lectura basica ingles v

Lectura básica de Inglés V C.B.T.A. No. 289, Corral Falso, Gro. Elaboró L.I. Elith Avilés Ochoa

Todos los derechos reservados a las fuentes de información referidas.

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CENTRO DE BACHILLERATO

TECNOLÓGICO

AGROPECUARIO NO. 289

LECTURA BÁSICA DE INGLÉS V

ELABORADO POR:

L.I. ELITH AVILÉS OCHOA

AGOSTO 4 DE 2014

CORRAL FALSO, GRO.



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ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDO

1. ESTRATEGIAS DE LECTURA .................................................................................................................... 3

1.1. Estrategia SKIMMING ........................................................................................................................... 3

1.2. Estrategia SCANNING ........................................................................................................................... 4

2. REFERENTES, CONECTORES, PREFIJOS Y SUFIJOS ............................................................................. 5

2.1. Referentes (Referents) ............................................................................................................................. 5

2.2. Conectores (Conectors or linking words) ................................................................................................. 5

2.3. Prefijos y sufijos (Prefixes and suffixes) .................................................................................................. 7

3. TIPOS DE TEXTOS .................................................................................................................................... 10

3.1. What is text? (¿Qué es un texto?) .......................................................................................................... 10

3.2. Presuasive texts (Textos Persuasivos) .................................................................................................... 10

3.3. Informative texts (Textos Informativos) ................................................................................................. 11

3.4. Instructive texts (Textos Instructivos) .................................................................................................... 12

3.5. Descriptive texts (Textos Descriptivos) ................................................................................................. 13



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1. ESTRATEGIAS DE LECTURA

OBJETIVO: Al término de la presente unidad el estudiante será capaz de utilizar las estrategias de

lectura: SCANNING Y SKIMMNIG, mismas que le permitirán obtener información básica de cualquier

texto en inglés, de manera inductiva, fomentando en el estudiante su pensamiento en inglés.

1.1. Estrategia SKIMMING

Skimming

Lectura rápida de todo el texto sin detenerse en las palabras que no se conocen y poniendo en práctica

las estrategias de lectura que se indican en el cuadro. Esta debe practicarse siempre como primer paso

para la comprensión de textos en inglés.

Examen Superficial

Observación rápida de todo el texto sin enfocar la atención en una parte específica, y al final obtener los

puntos para saber de qué trata el tema.

Títulos y subtítulos

Indican en muy pocas palabras el contenido; además, por su localización es lo primero que se observa.

Apoyos visuales

Diagramas, fotografías, dibujos y figuras que muestran en forma ilustrada lo que presenta el texto en

forma escrita o, en otras ocasiones, agregan información u otros datos acerca del tema.



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Distribución del texto

Observar la forma en que está distribuido el texto en la hoja proporciona una clave muy importante para

saber de qué se trata, ya que se toma conocimiento de cómo se distribuye un texto para una información,

un reporte, una historia, una receta, un poema, etc.

Tipografía

Diferentes tamaños y tipos de letra que existen en un texto. Por lo general, se usan letras grandes para

títulos y las de color más oscuro (negritas) para enfatizar y las cursivas (inclinadas) para definir o

ejemplificar.

Cognados

También llamados palabras transparentes, son una estrategia que se considera de gran ayuda para la

comprensión de la lectura, ya que la mayoría de los textos en ingles tienen cognados. Son palabras que

su escritura se asemeja mucho en inglés como a su equivalente en español.

Palabras repetidas

Cuando una palabra se repite varias veces en un texto, es lógico deducir que este se refiere al concepto

de dicha palabra; además estas palabras ayudan para captar mejor el tema del texto.

Familias de palabras

Palabras similares, las cuales presentan la misma raíz o palabras base; aunque con diferente prefijo o

sufijo, se dice que estas forman una familia de palabras.

1.2. Estrategia SCANNING

La interpretación de esta palabra en español es “búsqueda de información específica” y se lleva a cabo

cuando se indaga sobre un dato preciso.



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2. REFERENTES, CONECTORES, PREFIJOS Y SUFIJOS

OBJETIVO: Al término de la presente unidad el estudiante habrá adquirido las herramientas

gramaticales para reconocer los elementos básicos en la comprensión de la lectura.

2.1. Referentes (Referents)

WHAT IS A REFERENT?

Words are used to represent things and experiences in the real or imagined world. Different words can

be used to describe the same thing or experience.

Definition

A referent is the concrete object or concept that is designated by a word or expression. A referent is an

object, action, state, relationship, or attribute in the referential real.

Example:

Historically, there was only one person called George Washington, the first president of the United

States. He can be referred to in a text in many ways, such as

the president

Mr. Washington

he, or even

my friend.

Even though there are many ways to talk about him, there is only one referent in the referential realm.

What is reference?

Here are two senses for reference:

1. Reference is the symbolic relationship that a linguistic expression has with the concrete object or

abstraction it represents.

2. Reference is the relationship of one linguistic expression to another, in which one provides the

information necessary to interpret the other.

Examples

Here is an example of reference:

A pronoun refers to the noun antecedent that is used to interpret it.

2.2. Conectores (Conectors or linking words)

What is a connector or linking word?

Linking words normally form a link between clauses WITHIN a sentence.

(and but so because then until such as)

Another type of linking device is used to form a link BETWEEN sentences. These words must start with

a capital letter and are usually immediately followed by a comma: (Furthermore, Moreover, However,

Nevertheless, Therefore, in conclusion,)

The function of linking words

Linking devices are neither nouns, nor verbs. They provide a text with cohesion and illustrate how the

parts of the text relate to each other. Here are some of the functions which linking words provide.



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Adding extra information to the main point, contrasting ideas, expressing cause and effect, showing

exactly when something happened (narrating), expressing purpose (why?) and opinion, listing examples,

making conclusions and giving emphasis.



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* Avoid starting a sentence with these words.

The linking words beginning with a capital letter often start a sentence, for those without, position in a

sentence is optional.

2.3. Prefijos y sufijos (Prefixes and suffixes)

Using context clues is one way to discover the meaning of an unfamiliar word. Another way is word

analysis that is, looking at the meaning of parts of words. Many English words have been formed by

combining parts of older English, Greek, and Latin words. If you know the meanings of some of these

word parts, you can often guess the meaning of an unfamiliar English word, particularly in context.

For example, report is formed from re-, wich means back, and-port, wich means carry. Scientist is derived

from sci-, wich means know, and -ist, wich means one who. Re and ist are called affixes, that is, word



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parts that are attached to seems. Affixes like re, wich are attached to baginnings of stems, are called

prefixes. Affixes attached to the end, like ist, are called suffixes. Generally, prefixes change the meaning

of a word, and siffixes change its part of speech.

New words can be formed in English by adding prefixes to other words. If you add them to other words

they change the meaning.

Organize Reorganize

Copy Miscopy

Standard Substandard

Negative prefixes.

There are many different ways of forming negative words by adding prefixes. First look at these

examples.

Un- fair unfair

Dis- like dislike

In- visible invisible

Non- smoker non-smoker

Some adjectives beginning with ( l ), ( p ) or ( r ) form negatives likes this:

Il- legal ilegal

Im- possible impossible

Ir- regular irregular

SUFFIXES. New words can be formed in English by adding suffixes to other words. These are added to the ends of

words. Some suffixes form adjectives which refer to the characteristic associated with the noun they are

related to.

-al -ary -atic -ly -ish –able

Sometimes the stress moves in the adjective:

Disciplinary= having the features of discipline.

Programmatic= referring to programmer

A further suffix:

Fortnightly= refers to fortnight

The there is this suffix which allows you to form adjectives from either adjectives or nouns:

Smallish= fairly small

Foolish= like a fool

There is one suffix practiced here which enables you to form adjectives from verbs:

Controllable= it is possible to control

Note that two other are also used with similar meanings:



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3. TIPOS DE TEXTOS

OBJETIVO: Al término de la presente unidad el estudiante será capaz de identificar diversos tipos de

texto así como habrá adquirido las habilidades para redactar textos en inglés.

3.1. What is text? (¿Qué es un texto?)

Text is any piece of writing. This could be a letter, an email, a novel, a poem, a recipe, a note, instructions,

an article in a newspaper or magazine, writing on a webpage or an advert. All of these examples can be

called texts.

When you are reading or writing any text think about the purpose of the text or why it has been written.

What might the purpose of a text be?

An advert might be trying to persuade you to buy something.

A letter from school might be to inform you about something.

A novel might describe somewhere or someone to you.

A car manual might instruct you how to do something to your car.

Depending on the purpose of the text, different methods will be used to get the message across to the

reader.

For more specific information on some of the different types of text see the Persuasive texts, Informative

texts, Instructive texts and Descriptive texts.

3.2. Presuasive texts (Textos Persuasivos)

A persuasive text is a text that really wants you to do something.

An advert might want you to buy something.

You might write a letter to persuade a friend to go on holiday with you, or to try and get off a parking

ticket.

Persuasive texts might use:

repeated words

text in capital letters

exclamation marks

rhetorical questions (questions where no answer is needed)

an emotional one-sided argument

humor




Example:

3.3. Informative texts (Textos Informativos)

An informative text is a text that wants to advise or tell you about something.

A newspaper article might give you information about a health issue like giving up smoking.

A website might give you information about a movie, band or something that you are interested in.

A handout from school might be advising you about what your child will be doing during the next term.

Informative texts usually:

avoid repetition

contain facts




give information in a clear way - introducing the subject and then developing it

Example:

3.4. Instructive texts (Textos Instructivos)

An instructive text is a text that instructs or tells you how to do something.

A recipe wants to instruct you how to cook something. A leaflet with a piece of furniture wants to tell

you how to put it together or take care of it.

Instructive texts:

are written as though the reader is being spoken to - (although the word 'you' is not usually used)

language is direct and unnecessary words are left out

often use 'must' and 'must not'

sometimes use diagrams or pictures to help understanding




Examples:

3.5. Descriptive texts (Textos Descriptivos)

A descriptive text is a text that wants you to picture what they are describing.

A novel might want you to imagine the characters and see them in your mind.

A travel book will want you to see the country it is describing.

Descriptive texts usually:

make use of adjectives and adverbs

use comparisons to help picture it - something is like something

employ your five senses - how it feels, smells, looks, sounds and tastes




Examples:




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BEARICE S. Mikulecky, Linda Jeffries. Basic Reading Power, by Addison Wesley Longman.

NY. 1997.

BREWSTER, Simon, Davies Paul, Rogers Mickey, Garside Barbara. Skyline 5 Workbook.

Editorial McMillan. China 2003.

BREWSTER, Simon, Davies Paul, Rogers Mickey. Skyline 4 Student’s book. Editorial

McMillan. China 2002.

Trends 5 Student book, Llanas Angela, Editorial Macmillan.

Reading Explorer 5. Editorial National Geographic.

Secuencias de Aprendizaje Ingles 5, DGETA.

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