mis memorias. violeta friedman def · 2020-03-19 · violeta friedman(ff).indd 5 9/3/15 13:55:17....

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VIOLETA FRIEDMAN(FF).indd 5 9/3/15 13:55:17

ÍNDICE

AGRADECIMIENTOS 9

CAPÍTULO 1. PREGUNTAS SIN RESPUESTA 11

CAPÍTULO 2. UN TRISTE DÍA DE MARZO 24

CAPÍTULO 3. EL MAYOR CEMENTERIO DEL MUNDO 34

CAPÍTULO 4. ‘MORITURI’ 40

CAPÍTULO 5. LA ORILLA DE LA MUERTE 49

CAPÍTULO 6. UN INFIERNO DE HIELO 58

CAPÍTULO 7. SUPERVIVIENTES 66

CAPÍTULO 8. LA MEMORIA IMPLACABLE 78

CAPÍTULO 9. EL PROPÓSITO DE VIVIR 85


CAPÍTULO 10. ACABAR CON EL PASADO 92

CAPÍTULO 11. LA HUIDA 99

CAPÍTULO 12. TIEMPOS DE TRISTEZA 109

CAPÍTULO 13. UN MATRIMONIO INESPERADO 118

CAPÍTULO 14. UNA BREVE HISTORIA DE FAMILIA 125

CAPÍTULO 15. MADRID EN SOLEDAD 134

CAPÍTULO 16. EL FINAL DEL TÚNEL 145

CAPÍTULO 17. LA LUCHA CONTRA DEGRELLE 152

CAPÍTULO 18. UNA SENTENCIA HISTÓRICA 169

CAPÍTULO 19. PROPÓSITO FINAL 177

EPÍLOGO, por Patricia Weisz Friedman 181

ANEXO DE IMÁGENES 185


En esta nueva edición de las memorias de mi madre quiero agradecer aÁngeles Caso su labor de instigadora y animándola a su publicación. También aGuillermo Guitter por su ayuda a escribir este libro. Anteriormente ha sidoeditado por Planeta, por Hebraica Ediciones dentro de la colección Cuadernosde Sefarad y por la coedición de Catarata y FIBGAR. Gracias a la solicitud dealumnos y profesores de colegios, institutos, universidades y otros lectores,hemos decidido poner a vuestra disposición esta edición on line con lacolaboración de Ateinco y el Centro Sefarad-Israel. Si hoy estuviera VioletaFriedman con nosotros estaría muy orgullosa de poder ver realizado su encargo:transmitir sus Memorias a las nuevas generaciones.

Agradecimientos

Patricia Weisz FriedmanPresidenta de la Fundación Violeta Friedman

22

CAPÍTULO 1

PREGUNTAS SIN RESPUESTA

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33

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34

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35

CAPÍTULO 2

UN TRISTE DÍA DE MARZO

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36

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44

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45

CAPÍTULO 3

EL MAYOR CEMENTERIO DEL MUNDO

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46

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47

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48

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49

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51

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52

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53

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58

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5:

CAPÍTULO 5

LA ORILLA DE LA MUERTE

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61

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68

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72

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85

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86

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87

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96

CAPÍTULO 9

EL PROPÓSITO DE VIVIR

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98

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:2

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:3

CAPÍTULO 10

ACABAR CON EL PASADO

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:4

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:5

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:6

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:7

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:8

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:9

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256

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271

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Wpmw�! b!ftdsjcjs/!Ftub! tfhvoeb!dbsub-!rvf!sfqspev{dp!brv�!foufsbnfouf-!bqbsfdj�!fm!e�b!37;

SOBRE DEGRELLE, OTRA VEZ

El espacio limitado de la prensa no me permite la contestación deta-

llada, como quisiera. No obstante, es inevitable resaltar algunas

afirmaciones del señor Degrelle. “Las Waffen SS ofrecieron con fe y

con valor su vida por su ideal… para salvar del comunismo a sus

respectivas patrias y a Europa.” Nada podía estar más lejos de la

ideología nazi. Extracto de Mein Kampf (Adolf Hitler): “Toda la cultura

está detentada por la raza Aria nórdica, que es la verdadera repre-

sentante de toda la humanidad; por esto, el pueblo alemán debe

mantener su pureza racial. La raza germánica es superior a todas las

demás y la lucha contra el judío y el eslavo, contra las razas inferio-

res, es sagrada”.

La megalomanía de Hitler y sus camaradas tenía fines muy dife-

rentes, un hecho que yo enumeré en mi carta original y que debido al

problema de espacio, tuvo que ser omitido. Nadie echa eternamente en

cara los errores de las guerras, sino a una mentalidad que ha sido

capaz de inventar fábricas de exterminio a gran escala, eliminar razas

enteras, oposiciones políticas, minusválidos, ancianos y deficientes

mentales.

Dice el señor Degrelle: “No comprendo bien por qué hay que

alimentar los odios sin fin con divagaciones”. Es evidente que no com-

prende o que no quiere comprender. La intención de mi lucha va dirigi-

da precisamente contra una ideología que bajo el pretexto del racismo

incitó a un pueblo entero al odio y a cometer los crímenes más atroces

imaginables. Consecuentemente, el llamar a las Waffen SS criminales,

puede que le parezca poco elegante, pero no por ello deja de ser la pura

verdad. Menos delicado me parece a mí que declare en la televisión:

“Me sentiré unido a Hitler hasta mi muerte”.


272

También mantengo que las unidades de las Waffen SS denomi-

nadas Einsatzgruppe en retaguardia de la Wehrmacht, han sido encar-

gadas de masacres gigantescas.

Por último, gracias por su invitación. Aceptaré encantada, con

una condición: que las cámaras de televisión estén presentes con igual

tiempo concedido, para que usted me pueda convencer, como parece

estar seguro de ello, y yo, en cambio, expondré mis argumentos para

que sea el pueblo el juez de la razón más convincente.

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27:

CAPÍTULO 18

UNA SENTENCIA HISTÓRICA

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Violeta Friedman nació en una pequeña ciudad de la región deTransilvania llamada Marghita (hoy Rumanía) en abril de 1930. De familiajudía, su vida estuvo marcada, como la de millones de personas, por latrágica experiencia de los campos de exterminio nazis. Antes de cumplirlos catorce años fue deportada, con otros miembros de su familia, altristemente conocido campo de Auschwitz-Birkenau, del que tuvo lasuerte de salir con vida. Relata en estas memorias su peripecia para

cruzar las fronteras rumanas con destino a Canadá, su complicada vidamatrimonial en Venezuela y su traslado a España con sus dos hijos. Lo quehizo de Violeta una mujer única fue su batalla judicial durante seis añoscontra el general nazi Leon Degrelle, fundador del Partido Rexista belga,exiliado en España, consiguiendo la victoria en el Tribunal Constitucional

en 1991. Se convirtió en una activista contra el olvido, haciendo unabrillante defensa de los derechos humanos y luchando contra toda

manifestación de intolerancia, xenofobia, odio y fanatismo. Ella sabía queeste libro daría continuidad a esa admirable labor: “Sé que mi voz se

pierde en el ruido del tiempo, en el devastador ruido del tiempo. Con estelibro espero que las nuevas generaciones puedan oír mi ruego: que ellas

continúen mi trabajo. ¡Que no nos olviden!”.

ANEXO DE IMÁGENES

MI PADRE, MIKLÓS FRIEDMAN, CUANDO ERA MUY JOVEN.

MI HERMANA EVA Y YO CON NUESTROS PADRES, NUESTROS ABUELOS Y EL HERMANO DE MI MADRE.

LA VIDA DE INFANCIA ANTES DE LA DEPORTACIÓN. EN EL CENTRO MI HERMANA Y YO.

MI MADRE, MARGIT KLEINMAN, RECIEN CASADA.

UNA OBRA DE TEATRO EN MARGHITA. MI HERMANA ES LA PRIMERA DE LA IZQUIERDA Y YO LA PRIMERA SENTADA A LA DERECHA.


AUSCHWITZ: “EL TRABAJO OS HARÁ LIBRES”. EL HERRERO JUDÍO PUSO LA B INVERTIDA COMO ACTO DE REBELDÍA.

LA ESPLANADA DE BIRKENAU DONDE MENGELE MANDABA A LOS RECIÉN LLEGADOS A LA MUERTE INMEDIATA O APLAZADA (FOTO RECIENTE) .

EN ESTOS BARRACONES ESTUVIERON VIOLETA FRIEDMAN Y SU HERMANA EVA (FOTO RECIENTE).


TOCAR UNA ALAMBRADA SIGNIFICABA LA MUERTE INSTANTÁNEA, SI LOS CENTINELAS DE LAS TORRES DE

VIGILANCIA NO ABATÍAN ANTES DE UN DISPARO AL QUE OSARA ACERCARSE (FOTO RECIENTE).

RESTOS DE UNA DE LAS SEIS CÁMARAS DE GAS Y CREMATORIOS CON LOS CAMPOS DE CENIZAS AL FONDO

DONDE FUERON ASESINADAS MÁS DE UN MILLÓN DE SERES HUMANOS (FOTO RECIENTE).

LÉON DEGRELLE CON HITLER.

LÉON DEGRELLE NACIONALIZADO ESPAÑOL.

A RAÍZ DE LA EXHUMACIÓN DEL CADAVER DE JOSEF MENGELE.

DECLARACIONES DE LÉON DEGRELLE A LA REVISTA TIEMPO DEL 29 DE JULIO DE 1985.


FUE EN EL OTOÑO DE 1947 CUANDO DECIDIMOS EMIGRAR A CANADÁ. AQUELLO PARECÍA UNA COMEDIA DE ENREDO: CUANDO YA TENÍAMOS PREPARADOS TODOS LOS

PAPELES COMO ALICE NEUFELD, ENVIADO DESDE OTTAWA APARECIÓ AL FIN MI PERMISO PARA IBOLYA FRIEDMAN (EN LAS DOS FOTOS, VIOLETA CARACTERIZADA COMO ALICE NEUFELD, A LA IZQUIERDA Y

COMO IBOLYA FRIEDMAN, A LA DERECHA).

CON MIS HIJOS RICARDO Y PATRICIA EN 1961.EN MONTREAL MIS TÍOS ME RECIBIERON DESDE EL PRIMER MOMENTO CON MUCHO AMOR, COMO SI FUERA

UNA VERDADERA HIJA (1951).


MI HERMANA CON EL NÚMERO A10221 TATUADO EN EL BRAZO, SEÑAL QUE LOS ALEMANES RESERVABAN A AQUE-LLOS PRISIONEROS DESTINADOS A TRABAJAR COMO ESCLAVOS.

MI HERMANA EVA, CON SU MARIDO JOAN, EN EL LAGO BALATÓN (1965).

MI HERMANA EVA EN 1953.

EN 1951. EN 1953. EN 1994.


AGRESIONES VERBALES DE CEDADE EN LA AUDIENCIA PROVINCIAL

ENTREVISTAS Y HOMENAJES.

JUAN ADRIANSENS ME PINTÓ ASÍ.


El fin principal de la Fundación Violeta Friedman es trabajar por perpetuar la memoria, vida y obra de VioletaFriedman y, en especial, su lucha contra el antisemitismo, el racismo y la intolerancia. y, por extensión, también

tiene como fines: luchar por la libertad, la justicia y la paz basados en el reconocimiento de la dignidad intrínseca yde los derechos iguales e inalienables de toda la humanidad, sin que pueda prevalecer discriminación alguna por

razón de nacimiento, sexo, etnia, religión, opinión o cualquier otra condición o circunstancia personal o social.

Fundación Violeta Friedman

Violeta Friedman nació en una pequeña ciudad de la región deTransilvania llamada Marghita (hoy Rumanía) en abril de 1930. De familiajudía, su vida estuvo marcada, como la de millones de personas, por latrágica experiencia de los campos de exterminio nazis. Antes de cumplirlos catorce años fue deportada, con otros miembros de su familia, altristemente conocido campo de Auschwitz-Birkenau, del que tuvo lasuerte de salir con vida. Relata en estas memorias su peripecia para

cruzar las fronteras rumanas con destino a Canadá, su complicada vidamatrimonial en Venezuela y su traslado a España con sus dos hijos. Lo quehizo de Violeta una mujer única fue su batalla judicial durante seis añoscontra el general nazi Leon Degrelle, fundador del Partido Rexista belga,exiliado en España, consiguiendo la victoria en el Tribunal Constitucional

en 1991. Se convirtió en una activista contra el olvido, haciendo unabrillante defensa de los derechos humanos y luchando contra toda

manifestación de intolerancia, xenofobia, odio y fanatismo. Ella sabía queeste libro daría continuidad a esa admirable labor: “Sé que mi voz se

pierde en el ruido del tiempo, en el devastador ruido del tiempo. Con estelibro espero que las nuevas generaciones puedan oír mi ruego: que ellas

continúen mi trabajo. ¡Que no nos olviden!”.

mis memorias. violeta friedman def · 2020-03-19 · violeta friedman(ff).indd 5 9/3/15 13:55:17....

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