ircons oral presentation

8/6/2019 IRCONS Oral Presentation

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The Effectiveness of Picture with Direct

Verbal Instructions versus Video PeerModeling with Voice-over

Instructions as Teaching

Strategies on ProperHand Washing among

Children with

AutismGuanHing, Ma. Socorro S., R.N., M.A.N. 1;Mendoza, Mark Joseph G1.; Mendoza,

Mary Angeli D.1; Meneses, Johanna Danielle Z.1; Menos, Corhinne Bianca R.1;

Mercado, Marivi Grace V.1; Merquita, Kevin Mikhael B.1

1

College of Nursing, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines


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Autism

Complex developmental disorder

Affect how a child sees the world and learns

Dysfunction in the central nervous system


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Children with autism

Impairment in cognition, perception and

sensorimotor function

Short attention span

More visual than auditory


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Children with autism

Traditional way of teaching

Picture prompts and verbal instructions

Development of new teaching

strategiesVideo modeling, peer modeling, video

peer modeling and in vivo teaching

Improving social skills


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Handwashing

Primary intervention for preventing disease

transmission

Step in achieving proper personal hygiene

and management of ones own wellness


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Purpose

The purpose of this study is to compare the

effectiveness of two audio-visual interventions

namely, pictures with direct verbal

instructions and video peer modeling with

voice over instructions, to teach children with

autism the technique of proper hand washing

as prescribed by the Department of Health(DOH).


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RESEARCH DESIGN and

METHODOLOGY


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Inclusion Criteria

High functioning Filipino autistic children

Mental age of 4-6

Enrolled in the chosen SPEd school

Absence of knowledge and skill of proper

hand washing

With basic imitation skills

No previous exposure to any video

modeling intervention


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Research Instrument

Researcher designed hand washing

checklist based on the DOHs guidelines

on proper hand washing to measure accuracy & consistency

Consists of 16 target steps

Validated by experts

Reliability coefficient computed using

Cronbachs alpha


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Ethical Consideration

Consent

Assent

Freedom from psychological harm


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Methodology

Pre-test

Establish rapport

Participants were asked to performhand washing according to their own

knowledge

Pre-test accuracy scores was observedand measured using the checklist tool


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Intervention Period (Experimental)

Participants were escorted one by oneto the wash area

Peer modeling video with voice-over instructionsdemonstrating proper hand washing was shown

Initiation of hand washing afterstep has been taught

onsistency of performance of hand washing

was observed and measured


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Intervention Period (Control)

Participants were escorted one by oneto the wash area

Step by step pictures withdirect verbal instructions were given

Initiation of hand washing afterstep has been taught

Consistency of performance of hand washing

was observed and measured


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Methodology

Post-testParticipants were escorted one by one to

the wash area

They were asked to perform hand washingwithout guidance of instructional material

Post-test accuracy scores was observed

and measured using the checklist tool

Data was gathered, tabulatedand applied statistical treatment


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PRESENTATION,ANALYSIS and

INTERPRETATION of DATA


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Significant difference betweenusing pictures with direct verbal

instructions and video peer

modeling with voice over

instructions in teaching children

with autism the proper hand

washing technique as to accuracy:


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Pretest and Posttest scores of control

group

Pretest posttest T-value P-value

Mean SD Mean SD

Controlgroup

15.07 3.515 25.27 4.682 *5.667 0.000

Table 2. Significant difference in the Pretest and Posttest scores of the control

group

Significant at = 0.05

There is a significant difference in the

results of accuracy scores.The use of pictures with direct verbal

instruction is an effective strategy in

teaching proper hand washing technique.


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Pretest and Posttest scores of

experiment group

Pretest posttest T-value P-value

Mean SD Mean SD

Experiment

group

17.73 4.713 26.87 4.257 *6.883 0.000

Table 3. Significant difference in the Pretest and Posttest scores of the

experiment group


There is a significant difference in the

results of accuracy scores.

The use of video with voice over instruction is an effective

strategy in teaching proper hand washing technique.


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Posttest scores of the control and

experiment group

Control Group Experiment Group T-value P-value

Mean SD Mean SD

Pretest 25.27 4.682 26.87 4.257 -0.979 0.336


There is no significant difference in their

posttest scores.

Interventions done for both groups are

effective in teaching proper hand washing to

children with autism.

Table 4. Significant difference in the accuracy posttest scores in the proper

hand washing by children with autism in the control and experiment group


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Significant difference betweenusing pictures with direct verbal

instructions and video peer-

modeling with voice overinstructions in teaching children

with autism the proper hand

washing technique as to the:


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Consistency per session

Sessions Mean SD T-value P-value

1 11 3.047

*2.314 0.036

2 12 2.712

1.911 0.077

3 13 2.171

1.581 0.136

4 13 2.160

0.972 0.348

5 14 2.463

Overall mean 12.6

Table 5. Significant difference in the consistency scores of the control group in

each session



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significant difference betweenfirst and second session.

As the session continues, there is

no significant difference.


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Consistency per session

Sessions Mean SD T-value P-value

1 10 4.499

1.825 0.089

2 11 4.301

1.640 0.123

3 12 2.949

1.214 0.245

4 13 2.232

1.551 0.143

5 14 1.767

Overall mean 12

Table 6. Significant difference in the consistency scores of the experiment

group in each session



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no significant difference in their

performance


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Overall consistency of the performance of

proper hand washing

Mean SD T-value P-value

Control group 12.6 1.140 0.688 0.511

Experiment Group 12 1.581


There is no significant difference in the overall

mean score in consistency of performing

proper hand washing between control and

experiment group

Table 7. Significant Difference of the Overall Mean Consistency score of the

Control and Experiment Group


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CONCLUSION,IMPLICATION

AND RECOMMENDATION


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Conclusion and Implication

The researchers conclude that the use of

pictures with direct verbal instructions and

video peer-modeling with voice over

instructions are equally effective in teaching

the DOH-prescribed hand washing technique

among children with autism. Thus, both

strategies may be used in teaching thetechnique.


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Recommendations

Nursing & Special Education

Nursing & Special School Administration

revise Step 8


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Recommendations

Nursing research

The study may be used as a reference

point in the development of new and

enhanced teaching strategies among

children with disabilities.

Future nurse researchers may improve

the elements used in this study.


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Mendoza, Mark Joseph G.([email protected])

Mercado, Marivi Grace V.([email protected])

Merquita, Kevin Mikhael B.

([email protected])

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