derechos humanos en paraguay - 2011 - codehupy - portalguarani

7/21/2019 DERECHOS HUMANOS EN PARAGUAY - 2011 - CODEHUPY - PORTALGUARANI

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http://www.portalguarani.com/http://www.portalguarani.com/


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HFRFOJ@_ JVKDG@_ FG YDRDLVD^ 7 29444

Fhntd

O``rhngdh`rd hf Hfrfoj`s Jukdg`s hfc Ydrdludy

Odptuc` Ydrdludy` hf cd Ycdtde`rkd Ngtfrdkfrnodgd hf

Hfrfoj`s Jukdg`s Hfkòrdond y Hfsdrr`cc` (YNHJHH)

FFVV 48?4 f/ Dvdy y C`kds Udcfgtngds, Dsugong Ydrdludy

o`hfjupyIo`hfjupy.`rl / www.o`hfjupy.`rl

Fqunp` Fhnt`r1

O``rhngdong Lfgfrdc1 Odrkfg O`r`gfc Yr`skdgO`rrfoong1_tfccd Kdrns OdodofO`rrfoong hf fstnc` y fhnt`r1 Cuns Vljfccn_forftdrd1 Cùrhfs Rò` Odbdds LnkgfzHnsf` y Hndlrdkdong1 Kdrtd Lnkgfz y R`ssdgd Ydgndlud, O`kugnodong Unsudc.E`t`lrdeds1 lfgtncfzds hf1 Hndrn` CXNKD J@RD. _foong Q@@K hf [email protected]@K,Advnfr Bdrrnfgt`s y HFONHDK@_, Odkpdd _ng Fxousd.

Nkprfsng1Fhnt`rd Cntò`c`rYrnkfrd fhnong1 hnonfkbrf 2944Xnrdhd1 2999 fafkpcdrfs

Fstg dut`rnzdh`s fc us` y cd hnvucldong p`r oudcqunfr kfhn` hfc o`gtfghnh` hf fstf cnbr`, snfkprf quf sf ontf cd eufgtf.Fc o`gtfgnh` hf c`s drtouc`s fs hf rfsp`gsdbncnhdh hf cds dut`rds y c`s dut`rfs, y g` rfecfad gfofsdrndkfgtf cd p`sturdhf O`hfjupy, hf cds `rldgnzdon`gfs pdrtnonpdgtfs gn hf cds fgtnhdhfs o``pfrdgtfs.

Fc us` hf ug cfgludaf g` sfxnstd fs ug ngtfrs hf cd O`hfjupy, p`r c` quf fc orntfrn` fhnt`rndc jd snh` g`kbrdr fg kdsou-cng` y fg efkfgng` oudgh` o`rrfsp`ghd. _f jd busodh` utncnzdr ug cfgludaf quf g` hnsornkngf d gnglg lrup` jukdg`,pdrtnoucdrkfgtf d cds pfrs`gds o`g hnsodpdonhdh, vnvnfgh` o`g UNJ y _NHD, pufbc`s nghlfgds, der`pdrdludy`s y der`pd-rdludyds, hf `rnfgtdon`gfs f nhfgtnhdhfs sfxudcfs hnvfrsds, cds efkngnstds y d dqufccds `rldgnzdon`gfs quf trdbdadg o`gfccds, ds o`k` cd rfnvnghnodong hfc ludrdg o`k` nhn`kd ènondc y fc rfo`gònknfgt` hf cds hnvfrsnhdhfs oucturdcfs.

Cd fcdb`rdong, cd fhnong y cd nkprfsng hf fstf kdtfrndc eufr`g p`snbcfs lrdonds d cd o``pfrdong y fc dp`y` hf Hndm`gnd Doong Foukgnod _ufod , fc O`knt Odtcno` o`gtrd fc Jdkbrf y pdrd fc Hfsdrr`cc` (OOEH, p`r su snlcd fg erdgos), cd@rldgnzdong Ngtfrfocfsnstnod pdrd cd O``pfrdong dc Hfsdrr`cc` (NOO@), cd Dlfgond Fspd`cd hf O``pfrdong Ngtfrgdon`-gdc dc Hfsdrr`cc` (DFONH), cd @enongd hf cd Dctd O`knsn`gdhd hf cd Gdon`gfs Vgnhds pdrd c`s Hfrfoj`s Jukdg`s (@DOHJ),fc E`gh` hf Y`bcdong hf cds Gdon`gfs Vgnhds (VGEYD), Vgng Fur`pfd, fc Ngstntut` hf Fstuhn`s Y`ctno`s pdrd DkrnodCdtngd y ernod (NFYDCD).

Cd prfsfgtf pubcnodong jd snh` fcdb`rdhd o`g cd dsnstfgond hf cd Vgng Fur`pfd. Fc o`gtfgnh` hf cd knskd fs rfsp`gsd-bncnhdh fxocusnvd hf cd O``rhngdh`rd hf hfrfoj`s Jukdg`s hfc Ydrdludy (O`hfjupy) y fg gnglg ods` hfbf o`gsnhfrdr-sf quf rfecfad c`s pugt`s hf vnstd hf cd Vgng Fur`pfd.

Ok` ontdr ug drtouc` hf fstf nge`rkf0

Dut`r/d hfc drtouc` (2944) Xtuc` hfc drtouc` fg1 O`hfjupy (2944) ^vyprd Hfroj`Ydrdlunpf Hfrfoj`s Jukdg`s fg Ydrdludy 2944. Dsugong1 O`hfjupy, pp ]Ylngd

hf ngnon`[-]Ylngd hf eng[.


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sn d kn pr`pn` gdofr v`cvnfrd pdrdrfk`hfcdr kns rdofs y hfspà`s,y tòdgh` fsf frndc hf eufl`s rà`skn pr`pn` `rnlfg, eufrtf, kf tdccdrd1

v`cvfrd d oukpcnr fc knsk` rnt`,v`cvfrd d odgtdr hfc knsk` k`h`,v`cvfrd d fspcfghfr fc knsk` g`kbrf.*

D Afrgnk` Nrdcd Burl`s, Aucng Oubds (+)

Kdfstr`s p`r vòdong y ènon`, sfkbrdr`g ncusn`gfs hf ug pds gufv`.

*Fc jna` hf cd Xnfrrd (erdlkfgt`), fg Fc s`c bda` cds rdofs. Fcvn` R`kfr`.


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@RLDGNQDON@GF_ YDRXNONYDGXF_

Hfrfoj`s Jukdg`s fg Ydrdludy 2944

Doong p`r c`s Hfrfoj`s hf Dhuctds y Dhuct`s Kdy`rfs (DHDK) Dnrfdgd, Lrup` p`r c`s hfrfoj`s hf cds cfsbndgds

Dcndgzd Gdon`gdc hf cd Odkpdd p`r cd O`gvfgong hf c`sHfrfoj`s _fxudcfs y c`s Hfrfoj`s Rfpr`huotnv`s

Dsòndong hf Avfgfs Rurdcfs Rfsnhfgtfs fg Dsugong

Dsòndong Xdtdrfghy

Dsòndong Vgnhds fg cd Fspfrdgzd (VGF_)

Bdsf Ngvfstnldon`gfs _òndcfs (Bdsf N_)

Ofgtr` hf Hfsdrr`cc`, Jbntdt y Kfhn` Dkbnfgtf (Ofhfs/Jbntdt)

Ofgtr` hf Hòukfgtdong y Fstuhn`s (OHF)

Ofgtr` hf Ngvfstnldong Kuctnhnsonpcngdrnd pdrd fc Hfsdrr`cc` (ONKHF)

O`dcnong Ydrdludyd p`r cd Hnvfrsnhdh Oucturdc

O`knt hf Dkrnod Cdtngd y fc Odrnbf pdrd cd Hfefgsd hfc`s Hfrfoj`s hf cd Kuafr OCDHFK Ydrdludy

O`knt hf Nlcfsnds pdrd Dyuhds hf Fkfrlfgond (ONYDF)

O``rhngdh`rd p`r c`s Hfrfoj`s hf cd Ngedgond y cd Dh`cfsofgond (OHND) Hfonhdk`s Odkpdd p`r cd Fxprfsng Onuhdhdgd

E`r` Yfrkdgfgtf hf _dcuh Kfgtdc

Eughdong Ofcfstngd Yrfz hf Dckdhd

Eughdong Ufgofr

Eughdong ^vy Kdrf

Ngstntut` hf Fstuhn`s O`kpdrdh`s fg OnfgondsYfgdcfs y _òndcfs Ydrdludy (Ngfonp-Yy)

K`vnknfgt` hf @bafong hf O`gonfgond - Ydrdludy (K@O-Yy)

K`vnknfgt` Gdon`gdc p`r fc Hfrfoj` d cd _dcuh

Kusf` hf cds Kfk`rnds1 Hnotdhurd y Hfrfoj`s Jukdg`s hf Dsugong

Rfh Ydrdludyd hf Der`hfsofghnfgtfs

_frvnon` Ydz y Austnond Ydrdludy (_FRYDA-Yy)

_nghnodt` hf Yfrn`hnstds hfc Ydrdludy (_YY)

_`brfvnvfgond, Dknl`s hf cd Xnfrrd - Ydrdludy

Xdpfd Xnfrrdvnvd d c`s pufbc`s nghlfgds hfc Ojdo`


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GHNOF

YRF_FGXDONG >

DGCN_N_ HF O@^VGXVRD

Uyd ludsu bnofgtfgdrn` pf 4?Dgcnsns hf O`yugturd Y`ctnod

Cngf Bdrfnr` (OHF)

Orfonknfgt`, hfsnludchdh, p`brfzd y Fstdh` ngtfrvfgt`r 26Cncd K`cngnfr (Xdpfid)

Fc hneonc odkng` jdond cd Ufrhdh 8


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Nr y vfgnr o`g hfrfoj`s 4??_`brf knlrdong y hfrfoj`s jukdg`s

Ydtrnon` H`brf (OHF) y Lrup` hf Xrdbda` s`brfKnlrdon`gfs hf cd YNHJHH

_`k`s ks hf 49: 48?_ntudong hf c`s HH.JJ. hf Cfsbndgds, Ldys, Bnsfxudcfs,Xrdgslgfr`s f Ngtfrsfx (CLXBN)

Odr`cngd R`bcfh` (Dnrfdgd, lrup` p`r c`s hfrfoj`s hf cds cfsbndgds)

Ngtflrdr dcndgzds pdrd c`lrdr fkp`hfrdknfgt` y vnsnbncnhdh 46Ldrdgtnzdr dcnkfgt`s sdcuhdbcfs pdrd t`hds y t`h`s fxnlfodkbn`s fstruoturdcfs

Kncfgd Yfrfnrd Eumu`md (Bdsf N_)

Fc dlud1 bnfg nrrfoupfrdbcf= o`kpr`kns`s dsuknh`s,rfsp`gsdbncnhdhfs fg fspfrd 244

Knrtjd Bdrfnr` (_`brfvnvfgond Dknl`s hf cd Xnfrrd Ydrdludy)

Yds`s dhfcdgtf, pds`s pdrd dtrs 226Hfrfoj` d cd fhuodong

Rdkg O`rvdcg (_frpdaYy)

Jdond fc dendgzdknfgt` hf c`s hfrfoj`s oucturdcfs 2?6O`dcnong Ydrdludyd p`r cd Hnvfrsnhdh Oucturdc (OYHO)

Ngspfoong hfc trdbda` h`kstno` dgtf cd ngvn`cdbncnhdh hfc h`knoncn` 284Lrdonfcd Dzo`gd

Unvnfghd y odcnhdh hf vnhd1 ug fsqufkd fg o`gstruoong 264_ncvn` R`s (ONYDF), Fkkd Lncc (OHF_ / Jbntdt)

Oufgtd rflrfsnvd pdrd Cul` y cd Rfe`rkd Dlrdrnd 256Fcsy Ufrd y Tungtg Rnqufckf (OHF)


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Ocyhf _`t` (OHF)

ODYXVC@ 61 HFRFOJ@ D CD UNHD F NGXFLRNHDH YFR_@GDC

_ng rfspufstds snlgnenodtnvds hfshf fc Fstdh` 89>Fafouon`gfs fxtrdauhnondcfs y hfsdpdrnon`gfs e`rzdhds

Odrc`s Y`rtncc`

Ngdofptdbcf hfsngtfrs fstdtdc fg fc db`rhdaf hf

cd pr`bcfktnod hf cd t`rturd 84>Audg D. Kdrtfgs y R`quf D. @rrfl` (NgfonpYy)

Yròfs`s hf kncntdrnzdong fg orfonknfgt`, knfgtrds,hfrfoj`s jukdg`s fg rftròfs` 82>Hfrfoj` d cd pdz y dc hfsdrkf

Unhdc Dofvfh` (_frpdaYy) y K@OYy

ODYXVC@ 51 HFRFOJ@_ LFGFRDON@GDCF_

Nkp`rtdgtfs dvdgofs, pfr` kuoj` dg p`r rfs`cvfr 88Dconhfs Rdkrfz (Dsòndong hf Avfgfs Rurdcfs Rfsnhfgtfs fg Dsugong)

Hfrfoj`s hf cds y c`s Dhuct`s Kdy`rfs1 Fgtrf fc tnfkp`quf g` sf hftnfgf y cd hnlgnhdh quf gugod ccfld 85


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YRF_FGXDONG

O`k` hfshf jdof 45 d`s, cd O``rhngdh`rd hf Hfrfoj`s Jukdg`s hfc Ydrdludy(O@HFJVY^) jd t`kdh` fc o`kpr`kns` dgudc hf fcdb`rdr y hneughnr ug Nge`rkfs`brf cd sntudong hf c`s Hfrfoj`s Jukdg`s fg Ydrdludy. Hnoj` o`kpr`kns` sfjd o`gstntunh`, hfshf sus ngnon`s, fg ug rfcfvdknfgt` y dgcnsns hf c`s dvdgofs,fstdgodknfgt`s y rftròfs`s hf fst`s hfrfoj`s fg fc pds. Fs ds quf, tfgnfgh` fgoufgtd quf fc fefotnv` hnserutf hf c`s hfrfoj`s jukdg`s fs ug pròfs` o`gtngu`y quf p`r fcc`, cd kfhnong hf hnoj` hnserutf y lòf tdkbng hfbf sfr o`gtngud, fsquf jfk`s rfdcnzdh` ugd `bsfrvdong y vnlncdgond o`gstdgtf dc Fstdh` pdrdludy`,

qunfg fs fc ldrdgtf hfc oukpcnknfgt` hf c`s knsk`s. Fstf k`gnt`rf`, g`s pfrkntnvfr fg fc trdgsours` hfc d`, quf c`s hfrfoj`s jukdg`s, tdgt` onvncfs y p`ctno`so`k` c`s fo`gkno`s, sòndcfs y oucturdcfs dsuknh`s d trdvs hf Xrdtdh`s y O`g-vfgon`gfs tdgt` d gnvfc rfln`gdc o`k` ugnvfrsdc snlufg ngoukpcnh`s pdrd bufgdpdrtf hf cd p`bcdong. Hfbfk`s sng fkbdrl`, rfsodtdr dclug`s pfquf`s jfoj`sdcfgtdh`rfs, quf sf o`gstntuyfg fg tfguds cuofs hf fspfrdgzd1 cd ngvntdong dbnfrtdy pfrkdgfgtf quf kdgtnfgf fc Fstdh` pdrdludy` d hnvfrs`s rldgnsk`s hf HHJJ,c` quf pfrkntn cd vnsntd hf cd Dctd O`knsn`gdhd Dhaugtd pdrd c`s HHJJ, _rd. Myugl-wjd Mdgl fg fc kfs hf òtubrf= cd hfc Rfcdt`r Fspfondc s`brf cnbfrtdh hf rfcnlng` orffgonds, sf`r Jfngfr Bnfcfefcht hfc 2? dc ?9 hf kdrz` y fg cd prnkfrd qung-ofgd hfc kfs hf hnonfkbrf cd hf cd Rfcdt`rd Fspfondc o`gtrd cd Y`brfzd Fxtrfkd,_rd. Kdlhdcfgd _fpcvfhd Odrk`gd. Xdkbng sf jd tfgnh` cd vnsntd fg fc kfs hfdl`st`, hf cd Yrfsnhfgtd hf cd O`knsng Ngtfrdkfrnodgd hf HHJJ (ONHJ) cd sf`rdHngdj _jfct`g do`kpddhd hfc Rfcdt`r Fspfondc pdrd Ydrdludy, fc sf`r A`s hfAfss @r`zo`. Fg t`hds fccds cd sònfhdh onvnc jd tfgnh` ugd dotnvnhdh hfstdodhd,jdbngh`sf ccfldh` d cd enrkd hf Doufrh`s hf s`cuong dknst`sd fg vdrn`s ods`sprfsfgtdh`s dgtf cd Ngstdgond rfln`gdc, hgh`sf pugt` engdc d ods`s quf ccfvdbdgd`s fg fc snstfkd. Fg oukpcnknfgt` hf hnoj`s doufrh`s, fc Fstdh` jd dsuknh` surfsp`gsdbncnhdh y jd s`cnontdh` hnsoucpds pbcnods d cds votnkds y/` edkncndrfs hf

votnkds, o`kpr`kftngh`sf d `trds prfstdon`gfs fg c`s hnefrfgtfs ods`s.Fstf k`gnt`rf` pfrkdgfgtf pfrkntn dhfks, fg fc prfsfgtf d`, quf sf jdydgfcdb`rdh` vdrn`s Nge`rkfs dctfrgdtnv`s d rfp`rtfs ènondcfs dgtf hnefrfgtfs kfod-gnsk`s hf Gdon`gfs Vgnhds1 fc prfsfgtdh` dgtf fc O`knt o`gtrd cd HnsornkngdongRdondc (OFRH), fc O`knt pdrd cd Fcnkngdong hf t`hds cds e`rkds hf Hnsornkngdongo`gtrd cd Kuafr (OFHD\) y fc O`knt o`gtrd cd X`rturd (ODX). Fg t`h`s fst`s ods`s,dpdrtf hf cd fcdb`rdong, o`gaugtdkfgtf o`g `trds `rldgnzdon`gfs ngtflrdgtfs `g` hf O@HFJVY^ sf pdrtnonp tdkbng hfc fxdkfg dc Fstdh`, rfdcnzgh`sf hffstd kdgfrd cd vnlncdgond onuhdhdgd o`rrfsp`ghnfgtf.

X`h`s c`s d`s, fc pròfs` hfc Nge`rkf sf o`gstntuyf fg ug fspdon` hf rfecfxng,fgrnqufonhd pfrkdgfgtfkfgtf o`g c`s vdcn`s`s dp`rtfs hf c`s dut`rfs y dut`rds,qunfgfs, o`g su o`kpr`kns` y o`cdb`rdong o`gstdgtf ds o`k` o`g su trdbda`


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s`cvfgtf y v`cugtdrn`, g`s jdg pfrkntnh` dprfghfr ortnodkfgtf d trdvs hf c`sd`s y jdofr quf fstf Nge`rkf sdcld d cd cuz y tfgld cd sfrnfhdh quf cd odrdotfrnzd,o`gstntuygh`sf fg eufgtf hf o`gsuctd dut`rnzdhd tdgt` d gnvfc gdon`gdc o`k`ngtfrgdon`gdc pdrd qunfgfs busodg nge`rkdong prfonsd s`brf cd sntudong hf c`shfrfoj`s jukdg`s fg fc pds.

Rfo`gòfk`s y vdc`rdk`s fc ngfstnkdbcf o`kpr`kns` y o`cdb`rdong o`g cd vn-lfgond hf c`s hfrfoj`s jukdg`s fg Ydrdludy, hf cds 2> `rldgnzdon`gfs pdrtnon-pdgtfs ds o`k` hf c`s 86 dut`rds y dut`rfs. Fg fstd fhnong, c`s 82 drtouc`s yc`s dgcnsns hf cd o`yugturd p`ctnod y fo`gknod g`s pr`p`ron`gdg ugd knrdhdo`kpcftd hfc doon`gdr fstdtdc d trdvs hf p`ctnods pbcnods, dhfoudong cflnscdtnvdy dpcnodong fefotnvd hf cd cfy. Fstf d`, jfk`s ngo`rp`rdh` dclug`s drtouc`sp`r prnkfrd vfz1 fc hf Cnbfrtdh Rfcnln`sd, fg rfdenrkdong dc Fstdh` cdno`= fc hfKfk`rnd, tfgnfgh` fg oufgtd c`s 299 d`s hf vnhd nghfpfghnfgtf y cd gfofsnhdhhfc rfsodtf y vdc`rdong hf cd jnst`rnd rfonfgtf y fc hf Ydrtnonpdong Y`ctnod hf

cds Kuafrfs fg rfo`rhdong d c`s 69 d`s hf cd ngstdurdong hfc v`t` efkfgng`.Xdkbng sf jd ngocunh` ug drtouc` quf prfsfgtd cd o`gstruoong hf Nghnodh`rfshf HHJJ, rfdcnzdh` fg fc kdro` hf ug Yr`yfot` oèngdgondh` p`r Hndm`gnd y cdVgng Fur`pfd y quf prftfghfk`s sfd utncnzdh` fg fc snlunfgtf Nge`rkf hf HHJJ,hf kdgfrd d rfdcnzdr fc sflunknfgt` kfthno` hfc oukpcnknfgt` hf c`s hfrfoj`sjukdg`s fg Ydrdludy.

O`g fc cfkd YDRDLVD^ 299 D@_1 G@ KD_ RFXR@OF_@_. JDOND CD UNLFG-OND YCFGD HF C@_ HHJJ cd O@HFJVY^ rfsodtd fc Bnofgtfgdrn` hf cd Nghfpfg-hfgond Gdon`gdc, rfocdkdgh` dc Fstdh` fc lòf fefotnv` y pcfg` hf c`s hfrfoj`s

jukdg`s pdrd t`hds y t`h`s. Dsnknsk`, rfntfrd ugd vfz ks su dhjfsng d ugdoucturd hf pdz y g` vn`cfgond y o`ghfgd oudcqunfr dtfgtdh` d cd vnhd, d cd ngtflrnhdhy d cd cnbfrtdh pfrs`gdc.

Fg cd prfsfgtf fhnong, rfghnk`s ug j`kfgdaf pstuk` d h`s pfrs`gds quf, o`gsu tfstnk`gn` hf vnhd jdg kdrodh` rukb`s fg cd cuojd p`r fst`s nhfdcfs fg e`rkdngodgsdbcf, hfshf c`s hnstngt`s kbnt`s fg c`s quf cfs tò ngtfrvfgnr1 fc Yrè. Hr.Afrgnk` Nrdcd Burl`s y fc sf`r Aucng Oubds, fg ouyds pfrs`gds cd O@HFJVY^rnghf j`kfgdaf, dhfks, d kncfs hf o`kpdtrn`tds quf hd d hd cuojdg p`r cd o`gs-truoong hf ugd sònfhdh ks hfkòrtnod, austd y s`cnhdrnd.

Engdckfgtf, qufrfk`s dlrdhfofr d cds Ngstntuon`gfs hf o``pfrdong ngtfrgdon`gdc,sng cds oudcfs g` jubnfsf snh` p`snbcf fstf Nge`rkf1 Hndm`gd, NOO@ y OOEH quf g`sdo`kpddr`g hfshf fc ngnon`= hfshf jdof ug`s d`s DFONH, Dyuhd fg Doong, fcVGEYD y cd @enongd hfc Dct` O`knsn`gdh` hf cds Gdon`gfs Vgnhds pdrd c`s HHJJ, dtrdvs hf su rfprfsfgtdong pfrkdgfgtf fg Ydrdludy, sukgh`sf fstf d` NFYD-CD (Ngstntut` hf Fstuhn`s Y`ctno`s pdrd Dkrnod Cdtngd y Dernod).

Odrkfg O`r`gfc Yr`skdg

_forftdrnd Fafoutnvd

O@HFJVY^


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DGCN_N_ HFO@^VGXVRD


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4?

Uyd ludsu bnofgtfgdrn` pf

O`k` odhd d`, cds `rldgnzdon`gfs ngtflrdgtfs hf cdO@HFJVY^ g`s jfk`s rfugnh` fg h`s `p`rtugnhdhfspdrd dgdcnzdr cd o`yugturd p`ctnod y cd o`yugturd

fo`gknod. Cd prnkfrd sfsng euf edoncntdhd p`r A`sOdrc`s R`hrlufz y tuv` ug gedsns fo`gkno`-sòndc.Fc sflugh` dgcnsns euf edoncntdh` p`r Cngf Bdrfnr` ytuv` ug gedsns p`ctno`. Fc trdbda` hf cd dut`rd hffstf drtouc` fs ks hf fsornbd quf hf orfdh`rd ydquf c` quf sf jdof fs ug fseufrz` p`r rfecfadr, hf cdkfa`r kdgfrd p`snbcf, fc dgcnsns o`gaugt` rfdcnzdh`p`r c`s y cds ngtflrdgtfs hf cds `rldgnzdon`gfs hf cdO@HFJVY^, dofrod hf cd o`yugturd p`ctnod, pfgsdgh`fg cds kdgfrds fg quf std defotd d cd pr`kòng yhfefgsd hf c`s hfrfoj`s jukdg`s fg fc Ydrdludy.

Cngf Bdrfnr`

Ofgtr` hf Hòukfgtdong y Fstuhn`s (OHF)


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O@^VGXVRD Y@CXNOD

46

F_OFGDRN@

Cd lrdg s`rprfsd hfc 48 hf Kdy`

Kdcjuk`rdh`s dghdbdg c`s pdrdludy`s d ngnon`s hf d` y d cds pdrdludyds g`g`s jdbd dcflrdh` gn snqunfrd sdbfr quf fc Ydrdludy frd ug` hf c`s pdsfs qufks jdbdg orfonh` fo`gknodkfgtf fg fc kugh`. Fs p`snbcf quf sf hfbnfrdd quf cd b`gdgzd g` ccfldbd jdond dbda`, ` p`rquf sf o`gsnhfrdbd quf fc l`-bnfrg` fg gdhd jdbd dp`rtdh` pdrd fsf orfonknfgt` fo`gkno`, quf t`h` frdkrnt` hf c`s sàfr`s, ldgdhfr`s, hfc fkprfsdrndh` prnvdh`. C` onfrt` fs quf gnmdn aflud4g`s lustdbd.

C`s dtdqufs dc Yrfsnhfgtf hf cd Rfpbcnod vfgdg hf t`h`s cdh`s, ` p`r c`kfg`s, hdbd fsd nkprfsng. Hfshf fc d` dgtfrn`r vfgd cd dousdong jdstdhf tfgfr ogofr y quf, dclunfg fgefrk`, c` quf hfbd jdofr frd rfgugondr, fgrfefrfgond dc ogofr cngetno` hfc prfsnhfgtf Cul`, quf dpdrfgtfkfgtf fst fgrfknsng. Fc trdbda` hfc Kngnstfrn` hf _dcuh Ybcnod hf ugnvfrsdcnzdr fc doofs`d c`s sfrvnon`s hf sdcuh kfhndgtf prngonpdckfgtf cd rfkòng hf c`s drdgofcfshf dtfgong y fc pr`lrdkd hf dtfgong prnkdrnd hf cd sdcuh (DY_), sf o`gvfrtdfg o`gsnhfrdr o`k` kfgtnrd cd lrdtunhdh hf cd dtfgong, yd quf g` hdg c`srfkfhn`s ` c` gno` quf jdofg fs`s khno`s y khnods fg cds o`kugnhdhfsfs ofgs`.

Fg eng, c` bufg` y c` kdc` frd k`tnv` pdrd tnrdr kdcd ghd. d t`h` fs` sf suk`tr` fstupfgh` k`tnv` hf kdcjuk`r1 fc bnofgtfgdrn` hf cd nghfpfghfgond hfcYdrdludy, quf sf oukpcd fc 48 hf kdy` hf 2944. Rfvnsdr cd prfgsd fg dbrnc ycd prnkfrd qungofgd hf kdy` pufhf hdr ugd nhfd hf cds kctnpcfs dousdon`gfss`brf fc kdc kdgfa` hf cd o`gkfk`rdong hf c`s 299 d`s hf vnhd nghfpfg-hnfgtf hfc Ydrdludy. Tuf c`s efstfa`s tfgdg ug fge`quf fcntnstd, quf g` frdngocuyfgtf, quf g` rfo`gòd d c`s drtnstds gdon`gdcfs, quf frd ug prfsupufst`kuy lrdghf s`brf fc oudc g` sf fstdbd rnghnfgh` oufgtd dhfoudhdkfgtf frdgdclug`s hf c`s hdrh`s. Fg fstf ods`, fc `baftnv` frdg fc Kngnstr` hf Oucturd,

Xnon` Fso`bdr tfrofr vnofprfsnhfgtf hf cd O`knsng Gdon`gdc hfc Bnofgtfgdrn` yKdrldrntd K`rsfccn, _forftdrnd Fafoutnvd hf hnojd o`knsng, fgodbfzdhd p`r c`stntucdrfs hf c`s trfs p`hfrfs hfc Fstdh`.

Yfr` fgtrf fc vnfrgfs 4? y cd kdhruldhd hfc cugfs 45 hf kdy`, fc pufbc`pdrdludy`2ngugh Dsugong. Gugod, fg c`s 299 d`s sf jdbd vnst` sfkfadg-tf enfstd p`pucdr. Fc ocouc` s`brf ougtd lfgtf jub`, vdrd fgtrf 699.999 y4.699.999 pfrs`gds. Fg cd gòjf hfc 48 hf kdy`, fgtrf fc Ydcdon` hf Cpfz

4 Fg ludrdg mdn aflud fs fc k`g` dh`rgdh`, quf frd efstfadh` p`r cd kdy`rd hf cd lfgtf, cd quf sf rfd o`g cdspnodrhds hfc k`g` ` oudgh` c` vfd bdncdr.

2 Cd dut`rd hf fstf dgcnsns g` usd usudckfgtf cd pdcdbrd pufbc` pfr` g` fgo`gtr kfa`r trkng` pdrd cd lrdg hnvfr-snhdh hf pfrs`gds quf efstfadr`g c`s 299 d`s hfc Ydrdludy nghfpfghnfgtf.
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y cd Ycdzd hf cd Hfkòrdond t`h` frd dcflrd dugquf yd g` sf p`hd doofhfr dbdrfs gn rfstdurdgtfs. Fc l`bnfrg` gdon`gdc, fc l`bnfrg` kugnonpdc hf cd odpntdc,pfrs`gds vnfads, avfgfs, gnds, dhuctds hf t`hds cds fhdhfs, d cd kfhndgòjffgtrf fc 48 y fc 46 fgt`gdr`g fc jnkg` gdon`gdc pdrdludy`.

Cd fgfrld p`sntnvd frd tdgtd quf puh` dvfgtdr t`hd fgfrld gfldtnvd, dc kfg`sp`r ug tnfkp`. ^ onfrtdkfgtf sf cfy o`k` ug lrdg p`hfr hf o`gvòdt`rnd hfcl`bnfrg` y ug dhfoudh` fge`quf hf c`s efstfa`s quf snlunfr`g o`g vyd ludsufg odhd odpntdc hfpdrtdkfgtdc hfc Ydrdludy. Fg rfdcnhdh dc fsornbnrsf fstdscgfds o`gtngdg dg c`s efstfa`s hfc ngnon` hf cd nghfpfghfgond. Y`rquf fsd euf`trd vnrtuh, sf c`lr vdc`rdr c`s 299 d`s, g` ug hd y ugd efojd s`cdkfgtf ysf buso j`grdr d jr`fs onvncfs augt` d c`s profrfs y jr`fs kncntdrfs y jdstdsf rfsodt hfc `cvnh` d kuafrfs profrfs o`k` Audgd Kdrd hf Cdrd y Edoughd_pfrdttn.

Ngtflrdon`gfs supfrpufstds ` cd bsqufhd hfc gufv` Fstdh`

Ydrd cd o`kugnhdh hf hfrfoj`s jukdg`s g` rfsuctd kuy eonc o`kprfghfr c`sdofcfrdh`s odkbn`s quf sf fstg pr`huonfgh` fg c`s Fstdh`s gdon`gdcfs. G`sf trdtd s`cdkfgtf hf cds dut`hfengnon`gfs, kuy rfcfvdgtfs p`r onfrt`, o`k`cd quf sf pufhf sflunr fg fc pròfs` b`cnvndg` quf sf hfocdr o`k` Fstdh`Ycurngdon`gdc, sng` ug odkbn` fg cd k`re`c`ld hf c`s Fstdh`s gdon`gdcfs. Fs`jdof rfefrfgond d c`s snstfkds hf ngtflrdong y cd ofsng hf s`bfrdgd quf

fcc` nkpcnod. Yfr` dhfks ok` defotd d c`s snstfkds hf hfrfoj`s jukdg`so`gstrunh`s o`g tdgt` fseufrz`.

Tu nkpcnod hfshf c`s hfrfoj`s jukdg`s cd orfdong hf cd O`kugnhdh hfFstdh`s hf Dkrnod Cdtngd y fc Odrnbf (OFCDO)0 _f trdtd hf ugd `rldgnzdongo`gtngfgtdc sng FFVV y Odgdh ` hnoj` fg `tr`s trkng`s hf ugd @FD sng c`srno`s hfc g`rtf, pfr` qu pdsd o`g fc snstfkd ngtfrdkfrnodg` hf pr`tfoonghf hfrfoj`s jukdg`s0 G` fs pò` dcdrkdgtf fc hfbncntdknfgt` hfc snstfkdquf nkpcnod cd ccdkk`scd hnpc`ktnodkfgtf, rfsnstfgond hfc Brdsnc hf ouk-

pcnr o`g ugd kfhnhd odutfcdr hnspufstd p`r cd O`knsng Ngtfrdkfrnodgd hfHfrfoj`s Jukdg`s (ONHJ) fg pr`tfoong hf o`kugnhdhfs nghlfgds hf cdOufgod hfc r` Zngl, fg rnfsl` p`r cd o`gstruoong hf cd usngd jnhr`fcotrnodhf Bfc` K`gtf. Fc Brdsnc, fgtrf `trds kuojds kfhnhds, ccfl d rftnrdr su fkbd-adh`r dgtf cd @FD y su odghnhdturd d ngtflrdr cd ONHJ. Fg fstf ods`, yd g` sftrdt hf ugd pdtdcftd hfc prfsnhfgtf Ojvfz fg o`gtrd hfc snstfkd ngtfrdkf-rnodg`, sng` hf sfgtdr p`sturd hf g` hnsp`snong hf oukpcnr o`g nkp`rtdgtfskfhnhds hf gufstr` snstfkd rfln`gdc hf pr`tfoong.

Tunz s`brfvnvd dg fc snstfkd hf cd Oufgod hfc Ycdtd, qunz fs s`cdkfgtf ug

dgtfofhfgtf hfc KFRO@_VR pfr` jdonfgh` rfoufgt` hf c`s snstfkd d c`s qufo`g sflurnhdh pfrtfgfof fc Ydrdludy, s`k`s pdrtf hf VRVYDB@C, augt` d Vru-


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C`s o`gvfgn`s y o`kpr`kns`s ngtfrgdon`gdcfs susornt`s p`r fc Ydrdludy,quf sf ontdg o`k` drlukfgt` hf dp`y`, g` s`g vngoucdgtfs, yd quf hnoj`so`gvfgn`s y o`kpr`kns`s jdstd fstf k`kfgt` g` jdg snh` rdtnenodh`s p`rcds h`s Okdrds hfc O`glrfs` hf cd Gdong.

Dclug`s hf fs`s o`gvfgn`s quf sflg fc O@GFO g` jdg snh` rdtnenodh`s s`g1cd O`gvfgong s`brf cd fcnkngdong hf t`hds cds e`rkds hf hnsornkngdongo`gtrd cd kuafr (OFHD\), rdtnenodhd fg 4>:5 p`r cfy G 4246, cd O`gvfgongs`brf c`s hfrfoj`s hfc gn` rdtnenodhd p`r cfy 69, cd O`gvfgong Ngtfrd-kfrnodgd pdrd prfvfgnr, sdgon`gdr y frrdhnodr cd vn`cfgond o`gtrd cd kuafr(O`gvfgong hf Bfcfk h` Ydr), rdtnenodhd p`r cfy 596/>6, c`s O`gvfgn`s hfcd @NX G 4:2 y 465, rdtnenodh`s p`r cds cfyfs G 4562, fgtrf `tr`s. Onfrtdkfgtf fg fc tfxt` hfc Kdro` Rfot`r g`snfkprf sf jd ngocunh` fc gkfr` hf cfy pufs fg dclug`s ods`s sf jdof rfef-rfgond d cd efojd hf rdtnenodong, pfr` fc O@GFO g` pufhf o`gsnhfrdr o`k`g` vngoucdgtfs d ngstrukfgt`s o`g pcfgd vnlfgond fg fc Ydrdludy. Fs kuyhneonc sup`gfr quf sfd snkpcfkfgtf nlg`rdgond c` quf jd ccfvdh` dc O@GFO dhneughnr quf fs`s ngstrukfgt`s sfdg g` vngoucdgtfs.

Fc Fafoutnv` g` daustd pfr` fs daustdh`?

Fs p`snbcf g`tdr ug hfbncntdknfgt` hfc Y`hfr Fafoutnv` fg fc kdgfa` prfsupufs-tdrn`. C`s hfks p`hfrfs hfc Fstdh` tnfgfg dut`g`kd prfsupufstdrnd, pfr`fs` g` suofhf o`g fc Fafoutnv` y hf jfoj`, fg protnodkfgtf t`h` snstfkdhfk`ortno`, fc cflnscdtnv` hfbf dpr`bdr fc prfsupufst` hf cd dhkngnstrdongpbcnod y o`gtr`cdr su fafouong.

_ng fkbdrl`, jdy ug vfrhdhfr` pr`bcfkd o`g fc pr`ofs` hf fcdb`rdong hf cdcfy hf prfsupufst` hf cd gdong. Oudgh` Efcnpf L`gzcfz prfsnhd fc l`bnfrg`fspd`c s`cnont d cds O`rtfs quf cf dprufbfg ` rfojdofg fc prfsupufst`, pfr`quf g` c` k`hnenqufg y c` o`gsnlun. Fg fc Ydrdludy fs t`h` c` o`gtrdrn`.

Odhd ngstntuong pbcnod hfbf fgvndr su pr`yfot` hf prfsupufst` dc Kngnstfrn`hf Jdonfghd, o`ge`rkf d cds p`ctnods quf ccfvdr dhfcdgtf. Jdonfghd fcdb`rdfc prfsupufst` o`gsnhfrdgh` g` sc` cd pfrtngfgond sng` tdkbng fc `rnlfg hfc`s e`gh`s o`g c`s quf sf rfdcnzdrg cds p`ctnods pbcnods. Fc pr`yfot` hf Yrfsu-pufst` Lfgfrdc hf cd Gdong fs fgvndh` dc O`glrfs` Gdon`gdc qunfg o`ge`rkdugd o`knsng bnodkfrdc quf fstuhnd fc prfsupufst`, pfr` cd cfy hfbf sfr dpr`-bdhd p`r odhd Okdrd.

? Cd erdsf quf fc Fafoutnv` g` daustd pfr` fs daustdh`, cd pr`gugon Cncd K`cngnfr fg cd sflughd sfsng hf dgcnsns hfo`yugturd.


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Fg c`s ctnk`s 29 d`s fc O`glrfs` jd jfoj` fc prfsupufst`, o`ge`rkf d sukfa`r sdbfr, fgtfghfr y o`gvfgnfgond. Fg onfrtd e`rkd c`s kfsfs fg c`s quf sftrdtd fc prfsupufst` s`g c`s ks nkp`rtdgtfs fg oudgt` d rfocdk`s onuhdhdg`sdgtf fc cflnscdtnv`. Yfr` fg fstf d` 2944 pufhf hfonrsf quf p`r ugd pdrtf fc

Fafoutnv` euf hfspàdh` odsn t`tdckfgtf hf su odcnhdh hf dhkngnstrdh`r y p`r fc`tr` sf ccfl d gnvfcfs dbsurh`s hf hfe`rkdong hfc prfsupufst` y dpr`bdonghf dukfgt`s y k`hnenodon`gfs sng `rnlfg hf e`gh`s.

Vgd hf cds lrdghfs o`gqunstds hfc l`bnfrg` Cul` jdbd snh` cd odsn trnpcnodonghf cd o`kpfgsdong p`r cd fgfrld hf Ntdnp quf fc Ydrdludy cf ofhf dc Brdsnc.Vg tfkd hfc d` jdbd snh` quf fsf hngfr` sfrd gtflrdkfgtf pdrd p`ctnodssòndcfs hfc l`bnfrg`. Yufs bnfg, dpdrfgtfkfgtf fc aufl` fs fcnkngdr hfc prf-supufst` t`h` c` quf pufhf hdr prfstnln` dc l`bnfrg` y dukfgtdr c`s rfours`spdrd cd ocnfgtfcd p`ctnod hf cflnscdh`rfs y cflnscdh`rds.

C` ks g`tdbcf hf t`h` fs quf fg cd knskd clnod dotdg kngnstr`s/ds hfcY`hfr Fafoutnv`, quf o`gsnhfrdg ks protno` jdofr c`bby dgtf fc O`glrfs` yg` o`g fc Kngnstfrn` hf Jdonfghd. Dpdrfgtfkfgtf trdbdadg o`g ug prfsupufst`kgnk` quf sdbfg quf fs fc quf prfsfgtdr Jdonfghd y ug` ptnk`, quf fs fcquf pròurdg gflòndr fg fc cflnscdtnv`.

Dc tnfkp` hf tfrkngdr fstf dgcnsns dg g` sf jdbd sdgon`gdh` cd cfy hf prf-supufst`. Fc ctnk` odptuc` o`gònh` k`strdbd quf cd Okdrd hf Hnputdh`s

jdbd rdtnenodh` su lnldgtfso` dukfgt` prfsupufstdrn`, o`gofhnfgh` ug 29%hf dukfgt` sdcdrndc d t`h` fc eugon`gdrndh` pbcno`, dg sdbnfgh` quf g` jdye`gh`s quf pufhdg oubrnr fsf dukfgt`.

Onfrtdkfgtf, fc Fafoutnv` pufhf vftdr fstd cfy o`k` `trds. _nkpcfkfgtf quf fco`st` hf jdofrc` fs kuoj` kdy`r quf fg oudcqunfr `tr` ods`.

Fg bsqufhd hfc snccg prfsnhfgondc

Cd hdgzd p`ctnod prngonpdc hfc 2944 euf cd hfengnong hf odghnhdturds. Cul`

ngtfgt prnkfr` cd rffcfoong d trdvs hf p`ctno`s hf dclug`s sfot`rfs hf nz-qunfrhd. Yfr` pdrd ugd rffcfoong sf prfonsd rfe`rkdr cd O`gstntuong hf 4>>2y dc g` tfgfr kdy`rd pdrcdkfgtdrnd g` sf c`lr gn rfe`rkdr gn fgkfghdr cdO`gstntuong. Fg fc sflugh` ods` sf prfonsdrd hf ug rfefrghuk quf rdtnenqufcd fgknfghd. Fg rfdcnhdh g` fs quf fc l`bnfrg` g` tfgld kdy`rd pdrcdkfgtdrndsng` quf pdrd kdy`r prfonsng jdbrd quf hfonr quf tnfgf s`cdkfgtf h`s sfgd-h`rfs y ugd hnputdhd ouy` dp`y` jd snh` o`gstdgtf.

G`tdbcf. Cul` dpdrfon fg cd fsofgd p`ctnod `p`gngh`sf dc pr`yfot` rffcfo-

on`gnstd hf Gnodg`r Hudrtf Erut`s, qunfg p`stfrn`rkfgtf euf fcfot` o`k` sfgd-h`r fgodbfzdgh` cd cnstd hf cd Dsòndong Gdon`gdc Rfpubcnodgd (DGR Ydrtnh`


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O`c`rdh`). D pfsdr hf jdbfr snh` pròcdkdh` p`r fc Xrnbugdc _upfrn`r hf Austn-ond Fcfot`rdc, Hudrtf Erut`s gugod puh` aurdr y òupdr su bdgod o`k` sfgdh`r,pufs sf c` nkpnhnfr`g c`s sfgdh`rfs y sfgdh`rds, dclug`s hf su pr`pn` pdrtnh`.G` tnfgf fsd dtrnbuong fc _fgdh` pfr`, ugd vnfad trdhnong dgtnhfkòrtnod hfc

cflnscdtnv` pdrdludy` fs g` pfrkntnr quf òupf su bdgod qunfg d pfsdr hf sfrfcfot` g` oufgtd o`g cd dpr`bdong hf cd kdy`rd. Fg 4>2? o`c`rdh`s y cnbfrd-cfs nkpnhnfr`g quf dsukd su bdgod fc sòndcnstd Rueng` Rfodchf Kncfssn. Hfs-pus hfc kdrz` pdrdludy` (4>>>) sf cf nkpnhn dsuknr dc `vnfhnstd DcfadghrÙfczqufz Vldrtf y fg fstf pfrn`h` pdrcdkfgtdrn` (299: 294?) d Gnodg`rHudrtf Erut`s, dugquf fg fstf ods` fc pfrn`h` dg g` tfrkng.

C`s cnhfrdzl`s hfc Ydrtnh` Cnbfrdc Rdhnodc Dutgtno` (YCRD) quf fstg fg cdpulgd p`r cd odghnhdturd prfsnhfgondc s`g hf c`s sfgdh`rfs Bcds Ccdg`, prfsn-hfgtf hfc pdrtnh` y Ferdg Dcflrf, dhfks hfc vnofprfsnhfgtf hf cd Rfpbcnod,Efhfrno` Erdgo`. Fc lrdg pr`bcfkd hf c`s cnbfrdcfs fs quf, dc o`gtrdrn` hf c`so`c`rdh`s, g` ldgdg o`g v`t`s pr`pn`s y p`r fs` prfonsdg hf dcndgzds fcfot`rd-cfs. _ng fkbdrl`, fg fc d` 299: g` c`lrdr`g tfgfr ugd odghnhdturd quf sfdsuenonfgtfkfgtf o`gvòdgtf hf t`h`s c`s sfot`rfs ouy` prngonpdc pr`yfot` frdhfspcdzdr d c`s o`c`rdh`s hfspus hf 52 d`s hf l`bnfrg` ngngtfrrukpnh`. Fcodghnhdt` quf o`gqunst d cds bdsfs cnbfrdcfs prnkfr` y sng ks rfkfhn` d cdhnrnlfgond hfspus, euf fc fx `bnsp` Efrgdgh` Cul`.

Fc pcdgtfdknfgt` hf c`s cnbfrdcfs fs quf cd dcndgzd hfc 294? hfbf sfr fgod-

bfzdhd p`r ug cnbfrdc. ^d hfonhnfr`g ug kfodgnsk`. Fg dbrnc hf 2942 jdrgugd sufrtf hf fgoufstd d cd quf ccdkdg urgds hfcnvfry. Fqunp`s e`rkdh`s p`rpfrs`gds hf cds hnvfrsds cnstds quf o`kpntfg vdg o`g ugd urgd y fgoufstdgs`brf su prfefrfgond d ug t`tdc hf 59.999 pfrs`gds cnbfrdcfs y g` cnbfrdcfs, o`gcd gnod o`ghnong hf quf enlurfg fg fc pdhrg gdon`gdc. Hnoj` kfodgnsk` jdsnh` dpr`bdh` yd p`r c`s prngonpdcfs odghnhdt`s. Dpdrfgtfkfgtf cd nzqunfrhdcfs jd s`cnontdh` p`sp`gfr cd fgoufstd. Hf t`hds kdgfrds fg hnonfkbrf hf2942 c`s cnbfrdcfs rfdcnzdrg su ngtfrgd pfr` s`cdkfgtf d fefot`s hf oukpcnro`g c`s rfqunsnt`s cfldcfs.

Yò` sf sdbf dg ok` gflòndr cd nzqunfrhd, guocfdhd prngonpdckfgtf fg fcErfgtf Luds y quf hfocdrd quf sf jdr s`brf bdsfs pr`lrdktno`s. _`cdkfgtfhfshf Mudpyrfghd, cd dlrupdong sòndcnstd y efkngnstd quf dpdrfon o`g ugkdgnenfst` fg pcfgd enfstd hfc bnofgtfgdrn`, cfvdgtd cd gfofsnhdh hf tfgfr ugdprfsnhfgtd kuafr pr`lrfsnstd pdrd fc 294?.

O`g fc `vnfhnsk` g` jdy s`rprfsds pufs gdhnf ks quf fc fx lfgfrdc pufhf sfrodghnhdt` hf VGDOF. Y`r su pdrtf cd hfrfojd k`hfrgd hf Ydtrnd Tufrnhd hnofg` qufrfr dcndgzds pfr` quf pufhf rfdcnzdr ugd o`gofrtdong pr`lrdktnod. Fg

onfrtd kdgfrd o`ngonhf o`g c`s pcdgtfdknfgt`s hfc Ydrtnh` Hfkòrtno` Yr`lrf-snstd (YHY) cnhfrdh` p`r fc fx kngnstr` hfc ngtfrn`r, Rdedfc Encnzz`cd.


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Fg fc odkp` o`c`rdh` cds o`sds eufr`g ks k`vnhds hurdgtf fc 2944. C`s h`sodghnhdt`s fg aufl` d engdcfs hf d` s`g fkprfsdrn`s hf er`gtfrd. Vg` hf fcc`s,Advnfr Qdodrds Nrg euf ngtfghfgtf hf Onuhdh hfc Fstf y tnfgf ug cnhfrdzlò`gs`cnhdh` fg fc Dct` Ydrdg. Fc `tr` fs ug ùtsnhfr quf sf dencn jdof rfcdtn-

vdkfgtf pò` tnfkp` d cd DGR pfr` fs ngkfgsdkfgtf rno` y sus pdrtnhdrn`so`gsnlunfr`g odkbndr c`s Fstdtut`s pdrtnhdrn`s quf tfgd ugd ocusucd hf tnfk-p` hf dencndong pdrd cd odghnhdturd d prfsnhfgtf hf cd Rfpbcnod, quf g` p`hdoukpcnr J`rdon` Odrtfs.

Fc pr`yfot` Odrtfs fs hf c` ks ngtfrfsdgtf, yd quf rfprfsfgtd dc Ydrdludyncfldc. _u prnkfrd dotudong euf c`lrdr cd hfr`ldong hf cd cfy quf pr`jbfeukdr fg sntn`s pbcno`s. _u prngonpdc `pfrdh`r pdrd fcc` euf gdhd kfg`s qufug fx kngnstr` hf _dcuh. Fc vgouc` fgtrf hnojd cfy y cd fkprfsd tdbdodcfrd hfOdrtfs frd ks quf fvnhfgtf. Fc pr`yfot` Odrtfs snlgnenod kdgtfgfr dc Ydrdludyo`k` pds nge`rkdc. _us pdrtnhdrn`s nkpnhfg hf kdgfrd ofrrdhd cd fgtrdhd fgvnlfgond hfc Nkpufst` d cd Rfgtd Yfrs`gdc (NRY) quf eufrd dpr`bdh` pfr` qufgugod fgtr fg vnlfgond.

Odrtfs quf pr`vnfgf hf ugd edkncnd hf ocdsf kfhnd hf Dsugong, kuctnpcno susbnfgfs o`g gflòn`s fg Odgnghfyu. Jdy qunfgfs g` huhdg fg sfdcdrcf o`k`gdro`trdenodgtf, dugquf jdstd dj`rd gdhnf jd p`hnh` èrfofr prufbd o`gorftddclugd s`brf hnojd dotnvnhdh ncontd. _u prnkfrd ngoursng dc p`hfr pbcno` eufkfhndgtf fc etb`c, pufs sf jnz` odrl` hf kdgfadr fkprfsdrndckfgtf fc Ocub

Cnbfrtdh, quf jdbd ccfldh` d hfsofghfr hf odtfl`rd. _u xnt` o`k` hnrnlfg-tf hfc etb`c fs nghuhdbcf. Cufl` hf dencndrsf d cd DGR c`lrd odptdr g` sc` d`p`rtugnstds sng` quf su odrtd hf trnuge` pdrd cd k`hnenodong fstdtutdrnd eufsu dcndgzd o`g cd sfgdh`rd Cncndg _dkdgnfl`, dotudc prfsnhfgtd hfc YdrtnhÒ`c`rdh` y rfprfsfgtdgtf hf cd hnrnlfgond hf bdsf hfc pdrtnh` ks lrdghf hfcYdrdludy. Fc pdhrf hf Cncndg jd snh` jnstrnodkfgtf fc chfr hf c`s prfsnhfgtfshf sfoon`gdc hf Dsugong. _dcv` fxofpon`gfs fst`s hnrnlfgtfs g` tfgdg ugde`rkdong hf dct` gnvfc y ugd y `trd vfz rfocdkdbdg quf jdodg fc trdbda` p`-ctno` pfr` g` tfgdg fc hfbnh` rfo`gònknfgt`. Hfshf engdcfs hfc str`gnsk` y

hurdgtf t`hd cd trdgsnong sf rfpntn cd tfgsng fgtrf cd hnrnlfgond hf bdsf y cdccdkdhd `cnldrqud pdrtnhdrnd. Ydrfonfrd quf engdckfgtf jdy ug hfspcdzdknfgt`hf std. Cncndg _dkdgnfl` y su jfrkdg`, fc ngtfghfgtf hf Dsugong, s`g flrf-sdh`s ugnvfrsntdrn`s y ug nghnodh`r hfc dsofgs` p`ctno` hf c`s sfoon`gdcfr`sncustrdh`s fg cd DGR.

Fs g`tdbcf pfr` cd dcndgzd Odrtfs _dkdgnfl` fs rfcdtnvdkfgtf erlnc y edctdgh`d` y kfhn` pdrd cds fcfoon`gfs yd dpdrfonfr`g ensurds. Fc fqunp` hf _dkdgnf-l` rfocdkd ugd odkpdd ks pdrtnonpdtnvd y g` sf hfsodrtd ugd odghnhdturdhf cd pr`pnd Cncndg _dkdgnfl`. Hf t`hds kdgfrds fc xnt` hf Odrtfs _dkdgnf-

l` tuv` ks quf vfr o`g cd hfbncnhdh hf qunfgfs sf `p`gdg d quf ug ùtsnhfr


25/519

O@^VGXVRD Y@CXNOD

2?

o`k` dgtfs eufr`g \dsk`sy y Oubds, sfd odghnhdt` hfc pdrtnh`, quf dofp-tdbdg guocfdrsf bda` fc cnhfrdzl` hfc fx vnofprfsnhfgtf hf cd Rfpbcnod CunsOdstnlcn`gn, pfr` g` hf Advnfr Qdodrds.

Engdckfgtf sf hfbf sfdcdr quf fg odhd fspdon` p`ctno` jdy `tr`s odghnhdt`s,pfr` quf g` jdg c`lrdh` kdy`r rfcfvdgond. C` quf d gdhnf cf rfsuctd ocdr` fs

p`hfr fgtfghfr qung doukucd p`hfr y prfstnln` p`ctno` fg fc Ydrdludy

ENGDC _NG ENGOfrod hf Gdvnhdh tfrkngdrg c`s Uyd Ludsu hfc Bnofgtfgdrn`. Cd fgfrld p`sn-tnvd hf kdy` sf euf hnsnpdgh` y pò` qufhd yd hf fccd.

Dc ofrrdrsf fc 2944, cd prflugtd quf ngqunftd d cd o`kugnhdh hf hfrfoj`s ju-

kdg`s fs sn g` fstdk`s pfrhnfgh` ugd `p`rtugnhdh hf jdofr trdgse`rkdon`gfsfg fc Fstdh`, fg cd fstruoturd sòndc y fg c`s cnhfrdzl`s p`ctno`s quf pfrkntdgprèughnzdr cd hfkòrdond. ^ cdkfgtdbcfkfgtf fg fc Ydrdludy cds `p`rtugnhd-

hfs g` s`g tdgtds.


26/519


27/519

O@^VGXVRD FO@GKNOD

2626

Orfonknfgt`, hfsnludchdh,p`brfzd y Fstdh`ngtfrvfgt`r

Fc d` 2944 onfrrd o`g ug orfonknfgt` fo`gkno` lc`bdc

kfg`r quf fc hf 2949, pfr` o`gsnhfrdbcfkfgtf kdy`rfg c`s sfot`rfs ks hngkno`s hf cd dlr`fxp`rtdongy cds nkp`rtdon`gfs. Y`r `trd pdrtf, c`s bfgfenon`s dcpds quf sf fspfrd hf cds jnhr`fcotrnods, orfdg ug dct`gnvfc hf fxpfotdtnvds fg cd s`onfhdh, fg oudgt` d suhnstrnbuong.

Dc knsk` tnfkp`, c`s gnvfcfs hf p`brfzd g` hfadg hfsfr dct`s y cd sflurnhdh s`ondc dg tnfgf kuoj`s pds`s

quf hdr.

Cncd K`cngnfr

Xdpfd


28/519



NGXR@HVOONGCd o`yugturd fo`gknod ngtfrdgudc sf odrdotfrnzd, p`r ug cdh`, p`r fc fcfvdh` orf-onknfgt` rfdc hfc pr`huot` ngtfrg` brut` (YNB) `btfgnh` fg fc 2949, hfc 46%, susrfpfrousn`gfs gdon`gdcfs f ngtfrgdon`gdcfs, y ug orfonknfgt` ks rfhuonh` fg fc

prfsfgtf 2944, quf sf fstnkd ccfldr d hnonfkbrf d 8,6%. Fg fstf o`gtfxt` sf jdghdh` ngo`rp`rdon`gfs hf cd ngvfrsng fxtrdgafrd hnrfotd, y hf ngvfrsng prnvdhd, yug gnvfc hf doukucdong y o`gsuk` fg c`s sfot`rfs ks hngkno`s hfc o`kfron`fxtfrn`r, tdgt` hf cd dlr`fxp`rtdong o`k` hf c`s lrdghfs nkp`rtdh`rfs, y c`s sfr-vnon`s engdgonfr`s vngoucdh`s, quf dukfgtdr`g cd doukucdong hf odpntdc ena`, y fco`gsuk` pr`huotnv` f nghnvnhudc.

Cd e`rkdong brutd hf odpntdc ena` tuv` ug orfonknfgt` rfdc hfc 24,46 hcdrfs p`rpfrs`gd), pdrd ug pr`kfhn` hf 42 hds hf fstdhd.?

Fgtrf c`s edot`rfs quf dcnfgtdg fc gnvfc hf doukucdong hf odpntdc y hf o`gsuk`nghnvnhudc, sf fgoufgtrdg fc dukfgt` hf cd hfkdghd fxtfrgd y hf c`s prfon`s ngtfr-gdon`gdcfs pdrd cd sfknccd hf cd s`ad, fc kdz, c`s pr`huot`s hf cd odrgf, fgtrf tr`s,y cd bdad o`tnzdong hfc hcdr fg fc ods` hf cds nkp`rtdon`gfs kdsnvds. Xdkbng,

fc bda` gnvfc hfc nkpufst` d cd rfgtd hf cds fkprfsds hfshf fc 2998, hf 49%, c`sbdasnk`s nkpufst`s d cd rfgtdbncnhdh hf cd pr`huoong dlr`pfoudrnd y d cds nk-p`rtdon`gfs, ds o`k` cd dusfgond hf nkpufst`s d cds fxp`rtdon`gfs. Dhfks, cdvnlfgond hfc nkpufst` s`brf cd rfgtd pfrs`gdc, ngo`rp`rdh` fg cd rfe`rkd hfc 299?,sf jdccd suspfghnhd p`r fc O`glrfs` Gdon`gdc jdstd fc 294?. Cd odrld trnbutdrnddotudc fs ugd hf cds ks bdads hfc o`gtngfgtf, hf 42 % s`brf fc YNB.

4 Bdgo` Ofgtrdc hfc Ydrdludy, 2944, B`cftg Oufgtds Gdon`gdcfs 2994 2949. Hnsp`gnbcf fg 3www.bop.l`v.py/Nghnod-h`rfsfo`gkno`s/7.

2 Ufr supcfkfgt`s hf c`s hndrn`s hf Dsugong, odtc`l`s y fg c`s sntn`s wfb hf cds fkprfsds hfc sfot`r pr`huotnv` prnkdrn`,

nghustrndc, bdgo`s y engdgonfrds.? Kngnstfrn` hf Xurnsk` y Hfp`rtf Vruludy, Nge`rkf dgudc hf turnsk` rfofptnv` 2949, Vruludy Gdturdc, efbrfr` hf 2944,

y rfp`rtf fstdhstno` hfc prnkfr sfkfstrf hf 2944. Hnsp`gnbcf fg 3www.turnsk`.lub.uy/hf ngtfrs/fstdhstnods/hdt`s7hfc d` 2949 y 2944, o`gsuctdh` fg g`vnfkbrf hf 2944.


29/519

O@^VGXVRD FO@GKNOD

2/49/2944. Dsugong.Hnsp`gnbcf fg1 3jttp1//www.`fn.fs/oukbrfs.jtk7.


30/519


HFRFOJ@_ JVKDG@_ FG YDRDLVD^ 7 29442:

fgfrld hf cd Ntdnp dc ngtfrn`r hfc tfrrnt`rn` gdon`gdc, y cd orfdong y eugon`gdknfgt`hfc E`gh` hf Hfsdrr`cc` Fo`gkno` y _òndc (E`ghfs), o`g bdsf fg c`s rfours`sdhnon`gdcfs hf cds jnhr`fcotrnods bngdon`gdcfs.

Ydrd cd dpr`bdong hf cd vnlfgond hfc NRY p`r pdrtf hfc O`glrfs` Gdon`gdc, fc

Kngnstfrn` hf Jdonfghd s`stnfgf gflòndon`gfs pfrkdgfgtfs o`g c`s sfot`rfs p`-ctno`s y cds `rldgnzdon`gfs hf cd sònfhdh onvnc s`brf cds odrdotfrstnods y dcodgofshfc nkpufst`, y cd gfofsnhdh hf quf sfd gufvdkfgtf o`gsnhfrdhd fg fc O`glrfs`Gdon`gdc c` dgtfs p`snbcf.

Fg oudgt` d c`s bfgfenon`s dhnon`gdcfs hf cd Ntdnp, fc 2944 euf pr`pnon` pdrd sudvdgof y o`gorfong, y sf gfofsntd hneughnr c`s trkng`s hf cd hnsousng y cds pr`-pufstds quf fxnstfg fg t`rg` d fst`s pugt`s hf lrdg nkp`rtdgond pdrd fc pds, pdrdquf cd t`kd hf hfonsn`gfs sfd pdrtnonpdtnvd y orntfrn`sd.

Cdstnk`sdkfgtf, fg fc ods` hf cds gflòndon`gfs o`g cd Drlfgtngd s`brf ^doyrftd,

g` sf rflnstrdr`g dvdgofs fg rfcdong d c`s ngtfrfsfs gdon`gdcfs (rfhuoong hf cdhfuhd d su gnvfc cfltnk`, dtfgong d t`h`s c`s defotdh`s, fc rfo`gònknfgt` y pdl`p`r cd o`kpfgsdong p`r ofsng hf cd fgfrld, fgtrf `tr`s). Kuy p`r fc o`gtrdrn`,euf fc l`bnfrg` drlfgtng` fc quf c`lr dvdgzdr fg t`h`s sus ngtfrfsfs pfghnfgtfso`g cd jnhr`fcotrnod o`k` fc dukfgt` hf cd o`td y cd `pfrdong d su odpdonhdhpcfgd dgtfs hf cd tfrkngdong hf cds `brds fg Fgodrgdong= y fc ngnon` hf cds `brdsfg Dd ou6- p`r c` quf fc odkbn` fg cds rfcdon`gfs fo`gknods bngdon`gdcfs yrfln`gdcfs vngoucdhds o`g cd jnhr`fcotrnod ^doyrft, snlufg pfghnfgtfs.

C`s rfsuctdh`s hfc pròfs` fo`gkno`Cds fvnhfgonds fstdhstnods fcdb`rdhds p`r fc Bdgo` Ofgtrdc hfc Ydrdludy (BOY)èrfofg fg fc 2944 cd g`vfhdh hf jdbfr ngo`rp`rdh` fc rflnstr` hf cds pfrdon`gfsfo`gknods hf cds jnhr`fcotrnods bngdon`gdcfs fg fc _nstfkd hf Oufgtds Gdon`gd-cfs y hf cd Bdcdgzd hf Ydl`s fg cd sfrnf 299? 2949, p`r c` quf fg fstf dgcnsnss`g utncnzdhds cds onerds daustdhds hnsp`gnbcfs o`g hnojd ngo`rp`rdong, o`k` ugde`rkd hf kfa`rdr cd dpr`xnkdong d cd rfdcnhdh fo`gknod, ngocuyfgh` cd pdrtnon-pdong hf hnojds jnhr`fcotrnods fg cds hnkfgsn`gfs, vdrndbcfs, y c`s nghnodh`rfsfo`gkno`s, fg o`jfrfgond o`g cd lrdvntdong quf tnfgfg d gnvfc gdon`gdc.5

_flg cds fstdhstnods daustdhds o`g cds bngdon`gdcfs, fc orfonknfgt` hfc pr`huot`

ngtfrg` brut` (YNB) fg fc 2949 euf hfc 4?% fg trkng`s rfdcfs (sng ngecdong) erfgtfdc 299>, y ug vdc`r g`kngdc, fg hcdrfs o`rrnfgtfs, hf ks hf 29.982 kncc`gfs hf g`vnfkbrf hf 2944.

5 Fc trdbda` rfdcnzdh` fs kuoj` ks dkpcn`, pufs cd rfvnsng drrdgod hfshf 4>:6, d` hf ngnon` hf cd pfrdong o`kfrondc hfcd Ntdnp. Cd gufvd kft`h`c`ld dsuknhd fs cd hf o`gsnhfrdr d cds bngdon`gdcfs o`k` ugnhdhfs rfsnhfgtfs hf cd fo`g`kd

pdrdludyd fg ug 69%, fg e`rkd o`gsnstfgtf o`g cd utncnzdhd p`r c`s pdsfs sòn`s, Drlfgtngd y Brdsnc. O`g fcc`, fc BOY c`lrdvdgzdr fg cd drk`gnzdong f ngtflrdong fstdhstnod hfgtr` hfc KFRO@_VR. Fg1 3www.bop.l`v.py/g`tnonds/Ngo`rp`rdonghf-cdsbngdon`gdcfsfgfcsnstfkdhfoufgtdsgdon`gdcfsycd bdcdgzdhfpdl`shfcYdrdludy/7Yrfsfgtdong hfc 4? hf òtubrf hf 2944.

< C`s hdt`s utncnzdh`s sf fgoufgtrdg fg fc Oudhr` 6, ngsfrt` dc engdc, sdcv` dhvfrtfgonds fspfoenods.


31/519

O@^VGXVRD FO@GKNOD

2>

Oudhr` 41 YNB t`tdc y p`r jdbntdgtf o`gsnhfrdgh` jnhr`fcotrnods bngdon`gdcfs

D` Kncc`gfs V_$ 4>>8 V_$ 4>>8

299? :.:55 4.652

2998 >.24< 4.6>?2996 >.89: 4.6>6

2995 >.:52 4.582

299< 49.89< 4.? 4. 49.568 4.5:4

2949 42.965 4.:5>

Eufgtf1 BOY, 2944, Ngo`rp`rdong hf cds bngdon`gdcfs d cds OG y BY hfc Ydrdludy, ppt fg YHE.

Lro 4. YNB dc f nccfs V_$ 4>>8

Lro 2. YNB pr dbndf. F cdrfs f 4>>8


32/519


HFRFOJ@_ JVKDG@_ FG YDRDLVD^ 7 2944?9

_`g oudtr` c`s sfot`rfs fo`gkno`s ks nkp`rtdgtfs1 dlrnoucturd (4:%), o`kfron`(46,5%), fcfotrnonhdh y dlud (42,5%) (sng cd ngo`rp`rdong hf cd pr`huoong hf cdsjnhr`fcotrnods bngdon`gdcfs o`rrfsp`ghnfgtf dc Ydrdludy fs hf sc` 4,5):f nghus-trnd (49,-49

Dlrnoucturd 4:,2 8>,:

Ldgdhfrd 6,8 :,6Fxpc`tdong e`rfstdc 4,? ->,9

Yfsod 9,4 -8,9

Kngfrd 9,4 ?,2

Nghustrnd 49,< 5,?

Fcfotrnonhdh y dlud **/ 42,5 -2,6

O`gstruoong ?,5 4?,9

O`kfron` 46,5 49,>

O`kugnodon`gfs ?,? 5,2

Xrdgsp`rtfs ?,5 8,9

L`bnfrg` lfgfrdc


33/519

O@^VGXVRD FO@GKNOD

?4

Fc orfonknfgt` y cd hfsnludchdh fo`gknodDugquf g` fs ug efgkfg` gufv`, fc orfonknfgt` hfsnludc odrdotfrnzd d cd fo`g`-kd pdrdludyd fg lfgfrdc, pfr` su prfp`ghfrdgond fg cd dlrnoucturd y cd ldgdhfrdjd t`kdh` fg c`s ctnk`s trfs d`s ugd kdy`r hnkfgsng. Fg cd dlrnoucturd, cd

sfknccd hf cd sàd ccfl d ugd onerd ro`rh hf pr`huoong, >8% ks quf fg fc 299>,o`k` fefot` hf cd rfoupfrdong hfc rfghnknfgt` p`r jfotrfd odh` hurdgtf cdsfqud hf cd tfkp`rdhd dgtfrn`r, hf ug pr`kfhn` hf 4.699 d 2.? mnc`s p`r jfo-trfd, y fg kfg`r kfhnhd, p`r fc dukfgt` hf cd supfrenonf ouctnvdhd (8%).

@tr`s rubr`s g` jdg tfgnh` gn tnfgfg hnoj` gnvfc hf pr`huoong d fxofpong hfcd odd hucof gn òupdg ugd fxtfgsng hf tnfrrd nludc ` kdy`r d cd sàd, ngocunh`sc`s `tr`s h`s rubr`s quf ngtflrdg o`g stf fc tr` hngkno` quf fs pr`huonh` fgug knsk` d` p`r cds fkprfsds dlro`cds dctdkfgtf kfodgnzdhds, kfhndgtf cdr`tdong hf c`s ouctnv`s. Fg fc ods` hfc kdz, fc v`cukfg pr`huonh` fs kfg`s hfc69 % y cd supfrenonf sfkbrdhd kfg`s hf ugd tfrofrd pdrtf, knfgtrds quf fg oudgt`dc trnl`, rfprfsfgtd fc 4> % hf cd pr`huoong y fc 24 % hf cd supfrenonf bda` ouctnv`hf cd sàd (Oudhr` ?).

Oudr ?. Yruoon dlrocd pr rubr, supfronf sfbrdd yrfnnf. D 2949.

Rubr`sYr`huoongt`gfcdhds

_upfrenonf sfkbrd-hd fg jfotrfds

Rfghnknfgt`Mnc`/jfotrfd

_àd 46

Xrnl` 4.894.>:< 659.:99 2.699

Odd hucof 6.4?9.>84 499.999 64.?9>

Kdghnòd 2.528.9:8 4


34/519


HFRFOJ@_ JVKDG@_ FG YDRDLVD^ 7 2944?2

us` hf cd tnfrrd y rfghnknfgt` o`gsnhfrdbcfkfgtf bda`s. Fc ods` hfc ssdk`, o`gkfrodh` fxtfrg` dsflurdh` fg fc Adpg, dgtfs hf cd ornsns guocfdr, y ug ngonpnfgtfo`gsuk` ngtfrg`, sf rfhua` cd supfrenonf sfkbrdhd y cd pr`huoong fg ks hfc ?9%rfspfot` hfc 299>, p`r rdz`gfs ocnktnods.

Fg oudgt` d cd ldgdhfrd, fg fc 2949, cd fxnstfgond hf ldgdh` b`vng` euf fstnkdhdfg 42.?96.882 odbfzds, odsn fc h`bcf hf cd p`bcdong gdon`gdc, o`g ug pò` kshfc 59% ubnodh` fg cd rflng @rnfgtdc, y ug pò` kfg`s hfc 89% fg cd @oonhfgtdc` Ojdo`. Fc orfonknfgt` dgudc hfc :,6% sf rfcdon`gd o`g cd ngvfrsng y pr`huoonghfstngdhds d cd fxp`rtdong, quf fxpfrnkfgtd ugd hfkdghd edv`rdbcf pdrd c`spr`huot`s hf cd odrgf. Dhfks, tnfgf ugd dgojd bdsf fg fc o`gsuk` ngtfrg`, snfg-h` ug pr`huot` bsno` hf cd odgdstd dcnkfgtdrnd gdon`gdc. Fc orfonknfgt` g`kngdcrflnstrdh` pdrd c`s pr`huot`s hf cd odrgf fs hfc 2.

Xdgt` cd pr`huoong fkprfsdrndc hf cd sàd, fc kdz y fc trnl`, o`k` hfc ldgdh`vdoug`, oupdg cds ks lrdghfs fxtfgsn`gfs hf cds tnfrrds rurdcfs. _flg fc Ofgs`Dlr`pfoudrn` Gdon`gdc hfc 299:, fg cd rflng @rnfgtdc, sc` fc 9,2% hf cds engodsdlr`pfoudrnds tnfgfg tnfrrds quf vdg hf 299 d 49.999 jfotrfds y ks, y fg fccdssf o`gofgtrd fc % hf cd supfrenonf hftnfrrds rurdcfs, fc :? % hf c`s ouctnv`s dlro`cds, >>% hf c`s odkp`s o`g pdsturds yfc >>% hf c`s k`gtfs gdturdcfs y e`rfstdcfs ouctnvdhds. Ouc jd snh` cd fv`cuong

quf jdg tfgnh` fst`s nghnodh`rfs dc 29440 Fg cds rflng @oonhfgtdc, cds fvnhfgondss`brf cd gufvd ngo`rp`rdong hf cd ngvfrsng hf odpntdc brdsncf` y fxtrdgafr`, yhfc dukfgt` o`gsnhfrdbcf hf cd hfe`rfstdong, fstg dsòndhds dc dukfgt` hf cdngvfrsng ngtfgsnvd fg cd ldgdhfrd, dsòndhd o`g cd hfkdghd fxtfrgd.49

49 Fc rntk` dlrfsnv` hf cd hfe`rfstdong fg fc Ojdo` fs fstnkdh` fg 4.292 jfotrfds p`r hd, fg sfptnfkbrf 2944, sflgfc k`gnt`rf` sdtfcntdc hf cd `rldgnzdong Luyr Ydrdludy, o`g fc dlrdvdgtf hf c`s kncfs hf eò`s hf ngofghn`. Hftdccd

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28 www.jdonfghd.l`v.py/Nge`rkfengdgonfr`2949/O`gtr`cyfvdcudongprfsupufstdrnd, p 45>.

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43/519

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?4 Vctnkd J`rd, Brdsnc ngnond pdl` dhnon`gdc p`r cd fgfrld hf Ntdnp, 4: hf òtubrf hf 2944, p. 26.

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45/519

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HFRFOJ@ D CD NLVDCHDH ^ G@ HN_ORNKNGDONG


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ofsdr fg vnstd d cd cdnonhdh ènondc vnlfgtf fg fc Ydrdludy.


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Fxnstf ugd eufrtf prfsfgond hf cd rfcnlng Odtcnod fg cds ngstntuon`gfs pbcnodshf fgsfdgzd. Fg cd kdy`rd hf cds fsoufcds y o`cfln`s jdy skb`c`s f nklfgfsrfcnln`sds. Fg o`go`rhdgond dc o`gofpt` hf fhuodong cdnod y hfgtr` hf ug fsprntufoukgno`, fc Kngnstfrn` hf Fhuodong y Oucturd, hfbfrd g`rkdcnzdr fstd sntudongrftnrdgh` hf sus hfpfghfgonds oudcqunfr hnstngtnv` quf nkpcnquf dengnhdh o`g dc-lugd o`gefsng, fg pdrtnoucdr, rfspftdgh` ds d c`s quf prèfsdg oudcqunfr tnp` hforfh` y d c`s quf g`.

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odpfccdgd o`k` ugd hnofsns y hfsnlgd d ug `bnsp` pdrd quf supfrvnsf fc pr`-lrdkd d tnfkp` o`kpcft`. Fg 299> sf hfsnlg p`r prnkfrd vfz d ug odpfccgpr`tfstdgtf.49

Fg fc Rflcdkfgt` Lfgfrdc hf Ofrfk`gndc y Yr`tò`c` hf cd O`kdghdgond hf cdY`cnod Gdon`gdc, sf fstdbcfof c` snlunfgtf1

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> Tungtdgd, Fhudrh`. (Yfrn`hnstd. Dtf` kncntdgtf, knfkbr` hf cd Dsòndong Ydrdludyd Rdon`gdcnstd)._ntudong hfc Fstdh`cdno` fg Ydrdludy, pfrspfotnvd rdon`gdcnstd. Hòukfgt` fgvndh` dc dut`r. G`vnfkbrf hf 2944.

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HFRFOJ@_ JVKDG@_ FG YDRDLVD^ 7 294444:

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Fg t`rg` d cds o`kugnhdhfs nghlfgdsO`k` sf jd kfgon`gdh` fg c`s ngnon`s hfc drtouc`, c`s ouct`s, rnt`s y orffgonds hfc`s pufbc`s nghlfgds, eufr`g ngvnsnbncnzdh`s tdgt` dqu o`k` fg fc rfst` hf Dkrn-od. D pfsdr quf sf hfbf rfo`gòfr onfrt`s dvdgofs fg fc ctnk` tnfkp`, fc Fstdh`dg tnfgf hfuhds fg fstf dspfot` o`g c`s pufbc`s Nghlfgds.

Tufhd rfo`gònh` y ldrdgtnzdh` fc hfrfoj` hf c`s pufbc`s nghlfgds d prf-sfrvdr y d hfsdrr`ccdr su nhfgtnhdh tgnod fg fc rfspfotnv` jbntdt. Xnfgfg hf-rfoj`, dsnknsk`, d dpcnodr cnbrfkfgtf sus snstfkds hf `rldgnzdong p`ctnod,sòndc, fo`gknod, oucturdc y rfcnln`sd, dc nludc quf cd v`cugtdrnd suafong d susg`rkds o`gsuftuhngdrnds pdrd cd rflucdong hf cd o`gvnvfgond ngtfrn`r snfkprf

quf fccds g` dtfgtfg o`gtrd c`s hfrfoj`s eughdkfgtdcfs fstdbcfonh`s fg fstdO`gstntuong. Fg c`s o`gecnot`s aurnshnoon`gdcfs sf tfghr fg oufgtd fc hfrfojò`gsuftuhngdrn` nghlfgd.42

Y`r ctnk` cds o`gvfrsdon`gfs s`brf cd sntudong hf c`s pufbc`s nghlfgds k`s-trdr`g ugd dkpcnd ldkd hf pugt`s hf vnstd y vdc`rdon`gfs. _n bnfg cd kdy`rd hfc`s ngtfrcòut`rfs fstuv` hf doufrh` fg quf jub` ug dvdgof o`gsnhfrdbcf fgc`s ctnk`s tnfkp`s, snluf oufstn`ggh`sf sn sf supfrdr`g o`kpcftdkfgtf cdse`rkds hf nkp`snong dut`rntdrnd hf hòtrngds rfcnln`sds d trdvs hf dotnvnhdhfsknsn`gfrds ds o`k` oudc hfbf sfr fc r`c quf fc L`bnfrg` hfbfrd hfsfkpfdr

pdrd ldrdgtnzdr kfa`r c`s hfrfoj`s hf c`s pufbc`s nghlfgds, ngocuyfgh` fgkdtfrnd hf cnbfrtdh hf rfcnlng ` hf orffgonds.4?

C`s pufbc`s nghlfgds s`g ug lrup` o`g ugd cdrld jnst`rnd hf hnsornkngdong,dbdgh`g`, do`s` y fxpc`tdong fo`gknod. Cd nge`rkdong rfonbnhd ds o`k`cds hnsousn`gfs o`g rfprfsfgtdgtfs hf hnefrfgtfs o`kugnhdhfs nghlfgds rfvfcquf cd nkp`snong hf hòtrngds y protnods rfcnln`sds, p`snbcfkfgtf o`gtrd suv`cugtdh, g` fs oufstng hfc pdsdh` sng` quf, fg onfrtd kfhnhd, pfrsnstf jdstdfc hd hf j`y. Cd kdy`rd hf c`s ngtfrcòut`rfs hf c`s pufbc`s nghlfgds fstuv`hf doufrh` fg quf cd dotntuh lfgfrdc jdond sus orffgonds y protnods trdhnon`gd-

cfs sf jd vufct` ks rfspftu`sd. _n bnfg fg fc pdsdh` sus protnods trdhnon`gd-cfs, tdcfs o`k` c`s rntudcfs ojdkdgnstds hf sdgdong, frdg hfgugondhds o`k`sdtgnods p`r onfrt`s knsn`gfr`s ornstndg`s, de`rtugdhdkfgtf dj`rd tdcfs do-tntuhfs s`g ks bnfg cd fxofpong. Dhfks, j`y fg hd, dclugds nlcfsnds, fgpdrtnoucdr cd Nlcfsnd Odtcnod, pr`vffg dp`y` protno` d fseufrz`s pdrd e`rtdcfofry rfoupfrdr fc cfldh` oucturdc, cnglstno` y fspnrntudc hf c`s pufbc`s nghlfgds.

_ng fkbdrl`, d pfsdr hf fst`s dspfot`s dcfgtdh`rfs, c`s ngtfrcòut`rfs hf c`spufbc`s nghlfgds nge`rkdr`g s`brf sntudon`gfs fg cds quf dpdrfgtfkfgtf c`s

44 Rflcdkfgt` lfgfrdc hf ofrfk`gndc y pr`tò`c` hf cd O`kdghdgond hf cd Y`cnod Gdon`gdc.

42 Drtouc` 5? hf cd O`gstntuong Gdon`gdc.

4? Hfocdrdong hfc Rfcdt`r Fspfondc hf cds Gdon`gfs Vgnhds s`brf cnbfrtdh hf rfcnlng y hf orffgonds, Jfngfr Bnfcfefcht ,Nge`rkf 2944.


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bfgfenon`s kdtfrndcfs ` fkpcf`s hdh`s d nghlfgds snlufg hfpfghnfgh` hf suoukpcnknfgt` hf g`rkds rfcnln`sds. Knfkbr`s hf cd kng`rd kfg`gntd, qunfgfshfspus hf ugd cdrld jnst`rnd hf pfrsfouong rfcnln`sd sf jdg o`gvfrtnh` fgugd o`kugnhdh sòndc y fo`gknodkfgtf p`hfr`sd fg pdrtfs hfc Ojdo`, fxprf-sdr`g fc pugt` hf vnstd quf cd o`gendbncnhdh hfshf fc pugt` hf vnstd k`rdc, qufdclug`s vngoucdg hnrfotdkfgtf o`g fc oukpcnknfgt` hf vdc`rfs ornstndg`s, p`-hrd sfr ug orntfrn` cfltnk` pdrd fkpcfdr -` g` fkpcfdr- d ug nghlfgd. Dhfkssf jd hfgugondh` rfpftnhdkfgtf d gufv`s lrup`s knsn`gfr`s, tdcfs o`k` fcYufbc` hf Hn`s, hf fafrofr prfsng sno`clnod s`brf c`s knfkbr`s hf o`kugn-hdhfs nghlfgds pdrd quf dbdgh`gfg t`tdckfgtf sus rntudcfs trdhnon`gdcfs dkf-gdzdgh` o`g hur`s odstnl`s fg fc ks dcc. Fg fstf o`gtfxt`, qunsnfrd fgedtnzdrquf `bsfrv hnefrfgonds sustdgondcfs fgtrf y dc ngtfrn`r hf cds hfg`kngdon`gfsornstndgds fg t`rg` d fst`s tfkds hfcnodh`s.

_n bnfg kuoj`s tfkds rfcdon`gdh`s o`g cd p`snbcf nkp`snong hf hòtrngds y

protnods rfcnln`sds snlufg snfgh` p`ckno`s, kf pdrfof fvnhfgtf quf cd hfbncn-hdh hf prfsfgond y odpdonhdh hfc Fstdh`, pdrtnoucdrkfgtf fg z`gds hf cd rflnghfc Ojdo`, lfgfrd sfrnds cdlugds fg cd pr`tfoong hf c`s hfrfoj`s jukdg`s fglfgfrdc y hf cd cnbfrtdh hf rfcnlng ` hf orffgonds fg pdrtnoucdr.

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cd sònfhdh, pufhfg sfgtnrsf fg òdsn`gfs prfsn`gdh`s d dsnstnr d ofrfk`gndsrfcnln`sds, p`r fafkpc` fg fsoufcds pbcnods u `trds ngstntuon`gfs fstdtdcfs, qufg` o`ngonhfg o`g sus pr`pnds o`gvnoon`gfs.48

Fc pdpfc hf cds Gdon`gfs VgnhdsCds Gdon`gfs Vgnhds, tdkbng k`gnt`rfdg c`s dvdgofs y rftròfs`s hfc Fstdhò`g rfspfot` d p`snbcfs ` rfdcfs vn`cdon`gfs hfc hfrfoj` d cd cnbfrtdh hf rfcnlng` hf orffgonds, d trdvs hf cd vnsntd hfc Rfcdt`r s`brf Cnbfrtdh hf Rfcnlng y hfOrffgonds.

Fc knsk`, ngvntd d cds `rldgnzdon`gfs lubfrgdkfgtdcfs y g` lubfrgdkfgtdcfs, o`-kugnhdhfs rfcnln`sds ` hf orffgonds, ds o`k` d c`s pdrtnoucdrfs, d prfsfgtdr oudc-qunfr nge`rkdong enhfhnlgd quf pufhdg tfgfr o`g rfcdong dc tfkd hf su o`kpf-tfgond, pdrd p`stfrn`rkfgtf pcdgtfdr su prfòupdong p`r c`s ngonhfgtfs rfvfcdh`sy pfhnr d c`s l`bnfrg`s quf e`rkucfg `bsfrvdon`gfs y o`kfgtdrn`s dc rfspfot`.

Fc O`gsfa` hf Hfrfoj`s Jukdg`s y cd Dsdkbcfd Lfgfrdc jdg ngstdh` dc Rfcdt`rFspfondc d quf pr`snld o`g sus fseufrz`s fg t`h` fc kugh` pdrd fxdkngdr c`sngonhfgtfs y cds kfhnhds hf odrotfr lubfrgdkfgtdc quf sfdg ngo`kpdtnbcfso`g cds hnsp`snon`gfs hf cd Hfocdrdong s`brf cd fcnkngdong hf t`hds cds e`rkdshf ngt`cfrdgond y hnsornkngdong eughdhds fg cd rfcnlng cds o`gvnoon`gfs y p`r

48 Hfocdrdong hfc Rfcdt`r Fspfondc hf cds Gdon`gfs Vgnhds s`brf cnbfrtdh hf rfcnlng y hf orffgonds, Jfngfr Bnfcfefcht ,Nge`rkf 2944.


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rfo`kfghdr kfhnhds o`rrfotnvds, sflg pròfhd (rfs`cuong 5/?< hfc O`gsfa`hf Hfrfoj`s Jukdg`s y rfs`cuong 54/454 hf cd Dsdkbcfd Lfgfrdc).46

Fg rfcdong d su vnsntd d Ydrdludy, hfshf fc 2? dc ?9 hf kdrz`, o`kfgtd fg sunge`rkf

Unsng lfgfrdc hf cds hnsousn`gfs hurdgtf cd vnsntdC`s hfbdtfs o`g cds hnefrfgtfs o`gtrdpdrtfs rfvfcdr`g ug dct` lrdh` hf o`gsfgs`fg t`rg` d kuoj`s tfkds pfr`, gdturdckfgtf, tdkbng dclug`s pugt`s p`ckno`s.C`s rfprfsfgtdgtfs hfc L`bnfrg` y hf ugd sfrnf hf o`kugnhdhfs, hfshf cd prfh`-kngdgtf Nlcfsnd Odtcnod jdstd o`kugnhdhfs hf kng`rds rfcnln`sds y @GLs cdnods,fstuvnfr`g fg lfgfrdc hf doufrh` fg quf Ydrdludy fs ugd sònfhdh pcurdcnstd. Dpfsdr hf cd trdhnon`gdc jflfk`gd hfc odt`cnonsk`, cds kdgnefstdon`gfs pbcnods hfhnvfrsnhdh rfcnln`sd sufcfg ccfvdrsf d odb` fg ug fgt`rg` dbnfrt` y t`cfrdgtf. Fglfgfrdc fc pcurdcnsk` fs o`gsnhfrdh` o`k` ug jfoj` bdstdgtf g`rkdc dc oudc cd

p`bcdong rfsp`ghf hf kdgfrd ks bnfg rfcdadhd. Dhnon`gdckfgtf, fg lfgfrdc fcL`bnfrg` jd ngofgtnvdh`, y fg pdrtf edoncntdh`, cd o`kugnodong ngtfrrfcnln`sd fgtrfhnefrfgtfs rfcnln`gfs y orffgonds.

_ng fkbdrl`, fg onfrtds òdsn`gfs cds o`gvfrsdon`gfs s`stfgnhds hurdgtf cd vnsntddb`rhdr`g tfkds ks o`gtr`vfrsndcfs. Vg tfkd p`ckno` sf rfefrd dc Fstdh` cdno`fstdbcfonh` fg cd O`gstntuong hf 4>>2. Dclug`s ngtfrcòut`rfs fxprfsdr`g cd `pn-gng hf quf fc odt`cnonsk` o`gtngd pfrkfdgh` cds ngstntuon`gfs fstdtdcfs, tdcfso`k` fc faront`, cd p`cnod ` cds fsoufcds pbcnods, o`g p`snbcf nkpdot` gfldtnv`s`brf knfkbr`s hf kng`rds. @tr`s, p`r su pdrtf, fxprfsdr`g fc tfk`r hf quf fc

Fstdh` cdno` p`hrd nkpucsdr ugd dlfghd dgtnrrfcnln`sd db`ldgh` p`r c`s ccdkdh`svdc`rfs cdno`s, fspfondckfgtf fg fc kbnt` hf cd fhuodong. Vgd tfrofrd p`sturdvdc`rdbd cds hnsp`snon`gfs o`gstntuon`gdcfs fxnstfgtfs y sfdcdbd cd gfofsnhdh hfquf fc Fstdh` eufsf cdno` d eng hf sfr aust` f ngocusnv` o`g cds pfrs`gds hf hnefrfg-tfs rfcnln`gfs ` orffgonds. Dclug`s o`gsnhfrdr`g fc jfoj` hf quf cds hfg`kngdon`-gfs g`-odtcnods hfbdg ngsornbnrsf y cufl` rfg`vdr su ngsornpong odhd d` dgtf fcKngnstfrn` hf Fhuodong, snfgh` quf g` sf nkp`gf tdc odrld d cd Nlcfsnd Odtcnod,o`k` ugd e`rkd hf hnsornkngdong.

Fc ods` hfc Kdro` Rfot`r Yfhdllno`

Cd ngtfrrupong hfc pròfs` hf sòndcnzdong f nkpcfkfgtdong hfc Kdro` Rfot`rYfhdllno` pdrd cd Fhuodong Ngtflrdc hf cd _fxudcnhdh, hfadh` sng fefot` p`rqunfg eufrd su nkpucs`r, fc Kngnstfrn` hf Fhuodong, fs tdkbng ug rftròfs` ` p`rc` kfg`s ug erfg` dc dvdgof fg kdtfrnd hf hfrfoj`s.

Vg k`vnknfgt` nkpucsdh` hfshf fspdon`s rfcnln`s`s, jd p`hnh` d trdvs hf prfsn`-gfs trugodr fstf dvdgof.

Hurdgtf c`s hfbdtfs, ug tfkd quf rfpftnhdkfgtf pr`vò eufrtfs fkòn`gfsfst vngoucdh` o`g cd fhuodong fso`cdr. Jf `bsfrvdh` tfgsn`gfs fgtrf c`shfefgs`rfs hf vdc`rfs rfcnln`s`s ks trdhnon`gdcfs y dqufcc`s quf pr`kufvfgfc hfrfoj` d tfgfr doofs` d nge`rkdong s`brf sdcuh sfxudc y rfpr`huotnvd, ds

46 @GV rfs`cuong 5/?< hfc 48 hf hnonfkbrf hf 299


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o`k` cd ngocusng hf prngonpn`s o`gtrd cd hnsornkngdong fg fc pcdg hf fstuhn`sfso`cdr. Fstd oufstng pdrfof jdbfr orfdh` tfgsn`gfs g` s`cdkfgtf fgtrf sfo-t`rfs rfcnln`s`s y sfot`rfs kfg`s rfcnln`s`s, sng` tdkbng hfgtr` hf dclugdso`kugnhdhfs rfcnln`sds45

Fc Rfcdt`r hf cds Gdon`gfs Vgnhds, fg cds o`gocusn`gfs y vdc`rdon`gfs prfcnkngdrfshf su nge`rkf, jdof rfefrfgond d cd edctd hf ugd cflnscdong s`brf t`h` tnp` hf hns-ornkngdong. Cflnscdong quf hfbfrd rflcdkfgtdr fc Drtouc` 85 hf cd O`gstntuong.

_ng fkbdrl`, sn bnfg jf `bsfrvdh` ug ocdr` o`kpr`kns` o`g c`s hfrfoj`sjukdg`s p`r pdrtf hfc L`bnfrg` hfc Ydrdludy, ugd cflnscdong oruondc o`gtrd cdhnsornkngdong jd snh` rfpftnhdkfgtf p`spufstd p`r fc O`glrfs`.

RFO@KFGHDON@GF_ Ldrdgtnzdr d c`s nghlfgds, fc pcfg` hfrfoj` d prèfsdr cnbrfkfgtf sus orffgonds,

fvntdgh` cd nkp`snong dut`rntdrnd hf hòtrngds rfcnln`sds p`r pfrs`gds ` lrup`shf knsn`gfr`s.

Ldrdgtnzdr quf c`s nghlfgds g` sfdg prfsn`gdh`s o`g nkp`snon`gfs rfcnln`sdspdrd o`gsflunr trdbda`.

Yr`k`vfr fc trdtdknfgt` y pr`kucldong hf cd Cfy O`gtrd X`hd E`rkd hf Hnsorn-kngdong, quf rflcdkfgtd fc drt. 85 hf cd O`gstntuong.

Orfdong hf ug fgtf k`gnt`r quf rfonbd cds hfgugonds y rfocdk`s, tdgt` hf pdr-tnoucdrfs o`k` hf c`s o`cfotnv`s.

Fqunpdrdr c`s rfqunsnt`s y trkntfs buròrtno`s hf ngsornpong fg c`s rflnstr`s hfcd _forftdrnd hf Ouct`, pdrd t`hds cds o`gefsn`gfs rfcnln`sds.

Oukpcnr fc prfofpt` O`gstntuon`gdc quf hfocdrd dc Fstdh` Ydrdludy` o`k` cdno`,fvntdgh` oudcqunfr ngafrfgond rfcnln`sd fg sus p`ctnods y sus protnods.

BNBCN@LRDED- Qdgdrhngn, A`s. C`s nghlfgds y fc Fstdh` pdrdludy - Hfspus hf cd Lufrrd hfc Ojdo` - Fgsdy .

- Hfocdrdong engdc hfc Yrnkfr O`glrfs` Ydrdludy s`brf Fstdh` Cdno Jdond ugd dutgtnod sfpdrdong fgtrf

Fstdh` y Rfcnlng 42 hf kdrz` hf 299>.- Gdvdrr` Ec rnd, Audg (299>). Hfrfoj` hf cd Cnbfrtdh hf Orffgonds1 ugd knrdhd d Dkrnod Cdtngd.

- C` Yrftf, @otdvn` (2995). Cd engdgondong fstdtdc hf cds o`gefsn`gfs rfcnln`sds. Yubcnodh` fg1 Kdrtg _gojfzNsnh`r`, y Gdvdrr` Ec`rnd, Audg L. (O``rhs.)1 Cd cnbfrtdh rfcnln`sd fg Fspdd y Drlfgtngd, Eughdong Vgnvfrsn-tdrnd Fspd`cd. Kdhrnh, pp. 2.5?: hf Ouct`s hf Ojncf, s`brf O`gstntuong Aurhnod hf cds Nlcfsnds y cds @rldgnzdon`gfs Rfcnln`sds-@otubrf hf 2992.

- B`sod, R`bfrt`. Cd rfcnlng fg cd sònfhdh pcurdcnstd. Fxp`snong hnotdhd fg cd a`rgdhd D 469 d`s hf cdO`gstntuong. Nlcfsnds y o`gefsn`gfs rfcnln`sds. bdcdgof y pfrspfotnvds, A`rgdhd `rldgnzdhd p`r fc ODCNR fc4? hf dl`st` hf 299? fg fc Duhnt`rn` _dg Nlgdon` hf C`y`cd hf cd Vgnvfrsnhdh hfc _dcvdh`r, Drlfgtngd.

45 Hfocdrdong hfc Rfcdt`r Fspfondc hf cds Gdon`gfs Vgnhds s`brf cnbfrtdh hf rfcnlng y hf orffgonds, Jfngfr Bnfcfefcht ,Nge`rkf 2944.


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42?42?

Jdond fc doofs` ugnvfrsdcs`stfgnbcf o`g kuoj`sfso`cc`s p`r supfrdr dg

Doofs` vfrsus s`stfgnbncnhdh

Fxnstf ug lrdg dvdgof fg cd rfspufstd gdon`gdc dcpr`bcfkd UNJ/snhd fg fc pds, hfshf cd pr`kucldonghf cd Cfy G ?>89/9> Tuf fstdbcfof Hfrfoj`s,@bcnldon`gfs y Kfhnhds prfvfgtnvds o`g rfcdong d c`sfefot`s pr`huonh`s p`r fc Unrus hf Ngkug`hfenonfgondJukdgd y fc _ghr`kf hf Ngkug`hfenonfgondDhqunrnhd, quf pfrkntf j`y dvdgzdr fg fc doofs` jdondfc trdtdknfgt` ngtflrdc hf c`s ods`s hf UNJ/snhd. _ngfkbdrl`, pdrd quf fstd o`brf kfa`rfs fefot`s, jdofedctd hfsdrr`ccdr doon`gfs cflnscdtnvds y pr`lrdktnodso`gorftds pdrd sdgon`gdr cd hnsornkngdong y ldrdgtnzdrcd s`stfgnbncnhdh fg fc doofs` ugnvfrsdc dc trdtdknfgt`.

Knrtd Runz Hdz

Eughdong Ufgofr


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NGXR@HVOONGFs nkp`rtdgtf rfo`gòfr c`s c`lr`s quf, fg kdtfrnd hfc UNJ, sf jdg hdh` fg Ydrd-ludy, o`g rfcdong d d`s dgtfrn`rfs, pfr` tdkbng sf hfbf dgdcnzdr quf dg fxns-tfg kuoj`s hfsde`s quf fgerfgtdr pdrd hdr ugd rfspufstd fenonfgtf d cd fpnhfknd.

Fg fc 2944 sf jd o`gtngudh` o`g cd sòndcnzdong f nkpcfkfgtdong hf cd Cfy G?>89/9> quf ldrdgtnzd fc rfspft`, cd pr`tfoong y cd pr`kòng hf c`s Hfrfoj`sJukdg`s fg fc trdtdknfgt` hf cds pfrs`gds quf vnvfg y s`g defotdhds p`r fc UNJ yfc _ghr`kf hf Ngkug`hfenonfgond (_nhd) y fstdbcfofr cds kfhnhds prfvfgtnvds pdrdfvntdr cd trdgsknsng (Drt.4 Cfy G?>89/9>).

O`g cd pr`vnsng rflucdr hf kfhnodkfgt`s dgtnrrftr`vnrdcfs y pdrd ngefoon`gfs`p`rtugnstds, dsnstfgond y doon`gfs hf prfvfgong eòdcnzdhd fg kuafrfs lfstdg-tfs, j`kbrfs quf tnfgfg sfx` o`g j`kbrfs, pfrs`gds trdgs, kuafrfs trdbdadh`rdssfxudcfs, pfrs`gds usudrnds hf hr`lds, sf jd dvdgzdh` bdstdgtf= sng fkbdrl` fc

prfsupufst` dg o`rrfsp`ghf fg pdrtf d e`gh`s fxtfrg`s c` quf c` oudc snlgnenodug dct` rnfsl` pdrd cd s`stfgnbncnhdh. _c` oudgh` sf c`lrf ugd dtfgong ngtflrdclrdtuntd pdrd cd p`bcdong lfgfrdc, sf p`hr jdbcdr hf doofs` ugnvfrsdc s`stfgnbcf.

Kughndckfgtf, trfngtd y oudtr` kncc`gfs hf pfrs`gds vnvdg o`g fc UNJ d engdcfs hf2949, ug dukfgt` erfgtf d c`s ??,? kncc`gfs fg 299>. @gusnhd4fstnkd quf 5,5kncc`gfs hf pfrs`gds fg pdsfs hf nglrfs`s bda`s y kfhn`s fstdbdg rfonbnfgh` tf-rdpnd dgtnrrftr`vnrdc d engdcfs hf 2949, ug dukfgt` hf odsn 22 vfofs hfshf 2994.Ofrod hf > kncc`gfs hf pfrs`gds fg pdsfs hf nglrfs`s bda`s y kfhn`s quf frdgfcflnbcfs pdrd fc trdtdknfgt` dgtnrrftr`vnrdc g` c` rfonbdg, d engdcfs hf 2949. Fgtrf

2994 y 299>, cd tdsd kughndc dgudc hf gufvds ngefoon`gfs p`r UNJ sf rfhua` fgodsn ug 26%2.

DUDGQD, DVGTVF CFGX@, FC ODKNG@ JDONDCD DOOF_NBNCNHDHO`g rfcdong d c`s ctnk`s nge`rkfs s`brf hfrfoj`s jukdg`s pubcnodh`s, fc kdy`rdvdgof vngoucdh` dc UNJ/snhd, fs cd dpr`bdong hf cd Cfy UNJ/snhd G?>89/9>,quf sf fgoufgtrd fg pròfs` hf rflcdkfgtdong. Cd knskd fstdbcfof pdrd fc Fstd-h` trfs pugt`s eughdkfgtdcfs pdrd db`rhdr fstrdtlnodkfgtf fc pr`bcfkd1

Cd ldrdgtd hf cd fhuodong pdrd cd prfvfgong hfc UNJ d t`hd cd p`bcdong

Fc doofs` d trdtdknfgt` ngtflrdc pdrd cds t`hds cds pfrs`gds o`g UNJ hfc pds

Cd ldrdgtd pcfgd hf hfrfoj`, tdgt` pdrd c`s quf vnvfg, o`k` pdrd c`s quf o`g-vnvfg o`g fc UNJ/snhd fg fc tfrrnt`rn` pdrdludy`.

4 Fc Yr`lrdkd O`gaugt` hf cds Gdon`gfs Vgnhds s`brf fc UNJ/_NHD (@GV_NHD) fs ugd ngg`vdh`rd ngnondtnvd quf o`gofrtdcnhfrdzl`, fseufrz`s y rfours`s hf cds dlfgonds hfc _nstfkd hf Gdon`gfs Vgnhds pdrd rldgnzdr y e`rtdcfofr ugd rfspufstddkpcndhd dc _NHD. (VGDNH_, p`r sus snlcds fg nglcs). Fg Ydrdludy fc Lrup` Xfktno` @GV_NHD sf o`ge`rkd o`g fc

E`gh` hf GGVV pdrd cd ngedgond (VGNOFE), cd @rldgnzdong Ydgdkfrnodgd y Kughndc hf cd _dcuh (@Y_/@K_) y fc Yr`lrd-kd hf Gdon`gfs Vgnhds pdrd fc Hfsdrr`cc` (YGVH).

2 Oer. Dgcnsns Rfln`gdc O`gs`cnhdh` hf c`s nge`rkfs VGLD__ prfsfgtdh`s p`r 4< pdsfs hf Dkrnod Cdtngd 2949. Hnsp`-gnbcf fg 3jttp1//www.`gusnhd-cdtngd.`rl/nghfx.pjp0o`gtfgt;drtnocf&nh;4


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HN_ORNKNGDONG JDOND YFR_@GD_ TVF UNUFG O@G UNJ ^_NHD

426

Fg fc d` 299>, fc 5?% hf cds pfrs`gds o`g UNJ, doofhnfr`g d trdtdknfgt` c`lrg-h`sf ug dukfgt` o`g rfcdong dc 2996, kfa`rdgh` fc doofs` hf cds knskds d cdtfrdpnd dgtnrrftr`vnrdc y sflunknfgt`s cdb`rdt`rndcfs, sng fkbdrl` ug ?


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_NXVDONG HF CD FYNHFKND HFC UNJ/_NHD FGYDRDLVD^8

Rflnstr`s hf UNJ

Yfrs`gds o`g UNJ1 :.>466

Yfrs`gds edccfonhds1 4.2?:

Xdsd hf ngonhfgond hf UNJ fg p`bcdong lfgfrdc1 4< p`r 499.999 jdbntdgtfs

Xdsd hf ngonhfgond hf

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