pecuaria y negocios - aÑo 8 - numero 95 - junio 2012 - paraguay - portalguarani

7/21/2019 PECUARIA Y NEGOCIOS - AO 8 - NUMERO 95 - JUNIO 2012 - PARAGUAY - PORTALGUARANI

1/80

OJ[FMQB HMBDJOMBX]B AH ]HJHD ]HWFA

37 HAOMOD AH @FHW[B SBAHB O]@F [BO

OJ[FMQB HMBDJOMBX]B AH ]HJHD ]HWFA

Ah prbyhmtb f rhf oafAh prbyhmtb f rhf oaf

37 HAOMOD AH @FHW[B SBAHB O]@F [BO

@BJF HSAH

FB 7 |D ?8LXDOB 3;63[FSFEXF_

@f ahmosod ah` erupb Mhupphds ah trh` p`fdth` `hmghrb ah` Cflb Mgfmb f `fBrohdtf` db sb`b nuh ud ahsfnb, sodb qfpudtf f nbrtf`hmhr `f muhdmf `hmghrfzbdf ah Frrbybs y Hsthrbs. @f mfcff^hrah mbdstotuyh fs ud pfsb ojpbrtfpfrf `f prbaummod `hmghrf dfmobdf`. Hnbtb, `f sf`f ah brahh ah` hstfc`hmoj

FB 7 |D ?8LXDOB 3;63

[FSFEXF_


2/803 [HMXFSOF & DHEBMOB] LXDOB 3;63


3/80


4/80

OJ[FMQBHMBDJOMBAH@X]BAH]HJHD]HWFAB

37HAOMODAH@FHW[BSBAHBO]@F[BO

OJ[FMQBHMBDJOMBAH@X]BAH]HJHD]HWFAB

Ah prbyhmtb f rhf oafaAh prbyhmtb f rhf oafa

37HAOMODAH@FHW[BSBAHBO]@F[BO

@BJF ^HSAH

FB7 | D?8LXDOB3;63[FSFEXF_

@fahmosodahèrupb Mhupphdsahtrfs`fafrh`p`fdth``hmghrbah` CflbMgfmbf `frheodBrohdtf`dbsb`bnuh udahsfnb,sodbquhfpudtff nbrtf`hmhr`fmuhdmf`hmghrfah `fzbdfahFrrbybsy Hsthrbs.@fmfcff@bjf^hrahmbdstotuyhfsudpfsb ojpbrtfdthpfrf`fprbaummod`hmghrfdfmobdf`.Hd `fnbtb,`fsf`f ahbrahhah` hstfc`hmojohdtb.

FB7| D?8LXDOB3;63[FSFEXF_

H A O Q B S O F @

Qth. hrf 378> h/ Mdh`. Mfcrhrf y Ar. Mfcf``hrbFsudmod, [frfeufyQh`hnfx< (8?8 36) >63 1;1 - >>; ?71 - >36 55;/3H-jfo`< phmufrofKmfjpbferbphmufrob.mbj.py

AF AH @F @HMGH

Mbd sbcrfabs jbtovbs, `fNhahrfmod ah Mbbphrftovfs ah[rbaummod (Nhmbprba) mh`hcr

h` Af ah f @hmgh h` pfsfab 36 ah ludob.@f fdsttrobdf nuh f mbbphrftovf @fGb`fdaf, hdtoafa quh mh`hcr =; fbs ahodaustrofòzfmod ah f hmgh y f gfcoòtf-mod ah su p`fdtf ah hmgh hd pb`vb.

X]B AH ]HJHD ]HWFAB

H` shjhd shxfab hs udfthmdb`bef fpòmfaf f fprbaummod `hmghrf, muyf

aonusod hst hd nrfdmb mrhmojohdtb,ahcoab f bs sòabs nudafjhdtbsprbaumtovbs y rhprbaumtovbs. Hd hstfhaomod, h` jaomb vhthrodfrob Nhrdfd-ab Noeuhrhab crodaf ahtf``hs.

MGFS@F] ]BCSH @HMGHSF

Hd h` jfrmb ah fs mbdjhjb-rfmobdhs pbr h` Af ah f @hmgh,`f hjprhsf ah dutromod fdojf`

Qbrtuef, rhfòz udf shroh ah lbrdfafstmdomfs hd fs prodmopf`hs muhdmfs`hmghrfs ah` pfs ahsah h` 67 f` 33 ahludob, fmbjpffabs ah hsphmofòstfs hddutromod y jfdhlb ah efdfab hmghrb.

Fprbvhmgfr cohd h tohjpb quh quhaf

[hmufrof & Dhebmobs. Nudafaf hd ludob ah` 3;;1, hs udfpucòmfmod ah Frthjfm ].F.[ucòmfmod jhdsuf`. Aostro-cumod sod mbstb hd tbabs `bs erhjobs ah `f prbaummod phmuf-rof, odaustrofs nroebrstmfs, hjprhsfs mbjhrmof`hs rh`fmobdf-afs, hdths stdfdmohrbs h odstotumobdhs pcòmfs, hdtrh btrbs.[rbgocoaf su rhprbaummod. Qbabs `bs ahrhmgbs rhshrvfabs.

AOSHMMODQhrhsf Soquh`jh ah Sbjhrb

HAOMODDbhòf Soquh`jh

SHAFMMOD]faotg [hdfyb, Joeuh` Mfsto``b,Crudb Lfrf, @oòfdf ]fòdfs

AO]HB _ MBJ[FEODFMODJfrmb N`brhdtd, Gueb Hsquovh`,Afdoh` Soquh`jh

EHSHDMOF MBJHSMOF@Hjoòb Sbjhrb

[XC@OMOAFAE`brof Bvohab

Mh`< (;?56) ?67 >;;/(;?76) 351 8?5Jfvh`ò EutohrrhzMh`< (;?56) ?67 8;;

Shodf Dbhòf EfbdfMh`< (;?78) 11; >8;

Dh``y @fmfsfMh`.< (;?73) 717 8;3

Frturb GbjhdouiMh`.< (;?73) 7>7 6;?/(;??6) ?18 17=

[uhahd gfchr aovhrehdmofs sbcrh mjb y pbr qu sh aob, phrbh` rocudf` ah Lustomof H`hmtbrf` ahm`fr f Nhahromb Nrfdmbmbjb prhsoahdth `hetojb ah` [frfeufy. Hd tfdtb, johd-

trfs soeuhd `fs aosmusobdhs, hs dhmhsfrob rhphdsfr h` pfs y hstf-c`hmhr `fs `dhfs pfrf udf frjbdozfmod ah `fs fmmobdhs ah mfrff hstfc`hmhr `fs cfshs ah `b quh pbarfd shr pb`tomfs ah Hstfab.

Db sh puhah gfc`fr ah ud duhvb Ebcohrdb ahsah ud pudtbah vostf purfjhdth tmdomb, puhs fsujo `f projhrf jfeostrftu-rf quohd nuhrf h` sheudab hd `dhf ah sumhsod. Hs `f mbdtoduf-

mod ah` josjb jfdaftb fsoedfab h` 3; ah fcro` ah` 3;;7 f udfmgfpf prhsoahdmof`.Hdtrh tfdtb, h` jhdsflh afab odomof`jhdth fpudtf f udf jh-

lbr rh`fmod Hlhmutovb y @heos`ftovb, `b quh sueohrh quh hs udjbjhdtb prbpomob pfrf hstfc`hmhr hsbs òdhfjohdtbs. Vuhafdudbs pbmbs jhshs fdths ah` rhmfjcob ah jfdaftb, pbr `b quh shahch fprbvhmgfr cohd h` tohjpb quh quhaf.

hjfs sohjprh mbdtrbvhrtoabs mbjb rhnbrjf ferfr of, rhdtfphrsbdf`, odmhdtovbs f `f odaustrofòzfmod ah jfthrofs projfsjftroz hdhretomf y btrbs, cohd sh puhahd hstfc`hmhr hd ud ao-`beb dfmobdf` quh fpudth f shdtfr `fs cfshs ah hsfs pb`tomfs ahHstfab, tfd dhmhsfrofs pfrf quh h` Ebcohrdb ah turdb, ah` soedbpb`tomb quh shf, rhfòmh `f mbdtodufmod ah `fs tfrhfs.

Fs sh pbarf hvotfr hjphzfr sohjprh ah mhrb b fpòmfr h` sdarb-jh ah Fad, quh db fajoth trfcflbs fdthrobrhs. ]bd mu`turfs quhhd `b pbsoc`h sh ahchd ahshmgfr y phdsfr ah jfdhrf js pbsotovfgfmof h` nuturb ah` pfs, tbabs ludtbs. Hs b quh h` shmtbr prbaumtovbfeufraf ah su m`fsh pb`tomf, quh hst f f f`turf ah bs ghmgbs. [uh`bs prbaumtbrhs, sfchd quh f h``bs, f` jhdbs, db tohdhd btrb mfjodbquh trfcflfr y trfcflfr. Fgbrf hs h` turdb ah bs pb`tombs, ah pbdhr-sh ah fmuhrab hd bclhtovbs dfmobdf`hs, fdths quh pfrtomu`frhs.

63

83

87

53

Haomod D ?8 | Ludob 3;63

] X J F S O B

HW[B SBAHB O]@F [BO

F phsfr ah `f odmhrtoaujcrhquh mfus hd f ehdth fsodudafmobdhs rheostrfafs hd

cuhdf pfrth ah` thrrotbrob mgfquhb,odmùoaf f zbdf mhdtrf`, h` ahsfrrb``bferbphmufrob ah` Mgfmb db mbdbmh ahpfusfs. Fs, sh `hv f mfcb f 37 HxpbSbahb Os`f [bo hd f Mb`bdof Jhddb.


5/80


6/80> [HMXFSOF & DHEBMOB] LXDOB 3;63

M B _ X D Q X S F

Ojpòmfdmofs ah f mrosos pb`tomf

H` Mbderhsb ahstotuy f` prhsoahdth Nhr-dfdab @ueb sbjhtoab f ud Luomob [b`-tomb y fsujo h` mfreb h` vomhprhsoahdth

Nhahromb Nrfdmb. H` ghmgb gostromb sh aobh` vohrdhs 33 ah ludob y trfs `f vbtfmod,quh frrbl ud tbtf` ah =? vbtbs f nfvbr ah `frhjbmod, odmùoab f hx fòfabs, h` mhsfabHlhmutovb hjoto ud jhdsflh f `f mouafaf-df fmhptfdab h` rhsu`tfab, mbd pbsthrobrhsmuhstobdfjohdtbs. H` std ah shjfdf, Nrfd-mb mbjp`ht su efcodhth, hd abdah rhtbm

pfrmof`jhdth su hquopb hmbdjomb, puhsjfdtuvb f` prhsoahdth ah` Cfdmb Mhdtrf`,phrb mbd mfjcobs hd Gfmohdaf.

@bs shmtbrhs quh fpbyfd f @ueb favor-tohrbd quh sh trft ah udf luefaf brquhstf-af pbr `bs pfrtoabs trfaomobdf`hs y mbdtrf-robs f `f `dhf ah` ahstotuoab prhsoahdth, fs

mbjb muhstobdfr pfrth ah` prbmhaojohdtbhd h` Luomob [b`tomb.

Hd tfdtb, `bs pfrtoafrobs ah` mfjcob ahjfdab mbdsoahrfrbd quh sh prbmhao ahd-trb ah `b quh hst hstopu`fab hd `f Mbds-totumod, pbr `b quh db sh puhah gfc`fr ahud quohcrh odstotumobdf` do jumgb jhdbsah eb`ph. H` soeuohdth pfsb nuh trftfr ahsfòr f hxpòmfr f `f mbjudoafa ah dfmob-dhs `b sumhaoab, mbd suhrth aospfr. Hdtrh`bs projhrbs odmbdvhdohdths nuh h` db rh-

mbdbmojohdtb ah pfshs sbmobs y vhmodbs,mbjb h` Jhrmbsur y Xdfsur. ]od hjcfreb,btrbs ebcohrdbs tbjfrbd udf pbsturf jsfcohrtf. Odmùsb gfmof h` stdf` ah` jhs udfah`hefmod ah `f Brefdozfmod ah HstfabsFjhromfdbs (BHF) rhfòz udf vosotf bst-mof` pfrf hvfùfr b sumhaoab.

Hxosth prhbmupfmod pbrquh hstf mropb`tomf thdef sus mbdshmuhdmofs hmbdjmfs. Johdtrfs, Nrfdmb fah`fdt quh probzfr h` trfcflb odthrdb, frrhe`fr f mfsf, pfùheb sheuor mbd `fs tfrhfs odthrdfmobdf`mbd js nuhrzf, pbrquh ah ghmgb sh trfchd fjcbs nrhdths.

@f odthdmod ah hdluomofr`b f @ueb vdh ahsah gfmh tohjpb. ]h gfc`f quh guf` jhdbs udf vhodthdf ah thdtftovfs, gf`f shjfdf prhvof f` Luomob [b`tomb, mufdf rfz ah udf jfsfmrh hd ud prbmhaojohtb ah ahsf`blb ah bmupfdths ah tohrrfs. hsth ghmgb ùmtubsb sh sujfrbd hdtrh freujhdtbs hd mbdtrf ah` hx bcospb h` hjp`hb ah mufrth`hs pfrf rhudobdhs ah lvhdsbmofòstfs, `f strjf ah` [rbtbmb`b mbdbmombjb Xsgufof OO, fs mbjb btrbs fsphmtrh`fmobdfabs f `f odsheuroafa. fjcophs hd `f ahmosod ah `bs pfr`fjhdtfrobs

dbjcrfjohdtb ah` hx stsmf` Sucd MfdaFjfro``f, ah hxtrfmmod mb`brfaf, ahlfdah `fab f sus gfstf hdtbdmhs fòfabs aEbcohrdb.

@bs afs pbsthrobrhs soedostmfrbd rhmbjpbsomod ah `bs duhvbs odquoòdah` Ebcohrdb y udf rhsosthdmof pfmstmf fpbyb f` ahstotuoab @ueb. fjcod hdaosmursb ah pbshsod ah` mfreb ah Nrfdmhdtrh sus projhrfs jfdonhstfmobdhs fputfrbd f nbrtf`hmhr fèudfs fmmobdhs ah fdthmhsbr, fs mbjb afr mbjb shf`hs qfpudtfr f afr probroafa f `f rhnbrjf fer

rof, `f sheuroafa, jhlbr mfòafa ah sfùahaumfmod, mbjcfth f `f pbcrhzf.Hdtrh `bs òdhfjohdtbs pfrf jfdthd

aodjomf `f hmbdbjf p`fdth `f dhmhsoaah fpurfr bcrfs movo`hs y vof`hs. fjcoahl fèudbs odaomfabrhs quh fpudtfd f rvhrtor `fs shmuh`fs ah` jf` fb fermb`f.

Nbtb


7/80



M B _ X D Q X S F

^bùjhd, hd dovh`hs ah gfmh 8 fbs9 prhmobs, jhlbrhs quh fdths

Hd h` odnbrjh fmuju`fab ah hxpbrtf-mobdhs ah mfrdh y jhduahdmof cbvodff` stdf` ah jfyb, `bs aftbs bstmof`hs sh-

f`fd quh sh hxpbrtfrbd >8.7>; tbdh`fafs

ah hstbs prbaumtbs ah broehd fdojf` pbr udvf`br ah =63,1 jo` `bdhs ah a`frhs, monrfsquh sh ucomfd pbr ahcflb ah `b fmbdthmoabf oadtomb phrbab ah` 3;66, mufdab h` fmu-ju`fab nuh ah 5? jo` tbdh`fafs mbd ud vf-`br NBC ah =7? jo``bdhs ah a`frhs.

Hstf mfaf sh ahch prodmopf`jhdth pbr`f ahsfmh`hrfmod ah `fs hxpbrtfmobdhs, mbd-shmuhdmof ah `bs mohrrhs ah jhrmfab pbr `frhfpfromod ah fntbsf hd h` pfs. ]o sh gfmhudf jorfaf js hxthdaoaf, sh tohdh quh `bsvb`jhdhs hjcfrmfabs sh sotfd sb`b pbrfrrocf ah` 3;;5, sohdab dheftovb mbd rhs-

phmtb f `fs soeuohdths thjpbrfafs.[hrb hd trjodbs ah vf`br, `bs djhrbsjuhstrfd ud erstmb quh ucomf `bs oderhsbshd thrmhr ùefr hd h` fmuju`fab ah hdhrb fjfyb ah `bs `tojbs 5 fbs. Hstb ahjuhs-trf quh `bs prhmobs hd prbjhaob jhlbrfrbd

mbd rhsphmtb f hlhrmomobs pfsfabs, f hxmhp-mod ah` 3;6; y 3;66.

]o sh tbjf h` udovhrsb ah `fs hxpbrtf-mobdhs ah tbabs `bs prbaumtbs y sucprbaum-

tbs ah broehd fdojf` pbr fb, h` phrobabhdhrbjfyb 3;63 sh ucomf mbjb sheudabjhlbr phrobab, ahtrs ah` 3;66. H` odnbrjh,prbvhab pbr h` ]hrvomob Dfmobdf` ah Mfò-afa y ]fùa Fdojf` (]hdfmsf), rhvh`f quhhd hstbs projhrbs modmb jhshs ah` fb sh

hxpbrtfrbd ?8.==; tbdh`fafs ah prbaumy sucprbaumtbs ah broehd fdojf`.

Mbjb aftb db jhdbr sh ahstfmf `f rhftovfmod ah `bs hdvbs ah mfrdh pbrmodf, q

``hvfd fmuju`fabs 6=? tbdh fafs pbr ud v`br ah 18; jo` a`frhs, puhstb quh f oadtphrbab ah` 3;66 db sh rheostr hjcfrqfèudb pfrf hsth topb ah prbthdf fdojf`. mbdtrfpfrtoaf dheftovf mbdstotuyh `f mfrfvofr, quh jfdtohdh ud du`b jbvojohdtb

ESNOMB.Hxpbrtfmod ah mfrdh y jhduahdmof cbvodf pbr fb ahsah h` 6 ah hdhrb f` =6 ah jfyb.

3;;> 3;;5 3;;7 3;;? 3;6; 3;66 3;63;,;;

8;.;;;.;;;,;;6;;.;;;.;;;,;;

3;;.;;;.;;;,;;

=;;.;;;.;;;,;;

1;;.;;;.;;;,;;=8;.;;;.;;;,;;

38;.;;;.;;;,;;

68;.;;;.;;;,;;

^bùjhd

^f`br NBC

53.?=6.>88,8> 87.?=1.315,6= 7;.733.7;;,5> 58.7?;.>61,>? 7;.558.7>5,55 5?.>65.7?;,;3 >8.7>;.?7>,1

6>6.56>.>>3,61 616.186.588,?6 3>5.875.6=3,6? 365.5==.316,17 =66.1;6.>=1,5> =7?.16=.5?;,?3 =63.1>;.531,3

Nuhdth


9/80


10/806; [HMXFSOF & DHEBMOB] LXDOB 3;63

H J [ S H ] F ] & [ S B A X M Q B ]

A

hsah gfmh jumgbs fbs sh vohdh trf-cflfdab f mfjpb, mbab f mbab mbd`hmghrbs, hdmfrefabs y auhbs hd `bquh rhsphmtf f Mfòafa ah `f @hmgh,phrb fd db sh gf tbjfab udf rhf`

mbdmohdmof ah f ojpbrtfdmof ah f thrfpof ahshmfab. Fmtuf`jhdth hs juy pbmb utoòzfabhsth jfdhlb sfdotfrob, quh dbs puhah fyuafrf mbdtrb`fr prbc`hjfs ah jfstotos. Hd pb-mfs ah mrosos hmbdjomfs hs mufdab js hvo-ahdth sh gfmh hstf nf`tf ah mbdmohdmof, yf quhudf ah fs projhrfs jhaoafs ojp`hjhdtfafspbr pfrth ah` prbaumtbr hs ahlfr ah utoòzfr h`trftfjohdtb pfrf vfmf shmf b cflfr `bs mbstbsfaquorohdab prbaumtbs ah cflb prhmobs y ahhstmfmof db mbjprbcfaf.

VX H] @F QHSF[OF AH ]HMFAB2

Mbdsosth hd f fpòmfmod ah ud pbjb hdmfaf phzd (Fdtocotomb odtrfjfjfrobhsphmof` pfrf `f pbmf shmf) pfrf h` mbdtrbàh fs jfstotos sucm`domfs hxosthdths b pfrfhvotfr mfsbs ah jfstotos quh puhafd sumhahrhd hsh phrobab.

Hs nudafjhdtf` tbjfr mbdmohdmof quhh` hstfab ah f vfmf shmf db soedostmf h` stdfàh `f `fmtfdmof, sodb h` mbjohdzb ah `f so-euohdth. ]o `fs vfmfs pfrhd `b js sfdfs pb-soc`hs, thdhjbs jhdbs bcstmu`bs pfrf quhh` fdojf` ahsfrrb``h su jxojf prbaummodah `hmgh, quh hs h` bclhtovb ah udf mbrrhmtf

thrfpof ah shmfab.H` phrbab ah vfmf shmf hs ud jbjhd-tb ah ahsmfdsb prbaumtovb, quh tohdh mbjbbclhtovb `f rhehdhrfmod y rhmuphrfmod ah`thloab shmrhtbr e`fdau`fr, pbr `b tfdtb, ahchshr oahdtostmfab mbjb ud pudtb mrtomb ahmbdtrb` ah pftehdbs hd e`dau`f jfjfrof,puhs `berfdab `f hòjodfmod b prhvhdmodah duhvfs odnhmmobdhs odtrfjfjfrofs shpuhah `berfr udf mbjp`htf rhehdhrfmod y

XDF MBSSHMQF QHSF[OF AH ]HMFAB

Xsb ah pbjbs odtrfjfjfrobsrhmuphrfmod ah` thloab shmrhtbr. @f jfsto-tos sucm`domf hs js afodf quh `f nbrjfm`domf pbrquh jumgfs vhmhs db sh mbdstftfdodeudf f`thrfmod m`domf hd `f e`dau`fjfjfrof y hs pbsoc`h pbr mfaf mfsb ah jfs-totos m`domb puhahd hxostor vfrofs jfstotossucm`domfs hd btrbs fdojf`hs.

[br qu hs tfd ojpbrtfdth fprbvhmgfrhsth phrbab ah ahsmfdsb (vfmf shmf) pfrf h`trftfjohdtb b prhvhdmod ah jfstotos2 [brquhhs h` domb phrbab hd `f voaf prbaumtovf ah

`bs fdojf`hs hd h` muf` pbahjbs `berfr f`tfsmbdmhdtrfmobdhs ah fdtocotomb pbr tohjpbprb`bdefab (38-=; afs) `b quh dbs phrjothmbdtrb`fr odnhmmobdhs m`domfs y sucm`domfs.

^HDQFLF] AH @F QHSF[OF AH ]HMFAB Hxosth udf jfybr tfsf ah murfmod ah

mufrtbs odnhmtfabs, mbjpfrfaf mbd `fthrfpof hd `fmtfdmof.

H` thloab affab puhah rhehdhrfrsh fd-ths ah `f pfromod.

Mbjb h` fdtocotomb db hs hòjodfab pbr

Hs prbaumtbr ah hmgh b tmdomb hd`hmghrfs2 @hf hsth frtmu`b pbrquh hpuhah fyuafr f hdthdahr mjb mbd-trb`fr fèudbs prbc`hjfs ah jfstotos.

h` brahh sh berfd mbdmhdtrfmobdhs f`y phrsosthdths, `fs muf`hs sbd dhmhsfrpfrf ud jhlbr mbdtrb` ah fèudfs cfmrofs pbr hlhjp`b ]tfpgo`bmbmmus furhus.

Aosjodumod ah duhvfs odnhmmobdhs trfjfjfrofs aurfdth h` phrbab ah vfshmf, pbrquh udb ah `bs phrbabs ah frohseb ah mbdtrfhr duhvfs odnhmmobdhs s`bs projhrbs quodmh afs uheb ah` shmfa

Jfs prbaummod ah `hmgh.

6. ]h`hmmobdh prbaumtbs ah hxmh`hdthmfòafa, sh`hmmobdh Dbvfdth` ]hmf-ab, prbaumtb Jhrof`.

3. Brahh tbtf`jhdth mfaf mufrtb, quhdb sh quhah rhsoaub ah `hmgh.

=. Gfmhr ud sh``fab ah bs phzbdhs, òj-poh y ahsodnhmth muoafabsfjhdth `fpudtf ah `bs phzbdhs, pbdohdab pfr-tomu`fr muoafab f` brostmob ah` phzd.

1. Xtoòmh udf tbf`òtf (mbd ahsodnhm-

tfdth) hsphmof` pfrf hsth jfdhlb,utoòzfr udf tbf`òtf odaovoauf` pfrfmfaf phzd.Mfaf pbjb ah Dbvfdth` ]hmfabtrfh udf tbf`òtf pfrf `f ahsodnhmmodah mfaf phzd.

8. Fpòmfr ud pbjb ah Dbvfdth` ]h-mfab pbr mfaf phzd y gfmhr jfsflhpfrf quh h` prbaumtb sh hxpfdaf pbr

MJB AHCH ]HS H@ [SBMHAOJOHDQB AH MB@BMFMOD AH @B] [BJB] AH ]HMFAB2

tbaf `f ucrh. (Jfsflh af fcflb pfrffrrocf ah` phzd).

>.Ahspus ah `f fpòmfmod ah Dbvfdth`gfmhr ud duhvb sh``fab ah `bs phzbdhs.

[br


11/80



D B Q F Q M D O M F

@f prbaummod `hmghrf hs udf fmto-voafa cob-hmbdjomf, cfsfaf hdprbmhsbs cobèombs quh puhahd shrjbaostmfabs hd pfrth jhaofdth `fcob-thmdb`bef, mbd f`tb ojpfmtb

hd `f prbaumtovoafa y hd `f rhdtfcoòafa ah`bs tfjcbs. Hlhjp`bs ah `f fpòmfmod ah `fcob-thmdb`bef sbd h` usb ah `f sbjftbtrb-

podf cbvodf pfrf fujhdtfr `f prbaummod

Ojpfmtb hmbdjomb ah`

usb ah shjhd shxfabah `hmgh ahspus ah` pomb ah prbaummod,`berfdab ah hsf jfdhrf fujhdtfr `f phr-sosthdmof ah `f prbaummod `hmghrf9 `f odaum-mod gbrjbdf` f `f `fmtfdmof, quh mbdsosthhd `berfr, jhaofdth ud mbmth` gbrjbdf`,quh vfmfs quh db hstd ehstfdab do hd`fmtfdmof (fdojf`hs tbtf`jhdth ojprbaum-tovbs, rhsu`tfab ah nf``fs rhprbaumtovfs)odomohd `fmtfdmofs mbjb so gucohrfd pfroab,fudquh db sh f`mfdmhd `bs dovh`hs prbaumto-

vbs ah `fmtfdmofs prhmhaoafs pbr pfrtbs. H`shjhd shxfab hs btrb hlhjp`b ah thmdb`b-ef fpòmfaf f `f prbaummod `hmghrf, muyfaonusod hst hd nrfdmb fujhdtb, ahcoab fsòabs nudafjhdtbs prbaumtovbs y hmbd-jombs, quh fcbrafrhjbs hd hsth frtmu`b.Hd hnhmtb, sfchjbs quh hd udf sotufmoddbrjf` h` 8;% ah `bs pfrtbs prbaumordghjcrfs y h` btrb 8;% jfmgbs, ahcoab f `fsherhefmod dbrjf` ah `bs mrbjbsbjfs W h_ hd `bs hsphrjftbzboahs, quh sbd `bs quhahthrjodfd h` shxb ah `fs mrfs. Hd hnhmtb,mfaf hsphrjftbzboah puhah mbdthdhr ud

mrbjbsbjf W b udb _, johdtrfs quh h`vu`b sohjprh pbrtfr ud mrbjbsbjf W.[frf quh sh prbauzmf udf ghjcrf (WW) udhsphrjftbzboah W ahchr nhmudafr h` vu-`b9 pbr h` mbdtrfrob, so nuhrf ud hsphrjftb-zboah _ h` quh nhrtoòmh h` vu`b, sh thdarud jfmgb (W_) (Noeurf 6).

H` shjhd shxfab, hdtbdmhs, db hs btrfmbsf quh jfthrof` shjodf` quh mbdtohdhsb`fjhdth hsphrjftbzboahs mbd mrbjbsb-jfs W. Cuhdb, hd rhfòafa h` prbmhsb ahprbaummod ah shjhd shxfab db hs phrnhm-tb, pbr `b quh quhafd fprbxojfafjhdth

6;% ah hsphrjftbzboahs mbd mrbjbsbjfs_. Hs ahmor quh fd usfdab shjhd shxfabhxmùsovfjhdth, hxosth udf prbcfcoòafaah` 6;% fprbxojfafjhdth ah quh `fs mrfsshfd jfmgbs.

H` shxfab ah` shjhd sh rhfòzf pbr jhaobah ud prbmhaojohdtb ``fjfab motbjhtrf,quh nuh ahsfrrb``fab pbr h` Ar. @fwrhdmhLbgdsbd y pfthdtfab pbr h` X]AF hd 6??3.H` jtbab fprbvhmgf h` ghmgb ah quh hd

[br


13/80

cro``b ah` mb`brfdth ffiubrhsmhdth ahcoab f `f fmmod ah` `shr9 fs, `bshsphrjftbzboahs W cro` `frd js quh bs _, ahcoab f su jfybr mbd-thdoab hd FAD. Xdf mbjputfabrf m`fsostmf f `bs hsphrjftbzboahshd trhs erupbs< `bs quh ``hvfd mrbjbsbjfs W, `bs quh ``hvfd mrb-jbsbjfs _ y udf pbc`fmod joxtf ah pbrtfabrhs ah W y ah _ (quhdb puaohrbd shr m`fsostmfabs mbd fcsbùtf m`froafa). Fquh` stdb ffiulbah hsphrjftbzboahs sh nrfmmobdf hdtbdmhs hd phquhsojfs ebtotfsmbdthdohdab ud hsphrjftbzboah mfaf udf ah h``fs, pfsfdab pbr udaospbsotovb quh hs fsoedf udf mfref h`mtromf pbsotovf b dheftovf, ahfmuhrab mbd `f m`fsostmfmod rhfòzfaf prhvofjhdth pbr `f mbjputf-abrf. Nodf`jhdth sh `hs gfmh pfsfr pbr ud mfjpb jfedtomb abdahsbd ftrfafs pbr pb`bs ah mfrefs bpuhstfs, sherhedabsh ah hstf jf-

dhrf `bs hsphrjftbzboahs W, quh nbrjfrd pfrth ah` shjhd shxf-ab. Hsth prbmhsb hs oùstrfab hd `f Noeurf 3. Ahcoab f` trhjhdabhstrs sunroab pbr `bs hsphrjftbzboahs aurfdth h` prbmhsb, `f nhrto-òafa ah` shjhd shxfab hs jhdbr quh `f ah` shjhd mbdvhdmobdf`.

OJ[FMQB HMBDJOMB AH@ ]HJHD ]HWFABHd frtmu`bs fdthrobrhs gfcfjbs rhsf`tfab `f ojpbrtfdmof ah`f hstmohdmof rhprbaumtovf hd prbaummod `hmghrf9 ah ghmgb, `f

rhdtfcoòafa ah` tfjcb hst jfrmfaf pbr `f hstmohdmof rhprbaumtovff`mfdzfaf. Hstb hs fs pbrquh `f vfmf hs udf jquodf cobèomfquh projhrb ahch prhfrsh y pfror pfrf ahspus prbaumor `hmgh.Hstb db hs ud ghmgb ahsnfvbrfc`h pfrf h` prbaumtbr, tbab `b mbd-trfrob, yf quh hsth brahd dfturf` fsheurf `f mbdtoduoafa ah `f prb-

aummod, yf quh `f vfmf sh phrphtf hd h` tohjpb< hd hnhmtb, hs udfjquodf quh mufdtb js usb tohdh (js `fmtfdmofs) fujhdtf suprbaummod ah `hmgh y sh rhprbaumh, fsheurfdab ud ffiulb mbdtodubah prbaummod. ]o sh usf shjhd mbdvhdmobdf`, hd odshjodfmod fr-tostmof`, b jbdtf dfturf`, fprbxojfafjhdth `f jotfa ah `bs pfrtbsafrd ghjcrfs y `f btrf jotfa, jfmgbs. Mbd h` usb ah` shjhdshxfab, fprbxojfafjhdth h` ?;% ah `bs thrdhrbs dfmoabs shrdghjcrfs. ]o sh mbdsoahrf udf voaf to` prbjhaob ah muftrb `fm-tfdmofs, prhmhaoafs odahnhmtoc`hjhdth pbr muftrb pfrtbs, sh tohdhquh `f vfmf prbaumor pbr `b jhdbs abs vfquo``fs hd h` mfsb ah` sh-



D B Q F Q M D O M F

jhd mbdvhdmobdf`, y muftrb vfquo``fs hd h`mfsb ah` shjhd shxfab. [bahjbs usfr hstbsaftbs pfrf hstojfr `bs oderhsbs pbr vhdtf

ah vfquo``fs ah rhpbsomod pfrf h` shjhdmbdvhdmobdf` y h` shxfab, shed h` hsquhjfprhshdtfab hd `fs fc`fs 6 y 3.

]hed `f fc`f 6, mbd ud OH[ ah 61 jh-shs, sh thdar udf tfsf ah dfmojohdtbs ah`7>%. Ah hsbs dfmojohdtbs, dbrjf`jhdth`f jotfa shrd ghjcrfs. Fs thdhjbs quhf` fb hstfrd dfmohdab 1=% ah ghjcrfs, bhxprhsfab ah btrf nbrjf, pbr mfaf 6;; vfmfshd h` gftb, thdarhjbs 1= ghjcrfs dfmoafs.Fsujohdab udf jbrtfòafa ah `fs thrdh-rfs ah` 3%, quhafrfd aospbdoc`hs f` fbfprbxojfafjhdth ;,13 ghjcrfs pbr vfmf b

13 vfquo``fs pbr mfaf 6;; vfmfs. Mbd udfrhpbsomod ah` 38%, hs dhmhsfrob ahlfr 38

QFC@F 6.]HJHD MBD^[email protected] ah `f prbaummod ah vfquo``fspfrf rhpbsomod y vhdtf, pbr vfmf fau`tf, shed bs pfrjhtrbs afabs.

QFC@F 3. ]HJHD ]HWFAB.Hstojfmod ah `f prbaummod ah vfquo``fs pfrfrhpbsomod y vhdtf, pbr vfmf fau`tf, shed bs pfrjhtrbs afabs.

ôaf to` 1 `fmt fdmofs

% Shpbsomod Fduf` 38% (6;;%/1)

OH[ (Odthrvf`b hdtrh pfrtbs) 61 Jhshs

% pfromod fduf` 7>%

% ghjcrfs dfmoafs f` fb 8;% ]hjhd mbdvhdmobdf b jbdtf dfturf

Dfmojohdtbs ah ghjcrfs pbr fb ;,1= 7>% * 8;%

% jbrtfdafa ghjcrfs 3% Jbrtfdafa dbrjf` aurfdth f rhmrf

Ghjcrfs juhrtfs ;,;6 b 6 fquo f pbr mfaf 6;; vfmfs

Ghjcrfs aospbdoc`hs f` fb pfrfrhpbsomod y vhdtf

;,13 b 13 fquo` fs pbr mfaf 6;; vfmfs

^fquo``fs dhmhsfrofs pfrf rhpbsomod(fsujh gftb hstfc`h)


^fquo``fs hxmhahdths pfrf vhdtf ;,65 b 65 ^fquo `fs pbr mfaf 6;; vfmfs

ôaf to` 1 `fmt fdmofs

% Shpbsomod Fduf` 38% (6;;%/1)

OH[ (Odthrvf`b hdtrh pfrtbs) 61 Jhshs

% pfromod fduf` 7>%

% ghjcrfs dfmoafs f` fb ?;% ]hjhd shxfab

Dfmojohdtbs ah ghjcrfs pbr fb ;,55 7>% * ?;%

% jbrtfdafa ghjcrfs 3% Jbrtfdafa dbrjf` aurfdth f rhmrf

Ghjcrfs juhrtfs ;,;3 b 3 fquo` fs pbr mfaf 6;; vfmfs

Ghjcrfs aospbdoc`hs f` fb pfrfrhpbsomod y vhdtf

;,58 b 58 ^fquo `fs pbr mfaf 6;; vfmfs

^fquo``fs dhmhsfrofs pfrf rhpbsomod(fsujh gftb hstfc`h)


^fquo``fs hxmhahdths pfrf vhdtf ;,8; b 8; fquo` fs pbr mfaf 6;; vfmfs

vfquo``fs pbr mfaf 6;; vfmfs f rhhjp`fzfrhvhdtuf`jhdth, pbr `b quh quhafrfd aospb-doc`hs pfrf f vhdtf 65 vfquo``fs. ]o sh fsujh

ud gftb hstfc`h, sod mrhmojohdtb, sh puhahhstojfr hsth dovh` ah vfquo``fs aospbdoc`hspfrf `f vhdtf, fb trfs fb, pfrf stdhs prhsu-puhstfrobs. @f fc`f 3 juhstrf `bs odaomfab-rhs tmdombs pfrf h` mfsb ah` shjhd shxfab.

Mbd h` usb ah` shjhd shxfab, sh tohdhd== vfquo``fs faomobdf`hs pfrf vhdtf pbr fb(ahspus ah mucror `fs vfquo``fs dhmhsfrofspfrf rhpbsomod ah` gftb). Mbd hsbs aftbs shpuhah rhfòzfr ud fdòsos mbstb-chdhstmob ahùsb ah` shjhd shxfab (fc`f =).

H` fdòsos mbstb-chdhstmob rhvh`f `f h`h-vfaf rhdtfcoòafa ah `f odvhrsod hd shjhd

shxfab, hxprhsfaf hd `f rfzd chdhstmob-mbstb (5), quh odaomf quh pbr mfaf eufrfd

QFC@F =.Fdòsos mbstb/chdhnomobah` usb ah shjhd shxfab.

QFC@F 1.[frjhtrbs tmdomb-hmbdjombspfrf `f mbjpfrfmod.

Chdhnomob

^fquo` fs faomobdf`hs pfrf vhdtf ==

[rhmob udotfrob ah vhdtf 8.;;;.;;; (+)

Chdhnomob crutb faomobdf` 6>8.;;;.;;;

Mbstb

Mbstb faomobdf` pbr pfluh`f 3;5.;;; (*)

Absos faomobdf`hs pfrf berfr udf prhhz 6,= (*)

Mbstb faomobdf` pbr prhhz 3>?.6;;

[rhhmhs (pbr mfaf 6;; vfmfs) 7>

Mbstb faomobdf` ah` shjhd 3=.613.>;;

Chdhnomob dhtb 616.785.1;;

Sfzd Chdhnomob/Mbstb 5

]hjhdmbdvhdmobdf`

]hjhdshxfab

Absos pbr prhhz 3,3 =,8

Mbstb udotfrob pfluh`fs (Es) >?.;;; 35>.;;;

(*)^hr Qfc`f 1 (+)Fsujh vhdtf f bs 63 jhsh

odvhrtoab hd hstf thmdb`bef, sh bctohdh rhtbrdb ah 5 eufrfdhs. Hsth fdòsos hxmù`bs ahjs mbstbs vfrofc`hs odvbùmrfabs

`f mrofdzf y vhdtf ah `fs == vfquo``fs faomdf`hs aospbdoc`hs pfrf vhdtf mfaf fb (pmfaf 6;; vohdtrhs) fprbxojfafjhdth f` fah hafa9 hd rhfòafa puhahd vhdahrsh f muquohr hafa, mbd `fs mbrrhspbdaohdths vfrmobdhs ah prhmobs ah vhdtf. ]o sh `berf uhstmohdmof rhprbaumtovf rfzbdfc`h y `f mrfrhmrf hstmohdth ah fs vfquo``fs faomobdf`hsusb ah` shjhd shxfab hs udf thmdb`bef tfjhdth rhdtfc`h pfrf h` prbaumtbr `hmghrb


15/80


16/806> [HMXFSOF & DHEBMOB]LXDOB 3;63

H ^ H D Q B ]

@f prodmopf` juhstrf ah `f fmtovoahmbdjomf, `f Hxpb 3;63, ``hef uvhz js ah `f jfdb ah `f Fsbmmod Surf` ah` [frfeufy (FS[) yXdod Odaustrof` [frfeufyf (XO[

mbd forhs rhdbvfabs hd vfrobs nrhdths hjp

zfrbd fs tfrhfs js pudtuf`hs hd h` `tojtrfjb prhvob f` frrfdquh ah `f nhrof.Hd jbjhdtbs hd quh h` prhaob nhrof`

hst fahmufdab pfrf rhmocor f `bs jo`hs vosotfdths, `f hxphmtftovf pbr mbdbmhr duhvbs ftrfmtovbs mrhmh, fs mbjb fèudmfjcobs ah `tojb jbjhdtb, mbd rhfsoedmobdhs ah ùefrhs, pfrf vhr mjb f`chref`bs js ah 6.3;; hxpbsotbrhs.

@f mbdmurrhdmof hd h` 3;66 nuh ah 5jo` phrsbdfs. [frf hsth fb sh feufrmbjb jdojb jfdthdhr hsf fffiuhdmof. hdtrfaf jfdthdar su mbstb hd 68.;;; eu

rfdhs, mbd h` fmmhsb erftuotb ah jhdbah 63 fbs, fs mbjb `bs af gfcoòtfapfrf h` oderhsb ah erupbs ah hstuaofdths

EFDFAHSFHd jfthrof efdfahrf hst frjfaf mbùjdf vhrthcrf` sbcrh `f quh eorfr

tbafs `fs ahjs fmtovoafahs. Ah ghmgb gfc`f ah udf jfybr mfdtoafa ah fdojfodsmroptbs, hd tbrdb f` 8%, hd ehdhrf`, y a6;% pfrf h` mfsb ah `bs cbvodbs.

F` rhsphmtb, aurfdth udf mbdnhrhdmof prhdsf rhfòzfaf h` 67 ah ludob, `f Mbj

sod Mhdtrf` ah Hxpbsomobdhs (MMH) aht`` f` rhsphmtb.[frf hsth fb sh odsmrocohrbd 3.;=; fd

jf`hs, nrhdth f 6.?3? ah `f haomod fdthroHd cbvodbs sh fdbtfrbd 6.=>=, nrhdth6.313 ah` 3;66. Hd mufdtb f `f aostrocmod pbr rfzfs, hd Cbvodbs pfrtomopfd 6mbd h` òahrfzeb hd mfdtoafa ah Crfde

@`hef f Hxpb 3;63 mbd

jfybr pfrtomopfmodAh` 5 f` 33 ah luòb shr f motf ah` hvhdtb jfybrah f fmtovoafa hmbdjomf dfmobdf` puhstf hd vo-arohrf. Hd su trfaomobdf` prhaob, hd Jfrofdb Sb-quh F`bdsb, sh ahsfrrb``fr f WWWO HxpbsomodOdthrdfmobdf` ah Efdfahrf, Odaustrof, Feromu`-turf, Mbjhrmob y ]hrvomobs y `f @WÔO Hxpbso-mod Dfmobdf` ah Efdfahrf, mbd hxphmtftovfspbr bnrhmhr `b jhlbr trfs `f praoaf ah` hstftusvhthrodfrob pbr `f rhfpfromod ah `f fntbsf.


17/80

quh ``he f rheostrfr 1;7 vfmudbs (65% jsquh hd `f fdthrobr juhstrf). Hdtrh `bs jsodsmroptbs hd cbvodbs hstd Crfgjfd (3?3fdbtfabs), Crfnbra (381) y Dh`brh (67;, hd-trh fstfabs y jbmgbs). fjcod sh prhshdtfefdfab `hmghrb mbd Gb`fdab y Lhrshy, pbr

motfr fèudbs.Hd Hquodbs, sh fdudmofrbd 3=> hlhj-p`frhs ah 8 rfzfs, udf aosjodumod, so shtohdh hd muhdtf quh h` fb pfsfab sh prh-shdtfrbd 38> fdojf`hs. @fs rfzfs jsdujhrbsfs sbd Mufrtb ah Jo``f (63?) yMrob``bs (76). Hd `fs hsphmohs jhdbrhs, hdmfprodbs sh odsmrocohrbd => mfchzfs y 631bvodbs. Fahjs bs fdojf`hs pfrf mbdmursbodmùyhrbd f 653 bvodbs y 6;; mbdhlbs.

[H]H F@ EB@[HGfstf f haomod pfsfaf h` hsmhdfrob pfrf-

eufyb hrf aonhrhdth, mbd ud hstftus ah pfsòcrh ah fntbsf mbd vfmudfmod. ]od hjcfreb,mbd `bs mfsbs ah `f hdnhrjhafa mbdstrjfabsbstmof`jhdth, projhrb hd shtohjcrh 3;66 y,ùheb, hd hdhrb 3;63, `f sotufmod vfro.

F phsfr ah` eb`ph ah `f praoaf ah `fmhrtostmfmod sfdotfrof, h odmùsb mbd udmufarb quh sh ferfv pfrf `f prbaummodmbd `f shquf hd `f mfjpff ah `bs prodmo-pf`hs mu`tovbs ah vhrfdb, `bs prbaumtbrhs dbcflfrbd `f eufraof hd sus trfcflbs, odaomLbreh B. @fjfr, prhsoahdth ah `f MMH.

H` hjprhsfrob efdfahrb tfjcod jhd-

mobd `f ojpbrtfdmof quh `bs prbaumtbrhsahjbstrfrbd mbd su hdmbjofc`h fmtotua,udf nuhrth fpuhstf f` jhlbrfjohdtb ah `fphmufrof dfmobdf`, hxpbdohdab sus fdojf-`hs ah hòth mbd jfybr mfdtoafa quh fbsfdthrobrhs, rhstro.

Hdtrh tfdtb, `f brefdozfmod prhv absnhrofs js quh h` fb pfsfab y `f hxphmtfto-vf ah `bs prhmobs fpudtfd f quh shfd cuhdbsy hquoòcrfabs, shed sh supb. Xdf fmtovo-

afa db jhdbr hs h` shjodfrob quh sh ah-sfrrb``fr pfrf duhvbs mbjosfrobs. Hd hshshdtoab, h` mbjosfrob ehdhrf`, Sfjorb Efr-mf, odaom quh hsth fb sh rhfòzfr `f mfpf-motfmod quh mu`jodfr mbd udf hvfùfmodpfrf `f sh`hmmod ah `bs js sbcrhsfòhdths,phdsfdab pfrf `fs mbjphthdmofs efdfahrfs.

Hd mufdtb f `f Mbjosod ah Fajosovhz js prhsoaoaf pbr Abjodeb Shghstf fmtovfr mbd 88 phrsbdfs pfrf `fprhvofs f` oderhsb. H` prhsoahdth ah Èhrjd Suz, tfjcod fdudmo qtoafahs stdfdmohrfs bnrhmhrd odthrprbjbmobdhs aurfdth `f juhstrf.

MF@HDAFSOB [HMXFSOB[frf h` luhvhs 8 sh gfcoòtfd `bs pbr-tbdhs pfrf h` oderhsb ah `bs rhprb-

aumtbrhs pfrf hxpbsomod y mbjphthd-mof. H` scfab 5 sh odomofd `fs tfrhfs ahfajosod, gfstf h` ùdhs ?. Hsf dbmgh

ah` ùdhs sh rhfòzfr `f nhrof ah mfjpbah bvodbs y mfprodbs, ahsah `fs 3;


19/80


20/803; [HMXFSOF & DHEBMOB]LXDOB 3;63

@ F D F M O B D F @

@F DFMOBDF@ AH BQBB

Mbdmhptb quhsh nbrtf`hmh@f Hxpbsomod Dfmobdf` ah Btbb mbdm`uy su vhrsod 3;63 mbd udfjfybr pfrtomopfmod, pbr `f prhshdmof ah js mrofabrhs. Mbd cuhdbs

rhsu`tfabs hd sus nhrofs efdfahrfs y, phsh f odmbdvhdohdths mbjb fsodudafmobdhs hd h` Mgfmb, hsth hvhdtb ahjbstr quh hs ud mbdmhptbquh sh nbrtf`hmh y fpudtf f mbdtodufr hd `f shdaf ah `bs xotbs.


21/80

[br sheudab fb mbdshmutovb, `fHxpbsomod Dfmobdf` ah Btbbsh ahsfrrb`` hd h` prhaob nhrof ah`f Fsbmofmod Surf` ah` [frfeufy(FS[), hd Jfrofdb Sbquh F`bd-

sb. ]umhsbrf ah fquh``fs projhrfs haomobdhshd `f sheudaf jotfa ah `f amfaf pfsfaf,mufdab h` rhmodtb ah `f strjf H` Sbahb nuh`f shah odomof`, rpoafjhdth prhdao hd h`odthrs ah `bs mrofabrhs, quohdhs supohrbdodthrprhtfr `fs oahfs trfzfafs f` mbjohdzb

y vb`mfr`fs ah ` `hdb f ` ahsfnb ah flustfr `fjuhstrf f `bs duhvbs tohjpbs.

H` aodfjosjb ah ud erupb ah ptbrhs mbdtfeo f btrbs gfstf mbdvhud hvhdtb quh fe`utod f hlhjp`frhrfzfs cbvodfs Crfnbra, Crfgjfd, Cy Dh`brh9 ah `bs bvodbs y ah `bs Mrob``bs y, ahsah hsth fb, Mufrtb a

H` hvhdtb sh ahsfrrb`` ah` 67 fjfyb, mbd udf odsmropmod suphrobmfchzfs. H` jf` t ohjpb, mbd `fs zbdefafs prodmopf`jhdth hd h` Cflb Mhd rhf ah odffiuhdmof ah `f muhdmf

mbjfyb, pusb h` mbdaojhdtb pomfdjuhstrf quh phsh f hsh ahsfnb y `f



@ F D F M O B D F @

mod ah fèudbs, db rhst h` cro``b mbd h`quh stdf`jhdth thrjod mucrohdab tbab h`fmbdthmojohdtb.

Spoafjhdth sh flustfrbd fèudbs p`f-zbs y sh ffihxocoòzfrbd fèudfs aospbsomob-dhs pfrf quh `f sthstf shf mbjp`htf, mbd `f

mbdnbrjfmod ah ud ftrfmtovb mf`hdafrob,hd abdah fahjs ah `f fehdaf phmufrof, shhstfc`hmo udf p`ftfnbrjf pfrf btrfs rhu-dobdhs y hdmuhdtrbs, shfd ah dhebmobs bjs odnbrjf`hs y ah mfjfrfahrf.

Hdtrh `fs fmtovoafahs sh rhfòzfrbd h`mbdmursb ah dbvo``bs ebrab, `fs mbjph-thdmofs ah` Nrhdb ah Brb, `f nhrof hsphmof`@f Dbmgh ah H``fs ah Dh`brh, h` rhjf-th th`hvosfab ah Crfgjfd y `f sthstf nhrof`

hrdhrfzb ah `f Crfdeus, `fs mh`hcrfmobdhsmbdtodufs ah Crfnbra trfs su hxotbsb Mbd-erhsb Judaof`, pbr motfr f èudbs hlhjp`bs.

H` mbjosfrob ehdhrf`, Sfjorb Efrmf,mbdstrj quh pbr `f `ùvof, `f nhrof prhvostfpfrf h` vohrdhs 38, pfs pfrf h` ùdhs 37.

Hstf vfrofmod aob tohjpb pfrf sfmfr jh-lbr rhsu`tfab, quh sh puab bcshrvfr shed`bs djhrbs stdf`hs ah `fs nhrofs< sh vhdaoh-rbd 6.3;3 fdojf`hs, pbr ud vf`br e`bcf` ah=.5?=,= jo``bdhs ah eufrfdhs, udbs 78;jo` a`frhs. Aosmrojodfab h` mufarb shtohdh quh h` rhjfth ah Crfdeus suj >;7hlhjp`frhs mbd udf cb`sf suphrobr f 3.318jo``bdhs ah eufrfdhs. Hsth erupb odmùyfahjs ah rhprbaumtbrhs, ahsjfjfdths y

fdojf`hs f mfjpb. Hd `f lbrdfaf hsphm@f Dbmgh ah H``fs, `bs dh`brostfs tuvohrud cuhd ahshjphb mbd 7;1,1 jo``bdhs eufrfdhs ah rhmfuafmod, pbr `f vhdtf =7; fdojf`hs. Crfgjfd mhrr su lbrdfnhrof` mbd 185,5 jo``bdhs ah eufrfdhs, p

`f sucfstf ah 66; fdojf`hs, quh aob udb `bs jhlbrhs prbjhaobs hd `bs tbtf`hs. Mbjdbvhafa sh aob `f trfsjosod pbr th`hvosoah `f nhrof f Erfd Fsudmod y `fs mb`bdah` Mgfmb Mhdtrf`. H` shmtbr bvodb tfjcod tuvb su cuhd jbjhdtb ah dhebmmbd 37>,3 jo` `bdhs ah eufrfdhs pbr h` jfth ah 6;1 hlhjp`frhs.

@bs ahjs luzefjohdtbs hd `f csquaf ah `bs erfdahs mfjphbdhs sh ahsfrrb`


23/80

Shjfth ah Crfgjfd.

rbd bs afs 33, 3= y 31. Ah jfrths f luhvhs, pfrf fs rfzfs cbvodfsDh`brh, Crfdeus y Crfgjfd, hd hsh brahd. @bs bvodbs hdtrfrbd hdpostf tfjcod h` jormb`hs 3=, hd mbodmoahdmof mbd `bs hlhjp`frhsCrfdeus y h` domb af hd quh h` moh`b sh mucro ah eros pfrf afr udjftoz aonhrhdth f `f juhstrf.

H` rhstb ah `fs lbrdfafs nuh mbd afs ahsphlfabs, phrb quh rh-quoro ah umhs frtostmof`hs pfrf oùjodfr f bs erfdahs mfjphbdhs,

quh hjphzfrbd f sfòr hdtrfdab `f tfrah. @f fehdaf odmùy btrfsfmtovoafahs, hd `fs quh sh puhahd ahstfmfr `fs hquodfs. Hd hsthshdtoab, `f hxphrtf crfso`hf Gh`bsf Crudf Erucots bnrhmo udffjhdf mgfr`f h` jfrths 33 sbcrh jbvojohdtb ah` mfcf``b y lodhthhd `f shah ah Mufrtb ah Jo``f.

fjcod gucb abjf rfmobdf` y brohdtfmobdhs ah Gbrshjfds-gop (jbdtfafs). Btrfs fmtovoafahs nuhrbd ahsfrrb``fafs `bs abs s-cfabs. H` projhrb mbd Mrob``bs y h` sheudab mbd Mufrtb ah Jo``f.

Xd hvhdtb juy mbdmurroab nuh h` ahsfrrb``fab h` vohrdhs 38,mbd `fs mgfr`fs ahdtrb ah` jfrmb ah` mohrrh ah` prbyhmtb Odshrmod@fcbrf` Luvhdo` hd `f fmtovoafa efdfahrf, hd ud shjodfrob bref-dozfab pbr f FS[, f nudafmod ohrrfduhstrf y h` rhspfàb ah fXdod Hurbphf. fjcod gucb udf brohdtfmod hd pfrf`h`b sbcrh

prhpfrfmod ah ghrrfaurfs.Vuozs h` pudtb ffiblb mbjhdtfab aurfdth `f postf nuh `f fushd-mof ah `fs prodmopf`hs futbroafahs ah `f FS[, quozs pbr `f fushd-mof ah` rhmohdthjhdth h`hmtb prhsoahdth, Ehrjd Suoz, quohd voflf [frs pfrf `f fsfjc`hf ah `f Brefdozfmod Judaof` ah ]fdoafaFdojf`, fudquh f` jhdbs hd udf ah `fs lbrdfafs hstuvb h` vomhprh-soahdth sheudab, Mfr`bs [hrhorf, fmbjpffdab `fs prhjofmobdhs.fjcod, aurfdth h` fmtb ah` vohrdhs, hd h` shjodfr ob ah odshrmod`fcbrf` luvhdo`, croda udfs pf`fcrfs ah bmfsod h` vomhprhsoahdthprojhrb, Noah` \fvf`f.

Mbjb pudtbs ahstfmfabs sh puhahd rhothrfr hd hstf haomod f prh-shdmof ah btrf fsbmofmod js, hd hsth mfsb `f ah mrofabrhs ah Mufrtbah Jo``f y h` mrhmojohdtb ah bs bvodbs, hstojfab hd ud 7;% hd mufd-

tb f fdojf`hs odsmroptbs hdtrh purbs ah phaoer y pbr fcsbrmod.Hd sdthsos, ah sheuor hd hstf aorhmmod, `f Hxpbsomod Dfmob-df` ah Btbb mbjb mbdmhptb sh hst nbrtf`hmohdab, puhs rhprhshd-tf udf bpmod ftrfmtovf pfrf `f fmtovoafa y sh odstf`f hd `fs fmtovo-afahs ah` mf`hdafrob fduf` ah hvhdtbs phmufrobs.



@ F D F M O B D F @

Mfjphbdhs ah Btbb

CSFNBSA. Hd `f rfzf Crfnbra nuhlurfab Justfn _fjcfy. Btbre h`projhr puhstb hd ghjcrfs f F@BNO^ S[ A=, mrofaf y hxpuhstf pbr

Mfcff H` `fjb. Hd sheudab ù-efr quha LXD @f Mbdquostf N.S.JH, mrofaf y hxpuhstf pbr LufdDstbr Dhz. Hd jfmgbs, `f h`hm-mod pfrf bmupfr h` pbaob js f`tbrhmfy hd ÔS Eufvor Dhw MbrcyH, mrofab y hxpuhstb pbr orfab mh.H` sheudab ùefr mbrrhspbdao f O]]Fdtfr ==65 NO^, mrofab y hxpuhstbpbr Ossbs Erhhdsthà Odthrdftobdf`.

@f juhstrf ah jfyb hd h` prhaob nhrof` ah f FS[ mbjp`ht sus lbrdfafsah erfdahs mfjphbdftbs. [frtomopfrbd hlhjp frhs cbvodbs, hquodbs y bvo-dbs, mbd ud ahstfmfab trfcflb pbr pfrth ah `bs prbnhsobdf`hs y hxphrtbsquh bstmofrbd ah lurfab, tfdtb dfmobdf`hs mbjb odvotfabs odthrdfmobdf`hs.

Mfjphbdhs ah Btbb

Erfd MfjphdCrfnbra.

Shshrvfab ah ErfdMfjphdCrfnbra.

Erfd MfjphbdfCrfnbra.

Shshrvfaf ah ErfMfjphbdfCrfnb


25/80



@ F D F M O B D F @

CSFGJFD. bjs Fmgf nuh h` hd-mfrefab ah h`heor f `bs jhlbrhsah hstf rfzf. Hd ghjcrfs, `f erfdmfjphbdf nuh [FG @f Hsphrfdzf1?11 H, mrofaf y hxpuhstf pbr [f-rfeufy Feromu`turf` Gbàode ].F.

Hd tfdtb, S@@ f`f =566 H,ah efdfahrf H` Nbed, nuh h`hmtfmbjb rhshrvfaf ah erfd mfjphbdf.Hd jfmgbs, h` erfd mfjphd nuh[JS NO^ S[ 36?7, mrofab y hx-puhstb pbr [uhrtb Jfx. EfdfahrfH` Nbed quha mbd h` rhshrvfab aherfd mfjphd ah `f jfdb ah` hlhj-p`fr S@@ f`f =777NO^.

CSFDEX].@f mbjphthdmof hd mfdto-afa js dujhrbsf sh aob hd Crfd-eus. [frf h`heor f `bs jhlbrhs, nuh

hdmbjhdafaf `f tfrhf f JfuromobErbppb. Hd ghjcrfs efd `f pu`-shfaf EFG S[ 3?>8/1, mrofaf yhxpuhstf pbr F`tb Gbdab. @f so-euo [XI H S[ 76, mrofaf y hx-puhstf pbr Ferbefdfahrf [uifvy.Hd jfmgbs, h` erfd mfjphd nuhÔS Eufvor E`faofabr H, ahôrfab`mh, quh tfjcod sh ``hv h`sheudab puhstb mbd ÔS Eufvor\fmfthmfs.

Erfd MfjphdCrfgjfd.

Erfd MfjphdCrfdeus.

Shshrvfab ah ErfdMfjphdCrfgjfd.

Shshrvfab ah ErfdMfjphdCrfdeus.

Erfd MfjphbdfCrfgjfd.

Erfd MfjphbdfCrfdeus.

Shshrvfaf ah ErfMfjphbdfCrfgj

Shshrvfaf ah ErfMfjphbdfCrfde


27/80



@ F D F M O B D F @

[email protected] `f rfzf Dh`brh, vfrohafafstfaf, quha h`hmtf mbjb erfd mfj-phbdf ÔS [fsb Ot ôsbr H S[6;?6, ah orfab`mh. Shshrvfaf ah erfdmfjphbdf nuh S]A Sfdmgb Sbsf`cfS[ F=;=;, mrofaf pbr ]umhsbrhs ah

Sbehòb ]f`bjd y hxpuhstf pbr Lbs]f`bjd [rhz. Hd jfmgbs, h` erfdmfjphd nuh S]A Sfdmghrb H S[=;?;, mrofab pbr ]umhsbrhs ah Sbehòb]f`bjd y hxpuhstb pbr Lbs ]f`bjd[rhz. H` rhshrvfab ah erfd mfjphdrhmfy hd E[L _sfpy ah` [brvhdor, ahefdfahrf [brvhdor. Nuh lurfab ah mf-òstmfmod Afdoh` Shgdnhàt.

DH@BSH JBMGB. H` lurfab Afdoh`Shgdnhàt mbdmhao `f hsmfrfph`f aherfd mfjphbdf f S]A Sfdmgb Sb-

sf`cf S[ =;6?, mrofaf pbr ]umhsbrhsah Sbehòb ]f`bjd y hxpuhstf pbrLbs ]f`bjd [rhz. @f rhshrvfafah erfd mfjphbdf nuh LMU S[16>6, ah Ebyf. Hd jfmgbs, h` pro-jhr ùefr nuh pfrf S]A SfdmghrbS[ =;11, mrofab pbr ]umhsbrhs ahSbehòb ]f`bjd y hxpuhstb pbrLbs ]f`bjd [rhz. H` rhshrvfabah erfd mfjphd nuh LMU Dfph-euh Jbmgb S[ ==1=, ah Ebyf.

Erfd MfjphdDh`brh.

Erfd MfjphdDh`brh Jbmgb.

Shshrvfab ah ErfdMfjphdDh`brh.

Sab. ah Erfd Mfj-phdDh`brh Jbmgb.

Erfd MfjphbdfDh`brh.

Erfd MfjphbdfDh`brh Jbmgb.

Shshrvfaf ah ErfMfjphbdfDh`brh

Saf. ah Erfd MfjphbdfDh`brh Jb


29/80


30/80=; [HMXFSOF & DHEBMOB] LXDOB 3;63

@ F D F M O B D F @

MSOB@@B.Hstf rfzf tuvb mbjb luh-mhs ah mf`ostmfmod f `bs ghrjfdbsJoeuh` y Somfrab Jfrtombrhdf,quohdhs btbrefrbd h` prhjob ah

erfd mfjphd f` hlhjp`fr Mgfih h`Cbjchrb, S[ 3>8?, hxpuhstb pbrMbcfdhr y Somfrab Jftgb Efrft.Hdtrh `fs ghjcrfs, rhsu`t h`hmtferfd mfjphbdf f yheuf BrtoeuhrhfOO Af Hsmbdaoa, S[ ?56, hxpuhstfpbr Mbcfdhr ].F. @f hsmfrfph`fah rhshrvfab ah erfd mfjphd nuhpfrf h` pfaro` `b Cfsmb [rhshpob, S[687, ah Sbchrtb ]fjfdoheb y `f rh-shrvfaf ah erfd mfjphbdf thrjodhd pbahr ah Joeuh` @phz, erfmofsf Ah` ]ohth Fjfreurf, S[ 31>5.

[FODQ GBS]H. Hd hstf rfzf nuhrbdprhjofabs `bs hlhjp`frhs JJCCbss Mbdhmtha Shdaf, S[ 3, yJJC Gbrthdmof Eud Shdaf, S[3>, mbd `fs aostodmobdhs ah erfd mfj-phd y erfd mfjphbdf rhsphmtovf-jhdth. Fjcbs fdojf`hs, nuhrbd hx-puhstbs pbr Jfrefrotf Cuhy Frohtto.Ihddy Idbu`tbd bstmo ah luhz.

Erfd MfjphdMrob` b.

Shshrvfab ah ErfdMfjphdMrob` b.

Erfd Mfjphd[fodt Gbrsh.

Erfd MfjphbdfMrob` b.

Shshrvfaf ah ErfMfjphbdfMrob` b

Erfd Mfjphbdf[fodt Gbrsh.


31/80


32/80=3 [HMXFSOF & DHEBMOB] LXDOB 3;63

@ F D F M O B D F @

Erfd MfjphdMufrtb ah Jo `f.

Sab. ah Erfd Mfj-phdMufrtb ah Jo `f.

Erfd MfjphbdfMufrtb ah Jo `f.

Saf. ah Erfd MfjphbdfMufrtb ah J

MXFSQB AH JO@@F. Ihddy Idbu`tbdmfòstm `bs hlhjp`frhs Mufrtb ahJo``f quh ahsst`frbd hd `f hxpbsomodah btbb. Btbre h` trbnhb ah erfdmfjphd f` pfaro``b XN[ ]ohrrfs]jfrt Mgom, S[ 16, hxpuhstb hd `fbmfsod pbr Sb`fdab [harf Hsmbcfr9y ah erfd mfjphbdf, f JJC Joss[ftromi Shdaf, S[ ?, ah JfrefrotfCuhy Frohtto. H` prhjob ah rhshrvf-ab ah erfd mfjphd nuh pfrf Gm-

tbr Mfpurrb y Suoz F. Ah`nd pbr h`hlhjp`fr ASF Lhrry Gfrjbdy, S[63?. @f yheuf hxpuhstf pbr Lufd Mfr-`bs B`jhab, @N Joss ]ohrrf Mbdmù-sod, S[ ;3, nuh h`hmtf mbjb rhshrvf-af ah erfd mfjphbdf ah` mhrtfjhd.

X

d ghmgb dbvhabsb ahdtrb ah` ruhabmhdtrf` nuh h` hvhdtb ah mbdnbrjfmod

FVGF (Fjhromfd Vufrthr GbrshFssbmoftobd), quh trfaumoab f` mfsth``fdbshrf f Fsbmofmod Fjhromfdf ah Mfcf``bsMufrtb ah Jo``f (F[MJ). Hd `f bmfsod,h` luhz hstfabudoahdsh Ihddy Idbu`tbd,mbdmhao tfjcod prhjobs f `bs jhlbrhshlhjp`frhs FVGF.

]hed mbjhdt Lbreh @fjfr, prhsoahdthah `f Fsbmofmod [frfeufyf ah Mufrtb ahJo``f, `f mfòstmfmod sh rhfòzf mbd pfrjh-trbs sojo`frhs f `bs utoòzfabs f dovh` `bmf`,phrb hst rhshrvfaf f mfcf` `bs quh tohdhd ab-c`h odsmropmod. Hs ahmor, `bs quh hstd ahd-

trb ah bs rheostrbs ehdhfèombs ah [frfeufymbjb tfjcod hd`bs rheostrbs ah `fFVGF.

[frf phrthdh-mhr f `f FVGF`bs fdojf`hs ahchdmujpòr mohrtfsmbdaomobdhs. Hd-trh hstfs, h` FAD

Hlhjp`frhs mbjpotohrbd pbr bs prhjobs ah f FVGF

ghmgb, tohdhd quh rhspbdahr f `fs mfrfmth-rstomfs stsbdjomfs ah `f rfzf, fahjs ahpfefr udf mubtf quh hxoeh, hxpòm. H` to-tu`fr ah `f F[MJ fah`fdt tfjcod quh

tohdhd prbyhmtbs pfrf sheuor mbd h` ahsf-rrb``b ah odstrummobdhs hd h` jfdhlb pfrf h`jhlbrfjohdtb ah` mfcf``b. Hd hsh shdtoab,tohdhd p`fdhs ah mhrrfr hd h` 3;6= ud mbd-vhdob mbd `f FVGF y `f Xdovhrsoafa ahDuhvb Jxomb ah Hstfabs Xdoabs, quohdhshdvofrfd f` pfs f udbs aohz tmdombs pfrfbnrhmhr hdshfdzfs hd aostodtfs aosmopòdfs.Hsth fshsbrfjohdtb hs pfrf h` mrofabr y suphrsbdf`. Dbsbtrbs `b vfjbs f gfmhr ah nbr-

jf fcohrtf, phrb mbd ud mbstb aonhrhdmofpfrf h` fsbmofab, mbjhdt.

MFJ[HBDH] FVGF

Lufd Mfr`bs B`jhab sh ``hv abs trbnhhd hstf mbjphthdmof, h` ah erfd mfjphy erfd mfjphbdf, pbr bs hlhjp`frhs ]J AChdotb, S[ ?81 y @N Joss ]ohrrf MbdmùsoS[ ;3, rhsphmtovfjhdth. Shsu`t rhshrvfah erfd mfjphd, h` mfcf``b AO]G Eh]C[ >573, ah` [rodmopfab Ferbphmufrob Htfdmof Fjhromfdf9 y h` prhjob ah rhshrvfah erfd mfjphbdf nuh pfrf LB@ Joss Ahmftha, S[ ?;, ah Ferbphmufrof J.S.8 ].F

Erfd MfjphdFVGF.

Erfd MfjphFVGF.

Ihddy Idbu`tbd.


33/80



@ F D F M O B D F @

H` trop`h lurfab ah mfòstmfmod ah hstfhsphmoh hstuvb mbdnbrjfab pbr SfjdSfjrhz, Lfmbcus Crots y Sfojudab

^frefs quh nuh f`thrdfdab shed `fs rfzfs,Hstfs odmùyhrbd tfdtb `fs purfs ah phaoermbjb `fs purfs pbr fcsbrmod. Xdf cuhdfmfdtoafa ah hlhjp`frhs pfsfrbd pbr postfpfrf ahjbstrfr quh `f fmtovoafa jfdtohdhsu aodjomf.

ABS[HS.Hd ghjcrfs, `f efdfabrf nuh MAFH S[ 8, sheuoaf pbr MAF H S[ 6>,fjcfs mrofafs y hxpuhstfs pbr MfcffAbf Fdf. Hd jfmgbs, h` erfd mfjphdnuh ]CB Fnrot ah ]C H S[ 66, mrofaby hxpuhstb pbr Erfdlf ]fd Chrdfrab. H`

rhshrvfab ah erfd mfjphd nuh MA^ HS[ =, mrofab y hxpuhstb pbr mfcff Abdômhdth.

GFJ[]GOSH ABUD.Hd ghjcrfs `f erfd ef-dfabrf nuh M]S Lgfvoyu D\ Dfmgf, S[3?;, mrofaf y hxpuhstf pbr Mfcff ]fdSbquh, quh tfjcod quha mbd `f sheud-af jhlbr mbd M]S Lgfvoyu S[ 3>8. Hdjfmgbs, h` projhr puhstb nuh pfrf S^N

Bvodbs

Iurudau =61?, mrofab y hxpuhstb pbr Sfo-

judab ^frefs Nodhstrf. H` sheudab ùefrnuh pfrf M]S Lgfvoyu, mrofab pbr Gbrfmoby Mfr`bs @`brht y hxpuhstb pbr ]umhsbrhsah` Ode. [ftob Chdthz.

]FDQF OD]. H` erfd mfjphbdftb ah ghj-crfs nuh pfrf CLM [hròtf ah Abd Chmb 3,mrofaf y hxpuhstf pbr Lufdf N`brhs ah ^hrf.@f rhshrvfaf ah erfd mfjphbdf nuh pfrfE]C Muftfo ah ]C, S[ 8=, mrofaf y hx-

puhstf pbr Gueb ]mgfrftg, quohd oeu

jhdth ``hv `bs abs projhrbs ef`frabdhs jfmgbs, mbd E]C Jcfrhth ah ]C, S[ 1=E]C Jcfrhth ah ]C S[ =1, fjcbs cbrrebs ah 3 aohdths.

[email protected] ]mgfrftg fahjs ber f`zfmbd `bs projhrbs ùefrhs hd hxh`, yf shf ghjcrfs mbd E]C ]C Fdfo S[ 83 y mbd E]C Fdfo S[ 819 mbjb hd jfmgbs, mbd E]]C Sfpfo S[ 8= y E]C ]C Sfpfo S[ 87.

Erfd MfjphdGfjpsgorh Abwd.

Erfd MfjphbdfGfjpsgorh Abwd.

Erfd MfjphdAbrphr.

Erfd Mfjphbdf]fdtf Ods.

Erfd Mfjphd]fdtf Ods.

Erfd MfjphdQhxh .

Erfd MfjphbdfAbrphr.


35/80


36/80=> [HMXFSOF & DHEBMOB] LXDOB 3;63

@ F D F M O B D F @

Hdtrh `fs fmtovoafahs quh sh ahsfrrb``f-

rbd f `f pfr ah `f Hxpb Dfmobdf` ahBtbb hstuvb h` mohrrh ah` prbyhmtbah odshrmod `fcbrf` luvhdo`, sheuoab ah udshjodfrob pfdh`, h` af 38 y quh aob ud hs-phmof` mf`br f` sf`d sbmof` ah `f FS[, mbdcuhdf mfdtoafa ah pfrtomopfdths, prodmopf`-jhdth lvhdhs. Hstuvohrbd hstuaofdths ahudovhrsoafahs, hsmuh`fs fermb`fs, fs mbjbprbnhsobdf`hs y rhnhrhdths ah` erhjob efdf-ahrb y ah` jcotb fmfajomb.

Hdtrh `bs ahtf``hs ah` prberfjf ah mf-pfmotfmod pfrf h` trfcflb ah `bs fab`hsmhd-ths hd `f fmtovoafa efdfahrf sh rhmbra quh

mbdt mbd h` fpbyb ah `f Xdod Hurbphf y`f nudafmod ohrrfduhstrf. Hdtrh `fs jh-tfs hstuvb ``hefr f 8;; lvhdhs mbd brohdtf-mobdhs pfrf tmdombs fuxoòfrhs ah hstfdmof,hsphmofòzfmobdhs hd sfdoafa fdojf` pfrfvfmudfabrhs, trfzfcoòafa, cuhdfs prmtomfsy tmdomfs ah prbaummod y fajodostrfmodhdtrh btrbs pudtbs.

@bs chdhstmofrobs vovhd hd h` mfjpb, hd8 ahpfrtfjhdtbs (]fd [harb, Mbdmhpmod,Eufor, Mffzfp y [rhsoahdth Gfyhs), hdrhfs ah odffiuhdmof ah > hsmuh`fs. H` fmtbodmùy `f prhshdtfmod ah `f cb`sf ah trf-

cflb, pbr pfrth ah `f aorhmtbrf hlhmutovf ahohrrfduhstrf, @uosf Fccfth, fs mbjb `frhhaomod ah` òcrb [rmtomfs rhmbjhdaf-afs hd h` jfdhlb ah ud rbahb ah mrf, ahfutbrf ah Msfr [rohtb.

Odshrmod`fcbrf luvhdo`

Hdtrh `bs brfabrhs hstuvb h` prhsoahdthhd hlhrmomob ah `f FS[, Noah` \fvf`f. Hx-prhs su sftosnfmmod pbr `bs `berbs f`mfd-zfabs h odst f jhlbrfr `f fmtovoafa efdf-ahrf pfrf mbdtrocuor mbd h` pfs. @fjhdtquh hd h` mfjpb hxostf udf erfd fushdmofah tmdombs ah jfdabs jhaobs, quh nuh h`jbtovb quh ojpu`s `f rhfòzfmod ah hsth

prbyhmtb.

]HJODFSOB [FDH@@f fmtovoafa nuh gfstf h` jhaobaf y shaovoao hd abs jbjhdtbs, ahspus ah `f

m`fusurf ah` prbyhmtb. Hd udf projhrf htf-pf, h` shjodfrob quh odmùy brohdtfmobdhstf`hs mbjb Ahjfdaf ah fòjhdtbs y phrs-phmtovfs ah hjp`hb rurf` hd h` judab y hd[frfeufy y @oahrfzeb y hjprhdahauros-

]bdof ]fjfdoheb, prhso-ahdtf ah f Fsbmofmod Surf`

ah Lvhdhs ah [frfeufy.

jb rurf` pfrf rhspbdahr f ahsfnbs. @uhah` rhmhsb ah jhaof jffdf, `f sheudnfsh ojpòm ud pfdh`, mbd pfrtomopfmoah rhprhshdtfdths ah aonhrhdths hdtoafaquohdhs hxpusohrbd sbcrh sus fmtovoafajosobdhs y rhffihxobdhs.

Hd hsth shdtoab mbjpfrtohrbd sus hphrohdmofs ]o`vob brrhs, vomh aorhmtbr

`f Aorhmmod ah Haumfmod Ferfrof, aJodosthrob ah Feromu`turf y Efdfahr]bdof ]fjfdoheb, prhsoahdtf ah `f Fsbmmod Surf` ah Lvhdhs ah` [frfeufy9 ^mGueb Fyf`f, prbaumtbr efdfahrb y sbmob `f FS[9 Hustfmob @phz, rhmbdbmoab prnhsobdf` vhthrodfrob y abmhdth ah `f Xdovhsoafa ]fd Mfr`bs y Msfr f`fvhrf, aorhtbr ehdhrf` ah Hxthdsod ah `f XdovhrsoaDfmobdf` ah Fsudmod.

@f jhsf odtherfafpfrf h shjodfrob pfd

Cuhdf prhshdmof ahlvhdhs hd f lbrdfaf


37/80

[rhjofrbd mfrfmthrstomfsah fdojf`hs pfrf nroebrnomb

Ahdtrb ah `f fehdaf ah fmtovoafahs ah `f Hxpbsomod Dfmob-df` ah Btbb 3;63, `f Fsbmofmod [frfeufyf ah Mrofabrhs ahDh`brh (F[MD) ahsfrrb`` ud mbdmursb ah dbvo``bs ebrabs.

[frf h` mhrtfjhd sh prhshdtfrbd ud tbtf` ah 167 fdojf`hs, ferupf-abs hd 68 `bths. @f nfhdf ah `bs dbvo``bs sh ``hv f mfcb hd h` nroeb-rstmb Nroebjhrm. Hstf fmtovoafa nuh ahsfrrb``faf pbr `f fsbmofmodpfrf mfòstmfr h` efdfab hd poh. Hsphmof`jhdth h` phsb, `f cuhdfmbdnbrjfmod ah erfsf, `f thrjodfmod, hdtrh btrfs mfrfmthrsto-mfs quh cusmf h` jhrmfab hd `f fmtufòafa. Fmtufrbd ah luhmhs h`zbbthmdostf Sfnfh` hxhorf, quod sh ahshjphf mbjb tmdomb ahDh`brh Dfturf` hd `f Fsbmofmod Crfso`hf ah Mrofabrhs ah Dh`brh

y F`chrtb Eudtghr, ah `f Mbjosod mdomf ah `f F[MD.@uheb ah `fs hvfùfmobdhs ah` lurfab, rhsu`t vhdmhabrf ah`mbdmursb ah` efdfab hd poh `f hstfdmof Jfrode, quh sh faluaom`bs abs projhrbs ùefrhs. H` thrmhr puhstb nuh pfrf `f hstfdmof IfoSfeuh ].F. H` rhdaojohdtb ah `bs fdojf`hs tuvb ud prbjhaob ah88%, quh hs `f aonhrhdmof hdtrh su phsb y `f mfrdh òjpof bcthdoafpfrf h` nr oebrstmb.

Jbjhdtb ah fs mf ono-mfmobdhs hd nroebrnomb.



D B Q F Q M D O M F

H` odomob ah `bs mu`tovbs ah rcb`hs f

dovh` hxthdsovb hd [frfeufy mbd udfodthdmod ah hxp`btfmod odaustrof`,sh af mbd `f fprbcfmod ah `f @hy8=>/?8 Ah nbjhdtb f `f nbrhstfmod

y rhnbrhstfmod. F jhaofabs ah `bs fbs sh-thdtf hd `f zbdf ah` F`tb [frfd sh aohrbdhxphrohdmofs odthrhsfdths. Hd fquh` hdtbd-mhs nuh h` podb `f hsphmoh sh`hmmobdfaf pfrfh` mu`tovb. @bs prbpohtfrobs ah hstbs topbsah cbsquhs (nbrhstfmobdhs y rhnbrhstfmob-dhs), sf`vb rfrfs hxmhpmobdhs, ahsmbdbmfd`bs trftfjohdtbs so`vomu`turf`hs quh ahchrfrhfòzfrsh hd sus pfrmh`fs y f mbdshmuhdmof

ah h``b `bs prbyhmtbs nrfmfsfrbd.[fsfrbd `bs fbs y `f fpòmfmod ah `fthmdb`bef hd h` rucrb nbrhstf`, sujfab f `ffpfromod ah hjprhsfs ahaomfafs f` shmtbrnuh mrhmohdab tfdtb mbjb muf`quohr btrbrucrb ah` mfjpb, `b quh aob mbjb rhsu`tf-ab jfybr rhdaojohdtb ah `fs p`fdtfmobdhs yh` fujhdtb ah `bs dhebmobs ah cbsquhs oj-p`fdtfabs hd [frfeufy. Mbjb fmtuf`jhdth`f hsphmoh js utoòzfaf pfrf rhnbrhstfr hd

X]B] J@QO[@H]

Cbsquhs ojp`fdtfabs

duhstrb pfs hs h` Humf`yptus, vhrhjbs udfnbrjf ah jfdhlb pfrf usbs j`top`hs ahhstf hsphmoh (fc`f 6).

Mbjb sh puhah bcshrvfr hd `f fc`f 6,`f ahdsoafa utoòzfaf hs ah 6.;;; rcb`hs/

ghmtrhf. Xd sosthjf pfrf fpòmfr rf`hah muftrb hd muftrb fbs gfstf ``hefr fmbshmgf hd 6> fbs. Hd h` `tojb mbrth bcthdard =;; jhtrbs mcombs ah jfarf fshrrfc`h b `fjodfc`h pbr ghmtrhf,

`bs 638 rcb`hs quh rhstfrbd f` stdf` amom`b. Ah` projhr rf`hb tbafvf db hxoudf mbjphdsfmod hmbdjomf odthrhsfdphrb hs dhmhsfrob hstf odthrvhdmod pfafr ùefr f` mrhmojohdtb hd vbùjhd ah odaovoaubs quh quhafrfd hd `f pfrmh`f. sheudab y thrmhr rf`hb yf sbd hmbdjomjhdth ojpbrtfdths, puhs yf sh bctohdprbaumtbs mbjhrmofòzfc`hs.

Hstfjbs vohdab h` hlhjp`b ah udf p`ftfmod abdah fahjs ah `bs rf`hbs, tfjcoahchd rhfòzfrsh fs pbafs pfrf f bcthdmoah jfahrf òcrh ah duabs, hstb soedostmf

jhlbr prhmob f `f gbrf ah vhdahr `f jfahGfy quh mbdsoahrfr quh hd h` sosthjf usbs j`top`hs `fs ahdsoafahs sbd js cfpbrquh sh dhmhsotf udf prbaummod vbùjtromf jfybr pbr odaovoaub f udf p`fdtfmombd stdhs hdhretombs. Abdah `f dhmhsoahs prbaummod ah hdhref, h` tohjpb ah mshmgf hs jhdbr y `fs odthrvhdmobdhs tfjcod jhdbs trfcflbsfs.

[br qu hdtbdmhs hstfrfjbs gfmohdjfdhlb pfrf usbs j`top`hs hd vhz ah stdhdhretombs, so pfrf prbaummod hdhret

QFC@F 6.Jfdhlb ah Humf`yptus pfrf usbs j`top`hs

[br; 7; 7;

7 8;; 38; 38; 31; 63; 63;

63 38; 638 638 37; 61; 61;

6> 638 638 ; =;; =;; ;


39/80

sh rhfòzf jhdbs odthrvhdmobdhs y h` tohjpbah mbshmgf hs js rpoab2[rojhrb.]bd prbyhmtbs aostodtbs. Fudquhhstfrfjbs sfmfdab `hf ah udf p`fdtfmodpfrf usbs j`top`hs hd bs rf`hbs, h` std prod-mopf` shr f prbaummod ah jfahrf sòaf.]heudab.Mbjb muf`quohr prbyhmtb ah od-

vhrsod, abdah jfybr odyhmmod ah mfpotf`sh rhfòmh (pbafs, rf`hbs, jfdthdojohdtbs,htm.), jfybr shr `f rhdtfcoòafa f` stdf` ah`prbyhmtb.

Vuhrhjbs ahmor mbd hstb quh `f prbaum-mod ah jfahrf sòaf, fshrrfc`h b fjodfc`h,soeuh sohdab h` jhlbr dhebmob ah ud mu`tovbah rcb`hs. @bs duhvbs jbah`bs ah jfdh-lb (sbcrh tbab pfrf ojp`hjhdtfr hd duhstrbpfs), surehd pfrf afr vf`brhs ferhefabs f`bs prbaumtbs bcthdoabs ah `fs p`fdtfmobdhsnbrhstf`hs. Hstbs vf`brhs sh hxprhsfd hd `f

mfòafa ah jfahrfs fshrrfc`hs hd `f mbshmgfstdf` ah f pfrmh`f y hd bs fprbvhmgfjohdtbsmbjhrmof`hs ah `b bcthdoab f pfrtor ah` sh-eudab rf`hb hd ah`fdth. @hf, rflfs, pbsthsah aostodtbs jhtrbs y hsphsbrhs sbd prbaum-tbs quh afrd hsh vf`br ferhefab f duhstrbprbyhmtb so sh rhsphtfd bs tohjpbs ah fs od-thrvhdmobdhs mu`turf`hs hd `f pfrmh`f.

Mufdab h` prbyhmtb ``heuh f su mom`b ahmbrtf stdf` (hd hsth hlhjp`b 6> fbs), `f jf-ahrf mbshmgfaf shrvor pfrf ud soddjhrbahprbaumtbs ah f`tb vf`br hd h` jhrmfab. Jfah-rf fshrrfaf prbpofjhdth, jbàurfs, puhrtfsy vhdtfdfs, posbs, thrmofafs, mfcb ah ghrrf-johdtfs, juhc`hs, htm. @f mrhmohdth ahjfd-

af ah hstbs topbs ah prbaumtbs, fsbmoojpbsocoòafa ah bs cbsquhs dftovbs pcror`f, ahcoab f` ahthrobrb ah hstbs, squh `fs jfahrfs ah cbsquhs ojp`fdjfdhlfabs hdtrfrfd mfaf vhz js nuhmbjhrmob jfahrhrb, y pbr mbdsoeuohdmfaf vhz js rhdtfc`hs pfrf sus prbau

H humf optb hs f hsphmohjs usfaf pfrf rhnbrhstfr.


41/80



63 MBDESH]B [FDFJHSOMFDB AH @F @HMGH

Mbdtodhdth mbd nùoab c`fdmb hd sus vhdfs

H ^ H D Q B ]

Mbbphrftovf Mgbrtotzhr. Cfdmb Sheobdf . Sbafb [`fst.

63 MBDESH]B [FDFJHSOMFDB AH @F @HMGH

Mbdtodhdth mbd nùoab c`fdmb hd sus vhdfs

Ah` 8 f` 5 ah ludob, [frfeufy nuh shahah` ahcfth mbdtodhdtf` ah tbabs `bs fm-tbrhs vodmu`fabs f` shmtbr tfjchrb. F`stdfòzfr h` hdmuhdtrb, sh susmroco f Ah-

m`frfmod ah Fsudmod, quh hdtrh btrfsmbsfs ahstfm h` pbthdmof` ah mrhmojohd-tb quh tbafvf tohdh Fjromf pfrf ah-sfrrb``fr `f fmtovoafa `hmghrf, mbd vostfsf afr rhspuhstfs f udf mfaf vhz jfybrahjfdaf judaof` ah fòjhdtbs.A

urfdth trhs afs sh fdfòzfrbd hodthrmfjcofrbd mbjhdtfrobs ah `frhfòafa ah` shmtbr `hmghrb hd `frheod, hs quh [frfeufy rhmoco fdujhrbsfs ah`hefmobdhs ah` mbdto-

dhdth pfrf shr shah ah` 63 Mbderhsb [f-dfjhromfdb ah `f @hmgh. Gucb fahjs od-thrhsfdths fmtovoafahs hd nbrjf soju`tdhf

y hd pfrf`h`b, fahjs ah hvhdtbs prhvobsy pbsthrobrhs vodmu`fabs f` quhgfmhr ah`c`fdmb fòjhdtb `quoab.

[hrb nuh sod auafs `f Ahm`frfmod Fsudmod, f` stdf` ah` hvhdtb, `f quh ahfèudfs postfs pfrf hvfùfr f` shmtbr hdmbdtodhdth. Hsth abmujhdtb susmrotb p`bs mbjpbdhdths ah `f Nhahrfmod [fdfjromfdf ah @hmghrf (Nhpf`h), brefdozfambdludtfjhdth mbd `f Mjfrf [frfeufah Odaustrof`hs @mthbs (Mfpfod`fm) a


43/80

Jhrohdaf bnrhmoaf mbdprbaumtbs @fmtb`fdaf.

mbderhsb, nuh mftheromb f` ahstfmfr `fs mbdaomobdhs prbpomofs ahFjromf pfrf sheuor bnrhmohdab sbùmobdhs f `fs ahjfdafs rheob-

df`hs y judaof`hs ah` fòjhdtb quoab.Mbd f prhshdmof ah ah`hefmobdhs ah Frehdtodf, Cbòvof, Crfso`,Mb`bjcof, Mbstf Somf, Mgo`h, Mucf, Hmufabr, Hstfabs Xdoabs,Eufthjf`f, Gbdaurfs, Jxomb, [fdfj, [frfeufy, [hr, Shp-còmf Abjodomfdf, Xrueufy y ^hdhzuh`f, js `f pfrtomopfmod ahmbjotovfs ah hxtrf zbdf mbjb Fustrfòf, Aodfjfrmf y Hspff, shprbmhao f ahcftor y susmrocor h` thxtb ah `f ahm`frfmod.

[rojhrfjhdth pfrf rhmbrafr quh `f prbaummod ah fòjhdtbsrhquohrh ah ud >;% faomobdf` pfrf h` 3;8;, mufdab `f pbc`fmodjudaof` hstojfaf rbdafrf bs ? jo` jo` `bdhs ah gfcotfdths y ahd-trb ah hsfs ahjfdafs, `f `hmghrf luhef ud pfph` ojpbrtfdth.

Hd `b quh `f rheod sh rhsthrh, shed `bs hstuaobs y fdòsos, h`mbdtodhdth rhdh `fs mbdaomobdhs pfrf prbaumor h` fòjhdtb `quoab

y sus ahrovfabs, mbjb pfrf pbahr gfmhr nrhdth f `bs rhquhrojohdtbsah` jhrmfab fjhromfdb odthrdb mbjb f` rhstb ah` judab. Hstb hstfjpfrfab hd h` ghmgb quh mhrmf ah ud thrmob ah `f tohrrf fprbpofafpfrf udf hxpfdsod sbsthdoc`h sh hdmuhdtrf hd f rheod.

Fahjs, hs ud mbdtodhdth mbd `fs jfybrhs rhshrvfs ah feufau`mh ah` p`fdhtf, f `b quh sh sujfd `bs mbdbmojohdtbs ah fvfd-zfaf hd jfthrof ferbphmufrob quh mbdvortohrbd f fèudbs ah `bspfshs mbjb rhnhrhdths ah `f rhvbùmod fòjhdtfrof.



H ^ H D Q B ]

[htrbpfmi. Fprb`h. Nfcropfr.

@f aovhrsoafa ah mòjfs sbd fprbvhmgf-abs pfrf prbaumor `hmgh, ahcoab f `f fafp-tfmod ehdtomf y f `bs jfdhlbs fahmufabspfrf f fmtovoafa tfdtb hd zbdfs thjp`fafs,mbjb hd trbpomf`hs y suctrbpomf`hs.

]u nfmtbr sbmof` oeuf`jhdth hs ojpbr-tfdth, puhs rhprhshdtf udf fmtovoafa pfrf

frrfoefr f `fs phrsbdfs f ud hdtbrdb rurf`,sod dhmhsoafahs ah joerfmobdhs trfujtomfsy, pbr h` mbdtrfrob, pfrf prbvbmfr ud hnhmtbju`topòmfabr jhaofdth `f nuhrzf ah trfcflblbvhd mbd vdmu`bs nfjoòfrhs.

@f mbdmùsod prodmopf` ahstfm quh shvovh ud jbjhdtb juy prbjosbrob pfrf `f`hmghrf rheobdf`, f` tohjpb ah fsujor quh`bs rhtbs rhquohrhd ah` fpbyb ah tbabs `bsshmtbrhs vodmu`fabs f `f prbaummod, fsmbjb ah `bs johjcrbs ah `f Nhpf`h.

F h``b sh suj quh ahdtrb ah `fs phrs-phmtovfs ah mrhmojohdtb pfrf `f rheod, hs dh-

mhsfrob quh `bs ebcohrdbs ahd h` rb` prhpbd-ahrfdth quh tohdh `f `hmgh pbr su ojpòmfdmofpbsotovf hd h` p`fdb hmbdjomb y sbmof`.

Hdtrh tfdtb, btrbs fsphmtbs ahsfrrb-``fabs aurfdth h` hdmuhdtrb odmùyhrbd `ffsfjc`hf ah `f Nhpf`h quh rhdbv futbroaf-ahs, fsujohdab h` mbstfrromhdsh ChrdfrabJfmfyf `f prhsoahdmof, quohd sumhah f` crf-so`hb ômhdth Dbeuhorf. H` mhdtrb ah mbd-vhdmobdhs ah `f Mbdjhcb` nuh h` hsmhdfrobpfrf h` nbrb odthrdfmobdf`, quh mbdt mbd `fprhshdmof ah f` jhdbs udfs 7;; phrsbdfs.

frofs strjfs pftrbmodfrbd h` Mbderhsb y sh

aospusb ah ud rhf ah stfdas pfrf hxpbdhr

`fs aovhrsfs prbpuhstfs ah `fs hjprhsfs y

brefdozfmobdhs. Gucb crodaos y jbjhdtbspfrf mbjpfrtor hdtrh `bs pfrtomopfdths, tf`hsmbjb `f jhrohdaf brefdozfaf pbr `f mbbph-

rftovf @f Gb`fdaf. @f brefdozfmod prhv

sfòafs ah mfjpb lustfjhdth pfrf mbdbmhxphrohdmofs prbaumtovfs hd h` Mgfmb y hdrheod Brohdtf`. Oeuf`jhdth, yf quh sh rhòz pbsthrobrjhdth f` Af Judaof` ah@hmgh, h` 6 ah ludob, aurfdth h` fmtb ah ofueurfmod sh prbmhao f` trfaomobdf` croaos c`fdmb, mbd h` vfsb ah `hmgh. @fs mgfrhstuvohrbd f mfreb ah ahstfmfabs prbnhsdf`hs ah [frfeufy, ah `f rheod y ah hxzbdf. fjcod sh puab bcshrvfr h` odmhsfth jbvojohdtb ah `fs phrsbdfs ahtrs ah ed mbdtfmtb pfrf pbthdmof`hs dhebmobs, mbjb f prhshdtfmod ah` prxojb mbderh

hd Jxomb, ahdtrb ah abs fbs.Qrfaomobdf crodaos mbd `hmgh.

Eustfv ]fwftziy, ahNhmbprba, hd f aoshrtfmo

Qhtrf [fmi. Ferbtfjcb. Mbbphrftovf @f Gbfdaf.


45/80



D B Q F A H Q F [ F


47/80

@BJF HSAH

Hxthdsodah xotbMfcff @bjf ^hrah hs `f rhmohdth fpuhstf ah `f

hxotbsf nfjoòf Mhupphds, quh ahsah gfmh mfso jh-aob soe`b odomo sus fmtovoafahs tfjchrfs. Mbdnbrjf `fudoafa prbaumtovf hd ud sosthjf odthdsovb mbd f`tf mf-òafa, pfrf prbvhhr hmgh ah nbrjf hxmùsovf f f p`fd-tf odaustrof` ah` erupb pfrf `bs `mthbs @f [rfahrf.X

comfaf f ?; io`jhtrbs ahFsudmod, hd `f mbrao``h-

rfdf bmfòafa ah Frrbybsy Hsthrbs, Mfcff @bjf^hrah hs h` duhvb prbyhm-

tb ah` erupb nfjoòfr Mhupphds,quh gfmh mfso 8; fbs odomo `fsfmtovoafahs tfjchrfs hd ud ph-quhb hstfc`hmojohdtb hd `f tbaf-vf pbmf urcfdozfaf Nhrdfdab ah `f Jbrf.

H` fdthmhahdth js odjhaoftb ah @bjf^hrah hs h` hjprhdaojohdtb ah `f mfcffodstf`faf hd h` Cflb Mgfmb, quh aob cfshpfrf ahsfrrb``fr h` efdfab ah hmgh mbd fdo-jf`hs fafptfabs, rstombs, phrb mbd ud f`tb

dovh` ehdtomb.

@f pbsocoòafa ah ``hvfr `f hxphrohdmofpbsotovf, phrb f ud dovh` js odthdsovb hd`f rheod Brohdtf`, ahrov hd `f ahmosod ahfaquoror ud prhaob hd Frrbybs y Hsthrbs,quh mbd `f rutf = nfvbrhmo udf prbvosodah `hmgh db juy aostfdth hdtrh `f udoafa ah

prbaummod y `f ncromf prbmhsfabrf.

H` mfjpb nuh prbpomodomofr `fs fmtovoafahs hd

aob ah 88; ghmtrhfs. @trocumod odmùyh 6=; gpfrf mu`tovb ah mbrth pfrf ghmtrhfs ah sbreb ah pfstbghmtrhfs ah pfsturf mb`bghmtrhfs ah Crozfdtf J8; ghmtrhfs ah pfstb dftu

pfstbrhb y prbaummod ah ghdb, 8;rhfs ah pfsturfs cflb h` sosthjf so`vro` y 6=8 ghmtrhfs ah rhshrvfs ah cb

]hed Fab`nb [hrhorf, fshsbr ah `f hjprhsf, `f udoafa muhdtf mbd5;; fdojf`hs, ah bs muf`hs, udfs =;

hstd hd prbaummod. Hstbs hlhjp`frrfzf Gb`fdab dfmohrbd y nuhrbd rhhd `f mfcff ah` Cflb Mgfmb, odomoftrfs`fab h` 61 ah aomohjcrh, ah` fb

Fs, `f odthdmod ah @bjf ^hrahaumor `hmgh cflb sosthjfs odthdsovbsmobdf`hs, bptojozfdab `bs rhmursbsmobdf`hs, fjcohdtf`hs y `fs pbmfs a_ tbab hstb, mbd fdojf`hs ah f`tf ehdtomf, quh f su vhz puhahd mbdstudf bpmod vòaf pfrf `bs ahjs prrhs odthrhsfabs hd ahsfrrb``fr `f fmtov

[hrhorf ahstfm quh `f pbsocoò

mrhfr udf duhvf muhdmf `hmghrf tfjchrbs vhmodbs pbarf afrsh hd tb p`fzb. Ah ghmgb, `f hjprhsf odh` usb ah `f ehdtomf ah projhr dovprbaumtbrhs pfrf `b muf` prbpbdh vhd `f bnhrtf ah jfmgbs.

Aurfdth ud rhmbrroab pbr h` mojohdtb sh puab bcshrvfr oeuf`jpftrofrmf ah `f trfaomobdf` nfjoòf tfAfdoh` F. Mhupphds, fmbjpffab

Fab`nb [hrhorfcrodnbrjfmobdhs ah f



D B Q F A H Q F [ F

ah sus golfs, ôb`htf Mhupphds, f`tf aorhm-tovf ah ]fprbmf`, `f p`fdtf quh nfcromf `bs`mthbs @f [rfahrf, mbjb udf hstfjpfquh h` xotb db sb`b juhstrf su mbdtoduo-afa, sodb tfjcod sh hxtohdah f btrbs pud-tbs ah` pfs.

XD [F]HB [BS @F GO]QBSOF

Mufdab ud lbvhd Afdoh` Mhupphds odo-mo sus fmtovoafahs tfjchrfs gfmh mfsojhaob soe`b `b gozb mbd `f mbdvommod quhshrf ud mfjodb `freb y sfmrostmfab, phrb

Afdoh` Mhupphdsyôb`htf Mhupphds.

quh hd h` cf`fdmh stdf` sh vh fjpòfjhdthsuphrfdab pbr `fs sftosnfmmobdhs y `bs `b-erbs. Hd tbab hsth mfjodfr, `f ojpbrtfdmof

ah mbdtfr mbd h` sbpbrth nfjoòfr nuh athrjodfdth. Hjphzfdab pbr `f mbjpfrf ah su voaf, C`fdmf f`fvhrf ]podzo, qfahjs ah fpbyfr h` trfcflb hd h` phquhtfjcb hd Nhrdfdab ah `f Jbrf, nuh mvh pfrf sheuor mbd `bs soeuohdths ahsfnmbjb mufdab sh trfs`fafrbd f Mfpoft, psheuor mbd h` tfjcb y btrbs rucrbs.

Hd `b quh mbdmohrdh f `f `hmghrf, 6?75 sh odmbrpbr cobthmdb`bef y ehdmf ah projhr dovh`, ojpbrtfabs ah MfdfaHstfabs Xdoabs y btrbs pfshs. H` rhmbd

mojohdtb f hsth hsnuhrzb sh aob f dovh` `mf` hdtrh btrfs bmfsobdhs hd hxpbsomobdhjuhstrfs efdfahrfs, hd abdah `f hjprhFvft ].F., ah` erupb nfjoòfr, efd hd djhrbsfs bpbrtudoafahs vfrobs ah `bs promopf`hs prhjobs. ]ohdab udb ah `bs `berhd ehdtomf js ahstfmfabs h` [hdtfmfjphbdftb ah `f rfzf Gb`fdab, hd 6??8, atodmod hdtrhefaf pbr domf vhz, shed supb. H` hjprhdaojohdtb hd h` Cflb Mgf

@fs fmtovoafahs hd h`mhdtrb ah f ojhdtfmod.


49/80

mbdsosto hd hstfc`hmhr ud hstfc`hmojohdtb tfjchrb ah projhr do-vh`, bcthdohdab ud fdojf` rstomb y f`tfjhdth fafptfab f` ùefr.Nodf`jhdth, h` prbyhmtb @bjf ^hrah sh odomof hd h` 3;66, mufdabmbjohdzf h` trfs`fab ah tbafs `fs vfmfs `hmghrfs ah` Cflb Mgf-mb, fdojf`hs ah ehdtomf suphrobr quh fmbjpffabs mbd `f `tojfthmdb`bef, cusmf fprbvhmgfr `bs rhmursbs aospbdoc`hs hd h` hstf-

c`hmojohdtb ah Frrbybs y Hsthrbs. Fahjs, sh `berf ud jhlbr jf-dhlb dutromobdf`, fs mbjb bnrhmhr ud mbdnbrt f `bs hlhjp`frhs hd`f csquhaf ah ud jfybr rhdaojohdtb y udf `hmgh ah f`tf mfòafa.

Shmbrroab hd modmb pfrfafs

Mbd jbtovb ah` 63 Mbderhsb [fdfjhromfdb ah `f @hmgh, Mf-cff @bjf ^hrah, nuh udb ah `bs hstfc`hmojohdtbs quh fcrosus puhrtfs pfrf mbjpfrtor h` trfcflb mbd `fs ah`hefmobdhs vo-

sotfdths, `bmf`hs y hxtrfdlhrfs. H` rhmbrroab odmùy modmb pfrfafs,prhvof rhudod pfrf bnrhmhr bs ahtf``hs ah f udoafa.H` projhr pudtb vosotfab nuh h` tfjcb, fg sh bnrhmohrbd ahtf-

``hs ah` trfcflb, `bs hquopbs utoòzfabs, `f phrobaomoafa y fèudbsdjhrbs, hd abdah sh hvoahdmofrbd `bs rhsu`tfabs ah udf fmtovoafahd sosthjfs odthdsovbs y hstfmobdf`hs, fs mbjb rhspbdahr f `fs prh-eudtfs ah `bs prhshdths. @f sheudaf pfrfaf nuh `f sf`f ah brahh,hquopfaf mbd udf jquodf `dhf odthrjhaof ah 3; cflfafs, prxo-jf f 31, mbd udf mfpfmoafa ah brahh ah 68; f 67; vfmfs pbr gbrf,hquopfab mbd `fs `tojfs thmdb`befs.



D B Q F A H Q F [ F

]hed h` jfthrof` ah aonusod, `f j-quodf tohdh `fs mufòafahs quh f` mb`bmfr`fs phzbdhrfs jfsflhf `bs phzbdhs pfrf `fcflfaf ah `hmgh ah` fdojf` pbr f èudbs sh-eudabs, tohdh crfzbs ah pbsomobdfjohdtbs,

mbd `bs mb`hmtbrhs OV , quh brahf bs mufr-tbs hd nbrjf odaovoauf`, hvotfdab fs fèu-df mbdtfjodfmod ah ud phzd f btrb hd h`jbjhdtb ah` brahb, joah `f prbaummodh`hmtrdomfjhdth f trfvs ah `bs vfsbs ahÀhjftrbd, juhstrf `f prbaummod ah mfafvfmf hd h` jfdab ah` Ahjftrbd, tfjcodpuhah jhaor `f mbdaumtovoafa ah `f `hmgh,pbr `tojb mghquhf ffiulb ah `hmgh ah `f vfmfy mufdab ``hef f udf mfdtoafa jdojf rh-torf futbjtomfjhdth `f udoafa ah brahb.

@f jquodf sh `fvf futbjtomfjhdth ftrfvs ah` prberfjfabr ah `fvfab, quh gfmh

tbabs `bs prbmhsbs, odmùsb absostmf futb-

jtomfjhdth `bs prbaumtbs qujombs ahòjpohzf, ah hstf jfdhrf sh utoòzf `f ab-sos mbrrhmtf pfrf db affr do h` suh`b do `fsdfpfs ah feuf, fs josjb pfrf h` `fvfab ah`f jquodf sh utoòzf prbaumtbs tbtf`jhdth

cobaherfafc`h pfrf db affr h` fjcohdth.@f prhpfrfmod ah `bs fdojf`hs pfrf h`brahb odmùyh h` `fvfab y udf prh ahsod-nhmmod ah `bs phzbdhs, sh shmf `bs phzbdhsmbd tbf``fs ahsmfrtfc`hs odaovoauf`hs, ahhstf jfdhrf sh brahf phzbdhs tbtf`jhd-th ahsodnhmtfabs y hsthroòzfabs, ùheb ah`brahb sh fpòmf ud sh``fabr pfrf prbthehr`f ucrh hdtrh h` brahb ah muf`quohr mbdtf-jodfmod.

@f pfrth ah mòjftozfmod odmùyhd h`jblfab ah `bs fdojf`hs hd `f sf`f ah hs-phrf f trfvs ah `bs pombs fsphrsbrhs, jblf

`bs fdojf`hs pbr fèudbs jodutbs y ùheb

hdtrf f trfcflfr `bs vhdto`fabrhs quh sbd juy f`tb mfuaf` ah vohdtb, ah juy cflb dvh` sbdbrb pfrf db phrturcfr y fs hvotfrhstrs f fdojf`hs y brahfabrhs.

Hd `f pfrfaf = sh bcshrvfrbd `bs mbj

ahrbs. Aospbdhd ah abs ef`pbdhs ahstodfaf` mbdsujb ah `f rfmod mbjp`htf ah tba`bs fdojf`hs, pbr mfthebrf y pbr erupb prbaummod. Mbd mfpfmoafa ah 38; fdoj`hs pbr ef`pd y hquopfabs mbd vhdto`faby fsphrsbrhs pfrf h` rhnrhsmfjohdtb hd pbmfs ah mf`br. Ahphdaohdab ah `f mftherf hdtrf udf b abs vhmhs f rhmocor su rfmombjp`htf quh hs aostrocuoaf f b freb ah` mjhahrb pbr ud joxhr, mbd udf mfpfmoafa6.7;; io `berfjbs pbr prhpfrfab.

@f pfrfaf 1 mbrrhspbdao f `f udoaah mrf ah thrdhrbs. Hsth bphrf cflb h` sost

jf ah mrofdzf hd lfu`fs odaovoauf`hs, ahsh` dfmojohdtb ah` fdojf` gfstf `bs =; afòjhdtfabs mbd mf`bstrb dfturf`, mbde`fab b nhrjhdtfab gfstf ?; afs, fmbjpffabs mbd ud mbdmhdtrfab mbjhrmof`vbùdtfa, ghdb ah [fdeb`f y pfstbrhb pbtrhrotbs ah pfsturfs (Crozfdtf JfrfdaF` ahsthth mbdtodfd mbd su mbdmhdtrfmbjhrmof` y pfstbrhb. @fs thrdhrfs hd htfpf ah mrf y rhmrf mujp`hd ud p`fd sdotfrob prhvhdtovb hstromtb.

@f lbrdfaf mbdmùy mbd `f quodtf prfaf, h` mhdtrb ah fòjhdtfmod, h` ùefr

prhpfrfmod ah `f rfmod mbjp`htf y f`jmhdfjohdtb ah `bs oderhaohdths. Hquopfmbd abs joxhr, mbd mfpfmoafa ah prhpfrmod ah 6.8;; io`berfjbs pbr mfaf prhpfab, ud trfmtbr mbd pf`f nrbdtf` y ud trfmjhzm`fabr. H` mhdtrb muhdtf mbd su prbpjbòdb pfrf jbòhdaf ah aovhrsbs topbs odsujbs. @f aospbdocoòafa ah poharfs `f zbdf oeuf`jhdth nuh fprbvhmgfaf pfmbdstruor so`bs mbd hstbs jfthrof`hs.

[rhpfrftovbs hd fsf`f ah brahh.

Fprbvhmgfdab fs poharfsah `f zbdf sh gozb h so b.


51/80



H ^ H D Q B ]

@fs mgfr`fs sh ahsfrrb``frbd hd `fXdovhrsoafa ah ]fd Mfr`bs, Nfmu`-

tfa ah Mohdmofs ^hthrodfrofs ah `fXdovhrsoafa Dfmobdf` ah Fsudmod,h` ]hrvomob Ferbphmufrob ah @bjf

[`ftf, hd h` `bmf` ah Ferbaodjomf hd Gb-ghdfu Otfpf, hd `f sumursf` ah `f Mbbph-rftovf Mb`bdofs Xdoafs ah ]fdtf Sotf y hdh` `bmf` ah `f Mbbphrftovf @f Gb`fdaf hd L.Hu`beob Hstoefrrocof.

Hd hstfs lbrdfafs aoshrtfrbd h` abmtbrSbaroeb Mbstf, ehrhdth tmdomb ah Cbvo-

Qbrtuef rhf oz lbrdfafs tmdomfs pfrf

efdfahrf hmghrf hd tbafs fs muhdmfsHd h` jfrmb ah fs mbdjhjbrfmobdhs pbr h` Af ah f @hmgh hd h` jhs ah ludob,`f hjprhsf ah dutromod fdojf` Qbrtuef rhf`oz udf shroh ah lbrdfafs tmdomfshd fs prodmopf`hs muhdmfs hmghrfs ah` pfs ahsah h` 67 f` 33 ah ludob, fmbj-pffabs ah hsphmof`ostfs hd dutromod y jfdhlb ah efdfab `hmghrb, ``hvfdab fsodnbrjfmod y mbdmhptbs dbvhabsbs f hsth shejhdtb ah f prbaummod.

Lbrdfaf hd ]fdtf Sotf.

Mgfr f hd f zbdf ah Mfjpb ?.


53/80

dbmu`turf ah @hmgh ah brtuef Crfso` y hàbmtbr Haufrab Chrdfrahs, fsosthdth tmdo-mb ah brtuef Jhrmfab Hxthrobr.

F` trjodb ah fs lbrdfafs, Luòfdb Jf-moh`, fsosthdth tmdomb ah brtuef [frfeufy

y udb ah `bs mbbraodfabrhs ah `fs lbrdfafs,jfdonhst f stdfòafa ah hstfs mfpfmotfmob-dhs nuhrbd trfhr mbdmhptbs dbvhabsbs mbjb`f Jhaomodf ah `f [rbaummod, quh cusmftrfhr sbùmobdhs ahstdotovfs pfrf prbc`hjfscfstfdth mbjudhs y phrluaomof`hs f` tfjcb.

fjcod `f utoòzfmod ah `bs cf`fdmhf-abs ah nbrjf hsphmstmf f mfaf sotufmod hsud mbdmhptb quh tfjcod tohdh mbjb odthd-mod trfhr js rhdtfcoòafa f` prbaumtbr ah`hmgh. @f trfdsjosod ah thmdb`bef f` shm-tbr `hmghrb ah` pfs hs ud mbjprbjosb ah `fhjprhsf, yf quh h` bclhtovb hs trfhr, fahjs

ah dutromod ah f`tf thmdb`bef, `fs odnbrjf-mobdhs pfrf `berfr h` jhlbr rhsu`tfab hd h`sosthjf ah prbaummod, aolb. Shsf`t quh `fslbrdfafs thrjodfrbd mbd xotb yf quh pfrto-

mopfrbd hd h``fs js ah 1;; phrsbdfs hdtrhprbaumtbrhs y tmdombs ah` shmtbr `hmghrb.Mbd hstb brtuef ahjuhstrf udf vhz jsh` fmbjpffjohdtb f` prbaumtbr, `f mbds-tfdth csquhaf ah sbùmobdhs rhdtfc`hs pfrffs mbdtrocuor f berfr f jfybr hstmohdmof f fprbaummod hmghrf dfmobdf`, aolb.

JHAOMODF AH [SBAXMMODAurfdth `fs lbrdfafs tmdomfs, h` ehrhd-th tmdomb ah Cbvodbmu`turf ah @hmgh

ah brtuef Crfso`, Sbaroeb Mbstf, fcbra`f jhaomodf ah `f prbaummod, hd abdahmbjpfrto su hxphrohdmof y croda fèudfsbrohdtfmobdhs ah mjb utoòzfr `bs aftbs m`-dombs mbjb ghrrfjohdtf pfrf aofedstombah` sosthjf ah prbaummod `hmghrf.

Hxpòm quh `f jhaomodf ah prbaummodpfrf efdfab ah `hmgh hs `f odtherfmod ahtbabs `bs mbjpbdhdths pfrf jhlbrfr `bsrhdaojohdtbs. ]h ftohdahd h`hjhdtbs tf`hs

mbjb mfòafa, thmdb`bef, hmbdbjf, hd stdhstrftheofs quh phrjotfd afr js oderhsbshd `fs udoafahs ah prbaummod. Mbjpfrtotrfcflbs hd abdah rhsf`t `f ojpbrtfdmof ahfthdahr ahtf``hs quh tohdhd quh vhr mbd `fdutromod, h` jfdhlb y h` mbdnbrt ah `bs fdo-jf`hs. Odaom quh sbd ahsfnbs phrjfdhd-ths, puhs `bs fdojf`hs rhquohrhd ah fahmuf-mod mbdstfdth hd `fs tmdomfs ah jfdhlb yah prbvhhr `bs dutrohdths shed `fs dhmhso-

afahs pfrtomu`frhs. Odaom quh so cvfmf ah cuhdf mfòafa dhmhsotf ud fahmufab, tfjcod hs cuhdb fthdahrvfmfs ah` gftb. [uhs sohjprh sh rhqah jhlbrhs hstrftheofs pfrf `berfr

rhsu`tfabs.@f dfturf`hzf db gozb vfmfs pfaumor 8; òtrbs, dbsbtrbs `b gomojbtbdmhs pbr hsb thdhjbs quh fòjhdtsfchr qu jodhrf`hs dhmhsotf, qu mjhdtb hs h` js odaomfab.

Hd h` mfsb ah `bs jfmrbdutrohdquh db gfy jfybrhs odmbdvhdohdthhd `bs jomrbdutrohdths s sh phrmocpbdocoòafahs cflfs hd `bs fòjhdttbabs `bs fòjhdtbs aospbdhd ah uddf mfdtoafa ah zodm, mbcrh, sh`hdob tfjcod hdtr f phsfr h` mrbjb. G

tuaobs hd abdah sh hstfc`hmhd quh `dhmhsotfd js ah hstbs h`hjhdtbs, fjcod fcbra h` trfcflb hd h

ab prh pfrtb. Fs mbjb `f ojpbrtf

Sbaroeb Mbstf, ehrhdthtmdomb ah Cbvodbmu`turf ah

@hmgh ah Qbrtuef Crfso .

Haufrab Chrdfrafsosthdth tmdomb ahQbrtuef Jhrmfab H

Hdmuhdtrb hd @bjf [`ftf.



H ^ H D Q B ]

oeuf`jhdth prbvhhr fòjhdtbs cuhdbs f tb-abs `bs fdojf`hs y db sb`b f fquh``bs quhhstd hd h` pomb ah prbaummod, ahlfdab `bs

fòjhdtbs ah jhdbr mfòafa pfrf h` rhstb.Gfy quh vhr `f mbdaomod mbrpbrf` mbjb udodaomftovb pfrf udf cuhdf dutromod, puhsdb tbabs `bs fdojf`hs rhquohrhd ah` josjbcf`fdmhfab b ah oadtomfs prbpbrmobdhs.

Hd btrb jbjhdtb rhsf`t `fs nfmoòafahsquh hd `f fmtufòafa prbpbrmobdf `f thmdb-`bef. Hd hsh shdtoab, rhmbra quh hxosthdfpfrftbs pbrtto`hs pfrf jhaor h` pG pbrjhdbs ah 6;; a`frhs hd Crfso`, tfjcod`bs hquopbs quh usfd `bs aofctombs mbjbudf nbrjf ah tbjfr btrbs aftbs f pfrtorah udf mb`hmtf ah sfderh ah `bs fdojf`hs.

bab hsb mbd rhsu`tfabs js rpoabs.[hrb sod auafs h` thjf ah` mbdnbrt hs h`pudtb m`fvh quh odsosto hd vfrobs pfsflhs ah`f mgfr`f. H` pudtb hs prbpomofr h` jhlbr

mbdnbrt pfrf `f vfmf, pbr hlhjp`b hd mòjfsmbjb `bs trbpomf`hs, `f muhstod ah `f gu-jhafa, hs phbr udf f`tf gujhafa quh `f

thjphrfturf, quh h` mf`br, shdthdmo.

MF@OAFA AH CF@FDMHFAB]H` fsosthdth tmdomb ah brtuef JhrmfabHxthrobr, Haufrab Chrdfrahs, aurfdth

`fs lbrdfafs ah brohdtfmod, fcbra h` thjfah `f Mfòafa ah cf`fdmhfabs mbjb sup`h-jhdtb pfrf h` vbùjodbsb aospbdoc`h hd h`tfjcb. Ahsfrrb`` fsphmtbs ah` trfcflb quhrhfòzf `f hjprhsf y fèudfs hxphrohdmofshd Crfso`, fs mbjb `bs aftbs quh jfdhlfah [frfeufy, fahjs ah `f ojpbrtfdmof ahcuhdfs prmtomfs ah jfdunfmturfs.

Hjphz mbd fèudbs aftbs ah udfmuhdmf `hmghrf hd Crfso`, pfrf ùheb pfsfrpbr udf mfrfmthrozfmod ah `bs hstfc`hmo-johdtbs, shfd prbaumtbrhs erfdahs b ph-

quhbs, mbd fdojf`hs ah f`tf b cflf praumtovoafa.

Shmbra quh sh gozb udf hdmuhstf gf

udbs fbs hd h` vhmodb pfs hd abdah bcshrv quh `f hafa prbjhaob ah `bs praumtbrhs tfjchrbs nuh ah >; fbs ah hafVuohrh ahmor quh hd `bs mfjpbs, hd tfjcbs db gfy udf ehdhrfmod ah duhvprbaumtbrhs. Db gfy ud rhmfjcob ehdhrmobdf`, f`hrt.

Hd mufdtb f `f mfrfmthrozfmod fmtuah` sosthjf ah `f prbaummod ah `hmgh mbra quh hxosth ud fujhdtb ah mbstb `f tohrrf, ud odmrhjhdtb ah` mbstb ah prbaummod, udf mbjphthdmof pbr h` rpfrf btrbs mu`tovbs, mbjb sh af hd Crf

mbd fvfdmhs ah mffvhrf`hs pfrf f`mbgb`, ahtrojhdtb ah `f `hmgh9 mbd mbjphthdmodthrdfmobdf`hs, quh sh vh ferfvfab pbrqh` tfjchrb rhquohrh jhlbrfr su hstmohdmofujhdtfr `f prbaummod ah `hmgh pbr ghmrhf pfrf jfdthdhr `f rhdtfcoòafa.

Mbdbm f ud shbr mbd js ah 5; fJh aolb quh su su pfarh prbaumf 5; òtrpbr af. Hsh sfmrostmob phrjoto quh sh mpfmoth, fs mbjb sus ghrjfdbs mu`jodsus mfrrhrfs, udb mbjb odehdohrb, btrb jaomb, h` thrmhrb, db rhmuhrab, quozs fcbeab, y quh gby mbd udf prbaummod ah ?

f 6.;;; òtrbs pbr af `h hs aonmo` pfefrnfmu`tfa ah sus dohtbs.Hstf fahmufmod ah `f fmtovoafa tfj

cod rhquohrh ah ud mfjcob ah phrst` ehdtomb ah` efdfab b ah `fs ahjs hxoehdmoHd h` judab surehd js hxoehdmofs, phjumgbs tfjcbs db mfjcofd hd su nbrjah trfcflfr. ]h ahch shr mbdsmohdth quh trfcflf mbd btrb topb ah fdojf`, aonhrhdf` quh sh thdf hd h` pfsfab y hstb sh af

Mbd fùjdbs ah fXdovhrsoafa ]fd Mfr`bs.

Mbd prbaumtbrhs y tmdo-mbs ah Mb`bdofs Xdoafs.


55/80

tbabs `bs nrhdths, hd `f sfdoafa, hd `f dutro-mod, hd h` jfdhlb.

Hd mufdtb f `f dutromod, rhmbra `fojpbrtfdmof ah fthdahr `bs mrothrobs mbjb`bs dovh`hs ah jfthrof shmf, h` vf`br dutro-tovb, `f mfdtoafa ah prbthdf b ah stcrf y ah

btrbs h`hjhdtbs muyf prbpbrmod ahstdhdud cuhd fòjhdtb, shed `fs dhmhsoafahs.Hs quh h` mbdsujb ah h`hjhdtbs sh ao-

voahd hd trhs jhmfdosjbs quh vfd ahsahbnrhmhr rhspuhstfs ah` mbjpbrtfjohdtb fmuhstobdhs stsobèomfs, mbd hquoòcrob du-tromobdf`, pfsfdab pbr h` jhmfdosjb nsomb.

_ hsth hsquhjf ahch fthdahrsh pfrf mf-sbs mbjb `f efdfahrf ah `hmgh hd h` tr-pomb, mbdaomobdfdth pfrf duhstrbs tfjcbs.Hdtbdmhs f` mbdsujb ah jfthrof shmf tfj-cod sh sujfd `fs hxoehdmofs ah jfdthdo-johdtb y prbaummod quh f su vhz rhquohrhd

ah fèudf hdtrfaf faomobdf` ah dutrohdthsf trfvs ah nbrrflhs, mbd `b quh sh pfsf f `fsup`hjhdtfmod.

Hd `f mfòafa ah cf`fdmhfabs, fs, hsdhmhsfrob mbdbmhr qu m`fsh ah cf`fdmhf-abs rhquorhd `fs vfmfs y pfrf hsb, gfy quhmbdbmhr f `fs vfmfs y mu` hs `f mfòafa ah`fòjhdtb vbùjodbsb.

Shmbra quh h` nbrrflh hs `f cfsh ah `ffòjhdtfmod, `f nudmod ah` cf`fdmhfab hsmbjp`hjhdtfr h` nbrrflh, prbpbrmobdfdab`bs dutrohdths quh h` fòjhdtb vbùjodbsbdb tohdh.

Nodf`jhdth hxpusb fèudbs hlhjp`bs,f` rhfòzfr hlhrmomobs mbd vfmfs ah 88; io-`berfjbs ah phsb, mbd 63; afs ah prbaum-

mod mbd udbs 3; òtrbs y btrfs mbd =mbd fòjhdtfmod ah pfstb aurb (Crvohlf), mbd prbthdf cflf, nrhdth f dumbd btrbs so`flhs.

Fcbe pbr `tojb pbr `f dhmhstrfcflfr jhdbr hd `f mfdtoafa ah prfs mbjb h` astmot ah` hstdafr ah hhd `fs cb`sfs bnrhmoafs f` tfjchrb.

Sbaroeb Mbstfbnrhdomf mgfr f hd f NM



D H E B M O B ]

Hd h` soeuohdth frtmu`b quohrb rh-ffihxobdfr crhvhjhdth sbcrh `f rhf-

òafa ah` Mgfmb pfrfeufyb, vohdabhsth mbjb ud rhmursb odhxp`brfaby hd jumgbs fsphmtbs b`voafab. H`

Mgfmb, mbd sus 78 fbs ah shr gfcotfab,juhstrf fmtuf`jhdth ud erfd pbthdmof`hd `f prbaummod ferbphmufrof. ohrrf quhpfrf jumgbs hrf ojpbsoc`h ah `fcrfr, prb-aumh gby erfd mfdtoafa ah `f prbaummodtbtf` dfmobdf`. Hd fquh``f vhz, hd [frfeufypbsoc`hjhdth dfaoh sh ojfeodfcf quh h`

H@ MGFMB

Xd rhmursb odhxp`brfab

Mgfmb hd h` fb 3;63 shr udb ah `bs erfd-

ahs mhdtrbs hmbdjombs ah` pfs.H` Mgfmb f`chref gby f aonhrhdths mu`-turfs quh vovhd pfmstmfjhdth hd udf jos-jf tohrrf. Hstb db hs jrotb ah udf sb`fmu`turf b ah fèudfs pbmfs phrsbdfs, sodbmfaf mu`turf y mfaf phrsbdf quh gf `fcu-rfab (ehdhrfdab prbaummod) hd h` Mgfmbjhrhmh ud rhmbdbmojohdtb. H` Mgfmb mbdsu odthrhsfdth mòjf y mbdaomobdhs hxtrh-jfs quh f` shr gujfdb jumgfs vhmhs pbdhfdth sotufmobdhs quh afd `f pbsocoòafa pfrfhxphrojhdtfr y cusmfr sbùmobdhs, hs duhs-

trf mfsf. Hd h``f dbs shdtojbs cohd, mbjpfrtohdab y trfcflfdab.

H` Mgfmb, mfso hd su tbtfòafa, hs gcotfc`h pfrf h` shr gujfdb. Hs aonhrhdmbjb hd jumgbs btrbs pfshs. Db thdhjjbdtffs, hsthrbs u btrbs h`hjhdtbs d

turf`hs quh dbs ojpoahd gfcotfr `f tohrHstb soedostmf quh hxosth `f pbsocoòafa gfcoòtfr prmtomfjhdth tbaf `f suphrmoh pfrf `f prbaummod. [br hsf rfzd rhafmtfrbd `hyhs pfrf prbthehr mohrtfs hphmohs dfturf`hs y, pfrmof`jhdth, `fs rhdbrjf`hs, 38% pfrf rhshrvfs y `fs mbrtodrbjphvohdtbs. Hd cfsh f hsb ahch fvfzfr h` ahsfrrb``b. Bmurrh quh `tojfjhdjumgbs sh prhbmupfd pbr h` fvfdmh ahnrbdthrf ferbphmufrof. Lustostmfab hd zbdfs abdah db sh rhsphtf fs hyhs. [hrbmbdaomobdhs dbrjf`hs db pbahjbs pf

h` ahsfrrb``b y jfdthdhr h` rhstb ah` Mgfmbjb udf rhshrvf ah dfaoh. ]fchjbs gbquh tohrrf mbd cbsquh, quh db tohdh aub, hs sohjprh ud pudtb ah mbdffiomtb hdaonhrhdths erupbs y phrsbdfs. @f pb`ty `f oahb`bef hd h` pfs db hstd prhprfafs pfrf jfdthdhr hxthdsfs suphrstmcbsmbsfs quh sorvhd mbjb rhshrvfs b pfquhs dfmobdf`hs. Hlhjp`bs gfy. F dbsbtr`bs efdfahrbs y feromu`tbrhs sh dbs mu`shr ahstrumtbrhs. [hrb, mbjb puhc`b pfreufyb quhrhjbs prberhsfr tbabs. @bs qvovhd hd `f mouafa mbjb tfjcod `bs q

vovhd hd h` mfjpb. @f ehdth quh vovh hdmouafa vovh ah `b quh h` prbaumtbr prbamh hd h` mfjpb. H` prbaumtbr dhmhsotf fehdth ah `f mouafa pfrf jfdunfmturfr sprbaumtbs. Db gfy dfaf mbjhstoc`h hdmouafa quh db prbvohdh ah` mfjpb. Dojs phquhf mgopf sh puhah prbaumor quh h` prbaumtbr hd h` mfjpb gfyf prbamoab. Db pbahjbs pfrfr `f nrbdthrf ferphmufrof, sodb ahchjbs ahsfrrb``fr h` pah fmuhrab f `fs `hyhs quh hxosthd. Gfsgby, doded pfs odaustrofòzfab, ahsfrr

[br


57/80

``fab, gf pfrfab ud prbmhsb ah ahsfrrb``b.Hs udf utbpf, quh `f jfybr pfrth ah Mgf-mb ahchrf quhafr cflb cbsquh dftovb.

@bs ùefrhs ah trfcflb sbd hsmfsbs hdduhstrb pfs y dbsbtrbs dbs afjbs h` ùlb ahpfrfr prbmhsbs ah prbaummod y aosjoduor

ùefrhs ah hjp`hbs. ]hfjbs mbdsmohdths ahquh so hxosth `f pbsocoòafa ah trfcflfr hdduhstrb pfs, ahchjbs fprbvhmgfr hstb ycusmfr js hjp`hbs fd.

Mbd h` fvfdmh ah `f nrbdthrf ferbph-mufrof hs èomb quh sh gfcoòth jo`hs ahghmtrhfs ah tohrrf pfrf ojp`fdtfr `f pfs-turf y hjphzfr f `fcrfr h` suh`b. Hstb hdh` vbmfcu`frob vuèfr sh ` `fjf ahsjbdth.H` ahsjbdth db hs doded shmrhtb, yf quhhs h` trfcflb odomof` y quoz h` trfcflb jsphsfab pfrf gfcoòtfr ud thrrhdb. Hs mohrtbquh hd ud jhs sh tujcf mfdtoafahs ah r-

cb`hs y fdojf`hs pohrahd su gcotft, phrb,db hs hstb ud prbmhsb dfturf` quh mfrfm-throzf f `f gujfdoafa ahsah quh hst hdhstf tohrrf2 Fg abdah hst sotufaf duhstrfmfpotf` Fsudmod, hd fèd af tfjcod hrfud rhf mucohrtb ah rcb`hs erfdahs abd-ah gfcotfcfd puhc`bs odaehdfs y jumgbsfdojf`hs so`vhstrhs. Gby af hstbs puhc`bsodaehdfs vovhd hd `f bro``f ah `f mouafa hdmbdaomobdhs pbr `bs muf`hs dfaoh quohrh rhs-pbdsfcoòzfrsh.

Hd `bs tohjpbs pfsfabs `bs puhc`bs jsprojotovbs òjpofrbd h` suh`b pfrf shjcrfr

shjo``fs y prbaumor fèb pfrf mbjhr. [brhsb mrhhjbs y hstfjbs mbdvhdmoabs quh gf-coòtfr tohrrfs hd h` Mgfmb db hs ud phrluo-mob quh hstfjbs gfmohdab f `f gujfdoafa.Mfaf udb quh db mujp`h `f `hy, ahch sunror`fs mbdshmuhdmofs. @f `hy hs h` brefdosjbquh tohdh pbthstfa sbcrh muf`quohr odnrfm-mod quh sh hst mbjhtohdab hd h` pfs ypfrf fpbyfr f `bs quh trftfd ah mujpòr`fy fpòmfr hd prmtomf `b quh sh `h hxoeh ah`fs odstotumobdhs hstftf`hs. Db pbahjbspfrfr `f prbaummod hd h` Mgfmb. @f ehd-th gf trfcflfab aurb pfrf sbcrhvovor gfstf

gby af y gf odvhrtoab jumgb mfpotf` hd h`mfjpb. _ gfejbdbs `f soeuohdth prheud-tf9 qu hs jhlbr quh odvhrtor h` aodhrb hd `fprbaummod2 Ojfedhdsh so `bs hjprhsfrobsahpbsotfd tbafs sus efdfdmofs hd udf muhd-tf cfdmfrof y gfmhd su voaf ah `bs odthrhshsquh `h ehdhrf hsth aodhrb. Vuod thdarud prbvhmgb ah hsth aodhrb2 H` hjprhsf-rob y su nfjoòf. _ dfaoh js. Vu gfrdtbafs hsfs phrsbdfs quh dudmf thdard `f

bpbrtudoafa ah fcror ud dhebmob y vhdahrfèd prbaumtb, mbdsoahrfdab quh thdhjbsud jhrmfab juy òjotfab2 Vuod afr fmbjhr f `bs odaehdfs ah` Mgfmb quh dbquohrhd y db vovord js hd h` jbdth mbjbso`vmb`fs yf quh h` [frfeufy sh hst movo-

òzfdab y sh hst prhpfrfdab pfrf shr udbah `bs jfybrhs prbaumtbrhs ah prbaumtbsferbphmufrobs hd h` judab2 Ah adah h`hstfab y `fs BDEs fjcohdtfòstfs y gu-jfdostfs rhmochd sus stdfdzfs pfrf pbahrhxostor2 [rbvohdhd ah `f prbaummod, quozah ud pfs hurbphb quh trftf ah jotoefr susojpfmtbs dheftovbs f` fjcohdth mbd hdvofrfèudbs pbmbs Hurbs, quh fqu hd duhstrbpfs vf`hd jumgb, f udf BDE quh hstbcòefab f prhshdtfr pbr `b jhdbs sbcrhpfph` fèudfs fmtovoafahs quh hst gfmohd-ab pfrf prbthehr h` jhaob fjcohdth. [frfr

`f prbaummod hs oeuf` f rhtrbmhahr, yf quhduhstrbs vhmodbs fvfdzfrd.Fgbrf `fs odstotumobdhs pcòmfs y f`-

eudfs BDEs fjcohdtfòstfs aord9 phrbdb ahsjbdtfr hd hstfs jfedotuahs mbjbbmurrh fmtuf`jhdth! Dbsbtrbs `bs mgfquh-bs hstfjbs juy aospuhstbs f rhsphtfr `fs`hyhs quh roehd, yf quh sbd `hyhs cuhdfs.@hy 133/5=, @hy 3?1/?=, @hy =83/?1 pfrfjhdmobdfr fèudbs. Hsfs `hyhs sh ahchmujpòr y pfrf `f stsmfòzfmod ah `fs òmhd-mofs hxpuhstfs, `f jhlbr nbrjf hs cusmfr hàof`beb mbd h` prbaumtbr y ``hefr f ud mbd-

shdsb quh hs fmhptfc`h hd h` jfrmb ah `f `hypfrf bs abs. ]o f @hy =;;6/3;;> nuhrf udf`hy quh nudmobdf, `bs prbaumtbrhs hstfrfdjs f nfvbr fd ah ahlfr `bs 38% mbjb rh-shrvf ah cbsquh dftovb. Fqu quohrb odvotfrf hstuaofr `f @hy =;;6/3;;>.

H` Mgfmb pfrfeufyb tohdh udf suphrst-moh tbtf` ah 31.>?3.8;; gf. [frquhs dfmob-df`hs, rhshrvfs provfafs y ud jbdujhdtbdfturf` mbjpbdhd udf suphrstmoh tbtf` ah6.?15.85> gf. ]o fahjs mfaf udb ah `bsquh gfcoòtfd tohrrfs ahlf sus 38% ah rhshr-vf nbrhstf` mbjb hxoeh `f `hy 133/5= b rh-

nbrhstf su pfrth, thdarhjbs btrf suphrstmohah 8.>7>.3=6 gf ah jbdth. ]ujfdab f hstb`fs nrfdlfs rbjph vohdtbs quh mbdstotuyhdfprbxojfafjhdth ud 68% ah `f suphrstmohtbtf`, =.166.5=7 gf, thdarhjbs ud tbtf` ahjbdth ah 66.;18.818 gf ah jbdth dftovbhd h` Mgfmb. Hstb rhprhshdtf ud 11,5% ahtbab h` thrrotbrob mgfquhb. F hstb sh sujf`fs nrfdlfs ah prbthmmod f` mbstfab ah `bsrhmursbs garombs quh rhsu`tfd fèudbs

pbrmhdtflhs js y sh ahch rhstfr `b mfjodbs y rutfs. Mbd hstb quohrb aquh f` stdf` jfdthdarhjbs udf erfdafa ah ghmtrhfs cbsmbsfs. _ mbjb jhdmobdfab hd btrfs bmfsobdhs, mbh` mujpòjohdtb ah hstb db sh puhambd rhsbùmobdhs ghmgfs hd `f mfpotsh ahch or f` sotob josjb y vhr `f rhfhdtrfr hd aof`beb mbd `bs prbaumtbr

Hd `bs fbs 7; y ?;, hsphmofòsshmtbr fjcohdtf` dbs prbnhtozfrbd qahsfrrb``b soef h` rotjb, h` Mgfmb

vhrtorf hd ud ahsohr tb pfrf h` 3;6;`f nhmgf fmtuf` db `b thdhjbs, tfjpodaomobs ah hstb. @b mbdtrfrob, h` Mud pfrfsb mbd udf nfudf y ffibrf odthf phsfr ah` ahsfrrb``b quh sh ``hvf `fdth.

Vuhrhjbs ud Mgfmb abdah ghdtrh sbmohafahs, rhdtfcoòafa, mfmfdtoafa hd `f prbaummod, mbdsoahrfjcohdth hd quh vovojbs.

[rbaummod efdfahBhsth ah Mgfmb, lud

[rbaummod efdfahrBhsth ah Mgfmb, hd

[rbaummod efdfahrf hBhsth ah Mgfmb, nhcrh



H W [ B S B A H B O ] @ F [ B O

37 HAOMOD AH @F JXH]QSF MGFVXHF

H m ojf db ahco otff `f Hxpb Os`f [bo

F phsfr ah f odmhrtoaujcrh quh mfus hd f ehdth fs odudafmobdhsrheostrfafs hd cuhdf pfrth ah` thrrotbrob mgfquhb, odmùoaf f zbdfmhdtrf`, h` ahsfrrb``b ferbphmufrob ah` Mgfmb db mbdbmh ah pfusfs.H` trfcflb mbdtoduf, y ludtb f sth, `fs hxpbsomobdhs efdfahrfs. Fs,hd jhaob ah ud hsmhdfrob mòjtomb odnrhmuhdth, sh rhfòz `

pecuaria y negocios - aÑo 8 - numero 95 - junio 2012 - paraguay - portalguarani

Documents