la organización comunitaria ii

8/18/2019 La Organización Comunitaria II

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DESARROLLO COMUNITARIO VI

LA ORGANIZACIÓN COMUNITARIA


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ÍNDICE

CARACTERÍSTICAS QUE DEBEN TENER LAS ORGANIZACIONES ECONÓMICASRURALES...................................................................................................................................2

CARACTERÍSTICAS JURÍDICAS DE LAS FIGURAS ASOCIATIVAS...................................3

Figura a!"ia#i$a "i$i%...........................................................................................................&

Figura a!"ia#i$a '(r"a)#i%..................................................................................................*

FORMAS DE ORGANIZACIÓN..................................................................................................+

Orga)i,a"i!)( %(ga%(...........................................................................................................+

Orga)i,a"i!)( F!r'a%(........................................................................................................-

Orga)i,a"i!)( I)!r'a%(..................................................................................................../0

TI1OS DE ORGANIZACIONES................................................................................................//1!%#i"a..................................................................................................................................//

E"!)'i"a.........................................................................................................................../3

S!"ia%(................................................................................................................................./4

Cu%#ura%(.............................................................................................................................../4

TRABAJOS COLECTIVOS5 1EQUE6AS 7 MEDIANAS EM1RESAS..................................../&

E%a8!rar (#a#u#!................................................................................................................../&

E%a8!rar r(g%a'()#! 9( #ra8a:!.........................................................................................../*

A;(r#ura 9( u)a "u()#a 8a)"aria........................................................................................../-

R((r()"ia 8i8%i!gr


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CARACTERÍSTICAS QUE DEBEN TENER LAS ORGANIZACIONES ECONÓMICASRURALES

I)9(;()9i()#('()#( 9( %a igura :ur9i"a > (% )i$(% 9( !rga)i,a"i) ?u( #()ga u)a

!rga)i,a"i) 9( ;r!9u"#!r(@ 9(8(r< "!)i9(rar () u !;(ra"i) %a igui()#("ara"#(r#i"a 9((a8%( ;ara u 9(arr!%%! u#()#a8%(5

→ Objetivos: C!) 8a( () u )("(i9a9( "!'u)(@ %a !rga)i,a"i!)( ("!)'i"a

9(8() 9(i)ir u !8:(#i$! g()(ra%( > (;("i"!@ a "!'! %! 9( "!r#!@ '(9ia)! > %arg!

;%a,!. #! !ri()#a) %a a"#i$i9a9( 9( %9(r(@ au#!ri9a9(@ !"i! > a!"ia9!. La

9("ii) > ;ar#i"i;a"i) "!):u)#a > ;%a)ii"a9a %%($a a %a !rga)i,a"i!)( a% "u';%i'i()#!

"a8a% 9( u !8:(#i$!.→ Prograas ! etas: S( u#i%i,a) ;ara "ua)#ii"ar %! !8:(#i$! 9( %a (';r(a@

!r9()a)9!@ 'i9i()9!@ "!9ii"a)9!@ $a%ua)9! > r(!ri()#a)9!@ #a)#! %! "!)#()i9! "!'! %a

a""i!)( > %a (#ra#(gia a"!r9a9a ?u( ;(r'i#a) !;(rar a %a (';r(a () u)

9(#(r'i)a9! )i$(% 9( i#!.→ Re"#rsos $%si"os ! a'os: Su 9(#(""i)@ '(9i"i)@ "%aii"a"i) > ;!#()"ia%@ ;(r'i#( a

%a !rga)i,a"i!)( u#i%i,ar #! 9( %a 'a)(ra '

!8:(#i$!.→ Divisi(' )e* trabajo: D(i)( (#ru"#ura !rga)i,a"i!)a%( () u)"i) 9( %! r("ur!

u'a)! > %! r("ur! i"! aig)a9! "!)!r'( a !8:(#i$! 9( ;r!9u""i) >

;r!9u"#i$i9a9. S!) i#('a 9( r(;!)a8i%i9a9( > ;r!"(9i'i()#! ?u( i(';r( ( 9a)

() %a !rga)i,a"i!)( ;ara #()(r #!#a%'()#( 9(i)i9! %! r!%( > u)"i!)( 9( %!

!rga)igra'a. S( r(?ui(r( "!)#(';%ar %a "!)#ra#a"i) 9( ;r!(i!)a%( () %! a;("#!

a9'i)i#ra#i$!@ i)a)"i(r!@ 9( #ra)!r'a"i) > "!'(r"ia%(.→ Norativi)a) i'ter'a: E) %a a"#i$i9a9( ("!)'i"a 9( u)a !rga)i,a"i)@ %! a"u(r9!

9( i)#(r(( ()#r( u 'i('8r!@ ?u( ( (%($a) a )!r'a > r(g%a'()#! ?u( 9(8()"u';%ir@ "ara"#(ri,a) %a !r'a%i9a9@ "!)#i)ui9a9 > #ra"()9()"ia 9( %a a"#i$i9a9( 9( #a.

E) %a '(9i9a () ?u( ( 9a "u';%i'i()#! a %! ;r("(;#!@ ( a$a),a () %a i)#(gra"i) >

"!(r()"ia !;(ra#i$a 9( %a !rga)i,a"i!)(. Cu(#i!)( 8 !8%iga"i!)( 9( %! !"i!@ %a a"u%#a9( > %i'i#a"i!)( 9( %a au#!ri9a9(@ %!

2


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i)"()#i$! > a)"i!)( ;ara "a9a u)! 9( %! !"i!@ %a "!)#i#u"i) > !;(ra"i) 9(% "a;i#a%@

(% rgi'() 9( r(;!)a8i%i9a9@ %a a9'i)i#ra"i) 9(% ri(g!@ %! rga)! 9( "!)#r!%@ (#".→ Co'"ie'"ia )e +erte'e'"ia: La i9()#ii"a"i) ;(r!)a% ?u( "a9a !"i! #i()( "!) %! !#r!

> "!) %a ;r!;ia !rga)i,a"i) 9(i)( %! ?u( !"i!%gi"a'()#( ( %%a'a "!)"i()"ia 9(

;(r#()()"ia@ u)! 9( %! a"#!r( ?u( 9(#(r'i)a) (% i#! ! ra"a! 9( %! ;r!>("#! > 9(

%a ;r!;ia !rga)i,a"i!)(@ >a ?u( 'u"a $("( #a ig)ii"a u) i)$!%u"ra'i()#!

a9i"i!)a% ;ara "!)(guir %! !8:(#i$! (#a8%("i9! > a"(r a;!r#( () i)i"ia#i$a@ r("ur!@

#ra8a:!@ #i(';!@ (#". L! a)#(ri!r ( r(u(r,a "!) u)a i9()#ii"a"i) ;%()a ;!r ;ar#( 9( %!

i)#(gra)#( 9( u)a !rga)i,a"i) 9(% gra9! 9( a;r!;ia"i) ?u( #i()() () %a 'i'a@ (

9("ir@ u ;ar#i"i;a"i) ("!)'i"a 9(8( (#ar ;(r("#a'()#( 9(i)i9a () a;!r#a"i!)(@

;ar#( !"ia%( ! a""i!)( 9(% "a;i#a% #!#a% 9( %a 'i'a.→ I'tera""i(' $ora*: 1!r %#i'!@ "a8( 9(#a"ar %a i';!r#a)"ia 9( %a i)#(ra""i) !r'a% ()#r(

%! i)#(gra)#( 9( u)a !rga)i,a"i)@ > ()#r( #a > !#ra !rga)i,a"i!)(@ ?u( ;r!;i"i( (%i)#(r"a'8i! 9( (;(ri()"ia@ >a ?u( 'u"a $("( #a 9(#(r'i)a) %a "ara"#(ri,a"i)@ (%

a) %a ;r!;ia r(!ri()#a"i) 9( %a !rga)i,a"i!)(. L! a)#(ri!r ;r!;i"ia %a

r(a%i,a"i) 9( ;%a)( 9( )(g!"i! "!):u)#! ?u( i)"r('()#() u i)gr(!.

La i';!r#a)"ia 9( "a9a u)a 9( %a "ara"#(r#i"a 9("ri#a > (% a9("ua9! "!)!"i'i()#! 9(

%a 'i'a ?u( #()ga) %! 9ir("#i$!@ u)"i!)ari!@ #")i"! > !"i! 9( %a !rga)i,a"i)@ %!

%%($ar< a r($iar%a "!)#a)#('()#( ;ara %!grar %a ;(r'a)()"ia@ "!)#i)ui9a9 > "r("i'i()#! 9(

u (';r(a () (% ()#!r)! () ?u( ( 9(()$u(%$a).

CARACTERÍSTICAS JURÍDICAS DE LAS FIGURAS ASOCIATIVAS

La ;r!'!"i) > !r'a%i,a"i) 9( %a !rga)i,a"i) ("!)'i"a ;!r ;ar#( 9( %a i)#i#u"i!)( >

g!8i(r)! 9(8() a#()9(r a %a )("(i9a9( > ;r!>("#! 9( %! ;r!9u"#!r( rura%(@

!#!rg


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Organizaciones de primer nivel: S( "!)#i#u>() ;!r ;(r!)a i"a@ () gru;! ;(?u(!

;r((r()#('()#(@ "!) a""i!)( () ;(?u(a > '(9ia)a ("a%a 'u> 8i() 9(i)i9a@ > () %a

"ua%( #!9! u !"i! ;ar#i"i;a)@ "!!;(ra) > ( r(%a"i!)a) 'u> 9ir("#a'()#(.

Organizaciones de segundo nivel: E#( )i$(% a!"ia ;ri)"i;a%'()#( a ;(r!)a '!ra%(@ (

9("ir@ !rga)i,a"i!)( 9( ;ri'(r )i$(%. La #!'a 9( 9("ii!)( ( a"( a #ra$ 9(r(;r(()#a)#( 9( %! a!"ia9!. A%gu)a igura ;u(9() #()(r a!"ia9a a ;(r!)a i"a

> '!ra%( a% 'i'! #i(';!.

Organizaciones de tercer nivel: S!) %a ?u( ( "!)!r'a) "!) !rga)i,a"i!)( 9( ;ri'(r >

(gu)9! )i$(% "!'! ;(r!)a '!ra%(. E) (% "a! 9( %a S!"i(9a9( A))i'a@ ;u(9()

i)"%uir ;(r!)a i"a@ a9('!r $a%!r agr(ga9!@ i';u%! a agr!)(g!"i!

> (';r(a 9( (r$i"i!.

E) (% igui()#( gr


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(9u"a#i$!@ 9( 9i$u%ga"i)@ 9(;!r#i$!@ ! 9( )9!%( i'i%ar@ "!) (% !8:(#! 9( !'()#ar ()#r(

u !"i! >! #(r"(r! a%gu)a a"#i$i9a9 !"i!H"u%#ura%.

La %(gi%a"i) !8r( a!"ia"i!)i'! 9( %! 9i#i)#! ;a( (ig( ;ara u "!)#i#u"i) > ;%()!

(:(r"i"i! 9(#(r'i)a9! r(?uii#! ;r($i!@ a9(' 9i!%u"i). E) %)(a g()(ra%( %a 'a>!r ;ar#( 9( %a )!r'a (#a#a%(

r(?ui(r()5

/. Qu( a>a u) )'(r! ')i'! 9( 'i('8r! ;ara u "!)#i#u"i).2. Qu( (% a"#a 9( u "r(a"i) > u (#a#u#! ( ;r(()#() !@ () u "a!@ (a)

a;r!8a9!@ a)#( ! ;!r u) rga)! 9( %a a9'i)i#ra"i) ;8%i"a.3. Qu( %a )!r'a i)#(r)a 9( u)"i!)a'i()#! 9iga) "ua)9! ?ui(ra)@ a% '()!@ u) :((@

u) ar#"u%! (:("u#i$! 9( 9ir(""i)@ > u)a aa'8%(a g()(ra% "!';u(#a ;!r #!9! %!

'i('8r! 9( %a (9(ra"i) :u9i"ia%.4. Qu( (% ;r!"(9i'i()#! 9( $!#a"i!)( i)#(r)a ( a:u#( a u) ')i'! 9( r(g%a

9('!"ra) (%

gru(! 9( u a"#i$i9a9 !"ia%. La !"i(9a9 "i$i% ( u)a ()"i%%a !r'a 9( a!"ia"i) ()#r(

;(r!)a "!) u) ;r!>("#! (';r(aria% "!'). C!)i#( () u) "!)#ra#! ;ri$a9! 9(

"!%a8!ra"i)@ () (#( ar#"u%! #( i)9i"a'! "u


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'(r"a)#i% "!) (% i) 9( !8#()(r 8()(i"i!@ a;!r#a)9! "a9a u)! 9( %! !"i! %! 8i()(@

9i)(r! ! #ra8a:! )("(ari!. A% igua% ?u( %a C!'u)i9a9( 9( Bi()(@ ( u)a !;"i)

r("!'()9a8%( () ;(?u(! )(g!"i! ?u( )! (i:a) a;()a i)$(ri!)( > () %! ?u( (

;r(i(ra !;#ar ;!r u)a g(#i) ()"i%%a. N! !8#a)#(@ ( u)a !;"i) ;!"! (#()9i9a.

Figura a!"ia#i$a '(r"a)#i%

U)a !"i(9a9 ( u)a ()#i9a9 ;r!;ia > 9i#i)#a@ "u()#a "!) u) ;a#ri'!)i! "!') > "!) %a

;ar#i"i;a"i) 9( %! !"i!. C!';ar#( u) i)#(r ! ;r!;i#! () "!'). 1!9('! 9("ir ?u(

u)a S!"i(9a9 M(r"a)#i% ( %a u)i) 9( 9! ! ' 9(;()9i()9! 9(% #i;! 9( !"i(9a9 ?u( (%i:a)@ a (r< u

r(;!)a8i%i9a9. E ;!r (!@ ?u( a8(r ?u( ( u)a S!"i(9a9 M(r"a)#i% > "u a"!r9( a u gir! (';r(aria%. S( 9("ri8( "a9a u)a 9( %a !"i(9a9(

;ara "!';r()9(r %a "ara"#(r#i"a > %i'i#a"i!)( ?u( #i()()@ a %a $(, i9()#ii"ar "ua% ( 'a %a (';r(a ! !r'( ;ar#( 9( u ra,) !"ia%.

L! (i #i;! 9( !"i(9a9( u !rga)i,a"i!)( '(r"a)#i%( () Mi"!@ a a)a%i,ar !)5

Sociedad en nombre colectivo@ Sociedad en Comandita Simple (S. en C.)@ Sociedad en

Comandita por Acciones (S. en C. por A.)@ Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada (S. de

R.L.)@ Sociedad Anónima (S.A.)@ > Sociedad Cooperativa (S.C.)@ %a "ua%( a "!)#i)ua"i) (

9("ri8()5

→ So"ie)a) e' Nobre Co*e"tivo 9(#a"a %a r(;!)a8i%i9a9 9( %! !"i! ;!r %a

!8%iga"i!)( ?u( "!)#raiga %a !"i(9a9. La "ara"#(r#i"a (()"ia%( 9( (#a

!"i(9a9 ( ?u( %a r(;!)a8i%i9a9 9( "a9a !"i! (r< %i'i#a9a@ !%i9aria > u8i9iaria

9( #!9! %! !"i!@ 9(8( #()(r "ua)9! '()! 9! !"i! ;u(#! ?u( )! (i#( u)

)'(r! ' "!';aa.6


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→ So"ie)a) e' Coa')ita Si+*e ,S- e' C- S-. ( %a r(u)i) 9( u)a ! ' g()(rar

ga)a)"ia. E) (#a ( i9()#ii"a) 9! #i;! 9( !"i! %! "!'a)9i#a9! ?u( #i()()

u)a r(;!)a8i%i9a9 i%i'i#a9a > %! "!'a)9i#ari! ?u( 9(#(r'i)a) u r(;!)a8i%i9a9

;!r u a;!r#a"i!)(.→ So"ie)a) e' Coa')ita +or A""io'es ,S- e' C- +or A-. ( u)a !"i(9a9 9( "a;i#a%

u)"i!)a%@ ( 9("ir@ "u>! "a;i#a% !"ia% )! 9(8( (r '()!r a "i)"u()#a 'i% ;(! (i#(

8a:! u)a ra,) ! 9()!'i)a"i) !"ia% > ( "!';!)( 9( u)! ! $ari! !"i!

"!'a)9i#a9! "!) r(;!)a8i%i9a9 i%i'i#a9a > 9( u)! ! $ari! !"i! "!'a)9i#ari!

?u( )i"a'()#( (# ;!r %! #a)#!@ () (% "a! 9( ?u( ( "!)#raiga) 9(u9a )!

( r(;!)9( "!) (% ;a#ri'!)i! ;(r!)a% 9( %! !"i! ( u)a !"i(9a9 i)#(r'(9ia ?u(urgi ;ara (%i'i)ar %a r(#ri""i!)( > (ig()"ia 9( %a !"i(9a9 a))i'a@ "!)#i#u>(

u) #i;! !"ia% ?u( i) a%(:ar( 9( ;%()a'()#( 9( %! (?u('a ;r!;i! 9( %a

!"i(9a9( 9( ;(r!)a.→ So"ie)a) A'('ia ,S-A-. ( a?u(%%a !"i(9a9 '(r"a)#i% "u>! #i#u%ar( !) () $ir#u9

9( u)a ;ar#i"i;a"i) () (% "a;i#a% !"ia% a #ra$ 9( ##u%! ! a""i!)(@ %! a""i!)i#a

)! r(;!)9() "!) u ;a#ri'!)i! ;(r!)a% 9( %a 9(u9a 9( %a !"i(9a9@ i)!

)i"a'()#( a#a %a "a)#i9a9 '


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FORMAS DE ORGANIZACIÓN

Orga)i,a"i!)( %(ga%(

U)a !rga)i,a"i) ;u(9( #()(r %a "ara"#(r#i"a %(ga%( %! "ua%@ 9a a "!)!"(r@ () ;!"a

;a%a8ra@ u i)( > (#ru"#ura. A "!)#i)ua"i)@ $(a'! a%gu)! (:(';%!5

→ Orga)i,a"i!)( "!) i)( 9( %u"r!@ !r'a%( > "()#ra%i,a9a5 C!'! %a ;(?u(a

(';r(a@ "u>! ;ri)"i;a% !8:(#i$! ( %!grar u) 8()(i"i! ! u#i%i9a9. 1ara (%%!@ #i()()

u)a (#ru"#ura !rga)i,a"i!)a% !r'a% au)?u( (a 8 i#('a !rga)i,a"i!)a%

!r'a% > 9(%(ga) a u !i"i)a r(gi!)a%( %a "a;a"i9a9 9( #!'ar 9("ii!)( ;ara

r(;!)9(r !;!r#u)a'()#( a% '(r"a9! ! a %a "!)9i"i!)( !"i!;!%#i"a 9(% ;a

9!)9( ( ()"u()#ra)@ i) #()(r ?u( !%i"i#ar au#!ri,a"i) ;ara (%%!.→ Orga)i,a"i!)( "!) i)( 9( %u"r!@ i)!r'a%( > "()#ra%i,a9a5 C!'! (:(';%!@

;!9ra'! "i#ar a %a 'i"r!(';r(a ?u( u(%() #()(r ()#r( 2 > /0 (';%(a9! !

a'i%iar( ?u( #ra8a:a) r(a%i,a)9! a%gu)a %a8!r@ %a "ua%(@ u(%() !;(rar () %ai)!r'a%i9a9 a% )! #()(r '(9i! !i"ia%( (#(r)! "!'! ;a;(%( ?u( 9a) 9( u

(i#()"ia a)#( (% (#a9! ( i)#(r)! "!'! u) !rga)igra'a. Si) ('8arg!@ #i()() (%

!8:(#i$! 9( g()(rar u) 8()(i"i! ! u#i%i9a9 > !) a%#a'()#( "()#ra%i,a9a ;!r?u( %a

au#!ri9a9 r("a( !8r( (% ;r!;i(#ari! ! :(( 9( a'i%ia.→ Orga)i,a"i!)( i) i)( 9( %u"r!@ !r'a%( > "()#ra%i,a9a5 E% (:r"i#!@ %a ;!%i"a@ %!

'i)i#(ri! > !#ra ()#i9a9( 9(% E#a9!@ !) "%ar! (:(';%! 9( (#( #i;! 9(

!rga)i,a"i!)(.→ Orga)i,a"i!)( i) i)( 9( %u"r!@ !r'a%( > 9("()#ra%i,a9a5 1!r (:(';%!@ %a ONG

i)#(r)a"i!)a%( ?u( 9(%(ga) gra) ;ar#( 9( %a #!'a 9( 9("ii!)( a u !i"i)a

r(gi!)a%( ;ara ?u( ;u(9a) r(;!)9(r "!) ;r!)#i#u9 a %a )("(i9a9( 9( u ("#!r !

"a';! 9( a""i).→ Orga)i,a"i!)( i) i)( 9( %u"r!@ i)!r'a%( > "()#ra%i,a9a5 1!r %! g()(ra%@ !)

gru;! 9( ;(r!)a ?u( ;!r %! i)i"ia#i$a 9( u)a ;(r!)a "!)i9(ra9a %9(r 9( !;i)i)

8


10/22

a %a "ua% igu() ;!r u "ari'a > ;r(#igi! ( r()() i)!r'a%'()#( ;ara r(a%i,ar

a%gu)a a"#i$i9a9 (;("i"a@ "!'! r(u)ir r(ga%! ;ara !8(?uiar%! a )i! ;!8r( ()

)a$i9a9 ! r(u)ir !)9! ;ara a>u9ar a u)a a'i%ia () 9ii"u%#a9( ("!)'i"a@ (#".→ Orga)i,a"i!)( i) i)( 9( %u"r!@ i)!r'a%( > 9("()#ra%i,a9a5 E) a%gu)a

!"ai!)(@ %a i9(a 9( u) %9(r 9( !;i)i) ;!r (:(';%!@ 9( r(u)ir > !8(?uiar r(ga%!

() )a$i9a9 ( "!)$i(r#( () u) '!9(%! a (guir > ( K(;!r#a9!K a !#r! %ugar(

9!)9( !#ra ;(r!)a igu() %a i9(a@ ;(r!@ #!'a)9! u ;r!;ia 9("ii!)(.

Orga)i,a"i!)( F!r'a%(

E#( #i;! 9( !rga)i,a"i!)( ( "ara"#(ri,a ;!r #()(r (#ru"#ura > i#('a !i"ia%( >

9(i)i9! ;ara %a #!'a 9( 9("ii!)(@ %a "!'u)i"a"i) > (% "!)#r!%. E% u! 9( #a%(

'("a)i'! a"( ;!i8%( 9(i)ir 9( 'a)(ra (;%"i#a 9)9( > "'! ( (;ara) ;(r!)a >a"#i$i9a9( > "'! ( r()() 9( )u($!.

S(g) I9a%8(r#! Cia$()a#!@ %a !rga)i,a"i) !r'a% "!';r()9( (#ru"#ura !rga)i,a"i!)a%@

9ir("#ri"(@ )!r'a > r(g%a'()#! 9( %a !rga)i,a"i)@ ru#i)a > ;r!"(9i'i()#!@ () i)@ #!9!

%! a;("#! ?u( (;r(a) "'! %a !rga)i,a"i) ;r(#()9( ?u( (a) %a r(%a"i!)( ()#r( %!

rga)!@ "arg! > !"u;a)#(@ "!) %a i)a%i9a9 9( ?u( u !8:(#i$! (a) a%"a),a9! > u

(?ui%i8ri! i)#(r)! (a 'a)#()i9!.

E#( #i;! 9( !rga)i,a"i!)( !r'a%(@ ;u(9() a u $(,@ #()(r u)! ! '( %a !r'a (#ru"#ura% ' r(;!)a8i%i9a9 ()#r( u;(ri!r > u8!r9i)a9!. D( a

u !r'a#! ;ira'i9a%. Ca9a g(r()#( r("i8( > #ra)'i#( #!9! %! ?u( ;aa () u


11/22

%a a)#igP(9a9 u#i%i,a8a) (% ;ri)"i;i! u)"i!)a% ;ara %a 9i(r()"ia"i) 9( a"#i$i9a9( !

u)"i!)(. E% ;ri)"i;i! u)"i!)a% (;ara@ 9i#i)gu( > (;("ia%i,a5 E (% g(r'() 9(% #a→ Orga)i,a"i) L)(aHS#a5 E% #i;! 9( !rga)i,a"i) %)(aH#a ( (% r(u%#a9! 9( %a

"!'8i)a"i) 9( %! #i;! 9( !rga)i,a"i) %i)(a% > u)"i!)a%@ 8u"a)9! i)"r('()#ar %a

$()#a:a 9( (! 9! #i;! 9( !rga)i,a"i) > r(9u"ir u 9($()#a:a. E) %a

!rga)i,a"i) %)(aH#a@ (i#() "ara"#(r#i"a 9(% #i;! %i)(a% > 9(% #i;! u)"i!)a%@

r(u)i9a ;ara ;r!;!r"i!)ar u) #i;! !rga)i,a"i!)a% '


12/22

TI1OS DE ORGANIZACIONES

1!%#i"aLa !rga)i,a"i) ;!%#i"a ( %a (;r(i) i)#i#u"i!)a% 9( u)a i9(!%!ga ! 9( u) (#a9! 9(

"!)"i()"ia 9(% ;u(8%! () #!r)! a 9(#(r'i)a9! au)#! ;8%i"! 9( i)#(r g()(ra%. E#a (

"ara"#(ri,a ;!r u "a;a"i9a9 9( i)%uir () (% ()! 9( %a !"i(9a9 ;!%#i"a. T!9a !rga)i,a"i)

;!%#i"a ( ;r!9u"#! 9( u)a r(a%i9a9 i#ri"!H!"ia%@ > ( (;r(a a #ra$ 9( (%('()#!

u8:(#i$! ! i)'a#(ria%( > !8:(#i$! ! 'a#(ria%(@ 9!)9( %! ;ri'(r! "!)#i#u>() a"#!r(

(#ru"#ura%( >a (a u'a)! ! ;r!gra'( a%g) #i;! 9(

"ua%i9a9 (;("ia% ?u( %( "!)i(r( (% ;!9(r ;!%#i"!. Dura)#( %a E9a9 M(9ia@ ig)ii" %a

u)ii"a"i) 9( %! 9i#i)#! (#a'()#! 9( ;!9(r@ ;ara ;r!;i"iar u) ;!9(r "!)"()#ra9!

> "()#ra%i,a9!@ ?u( (r< (% ?u( %u(g! r("%a'( (% ;u(8%!.• La )i"ta)#ras@ ' %a ;a#ria.• La aristo"ra"ia u )!'8r( ( u) #r'i)! gri(g! ?u( ig)ii"a g!8i(r)! 9( %!

'(:!r(. F!r'a 9( g!8i(r)! %iga9a a u) '!9(%! 9( !"i(9a9 "(rra9a@ () %a ?u( %!

;!"! ?u( !#()#a) (% ;!9(r %! a"() () $ir#u9 9( %a ;!(i) 9( "i(r#a

"ara"#(r#i"a ;r(#()9i9a ( i9(a%'()#(@ ;!r (r ;!r#a9!r( 9( %a $ir#u9@ ;(r!

(("#i$a'()#( > () %a 'a>!ra 9( %! "a! ;!r (r #(rra#()i()#(. E) %a i9(a ;%a#)i"a

9( ari#!"ra"ia ()"!)#ra'! %a (ig()"ia 9( %a ;r(;ara"i) 9( %! g!8(r)a)#( %a

11


13/22

ari#!"ra"ia@ ;!r #a)#!@ ( (rig( u) '!9(%! 9( g!8i(r)! 9((a8%( ;u( ( (

g!8(r)a9! ;!r ?ui() a8( a"(r%!@ (% ;!9(r )! ( 9i;(ra@ ;(r!@ a %a $(,@ )! r(i9(

() %a $!%u)#a9 9( u) !%! i)9i$i9u!. La 9(g()(ra"i) 9( %a ari#!"ra"ia () !%igar?ua

$i()( "ua)9! ( u;(9i#a (% 8i() "!') a% i)#(r 9( %! g!8(r)a)#(.

La !r'a 9( g!8i(r)! no absolutistas !) a?u(%%a () %a ?u( (i#( u)a 9i$ii) 9(

;!9(r(@ 9( 'a)(ra ?u( (% ;!9(r )! r("a( #!9! % () u)a 'i'a i)#i#u"i) ! ;(r!)a. E)

(#( gru;! ()"!)#ra'! %a 9('!"ra"ia '!9(r)a "!) #!9a u $aria)#(. La 9('!"ra"ia 9(

%! E#a9! '!9(r)! ( "ara"#(ri,a a9('a

a"#ua"i) ( ()"u()#ra !'(#i9a a (a %(>. La "ara"#(r#i"a@ ;u(@ 9( %a 9('!"ra"ia

%i8(ra%( !) %a igui()#(5

• Imperio de la ley @ ?u( rig( a g!8(r)a)#( > "iu9a9a)!@ ;(r! #()i()9! () "u()#a ?u(

K%a %(> ( %a (;r(i) 9( %a $!%u)#a9 g()(ra%K@ ( 9("ir@ "r(a9a "!) %i8r( ;ar#i"i;a"i) >

r(;r(()#a"i) 9( %! i)#(gra)#( 9(% gru;! !"ia%.

• División de poderes5 %(gi%a#i$!@ (:("u#i$! > :u9i"ia%@ "!) ;r(9!'i)i! 9(% ;!9(r

%(gi%a#i$!@ ;ri'(r! "!)#i#u"i!)a% > %u(g! ;ar%a'()#ari!@ "!)"r(#a9! () %a

"!rr(;!)9i()#( )!r'a :ur9i"a. La i)#i#u"i) ?u( r(;r(()#a %a !8(ra)a ;!;u%ar

( %a ?u( u'i)i#ra %(ga%i9a9 > %(gi#i'i9a9 a %a i)#i#u"i) ?u( (:(r"( %a a""i)

gu8(r)a'()#a%.

• Fiscalización de la administración5 a"#ua"i) (g) %(> () #!9! %! r9()( > )i$(%(

9( (%%a ;!9(r (:("u#i$!@ a "!'! "!)("u()#( > (i"a, "!)#r!% ;!r %! "!';(#()#(

rga)! "!)#i#u"i!)a%( > :uri9i""i!)a%(. I)#(r9i""i) 9( %a ar8i#rari(9a9 > r(;(#!

(#ri"#!@ ;u(@ a% ;ri)"i;i! 9( %(ga%i9a9 > a u i';%i"a"i!)( ;!r #!9! %! u)"i!)ari!

> (r$i9!r( 9(% E#a9!.

• Derechos y libertades !ndamentales@ gara)#a :ur9i"a@ a "!'! (("#i$a

r(a%i,a"i) 'a#(ria% 9( %a (ig()"ia #i"a > ;!%#i"a@ ;8%i"a > ;ri$a9a@ ?u(@(;("ii"a9a > a';%ia9a () (% #i(';! "!'! 9(r("! ("!)'i"!@ !"ia%(@

"u%#ura%( > 9( !#ra (;("i(@ "!)#i#u>() %a 8a( ;ara u)a r(a% 9ig)i9a9 > ;r!gr(i$a

igua%9a9 ()#r( #!9! %! (r( u'a)!.

• "l!ralismo social @ ;%ura%i9a9 > %i8(r#a9 9( ;ar#i9! > '!$i'i()#! !"ia%(.

12


14/22

La 9('!"ra"ia a"#ua%( !) )!r'a%'()#( r(g'()( ;ar%a'()#ari!@ 8aa9! () (%

(?ui%i8ri! ()#r( %! ;!9(r( (:("u#i$!@ %(gi%a#i$! > :u9i"ia%.

E"!)'i"aU)a !rga)i,a"i) ("!)'i"a ( a?u(%%a !"i(9a9 ?u( r(a%i,a a"#i$i9a9( ("!)'i"a ?u(

;(r'i#() %a g()(ra"i) 9( ri?u(,a '(9ia)#( %a (#ra""i)@ #ra)!r'a"i) > a #ra$ 9( %!

(r$i"i!. A;ar#( 9( %a ;r!9u""i)@ a8ar"a %a 9i#ri8u"i) > (% "!)u'! ?u( r(a%i,a) %!

ag()#( ("!)'i"! a %! "ua%( i9()#ii"a > "%aii"a %a "ua% #i()( "!'! !8:(#i$! (r$ir a u

;r!;i! "%i()#(@ a (g'()#! i';!r#a)#( ! a %a !"i(9a9 () u "!):u)#!. E) %a '(9i9a ()

?u( ( a#iaga) %a )("(i9a9( 9( %! "%i()#(@ 9i"a ()#i9a9 $(r< 'ai'i,a9! u $a%!r.

1!r (:(';%!@ %a "!!;(ra#i$a !) (';r(a ("!)'i"a 9( i)#(r !"ia% > 9(

a9'i)i#ra"i) 9('!"r a u a'i%ia > a u "!'u)i9a9.• La ;r!;i(9a9 !8r( %a (';r(a ( "!%("#i$a.• E% ')i'! 9( ;(r!)a ?u( ;u(9( "!)!r'ar u)a C!!;(ra#i$a ( 9( 20@ a%$! () (%

"a! 9( u)a C!!;(ra#i$a 9( 1r!9u""i) Agr"!%a () %a "ua% (% ')i'! 9( ;(r!)a

?u( %a "!)!r'a) ( 9( /0. N! !8#a)#(@ E% #a'a! 9( %a "!!;(ra#i$a $ara"!)i9(ra8%('()#(@ "!'! #a'8i) %! ("#!r( () %! ?u( (:(r"() u a"#i$i9a9( > %a

"%a( 9( 8()(i"i! ?u( !8#i()() u a!"ia9! > #(r"(r! 9( u !;(ra"i!)(.• 1r!;!r"i!)a a %! ai%ia9! 8i()( > (r$i"i! a '()!r "!#!.• T!9! %! !"i! #i()() igua%( 9(r("! > !8%iga"i!)(.• La ;!i8i%i9a9 9( a!"iar( > r(#irar( 9( (%%a %i8r( > $!%u)#aria'()#(• Su (#ru"#ura 9('!"r!ra > u)a g(#i) (%("#i$a r(;!)a8%( a)#( a?u(%%!• E% r(;ar#! (?ui#a#i$!@ 9i#ri8u#i$!@ ;r!;!r"i!)a%@ :u#! > %(a% 9( %! ("(9()#(.

• La "!!;(ra#i$a 9(8() "!)#i#uir( > u)"i!)ar@ u:(# ;ar#i"i;() () %a 'i'a.

13


15/22

S!"ia%(E u) gru;! 9( ;(r!)a ?u( ()#r( i i)#(ra"#a)@ () $ir#u9 9( ?u( 'a)#i()() 9(#(r'i)a9a

r(%a"i!)( !"ia%( "!) (% i) 9( !8#()(r "i(r#! !8:(#i$!. Ta'8i) ;u(9( 9(i)ir( () u)

()#i9! ' "ua%?ui(r ;(r!)a !

gru;! 9( ;(r!)a "!) %! ?u( ( #()ga u)a i)#(ra""i). S( #ra#a 9( u)a ((ra 9( $i9a

!"ia% '! i)( > !8:(#i$! (# Bi8%i!#("a@ Vi9(!#("a@ Mi)i#(ri! 9( Cu%#ura@ Or?u(#a

i))i"a@ C()#r! 9( 1i)#ura@ "()#r! 9( Da),a@ U)i$(ri9a9(@ (#".

La !rga)i,a"i!)( "u%#ura%( #i()() $ari! (("#! !8r( (% "!';!r#a'i()#! 9( u

'i('8r!. E) ;ri'(r %ugar@ () %! ;r!"(! 9( a#ra""i) > (%(""i)@ %! ?u( ;(r;(#ua a)

' r!#a"i)

$!%u)#aria@ 9( 'a)(ra ?u( () %a '(9i9a ?u( a>a u)a 'a>!r "!rr(;!)9()"ia ()#r( %!

$a%!r( 9( %! #ra8a:a9!r( > %a "u%#ura !rga)i,a"i!)a%@ 'a>!r (r< (% "!';r!'i! 9(%#ra8a:a9!r a"ia %a !rga)i,a"i)@ > '()!r %a #aa 9( r!#a"i) ! a8a)9!)! $!%u)#ari!. L!

(#i%! 9( %i9(ra,g! > #!'a 9( 9("ii!)( ( $(r


16/22

TRABAJOS COLECTIVOS5 1EQUE6AS 7 MEDIANAS EM1RESAS

La 1(?u(a > M(9ia)a E';r(a 1>ME ( u)a (';r(a "!) "ara"#(r#i"a 9i#i)#i$a@ >

#i()( 9i'()i!)( "!) "i(r#! %'i#( !"u;a"i!)a%( > i)a)"i(r! ;r(i:a9! ;!r %! E#a9! !

r(gi!)(. La ;>'( !) ag()#( "!) %gi"a@ "u%#ura@ i)#(r(( > u) (;ri#u (';r()9(9!r

(;("i"!. Ta'8i) (i#( (% #r'i)! Mi1>ME a"r)i'! 9( K'i"r!@ ;(?u(a > '(9ia)a

(';r(aK@ ?u( ( u)a (;a)i) 9(% #r'i)! !rigi)a%@ () 9!)9( ( i)"%u>( a %a

'i"r!(';r(a.

La ;(?u(a > '(9ia)a (';r(a !) ()#i9a9( i)9(;()9i()#(@ "!) u)a a%#a

;r(9!'i)a)"ia () (% '(r"a9! 9( "!'(r"i!@ ?u(9a)9! ;r ;!r %a %i'i#a"i!)( ?u( i';!)( %a%(gi%a"i) () "ua)#! a% $!%u'() 9( )(g!"i! > 9( ;(r!)a%@ %! "ua%( i !) u;(ra9!

"!)$i(r#()@ ;!r %(>@ a u)a 'i"r!(';r(a () u)a ;(?u(a (';r(a@ ! u)a '(9ia)a (';r(a

( "!)$i(r#( au#!' '(9ia)a (';r(a "u';%() u) i';!r#a)#( ;a;(% () %a ("!)!'a 9( #!9!

%! ;a(. L! ;a( 9( %a OCDE u(%() #()(r ()#r( (% 0 > (% -0 9( %! (';%(a9! ()

(#( gru;! 9( (';r(a. La ;ri)"i;a%( ra,!)( 9( u (i#()"ia !)5

• 1u(9() r(a%i,ar ;r!9u"#! i)9i$i9ua%i,a9! () "!)#ra;!i"i) "!) %a gra)9(

(';r(a ?u( ( ()!"a) '


17/22

U)a $(, 9(#(r'i)a9a %a igura :ur9i"a@ ;ara%(%a'()#( ( 9(8() r(a%i,ar 9! a""i!)(5

#ra'i#ar ;(r'i! ;ara %a igura (%(""i!)a9a a)#( %a S("r(#ara 9( R(%a"i!)( E#(ri!r(@ > %a

(%(""i) 9( u)a A"#a C!)#i#u#i$a. 1ara (#( %#i'! ;u)#! ( 9(8() a)a%i,ar 9i(r()#( a"#a

"!)#i#u#i$a "!) u (#a#u#!@ ;ara #!'ar %a ' 9i#ri8u"i) 9( "r9i#! ?u( i)"%u>a (%

r(gi#r! 9( 'ar"a@ ;a#()#( > ra)?ui"ia@ r("i8ir 9!)a#i$!@ (r()"ia@ %(ga9!$(r

A)(! *.• Ca;i#a% !"ia% ')i'! 9( L(>.• Rgi'() 9( r(;!)a8i%i9a9 i%i'i#a9!@ %i'i#a9!@ ! u;%('()#a9!.• R(%a"i) 9( !"i! "!) u 9a#! g()(ra%( > a;!r#a"i!)(.• A9'ii) 9( !"i!@ (;ara"i)@ ("%ui)@ 9(r("!@ !8%iga"i!)(@ i#('a 9(

i)"()#i$! > a)"i!)(.• Órga)! 9( au#!ri9a9 > $igi%a)"ia aa'8%(a@ C!)(:! 9( A9'i)i#ra"i)@ C!)(:! 9(

Vigi%a)"ia@ "ara"#(ri,a"i) 9( %! ;u(#!@ 9(r("!@ %i'i#a"i!)( > :(rar?ua.• N!r'a 9( u)"i!)a'i()#! g()(ra% > ;!r "a9a (""i) i)#(r)a.• E:(r"i"i! > 8a%a)"( 9( %a !"i(9a9 (#a9! 9( r(u%#a9!@ 8a%a)"( g()(ra%@ (#".• F!)9! 9( ;r($ii)@ 9( r((r$a@ 9( gara)#a@ 9( 9(;r("ia"i)@ (#".

• R(;ar#! 9( u#i%i9a9(@ "!)i9(ra)9! "a;i#a% > #ra8a:! a;!r#a9!@ u! 9( %! (r$i"i!@(#".

• C!)9i"i!)( > '!#i$! ;ara "a'8iar > a"#ua%i,ar %! (#a#u#!.• N!r'a ;ara u 9i!%u"i) > %i?ui9a"i).

E%a8!rar r(g%a'()#! 9( #ra8a:!

Qu ( u) r(g%a'()#! i)#(r)! 9( #ra8a:!W

S( 9(i)( "!'! %a "!)#i#u"i) ;!%#i"a 9( u)a (';r(a@ () (#a "!)#i#u"i) ;!%#i"a (r(g%a'()#ara %a "!)9i"i!)( 9(% $)"u%! %a8!ra% ()#r( (';%(a9!r > #ra8a:a9!r.

L! a;("#! 8 !rari! 9( #ra8a:! #i(';! 9( %a a%i'()#a"i) ;ri)"i;a%• N!r'a 9( "!)#r!% 9( ai#()"ia a% #ra8a:!• N!r'a 9( ;(r'a)()"ia () (% ;u(#! "!)#()i()9!5 ;(r'i!@ %i"()"ia ( i)ai#()"ia

16


18/22

• M!9a%i9a9 9( %! 9("a)! ('a)a%(• D(r("! > !8%iga"i!)( 9(% (';%(a9!r• D(r("! > !8%iga"i!)( 9(% #ra8a:a9!r• N!r'a #()9i()#( a% !'()#! > 'a)#()i'i()#! 9( %a ar'!)a ()#r( #ra8a:a9!r( >

(';%(a9!r(•

M(9i9a 9i"i;%i)aria• 1(r!)a ! 9(;()9()"ia ()"arga9a 9( a#()9(r %! au)#! %a8!ra%( > %a #ra'i#a"i)

9( %! 'i'!• N!r'a (%('()#a%( !8r( (guri9a9 ( igi()( () (% #ra8a:!• La 9(' #ra8a:a9!r@ ;!r (:(';%!5 %a (';r(a )! !#!rga '('!r


19/22

E) (#( ;u)#! ("u"a@ #( r("!'i()9! ("u"ar %! ?u( ;i()a g(r()"ia !8r( %a ;r!;u(#a

9( r(g%a'()#ar %a "!)9i"i!)( 9( (';%(a9!r > #ra8a:a9!r. R(a%i,a 'u"a ;r(gu)#a !

a"u(r9! 9( %! ;r!"(9i'i()#! '! :(( "!)!"() 'u> 8i() a %!

#ra8a:a9!r( 8a:! u "arg!@ a8() u ;r!8%('a@ u 'a%! %a ;!i8%(

!%u"i!)(.

4- Re#'i(' "o' *os trabaja)ores ,e' ge'era*.

E#( ( (% ;u)#! ' i "!'()#() a)"i!)(@ #a'8i) ( a;%i"ara) %a

a'!)(#a"i!)(.

5- A+roba"i(' ! Res#*ta)osU)a $(, #(r'i)( (% 8!rra9!r@ ;r()#a%! a g(r()"ia ;ara u a;r!8a"i). Lu(g! ?u( (%

'i)i#(ri! 9( #ra8a:! a;ru(8( (% r(g%a'()#! i)#(r)! 9( #ra8a:!@ (#u9ia %! r(u%#a9! 9( u

a;%i"a"i). Si )! $(, 8u()! r(u%#a9!@ %a r(;u(#a ( ()"i%%a5 i"i#( 'a% #u #ra8a:!.

1!r (:(';%!5 E) #u r(g%a'()#! i)#(r)! 9( #ra8a:! '()"i!)a ?u( (%


20/22

E% r(g%a'()#! i)#(r)! 9( #ra8a:! )! ( u) #ra8a:! 9( u)a !%a $(, ;ara #!9a %a $i9a 9( %a

(';r(a@ a> ?u( (#ar a"#ua%i,a)9! %a )!r'a@ a)"i!)( > %a r(g%a "a9a "i(r#! #i(';!@

%! r("!'()9a8%( ( "a9a 2 a!.

A;(r#ura 9( u)a "u()#a 8a)"aria

U)a "u()#a 8a)"aria ( u) "!)#ra#! 9!)9( (% #i#u%ar (("#a i)gr(! 9( !)9!. C!) u)a

"u()#a "!rri()#( ( ;u(9( 9i;!)(r 9( %! 9(;i#! i)gr(a9! 9( !r'a i)'(9ia#a a #ra$

9( #a%!)ari!@ "a:(r! au#!' () "!';ra.

La "u()#a "!rri()#( ;ara !#ra (ri( 9( !;(ra"i!)( "!) %! 8a)"!5

• A% "!)"(9(r( u) "r9i#! ?u(9a r(%(:a9! () %a "u()#a "!rri()#(.• S( ;u(9() 9!'i"i%iar ;ag! a #ra$ 9( (%%a.• S( ;u(9() r(a%i,ar 9("u()#! 9( (("#!.• C!8rar i)#(r((.• 1agar i)#(r((.• C!8rar i';u(#!.• 1agar i';u(#!.

E u)a "u()#a ?u( ( ua ;ri)"i;a%'()#( ;ara i)gr(! 9(% #i#u%ar. L! '(9i! 9( ;ag! ?u(

( ;u(9() u#i%i,ar a!"ia9! a %a "u()#a "!rri()#( ;u(9() (r5

• Ta%!)ari! 9( "(?u(.• Tar:(#a 9( "r9i#!.• Tar:(#a 9( 98i#!.• M!)(9(r! (%("#r)i"!.• 1ag! '(9ia)#( '$i%.

E)#r( %! r(?uii#! ?u( %! 8a)"! g()(ra%'()#( !%i"i#a) ( "u()#a ?u( (% "%i()#(

9('u(#r( !%$()"ia ("!)'i"a ;ara 'a)#()(r !)9! ui"i()#( () %a "u()#a "!rri()#( > 9(

(a 'a)(ra ()r()#ar %! ;ag! 9( %a !;(ra"i!)( ?u( r(a%i"( a #ra$ 9( %a "u()#a ua)9!

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