fundamentos de vibraciones

ContenidoParte 1: Las Vibraciones en la Administracin del MantenimientoParte 2: Introduccin al Anlisis de Vibraciones.Parte 3: Forma de Onda. Espectro de Frecuencias. Fase.Parte 4: SensoresParte 5: Equipos de Medida y AnlisisParte 6: Criterios de VibracionesParte 7: Anlisis de Tendencias

Las Vibraciones en la Administracin del MantenimientoParte 1

Acciones tcnico - administrativas que tienen como principal objetivo el aumento de la confiabilidad y disponibilidad de los activos fijos de la empresa.MANTENIMIENTO INDUSTRIAL

EMPLEO DE VIBRACIONES EN EL MANTENIMIENTO CORRECTIVOReduccin de costos de mantenimiento.Identificacin rpida del problema de la maquinaria a travs del anlisis espectral.Dao de rodamientosDesbalanceoDesalineacinBalanceo Dinmico de equipos rotativos

EMPLEO DE VIBRACIONES EN EL MANTENIMIENTO PREVENTIVOMantenimiento Basado en Tiempo.Cambio y/o reparacin de los equipos en base a un programa.Costos asociados elevados debido a intervencin cuando an no es necesario Se emplean las vibraciones como apoyo a la toma de decisin cuando se cumple el tiempo de intervencin.

EMPLEO DE VIBRACIONES EN EL MANTENIMIENTO PREDICTIVOMantenimiento Basado en la Condicin.Determina la condicin de los equipos empleando tcnicas de diagnstico y define sus necesidades de mantenimiento con base en anlisis de tendencias para no interrumpir la operacin normal. Planeacin de reparaciones, anticipndose a fallas y paros de emergencia.Aumenta la disponibilidad de los equipos

TECNICAS DE DIAGNSTICO EN MANTENIMIENTO PREDICTIVOTcnicas de Diagnstico :- Anlisis de vibraciones- Medidas Elctricas- Anlisis de aceites-Ferrografa- Emisin acstica-Ultrasonido- Temperatura -Medicin de presin- Anlisis Orsat (Gases)-Boroscopia.

3 12Tiempo en mesesCostos de MantenimientoMANTENIMIENTO PREDICTIVO. Curva de Costos del mantenimiento despus de iniciar el programa de Mantenimiento Predictivo 6 9

MANTENIMIENTO PREDICTIVO Diagrama de Flujo

- Introduccin al Anlisis de Vibraciones.- Causas de la vibracin (Vibracin Forzada y Resonancia)Parte 2

INTRODUCCIN Cada equipo en particular presenta vibraciones que pueden minimizarse pero no eliminarse totalmente.

Es frecuente que equipos iguales presenten distintos niveles de vibraciones.

Esto no significa que existan problemas que requieran cuidado.

INTRODUCCIN Todo aumento significativo de las vibraciones de un equipo indica la aparicin de alguna anormalidad, en forma transitoria o permanente, que requiere de atencin.

Valores elevados de vibracin, an no siendo peligrosos, disminuyen el lmite a la fatiga de los materiales, contribuyen al deterioro, desgaste y desajuste prematuro de partes del equipo y crean problemas en los concretos y en otras partes de la instalacin

VibracinEs simplemente la oscilacin de un cuerpo con respecto a su punto de equilibrio.

Se presenta cuando se excita el sistema, ya sea interna o externamente.

La magnitud depende de la fuerza de excitacin, la masa, la rigidez y la amortiguacin del sistema.

Causas de la vibracinLa vibracin de la maquinaria es originada desde dos fuentes :

Vibracin ForzadaResonancia

Vibracin Forzada Es cuando actan fuerzas externas(en funcin del tiempo), sobre el sistema durante su movimiento vibratorio.

Como resultado el sistema vibrar con la misma frecuencia de la fuerza de excitacin externa, sin importar las condiciones iniciales, ni la frecuencia natural del sistema

Vibracin ForzadaLa vibracin Forzada es el resultado directo de un defecto mecnico en una mquina.

Vibracin Forzada

La vibracin forzada tiene caractersticas que pueden ser identificadas a travs del anlisis del espectro de frecuencias.Ejemplos de vibracin forzada :

DesbalanceoDesalineacinRodamientos defectuososSolturasDesgastes en acoplesCorreas y poleasHidrodinmicaEje dobladoPiones y cadenasProblemas Elctricos

ResonanciaCuando una vibracin forzada coincide con la frecuencia natural del sistema , el sistema est en resonancia.Es un fenmeno natural y depende de la rigidez del sistema.La frecuencia en la cual ocurre esta coincidencia es llamada frecuencia resonante.

ResonanciaMasa(m)Resorte(k)Amortiguador(c)

Resonancia

- Forma de Onda.- Espectro de Frecuencias.- FaseParte 3

Dominio de Tiempo y Frecuencia.En un cuerpo que se encuentra en estado vibratorio, cada uno de sus puntos realiza, en el caso mas general un movimiento tridimensional con respecto a un sistema espacial de coordenadas convenientemente elegido.

Este movimiento lo realiza en torno de una posicin de referencia que es la que ocupa el punto en cuestin cuando el cuerpo no vibra

Consideracin de una masa movindose en un resorte

Dominio de Tiempo y Frecuencia.

La seal del sensor puede ser mostrada en dominio del tiempo o en dominio de la frecuencia.

El Dominio del Tiempo es un grfico que muestra la amplitud de la vibracin en funcin del tiempo.

El grfico es similar al mostrado en un osciloscopio o registrador.

Este grfico es tambin llamado Forma de onda.

Forma de OndaAl graficar el movimiento en el tiempo nos da la seal en el dominio del tiempo.PERIODO

Velocidad MximaVelocidad MximaVelocidad MximaAceleracin MximaAceleracin MximaDesaceleracin MximaDesplazamiento Mximo

FUNCIONES PERIODICASSi durante el movimiento vibratorio, se mantienen invariables en el tiempo: la magnitud, el tiempo de duracin del ciclo y la forma de onda, de modo que los ciclos se suceden unos a otros como una repeticin continua, la vibracin se denomina peridica.

Forma de onda Amplitud -- Es la magnitud que se genera cuando una masa es desplazada de su punto de reposo. Periodo -- Es el tiempo requerido para que la vibracin complete un ciclo.TiempoPicoPico a Pico.Amplitud1 ciclo de la vibracin (periodo)RMS = 0.707x Pico-1-0.500.51

FUNCIONES PERIODICAS

FUNCIONES ARMNICAS (Sinusoidales)DesplazamientoVelocidadAceleracinA = Smax = Desplazamiento mximot = Tiempo transcurridow = 2 * p * f = Frecuencia angular o circular1 Ciclo = 2 p (radian)jo = Angulo de fase, valor de la funcin en t = 0. Referido al punto observadoValor instantneo del desplazamiento respecto la posicin de equilibrio

FUNCIONES ARMNICAS09090

Grfico1

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010

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0.86602540380.5-0.8660254038

0.87461970710.4848096202-0.8746197071

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0.89100652420.4539904997-0.8910065242

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0.99984769520.0174524064-0.9998476952

10-1

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0.9205048535-0.3907311285-0.9205048535

0.9135454576-0.4067366431-0.9135454576

0.906307787-0.4226182617-0.906307787

0.8987940463-0.4383711468-0.8987940463

0.8910065242-0.4539904997-0.8910065242

0.8829475929-0.4694715628-0.8829475929

0.8746197071-0.4848096202-0.8746197071

0.8660254038-0.5-0.8660254038

0.8571673007-0.5150380749-0.8571673007

0.8480480962-0.5299192642-0.8480480962

0.8386705679-0.544639035-0.8386705679

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0.5-0.8660254038-0.5

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0.4539904997-0.8910065242-0.4539904997

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0.4226182617-0.906307787-0.4226182617

0.4067366431-0.9135454576-0.4067366431

0.3907311285-0.9205048535-0.3907311285

0.3746065934-0.9271838546-0.3746065934

0.3583679495-0.9335804265-0.3583679495

0.3420201433-0.9396926208-0.3420201433

0.3255681545-0.9455185756-0.3255681545

0.3090169944-0.9510565163-0.3090169944

0.2923717047-0.956304756-0.2923717047

0.2756373558-0.9612616959-0.2756373558

0.2588190451-0.9659258263-0.2588190451

0.2419218956-0.9702957263-0.2419218956

0.2249510543-0.9743700648-0.2249510543

0.2079116908-0.9781476007-0.2079116908

0.1908089954-0.9816271834-0.1908089954

0.1736481777-0.984807753-0.1736481777

0.156434465-0.9876883406-0.156434465

0.139173101-0.9902680687-0.139173101

0.1218693434-0.9925461516-0.1218693434

0.1045284633-0.9945218954-0.1045284633

0.0871557427-0.9961946981-0.0871557427

0.0697564737-0.9975640503-0.0697564737

0.0523359562-0.9986295348-0.0523359562

0.0348994967-0.999390827-0.0348994967

0.0174524064-0.9998476952-0.0174524064

0-1-0

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-1-01

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-0.99862953480.05233595620.9986295348

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-0.03489949670.9993908270.0348994967

-0.01745240640.99984769520.0174524064

-010

Deslazamiento

Velocidad

Aceleracin

TIEMPO

AMPLITUD

Desplazamiento, Velocidad y Aceleracin

Hoja1

TIEMPODeslazamientoVelocidadAceleracin

-180-3.1415926536-180-0-10

-179-3.1241393611-0.0174524064-0.99984769520.0174524064

-178-3.1066860685-0.0348994967-0.9993908270.0348994967

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-176-3.0717794835-0.0697564737-0.99756405030.0697564737

-175-3.054326191-0.0871557427-0.99619469810.0871557427

-174-3.0368728985-0.1045284633-0.99452189540.1045284633

-173-3.019419606-0.1218693434-0.99254615160.1218693434

-172-3.0019663134-0.139173101-0.99026806870.139173101

-171-2.9845130209-0.156434465-0.98768834060.156434465

-170-2.9670597284-0.1736481777-0.9848077530.1736481777

-169-2.9496064359-0.1908089954-0.98162718340.1908089954

-168-2.9321531434-0.2079116908-0.97814760070.2079116908

-167-2.9146998508-0.2249510543-0.97437006480.2249510543

-166-2.8972465583-0.2419218956-0.97029572630.2419218956

-165-2.8797932658-0.2588190451-0.96592582630.2588190451

-164-2.8623399733-0.2756373558-0.96126169590.2756373558

-163-2.8448866808-0.2923717047-0.9563047560.2923717047

-162-2.8274333882-0.3090169944-0.95105651630.3090169944

-161-2.8099800957-0.3255681545-0.94551857560.3255681545

-160-2.7925268032-0.3420201433-0.93969262080.3420201433

-159-2.7750735107-0.3583679495-0.93358042650.3583679495

-158-2.7576202182-0.3746065934-0.92718385460.3746065934

-157-2.7401669256-0.3907311285-0.92050485350.3907311285

-156-2.7227136331-0.4067366431-0.91354545760.4067366431

-155-2.7052603406-0.4226182617-0.9063077870.4226182617

-154-2.6878070481-0.4383711468-0.89879404630.4383711468

-153-2.6703537556-0.4539904997-0.89100652420.4539904997

-152-2.652900463-0.4694715628-0.88294759290.4694715628

-151-2.6354471705-0.4848096202-0.87461970710.4848096202

-150-2.617993878-0.5-0.86602540380.5

-149-2.6005405855-0.5150380749-0.85716730070.5150380749

-148-2.583087293-0.5299192642-0.84804809620.5299192642

-147-2.5656340004-0.544639035-0.83867056790.544639035

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-143-2.4958208304-0.6018150232-0.798635510.6018150232

-142-2.4783675378-0.6156614753-0.78801075360.6156614753

-141-2.4609142453-0.629320391-0.77714596150.629320391

-140-2.4434609528-0.6427876097-0.76604444310.6427876097

-139-2.4260076603-0.656059029-0.75470958020.656059029

-138-2.4085543678-0.6691306064-0.74314482550.6691306064

-137-2.3911010752-0.6819983601-0.73135370160.6819983601

-136-2.3736477827-0.6946583705-0.71933980030.6946583705

-135-2.3561944902-0.7071067812-0.70710678120.7071067812

-134-2.3387411977-0.7193398003-0.69465837050.7193398003

-133-2.3212879052-0.7313537016-0.68199836010.7313537016

-132-2.3038346126-0.7431448255-0.66913060640.7431448255

-131-2.2863813201-0.7547095802-0.6560590290.7547095802

-130-2.2689280276-0.7660444431-0.64278760970.7660444431

-129-2.2514747351-0.7771459615-0.6293203910.7771459615

-128-2.2340214426-0.7880107536-0.61566147530.7880107536

-127-2.21656815-0.79863551-0.60181502320.79863551

-126-2.1991148575-0.8090169944-0.58778525230.8090169944

-125-2.181661565-0.8191520443-0.57357643640.8191520443

-124-2.1642082725-0.8290375726-0.55919290350.8290375726

-123-2.14675498-0.8386705679-0.5446390350.8386705679

-122-2.1293016874-0.8480480962-0.52991926420.8480480962

-121-2.1118483949-0.8571673007-0.51503807490.8571673007

-120-2.0943951024-0.8660254038-0.50.8660254038

-119-2.0769418099-0.8746197071-0.48480962020.8746197071

-118-2.0594885174-0.8829475929-0.46947156280.8829475929

-117-2.0420352248-0.8910065242-0.45399049970.8910065242

-116-2.0245819323-0.8987940463-0.43837114680.8987940463

-115-2.0071286398-0.906307787-0.42261826170.906307787

-114-1.9896753473-0.9135454576-0.40673664310.9135454576

-113-1.9722220548-0.9205048535-0.39073112850.9205048535

-112-1.9547687622-0.9271838546-0.37460659340.9271838546

-111-1.9373154697-0.9335804265-0.35836794950.9335804265

-110-1.9198621772-0.9396926208-0.34202014330.9396926208

-109-1.9024088847-0.9455185756-0.32556815450.9455185756

-108-1.8849555922-0.9510565163-0.30901699440.9510565163

-107-1.8675022996-0.956304756-0.29237170470.956304756

-106-1.8500490071-0.9612616959-0.27563735580.9612616959

-105-1.8325957146-0.9659258263-0.25881904510.9659258263

-104-1.8151424221-0.9702957263-0.24192189560.9702957263

-103-1.7976891296-0.9743700648-0.22495105430.9743700648

-102-1.780235837-0.9781476007-0.20791169080.9781476007

-101-1.7627825445-0.9816271834-0.19080899540.9816271834

-100-1.745329252-0.984807753-0.17364817770.984807753

-99-1.7278759595-0.9876883406-0.1564344650.9876883406

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1933.3684854563-0.2249510543-0.97437006480.2249510543

1943.3859387489-0.2419218956-0.97029572630.2419218956

1953.4033920414-0.2588190451-0.96592582630.2588190451

1963.4208453339-0.2756373558-0.96126169590.2756373558

1973.4382986264-0.2923717047-0.9563047560.2923717047

1983.4557519189-0.3090169944-0.95105651630.3090169944

1993.4732052115-0.3255681545-0.94551857560.3255681545

2003.490658504-0.3420201433-0.93969262080.3420201433

2013.5081117965-0.3583679495-0.93358042650.3583679495

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2534.4156830075-0.956304756-0.29237170470.956304756

2544.4331363001-0.9612616959-0.27563735580.9612616959

2554.4505895926-0.9659258263-0.25881904510.9659258263

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2604.5378560552-0.984807753-0.17364817770.984807753

2614.5553093477-0.9876883406-0.1564344650.9876883406

2624.5727626402-0.9902680687-0.1391731010.9902680687

2634.5902159327-0.9925461516-0.12186934340.9925461516

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2704.7123889804270-1-01

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2804.8869219056-0.9848077530.17364817770.984807753

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2955.1487212934-0.9063077870.42261826170.906307787

2965.1661745859-0.89879404630.43837114680.8987940463

2975.1836278784-0.89100652420.45399049970.8910065242

2985.2010811709-0.88294759290.46947156280.8829475929

2995.2185344635-0.87461970710.48480962020.8746197071

3005.235987756-0.86602540380.50.8660254038

3015.2534410485-0.85716730070.51503807490.8571673007

3025.270894341-0.84804809620.52991926420.8480480962

3035.2883476335-0.83867056790.5446390350.8386705679

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3075.3581608036-0.798635510.60181502320.79863551

3085.3756140961-0.78801075360.61566147530.7880107536

3095.3930673887-0.77714596150.6293203910.7771459615

3105.4105206812-0.76604444310.64278760970.7660444431

3115.4279739737-0.75470958020.6560590290.7547095802

3125.4454272662-0.74314482550.66913060640.7431448255

3135.4628805587-0.73135370160.68199836010.7313537016

3145.4803338513-0.71933980030.69465837050.7193398003

3155.4977871438-0.70710678120.70710678120.7071067812

3165.5152404363-0.69465837050.71933980030.6946583705

3175.5326937288-0.68199836010.73135370160.6819983601

3185.5501470213-0.66913060640.74314482550.6691306064

3195.5676003139-0.6560590290.75470958020.656059029

3205.5850536064-0.64278760970.76604444310.6427876097

3215.6025068989-0.6293203910.77714596150.629320391

3225.6199601914-0.61566147530.78801075360.6156614753

3235.6374134839-0.60181502320.798635510.6018150232

3245.6548667765-0.58778525230.80901699440.5877852523

3255.672320069-0.57357643640.81915204430.5735764364

3265.6897733615-0.55919290350.82903757260.5591929035

3275.707226654-0.5446390350.83867056790.544639035

3285.7246799465-0.52991926420.84804809620.5299192642

3295.7421332391-0.51503807490.85716730070.5150380749

3305.7595865316-0.50.86602540380.5

3315.7770398241-0.48480962020.87461970710.4848096202

3325.7944931166-0.46947156280.88294759290.4694715628

3335.8119464091-0.45399049970.89100652420.4539904997

3345.8293997017-0.43837114680.89879404630.4383711468

3355.8468529942-0.42261826170.9063077870.4226182617

3365.8643062867-0.40673664310.91354545760.4067366431

3375.8817595792-0.39073112850.92050485350.3907311285

3385.8992128717-0.37460659340.92718385460.3746065934

3395.9166661643-0.35836794950.93358042650.3583679495

3405.9341194568-0.34202014330.93969262080.3420201433

3415.9515727493-0.32556815450.94551857560.3255681545

3425.9690260418-0.30901699440.95105651630.3090169944

3435.9864793343-0.29237170470.9563047560.2923717047

3446.0039326269-0.27563735580.96126169590.2756373558

3456.0213859194-0.25881904510.96592582630.2588190451

3466.0388392119-0.24192189560.97029572630.2419218956

3476.0562925044-0.22495105430.97437006480.2249510543

3486.0737457969-0.20791169080.97814760070.2079116908

3496.0911990895-0.19080899540.98162718340.1908089954

3506.108652382-0.17364817770.9848077530.1736481777

3516.1261056745-0.1564344650.98768834060.156434465

3526.143558967-0.1391731010.99026806870.139173101

3536.1610122595-0.12186934340.99254615160.1218693434

3546.1784655521-0.10452846330.99452189540.1045284633

3556.1959188446-0.08715574270.99619469810.0871557427

3566.2133721371-0.06975647370.99756405030.0697564737

3576.2308254296-0.05233595620.99862953480.0523359562

3586.2482787221-0.03489949670.9993908270.0348994967

3596.2657320147-0.01745240640.99984769520.0174524064

3606.2831853072360-010

Hoja2

Hoja3

Un grfico en el dominio de la frecuencia que corresponde a cada forma de onda, es llamado Espectros de Frecuencia.Espectros de Frecuencia.

Baron Jean Baptiste Fourier (1768-1830) propuso la siguiente idea:

El movimiento de un sistema en equilibrio, con una forma de onda compleja , podra ser representada como la suma de diferentes ondas seno, cada una con su propia amplitud y frecuencia. Transformada Rpida de Fourier (FFT)

Amplitud vs TiempoAmplitud vs TiempoAmplitud vs FrecuenciaEspectro de Frecuencias

DESBALANCEO DEFECTOS ENRODAMIENTOSDEFECTOS DE ENGRANAJES Amplitud Amplitud TiempoFrecuencia FORMA DE ONDA ESPECTRO DE FRECUENCIAS DESBALANCEO DESALINEAMIENTODEFECTOS ENRODAMIENTOSDEFECTOS EN ENGRANAJESRELACION TIEMPO-FRECUENCIA- DEFECTODESALINEAMIENTO

Una forma de onda compleja como la mostrada es difcil para analizar debido a que est compuesta de varias frecuencias discretas.

El FFT de la forma de onda anterior muestra los componentes de cada frecuencia individual presente en la forma de onda. El espectro es mas fcil para analizar.Velocidad del motorVelocidad de la pulidora

Es el tiempo transcurrido entre un punto de referencia y un evento dado. FASE ANGULO DE FASE Es la medicin en grados de la relacin en tiempo entre dos eventos.

Es el nmero de grados de rotacin, desde el pulso del fasor hasta el primer pico positivo . en una onda seno.

FASE RELATIVAFASEAMPLITUDTIEMPO(en grados)

Punto de Referencia (cinta reflectiva)SensorFoto TacmetroPunto Pesado FASE ABSOLUTAElemento rotanteSentido de GiroPunto de transmisin de esfuerzos(cojinete)Seal de vibracinSeal del Tacmetro

FASE ABSOLUTA01 Ciclo

SensoresParte 4

SENSORES Las caractersticas del movimiento vibratorio (Desplazamientos muy pequeos de carcter alternativos y con frecuencias que pueden ser muy elevadas), no permiten que sea medido y analizado mecnicamente, por lo tanto ha sido necesario satisfacer esta necesidad:

Conversin del movimiento vibratorio mecnico en una seal elctrica Esto se logra con los diferentes tipos de sensores.

SENSORES Procesamiento de la seal elctrica de los sensores para acondicionarla, medirla y analizarla obteniendo la informacin requerida en forma de datos numricos y caractersticas grficas. Analizadores de vibracin.

Elaboracin de la informacin as obtenida con fines evaluativos y de diagnostico mediante su comparacin con normas o patrones de estado y su procesamiento con ayuda de algoritmos y programas de computo mediante computadores.

SENSORES Sensores De No ContactoMovimiento RelativoSensores SsmicosMovimiento Absoluto

Tambin llamados de movimiento relativo.

La seal generada es proporcional a la diferencia de las vibraciones entre el cuerpo medido y el cuerpo donde est fijado el sensor.

Sensores de no contacto

Sensores de Movimiento Absoluto Son los que miden vibraciones absolutas, o sea, referidas a un punto fijo en el espacio. Esto es posible gracias a la propiedad de inercia de la masa activa del sistema que genera la seal.

Debido a esta particularidad , son conocidos tambin como ssmicos; pues son producto del desarrollo de los antiguos vibrmetros mecnicos utilizados para medir movimientos telricos.

Comparacin de SensoresHZCPM0.16160106001006.000100060.00010000600.000

Instalacin de Sensores en Hidrogeneradores

Instalacin de los Sensores

AcelermetroPiezoelctricoMovim. AbsolutoAceleracinVelocidadDesplazamiento(Gravedades(Gs)) RMS9.81m/seg2; 32.2 pie/seg2Velmetro Induccin Magntica Velocmetro PiezoelctricoMovim. AbsolutoSensibilidad0.1 Vol/GsSensor de DesplazamientoInductivo o CapacitivoMovim. Relativo(mm/seg; pul/seg) Pico1 pul/seg = 25.4mm/seg(ms; mils) Pico-Pico1 mils = 25.4 msVelocidad(mm/seg; pul/seg) Pico1 pul/seg = 25.4mm/seg(ms; mils) Pico-Pico1 mils = 25.4 msDesplazamientoSensibilidad0.5 Vol/(pul/seg)0.02 Vol/(mm/seg)(ms; mils) Pico-Pico1 mils = 25.4 msDesplazamientoSensibilidad0.2 Vol/mils0.008 Vol/msResumen Sensores

Equipos de Medida y AnlisisParte 5

Equipos Porttiles

Gua de Severidad ISO

Kit de Supervisin y Control Vibpen See Pen Thermopen Baterias Manual de instrucciones Tarjeta de severidad de vibracin Estuche de transporte

Analizador del estado del aceiteSKF - TMEH 1Indica los cambios sufridos por el aceite debido a:Contenido de aguaContaminacin por carburantesContenido de partculas metlicasOxidacinLecturas numricas para facilitar el control de tendencia respecto el aceite nuevo

Equipos Prottiles

Sistemas de Monitoreo en Lnea

Criterios de VibracionesParte 6

Criterios de vibracinPara determinar cuando las vibraciones no son tolerables se han elaborado normas y recomendaciones por las instituciones interesadas en base a la experiencia y al conocimiento actual en la materia.

Para esto se han clasificando los equipos en categoras y dando para cada una los niveles crticos de vibracin en amplitud y frecuencia

Normas de Severidad VibratoriaNORMA ALEMANA VDI 2056 (ISO 2372)

Se utiliza con mayor frecuencia para determinar niveles de severidad de vibracin en maquinaria,

Grupo K: Mquinas pequeas hasta 15 kwGrupo M: Mquinas medianas de 15 a 75 kw Grupo G: Mquinas grandes sobre fundaciones rgidas y pesadas y cuya frecuencia natural supera la velocidad de la mquina.Grupo T: Mquinas grandes operando con velocidades por encima de la frecuencia natural de la fundacin (turbo maquinaria).

Normas de Severidad Vibratoria

NORMAS IRD 305C

Esta norma establece rangos de severidad de la vibracin en la cual ya se involucra la frecuencia de operacin de la mquina.

Nivel Global(Overall)

Normas de Severidad VibratoriaSin embargo, aunque estos criterios son valiosos y gozan de general aceptacin, la dificultad est en lograr determinar correctamente bajo cual categora juzgar un equipo dado, ya que la clasificacin no es muy precisa.

Anlisis de TendenciasParte 7

Anlisis de TendenciasPermiten observar el comportamiento de las vibraciones en el Tiempo.

Se pueden ver tendencias tanto de nivel global, como de los parmetros de anlisis.

Anlisis de Tendencias

Anlisis de Tendencias 06-DEC-99

Anlisis de TendenciasComportamiento de las vibraciones desde el 25-ene-95 hasta 6-jun-98.El valor de amplitud observado corresponde al mas alto en el cual quedo el grupo luego del mantenimiento

Anlisis de TendenciasComportamiento de las vibraciones del punto mas crtico antes del mantenimiento.La amplitud observada corresponde a la medida antes del mantenimiento.

Anlisis de TendenciasComportamiento de las vibraciones del punto mas crtico antes del mantenimiento.La amplitud observada corresponde a la medida despues del mantenimiento.

FIN DE LA PRESENTACIN

GRACIAS POR SU ATENCIN

fundamentos de vibraciones

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