Ìndice - intelimundo · caso de las letras del abecedario. el signo es la representación gráfica...
TRANSCRIPT
Ìndice
Resumen general del Español……………………………………………………………………………………...2
The vowels and consonants………………………………………………………………………………………...5
Spellingbee……………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
Noun…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...8
The days of the week………………………………………………………………………………………………..9
Months of the year………………………………………………………………………………………………….12
The date……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..13
Year’s seasons……………………………………………………………………………………………………...14
The weather…………………………………………………………………………………………………………15
What time is it? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..17
The numbers………………………………………………………………………………………………………..19
Countries and nationalities………………………………………………………………………………………..20
Family………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..22
First day in the school……………………………………………………………………………………………...24
The introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………25
The identity card……………………………………………………………………………………………………27
Pronombres personales……………………………………………………………………………………………29
Demonstrative adjectives………………………………………………………………………………………….35
The verb……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..37
Question words……………………………………………………………………………………………………..43
Prepositions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………47
There is/ there are………………………………………………………………………………………………….53
Definite and indefinite articles……………………………………………………………………………………..57
Simple present (to be) …………………………………………………………………………………………….63
Asking directions……………………………………………………………………………………………………77
Was / were 81
Simple present (I do) ………………………………………………………………………………………………85
The adverbs…………………………………………………………………………………………………………94
My routine……………………………………………………………………………………………………………99
Description…………………………………………………………………………………………………………102
My likes…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….104
Make an answer an invitation……………………………………………………………………………………106
Can………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….108
Could……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….114
Past simple………………………………………………………………………………………………………...117
Present continuous………………………………………………………………………………………………..123
Past continuous……………………………………………………………………………………………………134
Going to…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….138
Will………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….139
Comparatives……………………………………………………………………………………………………...144
Superlatives………………………………………………………………………………………………………..147
Present perfect…………………………………………………………………………………………………….153
Suffixes and prefixes……………………………………………………………………………………………...155
Countable / uncountable………………………………………………………………………………………….158
How many and how much………………………………………………………………………………………..162
Modal verbs………………………………………………………………………………………………………..164
Captar esencia de anuncios y mensajes………………………………………………………………………169
Dar un consejo……………………………………………………………………………………………………171
Conectors…………………………………………………………………………………………………………174
Shopping…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...177
At a restaurant……………………………………………………………………………………………………..181
Talking on the phone……………………………………………………………………………………………..189
Reading…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….191
Structures…………………………………………………………………………………………………………194
Resumen general de español
¿Qué es el lenguaje?
Es la facultad de expresarse, comunicarse y lo podemos expresar de forma
oral o hablado, escrito o mímico.
Animal
Ruido-olfato-visto
Humano
Mímico-oral-escrito
Formal
Matemáticas-
informática
Lengua o idioma
Es el conjunto de signos lingüísticos organizados como un sistema gramatical y
utilizado por un grupo de personas o un extenso conjunto de nacional con rasgos
culturales afines.
El símbolo
Es la representación perceptible de una idea, tal es el
caso de las letras del abecedario.
El signo
Es la representación gráfica de algo que nos acerca a un
significado.
La letra
Grafía + fonema = Letra
(Signo) + (Sonido) = Letra
El abecedario
Es el conjunto ordenado de letras, que pueden ser
mayúsculas o minúsculas
The vowels and consonants
Consonants and vowels correspond to distinct parts of a syllable. (Las
consonantes y vocales corresponden a distintas partes de las silabas)
The vowels are:
a e i o u
(ei) (i) (ai) (ou) (iu)
The consonants are:
b c d f g h j
(bi) (ci) (di) (ef) (yi) (eich) (yei)
k l m n p q r
(kei) (el) (em) (en) (pi) (kiu) (ar)
s t v w x y z
(es) (ti) (bi) (dabliu) (ex) (guay) (zi)
Spellingbee
El spelling bee no es más que una competencia que
consiste en deletrear palabras del idioma inglés.
Work in with a partner and complete together the next conversation about spelling.
Spelling activity
1. Hello
2. Hi
3. My name is Raquel. What´s your name?
4. My name is Julian.
5. Excuse me. Can you spelling your name?
6. yes of curse.
7. J-U-L-I-A-N
8. and what's your surname?, Can you spelling that please?
9. oh yes. My surname is L-O-P-E-Z
10. thak's
11. your welcome.
Hello
My name is .What´s your name?
My name is .
excuse me. Can you spelling your name?
yes of curse.
and what's your surname?, Can you spelling that please?
oh yes. My surname is
thak's
your welcome.
Examples:
Noun (sustantivo)
O nombre, es una categoría léxica que tiene como
referente una entidad o elementos de un conjunto de
entidades, ya sean abstractas o concretas.
Cat (gato)
Bee (abeja)
Apple (manzana)
Car (carro)
The days of the week (Días de la semana)
Lunes Martes Miércoles Jueves Viernes Sabado Domingo
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
1.- Write the days in the right order:
Wednesday– Saturday – Monday – Friday - Tuesday - Sunday – Thursday
1. Monday 2. _______________ 3. ______________ 4. _____________
5. ________________ 6. _________________ 7. __________________
2. Unscramble and write the number and name. (descifra y escribe el numero y el nombre del día) Example: U S Y T E A D: Tuesday
A F R Y I D: _____________________
U A N Y D S: _____________________
A Y W D E D E N S: _____________________
N A D Y O M: _____________________
T S A R U Y A D: _____________________
R H U D A T S Y: _____________________
2. Which days are weekend days? ¿Qué días son los fines de semana? (Tick the right answer)
Tuesday Friday Monday Sunday Wednesday Saturday Thursday
3. Which days are school days? ¿Qué días son de escuela?(Tick the right answer)
Thursday Saturday Wednesday Sunday Monday Friday Tuesday
Look at the chart and answer the questions.
Find the text in the word search
Vocabulario: Lista y busca en el diccionario el significado de las palabras que no comprendas.
Escribe los meses del año en español
You
can!!!
The date
What day is today?
Today
It
Tuesday
Friday
Is
What's the date?
Today
It
Is
March 12th
June 19th
Tuesday, October 15th
Friday, August 28th
Asegurándose:
John: is it wednesday?
Peter: No. It is Friday
Mary: Wrong! It is Monday
Year's seasons
Look at the picture and write the season of the year in English and Spanish:
__________________ ___________________ __________________ __________________
The weather
Exist different forms to ask about the weather:
What’s the weather like?
What is the weather today?
How’s the weather there?
Note: is not correct use dry, wet, etc. to express about the weather.
Activity:
What time is it?
Match the columns:
Rewrite the next numbers and memorize them
one ______________
two ______________
three ______________
four ______________
five ______________
six ______________
seven ______________
eight ______________
nine ______________
ten ______________
eleven ______________
twelve ______________
thirteen ______________
fourteen ______________
fifteen ______________
sixteen ______________
seventeen ______________
eighteen ______________
nineteen ______________
20.twenty ______________
21.twenty one ______________
22.twenty two ______________
23.twenty three ______________
24.twenty four ______________
25.twenty five ______________
26.twenty six ______________
27.twenty seven ______________
28.twenty eight ______________
29.twenty nine ______________
30.thyirty ______________
31.thyirty one ______________
32.thyirty two ______________
33.thyirty three ______________
34.thyirty four ______________
35.thyirty five ______________
36.thyirty six ______________
37.thyirty seven ______________
38.thyirty eight ______________
39.thyirty nine ______________
40. forty ______________
41.forty one ______________
42.forty two ______________
43.forty three ______________
44.forty four ______________
45.forty five ______________
46.forty six ______________
47.forty seven ______________
48.forty eight ______________
49.forty nine ______________
50.fifty
100 one hundred 1000 one thousand
2
Match the countries to the correct pictures and complete the crossword with the names of nationalities.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
5
7
2
1
1
1
2
3
Australia
Brazil
Canada
Cuba
Czech
Republic
Egypt
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Mexico
Poland
Russia
Spain
the
Netherlands
the UK
the USA
Vietnam
4
6
8
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
Country Language Nationality
France French French
Greece Greek Greek
Britain English British
Denmark Danish Danish
Finland Finnish Finnish
Poland Polish Polish
Spain Spanish Spanish
Sweden Swedish Swedish
Turkey Turkish Turkish
Germany German German
Mexico Spanish Mexican
The United States English American
Australia English Australian
Brazil Portuguese Brazilian
Egypt Arabic Egyptian
Italy Italian Italian
Hungary Hungarian Hungarian
Korea Korean Korean
Russia Russian Russian
China Chinese Chinese
Japan Japanese Japanese
Portugal Portuguese Portuguese
The family
Write the relationship. Example Bill is Henry’s son.
Escribe la relación. Ejemplo Bill es el hijo de Henry
David is Mary’s ________________
George is Tom’s _______________
Tom is Laura’s ________________
Sue is Rachel’s ________________
Hannah’s ____________
Henry is Tom’s _________________
Henry is Laura’s ______________________
George is Henry’s ______________
Bill is Michael’s _________________
Sue and David are Mary’s ______________
Laura is David’s _______________
Laura is Tom’s _________________
Michael is Sue’s _____________________
Sue is George’s _______________
Complete the next word search puzzle (complete la siguiente sopa de letras)
First day in the school.
The greetings:
Buenos días 1. Good morning
Buenas tardes 2. Good afternoon
Buenas noches 3. Good evening (2)
Buenas noches (al despedirse) 4. Good night (2)
¡Adiós! ¡Chau! 1. Good-bye
¡Hasta luego! ¡Nos vemos! 2. So long! See you later!
¡Hasta pronto! 3. See you soon!
¡Hasta mañana! 4. See you tomorrow!
¡Hasta el mediodía!
¡Hasta la noche!
5. See you at noon!
See you in the evening (at night)!
¡Hasta la próxima! 6. Till next time!
¡Qué pases un lindo día! 7. Have a nice day
Activity.
Put the correct number in the correct
picture.
The introduction.
Hi –Hola.
Hi, good morning- Hola, Buenos días
How are you?- ¿Cómo estás?.
I am fine. And you? - Estoy bien y tú.
Fine, thank's. Bien, gracias
What is your name?- ¿Cómo te llamas?
My name is Jenny- Mi nombre es Jenny.
How old are you?- ¿Cuántos años tienes?.
I am twenty-six years old- Yo tengo veintiséis años.
Where are you from? ¿De dónde eres? where do you live?
I'm from Mexico. Soy de México
Activity: Select a partner and practice the dialogue.
Good
work!!
The identity card
The instructions Write the instruction below the correct picture.
Pronombres personales
Pronombre es la parte de la oración que sustituye al nombre para evitar su repetición. Ejemplos: Los alumnos están en su clase de inglés, ellos se muestran muy interesados en el tema.
Pronombre Pronoun Pronunciation
Yo I Ai
Tu You Iu
El He Ji
Ella She Chi
Esos/esa (objeto o animal)
It Et
Nosotros We Wi
Ustedes You Iu
Ellos / Ellas They dey
Activity: Match the picture with the correct pronoun.
English Spanish
I
He
She
It
You
We
They
You
Personal pronouns exercise
1. Rewrite the sentences replacing the underlined words by a personal pronoun: we, you, they, he, she. Don't use contractions (aren't, isn't, he's, she's, etc) in your answers. a. Mary and I are students. b. Melissa isn't an engineer.
__________________________ __________________________
c. Bob is my classmate. c. My teachers are from the USA.
__________________________ __________________________
d. Are Melissa and Pamela from England? e. Tommy, Bob and I are neighbors.
__________________________ __________________________
f. Is Paul a dentist? g. You and Fred aren't from Italy.
__________________________ __________________________
h. Louise is not my mother's friend. h. Are you and I good friends?
__________________________ __________________________
2. Choose the right personal pronoun for the sentences below: a. My name is Robert Fleck. _______ am a firefighter.
b. Lucie isn't from Russia. _______ is from Brazil.
c. Alice and I are very thin! _______ are top models.
d. Elizabeth, Emily and John aren't thin. _______ are kind of heavy.
e. Homer Simpson is Marge's husband. _______ and his family are from Springfield.
f. My doctor is from Germany. _______ is a very good doctor.
g. His friends are so strong. _______ are athletes.
h. Her name is Michelle. _______ is from Lyon, France.
i. Are Leslie and Fred football players? _______ are so tall!
j. Her classmates aren't from Japan. _______ are from China.
More pronouns
Pronoun Adjective pronoun Translation
I My Mi
You Your Tu
He His De el
She Her De Ella
It Its De esto(a)
We Our Nuestro
You your De ustedes
They their De ellos
Pronoun Possessive pronoun Translation
I Mine Mio
You Yours Tuyo
He His De el
She Hers De ella
It Its De esto (a)
We Ours Nuestro
You yours De ustedes
They theirs De ellos/ ellas
Lee atentamente las oraciones y completa con el adjetivo posesivo o con el pronombre posesivo que
corresponda.
Possessive Adjectives: my - your - his - her - its - our - your - their
Possessive Pronouns: mine - yours - his - hers - its - ours - yours - theirs
1. My friend John has a new dog, old dog died last week.
2. Mary hates when somebody touches car.
3. The students must bring certificates tomorrow.
4. Harry Potter has learned how to use wand.
5. Be careful, your cat is annoying neighbours.
6. Don't use Martin's cup! It's !
7. Sharon has three sisters. youngest sister lives in Spain.
8. The house where they live is not . They are renting it.
9. Can I use your chair? My chair is smaller than .
10. Susan will visit friends when she goes to England.
Pronoun Pronoun as object Translation
I Me A mi
You You A ti
He Him A el
She Her A ella
It It A esto (a)
We Us A nosotros
You You A ustedes
They Them A ellos
Here are the Demonstrative Adjectives:
El verbo
Verbo es la parte de la oración que expresa lo que hacen o pueden hacer las personas, animales o cosas y los estados de los seres. Ejemplos: La lluvia cae. El campesino lleva un paraguas; El niño juega; El avión vuela; El cielo es azul; La niña está alegre.
Complete using the question words.
Preposiciones
La preposición es una palabra que relaciona los elementos de una oración. Las preposiciones pueden indicar origen, procedencia, destino, dirección, lugar, medio, punto de partida, motivo, etc.
on sobre
in dentro de
above
over
encima de
under debajo de
in front of delante de
behind detrás de
beside
near
next to
al lado de
cerca de
junto a
Between Entre
among Entre
There is/There are
"There is" y "There are" quieren decir "Hay" del verbo “haber” en español. "There is"
es singular y "There are" es plural.
There is a book. (Hay un libro.)*
There are books. (Hay libros.)
*Se puede hacer una contracción de "There is" a "There's". No se puede hacer una
contracción de "There are."
El negativo es "There is not" y "There are not" y sus contracciones.
There is not a book. - There isn't a book.
There are not books. - There aren't books.
Para formar una pregunta nada más cambiamos el orden de las palabras
Is there a book?
Yes, there is.
No, there isn't.
Are there books?
Yes, there are.
No, there aren't.
6
Definite and indefinite articles.
we use with consonants
we use with vowels
we use with vowels and consonants
a
an
The
Ejercicios: Artículos Indeterminados: A o AN? Elige el artículo correcto: 1. I am going to ________ concert tomorrow. 2. My boyfriend is ________ actor. 3. Her cousin has ________ very good job. 4. That was ________ interesting game. 5. She is ________ honest person. 6. We had ________ really good time yesterday. 7. Bring ________ umbrella. It is going to rain. 8. Tomorrow will be ________ hot day. 9. Mary is ________ good friend. 10. I want to eat ________ apple.
Tema: Artículos Indeterminados: A o AN? 1. I spoke to her for ________ long time yesterday. 2. She was wearing ________ old dress. 3. Sarah is ________ excellent teacher! 4. That's ________ very funny joke. 5. She is ________ really good cook. 6. We have ________ exam tomorrow. 7. I have ________ appointment at 3:00 PM.
8. She wants ________ puppy for her birthday. 9. I waited for ________ hour.
10. The doctor had ________ friendly smile.Tema: Artículos: Indeterminado (A) o
Determinado (THE)?
1. Did you see ________ man that I told you about? 2. Did you get ________ birthday card that I sent you? 3. He is ________ very good friend. 4. We ate ________ wonderful meal yesterday. 5. ________ meal that we ate yesterday was wonderful. 6. I have ________ test tomorrow morning. 7. Which shirt do you like? ________ blue one? 8. I have three shirts - a yellow one, an orange one, and ________ black one. 9. You must always tell ________ truth! 10. I cannot understand how ________ person like him can become president.
Tema: Artículos: Indeterminado (A) o Determinado (THE)? 1. John is ________ best teacher in our school. 2. She has ________ very nice cat. 3. My wife is ________ only person I love. 4. My cousin is ________ police officer. 5. Betty is ________ prettiest girl in our class. 6. There is ________ party at Bill's house tonight. 7. What time are we going to ________ party? 8. Yesterday I saw ________ really good movie. 9. Hurry up! ________ movie starts in 15 minutes! 10. I need to buy ________ new car.
Tema: Artículos: Indeterminado (A) o Determinado (THE)?
1. He's ________ best friend that I have. 2. Let's go to ________ mountains! 3. She has ________ really funny dog. 4. My uncle works as ________ photographer. 5. That is ________ good idea! 6. When I'm older, I want to become ________ doctor. 7. Do you live in ________ USA? 8. I still have ________ little money. 9. I live in ________ house, not an apartment. 10. I waited for ________ hour.
Complete with an/a/the.
Simple present (To be) am/is/are
Usamos el presente simple del verbo To Be para realizar oraciones que indicar el aquí
y el ahora, es decir, ser o estar.
Es importante que recuerdes que toda oración puede mencionar al sujeto o en
algunas ocasiones esté puede ser sustituido por el pronombre personal que le
corresponda y la oración la puedes escribir en presente, pasado o futuro.
Ejemplo de oraciones en forma afirmativa (AFFIRMATIVE FORM):
Inglés Español
She is student. Ella es estudiante.
Subject Verb Complement Sujeto Verbo Predicado
To be
Ejemplo de oraciones en forma negativa (NEGATIVE FORM):
Inglés Español
She is not student. Ella no es estudiante.
Subject Verb Complement Sujeto Verbo Predicado
To be Negation Negación
Ejemplo de oraciones en forma interrogativa (QUESTION FORM):
Inglés Español
Is she student ? ¿Ella es estudiante?
Subject Verb Complement Sujeto Verbo Predicado
To be Question mark
Simple present (To be) am/is/are
Con el presente simple del verbo To Be podemos hacer oraciones y contestarlas de
forma afirmativa y negativa. Observa el ejemplo:
Ejemplo de oraciones en forma interrogativa (QUESTION FORM):
Inglés Español
Is she student ? ¿Ella es estudiante?
Verb Subject Complement Sujeto Verbo Predicado
To be Question mark
En caso de contestar de forma afirmativa:
Ejemplo de la respuesta en forma afirmativa (AFFIRMATIVE FORM):
Inglés Español
She + is + student. Ella + es + estudiante.
Subject Verb Complement Sujeto Verbo Predicado
To be
En caso de contestar de forma negativa:
Ejemplo de oraciones en forma negativa
(NEGATIVE FORM):
Inglés Español
She + is + not + student. Ella + no + es + estudiante.
Subject Verb Complement Sujeto Verbo Predicado
To be Negation Negación
yes, Si,
No, No,
Simple present (To be) am/is/are
Observa los siguientes ejemplos, cambia en la respuesta los pronombres personales
según correspondan.
Are Maria, Pedro and Luis in the park? Yes, are in the park. No, are not in the park. Is Andres at the school? Yes, is at the school. No, is not at the school. Is Luisa in the museum? Yes, is in the museum No, is not in the museum Are my father and mother are in the hospital? Yes, are in the hospital No, are not in the hospital Is Juan in the kitchen? Yes, is in the kitchen No, is not in the kitchen
Actividad: Realiza los siguientes ejercicios de presente simple del verbo “To be” en tu libreta.
Escribir oraciones negativas
1. I am at the university
2. You are the best football player
3. He is my lawyer
4. My sister is an English teacher
5. The dog is very small
6. This car is new
7. Peter, Tom and Charles are good dancers
8. You are in the cinema
9. They are very good friends
Escribir oraciones interrogativas
1. This is a book
2. This is a pencil
3. This is a pen
4. This is a notebook
5. This is a chair
6. This is a window
7. This is a door
8. This is a room
9. This is a table
10. This is a telephone
Llenar los espacios en las siguientes oraciones
1. I……….a teacher
2. John……….a teacher
3. William……….a student
4.This……….a book
5. This……….not a pencil
6. John and Mary……….students
7. Two and three……….five
8. We……….students
9. John……….a man
10. Mary……….a woman
11. Three and two……….five
12. I……….busy
13. John……….busy
14. Mary……….busy
15. Mr. and Mrs. Perez………..busy
Elegir el verbo correcto
1. I (am,is) a teacher
2. They(are,is) busy
3. This (is,are) a book
4. John and Mary (is,are) good students
5. William (is,are) a student
6. Five and three (am,are)eight
7. We (is,are) students
8. Mary (is,are) a woman
9. John (is,are) not a teacher
10. (Are, is) this a book?
11. They (am,are) not busy
12. I (is, am) busy
The verb to be in affirmative form (am/is/are)
Chose the correct form of the verb to be - am/is/are.
1. It ______ cold today.
2. I ______ at home now.
3. They ______ Korean.
4. There ______ a pen on the desk.
5. My name ______ Nikita.
6. We ______ from Ukraine.
7. That ______ right.
8. I ______ OK, thanks.
9. Clara and Steve ______ married.
10. She ______ an English teacher.
Negative form of the verb to be (am/is/are)
1. This book _________ mine.
2. Jane and Peter _________ married.
3. That _________ right.
4. My brother _________ here at the moment.
5. We _________ in England.
6. It _________ Monday today.
7. Jennie's surname _________ Peters.
8. I _________ a hairdresser.
9. My name _________ Alexander.
10. There _________ many people in this class
The verb To be yes/no question form
1. ______ Jane and Alice sisters?
2. ______ this car yours?
3. ______ I in your way?
4. ______ María John's sister?
5. ______ you twenty-five years old?
6. ______ the Smiths divorced?
7. ______ this your new bicycle?
Exercise; write the next sentences in affirmative, negative and question form
and answer them (yes and no).
1. My name ______ James.
2. Mary ______ the secretary.
3. John and Lucy ______ at school.
4. I ______ a student.
5. The boys ______ in the garden.
6. He ______ a lawyer.
7. Susie ______ a housewife.
8. She ______ a student.
9. They ______ my friends.
10. You ______ a student.
Complete the next conversation:
Asking directions
Across
Right Derecha Block Cuadra
Left Izquierda Down Abajo.
Turn right Vuelta a la derecha. Follow Seguir
Turn left Vuelta a la izquierda Towards Hacia
After that Despues de eso Through Atraves de
Then Despues Street Calle
Finally Finalmente Straight Derecho.
Along A lo largo, através de. Traffic lights Semáforo.
Places
You’re here
In teams read the conversations
Conversation A
S1. Where's the post office?
S2. It's three blocks that way.
S1. What did you say?
S2. Three blocks up that street.
Conversation B
S1. Where's airport?
S2. It’s north of the city.
S1. What's the best way to get there?
S4. Take Highway 15 to the north.
Conversation C
S1. What street is the local library on?
S2. I don't know.
S3. How can I find out?
S2. Why don't you ask a policeman?
Activity: Complete the conversation (look at the map in the page 74)
Excuse me, Can you me?
Oh yes what you need?
I have a dude, is the library?
It’s not away, you have to a block to the , then turn
right and walk blocks to the west. It’s in of the school
you have to cross the Roth Street.
Thank you so much!!
You’re welcome
Was - Were - Past Tense of the verb "To Be"
The verb 'to be' is used in many questions such as "Are you married?", "Where are you from?", "Are you happy?", etc. Once you understand the verb 'to be' in the present tense, learn the verb 'to be' in the past tense. Use this guide to 'was / were' and compare this form to 'am / is / are' of the present simple to compare the present to the past.
Read the following questions. Compare the simple present with the simple past in the first example and then complete the questions using the correct form of the verb 'to be' in the past.
Present Past
Example: Where is Jack today?
Where was Jack yesterday?
What day is it today? What day _________ it yesterday?
Where are they today? Where ________ they last week?
I am at home this afternoon. I_______ at home yesterday afternoon.
We aren't in school now. We _________ in school yesterday.
What is that in your hand? What _________ that in your bag this morning?
When is usually she at home? When _________ she at home yesterday?
He isn't a teacher. He _________ a teacher.
Now complete the following chart for the simple past of the verb "to be"
Present Past
Positive: I am, I'm
Negative: I am not, I'm not
Positive: I __________
Negative: I __________
Positive: You are, you're
Negative: you are not, aren't
Positive: You ________
Negative: you _________
Positive: He, She, It is, He's, She's, It's
Negative: He, She, It is not, isn't
Positive: He, She, It ____________
Negative: He, She, It ___________
Positive: We are
Negative: We are not, we aren't
Positive: We _________
Negative: We __________
Positive: You are, you're
Negative: you are not, you aren't
Positive: You _________
Negative: you __________
Positive: They are
Negative: They are not, you aren't
Positive: They _________
Negative: They __________
Notice that the short forms of the verb "to be" include: I'm, I'm not, You're, You aren't, He's She's it's, He, she it isn't, we're, we aren't, etc.
The short form is formed by putting an apostrophe - ' - in the place of the missing letter.
Write some sentences using the verb "to be" in the past. Example: I was at a party yesterday.
To be (was / were) simple past
1. She is thirty now, so last year she ___ twenty-nine. a. was b. were
2. ___ it a good film? a. Was b. Were
3. I got married when I ___ twenty-seven. a. was b. were
4. It was a great day, but we ___ so tired. a. was b. were
5. I didn't buy those jeans because they ___ too expensive. a. was b. were
6. When I ___ a child we lived in Rome. a. was b. were
7. Where ___ you yesterday afternoon? a. was b. were
Use the correct time; present or past of the verb to be (am/is/are or was/were)
When I ______ finished with school, I want to be a firefighter.
I _____ a student now.
Sam _____ an accountant now.
Sara ______ interested in computers now.
Sara _____ also a student in my class at this time.
My father _______ proud that I want to become a firefighter like him.
Sam and Sara ______ married now.
I ______ not married yet.
Last year, I ______ a student also.
They got married when they _______ in Chicago.
Sam and Sara _______ my friends when I lived in California.
Sara ______ a computer technician now.
My mother and father _______ very proud of me at this time.
When I met Sam last year, he _______ a student.
Firefighters _______ hard workers.
I met Sara when we ______ partners for a conversation class last year.
Sam and Sara ______ married last month.
Before my father retired, he ______ a firefighter too.
She ______ a website designer in the past, but now´s she´s a repair technician.
Sam ______ not a manager yet, but he hopes to be someday.
Simple presente (I do)
Usamos el presente simple para hablar acerca de cosas en general. No solo estamos
pensando acerca del presente. Lo usamos para decir algo que está pasando de
manera continua o rutinaria o cuando algo es verdad de facto.
La tierra gira alrededor del sol.
The earth goes around the sun.
Las enfermeras cuidan a los pacientes en el hospital.
Nurses take care of patients in hospitals.
En Canadá, las tiendas cierran a las 6:00 p.m.
In Canada, most stores close at 6:00 p.m..
Reglas para el uso de DO o DOES
Question form
DO I,WE, YOU, THEY
DOES HE, SHE, IT
Affirmative form
I,WE, YOU, THEY WORK IN THE FACTORY.
HE, SHE, IT WORKS IN THE FACTORY.
Negative form
I,WE, YOU, THEY DO NOT WORK IN THE FACTORY.
HE, SHE, IT DOES NOT WORK IN THE FACTORY.
WORK IN THE FACTORY ?
Spelling Rules for Adding "s"
Vowel = a sound we make when the breath flows out through the mouth freely, without being blocked. The English letters a, e, i, o, u are called vowels, because they represent such sounds.
Consonant = a sound we make that is not a vowel. The breath is somehow blocked on its way out of the mouth. For example, the sound b is made when breath flow is stopped with the lips. All the other English letters which are not vowels are called consonants. These are: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r,s, t, v, w, x, y, z.
Some verbs change their spelling when the letter "s" is added to them.
Verbs Ending with "s", "ch", "sh", "x" or "z"
When a verb ends with s, ch, sh, x or z, we add the letter e, and then we add the letter
s.
In the following examples the part before the letter s is in purple, and the letters es are
in red.
Miss => miss + es => Misses
Kiss => kiss + es => Kisses
Watch => watch + es => Watches
Teach => teach + es => Teaches
Wash => wash + es => Washes
Push => push + es => Pushes
Mix => mix + es => Mixes
Fix => fix + es => Fixes
Buzz => buzz + es => Buzzes
Verbs Ending with "o"
When a verb ends with o, we add the letter e, and then we add the letter s.
In the following examples the letter o is in purple, and the letters es are inred.
go => go + es => Goes
do => do + es => Does
Verbs Ending with "y"
When a verb ends with y, and there is a consonant before it, the y changes intoie. Then the letter s is added.
In the following examples the consonant is in blue, the part before the letter sis in green, and the letter s is in red.
Fly => flie + s => Flies
Try => trie + s => Tries
Cry => crie + s => Cries
Study => studie + s => Studies
When a verb ends with y, and there is a vowel before it, we simply add the letter s to
the verb.
In the following examples the vowel is in orange, the part before the letter sis in
green, and the letter s is in red.
Buy => buy + s => Buys
Say => say + s => Says
Pay => pay + s => Pays
Play => play + s => Plays
Enjoy => enjoy + s => Enjoys
Complete the following sentences by using the right form of to do (do, don't,
does, doesn't).
Example: Peter works in a shop, but he ______ work in an office.
Answer: Peter works in a shop, but he doesn't work in an office.
1) My mother likes chocolate, but she __________ like biscuits.
2) What __________ the children wear at your school?
3) Lynn's father watches badminton on TV, but he __________ watch judo.
4) Where __________ the Masons buy their fruit?
5) __________ the cat like to sleep on the sofa?
6) Dogs love bones, but they __________ love cheese.
7) Where __________ Sam and Ben hide their CDs?
8) We eat pizza, but we __________ eat hamburgers.
9) __________ Mrs Miller read magazines?
10) __________ the boys play cricket outside?
Don’t or Doesn’t ???
He don't /doesn't live in Mexico.
She don't /doesn't work in a bank.
I don't /doesn't play golf once a week.
Ron don't /doesn't listen to the radio.
We don't /doesn't speak French.
You don't /doesn't drink coffee in the morning.
My cat don't /doesn't sleep at night.
His car don't /doesn' work.
Shelly don't /doesn't eat meat.
10.I don't /doesn't understand you.
In your notebook write down sentences as the example:
Does he live in México?
Yes, he lives in México
No, he does not live in México.
Do or Does ???
______________________ your friend like spaghetti?
Yes, ___________________________________________.
No, ___________________________________________.
______________________ the children go to school on Fridays?
Yes, ___________________________________________.
No, ___________________________________________.
______________________ your sister watch TV in the morning?
Yes, ___________________________________________.
No, ___________________________________________.
______________________ he read sometimes comics ?
Yes, ___________________________________________.
No, ___________________________________________.
______________________ the girls like football?
Yes, ___________________________________________.
No, ___________________________________________.
______________________ they go to sleep at 9 o’clock?
Yes, ___________________________________________.
No, ___________________________________________
______________________ she play on computer ?
Yes, ___________________________________________.
No, ___________________________________________.
______________________ the dog like to eat meat ?
Yes, ___________________________________________.
No, ___________________________________________.
______________________ you speak English or German?
Yes, ___________________________________________.
No, ___________________________________________.
______________________ he like cats?
Yes, ___________________________________________.
No, ___________________________________________.
Perfect
!!
Gramática Consejos:
El adverbio es la clase de palabra que ayuda describir como se realizan las actividades, en tiempo,
forma, etc, por ejemplo María corrió cuidadosamente en el parque.
“Carefully”=cuidadosamente “correctly”= correctamente “eagerly”=ansiosamente “easily”=fácilmente “patiently”=pacientemente “quickly”=rápidamente “quietly”=silenciosamente.
Considere los siguientes ejemplos.
*She decided to write her paper. (no adverbs)* Ella decidió escribir su papel. (sin adverbios)
*She quickly decided to write her paper. ( her decision was quick)* Ella rápidamente decidió escribir su papel (su decisión fue rápida)
*She decided to write her paper quickly. (her writing was quick)* Ella decidió escribir su papel rápidamente( su escritura fue rápida)
Adverbios en ingles de lugar describen donde sucede algo. La mayoría de los adverbios de lugar también son usados como preposiciones. Algunos de los más comúnmente usados son los siguientes.
“Abroad”= en el extranjero “anywhere”=cualquier sitio “downstairs”=abajo “here”=aqui “home”= en casa “in”=adentro “nowhere”=en ningún lado “out”=afuera “outside”=en el exterior “somewhere”= algún lado
The adverbs
Los adverbios en ingles de forma son aquellos que describen como algo sucede. Cuando hay dos o más verbos en una oración la colocación del adverbio afecta su significado. Algunos de los adverbios más comúnmente usados son los siguientes.
“there”= alli “underground”=bajo tierra “upstairs”.=arriba *I wanted to go upstairs.* Quiero ir a arriba..
She has lived in the city since June. (in the city ? prepositional phrase) Ella ha vivido en la ciudad desde junio ( in the city frase preposicionales)
Adverbios en ingles de propósito son aquellos que describen por que pasan las cosas. He aquí alguno de los más comunes ejemplos.
“So”=tanto como “so that”= tanto como eso “to”=para “in order to”= a fin de que “because”=por que “since”= desde “accidentally”=accidentalmente “intentionally”=intencionalmente “ purposely”=a propostio. *Jenny walks carefully to avoid falling.* Jenny camina cuidadosamente para evitar caerse.
*Bob accidentally broke the vase.* Bob accidentalmente rompió la vasija.
Adverbios en ingles de frecuencia son aquellos que describen con que frecuencia suceden las cosas. Los siguientes adverbios son comúnmente usados de esta forma.
“Always”=siempre “every”=cada “never”=nunca “often”= a menudo “rarely”= rara vez “seldom”=casi nunca. “sometimes”= a veces “usually”= usualmente *Mackenzie gets a ride from her brother every day.* Mackenzie le pide a su hermano que lo lleve todos los días.
*The fish usually swims near the top of its tank.* El pescado usualmente nada en la parte superior del tanque.
Adverbios en ingles de tiempo son aquello que describen cuando sucede algo. Aquí algunos de los ejemplos más comúnmente usados.
“After”= después “already”=ya “during”=durante “finally”=finalmente “just”=justo, o al cabo de. “last”=al fin “later”=mas tarde “next”=siguiente now=ahora “recently”=recientemente “soon”=pronto “then”=luego “tomorrow”=mañana “when”=cuando “while”=mientras “yesterday”=ayer He came home before dark. El volvió a casa después antes que anocheciera
It will be too dark to play outside soon. Estará muy oscuro afuera dentro de poco para salir a jugar.
Jessica finished her supper first Jessica termino su cena primero.
Andy left school early. Andy se fue de la escuela temprano.
Algunos adverbios en ingles se usan en demasía como por ejemplo:” very”, “extremely” y “really”. Usando “there is/are” o “it is” al comienzo de una oración no añade nada. Las oraciones con este tipo de frases adverbiales se vuelven aburridas, con mucha palabrería y menos claras. He aquí unos ejemplos.
* There are many bird species living in the sanctuary. Many bird species live in the sanctuary.* Existen muchas especies de pajaros viviendo en el santuario. Muchas especies de pájaros viven él en santuario.
* It is important to hold hands when crossing the street. Holding hands when crossing the street is important.* Es importante sostenerse de las manos a la hora de cruzar la calle. Sostenerse de las manos a la hora de cruzar la calle es importante.
Activity:
¿Qué tan frecuentemente haces estas cosas? (Answer the questions)
1. How often do you eat cereal for breakfast?
2. How often do you use a computer?
3. How often do you speak English?
4. How often do you exercise?
5. How often do you go to the movie theater?
6. How often do you watch TV?
7. How often do you read a book?
8. How often do you go to parties?
9. How often do you eat ice cream?
10. How often do you go to the park?
Activity:
Escribe las respuestas en una oración completa usando el adverbio en parentesis.
ejemplo
How often do you eat eggs for breakfast? (rarely)
A: I eat rareluy eggs fot breakfast
Principio del formulario
1. How often do you eat a sandwich for lunch? (sometimes)
2. How often do you exercise in the morning? (usually)
3. How often do you swim in the ocean? (rarely)
4. How often do you smoke? (never)
5. How often are you sick? (rarely)
6. How often are you tired after work? (always)
7. How often do you use the internet? (sometimes)
8. How often do you cook? (always)
9. How often do you watch TV? (usually)
10. How often are you angry? (rarely)
Example:
Hello,
Weekdays
Every day I wake up at seven o’ clock at the morning, I wash my face.
After that I prepare my breakfast and later I dress approximately at quarter past seven.
Afterwards I brush my teeth.
At half past seven I go out, Sometimes I go to work in bike, but almost always I go to work in the car
with my fellow worker.
My work starts at eight o' clock at the morning. In my work I work with the leather, because I am in a
leather factory.
At half past ten I have breakfast, during the week I only have bread with butter for breakfast because
I don’t have time for anything else. But on Saturday and Sunday I have orange juice, white coffee and
bread with parma jam for breakfast because I have more time.
At two o'clock I go to home in the car with my fellow worker or in my bike.
At quarter past two I have lunch with my wife and my daugther.
At quarter to three I go to work once again
At six o'clock I come to my house. Always I have a shower and after I dress.
At half past seven I go to the school
At quarter past nine I have dinner. I sometimes watch TV.
Finally, I often go to the bed at eleven o'clock approximately
-A menudo usamos los adverbios de frecuencia al hablar de las rutinas. Cuando nos preguntan
How often..? (qué tan seguido/qué tan frecuente)
I usually have breakfast at 8 o'clock Normalmente desayuno a las ocho
She normally goes to bed at 10 o'clock Normalmente va a la cama a las diez
Los adverbios de frecuencia van antes de todos los verbos a excepción de verbo to be en ese caso se colocan después de este.
Mary goes shopping once a week Hace la compra una vez a la semana
She brushes her hair twice a day Se cepilla el pelo dos veces al día She reads the paper three times a week Leer el periódico tres veces a la semana
He goes to school every day Va al colegio todos los días They do the ironing very Monday Planchan todos los lunes
My routine
Maybe ever is necessary speak about the things that we
regularly do and for this we use the present simple, that
help us to express the things that we do daily.
Activity: Complete the sentences according to the picture.
Activity: Write a sentence according to the picture.
Description
Describir es explicar, de forma detallada y ordenada, cómo son las personas, los
lugares o los objetos. Se apoya siempre de los adjetivos y en el ingles siempre vas a
encontrar el adjetivo en primer lugar y después el sujeto, objeto o lugar del que se
esté hablando.
example:
Pretty woman
Activity: Make a description about you.
My likes
In the English we can say the things or activities that we prefer, in the next chart you can see the forms
more commons to express our likes in differents grades.
Activity: write about the thing or activities that you like.
Write "Love, like, don't like, doesn't like, dislike or hate" in the following. boxes :
1. I eating Pizza on Saturdays.
2. My sister tidying her room.
3. She making dinner on Mondays.
4. Arthur playing rugby with his friends.
5. My aunt driving at night.
6. Your brothers sleeping in the tent.
7. Those children listening to the radio.
8. These men working on Sundays.
9. My niece reading adventure books.
10. Your father's friends driving their cars when it is raining.
Make and answer a invitation Para invitar a una persona a algún lugar o a realizar alguna actividad, podemos usar cualquiera de
las siguientes formas:
Would you like
Te gustaria...
To go to a rock concert?
To see a movie?
Why don't we
Porque no nostros....
Have and ice cream?
Go swimming tomorrow?
Drink some lemonade?
Shall we
Deveriamos...
Dance?
Watch T.V?
Go now?
Let's
Vamos...
Swim for a while?
Go to the park.
Buy some hot dogs.
Para responder cualquiera de las anteriores invitaciones, podemos usar:
Yes, thanks
No, thnaks
Yes thank you
No, thak you
I'd love to
Yes, I'd love to
That sounds great!
That's a great idea!
Example:
Martha: Hi, Peter, how are you today?
Peter: I'm fine, Martha. You look tired. Why don't we sit on that bench?
Martha: Thanks, that's a great idea!
Peter: Would you like an ice cream?
Martha: No, thank you.
Peter: How about a soda?
Martha: Yes, I'd love to.
Peter: Why don't we go to a coffe shop near my house'
Martha: That sounds great!
Peter: Yes, thaks.
Activities: Make an invitation for a near friend
CAN
"Can" is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English. It can be used to
express ability or opportunity, to request or offer permission, and to show possibility or
impossibility.
Examples:
•I can ride a horse. ability •We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. opportunity •She cannot stay out after 10 PM. permission •Can you hand me the stapler? request •Any child can grow up to be president. possibility Using "Can" in Present, Past, and Future
Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart
below to learn how "can" behaves in different contexts.
Answer yes or not
1) Can he swim?
________________
2) Can he play soccer?
_________________
3) Can she draw?
________________
4) Can he walk?
_________________
5) Can he drive a bus?
________________
6) Can he see?
________________
7) Can she sing?
________________
8) Can they cook?
________________
Perfect
!!
Could
El verbo 'Could' Expresa poca probabilidad o condicionalidad. Significa: podría, pude, podía, pudiera de
acuerdo con el contexto: I could dance if I could practice.
I could - podría / pude / podía / pudiera
Affirmative
You could be wrong. Podrías estar equivocado.
They could manage without us. Ellos pudieron/podrían arreglárselas sin nosotros.
I could help Ann if she only let me. Yo podría ayudar a Ann si tan solo me dejara.
This new plan could be very risky. Este nuevo plan podría ser muy riesgoso.
The news could kill Mr. Taylor. La noticia podría matarlo al señor Taylor.
Anybody could be chosen for the job. Cualquiera podría ser elegido para el trabajo.
I could go back and bring Kate with me. Yo podría/pude volver y traer a Kate conmigo.
Negative
I couldn't see very clearly. Yo no pude/podría ver muy claramente.
Mrs. Jones couldn't stand the smell. La señora Jones no pudo/podría soportar el olor.
We couldn't leave you alone. No podríamos dejarte solo.
Interrogative
Could you open the window? ¿Pudiste/podrías abrir la ventana?
Could they escape? ¿Pudieron/podrían escapar?
Could + have
You could have told me you weren't at home! ¡Podrías haberme dicho que no estabas en casa!
It could have been worse. Pudo/podría haber sido peor.
John couldn't have done that. John no pudo/podría haber hecho eso.
Modal Verb Subject Infinitivo without to
|
|
|
CAN / COULD
|
|
|
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
|
|
VERB – Simple form
(DANCE)
|
|
Complete the next sentences:
1. Tom (drive), but he doesn't have a car.
2. I can't understand Martin. I've never understand him.
3. I used to stand on my head, but I can't do it now.
4. Ask Ann about your problem. She should help you.
5. He can't play tennis very well now, but he fairly well when he
was younger.
6. She can't run very fast now, but when she was in school she
faster than anyone else.
7. I can't swim very far these days, but ten years ago I from
one side of the lake to the other.
Simple past (Past Simple)
The simple past expresses an action in the past taking place once, never, several times. It can also be
used for actions taking place one after another or in the middle of another action.
Use
1) Action finished in the past
I visited Berlin last week.
2) Series of completed actions in the past
First I got up, and then I had breakfast
3) Together with the Past Progressive/Continuous - The Simple Past interrupted an action which was in
progress in the past.
They were playing cards when the telephone rang.
Signal words
Yesterday, last week, a month ago, in 2002
Form
- with regular verbs: infinitive + -ed
- with irregular verbs: 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs.
Examples
Affirmative sentences:
regular verbs irregular verbs
I played football. I went to the cinema. We visited Alaska last year. We were in Rome yesterday.
Negative sentences:
You must not negate a full verb in English. Always use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of to do) for
negations.
I Played football.
I didn't Play football. He didn't Play football.
Questions:
Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of to do).
Did you play football?
Form of the Simple Past
Form the Simple Past:
- with regular verbs: infinitive + -ed
- with irregular verbs: 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs
Affirmative sentences:
Use the same form of the verb every time regardless the subject.
regular verbs irregular verbs
I played football. I went to the supermarket.
Negative sentences:
Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of do) every time regardless the subject.
regular verbs irregular verbs
I did not play football. I did not go to the supermarket.
NOTE: Short forms in negative sentences in the Simple Past are used quite often.
regular verbs irregular verbs
I didn't play football. I didn't go to the supermarket.
Questions:
Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of do) every time regardless the subject.
regular verbs irregular verbs
Did you play football? Did I go to the supermarket?
Exercises
Put the verbs into the simple past:
1. Last year I (go) _____________ to England on holiday.
2. It (be) _____________ fantastic.
3. I (visit) _____________ lots of interesting places. I (be) _____________ with two friends of mine.
4. In the mornings we (walk) _____________ in the streets of London.
5. In the evenings we (go) _____________ to pubs.
6. The weather (be) _____________ strangely fine.
7. It (not / rain) _____________ a lot.
8. But we (see) _____________ some beautiful rainbows.
9. Where (spend / you) _____________ your last holiday?
Put the sentences into simple past.
1. We move to a new house. → _____________________________________.
2. They bring a sandwich. → _____________________________________.
3. He doesn't do the homework. → __________________________________.
4. They sell cars. → _____________________________________
5. Does he visit his friends? → _____________________________________.
Write de past form of this verbs
INFINITIVE SIMPLE PAST
Meet Drive Speak
Put Write Sing Do Sit
Stand Run Read
Watch Fly
Agree Cover
die Drop
Discover Explain
Help hope Kiss Last Mix
Prepare Pray Rest
Study Supose
Talk use Try
Wash Work travel
Present continuous
The present continuous is a time that express actions that are happening at the moment.
for example:
I am studying English.
Present continuous
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I'm sleeping You're sleeping
He's sleeping She's sleeping
It's sleeping
We're sleeping You're sleeping They're sleeping
I'm not sleeping You aren't sleeping
He isn't sleeping She isn't sleeping
It isn't sleeping
We aren't sleeping You aren't sleeping They aren't sleeping
Am I sleeping? Are you sleeping?
Is he sleeping? Is she sleeping? Is it sleepingl?
Are we sleeping? Are you sleeping? Are they sleeping?
You
can!!!
Present continuous ING
Spelling of Verb + ING
For many verbs we make the ING form by simply adding -ING to end of the verb.
eat - eating speak - speaking cook - cooking start - starting do - doing stay - staying fix - fixing try - trying
Verbs ending with -e (with the exception of verbs ending in -ee and -ie)
Drop the -e and add ING
hope - hoping ride - riding make - making write - writing
Verbs ending with -ee
Just add -ING
agree - agreeing flee - fleeing see - seeing
Verbs ending with -ie
Change the -ie to -y and add -ING
die - dying tie - tying lie - lying
Verbs ending with one vowel and one consonant (with the exception of w, x, and y)
For one syllable verbs
double the consonant and add -ING
jog - jogging sit - sitting run - running stop - stopping
For two syllable verbs
If the 1st syllable is stressed, just add ING
answer - answering offer - offering listen - listening visit - visiting
If the 2nd syllable is stressed , double the consonant and add ING
admit - admitting prefer - preferring begin - begining
Present progressive
1. It .......... rain .......... in New York.
2. Mary.......... cook.......... in her house.
3. Peter and Susan .......... play ......... in the beach.
4. My father .......... work .......... in the garden.
5. I .......... learn .......... French.
6. You .......... .......... study ......... math.
7. My sister .......... eat .......... at the restaurant.
8. We .......... enjoy .......... the party.
9. They .......... .......... see .......... the pictures.
10. .......... my mother talk .......... to Jane?
11. The children .......... visit .......... the Zoo.
12. Mike .......... call .......... you.
13. Robert and Alice .......... travel .......... to Europe.
14. The dog .......... sleep .......... in the street.
15. What .......... you do ..........?
16. My grandfather .......... watch .......... T.V.
17. My friends .......... drink .......... at the bar.
18. Lisa .......... paint .......... her house.
19. I .......... play .......... the guitar.
20. The pupils .......... shout .......... in the park.
Ejercicios del presente continuo (I am doing), contesta y convierte en forma interrogativa y
contesta yes o no.
1. (He / walk to school now) ____________________________________
2. (I/study at the moment) ____________________________________
3. (I/not/sleep) ____________________________________
4. (you/ play bádminton tonight) ____________________________________
5. (we / watch TV) ____________________________________
6. (she / not / work in Spain) ____________________________________
7. (he / not / wait for the bus) ____________________________________
8. (they / read) ____________________________________
9. (we / not / go to the cinema tonight) _____________________________
10. (you / not / read the newspaper) ________________________________
11. (she / eat chocolate) ____________________________________
12. (I / not / live in Paris) ____________________________________
13. (we / study French) ____________________________________
14. (they / not / leave now) ____________________________________
15. (they / live in London) ____________________________________
16. (he / work in a restaurant now) ____________________________________
17. (I / not / meet my father at four) ___________________________________
18. (she / not / drink tea now) ____________________________________
19. (she / not / drink tea now) ____________________________________
20. (we / cook) ____________________________________
Very well!!!
Pasado Continuo – (Past Continuous) El Pasado Continuo, es un tiempo verbal que describe acciones que estaban siendo realizadas en un
momento del pasado al que se hace referencia y que luego continuaron, por ejemplo:
Yesterday he was studying English. Ayer él estaba estudiando inglés.
(Comenzó a estudiar antes de ese momento y continuó estudiando posteriormente)
John was playing tennis at 10 a.m. John estuvo jugando tenis a las 10 a.m.
(Comenzó a jugar tenis antes de las 10 a.m. y continuó haciéndolo después)
El Pasado Continuo se construye con el verbo auxiliar “to be” en su forma pasada y el verbo principal en
infinitivo con la terminación ING:
Observa que la forma negativa se construye colocando la partícula NOT después del verbo TO BE.
Puede usarse también la forma contraída WASN’T o WEREN’T.
También se puede utilizar este tiempo verbal para relatar dos acciones que sucedieron en el pasado y
que una de ellas ya se ha completado. Para ello utilizamos el Pasado Simple para mencionar lo que ya
finalizó y el Pasado Continuo para relatar lo que sigue ejecutándose.
When I left, he was studying the lesson.
Cuando yo partí, él estaba estudiando la lección.
They were singing when I broke the window.
Ellos estaban cantando cuando yo rompí la ventana.
Make the positive past continuous:
1. (Julie / sleep at three o’clock) (+) _______________________________________________________________ 2. (you / study at three o’clock) (?) ______________________________________________________________ 3. (Luke / read at three o’clock) (+) ______________________________________________________________ 4. (I / work at three o’clock) (?) _______________________________________________________________
5. (they / eat chocolate at three o’clock) (?) _______________________________________________________________ 6. (John / play tennis at three o’clock)(+) _______________________________________________________________
7. (we / watch TV at three o’clock) (?) ______________________________________________________________ 8. (he / use the Internet at three o’clock) (+) _______________________________________________________________ 9. (you / cook lunch at three o’clock) (+) _______________________________________________________________ 10. (we / travel to London at three o’clock) (?)
11. (Mrs. Brown / not / walk in the garden when the murder happened) (-) _______________________________________________________________ 12. (Mr. Black / not / work in his study when the murder happened) (-) _______________________________________________________________ 13. (Miss Jones / not / talk to Mr. White when the murder happened) (-) _______________________________________________________________ 14. (you / not / play cards when the murder happened) (-) _______________________________________________________________ 15. (Dr. Ford / not / read in his room when the murder happened)(-) _______________________________________________________________ 16. (Mr. and Mrs. Green / not / eat in the dining room when the murder happened)(-) _______________________________________________________________ 17. (Mr. Blue / not / drink coffee in the library when the murder happened)(-) _______________________________________________________________ 18. (the maid / not / clean the bedrooms when the murder happened)(-)
_______________________________________________________________ 19. (I / not / listen to music when the murder happened)(-) _______________________________________________________________ 20. (the dogs / not / play outside when the murder happened)(-)
_______________________________________________________________
Now make questions with the affirmative sentences and answer that questions in your notebook.
You are the
best!!
Going to.
We use going to when we say what we have already decided to do, or what we intend to do in the future:
There’s a movie on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?
No, I’m too tired. I’m going to make it an early night.
Estructures:
Affirmative:
Negative:
Question:
Write positive sentences in going to future.
1. I/work 2. You/dance 3. It/rain 4. They/ask 5. He/stays 6. We/speak 7. I/give 8. She/try 9. They/help 10. He/push
+ to be+ going to+ verb + complement.
+ to be + not + going to+ verb + complement.
Question word+ to be + + going to+ verb + complement + ?
Will Will future expresses a spontaneous decision, an assumption with regard to the future or an action in the
future that cannot be influenced.
Form of will Future
Use of will Future
a spontaneous decision
example: Wait, I will help you.
an opinion, hope, uncertainty or assumption regarding the future
example: He will probably come back tomorrow.
a promise
example: I will not watch TV tonight.
an action in the future that cannot be influenced
example: It will rain tomorrow.
conditional clauses type I
example: If I arrive late, I will call you.
Affirmative positive Negative negative Question question
no differences I will speak. I will not speak. Will I speak?
Write positive sentences in will Future.
1. We(help) _________________ you.
2. I(get) _________________ you a drink.
3. I think our team(win) _________________ the match.
4. Maybe she(do) _________________ a language course in Malta.
5. I(buy) _________________the tickets.
6. Perhaps she(do) _________________ this for you.
7. Maybe we(stay) _________________ at home.
8. She hopes that he(cook) _________________ dinner tonight.
9. I’m sure they(understand) _________________ your problem.
10. They(go / probably) _________________ to the party.
Write negative sentences in will future.
1. (I / answer / the question) ______________________________________________.
2. (she / read / the book) ______________________________________________.
3. (they / drink / beer) ______________________________________________.
4. (we / send / the postcard) ______________________________________________.
5. (Vanessa / catch / the ball) ______________________________________________.
6. (James / open / the door) ______________________________________________.
7. (we / listen / to the radio) ______________________________________________.
8. (they / eat / fish) ______________________________________________.
9. (she / give / him / the apple) _____________________________________________.
10. (the computer / crash) ______________________________________________.
Write questions in will future.
1. (you / ask / him) ______________________________________________.
2. (Jenny / lock / the door)
______________________________________________.
3. (it / rain)
______________________________________________.
4. (the teacher / test / our English) _________________________________________ .
5. (what / they / eat)
______________________________________________.
6. (when / she / be / back)
______________________________________________.
7. (who / drive / us / into town)______________________________________________.
8. (where / we / meet)
______________________________________________.
9. (when / I / be / famous)
______________________________________________.
10. (what / you / do)
______________________________________________.
Going to or will
Comparatives
Rules:
Los comparativos siguen una serie de reglas, para lo cual es importante conocer si nuestros adjetivos
son cortos o largos; un adjetivo es corto si está conformado por una sílaba. Por otra parte un adjetivo es
largo si está conformado por más de una sílabas.
Examples Large adjectives:
Examples Short adjectives:
Si nuestro adjetivo es corto se le agregara ER al final de este, tomando en cuenta que si nuestro
adjetivo tiene CVC (consonante vocal consonante) demos duplicar la última letra de éste por ejemplo:
Los comparativos, son aquellas palabras que nos ayudan a comparar objetos, personas o lugares
diferenciándolos uno del otro mediante la denotación de las características de uno con respecto al otro.
Por ejemplo:
Esta silla es más bonita que la otra silla.
This chair is more beautiful than the other chair.
+
+
+
big ------ bigger
Si nuestro adjetivo es largo, se antepone MORE y se escribe tal cual el adjetivo por ejemplo:
beautiful ----- more beautiful
Comparatives structure
Affirmative form:
Example:
The red bag is biggest.
The red bag is the most expensive.
Negative form:
Example:
The red bag isn't the biggest.
The red bag isn’t the most expensive.
Interrogative form:
+ +
+
+
+ + Sobject 1 to be short adjective est than
+ + Sobject 1 to be/not short adjective est
+ + Sobject 1 to be short adjective The most
+ + Sobject 1 to be/not large adjective The most
short adjective est ? the
Example:
Is the red bag biggest?
Is the red bag most expensive?
+ ?
+ + Sobject 1 to be
+ + + Sobject 1 to be large adjective The most
Superlatives
Rules:
Los superlativos siguen una serie de reglas, para lo cual es importante conocer si nuestros adjetivos
son cortos o largos; un adjetivo es corto si está conformado por una sílaba. Por otra parte un adjetivo es
largo si está conformado por más de una sílaba.
Examples Large adjectives:
Examples Short adjectives:
Si nuestro adjetivo es corto se le agregara EST al final de este, tomando en cuenta que si nuestro
adjetivo tiene CVC (consonante vocal consonante) demos duplicar la última letra de este por ejemplo:
big ------ biggest
Si nuestro adjetivo es largo, se antepone MOST y se escribe tal cual el adjetivo por ejemplo:
Beautiful ----- most beautiful
Los superlativos son aquellas palabras que denotan superioridad, es decir, que en lo que se está
comparando del objeto, será siempre más que los demás; el más alto, el más bonito, el más feo, el
mejor etc.
Por ejemplo:
Esta silla es la más bonita.
This chair is the most beautiful.
Superlatives structure
Affirmative form:
Example:
The red bag is bigger than the white bag.
The red bag is more expensive than the white bag
Negative form:
Example:
The red bag isn't bigger than the white bag.
The red bag isn’t more expensive than the white bag.
+
+
+
+ + + Sobject 1 to be short adjective er than Sobject 2 than + +
+ + + Sobject 1 to be/not short adjective er than Sobject 2 + +
+ + + Sobject 1 to be short adjective more than Sobject 2
+ + + Sobject 1 to be/not large adjective more than Sobject 2 +
Interrogative form:
Example:
Is the red bag bigger than the White bag?
Is the red bag more expensive than the white bag?
+ ?
+ + + + + + Sobject 1 to be short adjective er than Sobject 2
+ + + + + Sobject 1 to be large adjective more than Sobject 2
?
Completa con la forma comparativa o superlativa del adjetivo escrito entre paréntesis.
This computer is (new) than your computer.
Lisa is (old) than George.
George is (young) than Lisa.
Lucy is (young) in the class.
That car is (expensive) than this car.
That car is (expensive) in the market.
Your car is (fast) than this car.
Your car is (fast) in the race.
This house is (big) than my house!
This house is (big) in the neighborhood.
Mount Everest is than Cerro Aconcagua. (high)
I like music. To me, music is interesting than maths.
Cheetahs are than tigers or lions. (fast)
The Parana is a long river...The Amazon is longer. But the Nile is the in the world.
Mariah Carey is a bit than Madonna. (young)
This Ferrari is the expensive car in the world!
Which is the heaviest? Gold, silver or aluminium? "Gold is the of the three"
The giraffe is than the elephant. (tall)
Laurel and Hardy were than the Simson" (funny)
Albert Einstein was more than our former president..."Anyone was" (intelligent)
Pluto is than Mars (cold)
Mercury is the planet to the Sun. (close)
The Atacama desert is than the Amazonian region. (dry)
The Saharan desert is the one in the world. (big)
A horse lives longer than a dog...But a tortoise lives the
Which is smaller, China, Argentina or Monaco? "Obviously Monaco is the of the three"
Rules:
For regular verbs the past participle is the same has the past simple (+ ed).For the irregular
verbs see you list of verbs.
We often use the present perfect with ever (= in your life until now) and never.
Compare the present perfect of go and be.
o He has gone to Paris = He is in Paris now
o He has been in Paris = He went to Paris and come back.
The auxiliary in the present perfect
I have YOU have HE
has SHE IT
WE have YOU
THEY
Structures:
Affirmative:
Negative:
Question:
Present perfect
Use the present perfect to talk about paste experiences when you don’t
say exactly when they happened.
+ have/has + verb in participle + C
+have/has + verb in participle + C
Question word +have/has + +verb in participle +?
Activity: Completa las siguientes oraciones.
_______ you _______ (be) to Asia?
She _______ (not/study) for the exam.
Adam and Natalie _______ (live) together for 3 years.
Where _______ he _______ (go)?
We _______ (not/leave) yet.
I _______ (want) a new car for a long time.
_______ the bus (arrive) ________ yet?
They _______ (bring) their children with them.
Present perfect + yet, just, already
Use yet + the present perfect in – and? Sentences to ask if something that you think is going to
happen has happened or to say it hasn´t happened.
o Put yet at the end of the sentence.
Use just in + sentences to say that something happened very recently.
o Put just before the main verb.
Use already in + sentences to say that something happened before now or earlier than
expected.
o Put already before the main verb.
Activity: order the words ton form sentences.
1. he / meet / his friend. (just)
2. you / not drink / your glass of Coke. (yet)
3. I / make / my bed. (already)
4. We / not arrive. (yet) We / leave / the motorway. (just)
5. The director / talk / to him. (already)
6. I / write / the e-mail you asked me. (just)
7. She / not buy / the flat. (yet) But she wants to buy it soon.
8. He / be / really lucky. (just) He / win / the lottery. (just)
9. We / hear / the news. (already) It's horrible.
10. Paul / not pay / for the dinner. (yet)
Suffixes and prefixes
Most English words used today were not originally English. These words were adapted from other language, such as Latin and Greek. It can be helpful to know some of these roots of English vocabulary. It may be possible to guess the meaning of an unknown word when one knows the meaning of its root. Knowing prefixes and suffixes can also help.
An English word can consist of three parts: the root, a prefix, and a suffix. The root is the part of the word that contains the basic meaning, or definition of the word. The prefix is a word element placed in front of the root, which changes the word's meaning or makes a new word. A suffix is a word element placed after the root, which changes the word's meaning as well as its function.
When adding a suffix to a one-syllable word, if the root word ends in only one consonant and has only one vowel before it, and if the suffix begins with a vowel, then the consonant ending the root word will be doubled. For example, when adding -ing to can, we double then to end up with canning. The rule for multisyllable words is the same, but applies only when the last syllable of the root is accented, like in beginner and concurring, but not in begins or forgetful.
For words ending in silent e, when the suffix begins with a vowel, that silent e is usually dropped before adding the suffix. For example, in take and -ing, we drop the silent e off of take, then add the suffix, and end up with taking.
When adding a suffix to a word ending in y, if there is a vowel before the y, just add the suffix. For example, obey + -ed becomes obeyed. If there is a consonant before the y, we will usually change the y to an i before adding any suffix (except -ing and -ish.) For example, angry + ly becomes angrily, and baby + -ign becomes babying.
Common Prefixes
Prefix Meaning Example
pre- before They will show a sneak preview of the movie. un- not The cafeteria will be unavailable tomorrow morning. dis- not Mark disagreed with John's philosophy. re- again Are you going to renew your subscription? mis- not He has mismanaged the company. im- not With hard work and determination, nothing is impossible. bi- two Henry recently received his first pair of bifocals. de- not Many ecologists are concerned about the deforestation of our world's rain
forests.
Common Suffixes
Suffixes Meaning Example
-er doer I work as a computer programmer. -able able These glass bottles are recyclable. -ous full of Driving on the freeway can be dangerous. -ness state of being At night, the earth is covered in darkness. -ful full of The witness gave an honest and truthful testimony. -ly or -y like James whistled happily on his way home from school. -ment state of Mary sighed with contentment.
A/and, some/any
Countable Uncountable
(+) We need An apple some apples
Some butter some milk
(-) We don´t need A tomato any tomatoes
Any rice any sugar
(?) Do we need A tomato? Any tomatoes?
Any rice? Any sugar?
Use a / and with singular C nouns.
Use some with plural C nouns and U nouns in (+)
Use any with plural C nouns and U nouns in (-) and (?)
We can also use some in ? to ask for and offer things.
o Can I have some coffee?
o Would you like some biscuits?
Countable / Uncountable
There are two kinds of noun in English, Countable (C) and Uncountable (U).
C= Things you can count. C nouns can be singular or plural.
One apple, two apples, three apples.
U= Things you can´t count. U nouns can´t be plural.
Butter, meat NOT two butters, three meats
A. Are these nouns countable or uncountable?
1. water ____________
2. fruit ____________
3. coconut ____________
4. bread ____________
5. DVD ____________
6. meat ____________
7. ball ____________
8. snack____________
9. glasses____________
10. pen ____________
11. milk____________
12. chair____________
13. gasoline____________
14. table____________
15. cream____________
B `a´ or `an´ ? (Countable Nouns)
1. ____________ uncle
2. ____________ hour
3. ____________ bus
4. ____________ dress
5. ____________ oven
6. ____________ beach
7. ____________ teacher
8. ____________ insect
9. ____________ taxi
10. ____________umbrella
11. ____________player
12. ____________eye
13. ____________castle
14. ____________artist
15. ____________river
C. `a / an´, `some´ and `any´
1. Lisa´s got a / an towel.
2. Ana´s got a / some rucksack.
3. Lucía’s got an / some insect repellent.
4. Javi hasn´t got some / any sunglasses.
5. Antonio´s got a / some swimming costume.
6. Ignacio hasn´t got any / some sandwiches.
7. Angeles has got an / a apple.
8. There aren´t any / some cafés in the city.
9. I haven´t got any / some money.
10. Have you got some / any sun cream?
11. We´ve got some / any sandwiches.
12. We need a / an torch for our camping trip.
13. There isn´t some / any litter on the beach.
14. I´m going to buy any / an ice cream.
15. Can I have some / a strawberries?
D. `a / an´, `some´ and `any´
1. There isn´t _________ electricity at the campsite.
2. There aren´t _________ sunglasses in the shop.
3. I´ve got _________ apple in my bag.
4. There are _________ sandwiches.
5. I´ll buy _________ bottle of water at the beach.
6. I haven´t got _________ radios in my room.
7. Is there _________ internet café in your town?
8. There aren´t _________ computers in my classroom.
9. Have you got _________ brothers and sisters?
10. My teacher´s got _________ new car.
11. There´s _________ water in the bottle.
12. I´m going to buy _________ chips.
13. There is _________ camera.
14. She´s got _________ pear.
15. You can have _________ potatoes.
Uncountable (singular) Full answers Short answers
How much water do you drink?
I drink a lot of water I drink quite a lot of water I don´t drink much water I don´t drink any water
A lot Quite a lot Not much None
Countable (plural)
How many sweets did you it? I ate a lot of sweets I ate quite a lot of sweets I didn´t eat many sweets I didn´t eat any sweets
A lot Quite a lot Not many None
Use:
A lot of with C and U nouns for a big quantity.
Quite a lot (of) for quite a big quantity.
Not……much with U nouns for a small quantity.
Not…..many with C plural nouns for a small quantity.
not…… any (none in shor answers) for zero quantity.
How much and How many
Use how much….? With uncountable nouns and how many…..? with plural
countable nous.
Activity: Completa los recuadros con How much o How many.
eggs are there? There are eight eggs.
chocolate is there? There is a bar of chocolate.
sausages are there? There are five sausages.
bread is there? There is a kilo of bread.
students are there? There are four students.
The modal verbs are:-
Modal Example Uses
Can They can control their own budgets.
We can’t fix it.
Can I smoke here?
Can you help me?
Ability / Possibility
Inability / Impossibility
Asking for permission
Request
Would Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me?
Would you pass the salt please?
Would you mind waiting a moment?
"Would three o`clock suit you?" - "That’d be fine."
Would you like to play golf this Friday?
"Would you prefer tea or coffee?" - "I’d like tea
please."
Asking for permission
Request
Request
Making arrangements
Invitation
Preferences
Have to / don´t have to She has to get up at 7.00 every day.
You have to drive on the left on the UK
He doesn´t have to work on Saturdays
Do I have to buy a grammar book?
To talk about the rules and
obligations.
Must / mustn´t You must do your homework tonight
She must tidy her room before she goes out.
You mustn´t smoke in class
They mustn´t leave their bags here
To talk about the rules and
obligations.
May / might We might have a picnic tomorrow, but it depends
of the weather.
To talk about possibility.
Might not and may nor aren´r
Modal verbs
All the auxiliary verbs except be, do and have are called modals. Unlike other
auxiliary verbs modals only exist in their helping form; they cannot act alone as the
main verb in a sentence.
Be, do, and have also differ from the other auxiliaries in that they can also serve as
ordinary verbs in a given sentence.
I might not go to the party. I haven´t decided yet.
I may go to the party, but I´m not sure.
I may not have time to do everything today.
usually contracted.
Should / shouldn´t I think you should change your job.
The government should do more for old people
To give somebody advice or say
what you think is the right thing to
do.
Complete the sentences using the words listed in the box below, then click the "Check" button to check your answers. Don't forget to capitalize when necessary.
Some gaps may have more than one correct answer.
can could have to must might should
1. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He be exhausted after such
a long flight. He prefer to stay in tonight and get some rest.
2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you walk
downtown and explore the waterfront.
3. Hiking the trail to the peak be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic
weather changes. You research the route a little more before you attempt
the ascent.
4. When you have a small child in the house, you leave small objects lying
around. Such objects be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.
5. Dave: you hold your breath for more than a minute?
Nathan: No, I can't.
6. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It have cost a fortune.
7. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don't get enough
water, they die.
8. I speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Egypt. But after
we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot
almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I just say a few things in the
language.
9. The book is optional. My professor said we read it if we needed extra
credit. But we read it if we don't want to.
10. Leo: Where is the spatula? It be in this drawer but it's not here.
Nancy: I just did a load of dishes last night and they're still in the dish washer. It be in
there. That's the only other place it be.
11. You take your umbrella along with you today. The weatherman on the
news said there's a storm north of here and it rain later on this afternoon.
12. we pull over at the next rest stop? I really use the bathroom and I don't know if I
hold it until we get to Chicago.
13. Oh no! Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He have left it here last
night.
14. Ned: I borrow your lighter for a minute?
Stephen: Sure, no problem. Actually, you keep it if you want to. I've given up
smoking.
15. I believe she said that to Megan! She insult her cooking in
front of everyone at the party last night. She have just said she was full or
had some salad if she didn't like the meal.
16. Do you chew with your mouth open like that? Geez, it's making me sick
watching you eat that piece of pizza.
17. Mrs. Scarlett's body was found in the lounge just moments ago, and it's still warm!
Nobody has left the mansion this evening, so the killer be someone in this
room. It be any one of us!!!
18. Ted: I don't know why Denise starting crying when I mentioned the wedding.
Pamela: It have been what you said about her brother. Or, perhaps she is
just nervous. After all, the big day is tomorrow.
19. you always say the first thing that pops into your head? you
think once in awhile before you speak?
20. I was reading the book last night before I went to bed. I never took it out of this
room. It be lying around here somewhere. Where it be? be
swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.
Captar esencia de anuncios y mensajes.
Match the sings to their meaning.
You should be careful not to take too much of this medicine.
You have to wait until a waiter shows you where to sit.
You must keep this medicine somewhere safe.
You mustn’t smoke here.
You shouldn’t leave anything valuable in your car.
You should be careful or you might fall over.
You mustn’t drink this water.
You must make sure that the door is never left open.
You should be careful with your belongings.
You have to turn your mobile off.
You must drive carefully here.
You mustn’t use radios in this park.
Dar un consejo
Para dar un consejo:
you don't look well, you should go to the doctor
He is sick, he shouldn't go to school today.
The little girl feels hot, you should take her to the clinic.
If I were you, I would go to the dentist.
If I were you, I wouldn't eat that food.
Don't drink too much coffee! You are very nervous.
Try holding your breath!
The best thing for you is to drink a cup of tea.
Para hacer contestar ofrecimientos y sugerencias:
Why don't you call an ambulance?
How about going back to school?
Shall I bring you a sweater?
Do you want me to call?
A friend?
Your parents?
To your house?
Aceptar o rechazar la sugerencia o ayuda:
That's a good idea.
That would be nice.
Thanks.
Thank you.
I don´t think so.
I'd rather go home.
No thanks
Distintas estructuras que se utilizan en inglés para dar consejos:
Con verbos modales:
You + (must / should) + ...
You must visit the dentist
Con la estructura:
You had better + infinitivo (sin "to")
You had better consult with your lawyer
If I were you I + (should / would) ...
If I were you I should look for a new job
I advise (I would advise) you + infinitivo
I advise you to rest in bed; you have fever
Why don't you +...
Why don't you buy a new car
It is time you + pasado simple
It is time you went to bed
1.- Completa las siguientes expresiones de consejo
(además de la solución señalada puede haber alguna otra alternativa también válida).
I ________ you to go this summer to England to improve your English
You had ________ buy a new television set
It is ________ you solved your problems with your brother
You ________ move close to the city centre
________ don't you come with us to the mountains this week-end?
If I ________ you I should speak with your boss
I ________ you to visit in Madrid the museum "El Prado"
You ________ leave the office a little bit earlier
It is ________ you repair that broken window
You ________ better changed your point of view about that subject
If I ________ you I should call the police
You ________ practice some sport; it is good for your health
It is ________ you went back home
________ don't you change your glasses? They look a little bit out of date
It is ________ you make a decision about your career
I ________ you to study a little bit harder
________ I were you I should sell this house and would buy a new one
You ________ better come with me to the theatre
I ________ you to consult that problem with your doctor
If I ________ you I would ask her to marry me
You ________ study German; it is very important in your firm.
Conectors
So, because, but, although.
Because (porque) and so (entonces) :
Use because to express a reason.
Use so to express a result.
But(pero) and although(aunque):
Use but and although to show a contrast.
Although con go at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
Unless:
Unless (a no ser, a menos que) se usa para expresar una condición para la realización de una acción.
She was driving fast because she was in a hurry. (Reason)
She was in a hurry so she was driving fast. (Result)
My friends spoke to the DJ because they didn’t like the music. (Reason)
They didn’t like the music so my friends spoke to the DJ. (Result)
She tried to stop but she hit the man.
Although she tried to stop, she hit the man.
It was late but she couldn’t sleep.
She couldn’t sleep although it was late.
If I finish my homework I'll go out. I won't go out unless I finish my homework. Unless I finish my homework I won't go out.
Activity: Choose the correct answer.
1. I like coffee ___ I don't like tea.
and
but
so
because
2. I cannot swim ___ I can ski.
and
but
so
because
3. I want a new TV ___ the one I have now is broken.
and
but
so
because
4. I had to work on Saturday ___ I couldn't go to John's party.
and
but
so
because
5. My name is Jim ___ I'm your new teacher.
and
but
so
because
6. I was cold ___ I turned on the heater.
and
but
so
because
7. We'll have to go shopping ___ we have nothing for dinner.
and
but
so
because
8. The history test was difficult ___ the English one was easy.
and
but
so
because
9. We didn't go to the beach yesterday ___ it was raining.
and
but
so
because
10. We have a test on Monday ___ I'll have to study this weekend.
and
but
so
because
Shopping
Shop assistant: Can I help you? ¿Puedo ayudarle?
customer: No thanks, I’m just looking. No, gracias… sólo estoy mirando.
Shop assistant: OK. OK.
customer: No, actually, Have you got this jumper in different colours? De hecho, tienen este suéter en otros colores?
Shop assistant:Yes we have it in blue, green and white. Si, lo tenemos en azul, verde y blanco.
customer:Can you bring me a blue one please? ¿Me traes uno en azul por favor?
Shop assistant: Right away. What size are you? En seguida ¿Qué talla tiene?
customer: Extra-large… I eat an English breakfast every morning. Súper grande – tomo un desayuno inglés todas las mañanas.
El dependiente trae el suéter.
customer:Can I try it on? Me lo puedo probar
Shop assistant: Of course, the fitting room is here. Por supuesto, el probador esta por aquí.
El hombre va al probador y sale con el suéter puesto.
Shop assistant: How does it fit? ¿Que tal le queda?
customer: It’s a little tight, have you got the next size up? Me aprieta un poco ¿tienen una talla más?
El dependiente le da otro suéter.
customer: Excellent… I’ll take it. Muy bien… me lo llevo.
Shop assistant: Ok… please pay at the cash desk, I’ll accompany you. Vale… pague en caja… le acompaño.
Llegan a la caja.
Shop assistant: Would you like to pay by credit card or in cash, sir? ¿Le gustaría pagar con tarjeta de crédito o en efectivo, señor?
customer: In cash. Sorry I only have a 500 euro note… is that okay? En efectivo. Perdón pero sólo tengo un billete de 500 euros ¿Está bien?
Shop assistant: No problem. Here’s your change and your receipt, you have fourteen days to return it if you want a refund. Ningún problema. Aquí esta tu cambio y el ticket, tiene catorce días para devolverlo si quiere un reembolso.
customer:Ok, thanks very much… by the way… would you like to share an English breakfast with me in my hotel tomorrow morning?
Gracias, por cierto ¿te gustaría compartir un desayuno inglés conmigo mañana por la mañana en mi hotel?
Shop assistant: Look, sir, I don’t like English breakfast s or English men. NEXT! Mira señor, a mí no me gustan los desayunos ingleses ni los hombres ingleses. Que tenga un buen día ¡SIGUIENTE!
Funciones:
A) Dar información acerca de las actividades cotidianas de las personas, así como verdades universales.
B) Expresar gustos, preferencias, obligaciones y deseos.
C) Pedir información acerca de sí mismo, de otras personas y su apariencia física.
D) Pedir y dar información acerca del precio, talla, color y cantidad de diversos productos.
E) Pedir y dar información acerca de ocupaciones.
F) Dar y pedir información sobre habilidades.
Activity: Match the conversation with the function.
- Do you like this color or that one? - I prefer that one - I don´t like this color very much. ( B ) - I have to go to help my parents at home after school. 2)
- What do you do everyday in the morning? - I get up at 6 o´clock, take a shower and have breakfast. ( ) - Earth is the third planet in the solar system. 3)
- I like live concerts. - She doesn´t speak any foreign language. ( ) - Mary looks great in blue jeans and tennis shoes. - What does she look like?
- She´s tall and slim with brown long hair and green eyes.
4)
- Can you swim? - No, I can´t ( ) - I can play the guitar but I can´t sing. 5)
- Can I help you? - Can you help me? I´m looking for a shirt. - What size or color? - Can I try it on? - I need some beige trousers. - Would you like to try them on? ( ) - No, thank you.
- Yes of course. - Give me a pound of coffee, please. - How many oranges do you want? - Can I have some orange juice? - Any thing else? 6)
- What does your father do? - He´s a taxi driver ( ) - I´m a high school student.
Activity: Now try to make a conversation about shopping.
Warm-up questions 1) Do you like to cook? Why or why not?
2) Are you a vegetarian?
3) What is your favorite food?
4) How often do you eat in a restaurant? o
Where do you usually go?
o Who do you usually go with? o
What do you order?
At a restaurant It’s so important to know about the correct conversation to order the meals in a restaurant.
Other useful structures and what to expect from the waiter/waitress. Besides equipping your student with the vocabulary and structures to converse, it’s equally important to teach him/her what to expect from a waiter/waitress. The following table gives an idea about what is usually involved on both sides.
5) Do you have a favorite bar or café or restaurant? If so, where is it? Why do you like it?
6) What is the cheapest place to eat that you know? o
About how much is a meal?
o Where is it?
7) What is the most expensive restaurant that you have ever been to? o
What did you eat there?
o When did you go?
8) Do you like to try new food and drinks? Have you ever been to an Indian/Chinese/Italian restaurant?
Vocabulary
Types of restaurants:
a-la-carte: entrée/main course/dessert buffet take-away fast food sandwich shop café
Introduce Structures for ordering food at a restaurant We always use would like… in ordering.
- This expression, which is often contracted to 'd like, means want, though it is "softer," less direct, and much more polite. It is followed by an infinitive or a noun. For example:
Sentences with want Sentences with would like
I want more coffee. (rude) Do you want to come with us? (direct) I
want to say something. (very direct)
I'd like some more coffee please. (less direct, more polite) Would you like to come with us? (less direct, more polite) I would like to say something please. (less direct, more polite)
- It’s important to explain to the student that the word “like” in “would like” does not
mean the antonym of “hate”. The following are good examples to show the difference - --- Do you like tea? ---Yes, I do. --- Would you like some now? --- No, thank you. Not now. - I like oranges. (in general) I’d like an orange, please.
Sample Dialogue Waiter: Welcome to Antico's. Here are your menus. Customer: Have you got any specials today? Waiter: Yes. Today's special is grilled salmon. I'll be back to take your order in a minute.
. . . Waiter: Are you ready to order? Customer 1: Yes. I'd like the prawn spaghetti please. Waiter: Would you like anything for entrée? Customer 1: No thank you, we’re just going to have mains tonight. Waiter: Ok sure, and you? Customer 2: I'll have the veal casserole with vegetables and mashed potato please. Waiter: Would you like anything to drink? Customer 1: I'll have a coke, please. Waiter: And for you? Customer 2: Just water, please. Waiter: OK. So that's one prawn spaghetti, one veal casserole with vegetables and mashed potato, one coke, and one water. I'll take your menus.
. . . Waiter: Here is your food. Enjoy your meal.
. . . Waiter: How was everything? Customers 2: Delicious, thanks. Waiter: Would you like anything for dessert? Customer 1: No, just the bill please. Example Dialogue 1: Ordering a sandwich - Who’s next? - Me. Can I have a sandwich with cheese and tomato please? - White or brown bread? - Brown please. A. Butter? B: Yes please A: Do you want salt and pepper? B: Just a little bit please. A: Anything else with that? B: Do you have banana smoothies? A: Yes. Anything else? B: No Thank you, that’s all. A: Right that’s $9.
Dialogue Example 2: Ordering a pizza over the phone A: Hello, Jim’s Pizza shop how can I take your order? B: Yes. I’d like one large Supreme Pizza and one small Hawaiian. A: What crust would you like? B: Classic crust please. A: Classic crust for both? B: Oh, no. The classic crust for the Supreme pizza and thin and crispy for Hawaiian. A: Anything else? B: No. That’s all. A: Ok. Is it for take-away or home delivery? B: Take-away please. A: That’ll be & $19. Your pizza will be ready in 40 minutes. B: Thanks. Bye.
Restaurant Cloze
Fill in the blanks with words from the box:
appetizer
bar
breakfast
brunch
buffet
chef
cook
dessert
dinner
dishwasher
fancy
fast-food
lunch
non-smoking
salad
smoking
soup
tip
waiter
People Who Work in a Restaurant:
The person who serves your food is called a ___________________. The person
who cooks your food is called a ____________________ if it is a cheap restaurant
or a _____________________ if it is an expensive restaurant. A
___________________ is somebody who washes dishes. If the food and service is
good, people usually leave a __________________.
Meals and the Time of Day:
Most people eat ____________________ after they wake up. Around noon people
have their midday meal, or _____________________. And
___________________ is the meal that people eat in the evening. However,
sometimes, especially on Sunday, people like to sleep in, so instead of having
breakfast, they eat a meal between breakfast and lunch called
______________________.
Parts of a Meal:
At lunch or dinner sometimes people order a snack before the meal called an
________________________. A __________________ or a
___________________ is often served alongside the main meal. After dinner,
people sometimes treat themselves to ___________________.
Types of Restaurants:
It’s nice to eat at a ___________________ restaurant, but
that can be expensive. Sometimes, if you are short on time or
short on money, you might go to a ______________________
restaurant because the food is cheaper and served faster.
Some restaurants have a ________________________,
which means you take a plate up to a table loaded with food and
you can put as much food as you want on your plate. Other
restaurants have a ___________________ where you can get
an alcoholic drink while you are waiting for your table. Most
restaurants these days have a _________________ and a
_________________ section.
Talking on the phone
Answering the phone – Responder el teléfono
Formal Less Formal
Hello, Carlos speaking Hi Good morning, how may I help you? Hello
Making contact / asking to talk to someone – Pedir hablar con alguien
Formal Less Formal
Could I speak to Carlos / Mr. Villanueva? Can I speak to Gustavo? I’d like to speak to Carlos. Is Gustavo there?
Identifying yourself on the phone - Decir quien esta hablando
Formal Less Formal
My name (this) is Brian This is Brian Brian speaking ————————————————————-
Stating your purpose / the reason of calling – La razon de la llamada
This section is wide open. Here are some common sentences:
Less formal:
- I want to go to the mall.
- Do you want to go to the cinema?
- What are you doing? Let’s hang out.
- There is a concert tonight. Do you want to go?
- What are you going to do later?
- I wanted to talk to you about the party.
- Did you hear about what happened to Laura?
- I heard you were sick. Are you feeling better?
Formal
- I’m calling about (the meeting next Monday morning)
- The reason I’m calling is about (the purchase of the house
Other options - otras opciones
Saying someone is not in / negative answers - decir que algien no esta
When we want to say that someone is not in his office or home we use the following phrase:
- I’m afraid (I’m sorry)he/she isn’t in his office (in a meeting/home/available/here/out)
Asking someone to leave a message – pedir a alguien que deje un mensaje o pedir dejar un
mensaje
- Can I take (give him/her) a message? (tomar un mensaje) ——– Can I leave a message? (dejar un
mensaje)
- Would you like to leave a message? (tomar mensaje)
Asking someone to wait a moment - pedir a alguien que espere
- Can/Could you hold?
Closing a conversation - Cerrar una conversación
Formal Less Formal
Good, so I’ll see you on the 8th I’ll talk to you later That’s great. Goodbye I have to go, Take care It was a pleasure. Have a good day Ok, keep in touch. Bye bye
CONVERSATION TRANSCRIPT - CONVERSACION ESCRITA
A) Can I speak to Peter, please? This is John Griffiths.
B) I’m sorry, he’s out at the moment. Can I take a message?
Yes, please. It’s about the concert tonight. I’ve got the tickets for us. It’s at the Palace Hall. It starts at
8:30 so we want to be there for 8:15. There’s a train which leaves here at 7:15. I think it’s easier than
in a car.
A) Right. I’ve got that. Do you want him to ring you back? (¿Quieres que el te llame a ti? – ring =
call)
B) No, I’m out until this evening, so there’s no point.
A) Ok. Goodbye
B) Thank you. Goodbye.
Activity: In your notebook try to write a conversation similar than the other one.
Structures.
There is / there are
Affirmative:
Negative:
Question:
To be is/are/am
Affirmative:
Negative:
Question:
To be was/were
Affirmative:
Negative:
Question:
There + is/are + + C
There + is/are + not + + C
is/are + There + + C + ?
+ is/are/am + C
+ is/are/am + not + C
is/are/am + + C + ?
+ was/were + C
+ was/were + not + C
was/were + + C + ?
There is a car in the street.
There is not a car in the street.
Is there a car in the street ?
She is Rachel.
She is not Rachel.
Is she Rachel ?
She was Rachel.
She was not Rachel.
Was she Rachel ?
Simple present (do/does)
Affirmative:
Negative:
Question:
Past simple(did)
Affirmative:
Negative:
Question:
Present continuous (I am doing)
Affirmative:
Negative:
Question:
+ verb in infinitive + C
+ do/does + not + verb in infinitive + C
Question word + do/does + + verb + C + ? + verb in infinitive+ C + ?
+ verb in past + C
+ did + not + verb in infinitive + C
Question word + did + + verb in infinitive + C + ?
+ is/are/am + verb + ING + C
+ is/are/am + not + verb + ING + C
Question word + is/are/am + +verb + ING + C + ?
We run in the park.
We do not run in the park.
Do we run in the park?
you bought a candy yesterday .
You did not bay a candy
yesterday.
Did you bay a candy yesterday?
He is working in the office now .
He is not working in the office now.
Are you working in the office now?
Going to
Affirmative:
Negative:
Question:
Will (future)
Affirmative:
Negative:
Question:
+ to be+ going to+ verb + complement.
+ to be + not + going to+ verb + complement.
Question word+ to be + + + going to+ verb + complement + ?
+ will + verb in infinitive + C
+ won't + verb in infinitive + C
Question word + will + +verb in infinitive + ?
The dog is going to do a trick .
The dog is not to do a trick.
Is the dog going to do a trick?
They will be engineers .
They won't be engineers.
will they be engineers?
Past continuous (I was doing)
Affirmative:
Negative:
Question:
Present perfect
Affirmative:
Negative:
Question:
+ was/were + verb + ING + C
+ was/were + not + verb + ING + C
Question word + was/were + +verb + ING + C + ?
He was working in the office a
moment ago.
He was not working in the office a
moment ago.
Were you working in the office a
moment ago?
+ have/has + verb in participle + C
+have/has + verb in participle + C
Question word +have/has + +verb in participle +?
You have finished
your course,
congratulations, you
are a champion!!!!!
