc cstb enrb

Sge fc aes enhctlves fc cstb enrb cs prcscgtbr ugb rcalmlg y ugflsiurse tceamlie ge irlstlbges pbrb ugb bibfcklb tceamlib irlstlbgb.Ab enrb cs ugb tceaemb lgflb csirltb per ugb tcaemb irlstlbgb ge lgf-mcgb quc iekpbrtc per cstc kcfle su cxpcrlcgilb rcalmlesb ieg aes lg-fmcgbs y abs iucstlegcs quc tba cxpcrlcgilb ac preperileg, iucstlegcsquc fc etrb jerkb prenbnackcgtc caab klskb ge gcicsltbrb tekbr cgiucgtb. Per tbgte, cstb enrb rcgc abs kbribs y ca acgmubhc fc fes kug-fes flstlgtes, quc ge slckprc pufc fljcrcgilbr ba csirlnlr senrc kl cx-

pcrlcgilb pcrsegba ieg aes lgfmcgbs.Etre enhctlve bqu prepucste cs lgvltbr b abs lmacslbs irlstlbgbs

bitlvbs cg rcbs lgfmcgbs b dbicr ug cgsbye fc jc,b chcriltbrsc cg ca kl-glstcrle fc csiuidbr ba etre, b ibknlbr ca cgscbr per ca bprcgfcr.Abs lgvlte b fchbrsc lgtcrpcabr per ab vez fca etre, b bnrlrsc b stc pbrbiegeicrae slg klcfe y slg lgtcgilegcs fc rcfuilrae, slge rcspctbgfe suscxpcrlcgilbs rcalmlesbs ieke cxpcrlcgilbs quc tlcgcg ugb vbalfcz lrrc-jutbnac y prcpbrgfesc b cgtbnabr ieg es pucnaes lgfmcgbs ug flaemeciukglie.

Cg iubgte b abs jucgtcs utlalzbfbs, ibnc fcstbibr quc seg fc ku-ide vbaer pbrb ca cstufle fc ab pbabnrb cgtrc aes mubrbg dlstrlies ca Vc-sere, ca Zeibnuabrle y ca Ibtcilskecsirltes per Bgtegle ulz fc Keg-teyb (23432:32) cg ugb fc abs acgmubs mubrbg bg vlvbs b ieklcgzesfca slmae TZL L. Abs jucgtcs iaslibs pbrb ca cstufle fc ab pbabnrb mubrbgsc abs fcnckes b Ourt Sgoca Glkucgfbhu (24492


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idb, lglilbfe fcgtre fca rcspcte y kbgtcglfe b trbvs fc ugb trbgsjer-kbilg lgtcrler quc aes iegvcrtb cg etres.>> Aes tcxtes per caaes fchb-fes, preslmuc ca buter, tlcgcg ugb prejugflfbf jbsilgbgtc y seg, slg fu-fb, kefcaes lgsplrbfercs pbrb dbnabr fc tceaemb b pbrtlr fc ab cxpc-rlcgilb rcalmlesb fc aes mubrbg.>9

Kuides lgvcstlmbfercs c lgvcstlmbferbs slmulcreg abs ducaabs fcGlkucgfbhu y Ibfembg, tbgte rciemlcgfe gucve kbtcrlba ctgemrjliecg ca knlte fc ab pecsb lgfmcgb, ieke slstckbtlzbgfe abs lgjerkb-ilegcs quc jucreg rcieacitgfesc. Cg kl ibse, cgtrc aes lgjerkbgtcs

quc kc nrlgfbreg biicse b ab pbabnrb lgfmcgb kc mustbrb kcgilegbrb abs slmulcgtcs pcrsegbs8 Feailb Pcfre, =3 bes?>6 Abure Iegjlbgb,40? escal Iegjlbgb, >3? Brgbafe Iegjlbgb, >0? Kbrlbgb Bqulge, 40?Pbualte Bqulge, 43? Gblateg Bqulge, 30 bes? Hee Bqulge, 33? KbrlbBqulge, 93? ]bafeklre Bqulge, 90 bes? Bssuge Megbavcs, 93? Au-ilab Zlaabanb, >4? Dlpalte Kbrtlgs, 93? Kbrle Verlnb, 90? jbklalb Verlnb?Gcglte fc Yeuzb, :0? Cpltile fc Yeuzb, 93? librfe, :0? Ybgtlbme Kcg-fezb, 40? Lrcge Lsgbrfl, 3? Vcefere Bavcs, 90? Kbr-iealge Ealvclrb, 60 bes.

Cstbs pcrsegbs, ieg sus iekuglfbfcs, kc bnrlcreg aes tcseres fcsu kckerlb c lgsplrbilg y seg ugb rcjcrcgilb enalmbterlb cg cstc trb-nbhe, ge sae ieke jucgtcs quc dc iegsuatbfe, slge ieke iebuterbsfc cstc alnre. Ieke caabs ge dbg csirlte iekpcgfles fc tceaemb, pbrbab rcbalzbilg fc cstc trbnbhe fcpcgf fc sus rcabtes y fca flaeme iegcaabs. Cg sus veics fcstlabg metbs fc ab petlib lgfmcgb, jucgtc fc ugbsbnlfurb bgbajbnctb, per bs fcilrae y,b pcsbr fc cse, e bibse mrbilbs bcse, prejugfbkcgtc vlvb.>3

Pbrtc fca kbtcrlba rcieacitbfe furbgtc ca preicse fc lgvcstlmb-ilg fc ibkpe y fc lgscrilg cg ca mrupe cst prcscgtbfe cg abs pml-

gbs fc cstc alnre. Pbrb ab trbgsirlpilg fc cstc kbtcrlba preicfe fc ab sl-mulcgtc kbgcrb8 use id ieg ca klske vbaer segere quc cstbs fes actrbs

hugtbs prcscgtbg cg pertumus? m y d ieke cg backg, ieg ab enscrvb-ilg fc quc cg ca flbacite kny-mubrbg csc seglfe ge cxlstc. Abh ie-rrcspegfc ba seglfe pbabtba jrlibtlve _h[ , b vcics rcprcscgtbfe per aes ct-gaemes fcaes oblev ieg ca slstckb fh. Sse o pbrbab eiauslvb serfb vc-abr, ieke abcg Cspbea y fca klske kefe r, ieke cg ab pbabnrbcs-pbeab ere, s pbrb ab jr libtlvb bavceabr, ieg ab pbrtliuabrlfbf fc quc aeskny ab pregugilbg ts, y v ieke cg pertumus. Ca bpstrejc (iekebpbrcic cg ab pbabnrb

obb) rcprcscgtb ab eiauslvb serfb maetba, quc kbr-

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ib ug iertc e ug sbate cg ab pregugilbilg. Pbrb rcprcscgtbr abs eiausl-vbs segerbs gbsbacs, rciurre b kn, gf y gm. Ca mubrbg tlcgc scls veib-acs. Abs ilgie prlkcrbs sucgbg ks e kcges ieke cg cspbea, ab scxtbveiba cst rcprcscgtbfb per kcfle fc y y cs ugb veiba batb icgtrba. Ie-ke tefbs abs veibacs pucfcg scr gbsbalzbfbs, sunc b feic su gkcre cgmubrbg.

Cg iubgte b aes bicgtes, abs pbabnrbs extegbs ge seg bicgtubfbs,abs pbrextegbs y abs prepbrextegbs s. Iubgfe aes acxckbs bmautlgbgsujlhes kegeslanlies e pealslanlies teges, pcrkbgcic ab bicgtubilg

erlmlgba fca acxckb,ae iuba cst kbribfe mrjlibkcgtc. Iubgfe ab scbafc bicgte () ielgilfc ieg ab scba fc gbzbalzbilg (~ ), stb bsukc abjugilg tglib. Bamugbs pbabnrbs nbstbgtc usbfbs cg mubrbg cg ca tcx-te aacvbg bicgte scmg abs rcmabs vlmcgtcs cg cspbea, ieg ca jlg fc jbil-altbr su pregugilbilg. Vrbgsirlne feiukcgtes bgtlmues cg mubrbg,bprexlkbgfe ab csirlturb bgtlmub ba pbtrg fc ab csirlturb fca mubrbgbituba. Ylg cknbrme,iubgfe ab iltb cs fc ug rcmlstre rcilcgtc, epte perkbgtcgcr ab trbgsirlpilg usbfb cg abs jucgtcs iegsuatbfbs.

Cstb enrb iegstb fctrcs pbrtcs Dlsterlb, Vceieskeaemb y Pbrb-

flmkb ltuba y slctc ibptuaes, quc seg iegicnlfes ieke pbrb ejrcicrug pbgerbkb dlstrlie, slstcktlie y iekpbrbtlve fc aes tckbs bner-fbfes. Pbrb caae teke cg iucgtb ca iegtbite fc aes mubrbg ieg ca irls-tlbglske y aes fcsbjes quc ab vltbalfbf rcalmlesb fc aes lgfmcgbs rcprc-scgtbg pbrb ab rcalmlg quc aes cvbgmcalz.

Abprlkcrb pbrtciegstb fcfes ibptuaes? cg aes quc prcscgte bs-pcites mcgcrbacs senrc ab iuaturb, ab dlsterlb y ab lfcgtlfbf fc aesmubrbg, bs ieke ae quc slmgljli pbrb caaes ab klslg irlstlbgb cg aesslmaes TZL y TZLL.Cg ca prlkcr ibptuae slte aes mrupes mubrbg bitub-acs cgtrc aes mrupes pcrtcgcilcgtcs ba tregie algmstlie tupl-mubrbg,

jrcgtc b aes aabkbfes mubrbg dlstrlies y cg ab seilcfbf bituba. Cg cs-tb atlkb caaes seg, hugtbkcgtc ieg etres pucnaes lgfmcgbs y etres bi-tercs seilbacs, biileglstbs klgerltbrles fc aes iubtre pbscs fegfc vl-vcg. Ieke tbacs cxpcrlkcgtbg ab kbrmlgbilg y ab lgfl jcrcgilb fc cstespbscs quc fcncrbg tutcabraes.

Cg ca prlkcr ibptuae tbknlg prcscgte ab rcalmlg ieke ca cac-kcgte quc aes mrupes mubrbg csiemlcreg fc su iuaturb pbrb scmulrslcgfe aes klskes. Cstb rcalmlg iegslstc nslibkcgtc cg ugb cxpcrlcg-ilb kstlie-tceamlib fc ab pbabnrb. Ylklabr b rubd y pgcukb fc abs Cs-

irlturbs Ybmrbfbs, ab pbabnrb cs pbrb ca mrupe ca jugfbkcgte fc aes sc-

>6/Mrbilcab Idbkerre


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rcs, ca preple tchlfe fca scr flvlge, ab cgcrmb nslib (e kurkuaae) qucerlmlgb b tefes aes scrcs. Bpalibfb b aes scrcs dukbges, ab pbabnrb csbgaemb b aes trklges dcnrce y mrlcme gcpdcsd y psyid, quc fcslmgbglgtcmrbakcgtc ba lgflvlfue.

Cg ca scmugfe ibptuae rcabte bamuges chckpaes fc rcslstcgilb lg-fmcgb jrcgtc b ab klslg irlstlbgb, lgtcgtbgfe bs rcsibtbr fca eavlfe fcab dlsterlemrbjb rlepabtcgsc b deknrcs, kuhcrcs y gles lgfmcgbs quc,ieg vez prejtlib, fcjcgflcreg b su pucnae, su tlcrrb y ca fcrcide fc vl-vlr cg stb ieg flmglfbf y b sbave fc ab verbilfbf fc aes ieaeglzbfercs

y iegqulstbfercs csplrltubacs. Dbstb ca jlgba fca slmae TZLL aes lgfmcgbssc acvbgtbreg ieg ibgtes, fbgzbs y prejcibs iegtrb ab klslg, bjl rkg-fesc ieke suhctes ieg dbnab y jc, iubgfe pcrilnlcreg quc ab gucvb rc-almlg acs fcsbuterlzbnb ab cxpcrlcgilb rcalmlesb fc sus bgtcpbsbfes. Bpbrtlr fc ab bitl tuf fc cstbs prejctlsbs y fc cstes prejctbs lgfmcgbs yeprcscgte ab rclvlgflibilg fc aes lgfmcgbs per ugb vlfb alnrc cg ab sca-vb, per su fcrcide b ab alncrtbf fc ermbglzbr b sus jbklalbs fc jerkb bu-tgekb y fc kbgtcgcr sus bgtlmues rltes. Jlgbakcgtc iekcgte ca bsug-te fca pefcr cg ab klslg y ab uglvcrsbalfbf prctcgflfb per aes iegquls-

tbfercs csplrltubacs.Abscmugfb pbr tctlcgc trcs ibptuaes, cg aes iubacs fcsirlne ca sls-tckb rcalmlese lgfmcgb, tekbgfe ieke ketlve iegfuiter ab ibtcmerbpbabnrb. Bslklske, ca tcricr ibptuae kucstrb ike aes klslegcres,lknulfes fca csprltu tr lgltbrle,ge puflcreg rciegeicr b aes lgfmcgbsieke suhctes fc vlfb rcalmlesb, flilcgfe fc caaes quc gugib dlilcregsbirljlile ba vcrfbfcre Fles y quc cstbnbg lgialgbfes b bicptbr iuba-qulcr ejcrtb rcalmlesb. Ab ctgemrbjb iegtckpergcb, slg cknbrme, prc-scgtb kuides fbtes senrc ab jerkb cg quc aes mubrbg rcprcscgtbg ba scrflvlge.Bs, Hbsuob cs ca prlgilple flgklie fca uglvcrse, kuidbs vcics

lfcgtljlibfe ieg ab kuhcr. Prenbnackcgtc cs ca skneae ks briblie dc-rcfbfe fca pcrefe prc-gceatlie y su vgiuae ieg ca scxe jckcglge su-mlcrc quc cg tlckpes pbsbfes ab kuhcr crb rcvcrcgilbfb ieke kbfrc yjucgtc fc vlfb. Etrbs flvlglfbfcs seg Gucstre Pbfrc, Gucstrb Kb-frc,Gucstre Dcrkbge,Bquca-quc-sbnc,y aes Pbfrcs y abs Kbfrcsfcab pbabnrb-bakb.Bfcks fc cstbs pcrsegljlibilegcs, aes btrlnutes fcaes scrcs flvlges y fcugb cspcilc fc csprltus fuces fc abs pabgtbs, aesbglkbacs y abs pcrsegbs, iegjlcrcg b ab flvlglfbf ugb flkcgslg bamebglklstb. Pcre aes mrupes mubrbg lgtcmrbg b sus flvlglfbfcs cg ug sls-tckb quc sc pucfc fcsirlnlr ieke iekuglfbf lgtcrbitlvb fc ae flvlge,

Vceaemb mubrbg/>3


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iekpbrbnac b ab trlglfbf irlstlbgb. Cstc slstckb pbrcic scr ks bfciub-fe pbrb ca flaeme lgtcrrcalmlese quc ca kegetcske cxiauslve hufe-irlstlbge.

Cg ca iubrte ibptuae prcscgte ab ieskeaemb mubrbg. Ab tlcrrbmubrbg cs iekpbrbfb ieg ug iucrpe kurkurbgtc. Ca kugfe aacmb b abcxlstcgilb per ab pbabnrb. Bgtcs fc ab ircbilg ab pbabnrb yb kurkurb-nb cg abs cgtrbbs fc ab kbtcrlb, caab cs pbrtc fca scr ircbfer, fc su sb-nlfurb ircbferb. B trbvs fc ab pbabnrb Fles ieaei b su scr ircbfer cgtefbs abs iesbs. Ieke cg ab trbflilg sbplcgilba fca Prlkcr Vcstbkcg-

te, ab sbnlfurb pbrb aes mubrbg cs ircbferb y ge iegiuplsicgilb ibrgbaquc aacvb ba pcibfe. Caab cs ca kcfle b trbvs fca iuba Fles sc dbic trbgs-pbrcgtc cg su ircbilg. Fc ugb kbgcrb pbrcilfb b ab quc Lrcgce,uge fcaes Pbfrcs fc ab Lmacslb, lkbmlgbrb, quc ca ieskes cs iucrpe fc ab pbab-nrb y fca Csprltu fc Fles, pbrb aes mubrbg a cs ierperljlibilg sbirb-kcgtba fca Fles lgvlslnac. Pbrb ab ieskeaemb mubrbg, ca csprlte ge csfcstltufe fc gbturbaczb. Ca fcsbje quc fc caae gbic pbrb ca irlstlbgls-ke cs ab gcicslfbf fc rciupcrbr aes pbrbflmkbs ieskeamlies quc scpcrflcreg bibusb fcab ptlib hcrrqulib quc prcvbacil cg abs lmacslbs y

ab seilcfbf. Klgbfb per iucstlegcs nletlibs iruilbacs, ab tceaemb irls-tlbgb sc cgiucgtrb jrcgtc b ug mrbg rcte8 bsuklr ugb csplrltubalfbf qucvbaerc ca iucrpe fc aes scrcs dukbges y ca iucrpe tcrrcstrc. Cg cstc scg-tlfe prcscgte bqu ca pcgsbklcgte fc ^esckbry ^uctdcr senrc ab lkb-mcg fc Fles ieke jucgtc fc vlfb fc ab iuba nretbreg tefes aes scrcs yb ab iuba tefes veavcrg y fc aes scrcs dukbges ieke scrcs trbgslte-rles, aes ks fcpcgflcgtcs senrc ab jbz fc ab tlcrrb. Per tbgte, sl aes du-kbges ge rcflkcgslegbg su rcabilg ieg ab gbturbaczb y sus pbfregcsfclgtcrfcpcgfcgilb ieg sus etres iegmgcrcs cg vbge ibklgbrg qulc-gcs quc nusibg ab tlcrrb slg kbacs.

Cg ca qulgte ibptuae bnerfe ca prenackb fca kba y fc ab sbavb-ilg. Ycmg aes mubrbg ca kba cgtr ba kugfe b trbvs fc ab kbab ilcg-ilb ab lmgerbgilb , ab lrb y ca bfuatcrle. Cstbs sltubilegcs seg cgjrcg-tbfbs per aes dukbges per lgjaucgilb fc su bakb-bglkba, quc aes bachbfc ab veibilg erlmlgba fc iegvcrtlrsc cg scrcs iekpactes. Ab kctjerbpbrb ab cxpcrlcgilb fca kba y fc ab lkpcrjciilg cs ab fc ugb pbabnrbquc sc nljurib, quc flvlfc ba scr dukbge y ae bachb fc su kctb erlmlgba.\ ca csjucrze fc aes mubrbg pbrb supcrbr cstb sltubilg sc rcvcab cg abscxprcslegcs8crmulrsc,bfqulrlr mrbgfczb fc ierbzg,baibgzbr ab pac-

gltuf, fcilr ncaabs pbabnrbs y cgtrbr b ab tlcrrb slg kbacs. Gucstres

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Dcrkbges y ab dukbglfbf quc dbnltbreg ab prlkcrb tlcrrb baibgzb-reg ab pacgltuf y jucreg flvlglzbfes. Cgtegics aes mubrbg sc fcsbjbgprcmugtbgfe8 Per qu ge ae iegscmulrbg aes dukbges fc ab mcgcrb-ilg prcscgtc5

Ca sbncr cs cscgilba pbrb aes scrcs dukbges. Ab sbavbilg ieg-slstccg baibgzbr ierbzegcs sbnles y cste cs rcsuatbfe fca ckpce pcr-segba, fc chcrililes csplrltubacs.Ge cxlstc cgtrc aes mubrbg ab jlmurb fcug rcfcgter quc sc dbyb sbirljlibfe pbrb rcflklr aes pcibfes fc ab du-kbglfbf? tefes aes scrcs dukbges cstg fetbfes fc ab vlrtuf irlstea-

mlib cg ca scgtlfe fc quc ibfb uge fc caaes tlcgc quc fcsbrreaabrsc dbs-tb baibgzbr ab pacgltuf pcrsegba, ab cxpcrlcgilb fc rcilpreilfbf cg su ba-fcb y cgtrbr ab tlcrrb slg kbacs. Ca Irlste fc ab trbflilg irlstlbgb puc-fc scr iekpbrbfe ieg ca drec iuaturba lgfmcgb aabkbfe GucstreDcrkbge, pcre ge ieke rcfcgter, slge ieke ca prlkcr Bfg (prete-tlpe fc ab dukbglfbf), bamulcg quc prcicfl b aes scrcs dukbges cg subaibgic fc ab pacgltuf.

Cg ab tcricrb pbrtcfcsirlne ab pbabnrb ieke pbrbflmkb rltuba ysbirbkcgte pbrb aes lgfmcgbs. Vlcgc fes ibptuaes. Cg ca scxte ibptu-

ae prcscgte abs prlgilpbacs icacnrbilegcs fc aes mubrbg. Cg caabs ab pb-abnrb cs ibgtbfb e rciltbfb cg ca kekcgte cg quc sc rltubalzb ugb ib-klgbtb. Ibklgbgfe derbs y derbs ba seg fc ab pbabnrb, aes lgfmcgbsseg trbgspertbfes psqulibkcgtc dbstb ab kerbfb fc abs flvlglfbfcs.Caaes bitlvbg ca lgiegsilcgtc ieacitlve y kcziabg sus dlsterlbs ieg abkckerlb rciltbfb cg vcrses. Ab cxpcrlcgilb fc ab pbabnrb cgtrc aesmubrbg cst prejugfbkcgtc brrblmbfb cg ab dlsterlb fc ab eiupbilg yiuat lve fc gucvbs rcbs, cg ca rlte fc rcicpilg fca geknrc, cg aes fclglilbilg b ab vlfb bfuatb, cg ab iescidb fca kbz y fc aes jrutes kbfu-res, cti.

Ieke pbrb aes lgfmcgbs ab sbavbilg y ab iurbilg seabkcgtcpucfcg dbicrsc cjcitlvbs cg ugb tlcrrb rcstburbfb, abs icacnrbilegcs fcab pbabnrb jertbacicg abs lkmcgcs quc rcircbg ab tlcrrb fca tlckpe-cs-pbile pcrjcite y ab tlcrrb-slg-kbacs. Cg cses aumbrcs caaes rckckerbg abcxpcrlcgilb fc bnugfbgilb y rcilpreilfbf vlvlfb cg ca pbsbfe y bglkbgab cspcrbgzb fc veavcr b vlvlr cg iegflilegcs ciegklibs y cieamlibsiedcrcgtcs ieg su jerkb fc scr. ltubalzbr ab pbabnrb cs pbrb caaes lkl-tbr aes cvcgtes prlkerflbacs.Ylcgfe aes mubrbg prejugfbkcgtc kbrib-fes per ca iuatlve fca kbz, cstc icrcba rcprcscgtb ab fcpcgfcgilb quccaaes tlcgcg fc ab gbturbaczb. Cg ca kbz caaes cgiucgtrbg ab kctjerb fc

Vceaemb mubrbg/>=


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s klskes y fc abs flvlglfbfcs. Cg sus rcabtes, ieke cg bamuges pbsbhcsnnalies, Fles bpbrcic ieke bamulcg quc sc rcabilegb flrcitbkcgtc iegab gbturbaczb y quc ge cst lgtcrcsbfe cxiauslvbkcgtc cg aes scrcs du-kbges. Ca rlte fca kbz gucve cs hugte ieg ca fc ab lglilbilg fc aes gl-es ca bite ks lkpertbgtc cg ca be altrmlie mubrbg.

Vbknlg ca geknrc pescc ugb mrbg lkpertbgilb cg ab rltubalzb-ilg fc ab pbabnrb. a cs ca jugfbkcgte jucrb fca iuba gbflc pucfc cxls-tlr. Per scr a abkbfes ieg geknrcs fc bglkbacs, pabgtbs, bstres, jcgkc-ges fc ab gbturbaczb e flvlglfbfcs, aes lgfmcgbs cxprcsbg ab prejugfb

lfcgtljlibilg, ab pbrtlilpbilg kstlib fc aes scrcs dukbges ieg etresscrcs fc ab gbturbaczb. Ca geknrc cs pucs ug cackcgte iegstltutlve fcaes scrcs per caaes geknrbfes y iegjlrkb cg ab pcrsegb su ibalfbf fcscr fcpcgflcgtc. Ab rcicpilg fca geknrc kbrib uge fc aes tlckpesjucrtcs cg ab vlfb fc ab bafcb.

Cg ca sptlke ibptuae rcsbate ab urmcgilb fc ug flaeme lgtcriua-turba c lgtcrrcalmlese cgtrc abs lmacslbs y aes pucnaes lgfmcgbs. Cg cscscgtlfe fcstbie quc ge dby ugb iuaturb gl ugb rcalmlg prlvlacmlbfb qucscb fcpesltbrlb cxiauslvb fc ab rcvcabilg flvlgb. Fles eiupb tefes aes

cspbiles. Cg a vlvcg, sc kucvcg y cxlstcg tefes aes scrcs. Cs ugb vlslgfc kugfe ieke stb,quc ge scb hcrrqulib, ab quc pucfc bglkbr ca fl-aeme cgtrc abs rcalmlegcs y abs iuaturbs. Abs lmacslbs abtlgebkcrlibgbsprcilsbg pbsbr per ab sbaufbnac cxpcrlcgilb fc rciegeicr b aes lgfmcgbsieke suhctes etres, cg kuides ibses alnrcs jrcgtc ba irlstlbglske y bapcgsbklcgte eiilfcgtba, y ieke bitercs seilbacs pacges quc tbknlgtlcgcg bame quc fcilr b tefes.

Cg cstb enrb ge qulcre prcscgtbr ca kefe fc scr lgfmcgb iekeca kefe fcscr? kuide kcges prcmegbrae ieke ca ibklge per ca iubaaes dukbges fcncg bgfbr.Cgtlcgfe quc ca cgiucgtre ieg ca etre puc-

fc rcpcriutlr senrc gesetres klskes c lauklgbrges b flstlgmulr cgtrcaes kuides ibklges peslnacs, aes ibklges quc iegfuicg b ab ibsb mrbg-fc, em musu, fegfc dby aumbr pbrb tefes aes dukbges.

B k pbrtliuabrkcgtc cstb cxpcrlcgilb kc ketlvb b ge jl hbr klbtcgilg cg jerkb cxiauslvb cg ae bgtrepeamlie, slge b lgiaulr cg caabae ieskeamlie.Kc lkpuasb b rciegeicr ab uglfbf fc ab pcrsegb dukb-gb y b vbaerbr ca iucrpe jslie pcrsegba y ca iucrpe tcrrcstrc ieke aesaumbrcs fegfc sc fb ab cxpcrlcgilb fc ae flvlge. Kc byufb b vcr cg abtrbflilg irlstlbgb ducaabs fc etrbs trbflilegcs rcalmlesbs, ae iuba kucs-

trb quc ba abfe fc ug irlstlbglske lgteacrbgtc db ircilfe etre, ks

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bnlcrte y paurba. Cgtlcgfe quc sl tcgckes ca fcsce fc flbaembr ieg mru-pes lgfmcgbs tcgckes quc tergbrges bprcgflics fc ab pbabnrb, lgtcg-tbr csiuidbraes ge perquc caaes ges iegjlrkbg, slge perquc caaes seggucstres lgtcraeiutercs.\ flbaembr ge pucfc scr ugb titlib rctrlib pb-rb quc ug Cme quc sc prcsukc uglvcrsba y preple bslklac b Cmesiegslfcrbfes pbrtliuabrcs,fljcrcgtcs,etres.

Cg csc scgtlfe,scr bprcgflz fc ab pbabnrb lkpalib pbrtliuabr-kcgtc pbrb ca irlstlbglske, biestuknrbfe b scr ca quc prepegc ab pbab-nrb pbrb aes etres rccxbklgbr ab tceaemb quc acmltlk cstb buteiek-

prcgslg, tcgcr ca vbaer fc fcspcflrsc fc vlches dnltes bgiabfes cg abprcpetcgilb jrcgtc b aes fcks y ircbr ugb flspeslilg pbrb csiuidbr abpbabnrbfc Fles. Cstb pbabnrb, bgtcs fc cstbr csirltb cg aes alnres sbmrb-fes e jerkuabfb cg bamg femkb,kurkurb pbrb gesetres cg ca iabkerfc ab gbturbaczb, cg bqucaabs pcrsegbs y mrupes ieg qulcgcs ges lfcgtl-jlibkes e b qulcgcs aabkbkes etres e cxtrbes,cg ab seackglfbf fcugb icacnrbilg e cg ca cvcgte ks nbgba fc ab vlfb flbrlb, cg ab rcjac-xlg bibfklib e cg abs cxpcrlcgilbs quc seg pbrb gesetres kcgesiekprcgslnacs lgtcacitubakcgtc.

Fc kbgcrb quc sl ab pbabnrb mubrbg, quc bqu prcscgte y kcbtrcve b lgtcrprctbr, dbic teibr cg ca aciter y ab aciterb iucrfbs bferkc-ilfbs fcsu preplb trbflilg iuaturba y rcalmlesb, cstb enrb cgtegics db-nr baibgzbfe su prepslte.Cg cjcite,ca cgiucgtre ieg ca etre cs ug ib-klge fc fes kbges y slckprc ges aacvb fc vucatb b gesetres klskes.Cstc cgiucgtre pucfc byufbrges b fcsiunrlr ae quc bg ge iegeickes,ae quc bg ges cs cxtrbe, abs rcmlegcs fcsiegeilfbs fc gucstre kbpblgtcrler.>:

Getbs

2 Cg ca prlkcr ibse,slrvb ieke chckpae ab enrb ermbglzbfb per Kbguca Kbr-zba, Ca restre lgfle fc Fles(2


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4 Oglttcr, 2


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Ibptuae 2

J BMKCGVEY FC AB V B\CIVE LB\FCA KEFE FC YC MSB BG

Cg Yufbkrlib aes mubrbg chcrilcreg y chcricg ugb btrbiilg cs-pcilba cg aes cstufleses y cstuflesbs fc abs ilcgilbs seilbacs, aacmbgfe bscr, cgtrc aes pucnaes lgfmcgbs ge bgflges, uge fc aes mrupes ks cs-tuflbfes y kcher iegeilfes cg ab bitubalfbf. Ylg cknbrme, ab lgkcgsbaltcrbturbcxlstcgtc senrc caaes, ieke ae rcsbatb Hedg Kbguca Kegtclre,bukcgt ab lgicrtlfuknrc rcspcite b abs kbgcrbs ieg abs quc aesmubrbg vlvlcrbg, pcgsbrbg y jlgbakcgtc dlilcrbg su dlsterlb.2 Cseiegstltuyc ug gucve rcte pbrb ab lgvcstlmbilg lgfmcgb, ae iuba lgtcg-te iegslfcrbr bqu, sltubgfe b aes mubrbg aabkbfes dlstrlies y bsu-klcgfe ieke tckb ab lfcgtlfbf fc aes mubrbg bitubacs b ab auz fc ab

bgtrepeaemb iegtckpergcb.2.2 Ab ctge-dlsterlb

Aes mrupes mubrbg bitubacs pcrtcgcicg b ab trbflilg fcgeklgb-fb tuplmubrbg cg ab brqucaemb y tupl-mubrbg cg ab algmstlib. Cs-tc tregie algmstlie sc fcsbrreaa per ae kcges dbic >,300 bes fcatregie tupl, iuyb jerkbilg per su vcz sc rckegtb b 3,000 bes btrs.Ieke kuides fbtes quc prcscgte cg cstb enrb fcrlvbg fc ab acgmub fcaes mrupes kcgilegbfes, kc eiupe b iegtlgubilg ieg csc bspcite fc

ab iuaturb lgfmcgb.2.2.2 Yenrc tupl, mubrbg y tupl -mubrbg

Pepuabrkcgtc sc sucac bpalibr ca trklge tupl b aes mrupes lg-fmcgbs fc ab bgtlmub rcb fc ieaeglzbilg pertumucsb cg Nrbsla y b absacgmubs dbnabfbs per caaes, y mubrbg b abs acgmubs fc ab bgtlmub rcbfc ieaeglzbilg cspbeab cg ca Pbrbmuby y b sus rcspcitlves dbnabgtcslgfmcgbs. Ylg cknbrme, ab fcslmgbilg ge slmul ab klskb rcmab cg capbsbfe pbrb abs flvcrsbs jerkbs fca tupl y fca mubrbg bgtlmue, ieke


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pucfc vcrljlibrsc cg aes trbnbhes fc Bryeg FbaaLmgb ^efrlmucs (2


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gbilg fc acgmub mubrbg, y Nrbsla, iegtrlnuycreg b quc aes nrbslacresnusibrbg su preple erlmcg lgfmcgb.6

Ca trklge mubrbg, per ca iegtrbrle, cs usbfe fc jerkb iegtl-gubfb fcsfc aes prlkcres rcmlstres fca mubrbg bgtlmue. Bs, Yidklfafcgeklg b aes ibrle per a iegtbitbfes y ab acgmub quc caaes dbnabnbgmubrbg. ulz fc Kegteyb (2:9


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usc ieke sustbgtlve, ab mrbg jbklalb algmstlib y, iubgfe sc ae usb ie-ke bfhctlve,tefes aes cackcgtes iuaturbacs iekugcs b abs trlnus fc abklskb jbklalb.29 Cstb ircbilg cs iegslfcrbfb lgjcalz per Cfcawclssperquc iegjugflrb b ab kbyerb fc aes quc fcspus ckpacbreg ca tr-klge y quc,per lmgerbr tefe ca ieghugte nlnalemrjlie cxlstcgtc, aabkb-reg lgfcnlfbkcgtc acgmub tupl-mubrbg b ugb glib acgmub.26 Yeab-kcgtc b kcflbfes fca slmae TT, fcspus fc aes cstufles rcbalzbfes perKbgsur Murles,23 Bryeg FbaaLmgb ^efrlmucs cstbnacil ca prlkcrkefcae algmstlie jl ae-mcgtlie fc ab cveauilg dlstr lib fc abs acgmubs

tupl-mubrbg.2:Fc cstes cstufles iegslfcre lkpertbgtc fcstbibr quc ab cxprc-

slg jbklalb tupl-mubrbg cs ugb fcslmgbilg iegvcgilegba quc bnbr-ib 62 acgmubs, fc abs iubacs kuidbs seg yb kucrtbs, preicfcgtcs fc ugbacgmub bgicstrba quc sc bierf fcgeklgbr prete-tupl- mubrbg. stb sc-rb pbrb abs acgmubs lgfmcgbs iabsljlibfbs fc tupl-mubrbg ae quc ca ab-tg cs pbrb ab jbklalb algmstlib rekglib. Ab jbklalb tupl-mubrbg jer-kb, ieg etrbs scls jbklalbs, ca tregie algmstlie tupl iekpbrbnac iegca tregie algmstlie lgfe-curepce. Ba jlgba fca slmae TT caab bnbribnb,

seae cg Nrbsla, >2 acgmubs vlvbs, pbrlcgtcs cgtrc s, dbnabfbs per mrupestupl-mubrbg kefcrges, cspbrilfes cg trcic cstbfes nrbslaces y etresvbrles pbscs. Per chckpae, ca kny cs dbnabfe tbknlg cg Pbrbmuby yBrmcgtlgb, ca oblev e pbl-tbvytcr y bgfcvb e idlrlp, cg Pbrbmuby, yca Idlrlmubge cg Nealvlb y Brmcgtlgb.Etrbs acgmubs, bfcks fc scr db-nabfbs cg Nrbsla, seg usbfbs tbknlg cg Pcr, Ieaeknlb,Zcgczucab y abMuybgb Jrbgicsb.2=

Jrcgtc b cse, cs gcicsbrle quc qucfc iabre, prlgilpbakcgtc pbrbaes acitercs kcges biestuknrbfes b ab dlsterlb seilba abtlgebkcrlibgb,ca cstbtusfljcrcgilbfe fc aes dbnabgtcs fc cstbs acgmubs y fc ab acgmub

mubrbg dbnabfb cg Pbrbmuby y cg ab jregtcrb fc cstc pbs ieg Brmcg-tlgb y Nrbsla per bprexlkbfbkcgtc ilgie klaaegcs fc ilufbfbges gelgfmcgbs. Cstb acgmub, cg ilcrtb jerkb, fch fc scr lgfmcgb per scr-vlr furbgtc slmaes ba lfcbrle curepce, per scr rcfuilfb b mrbktlib yper sujrlr ibknles cg su slgtbxls nbhe ab lgjaucgilb fca cspbea y fcapertumus.24 stb cs ab acgmub kbtcrgb fc per ae kcges ca 4=% fc abpenabilg pbrbmubyb,2< quc ge pucfc scr iegjugflfb ieg aes lgfmc-gbs, bs ieke tbkpeie su acgmub pucfc scr iegjugflfb ieg abs acgmubsmubrbg trlnbacs.



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Etrb biabrbilg sc rcjlcrc b abs fes acgmubs dlstrlibs quc yb geseg dbnabfbs dey8 ugb fc abs acgmubs tupl, ca tuplgbkn y ugb fc absacgmubs mubrbg, rcmlstrbfb slg cspciljlibilg flbacitba, y quc cg cstctrbnbhe cs ab jucgtc prlgilpba pbrb dbnabr fca iegtbite fc aes mubrbgdlstrlies ieg ca irlstlbglske.Vbacs acgmubs bfqulrlcreg ugb lkpertbg-ilb dlstrlibcspcilba cg ca iegtcxte fc ab eiupbilg curepcb, tbgte persu trbflilg csirltb fc ks fc iubtreilcgtes bes, ieke tbknlg per capbpca quc fcsckpcbreg cg ca preicse dlstrlie fca cstbnacilklcgte fcaes cstbfes kefcrges y fc ab jerkbilg seilba fc Pbrbmuby, Brmcgtlgb,

Nrbsla, Nealvlb y Srumuby, kcrcilcgfe scr iegslfcrbfbs ieke acgmubsiaslibs fc Yufbkrlib, hugte ba qulidub fc ab rcmlg bgflgb.>0

Per abs iekpbrbilegcs fc efrlmucs (22 y quc, fc abs fes, ca tuplgbkn sc fcstbib per su ibri-tcr ks briblie e iegscrvbfer. Zbambg ieke chckpae aes ibknles quc

cstbnbg fgfesc bicacrbfbkcgtc cg ab acgmub mubrbg y quc jucregiegstbtbfes per ^ulz fc Kegteyb ba ieklcgze fca slmae TZLL.Csc klslegcre hcsultb rcmlstr ug pbsbhc fca seglfe fc ab s

(oubrbsy, sea) ba seglfe fc ab d (oubrbdy), fca seglfe fc ab o (eo,ibsb) ba seglfe fc m (em), ab cxbmcrbilg cg ab gbsbalzbilg fc bamu-gbs sabnbs ieke ca ibknle fc ybgfc, gesetres bbgfc, fcybgfu,brb-b, bbgfu, ab prflfb fc abs iegsegbgtcs jlgbacs cg kuides vcrnes ygeknrcs tupl ieke kckny.r. dl he/b, slcgfe cmeab kbfrc, tu.v. pbfrcy b.r. hugtbr, lkltbr, quc cg ca mubrbg aacmbreg b scr kufbs (kckny, tu,b) cg ab jerkb nslib y iegtlgubreg slcgfe segerbs cg ieknlgbilg

ieg bamuges sujlhes.>> Bugquc cstbs acgmubs dbybg slfe bfeptbfbs ie-ke acgmub mcgcrba per ieaeglzbfercs y klslegcres, abs penabilegcs db-nabgtcs pritlibkcgtc jucreg cxtlgmulfbs,>9 qucfbgfe pbrb ab pestcrl-fbf ca rcmlstre fc sus acgmubs cg mrbktlibs, axlies y ibtcilskes csirl-tes prlgilpbakcgtc per hcsultbs.>6

Aes mrupes lgfmcgbs dbnabgtcs fc abs acgmubs tupl-mubrbg crbgpbrtcfcug klske pbtrg iuaturba, quc sc ibrbitcrlzbnb per su cxtrber-flgbrlb kevlalfbf cspbilba y ermbglzbilg trlnba, bs ieke per ca tlpefcbmrliuaturb, bspcites cstes quc kc mustbrb fcsirlnlr b iegtlgubilg.

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2.2.> Aes mubrbg cg ab peib fc ab iegqulstb

Cgtrc aes cstufles senrc ab preicfcgilb fc aes mrupes mubrbg, abBkbzegb jlmurb ieke prenbnac aumbr fc erlmcg. Ycmg cstb dlptcsls,ca ircilklcgte fc ab penabilg tupl cg cstc aumbr furbgtc aes fes klaprlkcres bes fc su dlsterlb dunlcrb eibslegbfe ab cxpbgslg fca mru-pe, ab flvcrsljlibilg fc ab prete-acgmub tupl y ab kefljlibilg fc abiuaturb cg mcgcrba, aacmbgfe b ab lgierperbilg fc ab bmrliuaturb iua-tlve fc tunriuaes y fc ab icrklib. Dbnrbg cgtrbfe b ab cfbf gcea-

tlib.>3 Ab eiupbilg fc abs scavbs suntreplibacs sltubfbs b ae abrme fc aesres Pbrbmuby, Pbrbg y Srumuby scmg ca iaiuae fc qulcgcs prepe-gcg cstb dlptcsls dbnrb eiurrlfe, ks e kcges, dbic fes kla bes,bibusb fca ircilklcgte fckemrjlie cg aes aumbrcs yb dbnltbfes y b ugbpreaegmbfb scqub quc dbnrb batcrbfe abs iegflilegcs fc supcrvlvcg-ilb fca mrupe.Ieke ca preicse fc fljcrcgilbilg iuaturba iegtlgu, festrbflilegcs flstlgtbs sc dbnrbg fcsbrreaabfe cgtrc aes bes =00 y 400fcspus fc Irlste, iegsealfbgfe ab scpbrbilg iekpactb cgtrc tupl ymubrbg. Yupucstbkcgtc, abs penabilegcs quc sc bfbptbreg ba ialkb ib-alcgtc fca al terba btagtlie y fcsbrreaabreg ugb trbflilg nbsbfb cg abiuaturb fc ab yuib bkbrmb, scrbg aes tupl,>: klcgtrbs quc abs quc scbfbptbreg ba ialkb tckpabfe fc abs scavbs suntreplibacs fc aes res Pb-rbg, Pbrbmuby y Srumuby y fcsbrreaabreg ugb trbflilg nbsbfb cg abiuaturb fca kbz, scrbg aes mubrbg.>=

Etrbs lgvcstlmbilegcs, slg cknbrme, prcjlcrcg ab dlptcsls fc qucca erlmcg fc aes mubrbg fcnc nusibrsc cg ab rcmlg fegfc bg dey sciegicgtrb ab kbsb ks iekpbitb fc abs penabilegcs fc erlmcg tupl, escb,cg Pbrbmuby y sus icribgbs.>4 Per etre abfe, abs cvlfcgilbs brquce-amlibs dbg kestrbfe quc ab bmrliuaturb yb cstbnb nbstbgtc fljugflfb

fcsc dbic 3,000 bes, puflgfesc bjlrkbr quc aes mubrbg yb crbg bmrl-iuatercs cg ab peib fc su jerkbilg. Bfcks, ugb frstlib fljcrcgilb-ilg iuaturba ieke ab prepucstb per Yidkltz prenbnackcgtc ge eiu-rrl, perquc ca ialkb cg ab rcmlg eiupbfb per aes mubrbg y aes tupl(cgtlgfbsc tuplgbkn) crb nslibkcgtc ca klske, slcgfe tbg sae ugpeie ks jre cg ab rcmlg surcb eiupbfb per aes mubrbg.

Cg cstcscgtlfe ab bjlrkbilg fc quc ab sunslstcgilb fc aes tupl scnbsbnb cg ab yuib bkbrmby ab fc aes mubrbg cg ca kbz fcnc scr rcvlsb-fb, perquc tefe lgflib quc aes tuplgbkn iegsukbg lgtcgsbkcgtc cakbz cg sus ieklfbs y ncnlfbs, bs ieke aes mubrbg usbnbg ab yuib cg



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su flctb. Sgb prucnb fc cse cs quc, cg ab acy fc Bsugilg fc 2363, caMencrgbfer Feklgme Kbrtgcz fc Lrbab enalmbnb b aes ieaeges b icr-ibr ca aeiba fc aes tcpltl>< pbrb quc aes icrfes ge ncnlcrbg ca hume fcailfe dlfreilbgfrlie.90 B su vcz, cg ca Vcserey cg ca ZeibnuabrlefcBgtegle ulz fc Kegteyb iegstbg tbknlg, fc jerkb cxpailtb, flvcr-sbs cspcilcs fc csb rbz y abs jerkbs cg quc crbg preicsbfbs y iegsukl-fbs92 per aes lgfmcgbs, ieke per chckpae, su bite fc ieaeibr ab yuibsbavbhc cg ca bmub ierrlcgtc pbrb quc, slcgfe abvbfb, pcrflcrb ilcrtbsustbgilb.

Ycmg lgvcstlmbilegcs ks rcilcgtcs, aes mubrbg dbnrbg a acmbfeba e fc ab Pabtb per ae kcges cg 2,900 f.I., slcgfe pertbfercs fc ugbiuaturb cxtrberflgbrlbkcgtc fljugflfb, bugquc ieg lgtcrrupilegcs,per tefb Bkrlib kcrlflegba. Nbsbfe jugfbkcgtbakcgtc cg ae quc abbrquceaemb iegslmul rcsibtbr y cg ae quc aes fliilegbrles fc ^ulz fcKegteyb rcvcabg senrc ab iuaturb kbtcrlba fc cstes lgfmcgbs, Gecaal9>

cspciljlib bamuges brtcjbites rcabilegbfes ieg ab sunslstcgilb fc aesmubrbg. Fcstbib ab jbnrlibilg y ca use fc lkpackcgtes ieke bries yjacidbs,bries fc neab, abgzbs,kbsbs,neacbferbs,flvcrses tlpes fc trbk-

pbs c lgstrukcgtes pbrb ibzbr y pcsibr. Ca cqulpe fekstlie y fc trb-nbhe cstbnb dcide ieg iucre, kbfcrb, plcfrb, ducses, keausies y, cgtrcaes quc dbnbg tcglfe iegtbite ieg aes lgibs, enrbs fc kctba. Cg ugbvbaerbilg kefcstb, cgtrc aes enhctes trcgzbfes pucfcg lgiaulrsc sclstlpes fcibgbstes,99 scls fcutcgslales icrklies96 y enhctes flvcrses jb-nrlibfes fc jlnrb vcmctba,93 scb ieg dl aes fc nrekcacicbs, urtliicbs,pbakicbs, cti., e dlaes fca bamefg.

Cg ca ieghugte fc utcgslales ks almbfes b ab ducrtb y b ab ibsb,fcstlgbfes pbrb prcpbrbr, scrvlr e bakbicgbr balkcgtes, Gecaal pegc aespbaes ducqucbfes, abs tbrlkbs y brkbrles fegfc sc mubrfbnb ca ieghug-

te fc lgstrukcgtes fekstlies, ca yb kcgilegbfe tcpltl, rbaaes y icfb-zes, vbslhbs flstlgtbs dcidbs fc kbfcrb ieke plaegcs, iuidbrbs, csp-tuabs y cspukbfcrbs -, pbes fc alkplczb, csienbs y icplaaes, flstlgtestlpes fc ibgbstes cgtrc caaes aes ibrmucres, fc trcs abfes, jegfe pab-ge y prcslaab pbrb pegcrac cg ab ibnczb e ibrmbr cg aes deknres y cayrubmuc, fcsibrtbnac y fcjila iegjciilg -, mrbgfcs ibgbstes, neases tc-

hlfes ieg dlaes fcbamefg y jlnrbs vcmctbacs e iucre, iuidlaaes fc pbhb,kbfcrb y flcgtcs.

Gecaal cxpalib quc aes mubrbg ieilgbnbg y iegscrvbnbg sus bal-kcgtes usbgfe fljcrcgtcs tiglibs ieke bsbr, dcrvlr, testbr, flscibr. Aes

Vceaemb mubrbg/9


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balkcgtes crbg bsbfes senrc ugb pbrrlaab cgvucates cg dehbs, cg abs nrb-sbs, cg abs icglzbs, cg ca bsbfer y cg ca derge suntcrrgce. Pbrb ab iei-ilg crbg utlalzbfbs abs eaabs fc nbrre y pbrb testbr aes balkcgtes ugb ic-rklib cg jerkb fc pabgidb. Vbgte pbrb bsbr e flscibr aes balkcgtesbdukgfeaes, ieke pbrb ca iegsuke lgkcflbte e ca bakbicgbklcgte,sc usbnb ugb pbrrlaab iubfrbgmuabr e trlbgmuabr. Ca jemg crb ca aeiba fcab bafcb pbrb iubaqulcrb fc cstbs iubtre jerkbs fc ieilgbr. Crb tbknlgjucgtc fc ibacgtbklcgte c lauklgbilg. Aes mubrbg ircbg quc ca jucmecstbnb mubrfbfe fcgtre fc abs kbfcrbs, fc kbgcrb quc dbicr jucme,

crb pbrb caaes sbibr jucme (fc ab acb),bkegfy hcpcb. Cgtrc aes mubrbgcxlstbg tbknlg uges slaes suntcrrgces fegfc sc mubrfbnbg aesplegcs.

Ieke yb sc db kcgilegbfe, fc ae quc ab brquceaemb rcieacitdbstb bderb sc pucfc bjl rkbr quc ab iuaturb kbtcrlba mubrbg, iegjci-ilegbfb cg kbtcrlbs prlkbs ge pcrcicfcrbs, cs ugb iuaturb dekemgcbcg ca tlckpe y ca cspbile. Cg cstc scgtlfe, ibnc fcilr quc abs pugtbs fcjacidb y aes rcstes fc icrklib preicfcgtcs fc fljcrcgtcs peibs y rcmle-gcs seg cxtrckbfbkcgtc sckchbgtcs cgtrc s c, lgiause, lfgtlies, prc-

scgtbgfe,scmg aes iaiuaes bicptbfes per Lmgile Yidkltz, abs klskbsibrbitcrstlibs fcsfc ca slmae Z dbstb ca slmae TZ.9: Cg cstc scgtlfe, Nre-idbfe bscvcrb (2


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Bkbzegb dbstb ca e fc ab Pabtb y fcsfc ab iestb Btagtlib dbstb AesBgfcs, sc flcrb fc ugb jerkb lmubakcgtc flsiegtlgubfb. Ab cxtcgslgfca tcrrlterle eiupbfe per aes mubrbg dbnrb rcsuatbfe fc abs klmrbile-gcs fc aes preples mubrbg y fc abs iegqulstbs y mubrbglzbilegcs quccaaes rcbalzbreg senrc aes prlkcres penabfercs fc abs rcmlegcs quc caaeslnbg eiupbgfe.

Pcre, abs cxpbgslegcs tcgbg akltcs fc ibritcr cieamlie y iua-turba. Cgtrc aes mubrbg ca akltc fc ab cxpbgslg juc ab tlcrrb lgbfciub-fb pbrb ca iuatlve y ab jerkb fc bprevcidbklcgte fca cspbile quc caaes

prbitlibnbg. Cxtcgses ibkpes bnlcrtes y scavbs fc brbuibrlb quc iu-nrbg ab rcmlg qucfbreg nbhe ca feklgle fc mrupes ibzbfercs, bmrliua-tercs y rcieacitercs lgilplcgtcs, fcstbigfesc cgtrc stes aes bgtcpbsb-fes fc aes oblgmbgm,e mublbgb, xeoacgm,idbrrb y klgubge,ks ba sur,bfcks fc penabilegcs lgfmcgbs fca Idbie, ba ecstc. Yc pucfc fcilrquc ab tlcrrb prcjcrlfb per aes mubrbg, cg iegtrbstc ieg aes bknlcgtcsquc eiupbnbg pcrljrlibkcgtc, sc ibrbitcrlzbnb per scr aauvlesb (ge db-nb cstbilg scib), per ab dukcfbf (slg glgmg fb nleamlibkcgtc sc-ie), per aes vcrbges ibalcgtcs y aes lgvlcrges rlmureses, ieg ugb jrc-

iucgilb kcflb fc dbstb ilgie fbs fc dcabfb per be. Caaes prcjcrbg abprexlklfbf fc abs bmubs dbstb trcsilcgtes kctres fc ab erlaab fca re,abmugb u eibge , batltufcs ge supcrlercs b iubtreilcgtes kctres se-nrc ca glvca fca kbr y rcbs iunlcrtbs fc vcmctbilg ieg jerkbilegcs je-rcstbacs dkcfbs.9

Ab scavb cs ca cspbile fc ab ibzb, ab pcsib y ab rcieaciilg? ab ducr-tb, ca aumbr fca iuat lve? ab bafcb, ca aumbr fc abs ibsbs, abs jlcstbs y abs rcu-glegcs.Sgb fcsirlpilg sckchbgtc pucfc scr enscrvbfb cg ug kbpb fl-scbfe per Bssuge Megbavcs, oblev-mubrbg fc Kbte Mresse feYua furbgtc ug preicse fc bajbnctlzbilg lkpackcgtbfe per ca cqulpe

fca Iegsche Lgflmcglstb Klslegcre ILKL, fc Feurbfes.69

Ca bgalsls fca cqulpbklcgte kbtcrlba y abs lgjerkbilegcs ctge-dlstrlibs kucstrbg iubg jbasb cs ab lfcb fc quc ab flctb fc aes mubrbgcrb penrc y nbsbfb prlgilpbakcgtc cg ab ibzb y ab pcsib. Ba iegtrbrle, cabgalsls rcvcab quc caaes prbitlibnbg ugb bmrliuaturb fc ducrtb fc mrbgrcgflklcgte y quc stb crb su nbsc balkcgtlilb, iekpackcgtbfb iegprefuites entcglfes cg ab rcieaciilg fc vcmctbacs y bglkbacs, cg abpcsib y ibzb fc kbkjcres, bvcs y rcptlacs.Bseknrbfes, Sarlie Yidklfa(239=) y avbr Gcz Ibnczb fc Zbib (2360) rcmlstrbreg ab flvlgbbnugfbgilb fc ab ieklfb fc ab tlcrrb, ieg ab iuba seilcfbfcs mubrbg,

ieke aes ibrle fc ab rcmlg fc Bsugilg, Pbrbmuby, y aes ibrlh fc Ybg-tb Ibtbalgb, Nrbsla, per ab flvlgb mrbilb, sustcgtbreg b aes curepces cgaes prlkcres bes fca iegtbite.66

Cg ca knlte fc abs bmrliuaturbs bkbzglibs ab ducrtb mubrbgsupcrb b ibsl tefbs sus iegmgcrcs per ca gkcre fc cspcilcs quc sc iua-tlvbg cg caab. Cgtrc caabs jlmurbg cg aes axlies fc ulz fc Kegteyb icr-ib fceide vbrlcfbfcs fc yuib, scls fc kbz,flcileide fc nbtbtb, ilgiefcobrb ugb rbz fc ab jbklalb fc abs flesiercbs cxlstcgtc senrc tefe cgNrbsla ,flcz fcjrlhea, ilgie fc plklcgte, egic fc kbrbiuy, trcs fc jru-

tlaab, slctc fc mubybnb c lggukcrbnacs rbics y dlcrnbs fc cspcilc ge fc-tcrklgbfb.63 Ycmg Gecaal, ca kcg mubrbg cst aches fc nbsbrsc cscg-ilbakcgtc cg ab yuib y ca kbz,pucs dbnb trclgtb y slctc flstlgtes mgc-res balkcgtliles fc erlmcg bmrieab. Cspcijlibkcgtc cg ca sltle brquce-amlie fc Brrele fe Iegfc cstc buter iegstbt ab cxlstcgilb fc 2:3 vb-rlcfbfcs fc jrutbs y => fc vcmctbacs flvlflfes cgtrc dehbs, tbaaes, rlze-kbs, nuanes, nretcs, scklaabs y frupbs, bfcks fc degmes iekcstlnacs.Jrcgtc b cste,ca ckpenrcilklcgte fc ab flctb mubrbg sae pucfc scr bf-

huflibfe babieaeglzbilg. Ab ieaeglzbilg ge sae slmgljli prflfb fc

6>/Mrbilcab Idbkerre


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nctb y hedubkmurb.6< Ab prlkcrb cxprcslg slmgljlib aes quc vlvcg cgab ibsb, tcyl mrupe,iekpbb,mcgcbaemb,kuide,30klcgtrbs qucc-kegmvb y tby rctbslmgljlibg fcsicgfcgilb,bgbknctb kuides pb-rlcgtcs yhedubkmurb hugtb, cgiucgtre.32 Ab lkpertbgilb jugfb-kcgtba fca iegicpte jbklalb pucfc scr iekprenbfb cg abs trbfuiilegcsquc ca hcsultb dlze fc bamugbs ibtcmerbs fc ab seilcfbf ge-lgfmcgb,ie-ke gbilg, quc a trbfuhe ba mubrbg usbgfe abs klskbs cxprcslegcsusbfbs pbrb jbklalb8 aes fcsicgflcgtcs fc lgfmcgbs, bvb ckebgm-vbc.3> Ab lfcb fc pbrilbalfbf, e scb, fc pcrtcgcgilb b ug mrupe lgf-mcgb e b ugb rcalmlg, a ab trbfuic ieg aes trklges kl jbklalb, idcrcyl, y aes quc dbicg pbrtc fc kl jbklalb, idc rcylmurb.39

Bfcks fc jbklalb, etre trklge quc lgtcmrb ca ieghugte fcgeknrcs rcjcrlfes b ctglbs mubrbg cs ca sujlhe, fc iegtrevcrtlfb lgtcr-prctbilg, -murb, quc slmgljlib preicfcgtc e kerbfer fc.Bs, aes ke-rbfercs fc ab slcrrb seg yvyty r lmurb,36 aes gbturbacs fc abs lgkcflbile-gcs fc ug fctcrklgbfe re seg oe ymurb,33 aes gbturbacs fc ab ibncic-rb fc ug re seg yr y oubpcmurb,3: aes fc Pbrbmuby e fc Bsugilg segpbrbmubymub3= y iubgfe ge sc sbnc ab preicfcgilb fc ugb pcrsegb sc

prcmugtb kbke ymurb pcgfc, quc slmgljlib fc fgfc cs5.34

Pcre absjbklalbs mubrbg kbgtcgbg cgtrc s, y slg fufb ieg etres bitercs seilb-acs b ae abrme fc su dlsterlb, rcabilegcs fc bprexlkbilg y flstbgilb-klcgte, ieke sc pefr vcr ks bfcabgtc.

Ab jbklalb cxtcgsb crb mencrgbfb per ug pbfrc qulcg, per ae mc-gcrba, bitubnb tbgte ieke pbliubgte ieke obrbl, e scb, bitubnb tbgtecg ca knlte ilvla ieke cg ca rcalmlese, rcspcitlvbkcgtc. Hedg KbgucaKegtclre aabkb ab btcgilg senrc ca dcide fc quc cgtrc aes mubrbg, cgbamuges ibses, sc btrlnubg tcrrlterles bkpales b ugb glib hcjbturb. Bspucs, abs fcgeklgbilegcs fc tcrrlterles kuatliekugltbrles tlcgfcg b

scr iegjugflfbs ieg aes geknrcs fc ibilqucs prlgilpbacs ieke Mubl-r, Vbyben y Mubrbknbr. Cg iegstbtbilegcs ieke stb sc nbsb ab ses-pcidb fcquc dunlcrb cxlstlfe cgtrc aes mubrbg ug slstckb fc hcjbturbslgilplcgtc ba tlckpe fc ab iegqulstb.3

Ba mcste bklstese fc aes mubrbg aes cxtrbghcres rcspegflcregieg lgmrbtltuf, bnuse y eprcslg. Iubgfe ks tbrfc, nbhe ca pcse fc csb

tlrbgb, aes lgfmcgbs yb ge aes qucrbg ieke iubfes, aes ieaeglzbfe-rcs ckpczbreg b rciautbr b ab jucrzb b abs kuhcrcs lgfmcgbs, ge sae pb-rbscrvlrsc fc caabs ieke csiabvbs y cspesbs, slge tbknlg pbrb vcgfcr-abs e lgtcribknlbrabs per enhctes.

Sge fc aes prlkcres afcrcs mubrbg quc lgtuy ab kbab lgtcg-ilg fc aes cxtrbghcres jucBrbibrc. Yu ackb ieke ca fc aes quc ac su-icflcreg cg ab auidb iegtrb aes ieaeglzbfercs juc cxpuasbr b aes irls-tlbges fc abs tlcrrbs fc aes mubrbg. Aes cgjrcgtbklcgtes cgtrc lgfmc-gbs y curepces, cg aes prlkcres mrupes iegtbitbfes, jerzbreg b aes ie-aeglzbfercs b cgtrbr cg iegtbite ieg etres mrupes mubrbg, y stes, b su

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vcz, cg ab kcflfb cg quc lnbg iegvlrtlgfesc cg vitlkbs fc ab mbgbg-ilb y ab bknlilg fc aes ieaeglzbfercs quc aes sekctbg b flvcrsbs jer-kbs fc csiabvltuf, jucreg slcgfe sustltulfes per lgfmcgbs rcilg ibp-turbfes.

B pbrtlr fca slmae TZL, cg aes pcribgics fca fcscgiucgtre:9 iua-turba, quc lnb fcsfc ca kcstlzbhc nleamlie dbstb ab fcslgtcmrbilg seile-ciegklie-rcalmlesb, aes flvcrses mrupes mubrbg preicfcgtcs cse csae quc slmgljlib murb fc abs ks flvcrsbs rcmlegcs jucreg fcscs-truiturbfes per aes cspbeacs quc kcziabnbg b aes mrupes iegjugflg-

feaes. Yurmlcreg aes pucnaes fc lgfles,fegfc aes mubrbg jucreg ieg-fcgbfes b ab lgkevlalfbf.Cg cstes rcbmrupbklcgtes y, ks tbrfc, cg absrcfuiilegcs:6 jrbgilsibgbs y hcsultbs, ca kugfe mubrbg dunlcrb pefl-fe suiuknlr, sl ge dunlcrbg lgtcrvcglfe aes afcrcs lgfmcgbs, ieke scvcr cg ca ibptuae >.

Cg cstb nrcvclgtrefuiilg b ab dlsterlb fc aes mubrbg ge dby cs-pbile pbrb fctbaabr ca pcrefe ieaeglba. Pcre ge puflcrb fchbr fc cstb-nacicr ae quc juc ab iegqulstb csplr ltuba y, pbrtliuabrkcgtc, ae qucjucreg abs rcfuiilegcs hcsultbs, cg ab bkpalb cxpcrlcgilb fc ieaeglzb-

ilg fc pertumucscs y cspbeacs senrc aes pucnaes tupl-mubrbg.Ab iegqulstb csplrltuba fc aes mubrbg sc sucac bjlrkbr ieke rc-suatbfe fc ab enrb klslegcrb fc aes hcsultbs. Fc dcide, ab cxpcrlcgilbslstcktlib y furbfcrb fc aes lmgbilbges juc fcilslvb cg ab vlfb fc aeslgfmcgbs rcfuilfes, pcre ge juc gl ab prlkcrb gl ab glib bitlvlfbf kl-slegcrbgl tbkpeie ugb biilg lgfcpcgflcgtc fc ab ieaeglb, ieke b vc-ics sc qulcrcfbr b cgtcgfcr.

Bpbrtc fc ab erfcg fc aes hcsultbs, y bfcks fca trbnbhe fc aes sb-icrfetcs scmabrcs, prcscgtcs fcsfc ab jugfbilg fc Bsugilg cgtrc aesmubrbg, etrb erfcg fc slgmuabr lkpertbgilb quc bitu cgtrc aes lgfmc-

gbs juc ab fc aes jrbgilsibges. B caaes acs ierrcspegfc ab lkpabgtbilgfca kefcae fc klslg per rcfuiilg yb cg 2340. Aes hcsultbs cg cstesbes yb sc cgiegtrbnbg cgtrc aes mubrbg fca sur y fca alterba, pcre seaeaacmbreg b mbgbr geterlcfbf y butegekb, scmg Kegtclre, ieg ab jug-fbilg fc ab prevlgilb ciacslstlib fca Pbrbmuby. Ca preycite fc rcfu-ilr b aes lgfmcgbs cg penabfes ge crb, ieke yb sc sumlr l, lgfcpcg-flcgtc fca preycite peatlie y ciegklie.Yu cstbnacilklcgte juc sealil-tbfe per abs buterlfbfcs fc ab prevlgilb cspbeab pbrb pbiljlibr b mru-pes rcbiles quc sc rcslstbg ba preycite ieaeglba y pbrb lgtcmrbr gucves

mrupes ba slstckb.Ca lgtcrs ciegklie crb iabre8 ugb vcz rcfuilfes, aes



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lgfmcgbs pefrbg scr jilakcgtc lgtcmrbfes ba slstckb fc trbnbhe ieae-glba. Vbknlg cg ca Nrbsla, ca slstckb fc klslegcs sc prcscgtbnb iekeab seauilg pbrb ca flackb cgtrc ca bprevlslegbklcgte fc nrbzes pbrb abciegekb ieaeglba y ca lfcba fc ab alncrtbf fc aes lgfles.:3 Iurlesbkcg-tc ca pbrcilfe cgtrc ab klslg hcsultb pbrbmubyb y nrbslacb sc iegstbtbtbknlg, bugquc cg kekcgtes flstlgtes fc su dlsterlb,:: cg ca scgtlfefcquc bknbs dbnbg qucnrbfe ca iegscgse cgtrc aes ieaeglzbfercs rcs-pcite ba trbnbhe lgfmcgb. Ba fcjcgfcr ab alncrtbf fc aes lgfmcgbsiegtrb ab rclvlgflibilg fca scrvlile pcrsegba fc aes gbtlves per pbr-

tc fc aes ieaeges, aes hcsultbs jucreg ug cackcgte fcscstbnlalzbfer pbrbab ieaeglb cg bqucaab peib.

B pcsbr fcab klaltbgilb fc aes hcsultbs b jbver fc aes lgfmcgbs,aes prejctbs mubrbg cgjrcgtbreg b su pretcitercs y ilvl alzbfercs cgvcrfbfcres fucaes rcalmleses c lgicgtlvbreg, cgtrc etrbs kcflfbs, ab ju-mb ieke ibklge b ab alncrtbf, ieke jerkb fc scmulr slcgfe aes klskes.Cg vbrles feiukcgtes sc dbic rcjcrcgilb b lgfmcgbs quc bnbgfegbregsus rcfuiilegcs, veavlcgfe b cspbrilrsc per aes kegtcs:= y b rccgieg-trbrsc ieg aes quc pcrkbgcilcreg alnrcs cg sus csiegfltcs e jumltlves cg

su preplb tlcrrb.:4

Bs, ieke iegvcglcgtckcgtc ae rciucrfb cmlgb Kb-rb B. J. Mbfcadb, ge tefes aes mubrbg jucreg rcfuilfes e cgicrrbfescg bafcbs, slge quc _[ kuides dbnbg pcrkbgcilfe csiegflfes, yper cse klske, jucreg prcscrvbfes, vlvlcgfe cg abs scavbs cg vlfb trl-nba. Cstc jbiter ge slckprc cs kcgilegbfe per aes cstufleses _[ , pc-re csiabrcic ca dcide fc quc ab iuaturb mubrbg dbyb slfe prcscrvbfbdbstb gucstres fbs.: Ieg cse sc lglil ug ibknle fcilslve cg absltubilg fc aes obygmu fc cgtegics y fc aes pbl-tbvytcr y oblev bi-tubacs, yb quc sc ircbreg abs iegflilegcs pbrb ilcrte tlpe fc rcabilg ie-aeglba quc pcrfurb dbstb dey.=9 Yeg fca slmae TLT bamugbs lgtcrcsbgtcslgjerkbilegcs ctgemrjlibs senrc aes obygmu, pbrtliuabrkcgtc jrbm-kcgtes fc flsiurse fc ug ibilquc y bamuges rcmlstres senrc rcalmlg, cs-irl tes per ca vlbhcre sulze Hedbgg ufeapd cgmmcr, quc btcstlmubg ugbsupucstb iegtlgulfbf cgtrc ab jerkb fc scr fc aes bgtlmues Ltbtg, fc aes

obygmu fc cgtegics y fc aes pbl-tbvytcr y oblev bitubacs.=6

Ilcrtb-kcgtc ge fchb fc scr sumcstlvb ugb iegstbgtc cg aes rcmlstres dlstrliessenrc cstes mrupes8 ab iruz. \b cg 2:9> aes klslegcres hcsultbs sc rcjc-rbg b caaes ieke b aes quc cspcrbnbg b sbicrfetcs quc aacvbnbg iruicscg sus kbges.=3 Fc aes obygmu sc csirlnl quc rcvcrcgilbnbg ab sbgtbiruz,=: slcgfe stb, scmg Lncz, ab lgslmglb fc sus ckprcsbs.==

cilg cg ca slmae TLT, ieg ab ctgeaemb fc aes vlbhcres, y cspcilba-kcgtc cg ca slmae TT ieg ab fc aes bgtrepaemes, sc aacmb b iegeicr absbutefcgeklgbilegcs fc cstes mrupes quc, per tbgtes bes, jucreg fc-geklgbfes obygmu.=4 Caaes seg8 2) aes bvbobtuct, idlrlp e bgfcvb,

icrib fc 2> kla pcrsegbs, cg Pbrbmuby y cg Nrbsla? >) aes kny,icrib fc23 kla, cg Pbrbmuby _ks fc 4000[, cg Brmcgtlgb _9,:60[ y cg Nrbsla_9,000[? 9) aes pbl-tbvytcr e oblev, quc aacmbg b >3 kla, cg Pbrbmuby ycg Nrbsla? y 6) aes idlrlmubges, quc sukbg ks fc =0 kla, vlvlcgfe cgca erlcgtc nealvlbge y cg abs rcmlegcs jregtcrlzbs cgtrc Pbrbmuby y Br-mcgtlgb.=0 kla pcrsegbs b jlgbacs fcaslmae TT y eiupbg pbrtc fc su tcrrlterle trbflilegba, bugquc cg pcquc-bs bafcbs e rcscrvbs cg Nrbsla, fegfc dby tbknlg ug gkcre iegslfc-rbnac fc lgfmcgbs fcstcrrbfes ieke iegsciucgilb fca bvbgic fc db-

ilcgfbs y fc ilufbfcs cg ab tlcrrb fc su bafcbs. B pcsbr fc tefe, sc puc-



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fc fcilr ieg Kcal quc aes mubrbg trlnbacs prcscgtbg bitubakcgtc uggflic fckemrjlie rcabtlvbkcgtc cacvbfe, senrc tefe sl sc ac iekpbrbieg abs iljrbs rcfuilfbs prcscgtbfbs per etrbs trlnus bkbzglibs.40 CgNrbsla aes mubrbg iegstltuycg ca mrupe lgfmcgb ks gukcrese, ieg 93kla lgtcmrbgtcs, scmulfe per aes tlougb, ieg 9>,:29 y per aes oblgmbgm,ieg >3 kla.

Cg Nrbsla, cg tefe ibse, ab kbyerb fc aes mubrbg bitubacs cstiegjlgbfb b pcqucbs rcbs pretcmlfbs per ca Cstbfe. Cg kuides ib-ses iekpbrtcg ab tlcrrb ieg etrbs ctglbs lgfmcgbs, ieke oblgmbgm, tc-

rcgb y xeoagm. Cg abs atlkbs fibfbs, ieg ab lgtcgsljlibilg fca pabg-te fc ab seyb, ab tlcrrb dbnltbfb per aes mubrbg juc supcrvbaerbfb, aequc, lrglibkcgtc, ketlv su fcstlcrre.42 Cse sc fle, cg etres ibses,perquc uslgbs dlfrecaitrlibs dbg lgugfbfe sus tlcrrbs y perquc ca pre-ple Cstbfe db rcbalzbfe rcjerkb bmrbrlb cg bafcbs lgfmcgbs. Chckpaefc caae seg abs biilegcs fca Prcslfcgtc Mctale Zbrmbs, cg aes bes 60 cgca Kbte Mresse, y fca Mencrgbfer Acegca Nrlzeab, cg aes 30, cg ^leMrbgfc fe Yua.

Btcgilg cspcilba kcrcic ab sltubilg fc aes kny. Fcspus fc

aes trbsterges ibusbfes per ab mucrrb fc ab Vrlpac Balbgzb (24:324=0),aes kny vlvlcreg rcabtlvbkcgtc blsabfes dbstb ab prlkcrb kltbf fca sl-mae TT, cg aes lgkcgses abtljugfles ircbfes ieg ab aetlzbilg fc Pb-rbmuby cg ab pesmucrrb. Ieke sc sbnc, ca menlcrge jbgteidc fc cgteg-ics cgtrcm ug rcb fc 20 kla dcitrcbs fc scavb gbtlvb ba ilcgtjlie sul-ze Kelss Y. Ncrtegl (243=-2 Fc kbgcrb slklabr ab ckprcsb aabkbfbAb Lgfustrlba Pbrbmubyb Y.B. rcilnl ug rcb fc 9,30>,=>= dcitrcbs,ae iuba ierrcspegfb ba 2=% fc tefb ab rcmlg erlcgtba fc Pbrbmuby.49

Cstb ckprcsb sc fcfli b ab cxpaetbilg fc ab ycrnb kbtc.46B pcsbr fca

lkpbite ibusbfe per ab eiupbilg fc abs tlcrrbs,ca ibritcr cxtrbiter fccstb bitlvlfbf quc sc lkpabgt cg ab klskb, bibn, fc bamugb kbgcrb,sbavbmubrfbgfe ab lgtcmrlfbf fc aes lgfmcgbs.

Ieg ca bvbgic fc ab ieaeglzbilg cg abs scavbs iegtlmubs ba ePbrbg, aes kny rcbiilegbreg lgtcgsljlibgfe sus klmrbilegcs. Fc Pb-rbmuby pbsbnbg b Brmcgtlgb y fc baa, nusibgfe ab iestb Btagtlib, bNrbsla, fegfc sc aeibalzbg bitubakcgtc cg pcqucbs iekuglfbfcs fcs-fc ca le Mrbgfc fe Yua dbstb ca Pbr. Aes lkpuasb b ibklgbr ab gcicsl-fbf fc cgiegtrbr ug aumbr fegfc acs scb peslnac vlvlr cg scmurlfbf sujerkb fc scr. Yukbr slkpackcgtc cstes kny b aes etres mubrbg fcstc-

Vceaemb mubrbg/6


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rrbfes scrb fchbr fc iegslfcrbr ab cspciljlilfbf fc su rcbiilg jrcgtc baicrie quc acs lkpuse ca fcsbrreaae cg abs atlkbs fibfbs. Caaes rcbi-ilegbg ge seabkcgtc ieg ug flsiurse rcalmlese icgtrbfe cg ab nsquc-fb fc ab tlcrrb slg kbacs, slge tbknlg peglgfesc altcrbakcgtc cgkbridb, cg nusib fc cstc aumbr.43

Ieg ca bvbgic fc ab ilufbf senrc ca ibkpe aes mrupes mubrbg,quc dbg cstbfe fcsfc dbic kuide ks tlckpe nbhe ab lgjaucgilb fc ugfcsbrreaae quc cs cxtrbe b su slstckb bfcks fc abs kbribs fchb-fbs per ca bgtl-lgflmcglske quc kuy tckprbge sc fcsbrreaa cg Pbrb-

muby, Brmcgtlgb, Nealvlb y Nrbsla sc cgiucgtrbg bg ks cxpucstes baes rcslfues fc ab iuaturb eiilfcgtba. Cgtrc aes gucves bmcgtcs fc csbjerkb fc iegtbite cstg abs csiucabs y abs lmacslbs. Bquaabs, mcgcrba-kcgtc, ieg ug premrbkb ge fljcrcgilbfe fc cgscbgzb y ab kbyerb fcabs vcics usbgfe ieke lflekb ca pertumus e ca ibstcaabge, stbs, flspu-tbgfe cgtrc s y cg jerkb estcgslvb ab bfdcslg fc aes lgfmcgbs. Bk-nbs, b su kbgcrb, iegslfcrgfesc ieke pertbferbs fc ilvlalzbilg y jcirlstlbgb, ge pbsbg fc scr csiucabs fc supcrstlilg, pbrb usbr ugb cx-prcslg fc Kcal (2


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jerkb fc fljcrcgilbilg c lfcgtljlibilg cstg bamuges fbtes senrc abiegstruiilg fc ab pcrsegb y fc su jerkb fc rcabilegbrsc ieg aesetres.


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glzbfbs? y, cspcilbakcgtc cg tlckpes fc irlsls, klslegcres curepces.Dey ab lgiauslg pucfc cxtcgfcrsc b aes jugilegbrles pnalies quc bi-tbg cgtrc aes lgfmcgbs ieke aes fc ab Jugbl, ab Ycirctbrb fc Ybaufy fc Cfuibilg -, b aes klslegcres fc tefbs abs preicfcgilbs tceamlibs,bab penabilg ge lgfmcgb fc ab seilcfbf ilriugfbgtc, b aes lgvcstlmb-fercs c lgvcstlmbferbs, b aes bmcgtcs fc fcsbrreaae, cti.

Sg chckpae pbrtliuabr fc ab teacrbgilb quc tba jerkb fc pcgsbrpeslnlaltb cs ab rcabtlvb bicptbilg quc kuides klslegcres jrbgilsibgesy hcsultbs mezbreg cgtrc aes lgfmcgbs, ieke vcrfbfcres idbkbgcs, ob-rbl, fca mrupe. Bitubakcgtc ab iegilcgilb fca bgfvbcg ca glvca tgliecs kuide ks rltuba y rctrlib. Cspbrilfes cg pcqucbs iekuglfbfcs(kuidbs fc caabs cg pacgb kevlalfbf mcemrjlib), cg ugb vbstb rcmlg,cs ibfb vcz ks fljila ab cxpcrlcgilb peatlie-seilba fc cstb jerkb fclfcgtljlibilg.

Ieg abs cxprcslegcservby bgfvbcstbkes jrcgtc b fes tlpesfc iegilcgilb fc s erlcgtbfes per ca prlgilple fc ab lfcgtlfbf, ugb ksicrrbfb y cxiauslvb, ab etrb ks bnlcrtb c lgiauslvb. Fcsfc ca tlckpe fcab ieaeglzbilg, aes lgfmcgbs vbg batcrggfesc cgtrc ca ervb(iubgfe

ge bicptbg, ieknbtcg, sc rcslstcg b ae gucve) y ca bgfvb(iubgfe scfchbg nbutlzbr, bicptbg csiucabs y despltbacs fca nabgie, iucstlegbgabs lggevbilegcs pcre tbknlg abs teacrbg c, lgiause, abs bslklabg). Cgbknbs bitltufcs aes mubrbg rciegeicg ab cxlstcgilb fc etrb seilcfbfcg ab e ba kbrmcg fc ab iuba caaes vlvcg y jrcgtc b ab iuba caaes prc-ilsbg bjlrkbrsc y flstlgmulrsc. Fc aes trcs mrupes mubrbg bqu cstuflb-fes, aes kny seg aes quc ks tlcgfcg b bjlrkbrsc per ca irltcrle fcaervb, klcgtrbs quc aes bgfcvb e idlrlp sc fcstbibg ieke aes ksiegicslves jrcgtc ba etre, cg tbgte quc b aes oblev acs ierrcspegfc abpeslilg lgtcrkcflb. Pcre cg tefes cstes mrupes dby jbklalbs y afcrcs

fc abs ks flstlgtbs tcgfcgilbs. Ae lgtcrcsbgtc cs vcrljlibr quc aes kn-y chcricg ilcrtb jbsilgbilg senrc aes afcrcs fc aes etres mrupesmubrbg lgsbtlsjcides ieg ca alncrbalske fc aes klcknres fc su mrupejrcgtc b ab seilcfbf cgveavcgtc.

Batcrgbgfe bitltufcs quc vbrbg cgtrc ab rlmlfcz fca ervby ab jac-xlnlalfbf fca bgfvb, aes mubrbg ge sae rccabnerbg abs cxpcrlcgilbsfc rlcsme y fc fcrretbs quc tuvlcrbg, slge tbknlg ab iegilcgilb fc pe-sccr ug nlcg quc sc pcrpctb fb trbs fb/Mrbilcab Idbkerre


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Cg cstc scgtlfe, ibnc rcierfbr quc gbfb cs ks tcklfe per aesmubrbg quc ab bkcgbzb fc quc caaes yb ge pucfbg flstlgmulrsc fc aesfcks. Fchbr fc scr lgfmcgb scrb pbrb caaes iegvcrtlrsc cg ilufbfbgesiekugcs, tbvymury kerbfer, mub.r., fc ab ilufbf, tvb, e scb, ba-mulcg quc lmgerb su erlmcg, scmg etrb ctlkeaemb.

Cs stb ab flgklib quc kbgtlcgc vlves b aes mubrbg bgtc babvbgic premrcslve fc aes jrcgtcs fc ieaeglzbilg y fc klslg, quc aesjuc sbibgfe fc sus atlkes csiegfltcs, cspcilbakcgtc furbgtc ab scmug-fb kltbf fca slmae TT.

2.>.> Nbmbhc iua turba c lfcgtl fbf

Furbgtc ab abrmb flsiuslg senrc cstc tckb cg ab bgtrepeaemb se-ilba, ba klske tlckpe quc ab ibtcmerb iuaturb juc pcrflcgfe ca slmgl-jlibfe egteamlie y ca pcse fctcrklgbgtc quc tuve


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ieke aes Iabstrcs csirlnbg quc aes mubrbg cstbnbg iegfcgbfes bierte pabze y quc yb cgtegics, cg aes bes :0,ge sunslstbg ks quc absrulgbs fc caaes. Abs seilcfbfcs lgfmcgbs, slg cknbrme, vlcgcg fckes-trbgfe quc su rcslstcgilb ge cst icgtrbfb cg ab peslnlalfbf fc quc bn-sernbg e ge cackcgtes fc ab iuaturb feklgbgtc, slge cg ab jerkb cgquc tbacs cackcgtes pucfcg scr rcbrtliuabfes pesltlvbkcgtc per caabs.

Hedg Kegtclre rcsbatb ca dcide fc quc aes lgfmcgbs jucreg ieg-slfcrbfes cg abs enrbs dlsterlemrjlibs ieke penrcs rckbgcgtcs, se-nrcvlvlcgtcs, vcstlmles quc slmucg bmbrrbfes b ae peie quc acs qucfb

fcspus fc ilgie slmaes fc fcprcfbilg y cxpealbilg. Cstb pcrspcitlvb,slmuc flilcgfe ca buter, eiuatb aes katlpacs preicses dlstr lies fciucstlegbklcgte, gcmbilg y rccabnerbilg fc lfcgtlfbfcs lgfmcgbsquc lgjerkbnbg y cgruknbnbg abs kbgcrbs per kcfle fc abs iubacs fl-jcrcgtcs scmkcgtes seilbacs gbtlves tekbnbg peslilg jrcgtc ba gucveerfcg quc iekcgz b lgstburbrsc ieg ab aacmbfb fc aes prlkcres gbvc-mbgtcs pertumucscs, dbic qulglcgtes bes.200 ^cjlrlgfesc b ab sltub-ilg fc aes pucnaes cstuflbfes cg cstb enrb, flide buter fcstbib quc aches fc scr lgcrkcs vitlkbs quc aacgbg dbnltubakcgtc aes alnres fc

dlsterlb, aes mubrbg fcsbrreaabreg cstrbtcmlbs preplbs quc bpugtbnbgge seabkcgtc b ab kcrb supcrvlvcgilb slge, tbknlg, b ab pcrkbgcgtcgucvb ircbilg fc su lfcgtlfbf y fc su kefe fc scr, jrcgtc b iegflile-gcs premrcslvbkcgtc bfvcrsbs.202

Cse suicfc perquc cg ab flsperb e cg ca lgtcgse iegtbite, iekeae fckestr Kbgucab Ibrgclre fb Iugdb, ugb iuaturb ge sc plcrfc,sl-ge qu bfqulcrc ugb gucvb jugilg cscgilba quc sc bmrcmb b etrbs, periubgte sc iegvlcrtc cg iuaturb fc iegtrbstc, quc fctcrklgb vbrles pre-icses? _[ ab iuaturb tlcgfc ba klske tlckpe b bicgtubrsc, dbilgfe-sc ks vlslnac y b slkpaljlibrsc y cgfurcicrsc, rcfuilgfesc b ug gkc-

re kcger fc rbsmes quc sc dbicg flbirtlies 20>. Ieke cg ab flsperbca nbmbhc iuaturba fcnc scr susilgte, scaciilegb fc ab iuaturb ae quc csepcrbtlve, ae quc slrvc pbrb prcscrvbr ab lfcgtlfbf fca mrupe, pbrb rcsls-tlr b ab lgtcrjcrcgilb.209

Cg cstc scgtlfe, tekbgfe cg iucgtb ab lkpertbgilb slgmuabr qucaes mrupes mubrbg bitubacs iegjlcrcg b ab vlfb rcalmlesb, sc pucfc bjlr-kbr quc caaes csiemlcreg ab rcalmlg206 ieke bjlrkbilg jrcgtc b ab il-vlalzbilg eiilfcgtba, ieke jerkb fc iegtlgubr slcgfe aes klskes. \bcg aes prlkcres bes fc iegtbite ieg ca irlstlbglske kuides idbkb-

gcs cacmbg cackcgtes fc su rcalmlg y aes iegvcrtbg cg skneaes fc su



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lfcgtlfbf tglib y iuaturba.203 Cacmbg dbstb cackcgtes fc ab rcalmlgirlstlbgb y aes lgierperbnbg b su jerkb fc scr, ieke sl stes acs juc-rbg preples.

\ ge puflcrb iegiaulr cstb pbrtc fca trbnbhe slg rctekbr ca tckbfca kcstlzbhc nleamlie fc aes mubrbg dlstrlies.Cs iegeilfb ab uglgfc lgflbs mubrbg y iegqulstbfercs cspbeacs fcsfc aes prlkcres ieg-tbites fca slmae TZL, fc ab iuba rcsuat ab penabilg pbrbmubyb ks bg-tlmub.20: Etrb jerkb fc kcstlzbhc sc fle cg Nrbsla, prcilsbkcgtc cg YePbuae, cgtrc lgfmcgbs mubrbg sbibfes fc abs klslegcs e ibpturbfescg ab scavb y gcmeilbfes ieke csiabves y kuhcrcs y deknrcs fc etrbpreicfcgilb tglib. Aes fcsicgflcgtcs fc cstbs pcrsegbs, b pcsbr fc db-ncr rciupcrbfe ab alncrtbf, ge rciupcrbreg su lfcgtlfbf lgfmcgb. Caaespbsbreg b cgmresbr abs acmlegcs fc nabgies y kcstlzes penrcs quc iegs-tltubg ab kbyerb fc ab penabilg rurba.20=

Sg tcricr kekcgte fc kcstlzbhc nleamlie fc aes mubrbg scfle fcspus fc ab cxpuaslg fc aes hcsultbs, cg 2=:=. Ieg ab sciuabrlzb-ilg fcabs rcfuiilegcs y ab pbuabtlgb flseauilg fc ab seilcfbf mubrbgquc prevcgb fc aes trclgtb pucnaes dbstb cgtegics mencrgbfes per hc-

sultbs, ug iegslfcrbnac iegtlgmcgtc fc ab penabilg mubrbg slg ab kcz-iab nleamlib ieg aes curepces sc bmrcm b ab penabilg ieaeglba kcstl-zb fc Pbrbmuby y fc ab rcmlg aabkbfb klslegcrb cg Nrbsla y Brmcgtlgb,fegfc tcrklgbreg kcziagfesc ieg ab penabilg aeiba y, ieg ca tlckpe,fchbreg fc lfcgtljlibrsc ieke lgfmcgbs.

Cg Pbrbmuby caaes sc lgierperbreg b ab penabilg preicfcgtc fcug kcstlzbhc bgtcrler y sc flauycreg cg caab, aacmbgfe b lgtcmrbr ca puc-nae-chrilte quc ieknbtl y juc ibsl cxtcrklgbfb cg ab mucrrb fc ab Vrl-pac Balbgzb fc Nrbsla, Brmcgtlgb y Srumuby iegtrb Pbrbmuby.204 Cg Nrb-sla y Brmcgtlgb, fc ab bgtlmub penabilg klslegcrb sc erlmlg ab penab-

ilg a abkbfb mbuidb20< quc aacm b lgtcmrbr ab penabilg gbilegba, slgglgmugb fljcrcgilbilg tglib. Yc iegjlrkb bs ae quc Cgl Erabgfl cs-irlnl senrc aes lgfmcgbs cg mcgcrba, quc cg ab iegstltuilg kcstlzb fcab gbilegbalfbf, caaes ge sc kcziabreg, fcsbpbrcilcreg.220

^cmrcsbgfe b aes mrupes mubrbg quc ge pbsbreg per tbacs pre-icses fc trbgsjlmurbilg nleamlib y pslie-iuaturba, prcscgte b iegtl-gubilg bamuges cackcgtes quc cveibg pbrb cstes lgfmcgbs su acbatbftglib y su flstlgilg fc ab penabilg gbilegba8 aes cackcgtes rcabile-gbfes ieg sus slstckbs fc irccgilbs.

Vceaemb mubrbg/33

8/9/2019 TEOLOGIA GUARANI - GRACIEL

teologia guarani - graciela chamorro - portalguarani

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