kzievbx i avk¡xk¡v€¦ · masail-i-qurbani & aqeeqah by dr. muhammad asadullah al-ghalib....

gvmv‡q‡j Kzievbx I AvK¡xK¡v

gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje

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cÖKvkK

nv`xQ dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`k KvRjv, ivRkvnx| †dvbt (Abyt) (0721) 861365| nv. dv. ev. cÖKvkbvt 5|

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\ cÖKvkK KZ©„K me© Z¡ msiw¶Z \ 1g cÖKvk : RyjvB 1987 2q ms¯‹iY : gvP© 1995 3q ms¯‹iY : †deª“qvix 2000 ewa©Z 4_© ms¯‹iY : Rvbyqvix 2005 5g ms¯‹iY : b‡f¤i 2009|

K‡¤úvR:

nv`xQ dvD‡Êkb Kw¤úDUvm©

gy ª‡Y:

w` †e½j †cÖm, ivYxevRvi, ivRkvnx, †dvb: 774612| wba©vwiZ g~j¨: 20 (wek) UvKv gvÎ|

MASAIL-I-QURBANI & AQEEQAH by Dr. Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib. Professor, Department of Arabic, University of Rajshahi. Published by HADEETH FOUNDATION BANGLADESH. Kajla, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Ph & Fax: (0721) 861365. Fixed price: 20.00 only.

3

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1. Kzievbxi msÁv 4-8 ¸i“Z¡-4, D‡Ïk¨-5, ûKzg, Zvrch©-6, dvhv‡qj-7, whjnv¾ gv‡mi 1g `k‡Ki dhxjZ-7, Avivdvi w`‡bi wQqvg-8, Kzievbxi BwZnvm-8|

2. Kzievbxi gvmv‡qj: 12-26 Pzj-bL bv KvUv-12, Kzievbxi cï-13, ÔgywmbœvnÕ Øviv Kzievbx-14, cwiev‡ii c¶ nÕ‡Z GKwU cïB h‡_ó-15, Kzievbx‡Z kixK nIqv-17, Kzievbx Kivi c×wZ-21, henKvjxb †`vÔAv-22, QvjvZ I Lyrevi c~‡e© Kzievbx-22, †MvkZ eÈb-23, †MvkZ msi¶Y-24, g„Z e¨w³i bv‡g Kzievbx-24, Kzievbxi †MvkZ I Pvgov weµq Kiv-24, cï hen I KzUv-evQvi gRyix-25, C`vq‡bi mKv‡j wKQz †L‡q ev bv †L‡q †ei nIqv-25, Kzievbxi e`‡j Zvi g~j¨ Qv`K¡v Kiv-25, Kzievbxi Ab¨vb¨ gvmv‡qj-26|

3. C`vq‡bi gvmv‡qj: 26-44 C‡ì msÁv, cÖPjb-26, KiYxq, mgqKvj, dhxjZ I wbqZ-27, C`vq‡bi ZvKexi aŸwb-28, ZvKex‡ii kãvejx-29, QvjvZ Av`v‡qi c×wZ-30, gwnjv‡ì AskMÖnY-32, gq`v‡b C‡ì RvgvÔAvZ-33, RygÔAv, C` I AvK¡xK¡v GKB w`‡b-34, C`vq‡bi Qvjv‡Z AwZwi³ ZvKexi-34, ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv mn wK-bv-38, Qq ZvKexi-41, C`vq‡bi Ab¨vb¨ gvmv‡qj-44, `yB C‡ì w`b wQqvg wbwl×, C‡ì w`b Kzkj wewbgq, C‡ì K¡vhv-44|

4. Beivnxgx †PZbv ebvg cÖPwjZ †PZbv 45

5. AvK¡xK¡v Aa¨vq 47-53 msÁv, cÖPjb-47, ûKzg, ¸i“Z¡-48, AvK¡xK¡vi cï-49, AvK¡xK¡vi †`vÔAv-50, wkïi bvgKiY-51, bvgKiY wel‡q ÁvZe¨-51, cÖPwjZ wKQz fyj bv‡gi bgybv-53, AvK¡xK¡vi †MvkZ e›Ub-54, AvK¡xK¡vi Ab¨vb¨ gvmv‡qj-54|

6. wkïi Lvrbv 55-56 Lvrbv wel‡q ÁvZe¨-55, Kibxq I eR©bxq-56|

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�� ÔKi“Yvgq K…cvwbavb Avj−vn&i bv‡g (ïi“ KiwQ)Õ

�� !" # $ %:

1. Kzievbxi msÁv

Aviex ÔKzievbÕ ) (�)��*( kãwU dvimx ev E ©~‡Z ÔKzievbxÕ iƒ‡c cwiwPZ

n‡q‡Q, hvi A_© ÔˆbKU¨Õ| cvwifvwlK A‡_© ,�-./012 �/� 3(�/�4�3.�� 5�6�� -�57 5�5� 18 �-��)/�/9 ÔKzievbxÕ H gva¨g‡K ejv nq, hvi Øviv Avj−vn&i ˆbKU¨ nvwQj nqÕ|1 cÖPwjZ A‡_©, C yj Avhnvi w`b Avj−vn&i mš‘wó jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ kviC ZixKvq †h cï hen Kiv nq, Zv‡K ÔKzievbxÕ ejv nqÕ| mKv‡j iw³g m~h© Dc‡i IVvi mg‡q ÔKzievbxÕ Kiv nq e‡j GB w`bwU‡K ÔBqvIgyj AvhnvÕ ejv n‡q _v‡K|2 hwÌ Kzievbx mvivw`b I c‡ii yÕw`b Kiv hvq|

(2) ¸i“Z¡

Avj−vn e‡jb,

(K) :�4�/; �/<�5= 4�3�-� 5�6�� 5�5>�/�/? �@� �3�-� �/A�/BC�/�/D -(41EC��/# ) FG�HI(J

ÔAvi Kzievbxi cï mg~n‡K Avgiv †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ Avj−vn&i wb`k©b mg~‡ni Aš—f©y³ K‡iwQ| Gi g‡a¨ †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ Kj¨vY i‡q‡QÕ ( n¾ 2 2 / 3 6 )|

(L) Avj−vn AviI e‡jb, K��5L/ KM4�5N5� 1$�/B42/-=/# O /�25�5;P)C�� Q5= 5�4�-�/ �/BCR/�/9/# )�� S�=�!TUVJTUW(J ÔAvi Avgiv Zvi (A_©vr BmgvC‡ji) cwie‡Z© hen

Kivi Rb¨ w`jvg GKwU gnvb KzievbxÕ| ÔGes Avgiv GwU‡K (A_©vr Kzievbxi G cÖ_vwU‡K) cieZx©‡ì g‡a¨ †i‡L w`jvgÕ ( QvddvZ 3 7 / 1 07 -

1 08)| 1. gvR`yÏxb dx‡ivhvev`x, Avj-K¡vg~myj gynxZ¡ (êi“Z Qvcvt 1406/1986) c„t 158| 2. kvIKvbx, bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi (Kvq‡iv Qvcvt 1398/1978) 6/228 c„t|

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(M) Avj−vn e‡jb, 4�)/X4"�/# /Y)@�/�5� Z[/!)-= ) �\�)��](J ÔZzwg †Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki D‡Ï‡k¨ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki Ges Kzievbx KiÕ ( m ~iv KvIQvi 1 08/ 2 )| Kvwdi-gykwiKiv Zv‡ì †è-†èx I wewfbœ Kei I †e`x‡Z c~Rv †`q I g~wZ©i D‡Ï‡k¨ Kzievbx K‡i _v‡K| Zvi cÖwZev` ¯iƒc gymjgvb‡K Avj−vn&i Rb¨ ÔQvjvZ Av`v‡qi I Zuvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Kzievbx KiviÕ ûKzg †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| C yj Avhnvi w`b cÖ_‡g Avj−vn&i Rb¨ C‡ì QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z nq, AZtci Zuvi bv‡g Kzievbx Ki‡Z nq| A‡bK gydvmwmi Gfv‡eB AvqvZwUi Zvdmxi K‡i‡Qb|3

(N) Avey ûivqiv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,

�/"6 /!1� ,�/�5�C./2 - -= @M/_12 4�-�/# a/�/� 1�-� -(�-R 4�/�� B�b� �D�� $�#� J Ômvg_© _vKv m‡Ë¡I †h e¨w³ Kzievbx Kij bv, †m †hb Avgv‡ì C`Mv‡ni wbKUeZ©x bv nqÕ|4

(O) GwU Bmjv‡gi GKwU Ôgnvb wb`k©bÕ ( ��)L ��)?), hv Ômybœv‡Z BeivnxgxÕ wnmv‡e ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wb‡R g`xbvq cÖwZ eQi Av`vq K‡i‡Qb Ges QvnvexMYI wbqwgZfv‡e Kzievbx K‡i‡Qb| AZtci AweiZ avivq gymwjg D¤§vn&i mvg_© evb‡ì g‡a¨ GwU Pvjy Av‡Q| GwU wKZve I mybœvn Ges BRgv‡q D¤§Z Øviv mycÖgvwYZ|5

(3) D‡Ïk¨

Kzievbxi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Avj−vnfxwZ AR©b Kiv| hv‡Z gvbyl GUv Dcjwä K‡i †h, Avj−vn&i we‡kl AbyMÖ‡ni Kvi‡YB kw³kvjx cï¸wj Zv‡ì gZ

3. wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn kin wgkKvZzj gvQvexn (jv‡¶èŠ Qvcvt 1958) 2/349; H,

(†ebvim Qvcvt 1995) 5/71 c„t| 4. Beby gvRvn, Avjevbx-Qnxn Beby gvRvn nv/2532; Avngv`, evqnvK¡x, nv‡Kg,

`vivKzrbx, wgiÔAvZ (†ebvim) 5/72; bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 6/227 c„t| 5. wgiÔAvZ 5/71, 73 c„t|

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ye©j‡ì AbyMZ n‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡ì †MvkZ, nvo-nvwÇ-g¾v BZ¨vwì g‡a¨ Zv‡ì Rb¨ iƒhx wba©vwiZ n‡q‡Q| Rv‡njx hy‡Mi Avieiv Avj−vn&i ˆbKU¨ nvwQ‡ji Amxjv wnmv‡e Zv‡ì g~wZ©i bv‡g Kzievbx KiZ| AZtci Zvi †Mvk‡Zi wKQy Ask g~wZ© wji gv_vq ivLZ I Zvi Dc‡i wKQy i³ wQwU‡q w`Z| †KDev D³ i³ KvÔev M„‡ni †Ìqv‡j †jcb KiZ| gymjgvb‡ì †KD †KD Abyiƒc Kivi wPš—v Ki‡j wb‡æi AvqvZwU bvwhj nq|6 Avj−vn e‡jb,

/# �/<1�4�1X3� /�6�� -c�/B,2 4�-� 4�3�4B5� d/�C.,0�� 1�3��/B,2 4�5�-� /# �/A1e�/�5� -f) FG�HV(J A_©t ÔKzievbxi cïi †MvkZ ev i³ Avj−vn&i wbK‡U †cuŠ‡Q bv| eis Zuvi wbK‡U †cuŠ‡Q †KejgvÎ †Zvgv‡ì ÔZvK¡IqvÕ ev Avj−vnfxwZÕ ( n¾

2 2 / 3 7 )|

(4) ûKzg : Kzievbx mybœv‡Z gyIqv°v`vn| GwU IqvwRe bq †h, †h‡Kvb g~‡j¨ cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Kzievbx Ki‡ZB n‡e| †jv‡Kiv hv‡Z GUv‡K IqvwRe g‡b bv K‡i, †mRb¨ mvg_© _vKv m‡Ë¡I nhiZ AveyeKi wQÏxK¡ (ivt) I Igi dviƒK¡ (ivt) A‡bK mgq Kzievbx Ki‡Zb bv| Avãyj−vn Be‡b Igi, Avãyj−vn Be‡b AveŸvm, †ejvj, Avey gvmE` AvbQvix cÖgyL Qvnvex †_‡KI Abyiƒc ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|7

(5) Zvrch© : (1) Avj−vn&i iv‡n Rxeb DrmM© Kivi Rvhev m„wó Kiv (2) Beivnx‡gi cyÎ Kzievbxi b¨vq Z¨vM-c~Z Av`k©‡K cybi“¾xweZ Kiv (3) DËg Lvbv-wcbvi gva¨‡g Cgvb`viM‡Yi g‡a¨ Avb‡›ì eb¨v eB‡q †Ìqv Ges (4) Avj−vn&i AbyMÖn‡K ¯§iY Kiv I Zuvi eoZ¡ cÖKvk Kiv|

6. Zvdmx‡i Be‡b KvQxi (êi“Z Qvcvt 1408/1988) 3/234; Zvdmx‡i KziZzex

(êi“Z Qvcvt 1405/1985) 12/65 c„t| 7. evqnvK¡x (nvq`vivev`, fviZt 1356 wnt; H, êi“Zt `vi“j gvÔwidvn, ZvwiL

wenxb) 9/264-266; wgiÔAvZ 5/72-73; Zvdmx‡i Be‡b KvQxi 3/234; Zvdmx‡i KziZzex 15/108-109 c„t|

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(6) dvhv‡qj

(K) gv Av‡qkv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,

1�),"57 /# O5g,)�� 5h�/�4A57 4�5� 5�6�� -�57 ,�/�-� 5�4X,B�� /g4�/2 K[/ / 4�5� /g/�i 1�4�� -[5 / �/� 4?-� /# �/<5"4#1�3.5� 5a/��/�5.C�� /g4�/2 �/94j1�-� 5� /�)5� 1k)-./�-� /g,�� 6(57 /# O�/<5=- Cl-� /# �/A5��/�

,2 C(-� -[4E-* K(�-�/ 5� �m�Cn/" �/<5� �4�1E4�5o-= O5p4�-qC��5� /k-.�D�� # dN��0�� $�#�J

ÔKzievbxi w`‡b i³ cªevwnZ Kivi †P‡q wcÖq Avgj Avj−vn&i wbK‡U Avi wKQy †bB| H e¨w³ wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Kzievbxi cïi wks, †jvg I ¶zi mg~n wb‡q nvwhi n‡e| Avi Kyievbxi i³ hgx‡b cwZZ nIqvi Av‡MB Zv Avj−vn&i wbK‡U we‡kl gh©v`vi ¯’v‡b †cuŠ‡Q hvq| AZGe †Zvgiv Kzievbx Øviv wb‡R‡ì bd&m‡K cweÎ KiÕ|8

(L) whjnv¾ gv‡mi 1g `k‡Ki dhxjZ

Avãyj−vn Be‡b AveŸvm (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,

C�� Kg�,2-� 4�5� �/� �)/2 �4�3��-* 5r/�/s/�C�� 5g�,2-�C�� 5$5NA 4�5� 5� �-�57 t�/�-� ,�5<4�5= 1M5��,!�� 3[/ /� u[1D/� 6f57 5� 5[4�5E/� 4�5= 1��/<5vC�� -f/# -c�-* w5� 5[4�5E/� �5= 1��/<5vC�� -f /# 5� -c4�1�/�

5�5��/� /# 5�5�Cn/B5� /x/�/;td��yE�� $�#� Kz4�/s5� /Y5�-{ 4�5� 4k5D4�/2 4�-�-= J

Ôwhjnv¾ gv‡mi 1g `k‡Ki †bK Avg‡ji †P‡q wcÖqZi †Kvb Avgj Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q †bB| Qvnvev‡q †Kivg ej‡jb, †n ivm~j! Avj−vn&i iv —vq wRnvÌ bq? ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, wRnvÌ bq| Z‡e H e¨w³, †h

8. wZiwghx, Beby gvRvn, wgkKvZ-Avjevbx (êi“Z Qvcvt 1405/1985),

nv/1470; H, wgiÔAvZ mn nv/1487, mb` ÔnvmvbÕ| Bebyj ÔAvivex e‡jb †h, Kzievbxi dhxjZ eY©bvq †Kvb Qnxn nv`xQ cvIqv hvq bvÕ| Qv‡n‡e wgiÔAvZ e‡jb, wewfbœ ÔkvIqv‡n`Õ -Gi Kvi‡Y m¤¢eZt Bgvg wZiwghx nv`xQwU‡K ÔnvmvbÕ e‡j‡Qb| `ªt wgiÔAvZ 2/362-63 c„t; H, 5/104; ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx kin wZiwghx (Kvq‡iv Qvcvt 1987) 5/75 c„t|

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wb‡Ri Rvb I gvj wb‡q †ewi‡q‡Q, Avi wd‡i Av‡mwb (A_©vr kvnv`vZ eiY K‡i‡Q)Õ|9

(M) Avivdvi w`‡bi wQqvg

Ave~ K¡vZv`vn (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,

t2 C(-� 5� �-�/ 1�5�/04�-� -a-=/�/ 5g4�/2 1g�/�5| 4�506�� -a/B,��/# 1�-�4E-* 4�506�� -a/B,�� /�Zn-� 1$/)4�/� �� $�#�J

ÔAvivdvi w`‡bi bdj wQqvg (hviv Avivdv‡Zi evB‡i _v‡Kb Zv‡ì Rb¨) Avwg Avj−vn&i wbKU Avkv Kwi †h, Zv weMZ GK eQ‡ii I cieZx© GK eQ‡ii ¸bv‡ni Kvddviv n‡eÕ|10

(7) Kzievbxi BwZnvm Avj−vn e‡jb,

3RCN/�Z� ��/�4B/� �/BC�/�/D Ka,�3� Z[3�5�/# 4�@� 4�1<-*/}/� �/� �-�/ 5� /�4�� #1�g 5g�/�4"-qC�� 5a/ 4�5</�~ �)�5b-= �4�1 5�4�-� 1�-�-= :5��,# 1�)�57 4�3�1<~/�4�505E4y1 C�� 5�@s/� /# J ) FG�H�(J

ÔcÖ‡Z¨K D¤§‡Zi Rb¨ Avgiv Kzievbxi weavb †i‡LwQjvg, hv‡Z Zviv hen Kivi mgq Avj−vn&i bvg ¯§iY K‡i GRb¨ †h, wZwb PZz®ú` Mevw` cï †_‡K Zv‡ì Rb¨ wiwhK wba©viY K‡i‡Qb| Abš—i †Zvgv‡ì Dcvm¨ gvÎ GKRb| AZGe Zuvi wbK‡U †Zvgiv AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki Ges Avcwb webqx‡ì mymsev` cÖ vb Ki“bÕ ( n¾ 2 2 / 3 4)|

Av`g (Avt) -Gi yB cyÎ K¡vexj I nvexj -Gi †Ìqv Kzievbx †_‡KB Kzievbxi BwZnv‡mi †MvovcËb n‡q‡Q| Zvici †_‡K weMZ mKj D¤§‡Zi Dc‡i GUv Rvwi wQj| Z‡e †mB me Kzievbxi wbqg-Kvb~b Avgv‡ì‡K Rvbv‡bv nqwb| gymwjg D¤§vn&i Dc‡i †h Kzievbxi wbqg wba©vwiZ n‡q‡Q, Zv g~jZt Beivnxg (Avt) KZ©„K cyÎ BmgvCj (Avt)-†K Avj−vn&i iv‡n Kzievbx †Ìqvi Abymi‡Y Ômybœv‡Z BeivnxgxÕ wnmv‡e Pvjy 9. eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/1460 ÔQvjvZÕ Aa¨vq ÔKzievbxÕ Aby‡”Q`| 10. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/2044 ÔQIgÕ Aa¨vq, Ôbdj wQqvgÕ Aby‡”Q`|

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n‡q‡Q|11 hv gyK¡xg I gymvwdi me©ve¯’vq cvjbxq|12 ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) gv`vbx Rxe‡b `k eQi wbqwgZ Kzievbx K‡i‡Qb|13

Beivnxgx Kzievbxi msw¶ß BwZnvm eY©bv K‡i Avj−vn e‡jb,

,�/B1��/2 -c�-* /�4�,�� 1�/�/� -�-�/� �, -�-= @"-� 5g�/B/ C�� 5= d/�-� 4�@"5� �-{�)/� 4�3L4"�)-= /Y1X/�C{-� 4�d/�/9~ /�425�5��,!)�� /�5� �� P/? C(57 4�5"15v/0/� 1�/�4j19 �/� C[/�C=� 5�/�-�-�2 -c�-* J �), -�-=

-� 5�4�5E/vC�5� 1�6�/9 /# �/ -�4�J �,2 C(-� 1$�/B42/��/" /# 571�4�5A�/�4�J ,/| 4-* �/24et�� /�C*x /Y5��-N-R �,"57 /�4�5B5�4X1 C�� d5�4v/"J 1�4�5E1 C�� - /EC�� /�1<-� �-NA 6(57 J K�4�5L/ KM4�5N5� 1$�/B42/-=/# J �/BCR/�/9 /# /�425�5;PC�� 5= 5�4�-�/ J- /� /�4�5A�/�4�57 �-�/ :gJ )١٠٩−١٠٢א��(−

ÔhLb †m (BmgvCj) Zvi wcZvi mv‡_ Pjv‡div Kivi eq‡m DcbxZ nÕj, ZLb wZwb (Beivnxg) Zv‡K ej‡jb, †n erm! Avwg ¯‡cœ †`‡LwQ †h, Avwg †Zvgv‡K hen KiwQ| AZGe ej, †Zvgvi gZvgZ wK? †Q‡j ejj, †n AveŸv! Avcbv‡K hv wb‡ ©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q, Zv cÖwZcvjb Ki“b| BbkvAvj−vn Avcwb Avgv‡K âh©kxj‡ì g‡a¨ cv‡ebÕ (QvddvZ 37/102)| AZtci hLb wcZv I cyÎ AvZ¥mgc©Y Kij Ges wcZv cyÎ‡K Dcyo K‡i †djjÕ (103), ÔZLb Avgiv Zv‡K WvK w`jvg, †n Beivnxg (104)! ÔwbðqB Zzwg †Zvgvi ¯cœ m‡Z¨ cwiYZ K‡iQ| Avgiv Ggwbfv‡e mrKg©kxj ev›`v‡ì cyi®‹…Z K‡i _vwKÕ (105)| ÔwbðqB GwU GKwU my úó cix¶vÕ (106)| ÔAvi Avgiv Zvi (A_©vr BmgvC‡ji) cwie‡Z© hen Kivi Rb¨ w`jvg GKwU gnvb KzievbxÕ (107)| ÔGes Avgiv GwU‡K (A_©vr Kzievbxi G cÖ_vwU‡K) cieZ©x‡ì‡K g‡a¨ †i‡L w`jvgÕ (108)| ÔBeivnx‡gi Dc‡i kvwš— ewl©Z †nvKÕ (109)!

nhiZ Beivnxg (Avt)-Gi 86 ermi eq‡m BmgvCj wewe nv‡Rivi M‡f© Ges 99 eQi eq‡m BmnvK¡ wewe mvivn&i M‡f© Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Beivnxg (Avt) me©‡gvU 200 eQi †eu‡P wQ‡jb|14 11. kvIKvbx, bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 6/228 c„t| 12. Zvdmx‡i KziZzex (êi“Z: 1405/1985) 15/109 c„t; bvqj 6/255c„t| 13. wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/1475 ÔQvjvZÕ Aa¨vq, ÔKzievbxÕ Aby‡”Q`|

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NUbv: dvi©v e‡jb, he‡ni mgq BmgvC‡ji eqm wQj 13 eQi| Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb, H mgq wZwb †Kej mvevjK‡Z¡ DcbxZ n‡qwQ‡jb|15 Ggb mgq wcZv Beivnxg ¯‡cœ †`L‡jb †h, wZwb e„× eq‡mi GKgvÎ mš—vb bq‡bi cyËwj BmgvCj‡K Kzievbx Ki‡Qb| bex‡ì ¯cœ ÔAwnÕ n‡q _v‡K| Zv‡ì P¶z gyw`Z _vK‡jI Aš—iP¶z †Lvjv _v‡K| Beivnxg (Avt) GKB ¯cœ cici wZbivwÎ †`‡Lb| cÖ_g iv‡Z wZwb ¯cœ †`‡L Nyg †_‡K D‡V fve‡Z _v‡Kb, wK Ki‡eb| GRb¨ cÖ_g ivZ‡K (8B whjnv¾) ÔBqvDgyZ ZviweqvnÕ ) a)2#�0�� g�)2( ev Ô¯cœ †`Lv‡bvi w`bÕ ejv nq| wØZxq iv‡Z cybivq GKB ¯cœ †`Lvi ci wZwb wbwðZfv‡e eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h, GUv Avj−vn&i c¶ nÕ‡Z wb‡ ©k n‡q‡Q| GRb¨ G w`bwU (9B whjnv¾) ÔBqvDgy AvivdvÕ ) a)=� g�2 ( ev ÔwbwðZ nIqvi w`bÕ ejv nq| Z…Zxq w`‡b cybivq GKB ¯cœ †`Lvq wZwb †Q‡j‡K Kzievbx Kivi e¨vcv‡i wm×vš— †bb| GRb¨ G w`bwU‡K (10B whjnv¾) ÔBqvDgyb bvniÕ )�XB�� g�2( ev ÔKzievbxi w`bÕ ejv nq |16

GB mgq Beivnxg (Avt) kqZvb‡K wZb ¯’v‡b wZbevi mvZwU K‡i cv_‡ii KsKi Qyu‡o gv‡ib|17 D³ mybœvZ Abymi‡Y D¤§‡Z gynv¤§v`xI n‡¾i mgq wZb Rvgivq wZbevi kqZv‡bi wei“‡× KsKi wb‡¶c K‡i _v‡K Ges cÖwZev‡i Avj−vn&i eoZ¡ †NvlYv K‡i ÔAvj−vû AvKeviÕ e‡j _v‡K|18

nhiZ Avãyj−vn Beby AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡K Qnxn mb‡` gymbv‡` Avngv‡`19 ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, Beivnxg (Avt) †Q‡j‡K Kzievbxi cÖ ‘wZ wb‡jb Ges 14. Zvdmx‡i Be‡b KvQxi 4/16; gyIqvË¡v, Zvdmx‡i KziZzex 2/98-99 c„t| 15. Zvdmx‡i KziZzex 15/99 c„t| 16. Zvdmx‡i KziZzex 15/102 c„t| 17. Zvdmx‡i KziZzex 15/106 c„t| 18. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK, wgkKvZ nv/2621, 2626 Ôn¾Õ Aa¨vq,

ÔKsKi wb‡¶cÕ Aby‡”Q`| 19. gymbv‡` Avngv` nv/2707, ZvnK¡xK¡: Avngv` kvwKi 1/297c„t; mb` Qnxn,

ZvnK¡xK¡ Zvdmx‡i Be‡b KvQxi (Kvq‡iv Qvcvt `vi“j nv`xQ 2002) 7/28 c„t|

10

11

Zv‡K gvwU‡Z Dcyo K‡i †dj‡jb| Ggb mgq wcQb †_‡K AvIqvh G‡jv ) �)/24et�� /�C*,)/| 4)-* 1�4�5A�/�4�5� �/2( Ô†n Beivnxg! Zzwg ¯cœ mv_©K K‡iQÕ

(QvddvZ 105)| Beivnxg wcQb wd‡i †`‡Lb †h, GKwU my›ì wksIqvjv I †PvLIqvjv mv`v y¤v ) 1�/�)4 -� 3(/�C*-� 1�/�4�-� :�4E-R( uvwo‡q Av‡Q| AZtci wZwb †mwU wgbv cÖvš—‡i (ÔQvexiÕ Uxjvi cv`‡`‡k) Kzievbx K‡ib| Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb, GRb¨ Avgiv Kzievbxi mgq Abyiƒc QvMj- y¤v Lyu‡R _vwK|20 wZwb e‡jb, H y¤vwU wQj nvex‡ji Kzievbx, hv Rvbœv‡Z wQj, hv‡K Avj−vn BmgvC‡ji wd &Bqv wnmv‡e cvwV‡qwQ‡jb|21 Beivnxg D³ y¤vwU †Q‡ji wd &Bqv wnmv‡e Kzievbx Ki‡jb I †Q‡j‡K ey‡K Rwo‡q

a‡i ej‡jb ) �/2/B1� 4�)5� /�4E5A1# /g4�/�C�-� ,�( Ô†n cyÎ! AvRB †Zvgv‡K Avgvi Rb¨ `vb Kiv nÕj|22

wbtm‡›`‡n GLv‡b g~j D‡Ïk¨ hen wQjbv, eis D‡Ïk¨ wQj wcZv-cy‡Îi AvbyMZ¨ I ZvK¡Iqvi cix¶v †bIqv| †m cix¶vq Df‡q DËxY© n‡qwQ‡jb wcZvi c~Y© cÖ ‘wZ Ges cy‡Îi ¯Ztù‚Z© m¤§wZ I AvbyM‡Zï gva¨‡g|

Bgvg KziZzex Dc‡iv³ 107 bs AvqvZ K�4�5L/ KM4�5N5� 1$�/B42/-=/# D‡j−L K‡i e‡jb, G AvqvZwU `jxj nÕj G wel‡q †h, DU I Mi“i †P‡q QvMj Kzievbx Kiv DËgÕ| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wb‡RI wksIqvjv yÕ‡Uv K‡i ÔLvwmÕ Kzievbx w`‡Zb| A‡bK weØvb e‡j‡Qb, hw` Gi PvB‡Z DËg wKQy _vKZ, Z‡e Avj−vn ZvB w`‡q BmgvC‡ji wd &Bqv w`‡ZbÕ|23 Z‡e DU, Mi“, †fov ev QvMj Øviv Kzievbxi e¨vcv‡i ¯úó nv`xQ i‡q‡Q Ges Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt) n‡¾i mgq Mi“ I DU Kzievbx K‡i‡Qb|

20. Zvdmx‡i Be‡b KvQxi 4/17 c„t; H, ZvnK¡xK¡, mb` Qnxn 7/28 c„t | 21. Zvdmx‡i KziZzex 15/107 c„t| 22. Zvdmx‡i KziZzex 15/107 c„t| 23. Zvdmx‡i KziZzex 15/107 c„t|

11

12

2. Kzievbxi gvmv‡qj

(1) Pzj-bL bv KvUv: D‡¤§ mvjvgvn (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,

/# 1�4s)/�C�� -[/;/� �-{57 /�6�/� /# 5�4�-�/ �� 6�/| 5� 3c4�1�/� -c�-* 4�-��-* -a/ -�/� @g3� 4�/ /# 5$5�4�/? 4�5� ,�1 /2 - -= /�@X/_t2 C(-� 4�3�1_4�/� /��/�-� �� $�#� ��4�/? 5$5��-nCl-� ��} #

t�>��B�� :/�@X/_12 �,0/�J Ô†Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv Kzievbx †Ìqvi Giv`v iv‡L, Zviv †hb whjnv¾ gv‡mi Puv` IVvi ci nÕ‡Z Kzievbx m¤úbœ Kiv ch©š— ¯ ¯ Pzj I bL KZ©b Kiv nÕ‡Z weiZ _v‡KÕ|24

(L) Kzievbx w`‡Z A¶g e¨w³MY Kzievbxi Lv‡jQ wbq‡Z GUv Ki‡j ÔAvj−vn&i wbK‡U Zv c~Y©v½ KzievbxÕ wnmv‡e )50/�5X�3� 1g�� Y�N=� /4B5 /Y( Õ M„nxZ n‡e|25

(M) Bgvg beex e‡jb, ÔDnvi Zvrch© nÕj hv‡Z AKwZ©Z bL Pzj mn c~Y©v½ †`n wb‡q gywgb ev›`v Rvnvbœvg †_‡K gyw³ cvqÕ|26 ZvQvov Gi Zvrch© GUvI nÕ‡Z cv‡i †h, BmgvCj (Avt) nvwmgy‡L Zuvi Rxeb w`‡q Avj−vn&i ûKzg cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi Abymi‡Y Avgiv Avgv‡ì †`‡ni GKUv Ask bL-Pzj BZ¨vw` Kzievbx w`‡q g‡bi g‡a¨ GB msKí Ki‡Z cvwi †h, Avj−vn&i Øx‡bi LvwZ‡i cÖ‡qvR‡b AvgivI BmgvC‡ji b¨vq Rxeb Kzievbx w`‡Z cÖ ‘Z| Gi d‡j Avgiv bexi mybœvZ Abymi‡Yi †bKx †Zv 24. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/1459; bvmvC, wgiÔAvZ nv/1474-Gi e¨vL¨v, 5/86 c„t| 25. Avey vE`, bvmvC, wgkKvZ nv/1479; wgiÔAvZ nv/1493, 5/117 c„t;

ÔAvZxivnÕ Aby‡”Q`; nv‡Kg (êi“Zt Zvwe), 4/223 c„t| nv‡Kg G‡K Qnxn e‡j‡Qb I hvnvex Zv‡K mg_©b K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, AÎ nv`x‡Qi mb‡` Cmv Be‡b †njvj AvQ-Qv`vdx i‡q‡Qb| Ôhvi e¨vcv‡i Avgvi wbK‡U AcwiwPwZ i‡q‡Q ) �� ى�� ( Õ| Beby Avex nv‡Zg G wel‡q wKQy e‡jbwb| Z‡e Beby wneŸvb Zuv‡K wek¦ — e‡j‡Qb| hwÌ KvD‡K wek¦ — ejvi e¨vcv‡i Zuvi D`viZv mycwiwPZÕ| `ªt H, wgkKvZ 1/466 c„t UxKv-2

26. kvIKvbx, bvqjzj AvIZ¡vi, 6/233 c„t|

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13

cveB, Dciš‘ ÔØx‡bi Rb¨ gyRvwn` †e‡k g„Zz ei‡Yi AvKvsLv †cvl‡Yi Kvi‡Y Ôgybv‡dKx nvj‡Z g„Zz eiYÕ †_‡K †eu‡P hve BbkvAvj−vn|27

yf©vM¨, GB mybœvZwU eZ©gv‡b gymwjg mgvR cÖvq fyj‡Z e‡m‡Q|

(2) Kzievbxi cï: (K) Dnv wZb cÖKvit DU, Mi“ I QvMj| y¤v I †fov QvM‡ji g‡a¨ MY¨| cÖ‡Z¨KwUi bi I gvw`| G¸wji evB‡i Ab¨ cï w`‡q Kzievbx Kivi cÖgvY ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kivg †_‡K cvIqv hvq bv|28 Bgvg kv‡dC (int) e‡jb, ÔDc‡i ewY©Z cï¸wj e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb cï Øviv Kzievbx wm× n‡e bvÕ|29

(L) QvMj Kzievbx KivB DËg| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) g`xbvq _vKvKvjxb mg‡q DU, Mi“ cvIqv m‡Ë¡I me© v ÔLvwmÕ Kzievbx w`‡Zb|30 BmgvC‡ji wewbg‡q RvbœvZx cïi †h Kzievbx †Ìqv nq, †mUvI wQj y¤v| Z‡e i³ cÖevwnZ Kivi we‡ePbvq Rgn~i weØvbM‡Yi wbK‡U DËg nÕj DU AZtci Mi“ AZtci y¤v I QvMj-†fov|31

(M) ÔLvwmÕ Kzievbx wbtm‡›`‡n Rv‡qh eis DËg| KviY ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wb‡R g`xbvq gyK¡xg GgbwK gymvwdi Ae¯’vqI me© v yÕwU K‡i ÔLvwmÕ

)/�4� )1D4�->4�5�( Kzievbx w`‡Zb|32 Qnxn eyLvixi me©‡kl fvl¨Kvi Avngv` Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx (int) e‡jb, ÔLvwmÕ Kivi Kvi‡Y †KD †KD GUv‡K LyurIqvjv cï e‡j Acm›` K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ g~jZt GwU †Kvb Lyur

27. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3813 ÔwRnv`Õ Aa¨vq| 28. AvbÔAvg 6/143-44; wgiÔAvZ 5/81 c„t; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/29 c„t| 29. wKZveyj D¤§ (êi“Z Qvcvt ZvwiL wenxb) 2/223 c„t| 30. kvIKvbx, Avm-mvqjyj Rviivi (êi“Z Qvcvt ZvwiL wenxb), 4/88 c„t;

QvbÔAvbx, myeyjym mvjvg kin eyj~ j gvivg (Kvq‡iv Qvcvt 1407/1987) 4/185 c„t; Zvdmx‡i KziZzex 15/107 c„t|

31. bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 6/235 c„t; wgiÔAvZ 5/80 c„t| 32. evqnvK¡x 9/268; wgkKvZ nv/1461; Avjevbx, BiIqvDj Mvjxj (êi“Z Qvcvt

1405/1985), 4/351 mb` ÔnvmvbÕ|

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14

bq| eis Gi d‡j †MvkZ i“wPKi nq, yM©Ü ~ixf~Z nq I my v y nq|33 Beby Kz vgv e‡jb, LvwmB Kzievbxi Rb¨ h‡_ó| †Kbbv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) yÕwU Lvwm w`‡qB Kzievbx Ki‡Zb|34 m~iv‡q wbmv 119 Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq

mvaviYfv‡e cï‡K `vMv‡bv I Lvwm bv Kiv wel‡q K‡qKRb Qvnvex I Zv‡eCi gZvgZ35 Kzievbxi cïi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| KviY G wel‡q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi wbqwgZ AvgjB AMÖMY¨ I AbymiYxq|

(N) Kzievbxi cï myVvg, my›ì I wbLuyZ nIqv PvB| Pvi ai‡bi cï Kzievbx Kiv bvRv‡qh| h_vt ¯úó †Luvov, ¯úó Kvbv, ¯úó †ivMx I RxY©kxY© Ges A‡a©K Kvb KvUv ev wQ ª Kiv I A‡a©K wks fv½v|36 Gm‡ei PvB‡Z wbgœ —‡ii †Kvb †`vl †hgb A‡a©K †jR KvUv BZ¨vw` _vK‡j Zvi ØvivI Kzievbx n‡e bv| Z‡e wbLuyZ cï µ‡qi ci hw` bZzb K‡i Lyur nq ev cyiv‡bv †Kvb †`vl †ewi‡q Av‡m, ZvnÕ‡j H cï ØvivB Kzievbx ‰ea n‡e|37

(3) ÔgywmbœvnÕ Øviv Kzievbx:

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,

5(Cq,_)�� /�)@� a/ CN1D �4�1X/�CN/0-= 4�3�4�-�/ /�1�4�,2 C(-� 6f57 a,B5�1� 6f57 � 4�1X/�CN/9 -f $�#��-

A_©t Ô†Zvgiv y‡a uvZ †f‡½ bZzb uvZ IVv (gywmbœvn) cï e¨ZxZ hen K‡iv bv| Z‡e KóKi nÕ‡j GK eQi c~Y©Kvix †fov ( y¤v ev QvMj)

33. Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx, dvrûj evix kin Qnxûj eyLvix (Kvq‡iv Qvcvt 1407

wnt) 10/12 c„t| 34. wgiÔAvZ (†ebvim Qvcv) 5/91 c„t| 35. Zvdmx‡i Be‡b KvQxi, m~iv wbmv 119; 1/569 c„t| 36. gyIqvË¡v, wZiwghx cÖf…wZ wgkKvZ nv/1465, 1463, 1464; wdK¡ûm mybœvn

(Kvq‡iv Qvcvt 1412/1992) 2/30 c„t| 37. wgiÔAvZ 2/363; H, 5/99 c„t|

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15

Kzievbx Ki‡Z cviÕ|38 Rgn~i weØvbMY Ab¨vb¨ nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K GB nv`x‡Q wb‡ ©wkZ ÔgywmbœvnÕ cï‡K Kzievbxi Rb¨ ÔDËgÕ wnmv‡e MY¨ K‡i‡Qb|39

ÔgywmbœvnÕ cï lô eQ‡i c`vc©YKvix DU Ges Z…Zxq eQ‡i c`vc©YKvix Mi“ ev QvMj-†fov- y¤v‡K ejv nq|40 †Kbbv GB eq‡m mvaviYZt GB me cïi y‡a uvZ †f‡½ bZzb uvZ D‡V _v‡K| Z‡e A‡bK cïi eqm †ekx I üócyó nIqv m‡Ë¡I mwVK mg‡q uvZ I‡V bv| Gme cï Øviv Kzievbx Kiv BbkvAvj−vn †Kvb †`v‡li n‡e bv|

(4) wb‡Ri I wbR cwiev‡ii c¶ nÕ‡Z GKwU cïB h‡_ó:

(K) gv Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) GKwU wksIqvjv my›ì mv`v-Kv‡jv y¤v Avb‡Z ej‡jb.... AZtci wb‡gœv³ †`vÔAv co‡jb,

-� 5� 5�4�5�t� �5� C[,E-./9 ,�1<��K, /X1� 5a,�3� 4�5� ,# K, /X1� 5ci ,# K, /X �� $�#�J ÔAvj−vn&i bv‡g (Kzievbx KiwQ), †n Avj−vn! Zzwg GwU Keyj Ki gynv¤§v‡ì c¶ nÕ‡Z, Zvi cwiev‡ii c¶ nÕ‡Z I Zvi D¤§‡Zi c¶ nÕ‡ZÕ| Gici D³ y¤v Øviv Kzievbx Ki‡jbÕ|41

(L) we`vq n‡¾ Avivdvi w`‡b mg‡eZ RbgÊjx‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,

r/�)4�50/ /# a/�5X)4�3� Kg�/ Z[3R 4�5= K�4�/� 5[4A-� Z[3R �-�/ 6(57 1��,B�� /<t2-� P/2... �#� $�N��0��e��# J

38. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/1455; bvmvC ZvÔjxK¡vZ mn (jv‡nvi Qvcvt ZvwiL wenxb),

2/196 c„t| 39. wgiÔAvZ (jv‡¶èŠ) 2/353 c„t; H, (†ebvim) 5/80 c„t| 40. wgiÔAvZ, 2/352 c„t; H, 5/78-79 c„t| 41. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/1454|

15

16

Ô†n RbMY! wbðqB cÖ‡Z¨K cwiev‡ii Dc‡i cÖwZ eQi GKwU K‡i Kzievbx I AvZxivnÕ| Avey vE` e‡jb, ÔAvZxivnÕ cÖ v‡bi ûKzg c‡i iwnZ Kiv nq|42

(M) Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi g‡a¨ cwievi wcQy GKwU K‡i eKix Kzievbxi †iIqvR wQj| †hgb Qvnvex Avey AvBq~e AvbQvix (ivt) e‡jb,

�),0/� -(4�)1 5�Co12 /# -(4�3�3RCq/�-= 5�504�/� 5[4A-� 4�/ /# 1�4B/ 5r�,s��5� 4�@X/_12 3[1D,�� -(�-R�D�� # dN��0�� $�#� d/�/9 �/ -R 4S/��/!-= 1��,B�� /�5A�/E19J

A_©t ÔGKRb †jvK GKwU eKix Øviv wb‡Ri I wb‡Ri cwiev‡ii c¶ nÕ‡Z Kzievbx w`‡Zb| AZtci Zv †L‡Zb I Ab¨‡K LvIqv‡Zb Ges Gfv‡e †jv‡Kiv eovB KiZ| GB wbqg ivm~‡ji hyM nÕ‡Z P‡j Avm‡Q †hgb Zzwg †`LQÕ|43

(N) GKB g‡g© abvX¨ Qvnvex Avey mvixnv (ivt) cÖgyLvr Qnxn mb‡` ewY©Z Beby gvRvn&i GKwU nv`xQ44 D×„Z K‡i Bgvg kvIKvbx e‡jb, �� G�#

�� aB�)�� Y�N� �_* � R ��R� #� �n" a>�� "�R (7 # ��E�� [A� � ÔmwVK K_v GB †h, GKwU eKix GKwU cwiev‡ii c¶ nÕ‡Z h‡_ó, hwÌ

42. wZiwghx, Avey `vE` cÖf„wZ, wgkKvZ nv/1478; wgiÔAvZ nv/1492, 5/114-15

c„t| nv`xQwUi mb` Ôkw³kvjxÕ (Beby nvRvi, dvrûj evix 10/6 c„t); mb` ÔnvmvbÕ Avjevbx, Qnxn bvmvC (êi“Zt 1988) nv/3940; Qnxn Avey vD` (êi“Zt 1989), nv/2421; Qnxn wZiwghx (êi“Zt 1988) nv/1225; Qnxn Beby gvRvn (êi“Zt 1989) nv/2533| Bgvg wZiwghx I evMvfx e‡jb, PviwU m¤§vwbZ gv‡mi cÖ_g I c„_K gvm wnmv‡e iRe gv‡mi m¤§v‡b †jv‡Kiv †h Kzievbx KiZ, Zv‡K ÔAvZxivnÕ ev ÔivRxevnÕ ejv nÕZ (kviûm mybœvn, êi“Z: 1403/1983) nv/1228-Gi e¨vL¨v, 4/350 c„t; wgiÔAvZ 5/111 c„t)| kvIKvbx e‡jb, cÖwZ eQi iRe gv‡mi cÖ_g `k‡K †h Kzievbx Kiv nÕZ, Zv‡KB ÔivRxevnÕ ev ÔAvZxivnÕ ejv nq| Bgvg befx e‡jb, AvZxivn&i GB e¨vL¨vq mKj weØvb GKgZ n‡q‡QbÕ (bvqj 6/270 c„t)|

43. Qnxn wZiwghx, nv/1216; Qnxn Beby gvRvn, nv/2546; wgiÔAvZ 2/367 c„t; H, 5/114 c„t|

44. Qnxn Beby gvRvn nv/2547|

16

17

†mB cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v kZvwaK nq Ges Gfv‡eB wbqg P‡j Avm‡QÕ|45

(O) wgkKv‡Zi fvl¨Kvi Ievq yj−vn gyeviKcyix (int) e‡jb, hviv GKwU QvMj GKR‡bi Rb¨ wbw ©ó e‡jb Ges D³ nv`xQ¸wj‡K GKK e¨w³i Kzievbx‡Z cwiev‡ii mK‡ji QIqv‡e Askx`vi nIqvi ÔZvexjÕ K‡ib ev LvQ ûKzg g‡b K‡ib wKsev nv`xQ¸wj‡K Ôgvbm~LÕ ej‡Z Pvb, Zuv‡ì GBme `vex cÖKvk¨ Qnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax Ges Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vZ I wbQK `vex gvÎÕ|46

(P) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) g`xbvq gyK¡xg Ae¯’vq wbR cwievi I D¤§‡Zi c¶ nÕ‡Z yÕwU K‡i ÔLvwmÕ Ges n‡¾i md‡i wgbvq Mi“ I DU Kzievbx K‡i‡Qb|47

(5) Kzievbx‡Z kixK nIqv: Avãyj−vn Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb,

K�-n/� 4�5= /�6�/� /# 5�4�-�/ �� 6�/| 5� 5c4�1�/� /k/� �,B3R �/BCR/�/0)4?�-= �/X4�-qC�� /�/_/X-= ��B�b� �D�� # �>��B��# dN��0�� $�#� ur/�/s/ 5�4�5�/EC�� 5= /# ua/�4E/� 5r/�-./EC�� 5=

��E�� * � R M�X|J (K) A_©t ÔAvgiv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi mv‡_ GK md‡i wQjvg| GgZve¯’vq Kzievbxi C` Dcw¯’Z nÕj| ZLb Avgiv mvZR‡b GKwU Mi“ I `kR‡b GKwU D‡U kixK nÕjvgÕ|48

(L) nhiZ Rvwei (ivt) e‡jb, ÔAvgiv Avj−vn&i ivm~‡ji mv‡_ n¾ I Igivn&i md‡i mv_x wQjvg|... ZLb Avgiv GKwU Mi“ I D‡U mvZRb K‡i kixK n‡qwQjvgÕ|49 md‡i mvZ ev `kRb wg‡j GKwU cwiev‡ii 45. bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 6/244 c„t| 46. wgiÔAvZ 2/351; H, 5/76 c„t | 47. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/1453; eyLvix (gxivU Qvcvt 1328 wnt) 1/231

c„t; Qnxn Ave~ vE` nv/1539 | 48. wZiwghx, bvmvC, Beby gvRvn, wgkKvZ, nv/1469 mb` Qnxn| 49. gymwjg (êi“Zt 1983) nv/1318|

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b¨vq| hv‡Z Mi“ ev D‡Ui b¨vq eo cï hen I KzUvevQv Ges †MvkZ e›Ub mnR nq| Rgn~i weØvbM‡Yi g‡Z n‡¾i nv &Ci b¨vq Kzievbx‡ZI kixK nIqv Pj‡e|50

(M) nhiZ Avbvm (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) n‡¾i md‡i wgbvq wbR nv‡Z 7wU DU (Ab¨ eY©bvq Gi AwaK) uvov‡bv Ae¯’vq ÔbniÕ K‡i‡Qb Ges g`xbvq (gyK¡xg Ae¯’vq) yÕwU my›ì wksIqvjv ÔLvwmÕ Kzievbx K‡i‡QbÕ| nhiZ Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, we`vq n‡¾i mgq ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zuvi mdim½x ¯¿x I cwiev‡ii c¶ nÕ‡Z GKwU Mi“ Kzievbx K‡ibÕ|51 Aek¨ g°vq (wgbvq) bniK…Z DU¸wj QvnvexM‡Yi c¶ †_‡KI nÕ‡Z cv‡i|

Av‡jvPbv: Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi nv`xQwU bvmvC, wZiwghx I Beby gvRvn‡Z, Rvwei (ivt) ewY©Z nv`xQwU gymwjg I Avey vE‡` Ges Avbvm (ivt) ewY©Z nv`xQwU eyLvix‡Z msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| gymwjg I eyLvix‡Z h_vµ‡g Ôn¾Õ I ÔgvbvwmKÕ Aa¨v‡q Ges mybv‡b ÔKzievbxÕ Aa¨v‡q nv`xQ¸wj G‡m‡Q| †hgb (1) wZiwghx ÔKzievbx‡Z kixK nIqvÕ Aa¨v‡q Beby AveŸvm, Rvwei I Avjx (ivt) †_‡K †gvU wZbwU nv`xQ G‡b‡Qb| hvi g‡a¨ cÖ_g yÕwU md‡ii Kzievbx I †k‡liwU‡Z †Kvb e¨vL¨v †bB|52 (2) Beby gvRvn D³ g‡g©i wk‡ivbv‡g Beby AveŸvm, Rv‡ei, Avey ûivqiv I Av‡qkv (ivt) nÕ‡Z †h cuvPwU nv`xQ ( 3 1 3 1 - 3 4 b s) G‡b‡Qb, Zvi me¸wjB md‡i Kzievbx msµvš—| (3) bvmvC †KejgvÎ Beby AveŸvm I Rvwei (ivt) †_‡K c~‡e©i yÕwU nv`xQ ( 2 3 97 - 98 b s) G‡b‡Qb (4) Avey vE` ïaygvÎ Rvwei (ivt)-Gi c~e© ewY©Z md‡i Kzievbxi nv`xQwU G‡b‡Qb wZbwU Qnxn mb‡` ( 2 807 - 9 b s), hvi g‡a¨ 2808 bs nv`xQwU‡Z Ka/�4E/� 4�/ 1�4#1�/vC��/# Ka/�4E/� 4�/ 3r/�-./EC�-�( ) †Kvb e¨vL¨v †bB|

50. wgiÔAvZ 2/355 c„t; H, 5/84 c„t| 51. eyLvix (gxivU Qvcvt 1328 wnt) 1/231 c„t; Avjevbx-Qnxn Avey vE` nv/1539| 52. wZiwghx Zzndv mn, nv/1537-40, 5/87-88 c„t|

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weåv‡Ui KviY: wgkKvZ kix‡d Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi md‡ii nv`xQwU (bs 1469) Ges Rvwei (ivt) ewY©Z e¨vL¨vk~b¨ nv`xQwU (bs 1458) msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| m¤¢eZt Rvwei (ivt) ewY©Z ÔgyZ¡jvK¡Õ ev e¨vL¨vk~b¨ nv`xQwU‡K wfwË K‡iB G‡`‡k gyK¡xg Ae¯’vq Mi“‡Z mvZfvMv Kzievbxi cÖ_v Pvjy n‡q‡Q| A_P fv‡Mi welqwU md‡ii m‡½ m¤ú„³, hv Beby AveŸvm I Rvwei (ivt) ewY©Z we —vwiZ nv`x‡Q D‡j−wLZ n‡q‡Q|53 Avi GKB ivexi ewY©Z msw¶ß nv`x‡Qi ¯’‡j we —vwiZ I e¨vL¨v m¤wjZ nv`xQ `jx‡ji †¶‡Î MÖnY KivB gynvwÏQM‡Yi me©ev`x m¤§Z ixwZ|

ZvQvov gyK¡xg Ae¯’vq g`xbvq ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ev Qvnvev‡q †Kivg KL‡bv fv‡M Kzievbx K‡i‡Qb e‡jI Rvbv hvq bv| Bgvg gv‡jK (int) Kzievbx‡Z kixK nIqvi welqwU‡K gKiƒn g‡b Ki‡Zb|54 yt‡Li welq, eZ©gv‡b G‡`‡k †Kej mvZ e¨w³i c¶ †_‡K bq, eis gyK¡xg Ae¯’vq mvZ cwiev‡ii mvZ -Gi AwaK e¨w³i c¶ †_‡K GKwU Mi“ Kzievbx †Ìqv n‡”Q| †mB mv‡_ A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ m„wó n‡”Q fvMv wb‡q AbvKvswLZ weev` I gbKlvKwl|

cwi‡k‡l hw` †KD e‡jb, gyK¡xg Ae¯’vq fvMv Kzievbxi e¨vcv‡i †Zv †Kvb wb‡lavÁv †bB| DË‡i ejv P‡j †h, G e¨vcv‡i †Zv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi †Kvb wb‡ ©k ev AvgjI †bB| A_P Kzievbx nÕj GKwU Bev`Z| hv ivm~‡ji ZixKv Abyhvqx m¤úbœ Kiv Acwinvh©| †hUv wZwb e‡j‡Qb ev K‡i‡Qb, †mUvB kixÔAvZ| hv wZwb e‡jbwb ev K‡ibwb, †mUv kixÔAvZ bq| †hUv wZwb K‡ibwb †mUv Kivi gva¨‡g wKfv‡e Avj−vn&i mš‘wó nvwQj Kiv hv‡e?

weMZ weØvbM‡Yi hy‡M m¤¢eZt gyK¡xg Ae¯’vq fvMv Kzievbxi cÖkœ DÌvwcZ nqwb| †hgb AvRKvj cwiev‡ii c¶ †_‡K GKwU QvMj Kzievbxi mv‡_ GKwU Mi“i fvMv †bIqv n‡”Q g~jZt †MvkZ †ekx cvevi ¯v‡_©| ÔwbqZÕ hLb †MvkZ LvIqv, ZLb Kzievbxi D‡Ïk¨ wKfv‡e nvwQj n‡e? A‡b‡K nvhvi nvhvi UvKv w`‡q eo Mi“i fvMx nb| wKš‘ Zvi A‡a©K UvKv w`‡q

53. wgkKvZ nv/1469; gymwjg nv/1318; eyLvix 1/231 c„t| 54. gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK (gyjZvb Qvcvt ZvwiL wenxb) c„t 299|

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GKwU QvMj wKb‡Z ivhx bb| Gi Øviv wK eySv hvq? ÔKzievbxÕ nÕj wcZv Beivnx‡gi mybœvZ| hv wZwb cyÎ BmgvC‡ji Rxe‡bi wewbg‡q K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi Zv wQj Avj−vn&i c¶ nÕ‡Z cvVv‡bv GKwU cïi Rxeb A_©vr y¤v| G¶‡Y hw` Avgiv fvMv Kzievbx Kwi, ZvnÕ‡j cïi nvo-nvwÇ I †MvkZ fvM Ki‡Z cvie, wKš‘ Zvi Rxeb fvM Ki‡Z cvie wK? †MvkZ mvZ R‡bi fv‡M †Mj, wKš‘ cïi RxebUv Kvi fv‡M †Mj? AZGe Beivnxgx I gynv¤§v`x mybœv‡Zi Abymi‡Y wb‡Ri I wbR cwiev‡ii c¶ nÕ‡Z Avj−vn&i iv‡n GKwU Rxeb Z_v GKwU c~Y©v½ cï Kzievbx †Ìqv DwPZ, cïi †`‡ni †Kvb LwÊZ Ask bq|

(N) ÔKzievbx I AvK¡xK¡v yÕwUiB D‡Ïk¨ Avj−vn&i ˆbKU¨ nvwQj KivÕ GB (BmwZnmv‡bi) hyw³ †`wL‡q †Kvb †Kvb nvbvdx weØvb Kzievbxi Mi“ ev D‡U GK ev GKvwaK mš—v‡bi AvK¡xK¡v wm× e‡j gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb (hv G‡`‡k A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ Pvjy Av‡Q)|55 nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei —¤¢ e‡j L¨vZ Bgvg Avey BDmyd (int) GB g‡Zi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| Bgvg kvIKvbx (int) Gi †Nvi cÖwZev` K‡i e‡jb, GwU kixÔAvZ| GLv‡b mywbw ©ó `jxj e¨ZxZ wKQyB cÖgvY Kiv m¤¢e bq|56 ejv Avek¨K †h, Kzievbxi cï‡Z AvK¡xK¡vi fvM †bIqvi †Kvb cÖgvY ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ev Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi K_v I K‡g© cvIqv hvq bv| GUv †mªd aviYv wfwËK Avgj, hv nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei †`vnvB w`‡q G‡`‡k Pvjy n‡q‡Q| hwÌ Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (int) †_‡K G wel‡q †Kvb wb‡ ©k †bB| eis wZwb e‡j‡Qb, 57 �-{ 4Q5E/ACN)/� /�1<-= 3�425/XC�� ,M/| ÔhLb nv`xQ Qnxn cv‡e, †R‡bv †mUvB Avgvi gvhnveÕ|57

55. Avkivd Avjx _vbfx, †e‡nkZx †RIi (XvKvt Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix, 10g gy ªY

1990) ÔAvK¡xK¡vÕ Aa¨vq, gvmAvjv-2, 1/300 c„t; eyinvbyÏxb gviMxbvbx, †n`vqv (w`j−xt 1358 wnt) ÔKzievbxÕ Aa¨vq 4/433 c„t; H (†`De›` Qvcv 1400wnt) 4/449 c„t|

56. bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi, ÔAvK¡xK¡vÕ Aa¨vq 6/268 c„t| 57. kvÔivbx, gxhvbyj Kzeiv (w`j−x Qvcv: 1286 wnt) 1/63 c„t; kvgx (êi“Z Qvcv)

1/67 c„t|

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(6) Kzievbx Kivi c×wZ:

(K) DU uvov‡bv Ae¯’vq Gi ÔnjK¡~gÕ ev KÉbvjxi †Mvovq Kzievbxi wbq‡Z Ôwemwgj−v-wn Iqvj−vû AvKeviÕ e‡j A¯¿vNv‡Zi gva¨‡g i³ cÖevwnZ K‡i ÔbniÕ Ki‡Z nq Ges Mi“ ev QvM‡ji gv_v `w¶Y w`‡K †i‡L evg Kv‡Z †d‡j ÔhenÕ Ki‡Z nq|58 Kzievbx `vZv aviv‡jv Qywi wb‡q wK¡ejvgyLx n‡q †`vÔAv c‡o wbR nv‡Z Lye Rjw` he‡ni KvR mgvav Ki‡eb, †hb cïi Kó Kg nq| G mgq ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wb‡Ri Wvb cv w`‡q cïi Nvo †P‡c ai‡Zb| henKvix evg nvZ Øviv cïi †Pvqvj †P‡c ai‡Z cv‡ib| Qywi avi Kiv QvovI he‡ni KvR GgbwK FZzeZx †g‡q‡ì ØvivI Kiv‡bv Rv‡qh|59

(L) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wbR nv‡Z Kzievbx hen K‡i‡Qb| A‡bï Øviv hen Kiv‡bv Rv‡qh Av‡Q| Z‡e GB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Bev`ZwU wbR nv‡Z Kiv A_ev he‡ni mgq ¯P‡¶ cÖZ¨¶ Kiv DËg| nv‡Kg I evqnvK¡xi GKwU hCd m~Î Abyhvqx Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt) G g‡g© Kb¨v dv‡Zgv‡K wb‡ ©k w`‡qwQ‡jb e‡j Rvbv hvq|60

(M) 10, 11, 12 whjnv¾ wZbw`‡bi ivZ-w`b †h †Kvb mgq Kzievbx Kiv hv‡e|61 Z‡e A‡bK Qvnvex, Bgvg kv‡dC I eû weØv‡bi g‡Z C yj Avhnvi c‡ii wZbw`b Kzievbx Kiv hv‡e| Ievq yj−vn gyeviKcyix GUv‡KB AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q‡Qb|62 A‡b‡K mÜ¨vi c‡i Kzievbx Kiv bvRv‡qh g‡b K‡ib| GUv wVK bq|

(N) hw` henKvix wK¡ejvgyLx nÕ‡Z fy‡j hvb, ZvnÕ‡jI BbkvAvj−vn †Kvb †`vl eZ©v‡e bv|63

58. myeyjym mvjvg, 4/177 c„t; wgiÔAvZ 2/351; H, 5/75 c„t| 59. bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 6/245-46 c„t| 60. wgiÔAvZ 2/350 c„t; H, 5/74 c„t; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/31 c„t| 61. gyIqvË¡v, wgkKvZ nv/1473; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/30 c„t; bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 6/253| 62. Ievq`yj−vn gyeviKcyix, wgiÔAvZyj gvdvZxn kin wgkKvZzj gv`vexn 5/106-09 c„t| 63. kv‡dC, wKZveyj D¤§ 2/223 c„t|

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(7) henKvjxb †`vÔAv: (1) wem wgj−v- wn I q vj−v- û AvKevi (A_©t Avj−vn&i bv‡g, Avj−vn gnvb) (2) wem wgj−v- wn Avj−v- û¤§ v Z vK ¡veŸvj wgbœx I q v wgb Avn ‡ j evq Z x (Avj−vn&i bv‡g, †n Avj−vn! Zzwg Keyj Ki Avgvi I Avgvi cwiev‡ii c¶ nÕ‡Z)|

GLv‡b Kzievbx A‡bï nÕ‡j Zvi bvg gy‡L ej‡eb A_ev g‡b g‡b wbqZ K‡i ej‡eb Ôwem wgj−v- wn Avj−v- û¤§ v Z vK ¡veŸvj wgb dzjvb I q v wgb Avn ‡ j evq wZ n xÕ (Avj−vn&i bv‡g, †n Avj−vn! Zzwg Keyj Ki Agy‡Ki I Zvi cwiev‡ii c¶ nÕ‡Z)| GB mgq bexi Dc‡i ìƒ` cvV Kiv gvKiƒnÕ|64 (3) Ôwem wgj−v- wn I q vj−v- û AvKevi, Avj−v- û¤§ v Z vK ¡veŸvj wgbœx Kvgv Z vK ¡veŸvjZ v wgb Beivn xgv LvjxwjKvÕ (...†n Avj−vn! Zzwg Avgvi c¶ nÕ‡Z Keyj Ki †hgb Keyj K‡iQ †Zvgvi †`v — Beivnx‡gi c¶ †_‡K)|65 (4) hw` †`vÔAv fy‡j hvb ev fyj nevi fq _v‡K, Z‡e ïay Ôwem wgj−vn Õ e‡j g‡b g‡b Kzievbxi wbqZ Ki‡jB h‡_ó n‡e|66 (5) Dc‡iv³ †`vÔAv¸wji mv‡_ Ab¨ †`vÔAvI i‡q‡Q| †hgb ÔBbœx I q v¾ vn &Z z I q vRwn q v wjj−vh x dvZ ¡vivm m vgvI q vwZ I q vj Avih v ÔAvjv wgj−vwZ Beivn xgv n vbxduvI I q v gv Avbv wgbvj g ykwiK xb| Bbœv QvjvZ x I q v bym yK x I q v gvn Bq vq v I q v gvgvZ x wjj−vwn iweŸj ÔAvjvg xb| jv kvixKv jvû I q v weh vwjKv DwgiZ z I q v Avbv wgbvj g ym wjg xb| Avj−vû¤§ v wgbKv I q v jvKv; ( wgbœx I q v wgb Avn ‡ j evq Z x) wem wgj−vwn I q vj−vû AvKeviÕ|67

(8) C‡ì QvjvZ I Lyrev †kl nIqvi c~‡e© Kzievbx Kiv wb‡la| Ki‡j Zv‡K Z`¯’‡j Av‡iKwU Kzievbx w`‡Z n‡e|68

(9) †MvkZ e›Ub: Rv‡njx Avieiv KvÔevi D‡Ï‡k¨ DrmMx©Z cïi †MvkZ wb‡Riv †LZ bv| eis meUzKz Qv`K¡v K‡i w`Z|69 Bmjvg 64. wgiÔAvZ 2/350 c„t; H, 5/74 c„t| 65. gvRg~Ô dvZvIqv Be‡b Zvqwgqvn (Kvq‡iv Qvcvt 1404 wnt) 26/308 c„t| 66. Beby Kz vgv, Avj-gyMbx (êi“Z Qvcvt ZvwiL wenxb) 11/117 c„t| 67. evqnvK¡x 9/287; Avey BqvÔjv, wgiÔAvZ 5/92; mb` nvmvb, BiIqv 4/351| 68. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/1472; gymwjg, bvqj 6/248-249 c„t|

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Avmvi c‡i Avj−vni D‡Ï‡k¨ henK…Z Kzievbxi cïi †MvkZ wb‡Riv LvIqvi I Ab¨‡K LvIqv‡bvi wb‡ ©k w`‡q ejv nq ��1 5�C�-�/# �/<4B5� ��3�3�-= ,�)/04�1 C��/# /k5"�-.C�� ÔAZtci †Zvgiv Zv †_‡K wb‡Riv LvI Ges Ab¨‡ì LvIqvI hviv Pvq bv I hviv PvqÕ (n ¾ 22 /36 )| Ab¨ Avqv‡Z G‡m‡Q, -= /�)5.-nC�� /�5>�)/EC�� )1 5�C�-�/# �/<4B5� ��3�3� ÔAvi †Zvgiv LvI Ges LvIqvI `y ’-Afvex‡ì‡KÕ (n ¾ 22 /28)| Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb, Avj−vni ivm~j (Qvt) Kzievbxi †MvkZ wZbfvM K‡i GKfvM wbR cwievi‡K LvIqv‡Zb I GKfvM Afvex cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì w`‡Zb I GKfvM mv‡qj‡ì g‡a¨ Qv`vK¡v Ki‡ZbÕ|70 AZGe Kzievbxi †MvkZ wZb fvM K‡i GK fvM wbR cwiev‡ii LvIqvi Rb¨, GK fvM Afvex cÖwZ‡ekx hviv Kzievbx Ki‡Z cv‡iwb Zv‡ì Rb¨ nvw`qv ¯iƒc I GKfvM mv‡qj dK¡xi-wgmKxb‡ì g‡a¨ Qv`vK¡v ¯iƒc weZiY Ki‡e ( b vqj 6 / 2 54)| cÖ‡qvR‡b D³ e›U‡b Kg‡ekx Kivq wKsev meUzKz weZiY Kivq †Kvb †`vl †bB|71

e›Ub wel‡q DËg nÕj, gnj−vi ¯ ¯ Kzievbxi †Mvk‡Zi GK Z…Zxqvsk GK ¯’v‡b Rgv K‡i gnj−vq hviv Kzievbx Ki‡Z cv‡iwb, Zv‡ì ZvwjKv K‡i Zv‡ì g‡a¨ myk„sLjfv‡e weZiY Kiv Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv‡ì evox‡Z Kzievbxi †MvkZ †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqv| evKx GK Z…Zxqvsk mv‡qj dKxi-wgmKxb‡ì g‡a¨ weZiY Kiv|

Avj−vn&i bv‡g DrmMx©Z Kzievbxi cweÎ †MvkZ gymwjg‡ì g‡a¨B weZiY Kiv DËg| Z‡e Agymwjg cÖwZ‡ekx y ’-Afvex‡ì wKQz †Ìqvq †`vl †bB| †Kbbv GwU hvKvZ ewnf©~Z bdj Qv`vK¡vi Aš—f©y³|72 Avãyj−vn

69. Zvdmx‡i KzziZzex, Ôn¾Õ 22/28, 36 AvqvZ| 70. wgiÔAvZ 5/120 c„t| 71. Beby Kz vgv, Avj-gyMbx 11/108-09; wgiÔAvZ 2/369; H, 5/120 c„t| 72. Avj-gyMbx 3/583 c„t|

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Be‡b Avgi Bebyj ÔAvQ (ivt) Zuvi Bû`x cÖwZ‡ekx‡K w`‡qB †MvkZ e›Ub ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb|73 Ô†Zvgiv gymjgvb‡ì Kzievbx †_‡K gykwiK‡ì Avnvi KivB‡qv bvÕ g‡g© †h nv`xQ G‡m‡Q †mwU ÔhCdÕ|74

(10) †MvkZ msi¶Y : Kzievbxi †MvkZ hZw`b Lykx †i‡L LvIqv hvq| GgbwK ÔGK hyjwn¾vn †_‡K Av‡iK hyjwn¾vn ch©š—Õ GK eQi|75 Z‡e gnj−vq Afvexi msL¨v †ekx _vK‡j ev †`‡k e¨vcK Afve †`Lv w`‡j wZbw`‡bi ci †MvkZ meUzKz weZiY Kiv hiƒix|76

(11) g„Z e¨w³i bv‡g c„_Kfv‡e Kzievbx †Ìqvi †Kvb Qnxn `jxj †bB| nhiZ Avjx (ivt) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi AwQqZ wnmv‡e Zuvi Rb¨ c„_K GKwU y¤v Kzievbx w`‡q‡Qb e‡j wZiwghx kix‡di †h nv`xQwU wgkKv‡Z (nv/1462) G‡m‡Q, Zv wbZvš—B hCd| Ab¨ †Kvb Qvnvex ivm~‡ji Rb¨ ev †Kvb g„Z e¨w³i Rb¨ Gfv‡e Kzievbx w`‡q‡Qb e‡j Rvbv hvq bv| g„Z e¨w³MY cwiev‡ii m`m¨ _v‡Kb bv Ges Zv‡ì Dc‡i kixÔAvZ cª‡hvR¨ bq| A_P Kzievbx nq RxweZ e¨w³ I cwiev‡ii c¶ nÕ‡Z| G¶‡Y hw` †KD g„‡Zi bv‡g Kzievbx K‡ib, Z‡e nhiZ Avãyj−vn Bebyj gyeviK (118-181 wnt) e‡jb, Zv‡K meUzKzB Qv`vK¡v K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|77

(12) Kzievbxi †MvkZ wewµ Kiv wb‡la| Z‡e Zvi Pvgov wewµ K‡i78 kixÔAvZ wb‡ ©wkZ Qv`vK¡vi LvZ mg~‡n e¨q Ki‡e ( ZIe v 6 0)| G¸wj gnj−vq evqZzj gvj dv‡Ê Rgv K‡i Avj−vn fxi“ wek¦ — gyZvIqvj−xi gva¨‡g myk„sLj fv‡e myôz cwiKíbvi mv‡_ e¨q Kiv DËg| AvRKvj eo eo kn‡i †ckv`vi wf¶zK I Zv‡ì mn‡hvMx‡ì †`Lv hvq A‡bK

73. eyLvix, Av`veyj gydiv` nv/128, mb` Qnxn- Avjevbx, ÔBû`x cÖwZ‡ekxÕ Aby‡”Q`| 74. evqnvK¡x, ïÔAveyj Cgvb nv/9113 ÔcÖwZ‡ekx‡K m¤§vb KivÕ Aby‡”Q`| 75. Avngv` nv/26458 Ômb` nvmvbÕ Zvdmx‡i KziZzex nv/4413| 76. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, bvqj 6/252 c„t; Zvdmx‡i KziZzex nv/4409, 4412 cÖf„wZ| 77. wZiwghx Zzndv mn, nv/1528, 5/79 c„t; wgiÔAvZ 5/94 c„t| 78. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, Avngv`, bvqj 6/255-56; wgiÔAvZ 5/121; Avj-gyMbx

11/111 c„t|

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25

cwigvY Kzievbxi †MvkZ msMÖn K‡i Zv c‡i Kg `v‡g A‡bï Kv‡Q wewµ K‡i| G ai‡bi y®‹g© †_‡K GLywb ZIev Kiv DwPZ| g‡b ivLv fvj †h, Avj−vn&i b¨vq wePv‡i abx-Mixe †KD Qvo cv‡e bv|

(13) Kzievbxi cï hen Kiv wKsev KzUv-evQv eve` Kzievbxi †MvkZ ev Pvgovi cqmv nÕ‡Z †Kvbiƒc gRyix †Ìqv hv‡e bv| QvnvexMY wbR wbR c‡KU †_‡K GB gRyix w`‡Zb| Aek¨ H e¨w³ `wi ª nÕ‡j nvw`qv ¯iƒc Zv‡K wKQy †Ìqvq †`vl †bB|79

(14) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) C yj wdr‡ii w`b K‡qKwU †e‡Rvo †LRyi †L‡q C`Mv‡n †ei nÕ‡Zb Ges C yj Avhnvi w`b QvjvZ Av`vq bv Kiv ch©š— wKQyB †L‡Zb bv|80 wZwb Kzievbxi cïi KwjRv Øviv BdZvi Ki‡Zb|81

yf©vM¨, eZ©gv‡b C yj Avhnv‡Z mKvj †_‡K †mgvB-R ©vi ayg c‡o hvq| A_P GUv mybœvZ we‡ivax KvR| gv-†evb‡ì G e¨vcv‡i K‡Vvi nIqv DwPZ|

(15) Kzievbxi e`‡j Zvi g~j¨ Qv`vK¡v Kiv bvRv‡qh| Avj−vn&i iv‡n i³ cÖevwnZ KivB GLv‡b g~j Bev`Z| hw` †KD Kzievbxi e`‡j Zvi g~j¨ Qv`vK¡v Ki‡Z Pvb, Z‡e wZwb gynv¤§v`x kixÔAv‡Zi cÖKvk¨ we‡ivwaZv Ki‡eb|82 Bgvg Avngv` (int) e‡jb, Kzievbx Qv`vK¡vi PvB‡Z DËg, †hgb C‡ì QvjvZ Ab¨ mKj bdj Qvjv‡Zi PvB‡Z DËg|83

79. Avj-gyMbx, 11/110 c„t| 80. eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/1433; wZiwghx, wgkKvZ, nv/1440 mb` Qnxn| 81. evqnvK¡x, wgiÔAvZ 2/338 c„t; H, 5/45 c„t| 82. gvRg~Ô dvZvIqv Be‡b Zvqwgqvn, 26/304; gyMbx, 11/94-95 c„t| 83. Zvdmx‡i KziZzex (m~iv QvddvZ 37/102), 15/108 c„t|

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(16) Kzievbxi Ab¨vb¨ gvmv‡qj: (K) †cvlv ev Lwi` Kiv †Kvb cï‡K Kzievbxi Rb¨ wbw ©ó Ki‡j I †mB g‡g© †NvlYv w`‡j Zv Avi e`j Kiv hv‡e bv| Aek¨ hw` wbw ©ó bv K‡i _v‡Kb, Z‡e Zvi e`‡j DËg cï Kzievbx †Ìqv hv‡e| (L) Kzievbxi Rb¨ wbw ©ó Mvwfb Mi“ ev eKix hw` Kzievbxi c~‡e©B RxweZ ev”Pv cÖme K‡i, Z‡e H ev”Pv C‡ì w`b¸wji g‡a¨B Kzievbx Ki‡e| Kzievbxi c~e© ch©š— ev”Pvi cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ ya gvwjK cvb Ki‡Z cvi‡e ev Zvi weµqjä cqmv wb‡R eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Z‡e Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (int)-Gi g‡Z ya ev ya wewµi cqmv Qv`vK¡v K‡i †Ìqv fvj| Aek¨ Kzievbxi Rb¨ wbw ©ó bv Ki‡j I †mB g‡g© †NvlYv bv w`‡j, †mUv‡K hen KivI †h‡Z cv‡i, †i‡L †ÌqvI †h‡Z cv‡i| (M) hw` Kzievbxi cï nvwi‡q hvq ev Pzwi n‡q hvq, Z‡e Zvi cwie‡Z© Ab¨ Kzievbx hiƒix bq| hw` H cï C yj Avhnvi w`b ev c‡i cvIqv hvq, Z‡e Zv ZLbB Avj−vn&i iv‡n hen K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| (N) hw` Kzievbxi c~‡e© Kzievbx `vZv g„Zz eiY K‡ib Ges Zvi Ae¯’v Ggb nq †h, H cï weµqjä cqmv wfbœ Zvi FY cwi‡kv‡ai Avi †Kvb Dcvq †bB, ZLb †Kej FY cwi‡kv‡ai ¯v‡_©B Kzievbxi cï weµq Kiv hv‡e|84

3. C`vq‡bi gvmv‡qj :

(1) msÁv: ÔC`Õ ÔAvI ybÕ ) �m�4�)/ 1�4�1�/2 /��/ ( avZz nÕ‡Z Drcbœ, hvi A_© evievi wd‡i Avmv| Rv‡njx Avi‡e †h †Kvb evwl©K Avb›` †gjv‡K ÔC`Õ ejv nÕZ| AZtci Bmjvgx cwifvlvq ÔC`Õ H yÕwU evwl©K agx©q Drme‡K ejv nq, hv kixÔAvZ wba©vwiZ cš’vq D`hvwcZ nq| †hw`b evievi Avj−vn&i eoZ¡ †NvlYv K‡i Zuvi bv‡g ZvKexi aŸwb D”PvwiZ nq Ges hv cÖwZ eQi ev›`vi Dc‡i Avj−vn&i we‡kl ¶gv I AbyMÖ‡ni eviZv wb‡q wd‡i Av‡mÕ| ci ci yB C`‡K GK‡Î ÔC`v‡qbÕ ejv nq|

(2) cÖPjb: C`vq‡bi QvjvZ 2q wnRix m‡b wQqvg dih nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Pvjy nq| C`vq‡bi QvjvZ wKZve I mybœvZ I BRgv‡q D¤§Z Øviv cÖgvwYZ| GwU mybœv‡Z gyIqv°v`vn| GwU Bmjv‡gi GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© 84. wgiÔAvZ, 2/368-69; H, 5/117-120; wKZveyj D¤§ 2/225-26|

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wb`k©b| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Avg„Zz wbqwgZfv‡e GwU Av`vq K‡i‡Qb Ges †QvU-eo bvix-cyi“l mKj m¶g gymjgvb‡K C‡ì RvgvÔAv‡Z kixK nIqvi wb‡ ©k w`‡q‡Qb|

(3) KiYxq: ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gw`b m‡e©vËg †cvlvK cwiavb Ki‡Zb I ¯¿x-Kb¨v‡ì wb‡q C`Mv‡n †h‡Zb|85 (L) wZwb GK c‡_ †h‡Zb I Ab¨ c‡_ wdi‡Zb|86 (M) gyK¡xg-gymvwdi mevB C‡ì yÕivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡eb| (N) G w`b mKv‡j wgmIqvK mn Ih~-†Mvmj K‡i ˆZj-myMwÜ †g‡L DËg †cvlv‡K C`Mv‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨ ZvKexi w`‡Z w`‡Z iIqvbv nIqv gy —vnve|87 (O) RvgvÔAvZ Qy‡U †M‡j GKvKx ev RvgvÔAvZ mnKv‡i C‡ì ZvKexi mn yÕivKÔAvZ co‡e|88 (P) C`Mv‡n Avm‡Z bv cvi‡j evox‡Z †g‡qiv mn evoxi mKj‡K wb‡q ZvKexi mnKv‡i RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ yÕivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e|89

(4) C`vq‡bi mgqKvj: C yj Avhnvq m~h© GK Ô†bhvÕ cwigvY I C yj wdr‡i yB Ô†bhvÕ cwigvY DVvi c‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) C‡ì QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Zb| GK Ô†bhvÕ ev ek©vi ˆ`N © nÕj wZb wgUvi ev mv‡o Qq nvZ|90 AZGe C yj Avhnvi QvjvZ m~‡h©v`‡qi ciciB h_vm¤¢e ª“Z ïi“ Kiv DwPZ|

(5) dhxjZ I wbqZ: C`vq‡bi QvjvZ mKj bdj Qvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ me©vwaK dhxjZc~Y©|91 n¾ I Igivn&i ÔZvjweqvnÕ e¨ZxZ C`v‡qb mn †Kvb Bev`‡Zi Rb¨ wbqZ gy‡L ej‡Z nq bv, eis ü`‡q msKí Ki‡Z nq|92

85. wgiÔAvZ 5/21-22; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/317-18| 86. eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/1434 ÔC`vq‡bi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`| 87. eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/1381 ÔQvjvZÕ Aa¨vq Ôcwi”QbœZv I ZvKexiÕ Aby‡”Q`-44;

Avj-gyMbx 2/228 c„t; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/237 c„t| 88. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/240 c„t; Avj-gyMbx 2/251| 89. dvrûj evix 2/550-51 ÔC`v‡qbÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q` 25; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/240 c„t| 90. AvIbyj gvÔe~ kin mybv‡b Avey vE` (Kvq‡iv Qvcvt 1407/1987) 3/487;

wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/238 c„t| 91. Zvdmxi Zvdmx‡i KziZzex 15/108 c„t| 92. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/1|

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(6) C`vq‡bi ZvKexi aŸwb:

C`vq‡bi ZvKexi aŸwb Kiv mybœvZ| GwU nÕj ÔC‡ì wb`k©bÕ )�� ?( | C yj wdr‡i ivgvhv‡bi gvme¨vcx wQqvg c~Y© Kiv Ges Avj−vn cv‡Ki we‡kl AbyMÖn I †n`vqvZ cÖvwßi ïKwiqv ¯iƒc GUv Ki‡Z nq| Avj−vn

e‡jb, -(#1�3�4s)/9 4�3�6�/�-�/# 4�3R�//A �/� �-�/ /�� C�#1�@E-�105�/# Ô(wQqvg dih Kiv n‡q‡Q GRb¨ †h,) Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì †n`vqvZ `vb K‡i‡Qb †mRb¨ †Zvgiv Avj−vn eoZ¡ †NvlYv Ki‡e Ges †Zvgiv Zuvi cÖwZ K…ZÁZv ¯xKvi Ki‡eÕ ( e vK¡vivn 2 / 1 85)| AZtci C yj Avhnv‡Z Kzievbxi cï¸wj‡K gvby‡li AbyMZ K‡i †Ìqv I wkiK †_‡K gy³ n‡q †mªd Avj−vn&i bv‡g Rxeb DrmM© Kivi †n`vqvZ cÖvwßi ïKwiqv ¯iƒc ( n¾ 2 2 / 3 7 ) Avj−vn&i wbisKzk ZvInx` I eoZ¡ †NvlYv K‡i evi evi ZvKexi aŸwb Ki‡Z nq|

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ¯xq PvPv AveŸvm, PvPv‡Zv fvB Avãyj−vn Be‡b AveŸvm, dhj Be‡b AveŸvm, RvgvZv Avjx, Zvi fvB RvÔdi, bvwZ nvmvb-†nvmv‡qb, †Mvjvg hv‡q` Be‡b nv‡iQvn, ZrcyÎ Dmvgv Be‡b hv‡q` I Avqgvb Be‡b D‡¤§ Avqgvb cÖgyL cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì wb‡q C`vq‡bi mKv‡j D‰”Pt¯‡i ZvKexi I Zvnjxjmn C`Mvn Awfgy‡L Ni nÕ‡Z iIqvbv w`‡Zb I GBfv‡e wZwb C`Mvn ch©š— †cuŠQ‡Zb|93 Zv‡eC weØvb gynv¤§v` Beby gymwjg Beby wknve hynix (50-124 wnt) e‡jb †h, †jv‡Kiv C‡ì w`b mKv‡j ZvKexi aŸwb Ki‡Z Ki‡Z C`Mv‡n AvmZ| AZtci Bgvg G‡j ZvKexi eÜ KiZ| G mgq Bgv‡gi mv‡_ ZvivI ZvKexi w`Z|94 wbZvš— †Kvb Ihi bv _vK‡j cv‡q †nu‡UB ZvKexi aŸwb mnKv‡i C`Mv‡n Avm‡Z nq|95

Qvnvev‡q †Kivg †_‡K me©vwaK weï× †iIqvqvZ Abyhvqx Avivdvi w`b dRi †_‡K wgbvi †kl w`b ch©š— A_©vr 9B whjnv¾ dRi †_‡K 13 B 93. evqnvK¡x, nv`xQ Qnxn; BiIqvDj Mvjxj (êi“Z: 1405/1985) nv/650, 3/123 c„t| 94. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn, mb` Qnxn, BiIqv 3/121 c„t; `vivKzrbx nv/1696, 1700| 95. bvqj 4/236 c„t; wgiÔAvZ 5/70 c„t|

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whjnv¾ ÔAvBqv‡g ZvkixK¡Õ-Gi †kl w`b AvQi ch©š— 23 Iqv³ QvjvZ †k‡l Kgc‡¶ wZb evi K‡i I Ab¨vb¨ mKj mg‡q D”PK‡É ZvKexi aŸwb Kiv mybœvZ| C yj wdr‡ii w`b mKv‡j C`Mv‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨ †ei nIqv †_‡K Lyrev ïi“i AvM ch©š— ZvKexi aŸwb Ki‡e|96

ZvKex‡ii kãvejx : Bgvg gv‡jK I Avngv` (int) e‡jb, ZvKex‡ii kã I msL¨vi †Kvb evaëvaKZv †bB| Igi, Avjx, Avãyj−vn Be‡b gvmÔE` (ivt) Be‡b AveŸvm cÖgyL QvnvexMY ZvKexi w`‡Zb ÔAvj−v-û AvKevi, Avj−v-û AvKevi, jv Bjv-nv Bj−vj−v-û, Iqvj−v-û AvKevi, Avj−v-û AvKevi, Iqv wjj−v-wnj nvg& Õ|97 A‡bK weØvb c‡o‡Qb, ÔAvj−v-û AvKevi Kvexiv, Iqvj nvg y wjj−v-wn KvQxiv, Iqv myenvbvj−v-wn eyKivZuvI Iqv AvQxjvÕ| Bgvg kv‡dC (int) GUv‡K Ômy›ìÕ e‡j‡Qb|98

m~iv‡q evK¡vivn& 185 I n¾ 37 bs Avqv‡Zi gg© Abyhvqx ZvKexi aŸwbi ¸i“Z¡ me©vwaK| gwnjvMYI mi‡e (Z‡e D”PK‡É bq) ZvKexi cvV Ki‡eb|99 Avãyj−vn Be‡b Igi, Avey ûivqiv (ivt) cÖgyL QvnvexMY AvBqv‡g Zvkix‡Ki w`b¸wj‡Z evRv‡i Mgb K‡i ZvKexi aŸwb Ki‡Zb| †jv‡KivI Zuv‡ì mv‡_ †Rv‡i †Rv‡i ZvKexi aŸwb KiZ| Igi dviƒK¡ (ivt) wgbv‡Z wb‡Ri Zuvey‡Z GZ †Rv‡i ZvKexi w`‡Zb †h, cvk¦©eZx© gmwR‡ì gyQj−x I evRv‡ii †jv‡Kiv mevB Zuvi mv‡_ ZvKexi aŸwb K‡i DVZ, hv GjvKv‡K gyLi K‡i ZzjZ|100

96. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn, mb` Qnxn, BiIqv 3/125 c„t; wdK¡ûm mybœvn

1/242-243 c„t; bvqj 4/278 c„t; Avj-gyMbx 2/254-56 c„t| 97. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn, evqnvK¡x, mb` Qnxn, BiIqv 3/125 c„t; wdK¡ûm

mybœvn 1/243 c„t; Avj-gyMbx 2/254-56 c„t| 98. hv`yj gvÔAv` (êi“Z 1416/1996) 2/361 c„t; bvqj 4/257 c„t| 99. Zvdmx‡i KziZzex, 2/307, 3/2-4; evqnvK¡x 3/316 c„t| 100. eyLvix, ZvÔjxK¡, mb` Qnxn, BiIqv nv/651, 3/124 c„t; bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi

4/274 c„t|

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30

(7) C`vq‡bi QvjvZ Av`v‡qi c×wZ: †Kvbiƒc Avhvb-GK¡vgZ QvovB cÖ_‡g wK¡ejvgyLx uvwo‡q ÔAvj−vû AvKeiÕ e‡j ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv w`‡q evg nv‡Zi Dc‡i Wvb nvZ ey‡Ki Dc‡i euva‡e| AZtci ÔQvbvÕ (†`vÔAv‡q B‡¯—dZvn) co‡e| AZtci ÔAvj−vû AvKeiÕ e‡j axi-w¯’ifv‡e yB ZvKex‡ii gv‡S ¯í weiwZmn cici mvZwU ZvKexi w`‡e| cÖwZ ZvKex‡i nvZ Kuva ch©š— DVv‡e, AZtci c~‡e©i b¨vq ey‡K euva‡e| ZvKexi †kl nÕ‡j cÖ_g ivKÔAv‡Z AvÔEhywej−vn I wemwgj−vn c~Y©fv‡e c‡o Bgvg nÕ‡j mi‡e m~iv dvwZnv I Ab¨ GKwU m~iv co‡e| gy³v`x nÕ‡j bxi‡e †Kej m~iv dvwZnv Bgv‡gi wc‡Q wc‡Q co‡e I Bgv‡gi wK¡ivAvZ ïb‡e| AZtci wØZxq ivKÔAv‡Z D‡V uvwo‡q c~‡e©i wbq‡g axi-w¯’ifv‡e yB ZvKex‡ii gv‡S ¯í weiwZmn cÖ_‡g cici cuvPwU ZvKexi w`‡e| Zvici Ôwemwgj−vnÕ cvV A‡š— m~iv dvwZnv I Ab¨ GKwU m~iv co‡e|

wØZxq ivKÔAv‡Z wK¡ivAv‡Zi ïi“‡Z ÔAvEhywej−vnÕ co‡Z nq bv| †Kej Ôwemwgj−vnÕ co‡Z nq| C`vq‡bi Qvjv‡Z 1g I 2q ivKÔAv‡Z h_vµ‡g m~iv AvÔjv I Mvwkqvn A_ev m~iv K¡vd I K¡vgvi cov mybœvZ|101

C`vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g QvjvZ I c‡i Lyrev cÖ vb Ki‡Z nq|102 Zvi Av‡M wc‡Q †Kvb QvjvZ †bB, Avhvb ev GK¡vgZ †bB| C`Mv‡n †ei nevi mgq D”PK‡É ZvKexi Ges †cuŠQvi c‡iI ZvKexi aŸwb e¨ZxZ KvD‡K Rjw` Avmvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb KivI wVK bq|103 †Kvb †Kvb C`Mv‡n Bgvg †cuŠ‡Q hvIqvi c‡iI Qvjv‡Zi c~‡e© wewfbœR‡b e³…Zv K‡i _v‡Kb| GUv mybœvZ we‡ivax KvR|

101. Bgvg beex, iIhvZzZ Z¡v‡jexb (êi“Z Qvcvt 1412/1991) 2/71-72

ÔQvjvZzj C‡ì weeiYÕ Aa¨vq; wgiÔAvZ 5/53; QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt) c„t 114| 102. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ, nv/1426, 1431| 103. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/1451; bvqj 4/251; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/319 c„t|

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31

Lyrev: C`vq‡bi Qvjv‡Zi ci Lyrev †Ìqv I Zv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q kªeY Kiv mybœvZ| C`vq‡bi Lyrev GKwU nIqvB Qnxn nv`xQ m¤§Z| †hgbt

54�5�/� 4�5�-� �/ 5( 4�)/2 1x1�)4y/2 /�6�/� /# 5�4�-�/ �� 6�/| t�5E,B�� -(�-R -c�-* @d5�41yC�� /g 1g4�)3./�-= 1�5�/!)4B/2 ,�3\ 3r- ,!�� 5�5� 3�/4E,2 Kz4�/? 3c,#-q-= �6�/!1 C�� -�57 �/X4�-qC��/# 5�Co5nC��

:�4�3�1D 1��,B��/# 5��,B�� -[5��-.1� C(57 /# 4�1A1�1�Cq/2/# 4�5<4�5|4�12 /# 4�1<3L5�/�-= 4�5<5=4�3n1| �-�/ �� n0� O1�5�/!4B/2 ,�3\ 5�5� /�/�-� Kz4�/s5� /�1�Cq/2 4#-� 1�/�-o-* ��4�/� /k-oC.,2 C(-� 1425�12 -(�-RJ

ÔAveymvC` Ly ix (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) C yj wdri I C yj Avhnvi w`‡b C`Mv‡ni w`‡K †ei nÕ‡Zb| (C`Mv‡n †cuŠ‡Q) wZwb cÖ_‡g QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Zb| AZtci QvjvZ †k‡l gyQj−x‡ì w`‡K gyL K‡i uvov‡Zb, gyQj−xiv ZLb wbR wbR KvZv‡i emv _vKZ| wZwb Zv‡ì‡K Dc‡`k w`‡Zb, bQxnZ Ki‡Zb Ges wb‡ ©k w`‡Zb| †Kv_vI ˆmb¨ †cÖi‡Yi B”Qv Ki‡j evQvB Ki‡Zb A_ev †Kvb wel‡q wb‡ ©k †Ìqvi _vK‡j wb‡ ©k w`‡Zb| AZtci evox‡Z cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡ZbÕ|104

wgkKv‡Z msKwjZ Dc‡iv³ nv`xQ I GKB g‡g© Beby AveŸvm (ivt) ewY©Z cieZx© nv`xQ (nv/1429) Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h, C`vq‡bi Lyrev GKwUB wQj| gvSLv‡b e‡m yÕwU Lyrev cÖ vb m¤ú‡K© Beby gvRvn (nv/1289) I evhhv‡i K‡qKwU ÔhCdÕ nv`xQ i‡q‡Q, hv Qnxn nv`xQ mg~‡ni wecix‡Z MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| Qv‡n‡e myeyjym mvjvg I Qv‡n‡e wgiÔAvZ e‡jb, ÔcÖPwjZ yB Lyrevi wbqgwU g~jZt RygÔAvi yB Lyrevi Dc‡i wK¡qvm K‡iB Pvjy n‡q‡Q| GwU ivm~‡ji ÔAvgjÕ Øviv Ges †Kvb wbf©i‡hvM¨ `jxj Øviv cÖgvwYZ bqÕ|105 Lyrev †k‡l e‡m yÕnvZ Zz‡j mKj‡K wb‡q †`vÔAv Kivi †iIqvRwUI nv`xQ m¤§Z bq| eis GwUB cÖgvwYZ †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) C`vq‡bi QvjvZ †k‡l uvwo‡q †KejgvÎ GKwU Lyrev w`‡q‡Qb, hvi g‡a¨ Av‡`k, wb‡la, Dc‡`k, ZvKexi, †`vÔAv

104. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/1426, H, e½vbyev` nv/1342| 105. myeyjym mvjvg 1/140; wgiÔAvZ 5/27; bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 4/264; wdK¡ûm mybœvn

1/240 c„t|

31

32

meB wQj|106 Beby gvRvn KZ…©K hCd mb‡` ivm~‡ji gyIqvhwhb mvÔ` Avj-K¡vivh (ivt) ewY©Z nv`x‡Q Rvbv hvq †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) C`vq‡bi Lyrevi g‡a¨ †ekx †ekx ZvKexi aŸwb Ki‡ZbÕ|107 G mgq gyQj−xMY Bgv‡gi mv‡_ mv‡_ ZvKexi aŸwb Ki‡ebÕ|108 GwU KziAvbx wb‡ ©‡ki AbyK‚‡j| †Kbbv wQqvg dih Kivi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bvq Avj−vn e‡jb, C�#1�@E-�105�/# 4�3R�/)/A �/� �-�/ /�� GUv GRb¨ †h, †Zvgiv Avj−vni eoZ¡ †NvlYv Ki‡e GKvi‡Y †h, wZwb †Zvgv‡ì‡K myc_ cÖ k©b K‡i‡QbÕ ( e vK¡vivn 2 / 1 85)|

A‡bK gyQj−x Lyrevi mgq Ab¨w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM †`b, A‡b‡K P‡j hvb, A‡bK C`Mv‡n Lyrevi mgq cqmv †Zvjv nq, G¸wj Lyrev Aegvbbvi kvwgj| †Kbbv Lyrevi mgq Ab¨ Kv‡R wjß nIqv, ci®ú‡i K_v ejv, GgbwK Ab¨‡K ÔPzc KiÕ GK_v ejvI wb‡la|109 me‡P‡q eo K_v, H e¨w³ Lyrev †kvbvi QIqve I eiKZ †_‡K gvniƒg nq Ges mybœvZ ZiK Kivi Rb¨ †MvbvnMvi nq|

(8) gwnjv‡ì AskMÖnY:

C`vq‡bi RvgvÔAv‡Z cyi“l‡ì wcQ‡b c ©vi g‡a¨ gwnjvMY cÖ‡Z¨‡K eo Pv`‡i Ave„Z n‡q †hvM`vb Ki‡eb| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Pvì bv _vK‡j GKR‡bi Pv`‡i Rwo‡q yÕRb Avm‡eb| LZ¡xe Qv‡ne bvix-cyi“l mKj‡K j¶¨ K‡i gvZ…fvlvq cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi wfwË‡Z Lyrev cÖ vb Ki‡eb| FZzeZx gwnjvMY †Kej Lyrev kªeY Ki‡eb Ges gy‡L ZvKexi, Zvnjxj, Avgxb BZ¨vw` ej‡eb| †hgb,

5�4#1)1yC�� 5S�/#-{/# 5�42/)4�5�C�� /g4�/2 /�,�1XC�� /x5�4yt" C(-� �/"4�5�3� 4�-��-* -a,�5o/ @g3� 4�/ 4�/ 1�,�1XC�� 3c5�/04�/9 /# 4�1</9/�4 /� /# /�4�5 5�4�1 C�� -a/ �/ /D -(4/<4s/�-= 5�)-��-* ,�1A6 /!t�

106. wgiÔAvZ 5/31; evqnvK¡x 3/299; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/240 c„t|

107. wgiÔAvZ 5/70 c„t| 108. Avj-gyMbx 2/244 c„t| 109. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/1385|

32

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O�/<5��/EC�5D 4�5� �/<10/E5��/| �/<4�5EC�105� -c�-* :8�/EC�5D �/<-� /�4�-� �/"�/4�57 5� -c4�1�/� �,2 ur-�/�4�� n0�J

ÔD‡¤§ ÔAvwZ¡Bqv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, Avgv‡ì‡K wb‡`©k †Ìqv nÕj, Avgiv †hb FZyeZx I c`©vbkxb gwnjv‡ì‡K `yB C‡ì w`‡b †ei K‡i wb‡q hvB| †hb Zviv gymjgvb‡ì RvgvÔAvZ I †`vÔAvq kixK nÕ‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e FZzeZx gwnjviv GKw`‡K m‡i em‡e| R‰bKv gwnjv ZLb ejj, Avgv‡ì A‡b‡Ki eo Pvì †bB| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, Zvi mv_x Zv‡K wb‡Ri Pvì Øviv Ave„Z K‡i wb‡q hv‡eÕ|110

wgkKv‡Zi fvl¨Kvi Ievq yj−vn gyeviKcyix (int) e‡jb, nv`x‡Qi †k‡l ewY©Z � ��)�� r�) � K_vwU ÔAvgÕ| Gi Øviv Bgv‡gi Lyrev I Iqvh-bQxnZ kªe‡Y kixK nIqvi K_v eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †Kbbv C`vq‡bi Qvjv‡Zi c‡i cÖPwjZ wbq‡g mw¤§wjZ fv‡e nvZ Zz‡j †`vÔAv Kivi cÖgv‡Y ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kivg †_‡K †Kvb `jxj †bB|111

(9) gq`v‡b C‡ì RvgvÔAvZ: gq`v‡b C‡ì RvgvÔAvZ Kiv mybœvZ| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`xb me© v C‡ì QvjvZ gq`v‡b co‡Zb| Ab¨vb¨ gmwR‡ì †P‡q GK nvhvi ¸Y †ekx †bKx Ges AwZ wbKUeZx© nIqv m‡Ë¡I Zuviv KL‡bv gmwR‡` beex‡Z C‡ì QvjvZ Av`vq K‡ibwb| C‡ì GB gq`vbwU wQj g`xbvi gmwR‡` beexi c~e© ìRv eivei gvÎ cuvPkÕ MR ) ��{ �)��( ~‡i ÔevZ¡nvbÕ mgZj f~wg‡Z Aew¯’Z|112 GKwU ÔhCdÕ eY©bv Abyhvqx

wZwb GKevi gvÎ e„wói Kvi‡Y gmwR‡` beex‡Z C‡ì QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i‡Qb|113 AZGe e„wó wKsev fxwZ ev Ab¨ †Kvb eva¨MZ Kvi‡Y

110. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/1431; H, e½vbyev` nv/1347| 111. wgiÔAvZ, 2/331; H, 5/31 c„t| 112. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/237-38; wgiÔAvZ 2/327; H, 5/22 c„t| 113. Avey vE`, Beby gvRvn, wgkKvZ, nv/1448 mb` ÔhCdÕ|

33

34

gq`v‡b hvIqv Am¤¢e nÕ‡j gmwR‡` C‡ì RvgvÔAvZ Kiv hv‡e|114 wKš‘ evqZzj−vn kixd e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kv_vI webv Kvi‡Y eo gmwR‡ì †`vnvB w`‡q †mLv‡b C‡ì QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv mybœvZ we‡ivax KvR|

(10) RygÔAv, C` I AvK¡xK¡v GKB w`‡b: RygÔAv I C` GKB w`‡b nIqv‡Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) yÕwUB c‡o‡Qb| Z‡e hviv C` c‡o‡Qb, Zv‡ì Rb¨ RygÔAv Acwinvh© K‡ibwb|115 Abyiƒcfv‡e AvK¡xK¡v I Kzievbx GKB w`‡b nÕ‡j Ges yÕwUB Kiv mv‡a¨ bv Kzjv‡j AvK¡xK¡v AMÖvwaKvi cv‡e| †Kbbv mvZ w`‡b AvK¡xK¡v KivB Qnxn nv`xQ m¤§Z|116

(11) C`vq‡bi Qvjv‡Z AwZwi³ ZvKexi: cÖ_g ivKÔAv‡Z ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv I Qvbv covi c‡i wK¡ivAv‡Zi c~‡e© mvZ I wØZxq ivKÔAv‡Z Qvjv‡Zi ZvKexi e¨ZxZ wK¡ivAv‡Zi c~‡e© cuvP †gvU ev‡iv ZvKexi †Ìqv mybœvZ| hw` †KD fy‡j hvq I wKivÔAvZ ïi“ K‡i †`q, ZvnÕ‡j cybivq ZvKexi w`‡Z n‡e bv|117 hw` MYbvq Kg‡ekx n‡q hvq, Zv‡Z wmR`v‡q m‡nv jv‡M bv| yB ZvKex‡ii gv‡S ¯í weiwZ mn ax‡i-my‡¯’ cÖwZwU ZvKexi w`‡e| cÖwZ ZvKex‡i yÕnvZ DVv‡e I evg nv‡Zi Dci Wvb nvZ ey‡K euva‡e|118

Pvi Ljxdv I g`xbvi †kªô mvZ Rb Zv‡eC dK¡xn mn cÖvq mKj Qvnvex, Zv‡eC, wZb Bgvg I Ab¨vb¨ †kªô gynvwÏQ I gyRZvwn` BgvgMY Ges Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (int)-Gi yB cÖavb wkl¨ Bgvg Avey BDmyd I gynv¤§v` (int) ev‡iv ZvKex‡ii Dc‡i Avgj Ki‡Zb| fvi‡Zi yÕRb L¨vZbvgv nvbvdx weØvb Avãyj nvB jv‡¶èŠex I Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix ev‡iv ZvKexi‡K mg_©b K‡i‡Qb|119 114. Avj-gyMbx 2/235 c„t; wdK¡ûm mybœvn, 1/318; H, 1/237 c„t| 115. wdK¡ûm mybœvn, 1/316; H, 1/236 c„t; bvqj 4/231 c„t| 116. wZiwghx, Avey vE`, wgkKvZ nv/4153 ÔwkKvi I hen mg~nÕ Aa¨vq ÔAvK¡xK¡vÕ Aby‡”Q`| 117. Beby Kz vgv, Avj-gyMbx 2/242 c„t; wgiÔAvZ 5/53 c„t| 118. evqnvK¡x 3/293 c„t; wgiÔAvZ 5/54 c„t; Avj-gyMbx 2/242 c„t; eyLvix,

wgkKvZ nv/798 ÔQvjv‡Zi weeiYÕ Aby‡”Q`| 119. wgiÔAvZ 2/338, 341 c„t; H, 5/46, 51, 52 c„t|

34

35

ev‡iv ZvKexi m¤ú‡K© Qnxn, nvmvb I hCd mb‡` eû nv`xQ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ me©vwaK cÖwm× wZbwU Qnxn nv`xQ wb‡æ cÖ Ë nÕjt

(1) gv Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb,

3c�� (�R 12 ��# �� | � -�@E1� 5n�� Co5� ��# 4�/X �� 4#-� /� �4E/k KS��E�9 5a�"�� # 5� �m�� /� )/9�E�9 d 5��)R�� e��)�� $�#� O �# o*�� :5�/�Kr�E�9 d5¡� 4�50Cn/05¢�J

Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) C yj wdri I C yj Avhnv‡Z cÖ_g ivKÔAv‡Z mvZ ZvKexi I wØZxq ivKÔAv‡Z cuvP ZvKexi w`‡Zb i“Kzi ZvKexi e¨ZxZÕ|120 `vivKzrbxi eY©bvq G‡m‡Q ÔZvKex‡i Zvnixgv e¨ZxZÕ|121

kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, AÎ nv`x‡Qi mb‡` Beby jvnxÔAvn _vKvi Kvi‡Y A‡b‡K nv`xQwU‡K ÔhCdÕ e‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ hLb wZb Avãyj−vn A_©vr Avãyj−vn Bebyj gyeviK, Avãyj−vn web Iqvnve Ges Avãyj−vn Avj-gyK¡ix Zuvi †_‡K nv`xQ eY©bv K‡ib, ZLb †mwU ÔQnxnÕ wnmv‡e MY¨ nq| Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z AÎ nv`xQwU Avãyj−vn web Iqvnve eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Beby jvnxÔAvn †_‡K wZwb Lv‡j` Beby Bqvhx` †_‡K| AZGe nv`xQwUi mb` Qnxn|122

2 bs nv`xQ:

�5= /�,E-R �� # �� | ,£B�� 6(-� $D � �� E �� R � �/�5.C�� -[4E-* �m�4E/� �-�4#�� 5= 5�42/4�5�C�� ¤� �5= /# 5r �/�)5.C�� -[4E-* �m�4 /; 5r/�5;�� $�#� O5r

� ��# dN��0��D�J Abyev`t KvQxi Be‡b Avãyj−vn ¯xq wcZv nÕ‡Z wZwb ¯xq `v`v ÔAvgi Be‡b ÔAvId Avj-gyhvbx (eìx Qvnvex) nÕ‡Z eY©bv K‡ib †h, ivm~jyj−vn

120. Avey `vE` nv/1149; Qnxn Avey vE` nv/1018-19| 121. `vivKzrbx (êi“Zt 1417/1996) nv/1704| 122. BiIqvDj Mvjxj nv/639-Gi e¨vL¨v, 3/107-108 c„t|

35

36

(Qvt) C`vq‡bi cÖ_g ivKÔAv‡Z wK¡ivAv‡Zi c~‡e© mvZ I wØZxq ivKÔAv‡Z wK¡ivAv‡Zi c~‡e© cuvP ZvKexi w`‡ZbÕ|123 nv`xQwU m¤ú‡K© Bgvg wZiwghx e‡jb,

�� A # �� 2� ��R D �2� �) 8�E�� NA � d#� z�? �� # �� | £B��J �) d��yE�� 2 � � ��q� �� c�*

c�*� �� # �NA �� M|� z�? 8�E�� NA � �� c�.= �2G� �NAJ A_©t nv`xQwUi mb` ÔnvmvbÕ Ges GwUB C`vq‡bi AwZwi³ ZvKexi m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z Ôme©vwaK my›ìÕ eY©bvÕ| wZiwghx e‡jb, GUvB g`xbvevmx‡ì Avgj Ges GK_vB e‡jb Bgvg gv‡jK, kv‡dC, Avngv` I BmnvK¡ cÖgyL|124 wZwb AviI e‡jb †h, Avwg G m¤ú‡K© Avgvi D —vh Bgvg eyLvix‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡j wZwb e‡jb, C`vq‡bi Qvjv‡Zi AwZwi³ ZvKexi m¤ú‡K© Gi PvB‡Z AwaK Avi †Kvb Qnxn †iIqvqvZ †bBÕ|125 Z‡e Qv‡n‡e Zzndv I Qv‡n‡e wgiÔAvZ e‡jb, wewfbœ ÔkvIqv‡n`Õ-Gi Kvi‡Y wZiwghx G‡K ÔnvmvbÕ e‡j‡QbÕ|126 kvqL Avjevbx (int) e‡jb, nv`xQwUi mb` ÔLyeB hCdÕ| wKš‘ eû ÔkvIqv‡n`Õ-Gi Kvi‡Y nv`xQwU kw³kvjx n‡q‡QÕ|127

123. wZiwghx, Beby gvRvn, wgkKvZ, nv/1441; GLv‡b wgkKv‡Z Ô`v‡igxÕ †jLv

n‡q‡Q, †hUv fzj| †Kbbv `v‡igx‡Z G nv`xQ †bB; Avjevbx, Qnxn wZiwghx nv/442; Qnxn Beby gvRvn nv/1064| GZØ¨ZxZ Qnxn Avey vE‡` Av‡qkv I Avãyj−vn Be‡b Avgi (ivt) nÕ‡Z 4wU nv`xQ bs 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021 Ges Qnxn Beby gvRvn‡Z ivm~‡ji Ab¨Zg gyIqvhwhb mvÔ` Avj-K¡vivh, Avãyj−vn Be‡b Avgi I Av‡qkv (ivt) nÕ‡Z AviI 3wU nv`xQ bs 1062, 1063, 1065 ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| D‡j−L¨ †h, nv`xQ¸wji †Kvb †KvbwU mivmwi ÔQnxnÕ bq| eis ÔkvIqv‡n`Õ-Gi Kvi‡Y ÔQnxnÕ|

124. Rv‡g wZiwghx (w`j−xt 1308 wnt), 1/70 c„t; Avjevbx, Qnxn wZiwghx, nv/442; Beby gvRvn (êi“Zt Zvwe) nv/1279; wgiÔAvZ 5/48 c„t|

125. evqnvK¡x (êi“Zt Zvwe), 3/286 c„t; wgiÔAvZ, 2/339 c„t; H, 5/48 c„t| 126. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/82 c„t; wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 5/55 c„t| 127. wgkKvZ nv/1441 -Gi UxKv 1, 1/453 c„t|

36

37

3 bs nv`xQ:

��)� # �� | � -c�� 6(-� $D � �� ? �� #� � /# �m�4E)/� �-�4#3qC�� 5= r/�4�5EC�/9 -r/�/s/ 4�/04B5\ /�Co5nC��/# �/X4�-qC�� 5�42/4�5�C�� 5= /�,E-R Q)5=

a2�#� �# O5g�/�4�5bC�� 5r/�4�5EC�/9 d/�5� �m�4 /; 5r/�4�5;-qC�� : 4�5EC�/9 d/�5� $�#� O5r- ,!�� 5r/��.<�E��# o*��J

Abyev`: ÔAvgi Be‡b ïÔAvBe Zvi wcZv nÕ‡Z wZwb Zvi `v`v Avãyj−vn Be‡b ÔAvgi Bebyj ÔAvQ (ivt) nÕ‡Z eY©bv K‡ib †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) C yj Avhnv I C yj wdr‡i ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv e¨ZxZ cÖ_g ivKÔAv‡Z mvZwU I †kl ivKÔAv‡Z cuuvPwU (AwZwi³) ZvKexi w`‡ZbÕ| Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, ÔQvjv‡Zi ZvKexiÕ e¨ZxZ|128

AÎ nv`xQwU m¤ú‡K© Qv‡n‡e Zzndv I Qv‡n‡e wgiÔAvZ Df‡q e‡jb, 8�E�� z�? M|� #� �� E �2� (� �A�L�� Ômb` wnmv‡e GUv cwi®‹vi †h, Avãyj−vn Be‡b Avgi ewY©Z AÎ nv`xQwUB G wel‡q me©vwaK weï× nv`xQÕ|129

kvqL Avjevbx nv`xQwU‡K ÔnvmvbÕ e‡j‡Qb| Bgvg Avngv`, Bgvg eyLvix I Zuvi DmZvh Avjx Bebyj gv`xbx nv`xQwU‡K ÔQnxnÕ e‡j‡Qb| Avj−vgv

bxgfx e‡jb, nv`xQwUi mb‡ì g~j †K› ªwe› y ( ��)�) nÕ‡jb Avãyj−vn Be‡b Avãyi ingvb AvZ-Z¡v‡qdx| Zuv‡K †Kvb †Kvb weØvb ÔhCdÕ

128. `vivKzrbx nv/1712, 1714 ÔC`v‡qbÕ Aa¨vq; evqnvK¡x 2/285 c„t| nv`xQwUi

†klvskwU `vivKzrbx I evqnvK¡x‡Z G‡m‡Q| GZØ¨ZxZ nv`xQwU ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Avey vE` nv/1151, Avjevbx-Qnxn Avey vE` nv/1020; Qnxn Beby gvRvn nv/1063|

129. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/82; wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 5/55 c„t| Bgvg kvIKvbx (int) C`vq‡bi AwZwi³ ZvKexi wel‡q 10wU gZ‡f` D‡j−L K‡i 12 ZvKexi‡KB Ôme©vMÖMY¨Õ ) أر�� ا��ال( wnmv‡e gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb| `ªt bvqj 4/257 c„t|

37

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e‡j‡Qb| Qv‡n‡e wgiÔAvZ e‡jb, Avngv`, eyLvix, Avjx Bebyj gv`xbx

cÖgyL weØvbM‡Yi b¨vq nv`xQ kv‡¯¿i †kªôZg e¨w³e‡M©i (rN))��<D) e³‡eï c‡i Ab¨‡ì e³‡eï cÖwZ „KcvZ bv Ki‡jI P‡j| gyRZvwn` BgvgMY G nv`xQ †_‡K `jxj MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Beby ÔAv`x e‡jb, Avgi Beby ïÔAvBe †_‡K Avãyi ingvb AvZ-Z¡v‡qdxi mKj eY©bv my „p

( a �.0�)�)| nv‡dh BivK¡x e‡jb, ¥�)| $��B)�7 ÔAÎ nv`x‡Qi mb` `jxj‡hvM¨Õ| wZiwghxi fvl¨Kvi Qv‡n‡e Zzndv e‡jb,

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ÔmviK_v GB †h, Avãyj−vn Be‡b Avg‡ii nv`xQwU ÔnvmvbÕ I `jxj MÖn‡Yi †hvM¨ Ges G‡K kw³kvjx K‡i H mKj nv`xQ, †h¸wji w`‡K wZiwghx Bw½Z K‡i‡QbÕ|130

ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv mn wK-bv? G¶‡Y D³ ev‡iv ZvKexi ÔZvKex‡i ZvnixgvÕ mn, bvwK IUv ev‡`, G wel‡q weØvbMY gZ‡f` K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg kv‡dC, AvIhvC, Beby nvhg cÖgyL weØvbMY ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv e¨ZxZ cÖ_g ivKÔAv‡Z mvZ ZvKexi e‡jb| c¶vš—‡i Bgvg gv‡jK I Avngv` ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv mn mvZ ZvKexi e‡jb|131

(1) G wel‡q eyj~ j gviv‡gi fvl¨Kvi Qv‡n‡e myeyjym mvjvg e‡jb,

0=f� r�E�0� �� [ 0§# �)�#� �)� �� M�#��# �A�¨ �� # ¢�0 ... #c�* : �n)?� �)"� # $D � �� ? �� #� �2© [ �� ª#��

8�)E�� z�? ÔGwU ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv mn nIqvi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q| wKš‘ 130. Avãyi ingvb gyeviKcyix, ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx kin Rv‡gÔ wZiwghx (g`xbvt

gvKZvev mvjvwdBqvn 1384/1964) 3/85 c„t; Avj-gyMbx 2/238 c„t| 131. wgiÔAvZ 5/46 c„t|

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GwU Zv e¨ZxZ| eis GUvB AwaKZi ¯úó †h, GwU ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv e¨ZxZ|... wZwb e‡jb, m‡e©vËg nÕj Avgi Be‡b ïÔAvBe KZ…©K Zvi wcZv, AZtci Zvi `v`v L¨vZbvgv Qvnvex nhiZ Avãyj−vn Be‡b Avgi Bebyj ÔAvQ (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z nv`x‡Qi Dc‡i Avgj Kiv| GwUB AÎ wel‡q me©vwaK ü`q kxZjKvix e¯‘Õ|132

(2) Bgvg beex (int) e‡jb,

A��R g��¡� �. ¢�0n0�f� �� .2 (� d�� S��E�9 kE� ª#�� (��2 « �g��.�� r�E�9 d�� m�� a�"�� # ��R��# g��¡� r�E�9J

ÔAb¨vb¨ Qvjv‡Zi b¨vq ZvKex‡i Zvnixgvi c‡i †`vÔAv‡q B‡ —dZvn (ÔQvbvÕ) cv‡Vi ci ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv I ZvKex‡i i“K‚ e¨wZ‡i‡K mvZ ZvKexi w`‡e Ges wØZxq ivKÔAv‡Z K¡Igvi ZvKexi ev‡` cuvP ZvKexi w`‡eÕ|133

(3) Qv‡n‡e wdK¡ûm mybœvn e‡jb,

ª#�� a�R�� r��.�� [E* ��!�� ¬�2 (� � <�= ��2 (�0�R� �� r^| g��.�� r�E�9 �¨ S��E�9 �� a�"�� # g��¡� r�E�9 �� S��E�9 kE�

r�E�9 [R k� �2�� k=� k�J ÔC‡ì QvjvZ yÕivKÔAvZ| G‡Z mybœvZ nÕj cÖ_g ivKÔAv‡Z ZvKex‡i Zvnixgvi c‡i I wK¡ivAv‡Zi c~‡e© mvZ ZvKexi I wØZxq ivKÔAv‡Z K¡Igvi ZvKexi e¨ZxZ cuvP ZvKexi †Ìqv Ges cÖwZ ZvKex‡i yB nvZ DVv‡bvÕ|134

132. gynv¤§v` web BmgvCj Avgxi QvbÔAvbx, myeyjym mvjvg kin eyj~ j gvivg

(Kvq‡ivt `vi“i ivBqvb 1407/1987) nv/461 -Gi e¨vL¨v, 2/141-42 c„t| 133. Bqvn&Bqv web kvid beex, iIhvZzZ Z¡v‡jexb (êi“Z: 1412/1991) ÔQvjvZzj

C‡ì weeiYÕ Aa¨vq 2/71 c„t | 134. mvB‡q` mv‡eK¡, wdK¡ûm mybœvn (Kvq‡ivt `vi“j dvrn 1412/1992) 1/239 c„t|

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(4) wZiwghxi fvl¨Kvi Qv‡n‡e Zzndv e‡jb, r�E)�9 (7 c�* �� F0��#�� r�#�� g��¡� �)2�� h^�b)� ª#�� kE�� J Ôhviv ZvKex‡i

Zvnixgv‡K cÖ_g ivKÔAv‡Zi mvZ ZvKex‡ii g‡a¨ MY¨ K‡i‡Qb, Zviv nv`xQ mg~‡ni ÔgyZ¡jvK¡Õ ev mvaviY (mvZ) kã †_‡K `jxj wb‡q‡QbÕ|135 A_P DQ~‡j nv`x‡Qi wbqg Abyhvqx ÔgyZ¡jvK¡Õ ev e¨vL¨vk~b¨ nv`x‡Qi Dc‡i we —vwiZ nv`xQ AMÖMY¨| hv `vivKzrbx‡Z 1712 I 1714 bs nv`x‡Q Avgi Be‡b ïÔAvBe Zvi wcZv I `v`v nÕ‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e

`vivKzrbx 1704 bs nv`x‡Q Av‡qkv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, d/�)5�C�� 5r/�4�5EC�/95b5¢�/0Cn504� ÔZvKex‡i Zvnixgv e¨ZxZÕ|

(5) wgkKv‡Zi fvl¨Kvi Ievq yj−vn gyeviKcyix e‡jb, 1�<l��/� 5[� C�1 /0/�,�1� -�,"/< ��#� �� ÔGUvB me©vwaK ¯úó eis wbw ©ó †h, IUv ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv

e¨ZxZÕ|136 †Kbbv ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv nÕj dih| hv mKj Qvjv‡ZB w`‡Z nq| Avi G¸wj nÕj AwZwi³ ev bdj ZvKexi| hv †Kej C‡ì Qvjv‡Z w`‡Z nq|

(6) Zuv‡ì Av‡iKwU `jxj nÕj Avãyj−vn Be‡b AveŸvm (ivt) -Gi K‡qKwU ÔAvQviÕ, hvi eY©bvm~Î Qnxn nÕ‡jI Zv 7, 9, 11, 12, 13 g‡g© ci®ú‡ii we‡ivax|137 AZGe GKRb Qvnvexi ci®úi we‡ivax Avg‡ji wecix‡Z ivm~‡ji ¯úó Qnxn gvid‚Ô nv`xQ wbtm‡›`‡n AMÖMY¨| ZvQvov GUv ¯úó †h, AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi eskai AveŸvmxq LjxdvMY mK‡j 12 ZvKex‡ii Dc‡i Avgj K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z eySv hvq †h, Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi wbqwgZ Avgj 12 ZvKex‡ii Dc‡iB wQj|138

135. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx nv/534 -Gi e¨vL¨v, 3/83 c„t| 136. wgiÔAvZ, 2/338 c„t; H, 5/46 c„t| 137. BiIqvDj Mvjxj 3/112 c„t; RvInvi“b bvK¡x kin evqnvK¡x 3/287| 138. evqnvK¡x 3/291 c„t|

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(7) kvqL Avjevbx D³ ZvKexi mg~n‡K ÔC`vq‡bi mv‡_ LvQ AwZwi³ ZvKexiÕ wnmv‡e MY¨ K‡i‡Qb|139 GZGe mvgwqK AwZwi³ ZvKexi KL‡bv wbqwgZ dih ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv I ZvKex‡i QvjvZ-Gi mv‡_ hy³ nÕ‡Z cv‡i bv|

(8) K‚dvi MeY©i mvC` Bebyj ÔAvQ nhiZ Avey g~mv AvkÔAvix‡K C`vq‡bi ZvKexi ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wKfv‡e w`‡qwQ‡jb, †mK_v wR‡Ám K‡ib|140 wZwb wbðqB †mLv‡b ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám K‡ibwb, hv mKj Qvjv‡ZB dih| eis ÔAwZwi³ ZvKexiÕ †f‡eB wZwb wR‡Ám K‡iwQ‡jb, G¸wj wKfv‡e w`‡Z n‡e †mUv Rvbvi Rb¨|

(9) D³ ZvKexi¸wj wQj wK¡ivAv‡Zi c~‡e©, Qvbvi c~‡e© bq| †Kbbv

nv`x‡Q D³ ZvKexi¸wj‡K ¯úófv‡eB r��).�� [)E* A_©vr ÔwK¡ivAv‡Zi

c~‡e©Õ ejv n‡q‡Q| GUv cÖgvwYZ †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ZvKex‡i Zvnixgvi c‡i †ek wKQy¶Y Pzc _vK‡Zb I ZLb ÔQvbvÕ (†`vÔAv‡q B‡ —dZvn) cvV Ki‡Zb|141 AZGe ÔQvbvÕ covi c‡i AwZwi³ ZvKexi¸wj w`‡j dih ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv †_‡K G¸wj‡K c„_K Kiv mnR nq|

Qq ZvKexi: nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei AbymvixMY cÖ_g ivKÔAv‡Z ZvKex‡i Zvnixgvi c‡i wK¡ivAv‡Zi c~‡e© cici wZbwU AwZwi³ ZvKexi Ges wØZxq ivKÔAv‡Z D‡V wK¡ivAv‡Zi c‡i i“Kzi ZvKexi QvovB AwZwi³ wZbwU ZvKexi w`‡q _v‡Kb| e¯‘Zt ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Qq ZvKex‡i C‡ì QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i‡Qb g‡g© Qnxn ev hCd †Kvb ¯úó gvid‚ nv`xQ †bB| Z‡e K‡qKRb Qvnvexi Avgj ev ÔAvQviÕ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †mLv‡b ¯úófv‡e Qq ZvKex‡ii K_v †bB| Gic‡iI †m¸wj meB ÔhCdÕ| †hgb Avey g~mv AvkÔAvix I ûhvqdv Bebyj Bqvgvb (ivt) ewY©Z ÔAvQviÕ,

139. BiIqvDj Mvjxj 3/113 c„t|

140. Avey vE`, wgkKvZ, nv/1443| 141. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/812|

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†hLv‡b ÔRvbvhvi ZvKex‡ii b¨vq Pvi ZvKexiÕ ejv n‡q‡Q|142 Abyiƒcfv‡e Be‡b gvmE` (ivt) nÕ‡Z 5+4 †gvU 9 ZvKex‡ii GKwU ÔAvQviÕ gymbv‡` Avãyi ivhhvK I gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqev‡Z Ges Beby AveŸvm I gyMxiv Be‡b †kvÔevn (ivt) nÕ‡Z bq ZvKex‡ii Av‡iKwU ÔAvQviÕ gymbv‡` Avãyi ivhhv‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ me¸wjB ÔhCdÕ|143

Avãyj−vn Beby gvmE` (ivt)-Gi ÔAvQviÕwU g~jZt Zuvi wbR¯ Dw³| wZwb GwU‡K ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi w`‡K m¤úwK©Z K‡ibwb| Dciš‘ D³ †iIqvqv‡Zi mb` mK‡jB ÔhCdÕ e‡j‡Qb|144 myZivs Beby gvmÔD` (ivt)-Gi mwVK Avgj wK wQj, †m e¨vcv‡iI m‡›`n †_‡K hvq| G wel‡q Bgvg evqnvK¡x e‡jb,

[ �� k� B�� 2G�# �B � �� E a<D �� d�� NA ª#� � ��=�0�� # kE02 (J

A_©t ÔGwU Avãyj−vn Be‡b gvmE‡ì Ôe¨w³MZ ivqÕ gvÎ| AZGe ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z gvid‚ nv`xQ, hvi Dc‡i gymjgvb‡ì Avgj Pvjy Av‡Q (A_©vr ev‡iv ZvKexi) Zvi Dc‡i Avgj KivB DËgÕ|145

D‡j−L¨ †h, Qq ZvKexi mve¨ — Kivi Rb¨ ÔRvbvhvi Pvi ZvKex‡ii b¨vqÕ e‡j yB ivKÔAv‡Z 4+4 †gvU 8 ZvKexi, Zb¥‡a¨ 1g ivKÔAv‡Z ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv mn wK¡ivAv‡Zi c~‡e© Pvi ZvKexi Ges 2q ivKÔAv‡Z i“Kzi ZvKexi mn wK¡ivAv‡Zi c‡i Pvi ZvKexi e‡j e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv I i“Kzi g~j ZvKexi yÕwU ev` w`‡j AwZwi³

142. Avey vE`, wgkKvZ, nv/1443 nv`xQ hCd-Avjevbx; †n`vqvZzi i“IqvZ

nv/1388, 2/121 c„t; wgiÔAvZ 5/46, 50-51 c„t|

143. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 5/86; gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn (†ev¤vBt 1979), 2/173 c„t|

144. evqnvK¡x, 3/290; bvqj, 4/254, 256; wgiÔAvZ 5/50-51 c„t|

145. evqnvK¡x, 3/291; wgiÔAvZ 5/51 c„t|

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wZb wZb QqwU ZvKexi nq| A_P D³ nv`x‡Q wK¡ivAv‡Zi Av‡M ev c‡i e‡j †Kvb K_v †bB| Abyiƒcfv‡e gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn&‡Z ewY©Z Ôbq ZvKexiÕ †_‡K ZvKex‡i Zvnixgv Ges 1g I 2q ivKÔAv‡Zi i“Kzi ZvKexi yÕwU mn †gvU wZbwU g~j ZvKexi ev` w`‡j AwZwi³ QqwU ZvKexi nq| Gfv‡eB e¨vL¨v K‡i Qq ZvKexi mve¨ — Kiv n‡q‡Q|146

Qv‡n‡e wgiÔAvZ Ievq yj−vn gyeviKcyix e‡jb, me‡P‡q DËg nÕj cÖ_g ivKÔAv‡Z wK¡ivAv‡Zi c~‡e© mvZ Ges wØZxq ivKÔAv‡Z wK¡ivAv‡Zi c~‡e© cuvP †gvU evi ZvKexi †Ìqv| KviY Gi Dc‡i G‡m‡Q A‡bK¸wj gid‚ nv`xQ, hvi KZK¸wj ÔQnxnÕ I KZK¸wj ÔnvmvbÕ| evKx¸wj ÔhCdÕ nÕ‡jI G‡ì mg_©bKvix| Beby Avwãj evi© e‡jb, 7 I 5 ev‡iv ZvKexi m¤ú‡K© ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †_‡K ÔnvmvbÕ m~‡Î eû nv`xQ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Avãyj−vn Be‡b Avgi, Avãyj−vn Be‡b Igi, Rv‡ei, Av‡qkv, Ave~ IqvwK¡ , Avgi Beby ÔAvId cÖgyL QvnvexMY †_‡K| wKš‘ kw³kvjx ev ye©j †Kvb m~‡Î Gi wecixZ wKQyB ewY©Z nqwb|

wØZxq KviY nÕj ev‡iv ZvKex‡ii Dc‡i Avgj K‡i‡Qb gnvb Pvi Ljxdv nhiZ AveyeKi, Igi, IQgvb I Avjx (ivwhqvj−vû Avbûg)Õ|147

AZGe 12 ZvKex‡ii ¯úó Qnxn gid‚ nv`x‡Qi Dc‡i Ges ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi Abym„Z mybœv‡Zi Dc‡i mK‡j Avgj Ki‡j mybœx gymjgvbMY Aš—Zt erm‡i yÕwU C‡ì Lykxi w`‡b HKë× nÕ‡q QvjvZ I Bev`Z Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| wKš‘ Øx‡bi †`vnvB w`‡qB Avgiv Øxb`vi gymjgvb‡ì wef³ K‡i †i‡LwQ| Avj−vn cvK Avgv‡ì‡K Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Dc‡i Avg‡ji wfwË‡Z HKë× I kw³kvjx RvwZ nIqvi ZvIdxK¡ `vb Ki“b| Avgxb!!

146. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 5/86, 88 c„t| 147. wgiÔAvZ 5/53 c„t|

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(12) C`vq‡bi Ab¨vb¨ gvmv‡qj: (K) gymjgvb‡ì RvZxq Avb›` Drme gvÎ yÕwU, C yj wdri I C yj Avhnv|148 G¶‡Y ÔC‡` gxjv ybœexÕ bv‡g Z„Zxq Av‡iKwU C`-Gi cÖPjb NUv‡bv wbtm‡›`‡n we`ÔAvZ, hv Aek¨B cwiZ¨vR¨|

(L) yB C‡ì w`b wQqvg cvjb wbwl× Ges AvBqv‡g Zvkix‡K¡i wZbw`b 11, 12 I 13B whjnv¾ Lvbv-wcbvi w`b|149

(M) C‡ì w`b ci®ú‡i Kzkj wewbgq, Lvbvwcbv I wb‡ ©vl †Ljva~jv: C‡ì w`b Qvnvev‡q †Kivg ci®ú‡i mv¶vr nÕ‡j ej‡Zb ÔZ vK ¡veŸvjvj−vû

wgbœv I q v wgbKvÕ (A_©t Avj−vn Avgv‡ì I Avcbvi c¶ nÕ‡Z Keyj Ki“b!)|150 AZGe ÔC` †gveviKÕ ej‡jI mv‡_ mv‡_ Dc‡iv³ †`vÔAvwU cov DwPZ| C‡ì w`b Ges C yj Avhnvi c‡ii wZbw`b ci®ú‡ii evox‡Z Lvbvwcbv Ges wb‡ ©vl †Ljvayjv I Bmjvgx mvs®K…wZK Abyôvbvw` Kiv hv‡e|151 AZGe Dfq C‡ì miKvix QywU Kgc‡¶ Qqw`b _vKv DwPZ| D‡j−L¨ †h, C‡ì Lykx‡Z Mvb-evRbv, cUKvevwR, gvBKevwR, K¨v‡mUevwR, PwiÎ weaŸsmx wfwWI-wmwW cÖ k©b, ev‡R wm‡bgv †`Lv Ges †Ljva~jvi bv‡g bvix-cyi“‡li Aeva mgv‡ek m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbwl×|

(N) C‡ì K¡vhv: Ôhw` †KD cÖ_‡g Puv` †`L‡Z bv †c‡q wQqvg iv‡L I c‡i w`‡bi †k‡l Rvb‡Z cv‡i, †m e¨w³ wQqvg f½ Ki‡e I c‡ii w`b mKv‡j C‡ì K¡vhv Av`vq Ki‡eÕ|152 Abyiƒcfv‡e Ab¨ †Kvb eva¨MZ Kvi‡Y †KD C‡ì w`b C‡ì QvjvZ Av`v‡q e¨_© nÕ‡j c‡ii w`b mKv‡j K¡vhv Av`vq Ki‡eÔ|153

148. Avey vE`, wgkKvZ, nv/1439| 149. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ, nv/2048; gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/2050| 150. Avj-gyMbx 2/259 c„t; wdK¡ûm mybœvn, 1/315 c„t; H, 1/242 c„t| 151. wdK¡ûm mybœvn, 1/322 c„t; H, 1/241 c„t| 152. Avngv`, bvmvC, Beby gvRvn, mb` Qnxn, BiIqv nv/634| 153. H, wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/241 c„t; Avj-gyMbx 2/250-51 c„t |

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4. Beivnxgx †PZbv ebvg cÖPwjZ †PZbv:

nhiZ Beivnxg (AvjvBwnm mvjvg)-Gi hy‡M yÕai‡bi gvbyl wQj| ZviKvc~Rvix I g~wZ©c~Rvix| ZviKv A_ev g~wZ©i Amxjvq gvbyl Avj−vn&i ˆbKU¨ Kvgbv KiZ Ges Gme Amxjv‡K Lykx Kivi Rb¨ Kzievbx KiZ| Gi cÖwZev` ¯iƒc Beivnxg (Avt) mivmwi Avj−vn&i bv‡g I Avj−vn&i D‡Ï‡k¨ ZuuviB ûKy‡g ¯xq cÖvYvwaK wcÖq cyÎ‡K Kzievbx †`b| cy‡Îi wewbg‡q Avj−vn&i ûKz‡g y¤v Kzievbx nq Ges Zv cieZx©‡ì Rb¨ wbqg wnmv‡e Pvjy nq ( QvddvZ 3 7 / 1 08)|

BwZc~‡e© Beivnxg (Avt) ¯xq g~wZc~Rvix KIg‡K j¶¨ K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb,

-(4�105X4B/9 �/� -(4#11E4�/9-� -c�-*J -.-�/; 1�6��/# -(4�3�/ 4�/9 �/�/# 4�3�J�3��-* 1$4�3.C�-q-= �m"�/�4B1� 1�-� �4�1B4�� 5�4�5X/vC�� 5=J/�4�5�-n4�-qC�� 1�1A�/BC�/�/v-= �m4�-R 5�5� �4#1��/�-q-= J) S�=�!��®JW(J

ÔAvcbviv wbR nv‡Z g~wZ© ‰Zwi K‡ib, Avevi ZviB c~Rv K‡ib?Õ ÔA_P Avj−vn Avcbv‡ì I Avcbv‡ì mKj Kg©‡K m„wó K‡i‡QbÕ| jv-RIqve †bZviv †µv‡a AwMœkg©v n‡q ejj, ÔGi Rb¨ GKUv †Ìqvj wbg©vY Ki| AZtci I‡K †mB AwMœKz‡Ê wb‡¶c KiÕ| ÔGfv‡e Zviv Zvi wei“‡× Mfxi lohš¿ AuvU‡jv| wKš‘ Avgiv Zv‡ì civf~Z K‡i w`jvgÕ ( QvddvZ 95-

98)| cieZx©Kv‡j Beivnxg (Avt)-Gi Abymvixiv ZvInx‡ì gg© fy‡j hvq Ges Rv‡njx hy‡Mi Avieiv Avj−vn‡K ¯xKvi Kiv m‡Ë¡I Zv‡ì aviYv g‡Z wewfbœ g„Z mr †jv‡Ki Amxjvq ciKv‡j gyw³ cvIqvi Avkvq Zv‡ì g~wZ©c~Rvq wjß nq Ges GBme Amxjv‡K Lykx Kivi Rb¨ g~wZ©i D‡Ï‡k¨ Kzievbx Ki‡Z _v‡K| †klbex gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi AvMg‡bi cÖv°v‡j KvÔevM„n 360wU g~wZ©‡Z f‡i hvq| hvi wei“‡× wZwb AvRxeb msMÖvg K‡ib I KvÔevM„n mn mgMÖ Avie Rvnvb‡K g~wZ©gy³ K‡ib| A_P gynv¤§v` (Qvt)-Gi D¤§ZMY Rv‡njx Avi‡ei gykwiK‡ì b¨vq AvR wewfbœ cx‡ii ìMvq wM‡q Mi“-Lvwm-gyiMx Kzievbx w`‡”Q| Ab¨w`‡K ivRbxwZi bv‡g GK`j gymjgvb wb‡R‡ì ˆZwi Kw_Z knx` wgbvi, ¯§„wZ‡mŠa, wkLv Awbe©vY, wkLv wPiš—b BZ¨vw` evwb‡q †mLv‡b cy®úvN© wb‡e`b Ki‡Q| AZtci †mLv‡b kª×vebZwP‡Ë uvwo‡q bxieZv cvjb Ki‡Q| A_P

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†mLv‡b †Kvb jvkI †bB KeiI †bB| G „k¨ Beivnxg (Avt)-Gi hy‡M cÖPwjZ wkiK-Gi K_vB ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| Rxeš— gvbyl ¶zavq g‡i| Zvi cÖwZ †KD `qv K‡i bv| A_P g„‡Zi Ke‡i gvbyl jvL UvKv Xv‡j, hvi wKQziB cÖ‡qvRb †bB| †mLv‡b wM‡q Kvu‡`, hvi †KvbB ¶gZv †bB| †mLv‡b wM‡q kª×v †`Lvq, †h †`L‡ZI cvq bv, ïb‡ZI cvq bv, AbyfeI K‡i bv| A_P gvbyl †mLv‡bB Rgv nq| Gi †P‡q g~L©Zv Avi Kx nÕ‡Z cv‡i?

Rvbv Avek¨K †h, C yj Avhnvi Kzievbxi Avb›` g~jZt wkiK gyw³i Avb›`, ZvInx‡ì SvÊv‡K Av‡cvlnxbfv‡e DbœxZ Kivi Avb›`| A_P Avgiv Beivnxg (Avt)-Gi †mB wb‡f©Rvj ZvInx`x †PZbv nvwi‡q †d‡jwQ| Ab¨w`‡K GK`j †jvK Kzievbx‡K †mªd †MvkZLyixi Drm‡e cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| cÖPwjZ GB †PZbv Beivnxgx †PZbvi m¤ú~Y© cwicš’x| ZvB AbwZwej‡¤ wkiKx †PZbv nÕ‡Z ZIev K‡i ZvInx`x †PZbv cÖwZwôZ Kiv Acwinvh©| bB‡j Kzievbxi g~j D‡Ïk¨ ÔZvK¡IqvÕ ev GKwbô Avj−vnfxwZ KL‡bvB AwR©Z n‡e bv| Avi cÖK…Z Avj−vnfxwZB RvZxq DbœwZ I AMÖMwZi PvweKvwV| Beivnxgx Cgvb hw` Avevi RvMÖZ nq, Z‡e AvaywbK Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi Mvp Zwgkªv †f` K‡i cybivq gvbeZvi weRq wbkvb DÇxb n‡e| mgv‡R kvwš— I mg„w× wd‡i Avm‡e| D ©~ Kwe e‡jb,

AvMvi †n v h v‡ q †di n vg † g u Bei vn xg K v C g uv c q `v Av- M †g u †n v †m KZ v n vq † di Av› ` v- ‡ h ¸wj¯ —uv c q `v|

A_©t hw` Avgv‡ì gv‡S †di Beivnx‡gi Cgvb cq`v nq, ZvnÕ‡j AwMœi gv‡S †di dzjev‡Mi bgybv m„wó nÕ‡Z cv‡iÕ|

I‡i nZ¨v bq AvR mZ¨vMÖn kw³i D‡Øvab H Ly‡bi LyuwU‡Z Kj¨vY‡KZz j¶¨ H †ZviY

AvwR Avj−vn&i bv‡g Rvb †Kviev‡b C‡ì c~Z †evab| I‡i nZ¨v bq AvR mZ¨vMÖn kw³i D‡Øvab\

M„nxZt KvR x b Ri “j B m jvg - Gi ÔKzie vb xÕ Kwe Zv nÕ‡Z|

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47

AvK¡xK¡v )� � ��( Aa¨vq

msÁv:

$��? �� B 5�5 4�1E1� g�2 �� 1M/�CN19 ¦�� aX��N�� #� �� o� �� ?J ÔbeRvZ wkïi gv_vi Pyj A_ev mßg w`‡b beRvZ‡Ki Pyj †djvi mgq henK…Z eKix‡K AvK¡xK¡v ejv nqÕ|154

AvK¡xK¡vi cÖPjb

(1) eyivq`v (ivt) e‡jb, Rv‡njx hy‡M Avgv‡ì KviI mš—vb f~wgó nÕ‡j Zvi c¶ nÕ‡Z GKUv eKix hen Kiv nÕZ Ges Zvi i³ wkïi gv_vq gvwL‡q †Ìqv nÕZ| AZtci ÔBmjvgÕ Avmvi ci Avgiv wkï R‡b¥i mßg w`‡b eKix hen Kwi Ges wkïi gv_v gyÊb K‡i †mLv‡b ÔhvdivbÕ gvwL‡q †`BÕ (Avey vE`)| ivhxb -Gi eY©bvq G‡m‡Q †h, Hw`b Avgiv wkïi bvg ivwLÕ|155

(2) nhiZ Avjx (ivt) ewY©Z nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q †h, nvmvb -Gi AvK¡xK¡vi w`b ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Kb¨v dv‡Zgv‡K e‡jb, nvmv‡bi gv_vi Pz‡ji Ih‡b iƒcv Qv`vK¡v Ki| ZLb Avgiv Zv Ihb Kwi Ges Zv GK wìnvg (†iŠc¨gy ªv) ev Zvi wKQz Kg nqÕ|156

� D‡j−L¨ †h, ÔPy‡ji Ih‡b ¯Y© A_ev †iŠc¨ †Ìqvi I mßg w`‡b Lvrbv †ÌqviÕ wel‡q evqnvK¡x I Z¡vevivYx ewY©Z nv`xQ ÔhCdÕ|157

154. Avj-gyÔRvgyj IqvmxZ¡| 155. wgkKvZ nv/4158 Ôhen I wkKviÕ Aa¨vq, ÔAvK¡xK¡vÕ Aby‡”Q`| 156. wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/4154; Avngv`, BiIqv nv/1175| 157. Avjevbx, BiIqvDj Mvjxj 4/383, 385 c„t|

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48

ûKzg

AvK¡xK¡v Kiv mybœvZ| Qvnvex, Zv‡eC I dK¡xn weØvbM‡Yi cÖvq mK‡j G‡Z GKgZ| nvmvb evQix I `vE` hv‡nix G‡K IqvwRe e‡jb| Z‡e Avnjyi ivq (nvbvdx) MY G‡K mybœvZ e‡jb bv| †Kbbv GwU Rv‡njx hy‡M †iIqvR wQj| †KD e‡jb, GwU Zv‡ì Kv‡Q B”Qvaxb welq|158 wbtm‡›`‡n GwU cÖvK-Bmjvgx hy‡M Pvjy wQj| wKš‘ Zvi D‡Ïk¨ I aib c„_K wQj| Bmjvg Avmvi ci AvK¡xK¡vi †iIqvR wVK ivLv nq| wKš‘ Zvi D‡Ïk¨ I ai‡b cv_©K¨ nq| Rv‡njx hy‡M Avïivi wQqvg Pvjy wQj| Bmjvgx hy‡MI Zv Ae¨vnZ ivLv nq| AZGe cÖvK-Bmjvgx hy‡M AvK¡xK¡v wQj weavq Bmjvgx hy‡M †mUv Kiv hv‡e bv, Ggb K_v wVK bq|

¸i“Z¡ :

(1) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, / ��3o4�5�-�# �m�/� �B �4�3.425�4A-q-= ua-.4�5./ 5g- 1�C�� /k/�4B1� C��-qtd��yE�� $�#� d-{ Ômš—v‡bi mv‡_ AvK¡xK¡v RwoZ| AZGe †Zvgiv Zvi

c¶ †_‡K i³ cÖevwnZ Ki Ges Zvi †_‡K Kó ~i K‡i `vI (A_©vr Zvi Rb¨ GKwU AvK¡xK¡vi cï hen Ki Ges Zvi gv_vi Pyj †d‡j `vI)|159

(2) wZwb e‡jb, 1M/�CN19 5�50-.�.�� :�/</94�1�#� ua/B4�5A/� Kg- 3 [3R # k��)�� /g�2 �B a� °� $�#� 1�1�C�/� 1�-�4X12 /# �, /�12 ÔcÖ‡Z¨K wkï Zvi AvK¡xK¡vi mv‡_ eÜK _v‡K| AZGe R‡b¥i mßg w`‡b Zvi c¶ †_‡K cï hen Ki‡Z nq, bvg ivL‡Z nq I Zvi gv_v gyÊb Ki‡Z nqÕ|160

� Bgvg LvË¡vex e‡jb, ÔAvK¡xK¡vi mv‡_ wkï eÜK _v‡KÕ-GK_vi e¨vL¨vq Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤j (int) e‡jb, hw` ev”Pv AvK¡xK¡v QvovB ˆkk‡e gviv hvq, ZvÕn‡j †m Zvi wcZv-gvZvi Rb¨ wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b kvdvÔAvZ Ki‡e bvÕ| †KD e‡j‡Qb, AvK¡xK¡v †h Aek¨ KiYxq Ges Acwinvh© welq,

158. B e by Kz vgv, A vj- gyMb x 3 / 586 ; b vqj 6 /26 0 c „t| 159. eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/4149 ÔAvK¡xK¡vÕ Aby‡”Q`| 160. Avey vE`, bvmvC, wZiwghx, Beby gvRvn, Avngv`; BiIqv nv/1165|

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49

†mUv eySv‡bvi Rb¨B GLv‡b ÔeÜKÕ (�±�� ev a)B�A� ) kã eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv cwi‡kva bv Kiv ch©š— eÜK`vZvi wbKU eÜK MÖwnZv Ave× _v‡KÕ|161 Qv‡n‡e wgiK¡vZ †gvj−v Avjx K¡vix e‡jb, Gi A_© GUv nÕ‡Z cv‡i †h, AvK¡xK¡v eÜKx e¯‘i b¨vq| hZ¶Y Zv Qvov‡bv bv hvq, ZZ¶Y Zv †_‡K DcKvi MÖnY Kiv hvq bv| mš—vb wcZv-gvZvi Rb¨ Avj−vn&i we‡kl †bÔgZ| AZGe GRb¨ ïKwiqv Av`vq Kiv Zv‡ì Dci Aek¨ KZ©e¨Õ|162

(3) mvZ w`‡bi c~‡e© wkï gviv †M‡j Zvi Rb¨ AvK¡xK¡vi KZ©e¨ †kl n‡q hvq|163

AvK¡xK¡vi cï:

(1) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, QvM †nŠK ev QvMx †nŠK, †Q‡ji c¶ †_‡K yÕwU I †g‡qi c¶ †_‡K GKwU AvK¡xK¡v w`‡Z nqÕ|164 cyÎ mš—v‡bi Rb¨ yÕwU †ÌqvB DËg| Z‡e GKUv w`‡jI Pj‡e|165 QvMj yÕwUB Kzievbxi

cïi b¨vq ÔgywmbœvnÕ A_©vr y‡a uvZ †f‡½ bZzb uvZIqvjv nÕ‡Z n‡e Ges KvQvKvwQ mgvb ¯v‡¯’ i AwaKvix nÕ‡Z n‡e| Ggb bq †h, GKwU gywmbœvn n‡e, Ab¨wU gywmbœvn bq|166 GKwU Lvmx I Ab¨wU eKix nIqvq †Kvb †`vl †bB|

(2) Z¡vevivYx‡Z DU, Mi“ ev QvMj w`‡q AvK¡xK¡v Kiv m¤ú‡K© †h nv`xQ G‡m‡Q, Zv ÔgIh~Õ A_©vr Rvj|167 ZvQvov G wel‡q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kivg †_‡K †Kvb Avgj †bB|

161. kvIKvbx, bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 6/260 c„t ÔAvK¡xK¡vÕ Aa¨vq| 162. wgiK¡vZ kin wgkKvZ (w`j−x Qvcv, ZvwiL wenxb) ÔAvK¡xK¡vÕ Aby‡”Q` 8/156 c„t| 163. bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 6/261 c„t|

164. bvmvC, wZiwghx, Avey vE`, Beby gvRvn, wgkKvZ nv/4152, 4156; BiIqv nv/1166| 165. Avey vE`, wgkKvZ nv/4155; bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 6/262,264 c„t| 166. bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 6/262 c„t; AvIbyj gvÔe~ nv/2817-Gi e¨vL¨v `ªóe¨| 167. Avjevbx, BiIqvDj Mvjxj nv/1168|

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(3) wcZvi m¤§wZµ‡g A_ev Zuvi AeZ©gv‡b `v`v, PvPv, bvbv, gvgy †h‡Kvb AwffveK AvK¡xK¡v w`‡Z cv‡ib| nvmvb I †nvmv‡qb -Gi c‡¶ Zv‡ì bvbv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) AvK¡xK¡v w`‡qwQ‡jb|168

(4) mvZ w`‡bi c‡i 14 I 21 w`‡b AvK¡xK¡v †Ìqvi e¨vcv‡i evqnvK¡x, Z¡vevivYx I nv‡K‡g eyivq`v I Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z nv`xQ‡K kvqL Avjevbx ÔhCdÕ e‡j‡Qb|169

(5) kv‡dC weØvbM‡Yi g‡Z mvZ w`‡b AvK¡xK¡vi welqwU mxgv wb‡ ©k g~jK bq eis GLwZqvi g~jK (��0�� f ��0;^�)| Bgvg kv‡dC e‡jb, mvZ w`‡b AvK¡xK¡vi A_© nÕj, B”QvK…Zfv‡e †KD mvZ w`‡bi c‡i AvK¡xK¡v Ki‡e bv| hw` †Kvb Kvi‡Y wej¤ nq, GgbwK mš—vb ev‡jM n‡q hvq, ZvnÕ‡j Zvi c‡¶ Zvi Awffve‡Ki AvK¡xK¡vi `vwqZ¡ †kl n‡q hvq| GgZve¯’vq †m wb‡Ri AvK¡xK¡v wb‡R Ki‡Z cvi‡e|170

� D‡j−L¨ †h, beyAZ jv‡fi ci ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wb‡Ri AvK¡xK¡v wb‡R K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j evqnvK¡x‡Z Avbvm (ivt) ewY©Z nv`xQwU ÔgybKviÕ ev hCd171 eis GUvB cÖgvwYZ †h, Zuvi R‡b¥i mßg w`‡b Zuvi `v`v Avãyj gyË¡vwje Zuvi AvK¡xK¡v K‡ib I Ôgynv¤§v`Õ bvg iv‡Lb|172

AvK¡xK¡vi †`vÔAv:

Avjv- û¤§ v wgbKv I q v jvKv, AvK ¡xK ¡vZ v dzjvb| wem wgj−v- wn I q vj−v- û AvKei| G mgq ÔdzjvbÕ-Gi ¯’‡j ev”Pvi bvg ejv hv‡e|173 g‡b g‡b beRvZ‡Ki AvK¡xK¡vi wbqZ K‡i gy‡L †Kej Ôwem wgj−v- wn I q vj−v- û AvKeiÕ ej‡jI Pj‡e|

168. Avey vE`, bvmvC, wgkKvZ nv/4155| 169. BiIqvDj Mvjxj nv/1170| 170. bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 6/261 c„t|

171. bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 6/264 c„t| 172. evqnvK¡x, `vjv‡qjyb beyAZ (êi“Zt 1985) 1/113 c„t; myjvqgvb gvbQ~icyix,

ivngvZzj wjj Avjvgxb (w`j−x, 1980) 1/41 c„t| 173. gyQvbœvd Beby Avex kvqevn, Avey BqvÔjv, evqnvK¡x 9/304 c„t; bvqj 6/262 c„t|

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wkïi bvgKiY ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, Avj−vn&i wbKU me‡P‡q wcÖq bvg nÕj ÔAvãyj−vn I Avãyi ingvbÕ|174

Agymwjg‡ì mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj I wkiK-we`ÔAvZhy³ bvg ev WvKbvg ivLv hv‡e bv| ZvQvov Abvie‡ì Rb¨ Aviex fvlvq bvg ivLv Avek¨K| †Kbbv Abvie †`‡k GUvB gymwjg I Agymwj‡gi bv‡gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wb‡ ©k K‡i| AvRKvj G cv_©K¨ NywP‡q †Ìqvi Ac‡Póv Pj‡Q| ZvB bvg ivLvi Av‡M Aek¨B m‡PZb I †hvM¨ Av‡j‡gi Kv‡Q civgk© wb‡Z n‡e|

� D‡j−L¨ †h, wkï f~wgó nIqvi ciciB bvg ivLv hvq| †hgb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) GKw`b dR‡ii c‡i mevB‡K e‡jb, MZ iv‡Z Avgvi GKwU cyÎ mš—vb Rb¥jvf K‡i‡Q| Avwg Zv‡K Avgvi wcZvi bvgvbymv‡i ÔBeivnxgÕ bvg †i‡LwQÕ|175 Gfv‡e wZwb Avey Z¡vjnvi cyÎ Avãyj−vn I AvmIqv`cyÎ gybwhi-Gi bvg Zv‡ì R‡b¥i c‡iB †i‡LwQ‡jbÕ|176 Z‡e AvK¡xK¡v mßg w`‡bB n‡e|

bvgKiY wel‡q ÁvZe¨:

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) g›` bvg cwieZ©b K‡i w`‡Zb|177 GgbwK †Kvb MÖvg ev gnj−vi Acm›`bxq bvgI wZwb cwieZ©b K‡i w`‡Zb| †hgb Pjvi c‡_ GKwU MÖv‡gi bvg wZwb ï‡bb ÔIdivnÕ ( r/�)Cn1 ) A_© Ôa~mi gvwUÕ| wZwb

†mUv cwieZ©b K‡i iv‡Lb ÔLyhivnÕ (r/�4_1;) A_© ÔmeyR-k¨vgjÕ|178 Zuvi Kv‡Q AvMš‘K †Kvb e¨w³i bvg Acm›`bxq g‡b nÕ‡j wZwb Zv cv‡ë w`‡q fvj bvg †i‡L w`‡Zb|179 174. gymwjg, wgkKvZ, nv/4752ÔwkóvPviÕ Aa¨vq Ôbvgmg~nÕ Aby‡”Q`; BiIqv

nv/1176| 175. gymwjg, nv/2315 Ôdvhv‡qjÕ Aa¨vq nv/62| 176. gyMbx 11/125; AvIbyj gvÔe~ nv/2821-Gi e¨vL¨v `ªóe¨; gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn,

wgkKvZ nv/4759 Ôbvgmg~n Aby‡”Q`| 177. wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/4774; Qnxnvn nv/207| 178. Z¡vevivYx, wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/208| 179. wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/209|

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ÔAvj−vn&i `vmÕ ev ÔKi“Yvg‡qi `vmÕ GK_vUv †hb mš—v‡bi g‡b mviv Rxeb me©ve¯’vq RvMi“K _v‡K, †mRb¨B ÔAvãyj−vnÕ I ÔAvãyi ingvbÕ bvg yÕwU‡K m‡e©vËg ejv n‡q‡Q| AZGe Avj−vn ev Zuvi ¸YevPK bv‡gi mv‡_

ÔAve& Õ ms‡hv‡M bvg ivLvB DËg| Ggb bvg ivLv KL‡bvB DwPZ bq, hv Avj−vn&i ¯§iY †_‡K mš—vb‡K Mv‡dj K‡i †`q| †Kbbv fvj I g›` Dfq bv‡gi cÖfve mš—v‡bi Dci c‡o _v‡K| †hgb Ônvh&bÕ (KK©k) bv‡gi R‰bK e¨w³ im~‡ji ìev‡i G‡j wZwb Zvi bvg cvwë‡q Ômvn&jÕ (bgª) iv‡Lb| wKš‘ †jvKwU ejj, Avgvi ev‡ci ivLv bvg Avwg KL‡bvB Qvoe bv| cieZx©‡Z †jvKwUi †cŠÎ L¨vZbvgv Zv‡eC mvC` Bebyj gymvBwqe (int) e‡jb, †`Lv †M‡Q †h, Avgv‡ì es‡k wPiKvj i“¶Zv we`¨gvb wQjÕ|180

A‡b‡K mvwU©wd‡K‡Ui †`vnvB w`‡q wb‡R‡ì Acm›`bxq bvgmg~n cwieZ©b K‡ib bv| mviv Rxeb H g›` bvg enb K‡i Zviv Ke‡i P‡j hvb| A_P wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b ev›`v‡K Zvi wcZvi bvgmn WvKv n‡e| †hgb A½xKvi I wek¦vm f½Kvix (��¨) e¨w³‡ì †W‡K †mw`b ejv n‡e, GwU

ÔAgy‡Ki mš—vb Agy‡Ki wek¦vmNvZKZvÕ ( K(- )3= 5�4� 5(- 3= 3r/�4- $NA)|181 A½xKvi f½Kvix I wek¦vmNvZK‡ì hLb Zv‡ì wcZvi bvgmn WvKv n‡e, ZLb Cgvb`vi I mrKg©kxj ev›`v‡ì Aek¨B Zv‡ì ¯ ¯ wcZvi bvgmn WvKv n‡e, GUv cwi¯‹vi eySv hvq| †hgb Ab¨ nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, Ô†Zvgv‡ì‡K †Zvgv‡ì wcZvi bvgmn wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b WvKv n‡e| AZGe †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì bvg¸wj my›ì iv‡LvÕ|182 Avjevbx nv`xQwUi mb` ÔhCdÕ e‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ e³e¨ Qnxn nv`x‡Qi AbyK‚‡j| G¶‡Y wcZvi bvg hw` ÔcPvÕ nq, Avi †Q‡ji bvg hw` Ô y‡LÕ nq, Zvn‡j nvk‡ii gq`v‡b †KvwU gvby‡li mvg‡b Ô y‡L Be‡b cPvÕ Ôc°z Be‡b Q°zÕ ev ÔKvjv Be‡b ajvÕ wKsev Ô‡djbv web‡Z cvàyÕ e‡j WvK‡j evc-†eUvi ev evc-†ewUi ïb‡Z †Kgb jvM‡e? AZGe g„Zy i Av‡MB Gwel‡q mveavb nIqv fvj|

180. eyLvix nv/6190, 6193 ÔwkóvPviÕ Aa¨vq 107 Aby‡”Q`| 181. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/3725 Ô†bZ…Z¡ I wePviÕ Aa¨vq 1 Aby‡”Q`| 182. Avngv`, Ave`vE`, wgkKvZ nv/4768 ÔwkóvPviÕ Aa¨vq Ôbvgmg~nÕ Aby‡”Q`|

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cÖPwjZ wKQz fyj bv‡gi bgybv:

Avãyybœex, Avãyi ivm~j, †Mvjvg bex, †Mvjvg im~j, †Mvjvg gynv¤§v`, †Mvjvg Avngv`, †Mvjvg gyQZdv, †Mvjvg gyiZhv, b~i gynv¤§v`, b~i Avngv`, gv`vi eL&k, cxi eL&k, iƒûj Avgxb, myjZvbyj AvIwjqv cÖf„wZ| GZØ¨ZxZ (1) AnsKvi g~jK bvg, †hgb Lvqi“j evkvi, kvnRvnvb, kvn Avjg, kvnvbkvn cÖf„wZ; (2) bexM‡Yi Dcvwa, †hgb Aveyj evkvi, bexDj−vn, Ljxjyj−vn, Kvjxgyj−vn, iƒûj−vn, gynv¤§v` Aveyj Kv‡mg; (3) KziAv‡bi AvqvZmg~n, †hgb Avwjd jvg gxg, †Z¡vqvnv, Bqvmxb, nv-gxg, †jZzb‡hiv; (4) Ab_©K bvg, †hgb jvqjyb bvnvi, K¡vgvi“b bvnvi, Avwjd jvqjv BZ¨vw`| (5) KzL¨vZ hv‡jg‡ì bvg, †hgb bgiƒ`, †divEb, nvgvb, kvÏv`, K¡viƒY, gxiRvdi cÖgyL| (6) GZØ¨ZxZ kxÔAv‡ì AbyKi‡Y bv‡gi Av‡M ev wc‡Q Avjx, nvmvb ev †nvmv‡qb bvg †hvM Kiv| (7) GQvovI S›Uz, g›Uz, wc›Uz, wg›Uz, nvejy, wRejy, †eëz, wkcjy, BwZ, wgwZ, †Lš—x, weš—x, gjx, Wjx BZ¨vw` A_©nxb bvgmg~n|

(7) beRvZ‡Ki R‡b¥i ciciB Zvi Wvb Kv‡b Avhvb I evg Kv‡b GK¡vgZ ïbv‡bvi nv`xQ ÔgIh~Õ ev Rvj|183 (K) †Kej Avhvb ïbv‡bvi wel‡q Avey vE` I wZiwghx ewY©Z nv`xQ m¤ú‡K© kvqL Avjevbx ÔnvmvbÕ e‡j‡Qb|184 Z‡e me©‡kl ZvnK¡x‡K¡ wZwb GUv‡K ÔhCdÕ e‡j‡Qb|185 (L) Bgvg wZiwghx e‡jb, beRvZ‡Ki Kv‡b Avhvb ïbv‡bvi Dc‡i Avgj Rvwi Av‡Q ( �)�� [) ��#)|186 (M) mv‡eK mE`x gydZx kvqL Qv‡jn

Avj-DQvqgxb e‡jb, G‡Z †Kvb Amyweav †bB ( �)� �q�f)| hwÌ Gi

mb‡` wKQz weZK© ( c�).�) i‡q‡QÕ| (N) nv‡dh Bebyj K¡vBwqg (int) wkïi Kv‡b Avhv‡bi Zvrch© eY©bv K‡i e‡jb, ywbqv‡Z AvMg‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi Kv‡b Zvi m„wóKZ©v Avj−vn&i eo‡Z¡i I †kªô‡Z¡i evYx ïbv‡bv

183. BiIqvDj Mvjxj nv/1174|

184. Qnxn wZiwghx nv/1224; BiIqvDj Mvjxj nv/1173| 185. wmjwmjv hCdvn nv/6121; †n`vqvZzi i“IqvZ kin wgkKvZ nv/4085, 4/138 c„t| 186. wZiwghx nv/1569; Avjevbx, Qnxn wZiwghx nv/1224; ÔKzievbxÕ Aa¨vq,

ÔAvK¡xK¡vÕ Aby‡”Q` bs 15; Zzndv nv/1553|

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nq| †hgb ywbqv †_‡K we`vqKv‡j Zv‡K ZvInx‡ì Kv‡jgv jv Bjvn v Bj−vj−vn &i ZvjK¡xb Kiv‡bv nq| Avhvb ev”Pvi g‡b ~ieZ©x I ¯’vqx cÖfve we —vi K‡i Ges kqZvb‡K weZvwoZ K‡iÕ|187

AvK¡xK¡vi †MvkZ e›Ub:

(K) AvK¡xK¡vi †MvkZ Kzievbxi †Mvk‡Zi b¨vq wZb fvM K‡i GKfvM dKxi-wgmKxb‡K Qv`vK¡v w`‡e I GKfvM evc-gv I cwievi Lv‡e Ges GKfvM AvZœxq-¯Rb I cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì g‡a¨ nvw`qv wnmv‡e e›Ub Ki‡e|188 Pvgov wewµ K‡i Zv Kzievbxi cïi Pvgovi b¨vq Qv`vK¡v K‡i w`‡e|189

AvK¡xK¡vi Ab¨vb¨ gvmv‡qj:

(K) AvK¡xK¡v GKwU Bev`Z| Gi Rb¨ RuvKRgKc~Y© †Kvb Abyôvb Kiv hv‡e bv| G Dcj‡¶ AvZœxq-eÜz‡ì KvQ †_‡K Dc‡XŠKb †bIqviI †Kvb `jxj cvIqv hvq bv|

(L) AvK¡xK¡v I Kzievbx yÕwU c„_K Bev`Z| GKB cï‡Z Kzievbx I AvK¡xK¡v yÕwU GKmv‡_ Kivi †Kvb `jxj †bB|

(M) AvK¡xK¡v I Kzievbx GKB w`‡b nÕ‡j m¤¢e nÕ‡j yÕwUB Ki‡e| bB‡j †Kej AvK¡xK¡v Ki‡e| †Kbbv AvK¡xK¡v Rxe‡b GKevi nq Ges Zv mßg w`‡bB Ki‡Z nq| wKš‘ Kzievbx cÖwZ eQi Kiv hvq|

(N) wkï f~wgó nIqvi ci nv`xQcš’x †Kvb Øxb`vi Av‡j‡gi Kv‡Q wb‡q wM‡q Zuvi wbKU †_‡K wkïi ÔZvnbxKÕ Kiv‡bv I wkïi Rb¨ †`vÔAv Kiv‡bv fvj| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) GUv Ki‡Zb|190 ÔZvnbxKÕ A_© †LRyi ev wgwó RvZxq wKQz wPwe‡q ev”Pvi gy‡L †Ìqv| wnRi‡Zi ci g`xbvq Rb¥MÖnYKvix cÖ_g gynvwRi mš—vb Avãyj−vn Be‡b hyev‡qi‡K ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †LRyi wPwe‡q Zvi gy‡L w`‡q ÔZvnbxKÕ K‡iwQ‡jb| Gfv‡e wZwbB wQ‡jb cÖ_g †mŠfvMëvb wkï hvi †c‡U cÖ_g ivm~‡ji cweÎ gy‡Li jvjv 187. Bebyj K¡vBwqg, ZzndvZzj gIj~ c„t 25-26| 188. evqnvK¡x 9/302 c„t| 189. Be‡b i“k` KziZzex, †e`vqvZzj gyRZvwn` (ivevZ¡, gi‡°v: 1419 wnt) 1/467 c„t| 190. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/4151 ÔAvK¡xK¡vÕ Aby‡”Q`|

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cÖ‡ek K‡i| cieZx© Rxe‡b wZwb D”P gh©v`v m¤úbœ e¨w³ wnmv‡e cÖwmw× jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| AvbQviMY Zv‡ì beRvZK mš—vb‡ì ivm~‡ji Kv‡Q G‡b ÔZvnbxKÕ Kiv‡Zb| Avey Z¡vjnv (ivt) Zvi m`¨RvZ cyÎ‡K G‡b ivm~‡ji †Kv‡j w`‡j wZwb †LRyi Zje K‡ib| AZtci wZwb Zv wPwe‡q ev”Pvi Mv‡j †`b I bvg iv‡Lb ÔAvãyj−vnÕ|191 ÔZvnbxKÕ Kivi ci wkïi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ †`vÔAv Ki‡eb- Ôev- ivKvj−v- û Avjv‡ q KÕ ÔAvj−vn †Zvgvi Dc‡i AbyMÖn el©Y Ki“bÕ|192

(O) wkï Ae¯’vq cÖ‡qvRb †ev‡a †g‡q‡ì Kvb dzUv‡bv Rv‡qh Av‡Q| †Kbbv Rv‡njx hy‡M GUv Kiv nÕZ| wKš‘ Bmjvgx hy‡M ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) GUv‡Z †Kvb AvcwË K‡ib wb| Z‡e †Q‡j‡ì †¶‡Î GUv Kiv gvKiƒn|193

wkïi Lvrbv cÖ‡Z¨K gymwjg wkïi Rb¨ Lvrbv Kiv mybœvZ| †hgb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb,

� � 3c�� c�* c�* r�2�A ² ��# �� | � : O:�)4 /; 3r/�)Co5nC��5¡�# 3(�/05°��/4X504�5�C./9# 585��,s�� t³-*# 1�� 1�4�/"# 5��-nCl5¡� 1�40 O5 5�� 0�� nJ

nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡i‡Qb †h, cuvPwU welq gvby‡li ¯fveRvZ (1) Lvrbv Kiv (2) bvwfi bx‡Pi †jvg Qvd Kiv (3) †Muvd QvUv (4) bL KvUv I (5) eM‡ji †jvg Qvd KivÕ|194

Lvrbv wel‡q ÁvZe¨:

Dc‡iv³ nv`x‡Q Lvrbv Kiv‡K gvby‡li wdrivZ ev ¯fveRvZ ejv nÕ‡jI GwU g~jZt bexM‡Yi mybœvZ Ges wbtm‡›`‡n GwU wPiš—b gvbexq mf¨Zvi cwiPvqK| Lvrbv Kivq †h ¯v¯’ MZ DcKvwiZv i‡q‡Q Ges Gi g‡a¨ †h 191. Beby Kz vgv, Avj-gyMbx 3/590 c„t| 192. wgiK¡vZ (w`j−x Qvcv : ZvwiL wenxb) 8/155 c„t| 193. wdK¡ûm mybœvn (Kvq‡ivt `vi“j dvrn 1412/1992) c„t 2/34| 194. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/4420 Ô†cvlvKÕ Aa¨vq ÔPzj AuvPov‡bvÕ Aby‡”Q`|

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Adziš— Kj¨vY i‡q‡Q, †m wel‡q ¯v¯’ weÁvbxMY mK‡j GKgZ| wkïKv‡j Lvrbv Kivi Kvi‡Y eqmKv‡j H e¨w³ AmsL¨ ARvbv †ivM †_‡K †eu‡P hvq| nhiZ Beivnxg (Avt) 80 eQi eq‡m Avj−vn&i wb‡ ©‡k wb‡Ri Lvrbv K‡iwQ‡jb|195

AZGe wkïi AvK¡xK¡v Kiv †hgb hiƒix, Lvrbv Kiv Zvi †P‡q †ekx hiƒix| wkïKv‡jB G KZ©e¨ m¤úbœ Kiv Avek¨K| Lvrbv nÕj wdriZ Ges bexM‡Yi mybœvZ| mv‡_ mv‡_ GwU ¯v‡¯’ i Rb¨ Acwinvh© Abym½| GwU gymwjg I Agymwjg‡ì g‡a¨ cv_©KÏ e‡U| D‡j−L¨ †h, Kb¨v wkïi Lvrbv Kivi †Kvb `jxj †bB|

Kibxq I eR©bxq:

Lvrbv GKwU Bev`Z| Avj−vnfxi“ Ges AwfÁ gymwjg Lvrbv Kvixi gva¨‡g Ôwemwgj−vnÕ e‡j GwU Kiv‡bv KZ©e¨|

eR©bxq: Lvrbv Dcj‡¶¨ ev”Pvi nv‡Z I †Kvg‡i ZvMv ev gv yjx euvav, Mjvq Zvexh Szjv‡bv, Ni eÜ Kiv, evc-gv‡qi bv †L‡q _vKv, avgv ev KvVvi Dc‡i ev”Pv‡K emv‡bv I cvb w`‡q Zvi †PvL aiv, Lvrbvi KvUv Ask Kuvmvi cvwZ‡j ivLv, Lvrbvi c‡i ev”Pvi nv‡Z wKQzw`b me© v †jvnv ivLv, Lvrbvi K‡qK w`b ci ev”Pvi †Mvm‡ji w`b Avb›` Abyôvb K‡i †Q‡j-†g‡q‡ì bvPvbvwP, is gvLv-gvwL, Kv`v gvLv-gvwL, gvBK evRv‡bv, Mvb-evRbv BZ¨vw` Kzms¯‹vi I †Kvbiƒc wkiK-we`ÔAvZ Kiv hv‡e bv| GKBfv‡e Ômybœv‡Z LvrbvÕi bv‡g †Kvb Abyôvb Kiv hv‡e bv ev G‡K Dc‡XŠKb †bIqvi gva¨‡g cwiYZ Kiv hv‡e bv| Zv‡Z mybœvZ cvj‡bi †bKx cvIqv hv‡e bv| eis we`ÔAv‡Zi †Mvbvn KvgvB Ki‡Z n‡e| AZGe wcZv-gvZv I AwffveKMY mveavb!!

¤ (� <?� µ © # �<�� Y"�XE� OY)��7 8�9� # µ�n�0�� "� f7 ��7 8��G� g�.2 g�2 �B�j ��# ¶d��# ª�n¨� �<��J

195 . eyLvix, Avey ûivqiv nÕ‡Z nv/3356, 6297|

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kzievbx i avk¡xk¡v€¦ · masail-i-qurbani & aqeeqah by dr. muhammad asadullah al-ghalib....

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