descripción de proceso cloro soda

8/10/2019 descripcin de Proceso Cloro Soda

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PETROQUMICA DE VENEZUELA, S.AU.N. OLEFINAS Y PLSTICOS

PLANTA CLORO SODA

CONTENIDO:GENERALIDADES

DESCRIPCIN DEL PROCESO1.- MANEJO Y PROCESAMIENTO DE SALMUERA.

1.1.- Man!" # $a% $&a.1.'.- T(a)a*+n)" Q*+&".

1..- Sa)(a&+/n # Sa%*(a 0 T(a)a*+n)" P(+*a(+".1..- T(a)a*+n)" S&n#a(+", A%*a&na*+n)" 0 A&+#+2+&a&+/n.1.3.- Sa%*(a A4")a#a, D&%"(+na&+/n 0 D$)(&)"( # C%"(a)"$.1.5.- D$%2a)a&+/n # Sa%*(a.

'.- SALA DE CELDAS6'.1.- E%&)(/%+$+$.'.'.- C+(&%a&+/n # %a S"#a C7$)+&a.'..- C"n)("% # P($+/n # C%"(".'..- C"n)("% # P($+/n # 8+#(/4n".'.3.- Rn"9a&+/n # &%#a$.'.5.- R&)+2+&a&+/n E%:&)(+&a.'.;.- A%*a&na*+n)" S"#a C7$)+&a a% '


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3 S+ ) # N ) %+ +/ # C%

GENERALIDADES.

La P%an)a C%"(" S"#a, +n$)a%a#a n % C"*=%!" Z%+a, +&a#" n E% Ta%a>", $)a

#+$a#a =a(a =("#&+( 1'. TMA n % %*+) # a)(a, a =a()+( # %a $a% &(#a,a4a #$*+n(a%+>a#a 0 %&)(+&+#a#. E% =("&$" C%"(" S"#a &"n$)a # ; 7(a$

=(+n&+=a%$ # "=(a&+/n.

1.- In)("#&&+/n6

La P%an)a C%"(" S"#a #% C"*=%!" Z%+a, $)a #+$a#a =a(a =("#&+( 1'.)"n%a#a$ *:)(+&a$ ="( a" # &%"(". E$)a =%an)a $ # T&n"%"4a A*(+&ana &0"

%+&n&+an) $ %a *=($a OYC8EM.

'.- Ma)(+a P(+*a6

La P%an)a C%"(" S"#a *=%a &"*" *a)(+a =(+*a, $a% &(#a =("9n+n) # %"$

"%+9+)"$ a n"$ * # %a P%an)a, a4a #$*+n(a%+>a#a $*+n+$)(a#a a% %*+) #

a)(a #$# %a P%an)a Cn)(a% # T(a)a*+n)" # A4a HCTA 0 %&)(+&+#a#

$*+n+$)(a#a ="( %a P%an)a %:&)(+&a #% C"*=%!" Z%+a, a $ 9> %a (&+ #%

$+$)*a %:&)(+&" na&+"na%. E% &"n$*" # :$)a *a)(+a =(+*a ="( #+$" # =%an)a $ %

$+4+n)6

53 T"n%a#a$ *:)(+&a$ #+a(+a$ HTMD # Sa% C(#a.

5;.5 *)("$ &B+&"$ ="( "(a H*K # A4a D$*+n(a%+>a#a.


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.- V+#a )+% # %a P%an)a6

La =%an)a C%"(" S"#a )n#(7 n *n+*" # ' a"$ # 9+#a n "=(a&+/n&"n)+na("n na =a(a#a # =%an)a ' a"$. La &"(("$+/n =(*+)+#a 2 $=&+2+&a#a =a(a

%"$ +="$ 0 )(a$ )"*an#" n &"n$+#(a&+/n %a 9+#a B)+% # %a =%an)a.

3.- Fa&)"( # S(9+&+"6

La P%an)a 2 #+$a#a n a$ a n 2a&)"( *n+*" # $(9+&+" # @3 < H?"(a$ ="( a".

5.- S(9+&+"$ =a(a %a "=(a&+/n # %a P%an)a.

SERVICIOS PEQUIVEN6

A4a D$*+n(a%+>a#a.

A4a P")a%.

A4a # n2(+a*+n)".

A4a # S(9+&+"$.

A4a C"n)(a+n&n#+"$.

A+( # S(9+&+". A+( # In$)(*n)"$.

Va="( # A4a.


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Sa%a # C"n)("%.

O2+&+na$.

Ta%%( # Man)n+*+n)".

V+a%+#a# In)(na.

V$)a(+"$.

Ca$)a # D$=a&".

E$)a&+"na*+n)" # V&%"$.

S+$)*a$ # #(na!$ &ana%$ =%9+a%$.

S+$)*a &"n)(a +n&n#+".

o MANEJO Y PROCESAMIENTO DE SALMUERA:n :$)a 7(a $ =(=a(a %a

$a%*(a H*>&%a # a4a &"n $a%, =a(a $( n9+a#a a %a$ &%#a$ # %"$

%&)("%+>a#"($.

o SALA DE CELDAS:$)a 7(a $)a 2"(*a#a ="( #"$ &+(&+)"$ # %&)("%+>a#"($

# "=(a&+/n +n#=n#+n). Ca#a &+(&+)" $)a &"n2"(*a#" ="( )(+n)a 0 $+$ H5

%&)("%+>a#"($ =a(a n )")a% # $)n)a 0 #"$ H;', n $)"$ %&)("%+>a#"($ a

)(a9:$ # %a$ **(ana$ $=&+a%$, $ #a %a $=a(a&+/n # %a *"%:&%a #

&%"((" # $"#+" Na :C%, 0 &"n $)" =("#&+( &%"(", +#(/4n" 0 $"#a &7$)+&a.

o PROCESAMIENTO DE CLORO:E% &%"(" $ $&&+"na#" ="( &"*=($"($ a&+a

% ) # + ) # % % % ) : # + ) # #


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n #"n# $ #+$)(+0 na =a() a&+a %a n+#a# # $n)$+$ # 7&+#" &%"(#(+&"

0 % ($)" $ 9n)a#" a %a a)*/$2(a.

o PRODUCCIN DE CIDO CLORHDRICO:En :$)a 7(a $ =("#& %a $n)$+$# 7&+#" &%"(#(+&", *#+an) %a (a&&+/n #% +#(/4n" 0 % &%"(" =("9n+n)

#% 7(a # &"*=($+/n 0 %+&a&+/n # &%"(", % &a% a$"(+#" n a4a %)(a =(a,

2"(*a %a $"%&+/n # 7&+#" &%"(#(+&" a% ' $ )(an$2(+#a a n %9a#"( # &an4+%"n$ 0


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#$*+n(a%+>a#a Ha%)a =(>a. La &"n&n)(a&+/n # $a%*(a ($%)an) #

*an)n($ ="( #a!" # %a $a)(a&+/n a 'C, =a(a 9+)a( %a =(&+=+)a&+/n # %a $a%.

La 2n&+/n #% 7(a # )(a)a*+n)" =(+*a(+" $ %a # (*"9( % &a%&+" 0 *a4n$+", *7$")("$ *)a%$ =$a#"$, a$)a $$ %*+)$ # $"%+%+#a# )+%+>an#" ):&n+&a$ #

=(&+=+)a&+/n, a$n)a*+n)" 0 2+%)(a&+/n.

E$) =("&$" # =("#&+(, &"n$+$)n)*n), $a%*(a &"n n *n+*" # *)a%$

$"%%$, =(*+)an a %a$ )"(($ # +n)(&a*+" +/n+&" =("#&+( na $a%*(a =a(a n

(n#+*+n)" /=)+*" n %a$ &%#a$.

1..1. Sa)(a&+/n # %a Sa%*(a6

La $a%*(a #&%"(+na#a =("n) #% =("&$" # #&%"(+na&+/n, n)(a n % 7(a =a(a

#+$"%&+/n # $a% a n =8 n)( ?.3 0 @.3 a na )*=(a)(a # a=("+*a#a*n) 5C,

&"n&n)(a&+/n # NaC% a ' 4K%, na (a)a # 2%!" n"(*a% # 1 * K.

A *#+#a n)(a n % 7(a =a(a #+$"%&+/n, %a &"((+n) $ #+9+# n na =a

&"((+n) # #$9" 0, na 4(an &"((+n) =(+n&+=a%. La &"((+n) =(+n&+=a% H1' *K $

*>&%a &"n na &"((+n) # a4a # a%)a =(>a, %a &a% n)(a a!" &"n)("% # n+9%

#$# % )an, =a(a a%*a&na*+n)" # $a%*(a $+n )(a)a(, E1 T1', )a*+:n $

*>&%a &"n na &"((+n) # $a%*(a 9+n # %a "*a # (&=(a&+/n #

% + ) ) E1 P1' AK S ) % + +/ # #+ % +/ #


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$ # a=("+*a#a*n) 13 4K% # NaC%. La $a%*(a $a)(a#a 2%0 a )(a9:$ # %"$

&"$ # #+$)(+&+/n, n %a =a(# #% $a)(a#"( 0 &a a&+a %a a)a.

La &"((+n) # #$9" # $a%*(a #:+% 2%0 a )(a9:$ # na 97%9%a a)"*7)+&a #

&"n)("% # #n$+#a#, a$)a n &a>a% #% *B%)+=%, % &a% #+$)(+0 % #$9" a&+a %a

a)a # &a#a $a)(a#"(. E% 2%!" a&+a &a#a a)a =# $( ")(a#" *ana%*n)

&"n na 97%9%a *a(+="$a. La a#+&+/n # $a%*(a #:+% n %a$ a)a$ (#& %a

&"n)(a&&+/n # $a%*(a a a=("+*a#a*n) 3 4K% # NaC% H*#+#" a 'C, %" &a%

=(9+n %a =(&+=+)a&+/n # %a $a% n %a a)a 0 n % +=" &"((+n) aa!".

E% &"n)("%a#"( a)"*7)+&" # #n$+#a#, (4%a(7 %a &"((+n) # #$9" n&$a(+a, &"*"

=a(a *an)n( na &"n&n)(a&+/n 4%"a% # $a%*(a ($%)an) # 3 4K% # NaC%.

La $a% $+ )(a)a( =("9n+n) #% $+%" # $a% HE1 11, 2%0 ="( 4(a9#a# a )(a9:$ #

%"$ &ana%$ a&+a &a#a (&+=+n) # #+$"%&+/n, =a(a 2"(*a( n %&" # $a%

a=("+*a#a*n) 1.5 *)("$ # a%)". La *a0"(a # %"$ +n$"%%$ $)7n n %

%&" # $a%, $ a$+n)an, 4(a#a%*n), n % &"n" # %a =a() +n2(+"( #% (&+=+n) #

#+$"%&+/n, #$# % &a% =(+/#+&a*n) $"n #$&a(4a#"$ ="( 4(a9#a# a )(a9:$ # %

#(na! *ana% (a%+>a % "=(a#"( &a#a ' "(a$, a$)a %a 2"$a # %"#" # $a%*(a

$+n )(a)a(, E1 PT1'.

En % 2"n#" # &a#a (&+=+n) # #+$"%&+/n 0 n %a )(a # $ 2%!" =a(a %"#" #

# #+ % ) )7 #+ ) + + + ) # %)


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2%!", a!$)a % 2%!" n)", =a(a )"#" % =("&$" # $a%*(a, a$)a % )an #

a%*a&na*+n)" # $a%*(a %)(a =(a.

L"$ n+9%$ # %a $a%*(a ($%)an) #n *an)n( # n+9% # NaSO n %a

$a%*(a ($%)an) a ? 4K%.

La 2n) =(+*a(+a # Na'SO$ %a $a% $+n )(a)a(, =(" =a() $ 4n(a ="( %a "+#a&+/n

# Na'SOn %a #&%"(+na&+/n # $a%*(a.

1..'. T(a)a*+n)" Q*+&"6

La $a%*(a n)(a n % )an # )(a)a*+n)" N 1 HE1 T1 &(&a #% 2"n#" 0 a

*#+#a =a$a a )(a9:$ # %a >"na # a4+)a&+/n $a9, $4+(7 %a (a&&+/n, % )+*="

# ()n&+/n n % )an # )(a)a*+n)" $ # *+n)"$ a 2%!" n"(*a% # 1? * K.

La $a%*(a ("$a a% )an # )(a)a*+n)" N ' HE1 T1, S aa# $"%&+/n #

&a("na)" # $"#+" a% 13< # =$", a )(a9:$ # na 97%9%a a)"*7)+&a # &"n)("% #

2%!", FV 11', %a &a% (&+ $ $a% #$# n &"n)("%a#"( # =("="(&+/n # 2%!", RC

11'. La $a% =(+*a(+a =a(a %a =("="(&+/n $ %a $a% #$# % &"n)("%a#"( # 2%!" #

$a%*(a $+n )(a)a(, FC 1?;.

E% ) # #+ + % % + % % + ) ) 2 %


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+n+&+a%*n) :$)a, $(7 aa#+#a &"((+n) aa!". A$ *+$*" $ )"*an =("9+$+"n$ =a(a

aa#+( n a4n) 2%"&%an), =(" :$) )a*+:n $ aa#+(7 +n+&+a%*n) &"((+n) aa!".

D+#" a% an#an) #$&a$&a(a*+n)" $ $=(a n $)a 7(a, %a )(a #

("$ =("9n+n) #$# a*"$ )an$ # )(a)a*+n)", $)7 $"( #+*n$+"na#a ="(

% )a*a" # na %na =a(a % 2%!" ="( 4(a9#a#. A%(##"( #% E1 T1, $

$*+n+$)(a n #$9" =a(a =(*+)+( %a ="$+% "=)+*+>a&+/n 0 2%++%+#a#, &"n $*+n+$)("

a%)(n"$ # $a%*(a $+n )(a)a(. N"(*a%*n), $) #$9" $)a(7 &((a#".

S +n0&)a $"%&+/n # +#(/+#" # $"#+" a% 1'< # =$" # %a %na # ("$ #

$a%*(a =("9n+n) #% E1 T1, a )(a9:$ # na 97%9%a a)"*7)+&a # &"n)("% #

2%!", FV 11, %a &a% (&+ $ $a% # &"n)("% #$# n &"n)("%a#"( # 2%!" #

$a%*(a, FC 1?;.

E% +#(/+#" # $"#+" (a&&+"na &"n % &%"((" # *a4n$+" n &$" # .' 4K% #

NaO8 n %a $a%*(a $+n )(a)a(, =a(a 2"(*a( M4HO8'+n$"%%, &"*" $+46

M4C%' 'NaO8 M4HO8'H$ 'NaC%

En =(7&)+&a, $ aa# $2+&+n) &7$)+&a =a(a *an)n( n &$" # .' 4K% # NaO8

n %a $a%*(a )(a)a#a, a$4(an#" a$ %a (a&&+/n $a %%9a#a $a %%9a#a %!"$


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CaCO 0 M4HO8' n 4(an#$ =a()&%a$, %" &a% +n)n$+2+&a %a$ &a(a&)($)+&a$ #

a$n)a*+n)" 0 #$+#(a)a&+/n # $)"$ +n$"%%$.

A *#+#a %a $a%*(a 0 %"$ $/%+#"$ 2%0n a&+a aa!" #% =">" &n)(a% 0 n)(an n

%a >"na # a$n)a*+n)" %"$ $/%+#"$ $ a$+n)an n % 2"n#" 0, $a%*(a &%a(+2+&a#a

&"n)+n # a ;==* # $/%+#"$ $$=n#+#"$, ("$a ="( %a =a() $=(+"( # %a

$"%&+/n # a$n)a*+n)", a )(a9:$ #% 9()#(", #n)(" # na a)a " &"%&)"(. D$#

:$)a B%)+*a, %a $a%*(a 2%0 ="( 4(a9#a# a% )an # a%+*n)a&+/n #% 2+%)(" =(+*a(+"

HE1 T13.

L"$ $/%+#"$ $$=n#+#"$ $ a$+n)an n % 2"n#" #% &%a(+2+&a#"(, $"n *"9+#"$ a&+a

n &"n" &n)(a% # #$&a(4a, ="( *#+" # n (a$)(+%%" 4+(a)"(+" %n)", % &a% $)7

a&&+"na#" ="( n *")"( n %a =a() $=(+"( #% &%a(+2+&a#"(. D$# % &"n" &n)(a%, %"$

$/%+#"$ $a%n #% &%a(+2+&a#"( &"*" %"#" a% 13< # =$" 0 n)(an ="( %a $&&+/n # %a

"*a # $ 2%!" #% &%a(+2+&a#"(, E1 P1 AK. W$)a$ "*a$ "=(an

+n)(*+)n)*n), a!" % &"n)("% # n )*="(+>a#"(, =a(a "*a( % %"#" #

$a%*(a )(a)a#a, E1 PT1. En %a $&&+/n 0 #$&a(4a # $)a$ "*a$ $ #+$="n

# &"n+"n$ =a(a %a9a( &"n a4a # a%)a =(>a 0 a$ ()+(a( &a%+( "$)(&&+/n

=#+(a "&((+(.

C )+ # % + + % % % # % % +2+ # + %


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La $a%*(a $ n9+a#a a$)a % %*+) #% =a)n, #$# a $ #+$)(++#a a$)a %a =a()

$=(+"( # &a#a n" # %"$ 2+%)("$, #$# n *B%)+=% &"*Bn.

Ca#a 2+%)(" )+n na 97%9%a # &"n)("% # 2%!" n $ n)(a#a 0 )"#"$ $)"$

&"n)("%a#"($ (&+n $$ 9a%"($ $)a%&+#"$ # n &"n)("%a#"( *ana% &"*Bn, 8C

11@@. E$)a (a)a # 2%!" # %a $a%*(a $+n )(a)a(, FC 1?;, ="( a=("+*a#a*n)

1'


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+n)((=)"( *ana% H8S 1'C, 1'1C, 1''C. En % *"#" a)"*7)+&" %"&a%, $

=# +n+&+a( &"n % ()("%a9a#", ="( *#+" #% +n)((=)"( *ana% #% )a%(" %"&a% H8S

1', 1'1, 1'1C.

En &a%+(a # %"$ *"#"$, $a a)"*7)+&" %"&a% " (*")", na 9> +n+&+a#a %a

$&n&+a #% ()("%a9a#", % ($)" # %"$ =a$"$ $$+4+n) $ &"n)("%a#" ="( % PLC.

En % *"#" Mana%, &a#a 97%9%a a)"*7)+&a # $( a&)+9a#a #$# n +n)((=)"(

$ n&n)(a n % )a%(" %"&a%.

Una $&n&+a )=+&a # ()("%a9a#" &"n$)a # 13 =a$"$ na 9> +n+&+a#" %

()("%a9a#", %"$ =a$"$ $"n %"$ $+4+n)$6

1.- E% 2+%)(" $ a+$%a#" #% $(9+&+".

'.- D(na! a&+a aa!".

.- Vn)".

.- S"=%a#".

3.- S#+*n)a&+/n # %&".

5.- R)("%a9a#".

;.- S#+*n)a&+/n # %&".

?.-D(na! a&+a aa!".

@.- Vn)".

1 S % #


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=a), #$# #"n# $ #+(+4+#" a&+a % (&=)"( # ()("%a9a#" #% 2+%)(" HE1

T1?.

En % =a$" # #(na! a&+a aa!", % a+( # =("&$" $ )+%+>a#" =a(a a)na( na

="(&+/n # %a $a%*(a n % 2+%)(" a&+a % (&=)"( #% ()("%a9a#". En % =a$" #%

9n)", %a =($+/n #% a+( ($+#a% $ =(4a#a a&+a %a a)*/$2(a. En % =a$" #%

a((+#" #% a+(, % a+( +n0&)a#" ="( %a =a() +n2(+"(, %9an)a % %&" 0 %a $a%*(a

(*ann), (9"%9+n#" %"$ $/%+#"$ $)7n a#(+#"$ a% *#+", % &a% =(*+) a%

%&" (&%a$+2+&a($, % ()("%a9a#" # 2%!" a$&n#n) a na a%)a (a)a # 2%!", %9an)a %

%&" 0 a%#a a&+a 2(a %"$ $/%+#"$. S =(*+)n % %&" $ a$+n) # n9" 0,

$ (=+)n %"$ =a$"$ an)(+"($, =a(a a$4(a( na %+*=+>a &"*=%)a, %4".

La $a%*(a (&"%&)a#a n % (&=)"( # ()("%a9a#" E1 T1? #(na #$# %

2"n#" # $ &"n, a na %n)a 0 $)a%, ="( 4(a9#a#, a&+a % 2"$" # %"#" # $a%*(a

)(a)a#a, E1 PT1. E% (&=)"( # ()("%a9a#" $)7 #+*n$+"na#" =a(a *an!a( %

9"%*n # $a%*(a 4n(a#" ="( #"$ ()("%a9a#"$ $4+#"$. En %a &"n+/n #

%a9a#" #(na! ="( 4(a9#a#, $ &"%"&a na &"n+/n # a%#a#" &"n a4a # a%)a

=(>a, #$# $) )an =a(a #$a%"!a( &a%+( )a="na*+n)" =#+(a +$)+(.

1..3. F+%)("$ P%+#"($6

La a%+*n)a&+/n $a%+n) #$# % $+$)*a # 2+%)("$ =(+*a(+"$ 2%0 a&+a % )an #


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%+*=+>a " +n n =(-(9$)+*+n)". A *#+#a %a $a%*(a =a$a a )(a9:$ #%

*a)(+a% # a0#a #% 2+%)(", n %a$ "!a$ #% *+$*", %"$ $/%+#"$ (*ann)$ n %a

$a%*(a Ha=(". 1==* $"n $a&a#"$.

La $a%*(a 2+%)(a#a 2%0 a$)a %a =a() +n2(+"( # &a#a "!a 0 $ (&"%&)a#a n n

*B%)+=% # $a%+#a, #$# % &a% +$) % 2+%)(". Una ="(&+/n #% 2%n) =a$a a )(a9:$

#% ana%+>a#"( # )(+#> n %na. E% a%an& $ a%+*n)a&+/n a n &a>a% #

(&"%&&+/n &"*Bn, &"n % ")(" 2+%)(" a$)a % %*+) #% =a), #$# % &a% =a$a a

)(a9:$ # %a$ 97%9%a$ # &"n)("% # n+9% =a(a % E1 T15. E$)a$ 97%9%a$ LV 1'31A

0 LV 1'31 )(aa!an &"n!n)a*n) =a(a =("="(&+"na( % &"n)("% # n+9% a% )an #

a%+*n)a&+/n, $+n +n)(2(+( &"n % &"n)("% # 2%!" a&+a % $+$)*a # 2+%)("$ )(aa!an n

n (an4" &"*Bn # &"n)("% # 2%!" a&+a % $+$)*a # 2+%)("$ )(aa!an n n (an4"

&"*Bn # &"n)("% # ' *A n #+(&&+"n$ +n9($a$ 0 $)7n n %na =a(a

=("="(&+"na( +n&(*n)"$ +4a%$ # 2%!" =a(a &a#a n" # %"$ +n&(*n)"$ # $a%.

La a%+*n)a&+/n # $a%+#a a )(a9:$ # LV 1'31A. E% 9a%"( $)a%&+#" n % &"n)("%a#"(

# 2%!" =a(a % $+$)*a, FC 1'@1, $)7 $)a%&+#" =a(a % &"n)("%a#"( # 2%!" # %a

$a%*(a $+n )(a)a(, FC 1?;, =a(a =(*+)+( %a &"((+n) # (&+&%a#".

D$=:$ # n =("#" # )+*=" n %a %na H4n(a%*n) # ' a ? "(a$, $ $a&a

# $(9+&+" % 2+%)(" 0 $ %+*=+a, =a(a +)a( % (&(+*+n)" 0 %"$ $/%+#"$ 2+%)(a#"$ $

% # % ! E% + % # %+ + # # %% +


15/44

="( % PLC. E% *"#" *ana%, &a#a 97%9%a a)"*7)+&a # $( a&)+9a#a #$# n

+n)((=)"( n % )a%(" %"&a%.

Can#" $ ()+(a n 2+%)(" # $(9+&+", % ")(" $ ="n n $(9+&+", # *an(a

$+*=( a0a n" n %na.

E% a+( #% =("&$", =("9n+n) #% 7(a # $(9+&+"$ $ =("="(&+"na a$)a % %*+) #%

=a)n, #$# % &a% $ #+$)(++#" a$)a %a =a() $=(+"( # &a#a (&+=+n) #% 2+%)("

=a(a %a =(4a. En % &a$" # %a =(4a # %a "!a, $ )+%+>a a+( =a(a *=!a( %"$ ($)"$

# $a%*(a #a("n n % (&+=+n), a )(a9:$ # %a$ "!a$ #% 2+%)(". E$)"

*an)+n na =($+/n #+2(n&+a% a )(a9:$ # %a$ "!a$, a& % a4%"*(a#"

H*#+" 2+%)(an) *7$ $/%+#"$ 2+%)(a#"$ # %a "!a $ *an)n4a +n)a&)" $)" a na (a)a #

2%!" (%a)+9a*n) =a.

La $a%*(a #(na#a $ #+(+4+#a #$# % (&+=+n) a$)a % 2"$" # ()("%a9a#" #%

2+%)(" # =%+( $a%*(a, E1 PT15. En % =a$" # =(4a #% )a%/n, %a *a0"(a # %a

$a%*(a (*ann) n % (&+=+n) $ a((+#a ="( a+(, # (4($" a$)a % )an #

a%+*n)a&+/n #% 2+%)(" # =%+(, E1 T15 $ *an)+n % 2%!" # a+( a )(a9:$ # %a$

"!a$.

D$=:$ # a( 9n)a#" %a =($+/n # a+( %a $a%*(a $ #+(+4 #$# %a "*a #


16/44

D(an) % =a$" # ($(9a, $ =(=a(a % =( (9$)+*+n)", % &a%, 4n(a%*n),

#(a a=("+*a#a*n) n)( ' 0 ? "(a$. S *>&%a %a a0#a #% 2+%)(" #% )+=" A%2a

C%%"$a HS"%a F%"( , )+%+>7n#"% a4+)a#"( # =( (9$)+*+n)", E1 AG151, &"n %a $a%*(a n % )an # =( (9$)+*+n)", E1 T 151. E$) )an

)+n &a+#a =a(a $2+&+n) $a%*(a 0 =( (9$)+( n 2+%)(". Una 9> *>&%a#", $

+n+&+a % "*" #% =( (9$)+*+n)", &"*" =a(a %%na( 0 =( (9$)+( n 2+%)(". Una

9> *>&%a#", $ +n+&+a % "*" #% =( (9$)+*+n)", ="( *#+" #% PLC, 9a %a$

"*a$ # #$a4X K =( (9$)+*+n)".

En % =a$" #% =( (9$)+*+n)", % %"#" # =( (9$)+*+n)", $ "*a#" #n)("

# %a %na # a%+*n)a&+/n #% 2+%)(" 9a&", =a(a a$ %%na(%" % 2+%)(" $ 9n)a#" n $)

*"*n)". Una 9> %%na#" % 2+%)(", % 9n)" $ &((a#" 0 %a $a%*(a 2%0 a )(a9:$ #

%a$ "!a$, #="$+)an#" % =( (9$)+*+n)" n %a $=(2+&+ # %a "!a %" &a% &(a n

$$)(a)" ="("$" =a(a % 2+%)(a#" # $/%+#"$ 2+n"$. La $a%*(a 2%n) $ #+(+4+#a #

(4($" a% )an # =( (9$)+*+n)", &0a *>&%a $ &+(&%a#a #$# % )an #

=( (9$)+*+n)" a$)a % 2+%)(" 0, # (4($" # n9", a$)a %a )(+#> #%

2%n), "$(9a#a ="( % *#+#"( # )(+#>, $a a&=)a%.

En $) =n)", % 2+%)(" $ &"%"&a#" n %a %na 0, % ")(" 2+%)(" $ ()+(a#" 0, a$ $

&"*=%)a % &+&%". Can#" % 2+%)(" n)(a ="( =(+*(a 9> n &"((+n), na ="(&+/n # %a

% 2+%) # #+ + +# % ) # )+ + ) % % %%


17/44

E$)a "*a )+n n $*+n+$)(" a)"*7)+&" +n)(*+)n) # a4a # a%)a =(>a, =a(a

%+*=+a( %"$ $/%+#"$ =#+(an a$n)a($ n %a )(a # n)(a#a 0 $a%+#a. La (a)a #

#"$+2+&a&+/n #% a4%"*(an) =# $( a!$)a#a, $+ 2(a n&$a(+", =a(a =("9"n a*n)" 4(a#a% n %a &a#a # =($+/n, a )(a9:$ #% 2+%)(". Tan)" n % )an # =(

(9$)+*+n)" &"*" % # a4%"*(an) 0, %a$ "*a$ 0 )(a$ a$"&+a#a$, $

$*+n+$)(an n =a)$ $"( =a)n, &"*" =a() #% $+$)*a # 2+%)(" # =%+(.

E% %+#" # #$a4X $ (&"%&)a n % 2"$" # ()("%a9a#" #% 2+%)(" # =%+( $

"*a#" a$)a % (&=)"( # ()("%a9a#" #% 2+%)(" E1 T1?, ="( %a "*a #

$*+#(" #% 2+%)(" # =%+( %a $a%*(a E1 P1 AK. La "*a # $*+#(" $)7

#+$a#a =a(a a4an)a( % &"n)n+#" # &+&%" # %+*=+a#" %a "*a a((an&a

*ana%*n).

La $a%*(a 2+%)(a#a #$# % $+$)*a # 2+%)("$ # =%+(, &"n)+n 1==* # $/%+#"$

n" $$=n#+#"$, 2%0 a$)a % )an # a%+*n)a&+/n # +n)(&a*+" +/n+&" E1

T11. E$) )an )+n n 9"%*n 4(an# # "%a!, # ' a ()("%a9a#", =a(a %"$

2+%)("$ =(+*a(+"$ Hna (a)a a%)a # 2%!" #(an) n &"()" =("#" # )+*=" 0, &"*"

(&+=+n) +4a%a#"( # (&+&%a#" =a(a %a $a%*(a %)(a =(a, #(an) % B%)+*" =a$" #

%a (4n(a&+/n # +n)(&a*+" +/n+&" a $)#+a($ n =(/+*".

D(an) % =("&$" # ()("%a9a#" # %"$ 2+%)("$ =(+*a(+"$ %a $a%*(a n)(a ="( %a

+/ # % # %+ ) +/ # ) % # E1 P111 % %


18/44

#&%"(+na#a 2+%)(a#a. S )"*an =("9+$+"n$ =a(a +n0&)a( $%2+)" # $"#+" n %a %na #

$&&+/n # %a "*a &"*Bn, n % $=$)" n4a#" a%4Bn &%"(" %+( a)(a9+$ %

7(a # #&%"(+na&+/n, 0 % 7(a # )(a)a*+n)" # %a $a%*(a. La a#+&+/n # $%2+)" $a& *ana%*n).

S a& #+(+4+( n (&+&%a#" *n+*" (2%!" =a(a %a =(")&&+/n %a "*a, a )(a9:$ # %a

%na a&+a E1 T11. La $a% # &"n)("% # n+9% a&+a LV 13' $ 4+a#a a )(a9:$

# n $%&)"( # $a% # a!a LY 13', % &a% &"*=a(a %a $a%+#a #% &"n)("%a#"( #

n+9% a&+a %a $a%+#a, #$# % &"n)("%a#"( # n+9% n" ($)(+n!a, )an $9(a*n), % 2%!"

# $a%*(a a&+a % +n)(&a*+a#"( # +"n$, n &"*=a(a&+/n &"n % 2%!" # $a%*(a

n % $+$)*a # +n)(&a*+" # +"n$ H$a% #$# FQ 1?1 a&+a % 2%!" #

$a%*(a $+n )(a)a(, a% &"*+n>" #% )(a)a*+n)" # $a%*(a H$a% #$# FC 1?;.

E$) &"n)("%a#"( n9+a(7 na $a%+#a a% $%&)"( # a!a =a(a *an)n( %a =("="(&+/n #

FQC 1?1 &"n FCI 1?; n .? n"(*a%*n) % 2%!" # $a%*(a n % FQC

1?1 $(7 # a=("+*a#a*n) % *+$*" FCI 1?;, ="( %" +$)+(7 na $a% #

a%)a a&+a LY 13', )(a)an#" # &((a( a LV 13'. E% +n)((=)"( $%&)"( +4n"(a %a

$a% # a%)a 0 )(a$*+) %a $a% # &"n)("% # n+9% a %a 97%9%a. ABn $+n *a(4",

#(an) n ()("%a9a#" %a (7=+#a #=($+/n n % n+9% #% E1 T11 =#+(a &"n#&+(

a na $"( (a&&+/n ="( =a() # LV 13' =a(a &((a( LV 13', 9n)a%*n) $

a(7 *a0"( %a $a% #$# FFC 13', &0" *"*n)" % $%&)"( # a!a

+ 7 % ) % # LV 13' A% ) % # # +/ ) %


19/44

% =">". D+#" a% 4(an 9"%*n # $) 2"$", %"$ $/%+#"$ $ a$+n)an n % 2"n#" 0, n

%+#" (%a)+9a*n) &%a(", ("$a a n 9()#(", #n)(" # %a 2"$a # (&=(a&+/n #

$a%*(a )(a)a#a E1 PT1. La $a%*(a $)7 n % 2"$" # (&=(a&+/n $)(an$2(+#a # 9%)a a% T 1, a )(a9:$ # %a 97%9%a # &"n)("% # 2%!", FV 1;3@.

La $a% # &"n)("% =a(a %a 97%9%a $ (a!$)a#a a)"*7)+&a*n), ="( % )(a$*+$"( #

n+9% n %a 2"$a # (&=(a&+/n. Un (&+&%a#" # 2%!" *n+*" =a(a % =(")&)"( # %a

"*a, $ #+(+4+#" # (4($" a% 2"$".

A #+2(n&+a %a 2"$a # %"#" # $a%*(a $+n )(a)a(, n % 2"$" # %"#" # $a%*(a

)(a)a#a n" $ #!a n)(n #((a*$ 0 % a4a # %a9a#". L"$ $/%+#"$ $

a$+n)an n % 2"$" # %"#" # $a%*(a )(a)a#a, $"n )(an$2(+#"$ =(+/#+&a*n), a&+a

n (%%n" 2(a # %4a(, ="( *#+" # %a "*a # %"#" # $a%*(a )(a)a#a E1

P15 AK. S"( %a a$ # =("*#+" # )+*=", a=("+*a#a*n) 4K # $/%+#"$

0 ? 4 # %+#" $a%n # %a =%an)a n $)a &"((+n). S )"*an %a$ =("9+$+"n$ =a(a

% a4a # =("&$" a%#$ #n)(" #% 2"$" =a(a *9a % %"#" #n)(" #% 2"$"

=a(a *9a % %"#" #n)(" # %a $&&+/n # %a "*a.

1..- T(a)a*+n)" $&n#a(+", a%*a&na*+n)" 0 a&+#+2+&a&+/n.

La 2n&+/n # $)a 7(a $ %a # *!"(a( %a &a%+#a# # %a $a%*(a (*"9+n#" *7$

&a)+"n$ H&a%&+" 0 *a4n$+" =(+n&+=a%*n), =a(a %"4(a( na a%+*n)a&+/n # $a%*(a

%) % % + % 2 + + ) / )+ # % ) % #


20/44

1..'. A&+#+2+&a&+/n # %a Sa%*(a6

La $a%*(a $ a&+#+2+&a =a(a (*"9( %a $"#a &7$)+&a 0 %"$ &a("na)"$ =("9n+n)$

# %a$ )a=a$ # )(a)a*+n)" an)(+"($. E$) =("&$" $ %%9a a &a" n #"$ )a=a$6 %a

=(+*(a, an)$ # %a $a%*(a %)(a =(a n)( a% )an # a%*a&na*+n)", n

#"n# $ aa# 7&+#" &%"(#(+&" a% 'a&+/n a% )(*+na($ $ n&n)(a % =8 $ # 5.?. A%

aa#+( *7$ 7&+#" $ =("#& na &"n9($+/n =a(&+a% # +&a("na)" # $"#+" a #+/+#"

# &a("n", &%"((" # $"#+" 0 a4a, %%4an#" % =8 a$)a 3 5 $) 9a%"( # =8

)a*+:n =(*+) =a() #% +&a("na)" # $"#+" (*ann) (a&&+"n n % )an.

La (a&&+/n +n9"%&(a#a $ %a $+4+n)6

Na8CO 8C% CO' NaC% 8'O

P"$)(+"(*n), %a $a%*(a %)(a =(a $ %%9a#a a ?C a )(a9:$ # n +n)(&a*+a#"(

# &a%"(, =a(a =a$a( a %a $4n#a )a=a # a&+#+2+&a&+/n &"n %a 2+na%+#a# # &"*=%)a( %a

(a&&+/n #% +&a("na)" # $"#+" 0 n)(a( a% 7(a # %&)(/%+$+$.


21/44

E% 7&+#" &%"(#(+&" aa#+#" )a*+:n (a&&+"na &"n % $%2a)" # $"#+" =($n), #

a&(#" a %a$ $+4+n)$ (a&&+"n$6

Na'SO 8C%

Na8SO NaC%Na8SO 8C% 8'SO NaC%

1.3.'. D&%"(+na&+/n # %a $a%*(a.

Pa(a $)a 2a$ # #&%"(+na&+/n $ "*a $a%*(a a4")a#a #$# % #=/$+)" #

$a%*(a a4")a#a a$)a %a =a() $=(+"( # na &"%*na *=a&a#a H#&%"(+na#"( T-1', "=(an#" a!" 9a&" # *n"$ -.3? 4K&*' " 3 **84 ="( #a!" # %a

=($+/n a)*"$2:(+&a. E% #&%"(+na#"( #+$*+n0 % &%"(" #+$%)" n %a $a%*(a, #$#

a=("+*a#a*n), 13 *4K%, a$)a n n+9% a=("+*a#" # 1 a *4K%. S &(a

$2+&+n) 9a&" n %a )"(( #&%"(+na#"(a E1-T1', # *"#" %a =($+/n #% $+$)*a

$ a&( a% =n)" # %%+&+/n # %a $a%*(a. C"n %a (#&&+/n # %a =($+/n )")a%

#% $+$)*a, $ (#& %a =($+/n =a(&+a% #% &%"(", )(a0n#" % &%"(" *"%&%a( a&"$"

# %a $a%*(a, &"n % 2+n # ")n( a!"$ n+9%$ # &%"(" #+$%)".

La &"%*na *=a&a#a $ )+%+>a =a(a a$4(a( na a#&a#a 7(a # $=(2+&+ =a(a %a

$=a(a&+/n 9a="( %+#". E% 9a="( - %+#" 2%0 a&+a #a!" # %a &"%*na 0 $

$=a(an n % 2"n#".


22/44

S "*a $a%*(a #&%"(+na#a ="( 9a&", )+%+>an#" =a(a %%" %a "*a # $a%*(a

#&%"(+na#a HE1-MP11@ AK na "=(an#" 0 %a ")(a n ($(9a, #$# %a $&&+/n+4a%a#"(a #% 2"n#" #% #&%"(+na#"( E1-T1', a$)a %a #&%"(+na&+/n *+&a, an)$ #

)(an$2(+(%a # (4($" a %"$ $a)(a#"($ # $a%*(a. E% n+9% # %+#" n %a )"((

#&%"(+na#"(a $)7 &"n)("%a#" ="( na 97%9%a a)"*7)+&a n %a #$&a(4a # %a$ "*a$

# $a%*(a #&%"(+na#a. S +n&%0 na %na *n+*a # (&+&%a#", &"n % 2+n # 9+)a(

$ #$=($(+& %a "*a # $a%*(a #&%"(+na#a E1-MP11@.

La )*=(a)(a # %a $a%*(a n %a =a() $=(+"( # %a )"(( # #&%"(+na&+/n $ 9+4+%a

&"n)+na*n), &"n % 2+n # 2a&+%+)a( %a &"((&&+/n # &a%+( #$9+a&+/n, 0a na

#+$*+n&+/n # %a )*=(a)(a, )(a(a &"*" &"n$&n&+a, n +n&(*n)" n %a

&an)+#a# # &%"(" #+$%)" n %a $a%*(a. P"( %" )an)", %a 9+4+%an&+a # %a )*=(a)(a

=(*+) a %"$ "=(a#"($ #)(*+na( a&&+"n$ &"((&)+9a$ a4a$ aa!" #% =("&$".

S +n&%0 na 97%9%a # (&+&%a#" n %a #$&a(4a # %a$ "*a$ # 9a&" #%

#&%"(+na#"( HE1-MP1@1 AK. D(an) %a "=(a&+/n n"(*a%, 4n(a%*n) $ &+((a

#+&a 97%9%a =a(a &"n$4+( % *7+*" # 9a&" $ #$a, &"n % 2+n # *+n+*+>a(

%a &an)+#a# # &%"(" #+$%)" n %a $a%*(a. S =# )+%+>a( %a 97%9%a # (&+&%a#" n

%"$ a((an$ 0 n %a$ =a(a#a$ =a(a %+*+na( %a$ =%$a&+"n$ n $)a$ "*a$.


23/44

1.5.- D$%2a)a&+/n # Sa%*(a.

La n+#a# NDS $ a #+$a#" =a(a =("&$a( $a%*(a #&%"(+na#a n )($ &"%*na$

# +n)(&a*+" +/n+&" $an n )+=" $=&+a% # ($+na =a(a (*"9( ;'4K #%$%2a)" $)7 #+$%)" n %a $a%*(a. La $a%*(a, %4" # $)a )a=a, $)7 n

&"n#+&+"n$ # ()"(na( a% =("&$" # $a)(a&+/n &"n %a &"n&n)(a&+/n $=&+2+&a#a # 3

4K% # $%2a)" # $"#+".

La =%an)a NDS &"n$)a # )($ $+$)*a$, =a(a % &*=%+*+n)" # $ "!)+9"6

A. Siste! "e S!#$e%! Des$#&!t!"!

En $) $+$)*a $ *an!an a=("+*a#a*n) ;3 *K # $a%*(a a4")a#a

=("9n+n)$ # $a%a # &%#a$ 0 ? *K # $a%*(a #$%2a)a#a $ nn &"n %a

&"((+n) =(+n&+=a% =a(a +( a% 7(a # $a)(a&+/n.

La (a&&+/n $ %%9a a &a" n #+&" $+$)*a $ %a $+4+n)6

Z(C%'[' SO['-\ Z(SO[' 'C%- H1

'. Siste! "e !($! )!%! #!*!"+

En $) $+$)*a $ *an!an '1 *K # a4a &"n n =8 &"n)("%a#" n '. C"n $)a

#+ +/ % % # + % # # +/


24/44

La $a%*(a &"n)+n $%2a)"$, $ &"n)("%a#a n na &"n#+&+/n 7&+#a a% a4(4a(%

7&+#" &%"(#(+&" 0 =a(a%%a*n) $ %+*+na %a &an)+#a# # C%' %+( &"n)+n a

)(a9:$ # %a a#+&+/n # $%2+)" # $"#+" Na 'SO. Una 9> %"4(a#a$ %a$ &"n#+&+"n$ #n)(a#a, %a $a%*(a %%4a a %a$ )"(($ # ($+na$ E1-T1?1AKKC ="( %a =a() +n2(+"(,

#"n# &"*+n>a a %%9a($ a &a" % =("&$" # a#$"(&+/n, $4Bn %a &a&+/n H1 a

*#+#a a9an>a n % %&" 2%+#+>a#".

La $a%*(a a$ #$%2a)a#a, &a ="( ("$ a% )an # a%*a&na*+n)" )*="(a%

E1-T1@, # #"n# $ (&=(a#a a %a %na =(+n&+=a%.

E$) =("&$" $ %%9a a &a" n 2"(*a $&n&+a%, $ #&+(, &an#" %a a#$"(&+/n # %a

($+na a%&an>a %a &a=a&+#a# )")a%, %a a#$"(&+/n $ &a*+a#a a %a $+4+n) )"((.

D$=:$ #% &*=%+*+n)" # %a a#$"(&+/n, %a $a%*(a n %a )"(( $ (&=(a#a a%

#(na( 0 %4" n!a4a( %a $=(2+&+ &"n % a4a =a(a %a9a#".

A% 2+na%+>a( % =a$" # %a9a#", %a ($+na $)7 %+$)a =a(a %a #$"(&+/n, #"n# $ %+*+na(an

%"$ $%2a)"$ # %a $a%*(a $4Bn %a &a&+/n H.

Una 9> 2+na%+>a#a %a #$"(&+/n, % a4a &"n)+n $%2a)"$ $ (&=(a#a a% #(na( 0

% ! % ) # + %+ # + % ) E1 T1@1


25/44

L" =(+n&+=a% n na &%#a %&)("%)+&a, n" $ $/%" %a 4n(a&+/n # =("#&)"$, $+n"

)a*+:n $ $=a(a&+/n. Ca #$)a&a( , &a#a &%#a )+%+>a na **(ana #

+n)(&a*+" +/n+&" =a(a 2&)a( #+&a $=a(a&+/n.

La **(ana # +n)(&a*+" +/n+&", +*=+# % =a$" # %"$ +"n$ &%"(" a %a &7*a(a #%

&7)"#" 0 9+)a %a *+4(a&+/n # %a *a0"(a # %"$ +"n$ +#(/2+%"$ HO8 - a&+a % 7n"#".

E% *7+*" a*=(a! ="( &+(&+)" $ # 1;@.1 a*=(+"$. D+$)(++#"$ =a(a 5

%&)("%+>a#"($ &"n2"(*an &a#a &+(&+)".

E% 4a$ +#(/4n" 0 %a $"#a &7$)+&a $ 2"(*an n %a &7*a(a #% &7)"#", $n

a&+a % )"= 0 2%0n 2(a #% %&)("%+>a#"(. En na T # $=a(a&+/n, %a *>&%a #

#"$ 2a$$ $ $=a(a. E% 4a$ +#(/4n" $ (&"4 n n #+$)(++#"(-(&"%&)"( a ;3 **

# 8'O # =($+/n ="$+)+9a 0 %a $"#a &a #n)(" # n )an (&"%&)"(.

'.'.- C+(&%a&+/n # %a S"#a C7$)+&a6

La $"#a, a na &"n&n)(a&+/n a=("+*a#a # '


26/44

=($+/n #% &"%&)"( # &%"(" $ *"9(7 *7$ " *n"$ n =a(a%%" &"n$(9an#" %a

#+2(n&+a # ;3 ** # 8'O.

'..- C"n)("% # P($+/n # 8+#(/4n"6

E% 7(a # =("&$a*+n)" # +#(/4n" &"n$+$) # na 97%9%a # &"n)("% # &"n)(a

=($+/n 0 n =a( # $%%"$ # 9n)". La =($+/n n % &"%&)"( # %a $a%a # &%#a$, $

*an)+n a ;3 ** # 8'O =a(a a$4(a( %a **(ana $): +n*"9+%+>a#a n &a#a

&%#a. La$ 9a(+a&+"n$ n $) =n)" # a!$), n" #n ( # ^ '3 ** 8 'O.

E% &"n)("% # ()("=($+/n $ *an)+n, ="( *#+" # na 97%9%a # &"n)("% n %

&"%&)"( =(+n&+=a%, n &"*+na&+/n &"n % (&+&%" =("9n+n) # %a #$&a(4a #%

&"*=($"( # +#(/4n", %a &a% a$4(a #$a!$)$ n %a =($+/n n" $ )(an$*+)an

# ()"(n" a% &"%&)"( # %a $a%a # &%#a$.

E% $%%" # 9n)" #% +#(/4n" $)7 #+$a#" =a(a 9n)a( n %"$ &a$"$ n %a

=($+/n n % &"%&)"( a # %"$ 1' ** # 8 'O $+ #+&a =($+/n &a ="( #a!" #

%"$ 3 ** # 8'O, n +n)(%"& "&a$+"na % &"*=($"( $ #)n4a 0 $+ $)

n4(ana! 2a%%a, % $%%" # 9n)" +*=+# %a n)(a#a # a+( a% $+$)*a, 0a $) $

+n)("#& &"n (+$4" # =%"$+/n.

' 3 R +/ # C %#


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&"*" *7+*", % 9a%"( # &"((+n) n a*=(+"$ (&++#a ="( %"$ %&)("%+>a#"($,

(=($n)a %a &a(4a # "=(a&+/n # =%an)a 0 :$)a =# 9a(+a( n)( @. 0 1?.

a*=(+"$ ="( &+(&+)".

'.;.- A%*a&na*+n)" # $"#a &7$)+&a a% 'a#"($ a% )an # &+(&%a&+/n

# $"#a, #"n# a=("+*a#a*n) % ?< $ #$)+na a %a Un+#a# # C"n&n)(a&+/n #

S"#a, % @< $ n9a a% $+$)*a # &+(&%a&+/n. E% ="(&n)a! # $"#a ($)an)

#$=:$ # $( n2(+a#a $ a%*a&na n %"$ )an$ # $"#a a% '< HE-T'AK,

#$# #"n# $ n9a a ")("$ $"$.

.- PROCESAMIENTO DE CLORO6

E% &%"(" # %"$ #"$ &+(&+)"$ # %a $a%a # &%#a$, $ =("&$a n )(n$

$=a(a#"$, $"*)+:n#"%"$ a n n2(+a*+n)", $&a#" 0 &"*=($+/n. D$=:$ # %a

&"*=($+/n, %a$ &"((+n)$ # &%"(" $ &"*+nan 0 2%0n a na n+#a# &"*Bn #

(2(+4(a&+/n =a(a %a %+&a&+/n. S+ $ #$a, $ =# )"*a( #+(&)a*n) # %a

&"*=($+/n 0 n9+a(%" a %"$ $a(+"$ a$ %" (+(an.

.1.- En2(+a*+n)" 0 S&a#" # C%"("6

E% 4a$ &%"(" B*#", $ n2(a a 13C n #"$ )a=a. En %a =(+*(a, n2(+a#"($ # )"$

# )+) + ! % ) ) # # @C ) C )+%+ #


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D$=:$ #% n2(+a*+n)", &a$+ )"#a %a *#a# (*ann) n % &%"(" $ (*9 n

%a$ )"(($ # $&a#". T($ )"(($ n $(+, $ )+%+>an =a(a a$"(( % 9a="( # a4a #%

&%"(" *#+an) 7&+#" $%2B(+&" &"n&n)(a#" H@?< a=("+*a#a*n), % &a% 2%0 #)"(( a )"(( 0 n &"n)(a&"((+n) &"n % 2%!" #% 4a$ &%"(". Ca #&+( % 7&+#"

$%2B(+&" $)7 *7$ &"n&n)(a#", $ ="n n &"n)a&)" &"n % &%"(" *n"$ B*#",

n ")(a$ =a%a(a$ % 7&+#" +n+&+a $ (&"((+#" a =a()+( # %a (a. )"((, n % "(#n =a(a

$ =("#" # "=(a&+/n, a$)a %a 1(a. )"((.

E% &%"(" B*#" n)(a a %a 1(a. )"(( # $&a#, a=("+*a#a*n) a 13C, &"n n

&"n)n+#" # a4a &(&an" a% '.< n 9"%*n 0 #!a %a (a. )"(( a ;C 0 &"n

*n"$ # 1 ==* # *#a#. Can#" % 7&+#" $ ="n n &"n)a&)" &"n % a4a #%

4a$ &%"(", :$)a $ a$"( a$)a %a =($+/n # 9a="( # a4a n % 4a$ &%"("

#!a % )"= # %a )"((, n)(a n +%+(+" &"n %a =($+/n # 9a="( #% a4a !(&+#a ="(

7&+#" &+(&%a n % )"= # %a $&&+/n. La )*=(a)(a #% 4a$ &%"(" a*n)a &"n %

+n&(*n)" # %a )*=(a)(a #% 7&+#" $%2B(+&", #+#" a% &a%"( # #+%&+/n #% 7&+#"

$%2B(+&" &+(&%a #$# %a (a. )"(( a$)a %a 1(a.

.'.- C"*=($+/n # &%"("6

La 2n&+/n # %"$ &"*=($"($ $ a((a$)(a( % 4a$ &%"(" a )(a9:$ # %a$ n+#a#$ #

n2(+a*+n)" 0 $&a#", %9an#" %a =($+/n # $a%+#a #% 4a$ a ;.; a)*

+ # )


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N"(*a%*n) # aa#+($ #+a(+a*n) na =a &an)+#a# # ))(a&%"((" #

&a("na =a(a 4a(an)+>a( $ =($n&+a &"n)+na n % )a*"( 0 ="#( *an)n( %a MNV

n $"%&+/n. E% &+%%( # &%"(" $ =(4a ()+na(+a*n) # %a MNV, ="( %" )a*+:n $#$a%"!a a%4" # &%"(" %+#" a&+a % )a*"( # 2"n#".

A *#+#a % &%"(" %+#" 2%0 #$&n#n)*n) a )(a9:$ # %a )"(( *=a&a#a,

n &"n)a&)" &"n % 4a$ &a%+n), 9a a$"(+n#" % &a%"( #% 4a$. La )*=(a)(a #

$a%+#a #% 4a$ $ -?C, &"(($="n# a %a )*=(a)(a # +%+(+" #% 4a$ &%"("

$a)(a#", $ n&n)(a &"n % &%"(" %+#" a %a =($+/n #% &+%%( H53 **84.

E% $+$)*a # &"*=($+/n, &"n$+$) # na n+#a# # *B%)+=%$ )a=a$ H)($, &"n #"$

n2(+a#"($ n)( &a#a )a=a 0 n" a %a $a%+#a. L"$ n2(+a#"($ $)7n #+$a#"$ =a(a

9+)a( % 4a$ a%&an& )*=(a)(a$ $=(+"($ a %"$ 1?C, )+%+>an#" &"*" *#+"

# n2(+a*+n)" a4a # %a )"((. S # =(9n+( % &"n)a&)" #% a4a &"n % &%"(", ="(

%" &a% a% $( )+%+>a#a, $ (&+(&%a(7 a% )an # a%*a&na*+n)".

La =($+/n # #$&a(4a # %"$ &"*=($"($ $)7 &a%+(a#a a ;.; a)* a=("+*a#a*n)

0 % &%"(" =# n)"n&$ #+(+4+($ a %a =%an)a # EDC, %+&a&+/n, n+#a# # 7&+#"

&%"(#(+&" " +="&%"(+)" # $"#+".

D ) % % # % # % % # # %) +/ )


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E% &%"(" %+#" #(na ="( 4(a9#a# a %"$ )an$ # a%*a&na!, %"$ &a%$ 9n)an a%

)a*"( # =%"$+/n # %+&a&+/n. E% 4a$ &%"(" n" &"n#n$a#" 0 %"$ 4a$$ +n()$ #%

)a*"( # =%"$+"n$, *>&%a %%a*a#a 4a$ # &"%a, $ n9an a %a n+#a# # 7&+#"&%"(#(+&" HS+4(+.

..- Man!" 0 A%*a&na! # &%"("6

E% &%"(" %+#" $ a%*a&na#" n )an$ a+$%a#"$, +=a#"$ &"n #+$="$+)+9"$ #

=$a#" %&)(/n+&" =a(a % &"n)("% # +n9n)a(+"$. P"$)(+"(*n), % &%"(" %+#" $

n9a a #"$ H' n9"$ )an$ # a%*a&na*+n)" ="( =($+/n #+2(n&+a% #a#" %"$

)an$ # (&=&+/n =a(a &a(4a( %"$ &+%+n#("$ =#n $( #$&a(4a#"$ a %a $&&+/n #%

&+%%( *#+an) na &"n)(a=($+/n (4%a#a, $+n 2%&)a&+"n$ # =($+/n # %a $a%a #

&%#a$.

S+ %a =($+/n # %a $a%a # &%#a$ $ a!a, % &%"(" %+#" $ % =# a#+&+"na(

n+)(/4n" Ha+( n", #+#" a %"$ ((+*+n)"$ # =(>a, a$)a %%4a( a na =($+/n

# 11.5 a)* 0 #$&a(4a( % &%"(" a )(a9:$ # n )" +n&%+na#" a n 9a="(+>a#"( % &a%

=# a%+*n)a( a %"$ $a(+"$ #+(&)a*n).

D$=:$ # %a a#+&+/n, %a *>&%a # n+)(/4n" 0 &%"(" $ n9+a#a a% )an #

n)(a%+>a&+/n # &%"(" # a%)a =($+/n a$)a $)a #+$*+n0 a %a a)*/$2(a.

5 S+ ) # ) %+ +/ # %


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La =("#&&+/n # 8+="&%"(+)" # S"#+" 4(a#" &"*(&+a% )+n &"*" 2+na%+#a# %a ")n&+/n

# na $"%&+/n # NaC%O a% 1.3 < a =a()+( # 5' 4K#a H15 # &%"(" 4a$, % &a%

$(7 a$"(+#" n na $"%&+/n a% 1? < # NaO8. O=(a)+9a*n) % =("&$" $ #+9+#n )($ )a=a$6 N)(a%+>a&+/n HP("#&&+/n # 8+="&%"(+)" # S"#+", A%*a&na*+n)" n

)an$, 0 ="( B%)+*" #$=a&".

.?.- E9a="(+>a&+/n # &%"("6

La 2n&+/n # $)a 7(a $ %a # &"n9()+( &%"(" %+#" a &%"(" 4a$"$". E$)a &"n9($+/n

$ %%9a a &a" &"n #"$ $+$)*a$ # 9a="(+>a#"( =a(a &%"(" %+#" "=(a#"$

+n#=n#+n)*n).

Un 9a="(+>a#"( =("#& &%"(" 4a$ 0 % ")(" 9a="(+>a#"( =("="(&+"na na =($+/n

a%*"a#+%%a #% *+$*" =a(a 2"(>a( % &%"(" %+#", #$# %"$ )an$ #

a%*a&na*+n)" a$)a % 7(a # %a$ +n$)a%a&+"n$ # &a(4a # %"$ &"n)n#"($ #

&%"(".

[email protected] En9a$a#" # &+%+n#("$ # &%"("6

L ) # % + ) # % % +# )7 + ) % # 2 # % % +) #


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A*"$ (&+=+n)$ (&+n *an)n+*+n)" ="$)(+"( a $ $" +n&%0 9a&+a#",

%a9a#" 0 $&a#" a$ &"*" )a*+:n &a*+" # %a$ 97%9%a$ (4%a#"(a$.

.1.- A%*a&na*+n)" 0 )(an$2(n&+a # 7&+#" $%2B(+&"6

La 2n&+/n # $)a 7(a $ %a # =("9( 7&+#" $%2B(+&" a% @?< a %a$ )"(($ # $&a#"

# &%"(" 0 &"*=($"($ # 9a&a&+/n # &%"(", a#*7$ # =("="(&+"na( $=a&+" #

a%*a&na*+n)" =a(a % 7&+#" 9+&+a#" H#:+% a% ;;< # %a$ )"(($ # $&a#" # &%"(".

L"$ #$=a&"$ # 7&+#" $%2B(+&" $"n &"$ ="( &a*+"n$ (*"%$ # )"n%a#a$

# &a=a&+#a# # 7&+#" $%2B(+&" 0 $"n &a(4a#"$ n a=("+*a#a*n) 1 a 1,3 "(a$.

E% 7(a # a%*a&na*+n)" 0 )(an$2(n&+a #% 7&+#" $%2B(+&" &"n$)a # #"$ )an$

"(+>"n)a%$ 0 &+%n#(+&"$ =a(a 7&+#"6 Tan # a%*a&na*+n)" # 8 'SO 9+&+a#".

Ca#a )an # a%*a&na*+n)" 9+n &"n #"$ "*a$ # )(an$2(n&+a # &+(&%a&+/n,

*+n)(a$ % )an # a%*a&na*+n)" # 8'SOa% @?a " % a4a # =("&$", 2%0 a )(a9:$

# %a *=a&a#(a )+=" (a$&+n4, #n)(" #% #=(a#"(, =a(a #a( na 4(an 7(a #

2+ + ! # % ) ) % + # )


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.'.- A%*a&na*+n)" 0 T(a$2(n&+a # S"#a.

La $"#a a% 3 < $ n2(a a n"$ 3C 0 $ n9a a n 7(a # a%*a&na*+n)"

&"n$)a # &a)(" H )an$. Ca#a )an )+n #"$ H' $a%+#a$ 0 $)a$ a $ 9>&n)an &"n #"$ =a($ # "*a$ %a$ &a%$ )(an$2+(n %a $"#a &7$)+&a a &+$)(na$ "

a% *%% =a(a $ *a( &a #&+( % $+$)*a $)7 #+$a#" =a(a %%9a( a &a"

a*a$ )a(a$ $+*%)7na*n) $+ a$ $ (+(.

3.- PROCESAMIENTO DE 8IDRGENO6

E% 4a$ # +#(/4n" # &a#a $a%a # &%#a$, $ n2(a 0 &"*=(+* n #"$ )(n$ #

+="$ $=a(a#"$. D$=:$ # %a &"*=($+/n, $ nn %"$ 2%!"$ 0 $ n9an a %"$

$a(+"$ %" (+(a % &$" # +#(/4n" $ 9n)a#" a %a a)*/$2(a.

D$=:$ #% &"%&)"( # +#(/4n" % 4a$ n)(a ="( % 2"n#" # %a )"(( # %a9a#", n

#"n# $ n2(a ="( &"n)a&)" #+(&)", &"n a4a &a #$&n#n)*n) n 2"(*a #

n%+na. E% +#(/4n" 2(" $a% #% )"= #% %a9a#"(. E% a4a )+%+>a#a =a(a %

n2(+a*+n)", &+(&%a n n $+$)*a &((a#". La$ "*a$ # %a )"(( #% %a9a#" #+#(/4n", n9an % a4a # %a )"(( # n2(+a*+n)" $ )+%+>a =a(a a!a(% %a

) )


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E% &%"(" $ *a#" &"n +#(/4n" =a(a =("#&+( 7&+#" &%"(#(+&" H8C%. E% 4a$ # &"%a

# &%"(", =("#&)" # %a %+&a&+/n, $ &"*+na &"n a%4" # &%"(" 4a$ # a%)a =(>a,

=("9+n # %"$ &"*=($"($, a 2+n # *an)n( %a =($+/n # a%+*n)a&+/n #% &%"(". E%)")a% #% 2%!" # &%"(" # a*a$ &"((+n)$ $ *+# 0 $a =a(a &a%&%a( % 2%!" #

+#(/4n" &"*=(+*+#" 0 *an)n( $+*=( n &$" # :$) n % *a#"( # 8C%.

E% *a#"( # 8C% $ a%+*n)a # %"$ 4a$$ # +#(/4n" 0 &%"(" a na =($+/n &(&a

# 3 **84 ="( n&+*a # %a =($+/n a)*"$2:(+&a 0 a )*=(a)(a # ' C 0 3 C

=a(a % +#(/4n" 0 % &%"(" ($=&)+9a*n).

La )*=(a)(a #% &%"(" 9a(a # a&(#" a %a (%a&+/n n)( % 4a$ # &"%a 0 % &%"(" #

a%)a =(>a. N" a0 a%*a&na*+n)" +n)(*#+" 0 n&$+#a# # &"*=($+/n #a#"

% 2%!" # %"$ 4a$$ $"n &"n)("%a#"$ a)"*7)+&a*n) #$# %a 2n) # $*+n+$)(". E%

&$" # +#(/4n" $ *an)+n 4n(a%*n) n)( < 0 1 < # $ 9"%*n 0 n

a$ a %a (%a&+/n +#(/4n"K&%"(".

La &"n&n)(a&+/n #% =("#&)" $ 2+!a a% '


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;.- MANEJO DE EFLUENTES6

L"$ 2%n)$ 4n(a#"$ n %a P%an)a C%"(" S"#a, P(+n&+=a%*n) +n"(47n+&"$, $)7n

&"n$)+)+#"$ ="( &"((+n)$ 7&+#a$ 0 &"((+n)$ a%&a%+na$ %"$ &a%$ $"n n9+a#"$ a %a

2"$a # "*"4n+>a&+/n. L4" # "*"4n+>a( % 9"%*n, )"#"$ $)"$ 2%n)$

$"n )(a$2(+#"$ a %a 2"$a # n)(a%+>a&+/n, #"n# $ a&"n#+&+"na 7&+#" $%2B(+&" " $"#a

&7$)+&a =a(a a!$)a( % =8 #n)(" # n (an4" n)( 5 0 @. Una 9> a!$)a#" % =8, $"n

n9+a#"$ a %a P%an)a Cn)(a% # E2%n)$ #% C"*=%!" E% Ta%a>".

?.- UNIDAD ESCAMADORA6

E$)a n+#a# 2 #$+n&"(="(a#a n $ )")a%+#a# # %a$ "=(a&+"n$ # %a P%an)a C%"("

S"#a n % a" '.


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DIAGRAMA DE PROCESO CLORO SODA


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descripción de proceso cloro soda

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