UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA FACULTAD DE

MEDICINA DEPARTAMENTO DE MICROBIOLOGIA

ASPECTOS MICROBIOLOGICOS DE LAS MICOBACTERIAS

2013

INFECCIONES CAUSADAS POR MICOBACTERIAS DIFERENTES A LAS

DEL COMPLEJO M. tuberculosis “de crecimiento lento”

Leonardo Favio Jurado ZambranoMICOBAC- UN

2013

MNT DE LENTO CRECIMIENTOMycobacterium ulceransMycobacterium marinumMycobacterium haemophilumMycobacterium kansasiiMycobacterium scrofulaceumMycobacterium xenopiMycobacterium celatumMycobacterium genavenseMycobacterium simiaeMycobacterium gordonaeMycobacterium malmoenseMycobacterium lentiflavumMycobacterium shimoideiMycobacterium nonchromogenicumMycobacterium szulgaiMycobacterium asiaticumMycobacterium gastri

Mycobacterium ulcerans MacCallum et al. 1950, species.

Type strain: strain ATCC 19423 = NCTC 10417. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AB548725. Etymology: L. part. adj. ulcerans, making sore, causing to ulcerate. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420. [MacCALLUM (P.), TOLHURST (J.C.) and BUCKLE (G.). In: FENNER (F.): The siginificance of the incubation period in infectious diseases. MedicalJournal of Australia, 1950, 2, 813-818.]

Mycobacterium ulcerans

• Posee un tiempo de generación largo, su temperatura de crecimiento esta alrededor de 30 grados centígrados.

• Capacidad excepcional para producir una toxina llamada micolactona (plásmido pMUM 001).

• Es la única sustancia identificada como factor de virulencia.

NAT REV MICRO VOL 7; JAN 2009.

Mycobacterium ulceransULCERA DE BURULI• Inicialmente descrita en Australia, bastante

prevalente en África. • La infección de la piel causa extensas lesiones

que comprometen el tejido celular subcutáneo. Produce necrosis coagulativa.

• Se ha encontrado posible transmisión favorecida por insectos.

NAT REV MICRO VOL 7; JAN 2009.

NAT REV MICRO VOL 7; JAN 2009.

Lancet Infect Dis 2009; 9: 699–710

NAT REV MICRO VOL 7; JAN 2009

Mycobacterium marinum

Aronson 1926, species. Type strain: ATCC 927 = CCUG 20998 = CCUG 27843 = CIP 104528 = DSM 44344 = JCM 12275 = JCM 17638 = NCTC 2275. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF456240. Synonyms: "Mycobacterium platypoecilus" (sic) Baker and Hagan 1942, "Mycobacterium balnei" Linell and Norden 1952, not "Mycobacterium marinum" Suzanne and Penso 1953. Etymology: L. neut. adj. marinum, of the sea, marine. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420. [ARONSON (J.D.): Spontaneous tuberculosis in salt water fish. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1926, 39, 314-320.]

Mycobacterium marinum

• Fotocromógena, con una temperatura optima de crecimiento de 30 a 33 grados centígrados.

• Ampliamente distribuido en ambientes húmedos y acuáticos duces y salados.

• La infección en humanos es rara, generalmente se produce asociada a trauma y contacto con seres acuáticos o agua contaminada.

• Se puede considerar como una enfermedad “ocupacional”.

J Cutan Pathol 2000 Mar;27(3):124-9.

Mycobacterium marinum

• Causa infecciones granulomatosas en piel, tejidos blandos e incluso hueso.

• Pueden ocurrir en pcts inmunocompetentes como inmunocomprometidos (VIH, CORTICOIDES, TERAPIA BIOLOGICA.

J Orthop Surg. 2010 Apr;18(1):98-103

Mycobacterium marinum87-year-old woman who was treated with oral corticosteroids

for polymyalgia rheumatica for many years and developed erythema nodosum-like lesions on the right forearm and arthritis of the right wrist. By increasing the steroid dosage and adding methotrexate only short-term remission was achieved. Seven months later painful erythematous nodules occurred on all extremities which became necrotic, ulcerative and suppurative. Ziehl-Neelsen staining revealed acid-fast bacilli and Mycobacterium marinum was cultured from skin biopsies, blood, and urine. The critically ill patient was treated with clarithromycin and ethambutol resulting in a dramatic improvement of the general condition. After four months, doxycycline had to be added because of new skin lesions.Eur J Dermatol 2006; 16 (1): 79-83

Eur J Dermatol 2006; 16 (1): 79-83

MODELO PARA ESTUDIO DE LA

PATOGENESIS DE LA TB

Cellular Microbiology, 2008; 10: 1027–39

Mycobacterium haemophilum

Sompolinsky et al. 1978, species. Type strain: strain ATCC 29548 = CCUG 47452 = CIP 105049 = DSM 44634 = JCM 15465 = NCTC 11185. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16SrRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF547932.Etymology: Gr. n. haima (Latin transliteration haema), blood; N.L. neut. adj. philum (from Gr. neut. adj. philon), friend, loving; N.L. neut. adj. haemophilum, blood loving. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420

Mycobacterium kansasii Hauduroy 1955, species.

Type strain: strain ATCC 12478 = CIP 104589 = DSM 44162 = JCM 6379 = NCTC 13024. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ536035. Etymology: N.L. gen. n. kansasii, of Kansas, USA. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420. [HAUDUROY (P.): Derniers aspects du monde des mycobactéries. Masson et Cie, Paris, 1955.]

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum Prissick and Masson 1956, species.

Type strain: strain ATCC 19981 = CCUG 29045 = CIP 105416 = DSM 43992 = JCM 6381 = NCTC 10803. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF480604. Etymology: L. pl. n. scrofulae, a swelling of the glands of the neck, scrofula; L. neut. suff. -aceum, suffix used with various meanings; N.L. neut. adj. scrofulaceum, of or pertaining to scrofula. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420. [PRISSICK (F.H.) and MASSON (A.M.): Cervical lymphadentis in children caused by chromogenic mycobacteria. Canadian Medical AssociationJournal, 1956, 75, 798-803.]

Mycobacterium xenopi Schwabacher 1959, species.

Type strain: strain ATCC 19250 = CCUG 28011 = CCUG 31306 = CIP 104035 = DSM 43995 = JCM 15661 = NCTC 10042. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ536033. Synonym: "Mycobacterium xenopei" (sic) Schwabacher 1959. Etymology: N.L. n. Xenopus, a genus of toad; N.L. gen. n. xenopi, of Xenopus. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420. [SCHWABACHER (H.): A strain of Mycobacterium isolated from skin lesions of a cold blooded animal, Xenopus laevus, and its relation to atypical acid-fast bacilli occurring in man. Journal of Hygiene, 1959, 57, 57-67.]

Mycobacterium celatum Butler et al. 1993, sp. nov.

Type strain: strain ATCC 51131 = CCUG 39185 = CDC 90-0899 = CIP 106109 = DSM 44243 = JCM 12373. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: L08169. Etymology: L. neut. part. adj. celatum, hidden from or concealed from, referring to the concealed nature of these organisms among recognized Mycobacterium species. Reference: BUTLER (W.R.), O'CONNOR (S.P.), YAKRUS (M.A.), SMITHWICK (R.W.), PLIKAYTIS (B.B.), MOSS (C.W.), FLOYD (M.M.), WOODLEY (C.L.), KILBURN (J.O.), VADNEY (F.S.) and GROSS (W.M.): Mycobacterium celatum sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 539-548.

Mycobacterium genavense Böttger et al. 1993, sp. nov. Type strain: strain 2289 = ATCC 51234.

GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: X60070.Etymology: L. neut. adj. genavense, of or belonging to Geneva, the source of the first isolate. Reference: BÖTTGER (E.C.), HIRSCHEL (B.) and COYLE (M.B.): Mycobacterium genavense sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 841-843.

Mycobacterium simiae Karassova et al. 1965, species.

Type strain: strain ATCC 25275 = CCUG 29114 = CCUG 42427 = CIP 104531 = DSM 44165 = JCM 12377. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: X52931. Etymology: L. n. simia, an ape; L. gen. simiae, of an ape. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420. [KARASSOVA (V.), WEISZFEILER (J.) and KRASZNAY (E.): Occurrence of atypical mycobacteriain Macacus rhesus. Acta MicrobiologicaAcademiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1965, 12, 275-282.]

Note: According to Meissner and Schröder 1975, Mycobacterium simiae Karassova et al. 1965 (Approved Lists 1980) is an earlier heterotypic synonym of "Mycobacterium habana" Valdivia Alvarez et al. 1971. Reference: MEISSNER (G.) and SCHRÖDER (K.H.): Relationship between Mycobacterium simiae and Mycobacterium habana. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 1975, 111, 196-200.

Mycobacterium gordonae Bojalil et al. 1962, species.

Type strain: strain ATCC 14470 = CCUG 21801 = CCUG 21811 = CIP 104529 = DSM 44160 = JCM 6382 = NCTC 10267. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain:X52923Etymology: N.L. gen. fem. n. gordonae, of Gordon, named after the American bacteriologist Ruth E. Gordon. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420.

Mycobacterium malmoense Schroder and Juhlin 1977, species.

Type strain: strain ATCC 29571 = CCUG 37761 = CIP 105775 = DSM 44163 = JCM 13391 = NCTC 11298. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: X52930Etymology: N.L. neut. adj. malmoense, of or belonging to Malmö, Sweden, the source of the strains on which the original description is based. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420

Mycobacterium lentiflavum Springer et al. 1996, sp. nov.

Type strain: strain 2186/92 = ATCC 51985 = CCUG 42422 = CCUG 42559 = CIP 105465 = DSM 44418 = JCM 13390. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF480583. Etymology: L. adj. lentus -a -um, slow; L. adj. flavus -a -um, yellow; N.L. neut. adj. lentiflavum, slow and yellow, two characteristic features of this species. References: VALIDATION LIST N° 58. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1996, 46, 836-837. [SPRINGER (B.), WU (W.K.), BODMER (T.), HAASE (G.), PFYFFER (G.E.), KROPENSTEDT (R.M.), SCHRÖDER (K.H.), EMLER (S.), KILBURN (J.O.), KIRSCHNER (P.), TELENTI (A.), COYLE (M.B.) and BÖTTGER (E.C.): Isolation and characterization of a unique group of slowly growing mycobacteria: description ofMycobacterium lentiflavum sp. nov. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1996, 34, 1100-1107.]

Mycobacterium shimoidei (ex Tsukamura et al. 1975) Tsukamura 1982, sp. nov., nom. rev.

Type strain: strain E4796 = ATCC 27962 = CCUG 37517 = DSM 44152 = JCM 12376. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AJ005005. Synonym: "Mycobacterium shimoidei" Tsukamura et al. 1975. Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. shimoidei, of Shimoide, named for H. Shimoide, a Japanese microbiologist who first isolated a strain of this species. Reference: TSUKAMURA (M.): Mycobacterium shimoidei sp. nov., nom. rev., a lung pathogen. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1982, 32, 67-69.

Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum Tsukamura 1965, species.

Type strain: strain ATCC 19530 = CCUG 28009 = CIP 106811 = DSM 44164 = JCM 6364 = NCTC 10424. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: X52928. Etymology: L. adv. non, not; Gr. n. chroma, color; Gr. v. gennaio, to produce; L. neut. suff. -icum, suffix used with the sense of pertaining to; N.L. neut. adj. nonchromogenicum, intended to mean not producing color. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420. [TSUKAMURA (M.): A group of mycobacteria from soil resources resembling nonphotochromogens (Group 3). Medicine and Biology, 1965, 71, 110-113.]

Mycobacterium szulgai Marks et al. 1972, species.

Type strain: strain ATCC 35799 = CCUG 37675 = CIP 104532 = DSM 44166 = JCM 6383 = NCTC 10831. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: X52926. Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. szulgai, of Szulga, named after T. Szulga, a Polish microbiologist. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420. [Mycobacterium szulgai MARKS (J.), JENKINS (P.A.) and TSUKAMURA (M.): Mycobacterium szulgai - a new pathogen. Tubercle, 1972, 53, 210-214.]

Mycobacterium asiaticum Weiszfeiler et al. 1971, species.

Type strain: strain ATCC 25276 = CCUG 29115 = CIP 106809 = DSM 44297 = JCM 6409. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF480595. Etymology: L. neut. adj. asiaticum, Asiatic, of Asia. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420. [WEISZFEILER (J.), KARASSEVA (G.V.) and KARCZAG (E.): A new Mycobacterium species: Mycobacterium asiaticum sp. ActaMicrobiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 1971, 18, 247-252.]

Mycobacterium gastri Wayne 1966, species.

Type strain: strain ATCC 15754 = CCUG 20995 = CIP 104530 = DSM 43505 = JCM 12407. GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain: AF480602. Etymology: L. n. gaster -tri, belly, stomach; L. gen. n. gastri, of the stomach. References: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420. [WAYNE (L.G.): Classification and identification of mycobacteria. III. Species within Group III. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 1966, 93, 919-928.]