el delito de violacion en la ley n 19.617

7/25/2019 El Delito de Violacion en La Ley N 19.617

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El Delito de Violación en la

Ley N° 19.617.

ALUMNA: DINA R. VALENZUELA MELLADO

PROFESOR GUÍA: MARÍA SANDRA PINTOUNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE CHILE

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS JURÍDICAS Y SOCIALES

AÑO DE INSCRIPCIÓN: 2000



ÍNDICE

INTRODUCCIÓN.............................................................................................3

CAPÍTULO PRIMERO – MARCO TEÓRICO DOCTRINAL DEL

DELITO DE VIOLACIÓN EN LA LEGISLACIÓN ANTERIOR A LA LEY N° 1.!1"..............................................................................................7A) Concepto.......................................................................................................7B) Bien Ju!"ico Pote#i"o.................................................................................$C) Tipo O%&eti'o..............................................................................................(D) *u&eto Acti'o..............................................................................................(+E) *u&eto P,-i'o...............................................................................................(+) C/,-i0ic,ci1n................................................................................................(72) Tipo *u%&eti'o.............................................................................................

4) Ite Ci5ini-................................................................................................(I) 6io/,ci1n con 4o5ici"io.............................................................................J) Pen,/i"," "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n.................................................................

CAPÍTULO *E2UNDO – HISTORIA DE LA NUEVA LEY DE DELITOS SE#UALES ................................................................................7A) E/ Men-,&e Pe-i"enci,/..............................................................................7B) L, Di-cu-i1n en /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-...................................................3C) E/ *en,"o....................................................................................................3+D) L, Co5i-i1n Mi9t,.....................................................................................

E) E/ 6eto Pe-i"enci,/....................................................................................3

CAPÍTULO TERCERO – PRINCIPALES INNOVACIONES DE LA NUEVA LEY DE DELITOS SE#UALES ..............................................:A) En cu,nto ,/ De/ito "e 6io/,ci1n................................................................:B)En cu,nto ,/ De/ito "e R,pto.......................................................................+(C) En cu,nto ,/ De/ito "e E-tupo....................................................................+D) En cu,nto ,/ De/ito "e *o"o5!,..................................................................+E) Ree5p/,;o "e/ concepto "e A%u-o De-<one-to- po e/ "e

A%u-o- *e9u,/e-...............................................................................................++) E5p/eo "e un 5eno i5p=%e en /, po"ucci1n "e 5,tei,/ pono#80ico.....................................................................................................+72) *e e-t,%/ece /, 6io/,ci1n Con>u#,/............................................................+$4) *e ,5p/!, /, #,5, "e pe-on,- ?ue pue"en "enunci, e-tetipo "e "e/ito-...................................................................................................+$I) *e ,5p/!, e/ n=5eo "e pe-on,- con cu,/i","e- e-peci,/e-



o po-icione- "e con0i,n;, ?ue con-titu>en un ,#,',nte "ee-pon-,%i/i","................................................................................................@J) *e ,5p/!, e/ n=5eo "e con"uct,- "e0ini",- co5o "e/ito...........................@() *e ,u5ent,n /,- pen,-................................................................................@3L) Ot,- Mo"i0ic,cione- en 5,tei, poce-,/..................................................@3

CAPÍTULO CUARTO - EL NUEVO DELITO DE VIOLACIÓN ..................7(A) E/ Bien Ju!"ico Pote#i"o..........................................................................7(B) E/ Tipo B8-ico.............................................................................................7C) Tipo O%&eti'o..............................................................................................73D) E/ *u&eto Acti'o..........................................................................................$(E) E/ *u&eto P,-i'o...........................................................................................$3) L, i#u, C,/i0ic,",....................................................................................$2) 6io/,ci1n ente C1n>u#e-...........................................................................$+

4) 6io/,ci1n con 4o5ici"io............................................................................$7I) E/ Pincipio "e E&ecuci1n > e/ Ite Ci5ini-.................................................:J) Di-po-icione- co5une- , /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e-.............................................:@

CAPÍTULO UINTO – MODIFICACIONES AL DERECHO PROCESAL PENAL.........................................................................................::A) *u&eto Acti'o "e /, ,cci1n........................................................................(B) L, Pue%,..................................................................................................(C) L,- Me"i",- C,ute/,e- E-peci,/e-..........................................................(7

CAPÍTULO *ETO OTRAS MODIFICACIONES ....................................(((A) Li5it,cione- ,/ *i-te5, "e cu5p/i5iento ,/ten,ti'o "e /,- pen,- "e /, Le> N ($.(@.............................................................................(((B) Mo"i0ic,cione- , /, Li%et," Con"icion,/................................................((@C) E/ Pincipio "e I#u,/","F en e/,ci1n , /,- /i5it,cione- , /,,p/ic,ci1n "e /o- %ene0icio- "e /, Le> N ($.(@ > e/ D.L 3(.....................(($

CAPÍTULO *GPTIMO – LA APLICACIÓN DE LA NUEVA LEY EN EL TIEMPO.....................................................................................(3

A) L, Ieto,cti'i"," > Reto,cti'i"," "e /, Le> Pen,/...............................(3B) H5%ito po%/e58tico "e /, ,p/ic,ci1n "e/ pincipio in"u'io po eo............................................................................................................(@

CAPÍTULO OCTA6O – JURISPRUDENCIA..............................................(33A) 6io/,ci1n t,to c,n,/ po '!, ,n,/).........................................................(33B) E/ Pincipio "e E&ecuci1n..........................................................................(3

3



C) De/ito- Inte5e"io-...................................................................................(37

CONCLU*IÓN..............................................................................................((

BIBLIO2RAÍA............................................................................................(+

ÍNDICE..........................................................................................................(:



INTRODUCCIÓN.

Du,nte /, e,/i;,ci1n "e 5i p8ctic, po0e-ion,/F /, ?ue e0ectu en /,

o0icin, Re#ion,/ "e Menoe- "e *,n Mi#ue/F > po-teio5ente en /, o0icin,*ecci1n Pen,/ n "e /, Copo,ci1n "e A-i-tenci, Ju"ici,/F tu'e /,

opotuni"," "e conoce "i'e-o- c,-o- "e "e/ito- -e9u,/e-F en e-peci,/

e-pecto "e 5enoe- "e e","F e9peienci, ?ue "e-pet1 en 5! un #,n inte-

po e-te tipo "e i/!cito-.

E-te inte- 0ue e/ ?ue 5e 5oti'1 , e0ectu, e-te t,%,&oF con e/ o%&eto

"e ,n,/i;, /,- 5o"i0ic,cione- into"uci",- ,/ "e/ito "e 6io/,ci1nF "e/ito ?ue ,

5i p,eceF con-titu>e e/ 58- #,'e "e /o- ,tent,"o- , /, /i%et," -e9u,/ "e /,-

pe-on,-F 5e"i,nte /, Nue', Le> "e De/ito- *e9u,/e-F Le> n (:.@(7F

pu%/ic,", en e/ Di,io O0ici,/ con 0ec<, ( "e Ju/io "e/ ,Ko (:::.

L,- "e0icienci,- "e /, /e#i-/,ci1n 'i#ente ,/ 5o5ento "e e,/i;, 5i

p8ctic, (::$)F t,/e- co5o un e-tin#i"o n=5eo "e -u&eto- ,cti'o- "e /,

,cci1n > /,- "i0icu/t,"e- en 5,tei, po%,toi,F o%-t,cu/i;,%,n un, ,"ecu,",

"e0en-, "e /,- '!cti5,-F > en e-peci,/ "e /o- 5enoe- "e e",".

En ',i,- opotuni","e- no- encont8%,5o- 0ente , /, "i0icu/t," "e

o%tene po p,te "e/ epe-ent,nte /e#,/ "e /o- 5enoe- e/ con-enti5iento

nece-,io p,, pe-ent, /, ?uee//, e-pecti',F "e%i"o , ?ueF no o%-t,nte

e9i-ti pue%,- t,/e- co5o e985ene- 5"ico- o te-ti5onio- "e teceo-F /,-

5,"e- "e /, pe?ueK,- '!cti5,- -e ne#,%,n , inici, e/ poce"i5iento po

?uee pote#e ,/ ,utoF con e/ cu,/F #ene,/5enteF /o- /i#,%, un, e/,ci1n-enti5ent,/ > "e "epen"enci, econ15ic,. L,5ent,%/e5enteF %,&o e/ i5peio

"e /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1nF poco -e po"!, <,ce ,/ no e9i-ti coope,ci1n po

p,te "e /,- 5,"e- "e /,- '!cti5,- 5enoe-F -itu,ci1n ?ue e, ciet,5ente

0u-t,nte p,, 5! co5o po-tu/,nte.

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L, nue', /e#i-/,ci1nF ,0otun,",5ente -u%-,n1 e-te te5en"o

po%/e5,F 0,ci/it,n"o e/ ,cce-o , /, &u-tici, 5e"i,nte /, ,5p/i,ci1n "e /o-

-u&eto- ,cti'o- "e /, ,cci1n.

A -u 'e;F ,/ e9i-ti e/,cione- "e p,ente-co ente /, '!cti5, > e/'icti5,io e-u/t, in"i-pen-,%/e "i-pone "e 5e"i",- "e potecci1n p,,

#,,nti;, /, -e#ui"," "e /, '!cti5,F en e-peci,/ "u,nte /, t,5it,ci1n "e /,

c,u-,F t,/e- co5o pone t5ino , /, co<,%it,ci1nF -u-pen"e o e#u/, /,-

e/,cione- ?ue 5,ntiene e/ ,#e-o con /, '!cti5,F 5ec,ni-5o- ?ue no

conte5p/,%, /, ,nti#u, /e#i-/,ci1n > ?ue <,n -i"o incopo,"o- , t,'- "e /,

Le> n (:.@(7.

A"e58- "e /o ,nteioF c,%e -eK,/, ?ue en /,- ,#e-ione- -e9u,/e-F

"on"e e/ -u&eto ,cti'o e- un p,iente o conoci"o "e /, '!cti5, o -u 0,5i/i,F /o

u-u,/ e- ?ue -e co5et, e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n -in e5p/e, 'io/enci, 0!-ic, > -in

"e&, <ue//,- 'i-i%/e- "e /e-ione-F po /o ?ue e-u/t,%, 5u> "i0icu/to-o po%,

e/ "e/itoF ?ue",n"o 5uc<o- "e -to- i5pune- po 0,/t, "e pue%,F -itu,ci1n

?ue t,5%in 0ue -u%-,n,", po /, nue', no5,ti', ,/ 5o"i0ic, e/ -i-te5, "e

,peci,ci1n "e /, pue%,.

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"e /o- tipo- "e penet,ci1n ?ue con0i#u,n e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF en e-peci,/ /,

inc/u-i1n e9pe-, "e /, penet,ci1n po '!, ,n,/F pincip,/5ente po?ue "e-"e

e/ punto "e 'i-t, "e /, '!cti5, 5u&e uno pue"e i5,#in,-e ?ue e- ie/e',nte

e/ oi0icio n,tu,/ po e/ cu,/ /, penet,nF -ien"o 58- i5pot,nte /,-

cicun-t,nci,- ?ue /o o"e,nF > /, 'io/enci, t,nto -ico/1#ic, co5o 0!-ic, , ?uee- -o5eti",.

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"e un, pe-on,F po /o ?ue no -e &u-ti0ic,%, ?ue /, /e> /o- t,t,, "e 5,ne,

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A continu,ci1n p,-, , e0ectu, un e-tu"io "e e-t,- > ot,-

5o"i0ic,cione- i5pot,nte- into"uci",- ,/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n 5e"i,nte /,Le> N (:.@(7F /,- ?ue en t5ino- #ene,/e- <,n -i#ni0ic,"o un

5e&o,5iento i5pot,nte en /, tipi0ic,ci1n > t,t,5iento "e e-te "e/ito.

7



$



CAPÍTULO PRIMERO

MARCO TEÓRICO DOCTRINAL DEL DELITO DE VIOLACIÓN EN

LA LEGISLACIÓN ANTERIOR A LA LEY 19.617

Con e/ o%&eto "e o%tene un, 5,>o co5pen-i1n "e/ ,/c,nce "e /,-

5o"i0ic,cione- into"uci",- ,/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n po /, Le> N (:.@(7F

e0ectu, un %e'e ,n8/i-i- "e e-t, 0i#u, pen,/ en /, ,nti#u, /e#i-/,ci1n.

A.- Concepo

E/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o n 3@( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ no "e0in!, e/ "e/ito "e

'io/,ci1n en t5ino- #ene,/e- -ino ?ue 58- %ien -e e0e!, , /,- "i-tint,-

<ip1te-i- ?ue /o con-titu>enF -eK,/,n"o ?ue

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i/u-t,ti'o ecui ,/ %ien &u!"ico ?ue -te tute/,. Po /o #ene,/F e/ %ien

&u!"ico pote#i"o po un "e/ito o #upo "e "e/ito- -e encuent, e9pe-,"o en

e/ enc,%e;,"o "e/ coe-pon"iente t!tu/o "e/ C1"i#o Puniti'o.

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-e9u,/e-.

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?u con"icione- e, -e9u,/5ente ,cti',.

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5,ti5onio 5ono#85ico e in"i-o/u%/e.

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pen,/i-t, e-p,Ko/F M,ino B,%eo *,nto-F e/ ?ue -eK,/, en un ,t!cu/o

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"e <one-to- .

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,- -&)+*+- 6%-, ,+4% % &+%4)-6 ;%46'/-6 <% /' &'/,,%*-/ ,+(+)-&+'/%6-;4%&+-,%6 - ,- ,+%4)- 6%-, % ,'6 %(6? ? ;'4 ')4' ,-'? ;4'%

3 2,i"o MonttF M,ioF Deec<o Pen,/F to5o IIIF p8#in, $ 2on;8/e; J.F M,nue/F Re'i-t, "e Deec<o > Jui-pu"enci, (::+F to5o CIIF p8#in, 7:F De/ito- -e9u,/e-

%ien &u!"ico > ten"enci,- po/!tic,-ci5in,/e-+ un-e5u//eF C,/o-F Re'i-t, "e Deec<o > Jui-pu"enci,F (::F to5o LIF p8#in, : Be'e ,n8/i-i-"e ,/#un,- cue-tione- po%/e58tic,- ?ue p/,nte, e/ tipo "e 'io/,ci1n...

(



&'/&)-6 %/ ,-6 <% %, 63%)' -&)+*' +/*',&4- - ')4- ;%46'/-? /' ,+4%(%/)%?

%/ ,- -&&+/ 6%-,. E6)- +/*',&4-&+/ &-4%/)% % ,+%4)- 6% ;%% %%4 -

+*%46-6 4-9'/%6: C-6'6 %/ <% ,- *&)+(- %6 &'/)4-+&- ;'4 %, 63%)' -&)+*'

%/ 6 %&+6+/ % /' *%46% +/*',&4-- 6%-,(%/)% &'/ ,... &-6'6 %/ <% - ,-*&)+(- /' 6% ,% - -' ,- ';'4)/+- ;-4- -';)-4 6 %&+6+/ %

+/*',&4-46% ' /' %/ %6- -&&+/ 6%-,...? &-6'6 %/ <%? - +8%4%/&+- % ,'6

-/)%4+'4%6 %6 +44%,%*-/)% <% 6% -- &'/)4-+&' 6 %&+6+/ ' /' 6% ,% --

-' ,- ';'4)/+- % )'(-4,- ;%6 ,- *&)+(- -@/ /' %6 &-;-9 % %&++4 )-,

&'6-? ' /' ,' 6%4 //&-.B @

L, #,n 5,>o!, "e /o- ,utoe- -o-ten!,n ?ue e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n

pe'io , /,- 5o"i0ic,cione- "e /, Le> n (:.@(7F no pote#!, -1/o un %ien

&u!"ico -ino ?ue ,"e58- "e /, )"*e%+' ,e$+) 'e )+ &c"/+0 en "ete5in,"o-

<ip1te-i-F e-te "e/itoF pote#!, )+ "n'e/n"'+' o "n+n("*")"'+' ,e$+).

E-to- ,utoe- -o-ten!,n ?ue /, /i%et,"F -upone /, c,p,ci","

co#no-citi', > 'o/iti', "e/ -u&eto p,-i'o "e/ "e/itoF c,p,ci"," ?ue e-t,!,

e0ei", ,/ -i#ni0ic,"o > t,-cen"enci, "e/ ,cto -e9u,/. A<o, %ienF /o-

5enoe- o pe-on,- pi',",- "e ,;1n o -enti"oF c,ece!,n "e e-t, c,p,ci","F

po /o ?ue no e9i-ti!, t,/ /i%et," -e9u,/F peci-,5ente po no co5pen"e

e-t,- pe-on,- e/ -i#ni0ic,"o > t,-cen"enci, "e /o- ,cto- -e9u,/e-). De-"e

e-te punto "e 'i-t,F ,/ e-t, ,u-ente /, c,p,ci","F /o e-t,8 t,5%in /, /i%et,"

-e9u,/F po /o ?ue e-u/t, "i0!ci/ t,n-#e"i/, o 5eno-c,%,/,.

Lo- ,utoe- "e e-te pen-,5iento ,#u5ent,%,n ?ue no e-u/t,%, /1#ico

pe-u5i un, c,p,ci"," p,, opone-e > po /o t,nto p,, ,uto"ete5in,-eF encicun-t,nci,- ?ue -e /e nie#, ',/o ,/ con-enti5iento ?ue i5pot, /,

c,p,ci"," p,, "eci"i /i%e5ente. De e-te 5o"o ,/ t,t,-e "e 5enoe- "e

e"," > "e pi',"o- "e ,;1n o -enti"oF e/ %ien &u!"ico tute/,"o e,F 58- %ienF

@ Die;Ripo//e-F Jo- Lui-F E/ "eec<o pen,/ ,nte e/ -e9o. Bo-c<F C,-, E"itoi,/ *.A. B,ce/on, F (:$+.

(3



/, in"e5ni"," o int,n#i%i/i","F ,/ con-i"e,/o- /, /e> -e9u,/5ente

intoc,%/e-.

A-! -i <,%/,5o- "e /, 'io/,ci1n popi, e-t8%,5o- 0ente , un ,tent,"o ,

/, ,uto"ete5in,ci1n "e /, 5u&e "e 5,ntene e/,cione- -e9u,/e- o noF -e#=n-u 'o/unt,"F en c,5%io -i <,%/,5o- "e 'io/,ci1n i5popi, no ope,%, /,

'o/unt," "e /, 5u&e po /o ?ue e/ %ien &u!"ico pote#i"o e, /, inco/u5i"," o

int,n#i%i/i"," -e9u,/ "e /,- 5u&ee- po /, -itu,ci1n en ?ue -e encuent,nF en

ot,- p,/,%,- e//,- no "e%e!,n -e toc,",- -e9u,/5ente.

C.- T"po O*e"o

L, 'io/,ci1n e- un tipo pen,/ "e ,cci1nF ?ue -e con-u5, po /, 5e,

e,/i;,ci1n "e /, con"uct, po<i%i",F -e encont,%, tipi0ic,", co5o un "e/ito

"e <ip1te-i- 5=/tip/e /o ?ue -i#ni0ic, ?ue cu,/?uie, "e /,- te- -itu,cione-

t!pic,- conte5p/,",- en /, ,nteio no5, e,nF //e#,"o e/ c,-oF -u0iciente- >

,ut1no5,- p,, con0i#u, e/ "e/ito.

E/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o 3@( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ "e-ci%!, e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n

"e /, -i#uiente 5,ne,

$S% &'(%)% *+',-&+/ -&+%/' &'/ ,- (3%4 %/ -,5/' % ,'6 &-6'6

6+5+%/)%6:

1.7 C-/' 6% 6- % 8%49- ' +/)+(+-&+/.

2.7 C-/' ,- (3%4 6% -,,- ;4+*-- % 4-9/ ' % 6%/)+' ;'4 &-,<+%4

&-6-.=.7 C-/' 6%- (%/'4 % '&% ->'6 &(;,+'6? -@/ &-/' /' &'/&44-

/+/5/- % ,-6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6 %;4%6--6 %/ ,'6 '6 /@(%4'6 -/)%4+'4%6.B

De /, no5, pece"ente -e pue"e e9t,e ?ue /, con"uct, po<i%i", en

e-te "e/ito -e concet, en /, e9pe-i1n $-&+%/' &'/ /- (3%4B. E/ t5ino

(



>,ceF e, con-i"e,"o -in1ni5o "e coitoF "e ,cce-o c,n,/F "e penet,ci1n

-e9u,/F "e c1pu/, c,n,/ "e un <o5%e con un, 5u&eF "e 5,ne, ?ue -e >,ce

con un, 5u&e cu,n"o e/ -e9o 0e5enino e- in',"i"o po e/ -e9o 5,-cu/inoF -in

?ue -e e?uiie, ni /, penet,ci1n co5p/et, "e/ 1#,no 'ii/F ni /, uptu, "e/<i5enF ni /, e>,cu/,ci1n. De ,cue"o , /o ,nteio ?ue",%,n e9c/u!",-

e/,cione- -e9u,/e- ente pe-on,- "e/ 5i-5o -e9oF ?ue en "e0initi',

con-titu!,n -o"o5!, cu,n"o -e t,t,%, "e "o- <o5%e- o /e-%i,ni-5o -i -e

t,t,%, "e "o- 5u&ee-.

E/ po0e-o Etc<e%e>F -eK,/, ?ue >,ceF en e/,ci1n , /, 'io/,ci1n

tipi0ic,", en e/ ,nteio ,t!cu/o n 3@(F -i#ni0ic,%,F , /o 5eno-F /, e,/i;,ci1n

"e un, c1pu/, no5,/.7 A<o, %ienF e-pecto "e /,- 0o5,- ,no5,/e- "e

e,/i;,ci1n "e /, c1pu/, / e-ti5, ?ue e/ concepto "e >,ce e5p/e,"o en e/

"e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n e, ,5p/ioF > co5pen"!, to", ent,", "e/ 5ie5%o 'ii/ en

oi0icio n,tu,/ "e /, '!cti5,F "e 5o"o "e po-i%i/it, /, c1pu/, o un

e?ui',/ente ,no5,/ "e /, 5i-5,. En /, opini1n "e/ po0e-o Etc<e%e> e/

"e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n co5pen"!, entonce-F e/ coito no5,/ o ',#in,/F e/ coito

ect,/ o ,n,/ > e/ coito o,/ o %uc,/F en e-te =/ti5o c,-o / e-ti5,%, ?ue "e%!,

e9i#i-e ?ue -e t,t,, "e un 'e","eo e5e"o "e /, c1pu/,F pue- "e /o

cont,io -e!, =nic,5ente un, 0o5, "e 5,-tu%,ci1n con-tituti', "e ,%u-o-

"e-<one-to-.

Contin=, e-te ,uto -eK,/,n"o ?ue e/ $8'49-4 /- (3%4 - /- &;,-

-/'4(-, 4%;4%6%/)- / -)%/)-' )-/ 54-*% &'/)4- 6 ,+%4)- 6%-, &'(' %,

8'49-4,- - / &'+)' *-5+/-, 6)% -<,,- )+%/% %/ &'(@/ %, &'/&%;)' % ;%/%)4-&+/ %, 45-/' (-6&,+/'? % -&&%6' &-4/-,? %,%(%/)' <% 6% -,,-

-6%/)% %/ ')4- &,-6% % &'/)-&)'6 ' -6'6 %6'/%6)'6...B$

7 Etc<e%e>F A/0e"oF Deec<o pen,/F to5o I6F p,te #ene,/ P8#. +@.$ Etc<e%e>F A/0e"oF Deec<o pen,/F to5o I6F p,te #ene,/ P8#. +@.

(+



E/ po0e-o n-5u//e e- "e /, 5i-5, i"e, > -o-tiene ?ue e/ %ien

&u!"ico pote#i"o po e/ ,nti#uo "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n e, /, /i%et," -e9u,/ > en

cont, "e -t, -e ,tent,%, cu,n"o /, 5u&e e, 0o;,", , un coitoF -e,F ',#in,/F

,n,/ o inc/u-o %uc,/. No o%-t,nte /o ,nteioF nue-t, &ui-pu"enci, 0ue c,-i un8ni5e ,/

con-i"e, ?ue e/ 'e%o >,ceF e5p/e,"o en e/ ,nteio ,t!cu/o n 3@( "e/

C1"i#o Pen,/ co5pen"!, -1/o e/ coito ',#in,/F e9i-tien"o poc,- -entenci,-

?ue ,co#ieon /, opini1n cont,i,.

En 5i opini1n /, intepet,ci1n "e/ 'oc,%/o >,ce 0ue 0uete5ente

in0/uenci,"o po e/ %ien &u!"ico oi#in,/5ente pote#i"o con /, tipi0ic,ci1n

"e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF e-to e- e/ o"en "e /, 0,5i/i, > /, 5o,/i"," p=%/ic,.

De-"e e-t, pe-pecti', -e pue"e conc/ui ?ue e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n ten!,

co5o 0in,/i"," pote#e un, coect, con-tituci1n "e /, 0,5i/i,F -ien"o e/

pi/, 0un",5ent,/ "e to"o #upo 0,5i/i, /, "e-cen"enci,. A-! /,- co-,-F c,%e

,n,/i;,F e/ <ec<o "e ?ue /, poce,ci1n tiene po =nico ,ntece"ente /, c1pu/,

no5,/F e-to e-F po '!, ',#in,/F po /o ?ue ,/ no intee-,/e ,/ /e#i-/,"o ,/

5o5ento "e /, "ict,ci1n "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/) /, /i%et," -e9u,/F > ,/ no tene /,

penet,ci1n po '!, ,n,/ o %uc,/ t,-cen"enci, en e/ 85%ito "e /, 0,5i/i,F

e-u/t,%, /1#ico conc/uiF <,%i", con-i"e,ci1n ,/ %ien &u!"ico pote#i"oF ?ue

e/ concepto >,cien"o e5p/e,"o en e/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o n 3@( "e/ C1"i#o

Pen,/F -e e0iie, -o/,5ente ,/ coito no5,/.

C/,,5ente e-t, intepet,ci1n "e/ 'oc,%/o >,ceF no -e "e-,o//1 ,

/, p, con /, e'o/uci1n "e /, -ocie","F co5o t,5poco con e/ %ien &u!"ico ?ueen /, ,ctu,/i"," -e entien"e pote#i"o po e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n.

A/ e-t,%/ece-e ?ue e/ t5ino >,ce -e e0e!, , /, c1pu/, no5,/F

-u#!, t,5%in /, inteo#,nte "e -i e, nece-,i, /, e>,cu/,ci1n "e/ <o5%e en

(@



/o- 1#,no- 0e5enino- p,, ", cu5p/i5iento ,/ tipo pen,/. A/ e-pecto -e

5,ne&,%,n te- teo!,-

,) C'/+/)+' (+%(4'4(: -e#=n e-t, teo!, -e e?ue!, e/ -i5p/e cont,cto "e

/o- e-pecti'o- 1#,no- -e9u,/e-F -in nece-i"," inc/u-o "e ?ue <u%ie-e e9i-ti"o penet,ci1n

%) I/(+66+' ;%/+6 -upon!, /, penet,ci1n tot,/ o p,ci,/ "e/ pene en /, ',#in,

c) I/(+66+' 6%(+/+6 -upon!, penet,ci1n > e>,cu/,ci1n "e/ 1#,no 5,-cu/ino

en e/ 0e5enino.

*e#=n e/ po0e-o 2,i"o Montt e, -u0iciente /, penet,ci1n p,ci,/ "e/

pene en /, ',#in, p,, ?ue e/ 'e%o >,ce -e <u%ie, e,/i;,"o.

D.- S$eo Ac"o

De%i"o , ?ue e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n e- un "e/ito "e popi, 5,no en e/

?ue e/ pene "e%e in',"i /, ',#in, "e /, 5u&eF e/ -u&eto ,cti'o nece-,i,5ente

"e%!, -e un ',1nF un, 5u&e -1/o po"!, ,ctu, co5o co,uto, en e/ c,-o "e/

,nti#uo NQ ( "e/ 3@( ,>u",n"o po e&e5p/o , "o%/e#, /, e-i-tenci, "e /,

'!cti5,.

E.- S$eo P+,"o

L, "octin, -e 5,ntu'o uni0o5e en -eK,/, ?ue e/ -u&eto p,-i'o "e/"e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n en ,tenci1n , /, "e-cipci1n ?ue /, /e> <,c!, "e/ 5i-5oF

nece-,i,5ente "e%!, -e un, 5u&e.

(7



L, 5u&e po"!, -e -o/te, o c,-,", > no i5pot,%, -u e"," o con"ici1nF

co5o -uce"!, en e/ "e/ito "e ,pto ,nteio ,t!cu/o n 3+$ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/)

> e-tupo "eo#,"o ,t!cu/o n 3@3 "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/).

A/ e-pecto -e "i-cut!, -i un, 5u&e c,-,", po"!, -e 'io/,", po -u5,i"o. L, ten"enci, 5o"en,F ,/ intepet, /, ,nti#u, no5,ti',F %,-8n"o-e

en /, /i%et," -e9u,/ t,nto "e/ <o5%e co5o "e /, 5u&eF -u-tent,%, ?ue -i e/

5,i"o 'io/ent,%, /, 'o/unt," "e /, 5u&e > /, o%/i#,%, , tene e/,cione-

-e9u,/e- con / co5et!, e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF >, ?ue "ento "e/ 5,ti5onio

/, e/,ci1n -e9u,/ ?ue", -u&et, , /, 'o/unt," "e ,5%o- p,ticip,nte- > no ,/

,%itio ,%-o/uto "e uno "e e//o-. A"e58- ,=n cu,n"o e/ 5,i"o tiene "eec<o

"e ,cce"e c,n,/5ente , /, 5u&e t,5%in "e%e , -t, potecci1n -e#=n e/

,t!cu/o (3( "e/ C1"i#o Ci'i/.

En /, p8ctic,F %,&o e/ i5peio "e /, ,nti#u, /e#i-/,ci1n -e ton,%,

e9te5,",5ente "i0!ci/ /, pue%, "e /, 'io/,ci1n ente c1n>u#e-F po /o ?ue

en -u #ene,/i"," e-to- <ec<o- ?ue",%,n i5pune-.

No o%-t,nte /o ,nteioF e-u/t, intee-,nte ,n,/i;, /o e-t,%/eci"o po e/

,nti#uo ,t!cu/o n 3@:F inci-o cu,toF e/ ?ue -eK,/, ?ue E/ )'' &-6' 6%

66;%/% %, ;4'&%+(+%/)' ' 6% 4%(+)% ,- ;%/- &-6/'6% %, '8%/6'4 &'/ ,-

'8%/+-B. En 'itu" "e e-t, no5, /, ce/e%,ci1n "e un 5,ti5onio

po-teio , /, co5i-i1n "e "e/itoF con-titu!, 5ito -u0iciente p,, -u-pen"e e/

poce"i5iento o e5iti /, pen,F en -u c,-o. *i#uien"o /, /1#ic, > e/ 5i-5o

,;on,5iento "e e-t, no5,F e-u/t,%, ,%-u"o po-tu/, /, po-i%i/i"," "e ?ue

un <o5%e 'io/,, , -u c1n>u#eF >, ?ue -i e/ 5,ti5onio ce/e%,"o con po-teioi"," , /, co5i-i1n "e/ "e/ito "e&,%, i5pune e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF

con 5,>o ,;1n "e%!, <,ce/o e/ 5,ti5onio ce/e%,"o con ,nteioi",".

($



2.- C)+,"3"c+c"4n

A5 V"o)+c"4n p%op"+

E-te tipo "e 'io/,ci1n e-t,%, pe'i-to en e/ ,nteio ,t!cu/o 3@( NQ (F e/?ue -eK,/,%, ?ue

$S% &'(%)% *+',-&+/ -&+%/' &'/ ,- (3%4 %/ -,5/' % ,'6 &-6'6

6+5+%/)%6:

1 C-/' 6% 6- % 8%49- ' +/)+(+-&+/B

Po"e5o- entonce- 'e ?ue en e-te c,-o -e 'io/ent,%, /, /i%et," -e9u,/

"e /, '!cti5, e&ecien"o en -u cont, 0ue;, o inti5i",ci1n.

Po 0ue;, -e enten"!, /, 0!-ic,F e&eci", -o%e /, 5u&e p,, 'ence -u

e-i-tenci,. Pu"ien"o -e e&eci", po e/ ',1nF ,uto "e/ "e/itoF o po un

teceoF <o5%e o 5u&eF ?ue /o ,>u",,. Po"!, -uce"e t,5%in ?ue /, 5u&e

-e encont,, en un, -itu,ci1n 0o;,", po c,u-,- ,&en,- , -u 'o/unt,"F

inc,p,cit,", p,, opone e-i-tenci,F po e&e5p/o -i e-t,%, ,5,,", , /, c,5,

po un teceo po "i-tint,- ,;one-F -itu,ci1n ?ue e/ 'io/,"o no popici,%,

-ino ?ue ,po'ec<,%,. Po t,nto /, 0ue;, po"!, tene un oi#en in"epen"iente

, /, 'o/unt," "e/ ,#enteF peoF -i -te uti/i;,%, e/ e-t,"o "e in"e0en-i1n "e /,

5u&e p,, co5ete e/ ,tent,"o -e9u,/ -e enten"!, ?ue e5p/e,%, 0ue;,.

L, 0ue;,F , ?ue -e e0e!, e-te "e/itoF "e%!, -e e&eci", -o%e e/ cuepo

"e /, 5u&eF "e%!, -e inten-, > c,p,; "e 'ence /, e-i-tenci, "e /, '!cti5,F

peo no e?ue!, -in e5%,#o -e ie-i-ti%/e. De%!,F ,"e58-F -e #,'eF /o ?ue

-e ,peci,%, "e ,cue"o , /,- con"icione- "e/ <ec<oF t,/e- co5o /, e"," "e /o-inte'iniente-F -u conte9tu, 0!-ic,F > -u- con"icione- "e -,/u".

*i /, 0ue;, no -e e&ec!, -o%e e/ cuepo "e /, 5u&e -ino -o%e un

teceoF co5o po e&e5p/oF -u <i&o pe?ueKoF no con-titu!, 0ue;, p,, e-to-

e0ecto-F peo -! po"!, c,/i0ic,-e co5o inti5i",ci1n.

(:



*e#=n e/ *. 2,i"o Montt /, 0ue;, "e%!, t,5%in -e e0ic,; p,,

-upe, /, e-i-tenci, "e /, '!cti5,F -in e5%,#o no e, nece-,io ?ue /,

e-i-tenci, "e /, 5u&e 0ue-e "e-e-pe,",F %,-t,%, con ?ue 0ue, 0i5e >

pe5,nente.: E, -ie5pe nece-,io ?ue /, 0ue;, -i'ie, "e 5e"io p,,o%tene /, c1pu/,F "e%ien"o -e /, c,u-, ?ue pe5it!, e/ ,cce-o c,n,/.

P,, e/ po0e-o Etc<e%e> no <,%!, 0ue;, en e/ e5p/eo "e 'io/enci,

cont, /,- co-,- po e&e5p/o "ei%, un, puet,F -i -e ",%, e/ c,-o "e ?ue t,/e-

con"uct,- ,te5oi;,n , /, 5u&e > /, in"ucen , no e-i-tiF e-t8%,5o- >, en /,

<ip1te-i- "e /, inti5i",ci1n > no "e /, 0ue;, popi,5ente t,/.

Po e/ t5ino Inti5i",F uti/i;,"o en /, ,nti#u, /e#i-/,ci1n -e

enten"!, e/ pe-ion, p-ico/1#ic,5ente "e o%, o "e p,/,%, , /, '!cti5,

5e"i,nte /, ,5en,;, "e un 5,/ p19i5o ?ue ec,e!, en e//, o en un, pe-on,

?uei",F /, ,5en,;, "e%!, -e in5e"i,t, , /, co5i-i1n "e/ "e/ito > -e "e un,

#,'e"," ?ue <icie, pe0ei , /, '!cti5, -u0i e/ ,tent,"o -e9u,/ ,nte- ?ue /,

conceci1n "e /, ,5en,;,. No e, nece-,io ?ue /, ,5en,;, con-titu>e, un

ci5en o -i5p/e "e/itoF %,-t,%, ?ue 0ue, in&u-t,.

En opini1n "e/ po0e-o Etc<e%e> e/ 5,/ con ?ue -e ,5en,;,%, "e%!,

con-i-ti en c,u-, ",Ko 0!-ico en e/ cuepoF /, 'i", o /, -,/u" "e /, popi,

5u&e o "e un, tece, pe-on, con /, cu,/ -e encuent, /i#,", po '!ncu/o-

,0ecti'o- ?ue <,cen e0ic,; /, inti5i",ci1n. L, ,5en,;, "e ot, c/,-e "e

",Ko-F po e&e5p/o en /, popie","F no p,ec!, ?ue pu"ie, con-i"e,-e

-u0iciente5ente #,'e co5o p,, ,"5iti /, 'io/,ci1n po 0ue;, 5o,/.

!5 V"o)+c"4n "/p%op"+

E-t, c/,-e "e 'io/,ci1n e-t,%, pe'eni", en /o- n=5eo- "o- > te- "e/

,nti#uo ,t!cu/o 3@( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ ?ue ,/ e-pecto -eK,/,%,

: M,io 2,i"o MonttF Deec<o Pen,/F p,te e-peci,/F to5o IIF P8#. $$



$S% &'(%)% *+',-&+/ -&+%/' &'/ ,- (3%4 %/ -,5/' % ,'6 &-6'6

6+5+%/)%6:

2 C-/' ,- (3%4 6% -,,- ;4+*-- % 4-9/ ' % 6%/)+' ;'4 &-,<+%4

&-6-.= C-/' 6%- (%/'4 % '&% ->'6 &(;,+'6? -@/ &-/' /' &'/&44-

/+/5/- % ,-6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6 %;4%6--6 %/ ,'6 /@(%4'6 -/)%4+'4%6.B

En e/ pi5e c,-oF e- "eciF cu,n"o /, 5u&e e-t8 pi',", "e ,;1n o "e

-enti"oF -e p/,nte,%,n "o- <ip1te-i-

P'4 ;4+*-&+/ % 4-9/ -e enten"!, un, ,0ecci1n 5ent,/ ?ue -u0!, un,

5u&e ?ue /e i5pe"!, to5, concienci, "e /, n,tu,/e;, o -i#ni0ic,ci1n "e /o-

,cto- ?ue e,/i;,%,F /, ,0ecci1n "e%!, tene -u 0un",5ento en un, en0e5e","

"e -u p-i?ui-F po"!, ,-e5e&,-e ,/ en,&en,"o 5ent,/ ?ue e/ ,t!cu/o ( NQ ( "e/

C1"i#o Pen,/ "eno5in, /oco o "e5ente. En -!nte-i- -e t,t,%, "e un,

en0e5e"," 5ent,/ ?ue ten!, e/ #,"o ,"ecu,"o "e inten-i"," p,, pi', ,/

?ue /, -u0!, "e /, c,p,ci"," "e co5pen"e e/ ,/c,nce > t,-cen"enci, "e -u-

,cto-.

P4+*-&+/ % 6%/)+'F e-t, <ip1te-i- no -e e0e!, , /, p"i", "e /o-

-enti"o- t,/e- co5o e/ #u-to o /, 'i-t,F -ino , un, ,u-enci, te5po,/ "e

concienci, ?ue -e po"!, tene po e/ -ueKoF un, "o#,F /, %e%i",F <ipn1-i-F

etc. E/ ,t!cu/o 3@( "i-pon!, ?ue e-t, pi',ci1n "e -enti"o -e po"!, -u0i po

cu,/?uie c,u-,F po /o ?ue en /, "ete5in,ci1n "e/ tipo pen,/ no intee-,%, e/

oi#en "e "ic<, pi',ci1nF /, ?ue po"!, -e c,u-,", po e/ ,#ente o po un

teceo no 'incu/,"o ,/ "e/itoF o po un ,cto cu/po-o o 0otuito "e /, popi,5u&e.

En e/ e'ento "e ?ue /, pi',ci1n "e -enti"o 0ue, c,u-,", po un teceo

,&eno , /, co5i-i1n "e/ "e/ito o /, popi, 5u&eF ,/ i#u,/ ?ue en e/ c,-o "e /,

(



0ue;,F -e e?ue!, ?ue e/ -u&eto ,cti'o "e/ "e/ito -e ,po'ec<,, "e/ e-t,"o "e

/, 5u&e > ,%u-,, "e e//,.

M3%4 (%/'4 % '&% ->'6: Po -u p,teF en e/ nu5e,/ teceo "e/

,nteio ,t!cu/o n 3@( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F e- "eciF cu,n"o -e t,t,%, "e un,5u&e 5eno "e "oce ,Ko- cu5p/i"o-F e-t8%,5o- 0ente , un e/e5ento

o%&eti'o "e/ tipo pen,/F cu,/ e-F /, e"," cono/1#ic, "e /, 5u&eF no

i5pot,n"o en ,%-o/uto -u "e-,o//o 5ent,/ o 0!-ico.

*i /, 5u&e e, 5eno "e "oce ,Ko- -u int,n#i%i/i"," -e9u,/ e#!, en

p/enitu"F e/ "eec<o e-t,%/ec!, ?ue /, 5u&e 5eno "e "oce ,Ko- e, tot,/5ente

inc,p,; "e ,uto"ete5in,-e -e9u,/5enteF "e 5o"o ?ueF e, ie/e',nte -u

con-enti5iento o -u po'oc,ci1n en /, e,/i;,ci1n "e/ ,cto -e9u,/F >, ?ue -te

-ie5pe -e!, t!pico. E/ po0e-o 2,i"o Montt e-ti5, ?ue e/ ,#ente "e%!,

conoce /, e"," "e /, '!cti5, > ?ue e/ eo en e-te c,-o -e ,peci,!,

con0o5e , /,- e#/,- "e/ eo "e tipo ?ue e9c/ui!, e/ "o/o -e#=n -e, o no

in-upe,%/e.

G.- T"po S$*e"o

En e-te "e/itoF /, ,nti#u, no5, e9i#!, "o/o "iecto. En e-te c,-o e/ "o/o

con-i-t!, en /, 'o/unt," "e/ -u&eto "e e,/i;, /, c1pu/, con /, '!cti5,

e5p/e,n"o 0ue;, o inti5i",ci1n o ,po'ec<,5iento "e -u incon-cienci, o -u

5eno e",".

No c,%!, /, po-i%i/i"," "e un "e/ito cu/po-o "e 'io/,ci1n.Cu,n"o -e e5p/e,%, /, 0ue;, o /, inti5i",ci1nF no e, po-i%/e <,%/,

"e "o/o e'entu,/ o "e cu/p,F pue-to ?ue /, n,tu,/e;, "e t,/ con"uct, /o-

e9c/u!,F po?ue /, 'io/enci, ?ue -upon!, ten!, ?ue i "ii#i", ,/ /o#o "e /,

e/,ci1n -e9u,/F /o ?ue <,c!, i5pe,ti'o un, 'o/unt," "ii#i", en e-e -enti"oF



en /o- c,-o- "e /o- n=5eo- "o- > te- "e/ ,nteio ,t!cu/o 3@( t,5poco

poce"!, pue-to ?ue ,?u! -e e?ue!, ,po'ec<,5iento "e p,te "e/ ,#ente /o

?ue pe-upon!, -u 'o/unt," en t,/ -enti"o.

*in e5%,#o "e /o ,nteio e/ po0e-o Etc<e%e> pien-, ?ue -i %ien e/"e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n -e e&ecut,%, o"in,i,5ente con "o/o "iectoF e/ "o/o

e'entu,/ ten!, c,%i", "ento "e /o- c,-o- "e/ n=5eo "o- > te- "e/ ,t!cu/o

3@(F e- "eci cu,n"o -e "u",%, ,cec, "e /, e"," "e /, 5u&e o "e -u pi',ci1n

"e ,;1n.

.- Ie% C%"/"n",

De%i"o , ?ue e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n e, "e 5e, ,cti'i"," "e%!,

"e-c,t,-e "e p/,no /, po-i%i/i"," "e un "e/ito "e e-t, n,tu,/e;, co5o

0u-t,"o.

E/ "e/ito -e con-u5,%, po /, e,/i;,ci1n "e /, c1pu/, > en opini1n "e /,

5,>o!, no e?ue!, "e e>,cu/,ci1n "e/ ',1n ,/ inteio "e/ 1#,no 0e5eninoF

%,-t,%, con /, penet,ci1n "e/ pene en /, ',#in,.

L, "i0icu/t," -e pe-ent,%, 0ente , /, <ip1te-i- "e /, tent,ti',

popi,5ente t,/F en e/,ci1n ,/ ,t!cu/o 3@ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ ?ue e9pe-,%,

$L'6 %,+)'6 <% )4-)- %6)% ;44-8' 6% &'/6+%4-/ &'/6(-'6 %6%

<% - ;4+/&+;+' % %3%&&+/B

En e-t, 5,tei, 2u-t,'o L,%,tut "i-tin#u!, ente /o- ,cto- ?ue

i5pot,%,n un &'(+%/9' % %3%&&+/ %, %,+)' > /o- ?ue -i#ni0ic,%,n&'(+%/9' % %3%&&+/ % ,- &;,-. Lo- pi5eo- e-t,%,n con-titui"o- po /o-

,cto- ,nteioe- , /, penet,ci1n "e/ peneF po e&e5p/o "e-nu", , /, 5u&e. E/

,cto ?ue -i#ni0ic,%, &'(+%/9' % %3%&&+/ % ,- &;,- -e e0e!,

concet,5ente , /, penet,ci1n "e /, 5u&e. Po t,ntoF -e#=n e-te po0e-oF

3



e, tot,/5ente "i-tinto /, tent,ti', "e /, 'io/,ci1n > /o- ,cto- "ii#i"o- ,

concet, /, c1pu/,F po /o ?ue e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n ,"5it!, /o- #,"o- "e

tent,ti', > "e "e/ito 0u-t,"o(.

E/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o n 3@ peci-,%, /e#,/5ente cu,n"o -e "e%!,enten"e con-u5,"o e/ "e/itoF > e-to e, cu,n"o <,%!, pincipio "e

penet,ci1n ',#in,/. De e-te 5o"o no -e %u-c,%, c,-ti#, con e-t, no5,

co5o "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n , /o- ,cto- ,nteioe-F po?ue o%&eti',5ente /o- ,cto-

pe'io- con-titu!,n ,%u-o- "e-<one-to- ?ue e, un tipo pen,/ "i-tinto. A"e58-

c,%e "e-t,c, ?ueF cu,n"o e/ /e#i-/,"o <, ?uei"o ?ue un "e/ito -e,

-,ncion,"o co5o con-u5,"o "e-"e /, tent,ti', -ie5pe /o -eK,/,

e9pe-,5ente.

Po -u p,te e/ po0e-o Etc<e%e> citic, /, "octin, ,nteio > e-ti5,

?ue , /, e9pe-i1n "e/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o 3@ &'(+%/9' % %3%&&+/ "e%!,

"8-e/e e/ 5i-5o ,/c,nce ?ue e/ ?ue tiene e/ ,t!cu/o 7Q inci-o 0in,/ ?ue "e0ine

/, tent,ti', > ?ue -eK,/, ?ue $H- )%/)-)+*- &-/' %, &,;-,% - ;4+/&+;+'

- ,- %3%&&+/ %, &4+(%/ ' 6+(;,% %,+)' ;'4 %&'6 +4%&)'6? ;%4' 8-,)-/ /'

' (6 ;-4- 6 &'(;,%(%/)'B. De 5,ne, ?ue ,-! -e co5pen"!, en e//,-

to"o- /o- ,cto- ?ue "iect, e ine?u!'oc,5ente ten"!,n , /, c1pu/, >F po t,nto

en e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n no c,%!, /, po-i%i/i"," "e /, tent,ti',.

I.- V"o)+c"4n con o/"c"'"o.

E/ ,nteio ,t!cu/o n 37 %i-F -eK,/,%, ?ue E/ ?ue con 5oti'o u oc,-i1n "e'io/,ci1n o "e -o"o5!, c,u-,eF ,"e58- /, 5uete "e/ o0en"i"oF -e8 c,-ti#,"o

con /, pen, "e pe-i"io pepetuo , 5uete.

( 2u-t,'o L,%,tut 2/en,F Deec<o Pen,/F to5o IIF p,te e-peci,/. -pti5, e"ici1n.



E-t, "i-po-ici1n conte5p/,%, un "e/ito &'(;,%3'? en e/ ?ue -e e9i#!,

,"e58- "e /, 'io/,ci1n "e /, 5u&eF ?ue -e c,u-,e -u 5ueteF en oto-

t5ino-F no e, nece-,io ?ue -e co5etie, <o5ici"ioF -ino -o/,5ente ?ue

-e po'oc,, /, 5uete.*e e5p/e,on e9pe-ione- -e5e&,nte- , /,- u-,",- po e/ ,t!cu/o 33 n

( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F e/ ?ue -e e0iee ,/ o%o con <o5ici"ioF -eK,/,n"o ?ue

"e%!, po"uci-e e/ "ece-o con 5oti'o u oc,-i1nF /o ?ue -i#ni0ic,%, ?ue /,

5uete -e po"!, pe-ent, co5o 5e"io "e co5ete /, 'io/,ci1n con 5oti'o)F

/o ?ue e, ,%-u"oF pue- -i#ni0ic,!, pi', "e /, 'i", , /, 5u&e p,, ,%u-, "e

e//,F "e 5o"o ?ue "e%!, enten"e-e "ic<, e9pe-i1n en e/ -enti"o "e ?ue /,

5uete -e po"uc!, "u,nte /, co5i-i1n "e "e/ito con oc,-i1n)F o -e, "u,nte

/, c1pu/,.((

E-t, 5uete po"!, -e 0otuit, un ,t,?ue ,/ co,;1n "e /, '!cti5,) o

c,u-,", po /, ,cti'i"," "e/ ,#ente o "e un co,uto ,/ e5p/e, /, 0ue;,

p,, "o5in, -u e-i-tenci, "u,nte /, c1pu/,. T,5%in e-, 5uete po"!,

po"uci-e con po-teioi"," , /, co5i-i1n "e/ "e/ito p,, #,,nti;, e/

ocu/t,5iento "e/ <ec<o o /, no i"enti0ic,ci1n "e/ e-pon-,%/e > ,=n p,,

0,ci/it, /, <u!",.(

*e#=n /o e9pue-to po e/ *. M,io 2,i"o MonttF e-t,- 0o5,- "e

5uete "e%!,n e-tin#i-e e9c/u-i',5ente , /,- ?ue e,n con-ecuenci, "e

,cti'i","e- "o/o-,- o cu/po-,-F peo nunc, 0otuit,-F po?ue -i#ni0ic,!,

,cept, en e/ o"en,5iento n,cion,/ e/ pincipio "e *%46-4+? "e-c,t,"o "e-"e

<,ce "c,",- "e /o- -i-te5,- pen,/e-F po?ue cont,'en!, e/ pincipio "ecu/p,%i/i",".

(( M,io 2,i"o MonttF Deec<o Pen,/F p,te e-peci,/F to5o IIF p8# :+( M,io 2,i"o MonttF Deec<o Pen,/F p,te e-peci,/F to5o IIF p8# :+

+



L, 5uete ten!, ?ue e-t, 'incu/,", c,-u,/5ente con /, 'io/,ci1n > po

/o 5eno- "e%!, -e ,ti%ui%/e , ,/#uno "e /o- inte'iniente- , t!tu/o "e cu/p,.(3

E- "e/ c,-o -eK,/, ?ue con0o5e , /o ,nteioF e/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o n 37

%i- conte5p/,%, un "e/ito co5p/e&o 'io/,ci1n > <o5ici"io)F "e 5,ne,?ue e/ "e/ito "e <o5ici"io no po"!, ent, en concu-o con e/ "e 'io/,ci1nF

to", 'e; ?ueF /, #,'e"," "e /, -,nci1n i5pue-t, po /, no5, o%/i#,%, ,

conc/ui ?ue /, intenci1n "e/ /e#i-/,"o 0ue /, "e co5pen"e /, 5uete

"o/o-, o cu/po-, en un, uni"," con /, 'io/,ci1nF po e//o <,c!, e0eenci,

, /, c,u-,ci1n "e 5uete "e /, 5u&e > no , -u <o5ici"ioF /o ?ue pe5it!,

e9ten"e e/ ,/c,nce "e "ic<, no5, ,/ cu,-i"e/ito "e <o5ici"io.

#.- Pen+)"'+' 'e) 'e)"o 'e "o)+c"4n

L, -,nci1n ?ue e-t,%/ec!, e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ p,, e/

"e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n "i-tin#u!, ente ,?ue//,- 0o5,- "e 'io/,ci1n "e /o-

n=5eo- (Q > Q cu,n"o -e e5p/e,%, 0ue;, o inti5i",ci1n o <,%!,

,po'ec<,5iento "e /, pi',ci1n "e -enti"o o ,;1n)F con /, "e/ NQ 3

5u&e 5eno "e "oce ,Ko- cu5p/i"o-). En e/ pi5e c,-oF /, -,nci1n e,

pe-i"io 5eno en -u #,"o 5e"io > en e/ -e#un"o c,-o pe-i"io 5,>o en

-u #,"o 5!ni5o , 5e"io.

(3 M,io 2,i"o MonttF Deec<o Pen,/F p,te e-peci,/F to5o IIF p8# :+

@



*e#=n e/ po0e-o Etc<e%e> t,t8n"o-e "e un "e/ito con p/u,/i"," "e

<ip1te-i-F e-u/t,%, in"i0eenteF p,, /o- e0ecto- "e /, /e>F e,/i;, /,

'io/,ci1n en un, -o/, "e /,- cicun-t,nci,- co5ent,",- o concuien"o "o-

"e e//,-. Con un, -o/, %,-t,%, p,, ?ue e/ "e/ito -u#ie,F > /, ot, noten!, e0ecto p,, c,/i0ic, e/ "e/itoF ni p,, ,#,', /, pen,F ni -i?uie, en

e/ c,-o "e -e en -! un, ,#,',nteF ",", /, e#/, "e/ ,t!cu/o n @3 "e/

C1"i#o Pen,/F e/ ?ue -eK,/, ?ue $N' ;4'&%/ %, %8%&)' % -(%/)-4 ,-

;%/- ,-6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6 -54-*-/)%6 <% ;'4 6 (+6(-6 &'/6)+)%/ %, %,+)'

%6;%&+-,(%/)% ;%/-' ;'4 ,- ,%? ' <% 6)- -- %;4%6-' -, %6&4++4,'

' ;%/-4,'. T-(;'&' ,' ;4'&%/ -<%,,-6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6 -54-*-/)%6 %

)-, (-/%4- +/%4%/)%6 -, %,+)' <% 6+/ ,- &'/&%/&+- % %,,-6 /' ;%%

&'(%)%46%B. Lo ,nteio -e "e-pen"!, "e /, ,p/ic,ci1n "e /,- e#/,-

#ene,/e- > -e 'e!, con0i5,"o po e/ <ec<o "e ?ue e/ te9to /e#,/

e9pe-,%,F en e/ n=5eo te-F ?ue -e ",%, oi#en , un, 'io/,ci1n $-/

&-/' /' &'/&44- /+/5/- % ,-6 '6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6 -/)%4+'4%6BF /o ?ue

in"ic,%, c/,,5ente ?ue t,5%in /o e, en c,-o "e ?ue e0ecti',5ente

concuie, ,/#un, "e e//,-.

7



$



CAPÍTULO SEGUNDO

ISTORIA DE LA NUEVA LEY DE DELITOS SEUALES

A.- E) Men,+e P%e,"'enc"+).

En e/ 5e- "e Ju/io "e/ ,Ko (::3F 0ue en'i,"o , /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-

e/ Men-,&e Pe-i"enci,/ "e "on P,ticio A>/in A;oc,F Pe-i"ente "e /,

Rep=%/ic, "e /, poc,F ?ue conten!, e/ po>ecto "e /e> ?ue popon!,

5o"i0ic,cione- ,/ C1"i#o Pen,/F e/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/ > oto-

cuepo- /e#,/e- en 5,tei,- e/,ti',- ,/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n. En "ic<, poc,

"on ,nci-co Cu5p/i"o Ceece", -e "e-e5peK,%, co5o Mini-to "e Ju-tici,F

> "oK, M,!, *o/e"," A/'e, 6,/en;ue/, "etent,%, e/ c,#o "e Mini-t,

Diecto, "e/ *e'icio N,cion,/ "e /, Mu&e.

E/ Pe-i"ente A>/inF co5ien;, -eK,/,n"o ?ue 0un", -u po>ecto "e /e>

$%/ ,- -6%/&+- % /- /'4(-)+*- %8+&-9 %/ ,- (-)%4+-B F ,po>,n"o -u

,0i5,ci1nF pincip,/5enteF en /,- conc/u-ione- "e/ e-tu"io e,/i;,"o po /,

Diecci1n "e E-tu"io- *ocio/1#ico- "e /, Uni'e-i"," C,t1/ic, "e C<i/eF

DE*UCF -o%e L, 6io/enci, *e9u,/ en C<i/eF "i5en-ione- co/ecti',-F cu/tu,

> po/!tic, 0in,/i;,"o en Dicie5%e "e (::.

E/ e0ei"o e-tu"io ,o&1 /,- -i#uiente- conc/u-ione-

(. Pue"e e-ti5,-e ?ue /, popoci1n "e <ec<o- "e connot,ci1n -e9u,/

no "enunci,"o- 0/uct=, ente /o- 7+S > e/ :SF ci0, ?ue e- e/,ti',5enteinciet, po "e-conoce-e /,- ci0,- ne#,-. Dic<, ci0, e- e-peci,/5ente

e/e',", ,/ t,t,-e "e '!cti5,- 5enoe-F /o- ?ue po%,%/e5ente pot,#oni;,n

58- "e . epi-o"io- "e 'io/enci, ,/ ,Ko.

:



. E/ 7(F+S "e /,- '!cti5,- "e "e/ito- -e9u,/e-F t,/e- co5oF 'io/,ci1nF

e-tupoF 'io/,ci1n -o"o5!tic, > ,%u-o- "e-<one-to-F -on 5enoe- "e e",". De

e-t, ci0, un 7F3S coe-pon"e , 5enoe- "e ,Ko- e/ 3(S , 5enoe- "e :

,Ko- > e/ +7F3S , 5enoe- "e ( ,Ko-.3. En e/ 7(S "e /o- c,-o- e9i-ten 'incu/,cione- "e p,ente-coF ,5i-t,"

o conoci5iento ente /, '!cti5, > e/ 'icti5,io.

*eK,/, e/ Men-,&e Pe-i"enci,/ ?ueF e-t,- ci0,- pe5itieon "e-cu%i /,

e9i-tenci, "e #,'e- eoe- en /, pecepci1n p=%/ic, "e/ 0en15eno "e /,

'io/enci, -e9u,/ en nue-to p,!-F to", 'e; ?ue -e /e- ,ti%u!,F "e 5o"o

"ete5in,nteF , o0en-oe- e9t,Ko-F ,nti-oci,/e- > 5,#in,/e-F -uponin"o-e

cicun-t,nci,- in0ecuente- en /, co5i-i1n "e /o- "e/ito-F co5o po e&e5p/oF /,

e9te5, 'io/enci,F ocuien"o en /u#,e- > <o,io- en -! pe/i#o-o-.

E-t, pecepci1n e?u!'oc, -i#ni0ic,%, ?ue nue-t, /e#i-/,ci1n pen,/ no

e#u/,%, en 0o5, e0ic,; /o- 5o"o- > cicun-t,nci,- e,/e- "e /, co5i-i1n "e

e-te tipo "e "e/ito-F /o ?ue no- //e',%, , /, ine0icienci, "e /o- 5ec,ni-5o-

pen,/e- > poce-,/e- con-,#,"o- en e/ o"en,5iento &u!"ico p,, pe'eniF

po%, > -,ncion, e-to- <ec<o- i/!cito-F ton8n"o-eF po /o t,nto in"i-pen-,%/e

un, e0o5, , /, e9i-tente /e#i-/,ci1n.

un","o en /o ,nteio e/ Po>ecto "e Le> pe-ent,"o po e/ *.

Pe-i"enteF "on P,ticio A>/in popon!, /,- -i#uiente- 5o"i0ic,cione-

(. A/ C1"i#o Pen,/

,) Ree5p/,;, e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF p,, con-i"e, co5o -u&eto ,cti'o

o p,-i'o t,nto ,/ <o5%e co5o , /, 5u&eF inc/ui en /, con"uct, t!pic, e/,cce-o c,n,/ po '!, ,n,/ o %uc,/.

%) E/i5in, /, "i-po-ici1n "e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F ?ue -e

e0iee ,/ pincipio "e e&ecuci1nF -,ncion8n"o-e /, tent,ti', "e/ "e/ito

con0o5e , /,- e#/,- #ene,/e- > no en i#u,/ 0o5, ?ue -u con-u5,ci1n.

3



c) Inc/ui e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n -o"o5!tic,F en e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n "e/

nue'o ,t!cu/o n 3@(F > en con-ecuenci, "eo#, /o- inci-o- -e#un"o > teceo

"e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@+F ?ue e#u/,%,n "ic<o "e/ito.

") E-t,%/ece co5o e#/, #ene,/ p,, /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e- /, e-ti5,ci1n"e /, pue%, en concienci,.

e) *upi5i e/ ,t!cu/o n 37 %i-F to", 'e; ?ue -u te9to con-i"e, un,

0o5, "e e-pon-,%i/i"," o%&eti',F ?ue no con-i"e, /, cu/p,%i/i"," "e/

incu/p,"oF -,ncion,n"o con /, pen, "e pe-i"io pepetuo , 5uete ,/ ?ue con

5oti'o u oc,-i1n "e 'io/,ci1n o -o"o5!, c,u-,e ,"e58- /, 5uete "e /,

'!cti5,.

0) Incopo, 5e"i",- "e-tin,",- , /, pe'enci1n > e<,%i/it,ci1nF

poponien"o 5e"i",- ,/ten,ti',- , /,- pen,- p,, /o- "e/ito- ?ue ,tent,n en

cont, "e /, /i%et," -e9u,/. E/ cu5p/i5iento "e e-t,- 5e"i",- o c,#,-

,cce-oi,- , /, pen, pincip,/F con"icion, e/ oto#,5iento "e %ene0icio-

,/ten,ti'o- p,, e/ cu5p/i5iento "e /,- con"en,- > en c,-o "e -u

incu5p/i5iento 0,cu/t, ,/ Ti%un,/ p,, e'oc, /, /i%et," po'i-ion,/

conce"i",.

. A/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/

,) Incopo, "i-po-icione- con /, 0in,/i"," "e #,,nti;, e/ "eec<o , /,

pi',ci"," > e/ -eceto "e/ -u5,ioF ,-! popone un nue'o inci-o pi5eo "e/

,t!cu/o $ %i- "e/ -i#uiente teno /ite,/ $E/ ,'6 ;4'&%6'6 ;'4 %,+)' %

*+',-&+/? &-- *%9 <% ,- ;-4)% -54-*+-- &'/&44- -, )4+/-, ;-4- %8%&)-4

-,5/- +,+5%/&+- 4%,-&+'/-- &'/ 6 &-6-? %, 3%9 %% -';)-4 ,-6 (%+-6/%&%6-4+-6 ;-4- <% 6% ;%- ,,%*-4 - &-' %/ ,- (6 -6',)- ;4+*-&+-.B

%) A5p/i, /, po-i%i/i"," "e "enunci, /, co5i-i1n "e /o- "e/ito- ?ue

,tent,n en cont, "e /, /i%et," -e9u,/ , ,?ue//,- pe-on,- ?ue po 5oti'o "e

-u /,%o po0e-ion,/ to5en conoci5iento "e e//o-.

3(



c) Incopo, "i-po-icione- p,, e-t,%/ece > ,-e#u, /, uti/i;,ci1n "e

5ec,ni-5o- "e e9ce/enci, tcnic,F co5o /, e,/i;,ci1n "e e985ene- "e ADNF

p,, ,-! po"e "ete5in, /, e9i-tenci, "e/ "e/ito > /, co5po%,ci1n "e /,

i"enti"," "e/ e-pon-,%/e.") E/ po>ecto econoce /, ',/i"e; ,/ te-ti5onio "e pe-on,- cec,n,-F

0,5i/i,5ente o po oto- 5oti'o-F , /, '!cti5,.

e) L, nue', no5,ti', %u-c, e'it, ?ueF con oc,-i1n "e /, pue%, -e

po"u;c, un t,-tono o un 5,>o -u0i5iento 5o,/ , /, '!cti5,.

A"e58- "e /o ,nteioF e/ Po>ecto "e Le> "e/ Pe-i"ente A>/inF

popone un, -eie "e 5o"i0ic,cione- ,/ C1"i#o O#8nico "e Ti%un,/e-F ,/

C1"i#o Ci'i/ > , /, Le> "e M,ti5onio Ci'i/F con /, 0in,/i"," "e oto#,

co5petenci, ,/ Jue; "e/ Ci5en p,, ponunci,-e -o%e /, ,cci1n "e "i'ocio

?ue -e intepon#, cont, "e/ c1n>u#e ?ue <, -i"o con"en,"o po /, co5i-i1n

"e ,/#=n "e/ito -e9u,/ en cont, "e/ oto.

!.- L+ D",c$,"4n en )+ C8/+%+ 'e D"p$+'o,.

E/ po>ecto "e /e> ?ue 5o"i0ic, e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F C1"i#o "e

Poce"i5iento Pen,/ > oto- cuepo- /e#,/e- en 5,tei,- e/,ti',- ,/ "e/ito "e

'io/,ci1nF 0ue ,n,/i;,"o en "i'e-,- -e-ione- po /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-F

co5o ,-i5i-5o po /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici, "e

"ic<, C85,,. A ,!; "e e-te ,n8/i-i- -e e,/i;,on un, -eie "e popue-t,- ,/

po>ecto pe-ent,"o po e/ Pe-i"ente A>/in.En /, "i-cu-i1n en /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-F ,/ i#u,/ ?ue en /, Co5i-i1n

"e Le#i-/,ci1nF Con-tituci1n > Ju-tici,F e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@(F ?ue tipi0ic, e/ "e/ito

"e 6io/,ci1nF 0ue o%&eto "e un ,5p/io "e%,teF e-pec!0ic,5ente en cu,nto , /o-

'e%o- ectoe- , uti/i;,.

3



Co5o e- -,%i"oF en /, no5, ,nteioF e/ 'e%o ecto /o

con-titu!, e/ 0o;,5iento 5e"i,nte e/ >,ceF e0ei"o

=nic,5ente ,/ coito ',#in,/ >F ,"e58- //e',"o , c,%o po un

<o5%e en cont, "e un, 5u&e.6,io- -eKoe- Diput,"o-F -i#uien"o /o popue-to po e/

E&ecuti'oF "e-e,%,n ee5p/,;, e-e t5ino po e/ "e ,cce-o

c,n,/F o e/ "e penet,ci1n -e9u,/F uti/i;,"o po /, /e#i-/,ci1n

0,nce-,F e/ ?ue -,ncion, cu,/?uie ,cto "e penet,ci1n -e9u,/F

cu,/?uie, -e, -u n,tu,/e;,F co5eti"o -o%e un, pe-on, po

otoF 5e"i,nte 'io/enci,F co,cci1nF inti5i",ci1n o -ope-,.

in,/5ente -e ,po%1F /, in"ic,ci1n ?ue ee5p/,;, e/ t5ino >,ce

po ,cce-o c,n,/F con un, pe-on,F -in i5pot, e/ -e9oF pu"ien"o ,"5iti

cu,/?uie tipo "e penet,ci1n -e9u,/F >, -e, ',#in,/F %uc,/ o ,n,/.

Re-pecto "e /, ,5p/i,ci1n "e/ tipo pen,/F e-to e-F <,cien"o e9ten-i', /,

c,/i"," "e -u&eto p,-i'o , pe-on,F e- "eciF -e, <o5%e o 5u&eF no e9i-ti1

"i-cu-i1n ,/#un,.

De e-te 5o"o -e ee5p/,;1 e/ %ien &u!"ico pote#i"o /i%et," -e9u,/

#enit,/ "e /, 5u&e po /, /i%et," -e9u,/ "e /, pe-on,(

E/ ,t!cu/o n 3@( 0ue ,po%,"o en /o- -i#uiente- t5ino-F po 5,>o!,

"e 'oto- L- *+',-&+/ 6%4 &-6)+5-- &'/ ,- ;%/- % ;4%6++' (%/'4 %/ 6

54-' (+(' - ;4%6++' (-'4 %/ 6 54-' (%+'.

C'(%)% *+',-&+/? %, <% -&% &'/ ')4- ersona (%+-/)% &-,<+%4

)+;'% enetración sexual ? %/ -,5/' % ,'6 &-6'6 6+5+%/)%6:

1° C-/' 6% 6- % ,- 8%49- ' +/)+(+-&+/

( Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici, "e /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-F Bo/et!n N ($7(

33



2° C-/' ,- ;%46'/- 6% %/&%/)4- ;4+*-- % 4-9/ y se abusa de tal

circunstancia ? ' ;4+*-- % 6%/)+' ;'4 &-,<+%4 &-6- o en situación !ue le

imida resistir"

=° C-/' ,- *&)+(- 6%- (%/'4 % 1# a$os cumlidos si %uera mu&er,

o de 1', si %uere varón.

E/ %, &-6' %, /° = %, +/&+6' -/)%4+'4? ,- ;%/- 6%4 % ;4%6++' (-'4

%/ 6 54-' (%+' - (+('B(+

Co5o /1#ic, con-ecuenci, "e /,- 5o"i0ic,cione- ,/ ,t!cu/o n 3@(F

e-pec!0ic,5ente /, ,5p/i,ci1n "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n , ,5%o- -e9o-F -e

,po%1 /, "eo#,ci1n "e /o- inci-o- -e#un"o > teceo "e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@+F ?ue

con-,#,%,n /, 'io/,ci1n -o"o5!tic,F "eo#,ci1n ?ue 0ue ,po%,", po

un,ni5i",".

A"e58- "e "eo#, e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@F -e popu-o un nue'o ,t!cu/o ?ue

con-,#,%, co5o cicun-t,nci, ,#,',nte "e /, e-pon-,%i/i"," pen,/ en e/

"e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF e/ ?ue /, '!cti5, -e, ,-cen"ienteF "e-cen"ienteF <e5,noF

c1n>u#e o con'i'iente "e/ ,utoF o ?ue -e t,te "e un, pe-on, ?ue e-tu'ie, ,-u cui","o o -e encont,e en -itu,ci1n "e "epen"enci,F e/ ?ue 0ue ,po%,"o

po un,ni5i","F en /o- -i#uiente- t5ino- S%4 &+4&/6)-/&+- -54-*-/)% %

,- 4%6;'/6-+,+- &4+(+/-, %, <% ,- *&)+(- 6%- -6&%/+%/)%? %6&%/+%/)% '

&',-)%4-, -6)- %, 6%5/' 54-' +/&,6+*% %, -)'4? ' +%/ <% 6% )4-)% %

/- ;%46'/- <% %6)*+%4% - 6 &+-' ' 6% %/&'/)4-4% %/ 6+)-&+/ %

%;%/%/&+-B *in e5%,#oF co5o -e 'e8 58- ,"e/,nte no 0ue incopo,", e-t,

5o"i0ic,ci1n ,/ te9to 0in,/ "e /, Le> n (:.@(7F en /o- t5ino- popue-to- po

/, C85,, "e Diput,"o-.

(+ Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici, "e /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-F Bo/et!n N ($7(

3



Po ot, p,te -e popu-o un nue'o ,t!cu/o 37 %i-F ?ue ten!, po

0in,/i"," e-t,%/ece 5e"i",- "e pe'enci1n > e<,%i/it,ci1nF "i-tin#uien"o

ente 5e"i",- "e potecci1n "e/ o0en"i"oF > ,/ten,ti',- , /,- pen,- pi',ti',-

"e /i%et,"F cu,n"o e-ti5,e e/ &ue; ?ue e-t, =/ti5, e-u/t,%, 58- penicio-, p,, /, e<,%i/it,ci1n "e/ ,#e-o > p,, /o- intee-e- "e /, p,te o0en"i",.

L,- 5e"i",- c,ute/,e-F enten"i",- co5o 5e"i",- "e potecci1n "e/

o0en"i"o > "e58- 5ie5%o- "e/ #upo 0,5i/i,F con-i-ti!,n en /, -u-pen-i1n

"e /, co<,%it,ci1n o "e /, 'i", en co5=nF en /, po<i%ici1n "e ,cce-o "e/

pe-unto ,#e-o ,/ "o5ici/io o /u#, "e t,%,&o "e/ o0en"i"o o ,/

e-t,%/eci5iento e"uc,cion,/ "e /o- 5enoe-.

L,- 5e"i",- ,/ten,ti',- 0,cu/t,!,n ,/ &ue; p,, con5ut, po ,/#un, "e

e//,- /,- pen,- pi',ti',- "e /i%et,"F e-t,- 5e"i",- con-i-ti!,n en /,

,-i-tenci, "e/ ,#e-o , po#,5,- e"uc,ti'o- o te,putico- %,&o e/ conto/ "e

/, in-tituci1n ?ue e-ti5, 58- con'enienteF o en /, e,/i;,ci1nF , petici1n

e9pe-, "e/ o0en-oF "e t,%,&o- "ete5in,"o- en %ene0icio "e /, co5uni","F o

p,, /, 5unicip,/i"," o p,, /,- copo,cione- 5unicip,/e-.

Con to"oF e/ incu5p/i5iento "e e-t,- 5e"i",- "e&,!, -in e0ectoF po e/

-1/o 5ini-teio "e /, /e>F /, con5ut,ci1n "e /, pen,F "e%ien"o cu5p/i-e

c,%,/5ente /, -,nci1n pi',ti', "e /i%et," pi5iti',5ente ,p/ic,", en e/

0,//o.

Intee-,nte e-u/t, 5encion, /, in"ic,ci1n ,/ po>ecto "e /e> e0ectu,",

po un #upo "e Diput,"o-F e-pecto , e-ti5, co5o ,#,',nte "e

e-pon-,%i/i"," ci5in,/ en /, co5i-i1n "e /o- "e/ito- en "i-cu-i1nF e/conoci5iento po p,te "e/ ,#e-o "e /, cicun-t,nci, "e -e pot,"o "e un,

en0e5e"," "e t,n-5i-i1n -e9u,/ ?ue pue", -e c,u-,/ "e 5uete. E-t,

in"ic,ci1n 0ue po-teio5enteF ,po%,", po un,ni5i","F en -e#un"o t85ite

e#/,5ent,ioF po /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici,F en

3+



cu,nto , /o- "e/ito- "e 'io/,ci1n > "e e-tupoF peo no 0ue incopo,", en e/

te9to "e0initi'o "e /, /e>.

Con po-teioi"," , /, ,po%,ci1n en #ene,/ po p,te "e /, Co5i-i1n

"e Le#i-/,ci1nF Con-tituci1n > Ju-tici,F con 0ec<, A#o-to "e (::F e/2o%ieno "e /, poc,F e/ "!, @ "e Dicie5%e "e (::F pe-ent1 un,

in"ic,ci1nF con /, 0in,/i"," "e ,5p/i, /,- 5o"i0ic,cione- popue-t,- , ot,-

0i#u,- pen,/e- e/,cion,"o- con /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e-F po con-i"e, ?ue to",

5o"i0ic,ci1n "e un cuepo /e#,/ pen,/ "e%e incopo, /, con-i"e,ci1n

-i-te58tic, "e /o- tipo- pen,/e- e/,cion,"o- ente -!F ,-! co5o -u 'incu/,ci1n

con /,- "e58- 0i#u,- "e e-e cuepoF , 0in "e ,5oni;, /, tute/, , /o- "i-tinto-

%iene- &u!"ico- pote#i"o-F con-e',n"o /,- "e%i",- popocione- en /,

pen,/i",".(@

L,- en5ien",- popue-t,-F en e/,ci1n ,/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n con-i-t!,n

pincip,/5ente en /,- -i#uiente-

(. Ree5p/,;, e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF con-i"e,n"o co5o -u&eto ,cti'oF

t,nto ,/ <o5%e co5o , /, 5u&e. Inc/ui en /, con"uct, t!pic, e/ ,cce-o c,n,/

5e"i,nte cu,/?uie tipo "e penet,ci1n -e9u,/ ',#in,/F ,n,/ o %uc,/).

. *,ncion, e-pec!0ic,5ente e/ #,"o "e tent,ti', "e ,cue"o , /,-

e#/,- #ene,/e- > no co5o "e/ito con-u5,"o

3. *upi5i /, 'io/,ci1n -o"o5!tic, en cu,nto -e con0i#u, en e/ nue'o

,t!cu/o n 3@( un "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n co5=n , ,5%o- -e9o-

. A#e#, co5o un, ,#,',nte e-peci,/F en /o- "e/ito- "e 'io/,ci1nF

e-tupo > ,%u-o- -e9u,/e-F e/ <ec<o ?ue /, '!cti5, -e, p,iente "e/ <ec<oF o-e ?ue t,te "e un, pe-on, ?ue e-tu'iee , -u cui","o o -e encont,e en

-itu,ci1n "e "epen"enci, e-pecto "e/ ,#e-o

(@ In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n Mi9t,F Bo/et!n N ($7

3@



+. E-t,%/ece 5e"i",- ?ue e/ &ue; pue", ,p/ic, co5o 5ec,ni-5o

pe'enti'o "e potecci1n "e/ o0en"i"oF o co5o pen,- ,/ten,ti',- , /,-

pi',ti',- "e /i%et,"

@. E-t,%/eceF co5o e#/, #ene,/F p,, e-to- "e/ito- cont, /, /i%et,"-e9u,/ /, e-ti5,ci1n "e /, pue%, en concienci,F p,, 0,ci/it, /, coect,

pon"e,ci1n "e /o- ,ntece"ente- "e/ poce-o >

7. Into"uci un, -eie "e 5o"i0ic,cione- ,/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento

Pen,/F , o%&eto "e ,#i/i;, e/ e&ecicio "e /, ,cci1nF /, pue%, "e e-to- "e/ito- >

/, co5po%,ci1n "e /, i"enti"," "e/ "e/incuenteF co5o ,-i5i-5o <,ce

co<eente- /,- "i-po-icione- "e e-te C1"i#o con /,- nue',- no5,- popue-t,-.

in,/5enteF con 0ec<, + "e Ju/io "e (::+F /, Co5i-i1n "e Le#i-/,ci1nF

Con-tituci1n > Ju-tici,F ,po%1 e/ Po>ecto "e Le>F -ien"o ,po%,", , -u 'e;

po /, C85,, "e Diput,"o- > "e-p,c<,"o ,/ *en,"o e/ "e A#o-to "e e-e

5i-5o ,Ko.

C.- E) Sen+'o.

En e-te nu5e,/ <e e-ti5,"o intee-,nte ,n,/i;, /,- ,"icione- o

en5ien",- into"uci",- po e/ *en,"oF ,/ po>ecto "e-p,c<,"o po /, C85,,

"e Diput,"o-F e0eente- ,/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n.

C,%e eco", ?ueF e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@(F ,po%,"o po /, C85,, "e

Diput,"o-F e-t,%/eci1 ?ue co5ete 'io/,ci1n e/ ?ue tu'ie, ,cce-o c,n,/ con

un, pe-on, pu"ien"o ,"5iti cu,/?uie tipo "e penet,ci1n -e9u,/F -e,',#in,/F %uc,/ o ,n,/F con-i"e,n"o , -u 'e; co5o -u&eto p,-i'o o ,cti'o "e/

"e/itoF t,nto ,/ <o5%e co5o , /, 5u&e.

A<o, %ienF e/ *en,"o ,po%1 5o"i0ic, e-te ,t!cu/o n 3@(F "e%i"o ,

?ue "e-"e un punto "e 'i-t, "e po/!tic, ci5in,/F -1/o e'i-te i5pot,nci,

37



-,ncion, co5o penet,ci1n -e9u,/ /, penet,ci1n #enit,/ o coitoF -e, "e /,

c,'i"," ',#in,/ o ,n,/F -,ncion,n"o "e e-te 5o"o t,nto e/ coito ',#in,/ co5o

,n,/F -e, <eteo-e9u,/ u <o5o-e9u,/F con un, pe-on, 5,>o "e "oce ,Ko-F

-e, <o5%e o 5u&e.Po ot, p,teF /o- *e-. *en,"oe- e-ti5,on ?ue /,- "e58- 0o5,- "e

penet,ci1n ?ue pue"en ",-eF > ?ue -e ,cec,n 58- , /, 5,-tu%,ci1n o

e5e"io "e coitoF -e, po /, c,'i"," %uc,/ o 5e"i,nte /, into"ucci1n en /,-

c,'i","e- ',#in,/ o ,n,/ "e o%&eto- "i-tinto- ,/ 1#,no 5,-cu/ino con-titu>enF

-in /u#, , "u",F con"uct,- epoc<,%/e- pen,/5enteF peoF -1/oF co5o c,-o-

"e ,%u-o -e9u,/F pu"ien"o -e 58- o 5eno- #,'e- -e#=n /,- cicun-t,nci,-.

E-ti51 e/ *en,"o ?ue po"!, 'e-e 'u/ne,"o e/ pincipio "e /e#,/i"," -i -e

tipi0ic, co5o con"uct, i/!cit, /, "e tene ,cce-o c,n,/ 5e"i,nte cu,/?uie

tipo "e penet,ci1n -e9u,/.(7

En cu,nto ,/ nu5e,/ pi5eo "e/ e0ei"o ,t!cu/o -e pe0ii1 -u-titu!

e/ t5ino 0ue;,F uti/i;,"o po /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-F po e-ti5, 58-

peci-o e/ "e 'io/enci,F p,, in"ic, un 5e"io co5i-i'o e-peci0ico "e

co,cci1n.

E/ nu5e,/ 3 "e/ ,t!cu/o en co5entoF "e/ po>ecto "e /, C85,, "e

Diput,"o- ?ue <,c!, e/ "i-tin#o ente /, '!cti5, 5eno 5u&e > e/ ',1nF

con-i"e,n"o en t,/ cicun-t,nci, , /, 5u&e 5eno "e "oce ,Ko- cu5p/i"o- >

e/ ',1n 5eno "e c,toce ,no- cu5p/i"o-F 0ue 5o"i0ic,"o po e/ *en,"oF po

con-i"e, ?ueF e/ C1"i#o Ci'i/ ,/ e-t,%/ece /, e"," "e t5ino "e /, pu%et,"

"e/ ',1n , /o- c,toce ,Ko-F en /o conceniente , -u -e9u,/i","F <, teni"o poo%&eti'o con"icion, /, ',/i"e; "e/ cont,to "e/ 5,ti5onioF > no -u c,p,ci","

p,, con-enti en /, e,/i;,ci1n "e un, ,cci1n -e9u,/F po /o ?ue c,ece!, "e

(7 Bo/et!n N ($73F Tece In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici,.

3$



0un",5ento /, "i-tinci1n ente /o- -e9o-F e-t,%/ecien"oF "e e-te 5o"oF co5o

-u&eto p,-i'o un, pe-on, 5eno "e "oce ,Ko-.($

A"e58- "eci"i1 tipi0ic, /, 'io/,ci1n "e un 5eno co5o un "e/ito

e-pec!0icoF en un, "i-po-ici1n -ep,,",F e-to e-F en e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o n 3@Focup,n"o e/ /u#, "e/ "eo#,"o ,t!cu/o n 3@ ?ue 'e-,%, -o%e e/ pincipio

"e e&ecuci1n.

L, ,#,',nte ,#e#,", po /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-F 5e"i,nte un nue'o

,t!cu/o 3@F 0un","o en ?ue /, '!cti5, -e, ,-cen"ienteF "e-cen"ienteF

c1n>u#eF con'i'iente o <e5,no "e/ ,utoF o ?ue -e t,te "e un, pe-on, ?ue

e-tu'ie, , -u cui","o o -e encuente en -itu,ci1n "e "epen"enci,F 0ue

ec<,;,", po e/ *en,"o.

L, C85,, A/t,F tu'o pe-ente ,/ ec<,;, -t, "i-po-ici1nF /,-

"i0icu/t,"e- "e conco",nci, ?ue -u#en en "i-tinto- ,-pecto-F co5o /,

'incu/,ci1n con e/ "e/ito "e ince-toF en e/ c,-o "e ?ue e9i-tie-e e/,ci1n "e

p,ente-co ente e/ -u&eto ,cti'o > p,-i'o con /,- ,ctu,/e- ,#,',nte- "e/

,t!cu/o n 3@$F cu,n"o /, '!cti5, -e encuent, ,/ cui","o "e/ ,uto > con /,-

,#,',nte- #enic,- "e /o- ,t!cu/o- ( > (3 "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/.(:

A"e58-F /, e9i-tenci, "e un 5,ti5onio o "e concu%in,to ente ,uto >

'!cti5,F con-titu>e un, -itu,ci1n ,"ic,/5ente "i0eente , /o- "e58- en /,- ?ue

e/ 0un",5ento "e /, ,#,',nte e- /, e9i-tenci, "e un "e%e ,%-o/uto o c,-i

,%-o/uto "e ,%-tenci1n -e9u,/ e-pecto "e /, '!cti5,.

En ,;1n "e /o ,nteio e/ *en,"o e-ti51 pe0ei%/e ,5p/i, e/ ,ctu,/

,t!cu/o n 3@$F "e&8n"o/o con0o5,"o po "o- inci-o-F e0iin"o-e e/ pi5eo,/ enc,#,"o po cu,/?uie t!tu/o o c,u-, "e /, e"uc,ci1nF #u,",F cu,ci1n o

cui","o "e/ o0en"i"oF > e/ -e#un"o e0o;,n"o /, ,p/ic,ci1n "e /, ,#,',nte

($ Bo/et!n N ($73F Tece In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici,(: Bo/et!n N ($73F Tece In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici,.

3:



#enic, "e ,%u-o "e con0i,n;,F conte5p/,"o en e/ ,t!cu/o ( n 7 "e/ C1"i#o

Pen,/.

En cu,nto ,/ inci-o 0in,/ ,#e#,"o , e-te ,t!cu/o po /, C85,, "e

Diput,"o-F en e/ -enti"o "e ,#,', /, pen, p,, e/ c,-o "e ?ue -e co5et, e/"e/ito con conoci5iento "e -e pot,"o "e un, en0e5e"," "e t,n-5i-i1n

-e9u,/F c,%e eco",F ?ue co5o >, -e -eK,/1F 0ue "e-e-ti5,"o po e/ *en,"o.

Lo- *e-. *en,"oe- 5,ni0e-t,on ?ue e-to- po%/e5,- no #u,",n un,

e/,ci1n nece-,i, con /, co5i-i1n "e ,#e-ione- -e9u,/e-F -ino ?ue tienen

5,>o 'incu/,ci1n con /o- "e/ito- "e /e-ione- oF en c,-o- e9te5o-F con e/

/!5ite ente e-to- > e/ <o5ici"ioF to", 'e; ?ueF -u e/,ci1n con un "e/ito -e9u,/

e- e'entu,/F >, ?ue -e t,t, "e en0e5e","e- ?ue -on i#u,/5ente t,n-5i-i%/e-

po ot,- '!,-F > t,5%in po un, e/,ci1n -e9u,/ con-enti",F "e%ien"o -e

e9,5in,"o- en e/ 5,co "e /o- ,tent,"o- cont, /, 'i", > /, inte#i","

pe-on,/.

Re-pecto "e/ ,nteio ,t!cu/o 37 %i-F ?ue -,ncion,%, ,/ ?ue con

5oti'o u oc,-i1n "e 'io/,ci1n o -o"o5!, c,u-,eF ,"e58- /, 5uete "e

o0en"i"oF > cu>, "eo#,ci1n 0ue popue-t, po e/ Men-,&e Pe-i"enci,/ >

,po%,", po /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-F e/ *en,"o opt1 po e0ectu,/e

5o"i0ic,cione- > no "eo#,/o.

Lo ,nteio en 'itu" "e ?ue e-ti5,on /o- *e-. *en,"oe- ?ue /,-

,;one- en ?ue -e 0un",%, /, "eo#,ci1nF e-to e- ?ueF -u te9to conte5p/,%,

un, 0o5, "e e-pon-,%i/i"," o%&eti',F pe-cin"ien"o "e to", con-i"e,ci1n "e

cu/p,%i/i","F no i5p/ic,%, /, nece-i"," "e %6&-4)-4 %, %6)-,%&+(+%/)' %/- 6-/&+/ %6;%&+-,(%/)% 54-*% ;-4- %, '(+&++' ','6' ' /%5,+5%/)%? 6'4%

)'' &-/' ,- 6',- -4'5-&+/ % %6)% -4)&,' -4- - ,- ';+/+/ ;@,+&-



/- 6%>-, % %6;%/-,+9-&+/ /'(+/-, % / &4+(%/ 54-*6+('? % +(;'4)-4-

/- %8%&)+*- -)%/-&+/ % ,- ;%/- -;,+&-,%.B

Contin=, -eK,/,n"o ?ue ..%, %,%*-' (-45%/ % ;%/-,+- % ,-6

-54%6+'/%6 6%-,%6 -&% ;4&)+&-(%/)% %6;4%&+-,% %, -(%/)' % ,- 6-/&+/ %/ *+4) % ,- -&(,-&+/ % ,- ;%/- %, '(+&++' 6+(;,% ','6'?

%, )'' +44%,%*-/)% ,- -&(,-&+/ - ,- %, '(+&++' &,;'6'? % (-/%4-

<% 4%6,)- 36)+8+&-- ,- -54-*-&+/ %6;%&+-, % %6)-6 &'/&)-6 %6% /

;/)' % *+6)- % ;',)+&- &4+(+/-,B.

De e-te 5o"o e/ *en,"o ,co"1 ee5p/,;, e/ ,t!cu/o 37 %i- p,,

e9i#i , /o 5eno- cu/p, e-pecto "e/ e-u/t,"o "e 5uete. A"e58- e/i5in1 /,

e9pe-i1n con 5oti'oF e5p/e,"o po e/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/oF e/ ?ue c,ece!, "e

-enti"o en /o ?ue e-pect, , /, co5i-i1n "e ,tent,"o- -e9u,/e-. *i %ienF e-t,

5i-5, e9pe-i1n e- uti/i;,", en e/ "e/ito "e o%o con <o5ici"ioF c,%e tene

pe-ente ?ue /, 5uete "e un, pe-on, con-titu>e un 5e"io i"1neo p,,

,popi,-e "e un, co-, 5ue%/e ?ue e//, tiene en -u e-0e, "e e-#u,"oF ,

"i0eenci, "e /o ?ue -uce"e con e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF en e/ ?ueF 5,t, ,

,/#uien no e- 5e"io i"1neo p,, ,tent, -e9u,/5ente en -u cont,F po?ue no

e- puni%/e e/ u/t,&e -e9u,/ "e un c,"8'e .(

E- "e/ c,-o eco", ?ue /, C85,, "e Diput,"o- popu-o un nue'o

,t!cu/o 37 %i- con e/ 0in "e e-t,%/ece 5e"i",- c,ute/,e- "e potecci1n "e/

o0en"i"oF 0,cu/t,n"o ,/ &ue; p,, "ecet,F "u,nte /, t,5it,ci1n "e /, c,u-,

5e"i",- t,/e- co5o /, -u-pen-i1n "e /, co<,%it,ci1n o "e /, 'i", co5=nF o /,

,-i-tenci, "e/ pe-unto ,#e-o , po#,5,- e"uc,ti'o- o te,putico-F o /, po<i%ici1n "e ,cce-o "e/ pe-unto ,#e-o ,/ "o5ici/io o /u#, "e t,%,&o "e/

o0en"i"o o ,/ e-t,%/eci5iento e"uc,cion,/ "e /o- 5enoe-F pu"ien"o ,p/ic,F e/

&ue;F e-t,- 5e"i",- cu,n"o e-ti5,eF 0un",",5enteF ?ue /, pi',ci1n "e Bo/et!n N ($73F Tece In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici,( Bo/et!n N ($73F Tece In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici,

(



/i%et," "e/ ,#e-o e-u/t, 58- penicio-, p,, -u e<,%i/it,ci1n o /o-

intee-e- "e /, p,te o0en"i",.

E-t, "i-po-ici1n 0ue ec<,;,", po e/ *en,"oF po e-ti5, ?ue /,-

5e"i",- c,ute/,e- e,n i5poce"ente-F en pi5e t5ino en e/,ci1n , -u pop1-ito te,putico o e"uc,ti'oF >, ?ue e/ /o#o "e -u o%&eti'o -1/o -e po"8

,/c,n;, ,/ e9i-ti un, 'o/unt,i, "i-po-ici1n po p,te "e/ ,#e-o "e ,-i-ti ,

"ic<o- po#,5,-F > po oto /,"o e-pecto "e -u 0un",5ento &u!"icoF to",

'e; ?ueF e'i-ten e/ c,8cte "e pen,F /, ?ue no po"8 ,p/ic,-e ,/ 5eo

incu/p,"o o poce-,"oF co5o /o popone /, no5, ,po%,", po /, C85,, "e

Diput,"o-.

En cu,nto , /,- "o- =/ti5,- 5e"i",- popue-t,-F ,/ *en,"o /e -u#i1 /,

in?uietu" "e ?ue -u con-,#,ci1n e-pecto "e e-to- "e/ito- pue", intepet,-e

co5o un, /i5it,ci1n , /,- 0,cu/t,"e- oto#,",- ,/ Jue; en 'itu" "e/ ,t!cu/o 7

"e/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/F en ,;1n "e/ cu,/ -e encuent,n

o%/i#,"o-F "ento "e /,- pi5e,- "i/i#enci,- "e/ -u5,ioF , %in",/e

potecci1n , /o- pe&u"ic,"o-.

En 5ito "e /, ,/u"i", "i-po-ici1nF -e pue"en ,"opt, cu,/?uie 5e"i",

?ue e-ti5e con"ucenteF > no -1/o /,- "o- =/ti5,- con-,#,",- en /,

"i-po-ici1n popue-t,. A -u 'e;F /, e#u/,ci1n "e /, /i%et," po'i-ion,/F en

e-peci,/ e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@3 "e/ 5i-5o C1"i#o pe5ite "ene#,/, cu,n"o -t,

-e, pe/i#o-, p,, /, -e#ui"," "e/ o0en"i"o.

E-t,- ,ti%ucione-F o0ecen #,,nt!,- -u0iciente- p,, /,- '!cti5,- en

opini1n "e/ *en,"oF po /o ?ue pe0ii1 no ", , enten"e ?ue pue"ene-tin#i-e en e/ c,-o "e /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e-F po ?ue "e 5,ntene-e /,

"i-po-ici1n popue-t,F e/ /e#i-/,"o e-t,!, -eK,/,n"o "ete5in,",5ente "o-

5e"i",- c,ute/,e- "e /, -e#ui"," "e/ o0en"i"o. Bo/et!n N ($73F Tece In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici,



No o%-t,nte /o ,nteioF e/ *en,"o ,co"1 incopo,F un nue'o ,t!cu/o

N ,/ Po>ectoF ?ue pe5itie, con"icion, /o- %ene0icio- "e /, Le>

N($.(@F -o%e 5e"i",- ,/ten,ti',- , /,- pen,- pi',ti',- o e-ticti',- "e

/i%et,"F , ?ue e/ con"en,"o no in#e-e ni ,cce", , /,- in5e"i,cione- "e/<o#,F e/ e-t,%/eci5iento e"uc,cion,/ o e/ /u#, "e t,%,&o "e/ o0en"i"o.3

Re-pecto "e/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/F e/ *en,"o tu'o pe-ente

/,- "i0icu/t,"e- e9i-tente- p,, /, co5po%,ci1n "e/ <ec<o puni%/e > /,

,'ei#u,ci1n "e/ "e/incuente. Dic<o cuepo /e#,/ contiene "i'e-,-

"i-po-icione- p,, /, co5po%,ci1n "e /o- "e/ito- e-peci,/e-F t,/e- co5oF e/

<o5ici"ioF ,%oto > /e-ione- copo,/e-F peoF n,", "iceF en /o p,ticu/,F

e-pecto "e /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e-.

Du,nte e/ e-tu"io "e e-t,- nue',- "i-po-icione-F -e <i;o pe-ente ?ueF

en /, ,ctu,/i","F e/ 5"ico e9,5in,"oF ?ue tiene e/ pi5e cont,cto con /,

'!cti5, "e e-to- "e/ito-F -ie5pe %u-c, /e-ione-F /o ?ue no coe-pon"eF pue-to

?ue cu,n"o inte'ienen p,iente- co5o <ec<oe-F no <,> 'io/enci, >F po /o

t,ntoF no <,> /e-ione-. En 'itu" "e e-t, con-i"e,ci1nF -e e-ti51 e/e',nte

e-t,%/ece e#/,- e-peci,/e- p,, /, in'e-ti#,ci1n "e e-to- "e/ito-F

in"epen"iente- , /,- ?ue -e con-i#n,n en e/ C1"i#o p,, /,- /e-ione-.

En e/ po>ecto ,po%,"o po /, C85,, "e Diput,"o- -e popon!,

"i'e-,- 5o"i0ic,cione- , /, Le> "e M,ti5onio Ci'i/F e-pec!0ic,5ente , -u-

,t!cu/o- (F @F $ > 33F /,- ?ue ten!,n po o%&eto e-t,%/ece un, nue', c,u-,/

"e "i'ocio pepetuo en e/ c,-o "e/ c1n>u#e con"en,"o po ,/#=n "e/ito -e9u,/

co5eti"o en /, pe-on, "e/ oto c1n>u#e o "e un <i&oF -u-pen"e /, pe-cipci1n "e /, ,cci1n "e "i'ocio con /, -o/, pe-ent,ci1n "e /, ?uee//,F >

3 Bo/et!n N ($73F Tece In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici,. Bo/et!n N ($73F Tece In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici,.

3



con-,#, /, 0,/t, "e con-enti5iento p,, cont,e 5,ti5onioF -i <, <,%i"o

,pto >F ,/ tie5po "e -u ce/e%,ci1nF no <, eco%,"o /, '!cti5, -u /i%et,".

E/ *en,"o opt1 po ec<,;, to",- e-t,- 5o"i0ic,cione- po e-ti5,

"e-,con-e&,%/e <,ce c,5%io- puntu,/e- en /, Le> "e M,ti5onio Ci'i/ "ento"e e-t, inici,ti', /e#,/F to", 'e; ?ueF po -u n,tu,/e;,F un, e'i-i1n "e "ic<o

cuepo /e#,/ "e%e!, <,ce-e en 0o5, o#8nic,F t,/ co5o /o poponen "i'e-,-

inici,ti',- /e#,/e- ?ue -e encont,%,n pen"iente-.+

D.- L+ Co/","4n M"+.

L,- en5ien",- into"uci",- po e/ *en,"o ,/ po>ecto "e Le> 0ueon

,n,/i;,",- > "i-cuti",- po /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-F en -e-i1n "e/ (@ "e Junio

"e (::$F en "ic<, -e-i1n e-t, C85,,F ec<,;1 "i'e-,- en5ien",-F po /o ?ue

con 0ec<, "e Ju/io "e (::$F -e con-titu>1 un, Co5i-i1n Mi9t,F "e

con0o5i"," , /o "i-pue-to en e/ ,t!cu/o @$ "e /, Con-tituci1n Po/!tic, "e /,

Rep=%/ic,F , 0in "e popone /, 0o5, "e e-o/'e /,- "i'e#enci,- -u-cit,",-

ente ,5%,- C85,,- "e/ Con#e-o N,cion,/.@

En /o ?ue ,t,Ke ,/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n /,- popo-icione- "e /, Co5i-i1n

Mi9t, con-i-t!,n 0un",5ent,/5ente en

(. A"icion, ,/ "e/ito co5o con"uct,- ?ue /o con0i#u,nF ,"e58- "e/ ,cce-o

c,n,/ po '!, ',#in,/F /, penet,ci1n ,n,/ > %uc,/F > co5o -u&eto p,-i'o ,/

',1nF ,"e58- "e /, 5u&e.

. Pe0eccion, /, ,#,',nte e-peci,/ ?ue ,0ect, , ?uiene- co5enten un "e/ito-e9u,/ ,%u-,n"o "e /, ,utoi","F /, con0i,n;, ?ue -e "epo-it, en e//o- o /,

e/,ci1n "e "epen"enci, en ?ue -e encuent, /, '!cti5,.

+ Bo/et!n N ($73F Tece In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici,@ Bo/et!n N ($73F In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n Mi9t,.



3. ,cu/t, ,/ &ue; p,, ,peci, /, pue%, con0o5e , /,- e#/,- "e /, -,n,

c!tic,.

. M,ntene /, "e-cipci1n e-peci,/ p,, e/ concu-o "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n >

<o5ici"ioF -,ncion,"o con pe-i"io pepetuo , 5ueteF con peci-ione-"e-tin,",- , ,c/,, ?ue /, 5uete "e /, '!cti5, no e- un e-u/t,"o o%&eti'oF

?ue -e -,ncione con in"epen"enci, "e /, 'o/unt," "e/ <ec<o.

L, Co5i-i1n <i;o pe-enteF e-pecto "e e-te ,t!cu/o e/ <ec<o ?ue "e%!,

e0ei-e -1/o , /, 'io/,ci1n co5eti", po '!, ',#in,/ -i /, '!cti5, 0uee 5u&e

o po '!, ,n,/ -i 0ue, <o5%eF "e 5o"o "e no inno', e-pecto "e /,-

con"uct,- "e-cit,- > pen,",- en /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1nF ,&u-t8n"o-eF "e e-te

5o"oF ,/ 5,n",to conteni"o en e/ P,cto "e *,n Jo- "e Co-t, Ric,F "e no

e9ten"e /, pen, "e 5uete , "e/ito- , /o- cu,/e- no -e /e- ,p/ic,%, , /, 0ec<,

"e ent,", en 'i#enci, "e/ Con'enio.

En /,- -e-ione- "e (+ "e Dicie5%e "e (::$ > "e Dicie5%e "e/

5i-5o ,KoF 0ue ,po%,"o po /, C85,, "e Diput,"o- > e/ *en,"oF

e-pecti',5enteF e/ In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n Mi9t,. E-t, ,po%,ci1n po p,te

"e/ Con#e-o N,cion,/ 0ue co5unic,", ,/ Pe-i"ente "e /, Rep=%/ic, "e /,

poc,F "on E"u,"o ei Rui;T,#/eF 5e"i,nte o0icio n F "e 0ec<, 3 "e

Dicie5%e "e/ 5i-5o ,KoF e5iti"o po /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-.

E.- E) Veo P%e,"'enc"+).

Con 0ec<, + "e Eneo "e (:::F 5e"i,nte o0icio n (+33:F e/Pe-i"ente "e /, Rep=%/ic,F <,cien"o u-o "e /, 0,cu/t," ?ue /e oto#, e/

,t!cu/o n 7 "e /, Con-tituci1n Po/!tic, "e /, Rep=%/ic,F 0o5u/1 un 'eto

,"iti'o ,/ po>ecto "e /e> -o5eti"o , -u po5u/#,ci1n.

+



E/ 'eto pe-i"enci,/ -e e0e!, ,/ ,t!cu/o n "e/ Po>ecto "e Le>

,po%,"o po e/ Con#e-o N,cion,/F ?ue e#u/,%, /,- 5e"i",- ,/ten,ti',- "e

cu5p/i5iento "e /,- pen,- pi',ti',- "e /i%et,"F > -e 0un",%, en /, e-peci,/

peocup,ci1n ?ue e'i-te "ento "e /o- "e/ito- "e 'io/enci, -e9u,/F /o-co5eti"o- en cont, "e un 5eno "e e",".

E/ po>ecto ,po%,"oF conte5p/,%, un, /i5it,ci1n en e/ -enti"o "e ?ue

/, pe-on, %ene0ici,", con ,/#un, "e /,- 5e"i",- "e /, Le> n ($.(@ no -e

,cec,, , /, '!cti5,.

A<o, %ienF 5e"i,nte e/ 'eto -e popu-o /, incopo,ci1n "e /,-

-i#uiente- e-ticcione-

(. E/i5in, /, po-i%i/i"," "e ?ue /o- con"en,"o- po /o- "e/ito- "e 'io/,ci1n

"e 5enoe- "e "oce ,Ko- > "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n con <o5ici"ioF cu,n"o -e

t,te "e un, '!cti5, 5eno "e "oce ,Ko-F ,cce",n , /, 5e"i", "e /i%et,"

'i#i/,",F e5i-i1n con"icion,/ "e /, pen, > ec/u-i1n noctun,F "ec/,,n"o

e9pe-,5ente ?ue "ic<o- %ene0icio- no poce"en en e-to- c,-o-.

De e-te 5o"o -e peten"!, ,-e#u, ?ue /o- ,utoe- "e "ic<o- "e/ito-

pe5,ne;c,n e0ecti',5ente pi',"o- "e /i%et," po e/ peio"o "e tie5po ,

?ue <,n -i"o con"en,"o- en /, e-pecti', -entenci,.

. E/e', /, e9i#enci, "e tie5po ?ue "e%en cu5p/i "e /, 5it," "e /,

con"en, , "o- tecio-) , /o- con"en,"o- po 'io/,ci1n "e 5enoe- "e "oce

,Ko- p,, po-tu/, ,/ %ene0icio "e /, /i%et," con"icion,/.

A/ popone e-t,- nue',- 5e"i",- -e tu'o en con-i"e,ci1n 5=/tip/e-

0,ctoe-F co5o /, e9te5, #,'e"," "e e-te tipo "e "e/ito- > /, e'i"ente0unci1n "e contenci1n ?ue cu5p/e , -u e-pecto /, i5po-ici1n "e /, -,nci1n.7

Junto con /o ,nteioF /,- o%-e',cione- "e/ Pe-i"ente "e /, Rep=%/ic,

7 6eto A"iti'o ,/ Po>ecto "e Le>F o0icio n (+33: "e/ + "e eneo "e (:::

@



"e-t,c,on /, nece-i"," "e co5p/e5ent, e-t, po/!tic, ci5in,/ p=%/ic,

5e"i,nte 5o"i0ic,cione- en e/ -i-te5, "e %ene0icio- int,penitenci,io- ?ue

con-,#, e/ e#/,5ento c,ce/,ioF , 0in "e e9c/ui en 0o5, ,%-o/ut, /,

po-i%i/i"," "e ,cce"e , /o- %ene0icio- "e -,/i", "i,i,F -,/i", "o5inic,/ > "e0in "e -e5,n, , /o- con"en,"o- po /o- "e/ito- "e 'io/,ci1n en /,- ?ue /,-

'!cti5,- -e,n 5enoe- "e "oce ,Ko- "e e",".

E/ E&ecuti'o %u-c,%, 5e"i,nte e-t,- 5o"i0ic,cione- ", un, c/,, -eK,/

"e/ epoc<e -oci,/ ?ue -to- "e/ito- po"ucen en nue-t, -ocie"," > ,/ 5i-5o

tie5po ,-e#u, ?ue /o- ,utoe- "e e-to- "e/ito- e&ecuten -u- pen,-

e0ecti',5ente pi',"o- "e /i%et,".$

E/ 6eto A"iti'o "e/ Pe-i"ente "e /, Rep=%/ic,F 0ue -o5eti"o , /,

,po%,ci1n t,nto "e /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-F co5o t,5%in "e/ *en,"o.

L, -eKo, Mini-t, "e Ju-tici, <,cin"o-e pe-ente ,nte /, C85,, "e

Diput,"o-F 5,ni0e-t1F en e/,ci1nF , ,/#un,- citic,- -o%e e'entu,/e- 'icio-

"e incon-titucion,/i"," "e/ 'etoF ?ue $ ,- /'4(- ;4';%6)- /' ;%% 6%4

%/)%/+- &'(' /- +6&4+(+/-&+/ -4+)4-4+- 4%6;%&)' % ,-6 ;%46'/-6 <%

--/ +/&44+' %/ %6)% )+;' % %,+)'6? ;%6 ,'6 &-4-&)%4%6 ;4';+'6 % 6

;%46'/-,+- %, %,+)' -&%/ <% /'6 %/&'/)4%('6 84%/)% - / 54;' %

;%46'/-6 ;%48%&)-(%/)% +8%4%/&+-,%6 % -<%,,-6 <% +/&44%/ %/ ')4' )+;'

% %&'6 %,+&)+*'6

N' 6% )4-)- % /- 4%6)4+&&+/ <% %(-/% 6,' % ,- 54-*%- % %6)'6

%&'6? 6+/' (6 +%/ % ,'6 %,%(%/)'6 <% &-4-&)%4+9-/ - <+%/ +/&44% %/

%,,'6 ,-6 ;-4)+&,-4+-%6 % ,-6 *&)+(-6B : E/ *eKo I#n,cio ,/e e9pe-1 no tene in?uietu"e- en cu,nto , /,

incon-titucion,/i"," "e/ 'etoF > en e/,ci1n ,/ 0on"o -eK,/1 ?ue e- ",%/e

$ 6eto A"iti'o ,/ Po>ecto "e Le>F o0icio n (+33: "e/ + "e eneo "e (:::: In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici, -o%e /,- o%-e',cione- "e/ Pe-i"ente "e /,Rep=%/ic, ,/ po>ecto "e /e>.

7



pe#unt,-e po ?u en e-te c,-o no -e pue"e conce"e ,/#uno "e /o-

%ene0icio- ,/ten,ti'o- , /,- pen,- pi',ti',- "e /i%et,"F en cicun-t,nci,-

?ueF en c,-o- "e <o5ici"io- #,'!-i5o- > con #,n ,/,5, p=%/ic,F -i -e

conce"e8n.De-t,c1 ?ue , -u p,ece e/ 'eto pe-i"enci,/ tiene inuti/i"," p8ctic,.

Po cu,nto /, Le> N ($.(@ en e/ c,-o "e /, /i%et," 'i#i/,", > "e /, e5i-i1n

con"icion,/ "e /, pen,F e9i#e ?ue /, -entenci, no i5pon#, un, pen, -upeio ,

te- ,Ko- > e/ 5!ni5o "e /o- "e/ito- "e/ po>ecto "e /e> e- "e cincoF po /o ?ue

en 5u> poco- c,-o- -e ,p/ic,8 /, e-ticci1n3.

Po -u p,teF /, Diput,", L,u, *oto 5,ni0e-t1F e0eente ,/ te5, "e /,

e<,%i/it,ci1n ?ueF $... /' 6% ,%6 ;%% &%44-4 ,-6 ;%4)-6 - ,'6 -)'4%6 %

%6)'6 %,+)'6. E6 /- 4%54%6+/ +/-%&--...

S+ 6% &+%44- ,- ;%4)- ;-4- -&&%%4 - %6)-6 ;%/-6 -,)%4/-)+*-6? - ,'

(%3'4 6% %6)-4- -4+%/' ')4-6 - ,'6 6+&;-)-6? <% ;%%/ &'/6+%4-4 <%

(%3'4 %6 (-)-4.B3(

A -u 'e;F e/ *eKo Ju,n Bu-to- -eK,/, ?ue en e/ c,-o "e /, 'io/,ci1n "e

un 5eno "e e","F no e- /, /i%et," -e9u,/ /, ?ue -e pote#eF -ino /,

in"e5ni"," -e9u,/ "e -teF /o ?ue i5pot, un c,5%io -u%-t,nci,/ en cu,nto ,/

%ien &u!"ico pote#i"oF po /o t,nto -e pote#e un %ien &u!"ico "i-tinto >

-ien"o /, 0in,/i"," "e /, potecci1n "i0eente e- po-i%/e e-t,%/ece "i0eenci,-

,cion,/e- > o%&eti',-.

Re-pecto "e /, incon-titucion,/i"," -eK,/1 ?ue no /e 5eec!, ep,o-F no

o%-t,nte <i;o /, -i#uiente o%-e',ci1n $ C-/' 6% &+%44-/ %(-6+-' ,-6

3 In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici, -o%e /,- o%-e',cione- "e/ Pe-i"ente "e /,Rep=%/ic, ,/ po>ecto "e /e>.3( In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici, -o%e /,- o%-e',cione- "e/ Pe-i"ente "e /,Rep=%/ic, ,/ po>ecto "e /e>.

3(

$



;%4)-6? &-/' %, 6+6)%(- 6% -&% +/8,%+,%? 6)% )+%/% - -4+46% % -,5/-

(-/%4- ' - %6)4+46%.B3

*in pe&uicio "e /,- o%-e',cione- e0ectu,",- po "i'e-o-

p,/,5ent,io- e-pecto "e /o- e0ecto- "e/ 'eto ,"iti'o en /, e<,%i/it,ci1n "e/o- con"en,"o- po "e/ito- -e9u,/e-F -te 0ue ,po%,"o po ,5%,- C85,,-F

-ien"o po-teio5ente po5u/#,"o e/ Po>ecto "e Le> po e/ Pe-i"ente "e /,

Rep=%/ic,.

E-t, nue', /e> "e "e/ito- -e9u,/e- 0ue pu%/ic,", %,&o e/ n (:.@(7 en e/

Di,io O0ici,/ "e 0ec<, ( "e Ju/io "e (:::F con-t,n"o "e cu,to ,t!cu/o-

pe5,nente- ?ue 5o"i0ic,n /o- C1"i#o- Pen,/F "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/F /, Le>

n ($.(@ -o%e 5e"i",- ,/ten,ti',- , /,- pen,- pi',ti',- > e/ D.L n 3(

-o%e /i%et," con"icion,/.

3 In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici, -o%e /,- o%-e',cione- "e/ Pe-i"ente "e /,Rep=%/ic, ,/ po>ecto "e /e>.

:



CAPÍTULO TERCERO

PRINCIPALES INNOVACIONES DE LA NUEVA LEY DE DELITOS

SEUALES

+



En e-te c,p!tu/o -e e0ectu,8 un, e'i-i1n #ene,/ , /, Le> N (:.@(7F

?ue MODIFICA EL CÓDIGO PENAL? EL CÓDIGO DE PROCEDIMIENTO

PENAL Y OTROS CUERPOS LEGALES EN MATERIAS RELATIVAS AL

DELITO VIOLACIÓNB? "e-t,c,n"o /,- inno',cione- 58- i5pot,nte-into"uci",- po e//,.

A.- En c$+no +) De)"o 'e V"o)+c"4n

*e 5o"i0ic1 e/ tipo pen,/ "e e-te "e/ito e-t,%/ecien"o un, nue', 0i#u,

"e /, ?ue pue"en -e '!cti5,- t,nto <o5%e- co5o 5u&ee-F -u%-u5ien"o en

un 5i-5o tipo pen,/ /o- ,nti#uo- "e/ito- "e 'io/,ci1n > -o"o5!,.

Anteio5ente -e con-i"e,%, 'io/,ci1n -1/o /, penet,ci1n ',#in,/ po

p,te "e un <o5%e <,ci, un, 5u&eF con /, ,ctu,/ /e#i-/,ci1n con-titu>en

'io/,ci1n t,5%inF /, penet,ci1n ,n,/ > %uc,/F pu"ien"o -e e/ -u&eto p,-i'oF

t,nto <o5%e co5o 5u&e.

A-! e/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o 3@( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ e-t,%/ec!, ?ue

$S% &'(%)% *+',-&+/ -&+%/' &'/ ,- (3%4 %/ -,5/' % ,'6 &-6'6

6+5+%/)%6:

1.7 C-/' 6% 6- % 8%49- ' +/)+(+-&+/.

2.7 C-/' ,- (3%4 6% -,,- ;4+*-- % 4-9/ ' % 6%/)+' ;'4 &-,<+%4

&-6-.

=.7 C-/' 6%- (%/'4 % '&% ->'6 &(;,+'6? -/ &-/' /' &'/&44-

/+/5/- % ,-6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6 %;4%6--6 %/ ,'6 '6 /@(%4'6 -/)%4+'4%6. E/ %, &-6' %, /@(%4' =° %, +/&+6' -/)%4+'4? ,- ;%/- 6%4 % ;4%6++'

(-'4 %/ 6 54-' (%+' - (+('B.

E-t, no5, 0ue -u-titu!", po /, -i#uiente

+(



$L- *+',-&+/ 6%4 &-6)+5-- &'/ ,- ;%/- % ;4%6++' (%/'4 %/ 6

54-' (+(' - ;4%6++' (-'4 %/ 6 54-' (%+'.

C'(%)% *+',-&+/ %, <% -&&%% &-4/-,(%/)%? ;'4 *- *-5+/-,? -/-, ' &-,? -

/- ;%46'/- (-'4 % '&% ->'6? %/ -,5/' % ,'6 &-6'6 6+5+%/)%6:1 C-/' 6% 6- % 8%49- ' +/)+(+-&+/.

2 C-/' ,- *&)+(- 6% -,,- ;4+*-- % 6%/)+'? ' &-/' 6% -;4'*%&- 6

+/&-;-&+- ;-4- ';'/%4 4%6+6)%/&+-.

= C-/' 6% -6- % ,- %/-3%/-&+/ ' )4-6)'4/' (%/)-, % ,- *&)+(-.B

L, nue', /e> con-i"e, co5o 'io/,ci1n e/ ,cce-o c,n,/ /, penet,ci1n)

',#in,/F ,n,/ o %uc,/ "e cu,/?uie pe-on,. En /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1n /,

penet,ci1n ,n,/ o %uc,/ "e un, 5u&e e-t,%,n pen,/i;,", -1/o co5o ,%u-o-

"e-<one-to-. Con e-to -e ,u5ent, /, pen, "e @( "!,- , + ,Ko- "e pe-i"io

,%u-o- "e-<one-to-)F ,/ ,n#o #ene,/ ?ue ', ente 3 ,Ko- > un "!, , (+ ,Ko-

en e/ c,-o "e 5,>oe- "e "oce ,Ko-). En e/ c,-o "e ?ue -e t,te "e 5enoe-

"e ( ,Ko- -e ,p/ic, un, pen, ?ue ', ente /o- + ,Ko- > un "!, , ,Ko-.

Co5o con-ecuenci, "e /o ,nteio -e e/i5in1 un, no5, ?ue -,ncion,%,

/o- ,cto- inici,/e- "e /, penet,ci1n co5o -i -t, -e <u%ie, con-u5,"oF pue-

e//, -1/o ten!, -enti"o -i -e "e0in!, e/ "e/ito u-,n"o /, p,/,%, >,ce co5o -e

<,c!, ,nte-. M,ntene/, con /, nue', "e0inici1n i5p/ic,!, ,ti%ui/e un

-enti"o "i-tintoF ?ue po"uce e0ecto- ne#,ti'o-F pue- incenti', /, e&ecuci1n

co5p/et, "e /o- "e/ito- > pi', "e /, po-i%i/i"," "e "e-i-ti5iento , ?uien /o

e&ecut, en 0o5, 0u-t,", o tent,",.

L, no5, , /, ?ue 5e e0ieo > ?ue 0ue e/i5in,", e- e/ ,t!cu/o 3@ "e/C1"i#o Pen,/ ?ue -eK,/,%, L'6 %,+)'6 % <% )4-)- %6)% ;44-8' 6%

&'/6+%4-/ &'/6(-'6 %6% <% - ;4+/&+;+' % %3%&&+/B

C,%e "e-t,c, ?ue e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o 3@ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ -eK,/, $ E,

<% -&&%+%4% &-4/-,(%/)%? ;'4 *- *-5+/-,? -/-, ' &-, - /- ;%46'/-

+



(%/'4 % '&% ->'6? 6%4 &-6)+5-' &'/ ;4%6++' (-'4 %/ &-,<+%4- % 66

54-'6? -/<% /' &'/&44- &+4&/6)-/&+- -,5/- % ,-6 %/(%4--6 %/ %,

-4)&,' -/)%4+'4.B

E- "eciF -e e0iee , /, 0i#u, conte5p/,", en e/ ,nti#uo nu5e,/ 3 "e/,t!cu/o n 3@(F to", 'e; ?ue e/ tipo "e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o n 3@(F -e e0iee ,/

,cce-o c,n,/ , un, pe-on, 5,>o "e "oce ,Ko-.

!.- En c$+no +) De)"o 'e R+po

Con /, nue', /e> -e e/i5in1 e/ "e/ito "e ,pto ,/ "eo#, /o- ,t!cu/o-

3+$F 3+: > 3@ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ ?ue -eK,/,%,n

E/ ,t!cu/o 3+$ -e e0e!, ,/ ,pto popio > -eK,/,%, $E, 4-;)' % /-

(3%4 % %/- 8-(- %3%&)-' &'/)4- 6 *',/)- &'/ (+4-6 %6'/%6)-6?

6%4 ;%/-' &'/ ;4%6++' (%/'4 %/ 6 54-' (+(' - (-'4 %/ 6 54-'

(/+('. C-/' /' 5'9-4% % %/- 8-(-? ,- ;%/- 6%4 ;4%6++' (%/'4 %/

&-,<+%4- % 66 54-'6.

E/ )'' &-6' 6% +(;'/4 ,- ;%/- % ;4%6++' (-'4 %/ &-,<+%4- %

66 54-'6 6+ ,- 4-;)-- 8%4- (%/'4 % '&% ->'6.

E/ ,t!cu/o 3+: -e e0e!, ,/ ,pto i5popio o "e -e"ucci1n > -eK,/,%,

$E, 4-;)' % /- '/&%,,- (%/'4 % 1 (-'4 % '&% ->'6? %3%&)-' &'/

6 -/%/&+-? 6%4 &-6)+5-' &'/ ;4%6++' (%/'4 %/ &-,<+%4- % 66

54-'6.B

E/ ,t!cu/o 3@ con-,#,%, un c,-o "e ,pto ,#,',"o > -eK,/,%, $L'6 ;4'&%6-'6 ;'4 %,+)' % 4-;)' <% /' +%4%/ 4-9/ %, ;-4-%4' % ,-

;%46'/- 4'--? ' %;,+&-&+'/%6 6-)+68-&)'4+-6 6'4% 6 (%4)% '

%6-;-4+&+/? +/&44+4/ %/ ,- ;%/- % ;4%6++' (-'4 %/ &-,<+%4- % 66

54-'6.B

+3



Con /, "eo#,ci1n "e e-to- ,t!cu/o- -e e-t8 pe5itien"o ?ue e-t,

con"uct, -e, -,ncion,", co5o -ecue-to. Con e//o -e pe5ite ?ue e/ <ec<o -e,

-,ncion,"o con un, pen,/i"," -upeioF -e <,ce ,p/ic,%/e e/ "e/ito , <o5%e- >

5u&ee- ,nti#u,5ente -1/o /, 5u&e po"!, -e '!cti5, "e/ ,pto) > -e e/i5in,n/,- "i-tincione- e/,ti',- , /, e9peienci, -e9u,/ > %uen, 0,5, "e /, '!cti5,.

C.- En c$+no +) De)"o 'e E,$p%o

E/ ,t!cu/o 3@3 ?ue "i-pon!, $E, %6);4' % /- '/&%,,-? (-'4 % '&%

->'6 (%/'4 % +%&+'&'? +/)%4*+/+%/' %/5->'? 6%4 &-6)+5-' &'/ ;4%6++'

(%/'4 %/ &-,<+%4- % 66 54-'6.B? -e ee5p/,;, po e/ -i#uiente $S%4

&-6)+5-' &'/ 4%&,6+/ (%/'4 %/ 66 54-'6 (%+' - (+('? %, <%

-&&%+%4% &-4/-,(%/)%? ;'4 *- *-5+/-,? -/-, ' &-,? - /- ;%46'/- (%/'4 %

%- ;%4' (-'4 % '&% ->'6? &'/&44+%/' &-,<+%4- % ,-6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6

6+5+%/)%6:

1 C-/' 6% -6- % /- -/'(-,- ' ;%4)4-&+/ (%/)-,? -@/

)4-/6+)'4+-? % ,- *&)+(-? <% ;'4 6 (%/'4 %/)+- /' 6%- &'/6)+))+*- %

%/-3%/-&+/ ' )4-6)'4/'.

2 C-/' 6% -6- % /- 4%,-&+/ % %;%/%/&+- % ,- *&)+(-? &'('

%/ ,'6 &-6'6 %/ <% %, -54%6'4 %6) %/&-45-' % 6 &6)'+-? %&-&+/ '

&+-'? ' )+%/% &'/ %,,- /- 4%,-&+/ ,-'4-,.

= C-/' 6% -6- %, 54-*% %6-(;-4' %/ <% 6% %/&%/)4- ,- *&)+(-.

C-/' 6% %/5->- - ,- *&)+(- -6-/' % 6 +/%;%4+%/&+- '+5/'4-/&+- 6%-,.B

6e5o- ,-! co5o -e ,"ecu, e/ "e/ito "e e-tupoF , 0in "e pe5iti -u e0ecti',

'i#enci,F "e0inin"o/o co5o /, e,/i;,ci1n "e/ ,cto -e9u,/ ,po'ec<8n"o-e "e

/, ine9peienci, -e9u,/ "e /, '!cti5, o "e un, -itu,ci1n "e pe',/enci, o

+



,utoi"," 0ente , -t,F pu"ien"o /,- '!cti5,- -e pe-on,- "e uno u oto -e9oF

5enoe- "e ($ ,Ko-.

De /, ,nteio -e pue"e conc/ui ?ue e9i-ten "o- tipo-

,) E-tupo po pe',/i5iento*e po"uce cu,n"o -e ,%u-, -e9u,/5ente "e oto en ,;1n "e un, ,no5,/!,F

po et,"o 5ent,/ "e /, '!cti5,F "e un, e/,ci1n "e "epen"enci, cu-to"i,F

po0e-o &e0e)F o "e/ #,'e "e-,5p,o en ?ue -e encuent,F "e ,cue"o , /o

"i-pue-to en e/ ,ctu,/ ,t!cu/o 3@3 NQ (F > 3F >, t,n-cito-.

E- i5pot,nte "e-t,c, ?ue ,nte- /,- cicun-t,nci,- "e/ pe',/i5iento -e

encont,%,n en /, 5,>o!, "e /o- c,-o- i5pune-F pue-to ?ue no e-t,%,n

tipi0ic,"o- co5o t,/e-.

%) E-tupo po en#,Ko

*e po"uce cu,n"o -e en#,K, , /, '!cti5, ,%u-,n"o "e -u i#no,nci, o

ine9peienci, -e9u,/F conte5p/,"o en e/ nu5e,/ "e/ ,ctu,/ ,t!cu/o 3@3.

D.- En c$+no +) De)"o 'e So'o/&+

*e 5o"i0ic1 e/ "e/ito "e -o"o5!,F -,ncion,n"o =nic,5ente /,-

e/,cione- <o5o-e9u,/e- con un 5eno "e e",".

Anti#u,5ente e/ ,t!cu/o 3@+ "i-pon!, ?ue $E, ;4'&%6-' ;'4 %, %,+)'% 6''(- 684+4 ,- ;%/- % ;4%6++' (%/'4 %/ 6 54-' (%+'.

S% +(;'/4 ,- ;%/- % ;4%6++' (%/'4 %/ 6 54-' (+(' - ;4%6++'

(-'4 %/ 6 54-' (%+' -, <% &'(%)+%4% %, %,+)' &'/&44+%/' -,5/-6 %

,-6 6+5+%/)%6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6:

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1 C-/' 6% 6% % 8%49- ' +/)+(+-&+/ 6'4% ,- *&)+(-?

2 C-/' 6% -,,% ,- *&)+(- ;4+*-- % 4-9/ ' % 6%/)+' ;'4

&-,<+%4 &-6-.

S% +(;'/4 ,- ;%/- % ;4%6++' (-'4 %/ 6 54-' (%+' - (+(' 6+%, '8%/+' 8%4% (%/'4 % &-)'4&% ->'6 &(;,+'6? -@/ &-/' /' &'/&44-

/+/5/- % ,-6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6 %;4%6--6 %/ ,'6 '6 /@(%4'6 %, +/&+6'

-/)%4+'4B

Actu,/5ente e-te ,t!cu/o -eK,/, $E, <% -&&%+%4% &-4/-,(%/)% - /

(%/'4 % +%&+'&' ->'6 % 6 (+6(' 6%'? 6+/ <% (%+%/ ,-6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6

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54-'6 (/+(' - (%+'.B

Con e-t, no5, -e "e-pen,/i;,n /,- e/,cione- <o5o-e9u,/e- ente

5,>oe- "e e","F ?ue con-ient,n en e//o > /,- p,cti?uen en un /u#, pi',"oF

-,/'o ?ue e-t, con"uct, -e, con-tituti', "e 'io/,ci1nF e-tupo o ,%u-o -e9u,/.

A "i0eenci, "e /, ,nteio no5,ti',F e-t, nue', "i-po-ici1n "e0ine /,

con"uct, po<i%i",F e- "eci /o ?ue "e%e enten"e-e po -o"o5!,F

e-t,%/ecien"o ?ue con-i-te en ,cce"e c,n,/5ente , un 5eno "e "iecioc<o

,Ko- "e/ 5i-5o -e9o.

A/ e-pecto c,%e pe#unt,-eF V ?ue p,-,!, -i e- e/ 5eno "e e"," e/

?ue ,cce"e c,n,/5ente , un, pe-on, 5,>o "e e"," "e -u 5i-5o -e9oW En

,;1n "e /, te5ino/o#!, e5p/e,", po e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o n 3@+F no ?ue", 58-

?ue conc/ui ?ue "ic<, con"uct, ?ue",!, i5puneF to", 'e; ?ue /, no5,

e-t,%/ece c/,,5ente un, pen,/i"," p,, e/ ?ue ,cce"ie, c,n,/5enteF peon,", "ice e-pecto "e /, pe-on, , ?uien -e ,cce"e.

E.- Ree/p)+o 'e) concepo 'e A*$,o, De,:one,o, po% e) 'e A*$,o,

Se$+)e,.

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*e ee5p/,;1 e/ ,t!cu/o 3@@ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ ?ue -eK,/,%,: $E, <%

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=!1? 6% %6)+(-4 &'(' -54-*-/)% %, %,+)'? -@/ &-/' 6%- (-'4 % *%+/)%

->'6 ,- ;%46'/- % <+%/ 6% -6-.B F po /,- -i#uiente- "i-po-icione-

At!cu/o 3@@ $E, <% -6+*-(%/)% 4%-,+9-4% /- -&&+/ 6%-, +6)+/)- %,

-&&%6' &-4/-, &'/ /- ;%46'/- (-'4 % '&% ->'6? 6%4 &-6)+5-':

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&'/6+6)+%4% %/ ,- &'/&44%/&+- % -,5/- % ,-6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6 %/(%4--6 %/

%, -4)&,' =!1.

2 C'/ 4%&,6+/ (%/'4 %/ 66 54-'6 (/+(' - (%+'. C-/' %, -6'

&'/6+6)+%4% %/ ,- &'/&44%/&+- % -,5/-6 % ,-6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6 %/(%4--6

%/ %, -4)&,' =!=? 6+%(;4% <% ,- *&)+(- 8%4% (%/'4 % %- .

At!cu/o 3@@ Bi- $ E, <% 4%-,+9-4% /- -&&+/ 6%-, +6)+/)- %, -&&%6'

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&+4&/6)-/&+-6 %/(%4--6 %/ ,'6 -4)&,'6 =!1 ' =!=? 6%4 &-6)+5-' &'/ ,-

;%/- % 4%&,6+/ (%/'4 %/ &-,<+%4- % 66 54-'6.

S+ &'/&44% -,5/- % %6-6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6? ,- ;%/- 6%4 % 4%&,6+/

(%/'4 %/ 66 54-'6 (%+' - (+('.B

At!cu/o 3@@ Te $P-4- ,'6 %8%&)'6 % ,'6 '6 -4)&,'6 -/)%4+'4%6? 6%

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;%4' (-'4%6 % '&% ->'6? &'/&44+%/' &-,<+%4- % ,-6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6

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A-! -e 5o"i0ic1 e/ "e/ito "e ,%u-o- "e-<one-to-F en conco",nci, con

/,- "e58- 5o"i0ic,cione- popue-t,-F peci-8n"o-e /,- con"uct,- t!pic,-. En

/, ,nti#u, /e#i-/,ci1n e-t,- con"uct,- no -e encont,%,n "e0ini",- > ten!,n un

c,8cte 5e,5ente e-i"u,/F po /o ?ue e,n "e "i0!ci/ intepet,ci1n >

pue%,.

*e e-t,%/ecen ,"e58- tetipo- pen,/e- "i0eente-

,) Acci1n -e9u,/ con cont,cto copo,/ ?ue no i5p/i?ue penet,ci1nF

e&ecut,", po 5e"io "e /, 0ue;, o ,po'ec<8n"o-e "e /, in"e0en-i1n "e /,

'!cti5,.

%) Acci1n con cont,cto copo,/ ?ue no i5p/i?ue penet,ci1nF e&ecut,", con

en#,Ko o pe',/i5iento.

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c) Acci1n -e9u,/ e,/i;,", ,nte un 5eno "e "oce ,Ko-F ?ue no i5p/ic,

cont,cto copo,/ ni /, uti/i;,ci1n "e un in-tu5entoF peo ?ue tiene

-i#ni0ic,ci1n -e9u,/. E&e5p/o <,ce ?ue e/ 5eno 'e, un, pe/!cu/,

pono#80ic, o e-cuc<e un, con'e-,ci1n te/e01nic, o%-cen,F etc.

En /o- "o- pi5eo- c,-o- /,- con"uct,- -e ,#,',n t,t8n"o-e "e un 5eno

"e "oce ,Ko- pe'in"o-e un, -,nci1n inc/u-i'e -i -e e,/i;, /, ,cci1n -in /,-

cicun-t,nci,- ?ue /, t,n-0o5,n en "e/ito. -in 0ue;,F pe',/i5ientoF en#,Ko

o ,po'ec<,5iento)

2.- E/p)eo 'e $n /eno% "/p;*e% en )+ p%o'$cc"4n 'e /+e%"+)

po%no(%83"co

Con /, nue', /e> -e -,ncion, ,/ ?ue e5p/e, , un 5eno "e e"," en /,

e,/i;,ci1n "e 5,tei,/ pono#80ico. *i e-e 5,tei,/ e- "i0un"i"o -e ,p/ic,8n

,/ ,uto "o- -,ncione- "i'e-,-F un, po /, uti/i;,ci1n > ot, po /,

"i-ti%uci1n. B,&o e/ i5peio "e /, ,nteio /e> /, -o/, uti/i;,ci1n "e/ 5eno

no e, -,ncion,",.

L, /e> <, ce,"o un tipo pen,/ p,, -,ncion, e-t, con"uct, > /,

pen,/i;, con @( "!,- , + ,Ko- "e pe-i"io. E/ ,t!cu/o 3@@ ?u,te inci-o F

"i-pone ?ue C'/ ,- (+6(- ;%/- 6%4 &-6)+5-' %, <% %(;,%-4% / (%/'4

% '&% ->'6 %/ ,- ;4'&&+/ % (-)%4+-, ;'4/'548+&'.B

G.- Se e,+*)ece )+ po,"*")"'+' 'e V"o)+c"4n Con<$(+)

+:



L, nue', /e> con-i"e, ?ue un, pe-on, ,un?ue e-t c,-,", con-e', -u

/i%et," -e9u,/ > e- /i%e "e ,cept, o ec<,;, /, po-i%i/i"," "e tene

e/,cione- -e9u,/e- con -u c1n>u#e.

A-! e/ ,t!cu/o 3@: inci-o 3 "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ "i-pone $E/ &-6' % <%/ &/5% ' &'/*+*+%/)% &'(%)+%4% -,5/' % ,'6 %,+)'6 ;4%*+6)'6 %/ ,'6

-4)&,'6 =!1 =!! N 1 %/ &'/)4- % -<%, &'/ <+%/ -&% *+- %/ &'(@/? 6%

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.- Se +/p)&+ )+ (+/+ 'e pe%,on+, =$e p$e'en 'en$nc"+% e,e "po 'e

'e)"o,

Anti#u,5ente /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e- -1/o po"!,n -e "enunci,"o- po /o-

p,"e- ,%ue/o- o #u,","oe-F t,5poco po"!,n e0ectu, /, "enunci, /o-

5enoe- "e e","F "i-ponien"o e/ ,nteio ,t!cu/o 3@: "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ ?ue

$N' ;%% ;4'&%%46% ;'4 &-6- % %6);4' 6+/' - +/6)-/&+- % ,- -54-*+--

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%,+)'? ;'4 %, (+/+6)%4+' ;@,+&' %/)-,-4 ,- -&6-&+/.BL, nue', /e> e-t,%/ece ?ue -i /, '!cti5, po -u e"," o e-t,"o 5ent,/ no

pu"ie, <,ce po -! 5i-5, /, "enunci, > no tu'ie, p,"e-F ,%ue/o- o

#u,","oe- o ?ue -i tenin"o/o- e-to- e-tu'ie,n in'o/uc,"o- en e/ "e/itoF /,

"enunci, po"8 -e e0ectu,", po e"uc,"oe-F 5"ico- u ot,- pe-on,- ?ue

to5en conoci5iento "e/ <ec<o en ,;1n "e -u ,cti'i",".

Con /, nue', e",cci1n /o- "o- pi5eo- inci-o- "e/ ,t!cu/o 3@:

?ue",on co5o -i#ue $N' ;%% ;4'&%%46% ;'4 &-6- % ,'6 %,+)'6

;4%*+6)'6 %/ ,'6 -4)&,'6 =!1 ' =!! <-)%4? 6+/ <% - ,' (%/'6 6% --

%//&+-' %, %&' - ,- 36)+&+-? -, (+/+6)%4+' ;@,+&' ' - ,- ;',+&- ;'4 ,-

;%46'/- '8%/+-? ;'4 66 ;-4%6? -%,'6 ' 5-4-'4%6? ' ;'4 <+%/ ,-

)*+%4% -3' 6 &+-'.

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="0.B

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< =$e en con,ec$enc"+ en'%8n $n+ ,+nc"4n /8, (%+e.

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L, 5,>o!, "e /o- ,%u-o- -e9u,/e- -e co5eten po pe-on,- 'incu/,",-

,/ #upo 0,5i/i, "e /, '!cti5, > en un pocent,&e con-i"e,%/e tienen un,

e/,ci1n "e cui","o , -u e-pecto. Po e//o -e e-t,%/eci1 ?ue /,- pe-on,- ?ueten#,n e/ cui","o "e <ec<o "e /, '!cti5,F &unto con ot,- ?ue "etenten un,

c,/i"," -e5e&,nte po0e-oe-F #u,","oe-F etc.) eci%i8n un, -,nci1n 58-

#,'e.

E/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o 3@$ -eK,/,%, ,/ e-pecto $S+ %, 4-;)'? ,- *+',-&+/?

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(. L, -itu,ci1n "e +cce,o c+%n+) po% &+ +n+) $ o%+) ,nte- -e

con-i"e,%, co5o ,%u-o- "e-<one-to- > -e#=n /, nue', /e> -e -,ncion, co5o

'io/,ci1nF con pen,- 58- e/e',",-F t,nto -i /, '!cti5, 0uee ,"u/to o 5eno "e

e"," > -i 0uee <o5%e o 5u&e.De ,cue"o /o "i-pone e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o n 3@( en -u inci-o pi5eoF e/

?ue -eK,/, ?ue L- *+',-&+/ 6%4 &-6)+5-- &'/ ,- ;%/- % ;4%6++' (%/'4

%/ 6 54-' (+(' - ;4%6++' (-'4 %/ 6 54-' (%+'BX e/ ,cce-o c,n,/

po '!, ,n,/ u o,/ -e -,ncion, con un, pen, ?ue ', "e-"e /o- 3 ,Ko- > un "!, ,

(+ ,Ko- "e pe-i"ioF en e/ c,-o ?ue /, '!cti5, -e, 5,>o "e "oce ,Ko-.

En c,-o "e ?ue /, '!cti5, -e, un, pe-on, 5eno "e "oce ,Ko-F /, pen,

', "e-"e + ,Ko- > un, "!, <,-t, ,Ko-F con0o5e /o -eK,/, e/ ,ctu,/ ,t!cu/o

n 3@.

. L, -itu,ci1n "e %e)+c"4n ,e$+)0 p%o'$c"'+ po% +*$,o 'e $n+

,"$+c"4n 'e con3"+n+ o +$o%"'+'F ,nteio5ente no con-titu!, un,

,#,',nte e-pec!0ic, p,, /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e-F >, ?ue e/ ,t!cu/o n 37(F ?ue

-i#ue 'i#ente) -o/,5ente -e e0iee ,/ #,"o "e p,ticip,ci1nF en cu,nto -eK,/,

?ue L'6 -6&%/+%/)%6? 5-4-'4%6? (-%6)4'6 &-,<+%4- ;%46'/- <% &'/

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% ,'6 %,+)'6 &'(;4%/+'6 %/ ,'6 '6 ;44-8'6 ;4%&%%/)%6? 6%4/ ;%/-'6

&'(' -)'4%6B. Po /o ?ueF -i /,- pe-on,- ?ue -e encont,%,n conte5p/,",-

en e-t, "i-po-ici1nF e0ecti',5ente p,ticip,%,n co5o ,utoe-F no 'e!,n

,u5ent,", -u pen,.A<o, %ien e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o n 3@$ -eK,/, ?ue S+ ,'6 %,+)'6

;4%*+6)'6 %/ ,'6 '6 ;44-8'6 -/)%4+'4%6 +%4%/ 6+' &'(%)+'6 ;'4

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(+)- +/8%4+'4? 6+ ,- ;%/- %6 / 54-' % /- +*+6+,%B .

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pen, 5!ni5, ,-i#n,"o ,/ "e/itoF po e&e5p/o e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n "e un

5eno "e "oce ,Ko- tiene ,-i#n,"o un, pen, ?ue ', "e-"e /o- + ,Ko- > un "!,

<,-t, ,Ko-F en e/ e'ento ?ue e/ ,uto -e, "e ,?ue//,- pe-on,- enunci,",-

en e/ e0ei"o ,t!cu/oF /, pen, ,p/ic,%/e -e8 e/ "e pe-i"io 5,>o en -u #,"o

5e"io , 589i5oF e-to e- ( ,Ko- > un "!, , ,Ko- "e ec/u-i1n.

3. L, -itu,ci1n "e +co, 'e ,"(n"3"c+nc"+ ,e$+) '","no, 'e) +cce,o

c+%n+) < =$e no "/p)"c+n ,"=$"e%+ con+co co%po%+). Ante- "e /,

5o"i0ic,ci1nF e-t,- con"uct,- no e,n con-tituti',- po -! 5i-5,- "e "e/itoF /,

nue', /e> ce, un tipo pen,/ p,, -,ncion, "ic<,- con"uct,- con un, pen,

?ue ', "e-"e /o- @( "!,- , + ,Ko- "e ec/u-i1n.

?.- Se +$/en+n )+, pen+, en )o, ,"($"ene, c+,o,>

(. En e/ c,-o "e /, penet,ci1n po '!, ,n,/ o %uc,/ "e un <o5%ee-pecto "e un, 5u&e Anteio5enteF e-t,- con"uct,-F -e -,ncion,%,n con

un, pen, "e @( "!,- , + ,Ko- "e pe-i"ioF co5o ,%u-o- "e-<one-to-. Con /,

nue', /e> /, pen, -e ,u5ent1 "e 3 ,Ko- > un "!, , (+ ,Ko- "e pe-i"ioF pue-to

?ue -e -,ncion, co5o 'io/,ci1n.

@



. En e/ c,-o "e ?ue /, &c"/+ 3$e%+ $n /eno% 'e 'oce +@o,> %,&o /,

,nti#u, /e> <,%!, ?ue "i-tin#ui -i -e t,t,%, "e penet,ci1n ',#in,/F c,-o en

?ue -e pen,%, con ( , ,Ko- "e pe-i"io o "e penet,ci1n ,n,/ o %uc,/ en?ue /, pen, e, "e @( "!,- , + ,Ko-F pue-to ?ue -e -,ncion,%, co5o ,%u-o-

"e-<one-to-. Con /, nue', /e> en to"o- /o- c,-o- /, pen, ', "e-"e + ,Ko- > un

"!, , /o- ,Ko- "e pe-i"io.

3. T,t8n"o-e "e /, %e)+c"4n ,e$+) con $n /eno% 'e 1 +@o,

eec$+'+ en 3o%/+ en(+@o,+ po% +*$,+% 'e )+ "nepe%"enc"+ ,e$+) 'e)

/",/o> /, nue', /e> ,u5ent1 e/ 5!ni5o "e /, pen, , +( "!,- "e pe-i"ioF >,

?ue %,&o /, ,nti#u, /e#i-/,ci1n /, pen, 5!ni5, e, "e @( "!,- "e pe-i"io.

L.- O%+, Mo'"3"c+c"one, en /+e%"+ p%oce,+)

(. E/ &ue; pue"e ,peci, /, pue%, "e ,cue"o con /, -,n, c!tic,F ,-! e-

co5o -e intec,/1F en e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F un nue'o ,t!cu/o 3@: Bi- ?ue "i-pone?ue $E/ ,'6 ;4'&%6'6 ;'4 ,'6 %,+)'6 - <% 6% 4%8+%4%/ ,'6 '6 ;44-8'6

-/)%4+'4%6? %, 3%9 -;4%&+-4 ,- ;4%- &'/8'4(% &'/ ,-6 4%5,-6 % ,- 6-/-

&4)+&-.B

L, -,n, c!tic, -e encuent, "e0ini", /e#,/5ente en e/ C1"i#o "e/

T,%,&o en e/ ,t!cu/o NQ +@F ?ue -eK,/,: $A, -;4%&+-4 ,-6 ;4%-6 6%5@/ ,-

6-/- &4)+&-? %, T4+/-, %%4 %;4%6-4 ,-6 4-9'/%6 34+&-6 ,-6 6+(;,%(%/)% ,5+&-6? &+%/)8+&-6? )&/+&-6 ' % %;%4+%/&+- %/ &- *+4) ,%6

%6+5/% *-,'4 ' ,-6 %6%6)+(%. E/ 5%/%4-,? )'(-4 %/ %6;%&+-, &'/6+%4-&+/

,- (,)+;,+&+-? 54-*%-? ;4%&+6+/? &'/&'4-/&+- &'/%+/ % ,-6 ;4%-6

@+



' -/)%&%%/)%6 %, ;4'&%6' <% )+,+&%? % (-/%4- <% %, %-(%/ &'/9&-

,5+&-(%/)% - ,- &'/&,6+/ <% &'/*%/&% -, 6%/)%/&+-'4.B

L, -,n, c!tic, pe5ite ,/ &ue; un, 5,>o 0/e9i%i/i"," e-pecto "e /o-

poce"i5iento- ?ue -e e-t,%/ecen p,, ',/o, un, pue%,. A-!F e-te pue"e//e#, , /, con'icci1n "e ?ue -e co5eti1 un "ete5in,"o "e/itoF -in ?ue -e,

nece-,io ?ue e-tn pe-ente- to",- /,- con"icione- ?ue e-t,%/ece e/ C1"i#o

p,, ", ',/o "e p/en, pue%, , /o- "i0eente- in-tu5ento- po%,toio-. P,,

e//o "e%e cu5p/i con /o- -i#uiente- citeio-F "e%e //e#, , un e-u/t,"o

,cion,/F 0un","o en /,- e#/,- "e /, /1#ic, > /,- "e -u e9peienci, en c,",

c,-o. En -!nte-i-F con /, nue', /e> -e /e ente#, ,/ &ue; 5,>o 0/e9i%i/i"," p,,

',/o, /,- pue%,- -in //e#, , /, ,%it,ie",".

Lo ,nteio -i#ni0ic, -in "u", un ,',nce pue-to ?ue ,nti#u,5ente e/

&ue; "e%!, cu5p/i con to"o- /o- e?ui-ito- ?ue -eK,/,%, /, /e> p,, /,

',/o,ci1n "e /,- pue%,-. Po e&e5p/o p,, ", ',/i"e; , un, pue%, "e

te-ti#o-F "e%!, <,%e , /o 5eno- "o- "ec/,,cione-F ,%-o/ut,5ente

coinci"ente- en /o <ec<o- > cicun-t,nci,-F no "e-'itu,",- po ot,-

"ec/,,cione- -i5i/,e- ni po ot,- pue%,-F etc. Actu,/5ente -i#uien"o /,-

e#/,- "e /, -,n, c!tic, pue"e ",-e ',/o , /, "ec/,,ci1n "e un -1/o te-ti#o -i

,punt, en e/ 5i-5o -enti"o ?ue ot,- pue%,-.

. En cu,nto , /o- te-ti#o-F /, ,nti#u, /e> "ete5in,%, ?ue cieto-

p,iente- p,"eF 5,"eF <e5,no-F etc.) no e,n te-ti#o- <8%i/e- p,, "ec/,,

no -e "e%en to5, en cuent, -u- "ec/,,cione- en e/ &uicio)F con /, nue', /e>-e /e- 0,cu/t, p,, "ec/,, '8/i",5ente.

E/ ,t!cu/o @ "e/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/ en /o petinente

"i-pone

$N' 6'/ )%6)+5'6 +,%6:

@@



1 ,'6 (%/'4%6 % 1! ->'6....

" L'6 -(+5'6 /)+('6 %, 4%' ' % 6 -&6-'4 ;-4)+&,-4? ,'6 6'&+'6?

%;%/+%/)%6 ' 6+4*+%/)%6 % /' ')4' ,'6 &(;,+&%6 ,'6 %/&4+'4%6 %,

%,+)'...10 L'6 <% )*+%4%/ &'/ -,5/- % ,-6 ;-4)%6 ;-4%/)%6&' %

&'/6-/5+/+- %/ ,/%- 4%&)- ' %/)4' %, &-4)' 54-' % ,- &',-)%4-, '

;-4%/)%6&' % -8+/+- %/ ,/%- 4%&)- ' %/)4' %, 6%5/' 54-' % ,-

&',-)%4-,B.

Con /, nue', /e> -e intec,/1 en e/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/ un

nue'o ,t!cu/o @3 Bi- ?ue -eK,/, $T4-)/'6% % ,'6 %,+)'6 &'/)%(;,-'6

%/ ,'6 -4)&,'6 =!1 - =!" K+6 %, C+5' P%/-, %/ %, -4)&,' =" %,

C+5' P%/-,? /' 4%5+4/ ,-6 /'4(-6 6'4% +/-+,+- % ,'6 )%6)+5'6?

&'/)%(;,--6 %/ %, -4)&,' !0? <% 6% 8/%/ %/ 4-9'/%6 % %-?

;-4%/)%6&'? &'/*+*%/&+- ' %;%/%/&+-.B

3. E/ &ue; pue"e "ecet, 5e"i",- "e potecci1n , 0,'o "e /, '!cti5,F

oient,",- pincip,/5ente , /, -u-pen-i1n "e /, co<,%it,ci1n ente e/ ,#e-o >

/, '!cti5,F en /o- c,-o- en ?ue /, ,#e-i1n -e <, co5eti"o en e/ 85%ito

int,0,5i/i,.

Po e-te 5oti'o e/ ,t!cu/o 37 TeF "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ -eK,/, $E/ ,'6

%,+)'6 %6)-,%&+'6 %/ ,'6 '6 ;44-8'6 -/)%4+'4%6? %, 3%9 ;'4 %/ &-,<+%4

('(%/)'? - ;%)+&+/ % ;-4)%? ' % '8+&+' ;'4 4-9'/%6 8/--6? +6;'/%4 ,-6

(%+-6 % ;4')%&&+/ %, '8%/+' 6 8-(+,+- <% %6)+(% &'/*%/+%/)%6? )-,%6&'(' ,- 63%&+/ %, +(;,+&-' - ,- *+5+,-/&+- % /- ;%46'/- ' +/6)+)&+/

%)%4(+/--? ,-6 <% +/8'4(-4/ ;%4++&-(%/)% -, T4+/-, ,- ;4'++&+/

% *+6+)-4 %, '(+&+,+'? %, ,5-4 % )4--3' ' %, %6)-,%&+(+%/)' %&-&+'/-,

@7



%, '8%/+' ,- ;4'++&+/ % -;4'+(-46% -, '8%/+' ' - 6 8-(+,+-? %/ 6

&-6' ,- ',+5-&+/ % --/'/-4 %, '5-4 <% &'(;-4)% &'/ -<%,.B

. E/ &ue; "e%e ,"opt, /,- 5e"i",- nece-,i,- p,, ?ue /,- "i/i#enci,-"e/ &uicio -e,n //e',",- , c,%o con ,%-o/ut, pi',ci",". L, nue', /e> <,

intec,/,"o un inci-o nue'o ,/ ,t!cu/o 7$ "e/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/

?ue "i-pone ?ue $E/ ,-6 &-6-6 4%,-)+*-6 - ,'6 %,+)'6 ;4%*+6)'6 %/ ,'6

-4)&,'6 =!1 - =!= =!! - =!" +6 ? %/ ,' <% 8%4% -;,+&-,%? )-(+/ %/

,'6 %,+)'6 ;4%*+6)'6 %/ ,'6 -4)&,'6 =! =" %, C+5' P%/-,? ,- +%/)+-

% ,- *&)+(- 6% (-/)%/4 %/ %6)4+&)- 4%6%4*- 4%6;%&)' % )%4&%4'6 -3%/'6 -,

;4'&%6'? - (%/'6 <% %,,- &'/6+%/)- %;4%6-(%/)% %/ 6 +*,5-&+/. E, 3%9

%%4 %&4%)-4,' -6? ,- 4%6%4*- 66+6)+4 +/&,6' /- *%9 <% 6% %/&%/)4-

-8+/-- ,- &-6-. L- +/84-&&+/ - ,' -/)%4+'4 6%4 6-/&+'/-- &'/8'4(% - ,'

+6;%6)' %/ %, +/&+6' &-4)' %, -4)&,' 1. E, )4+/-, %%4 -';)-4 ,-6

%(6 (%+-6 <% 6%-/ /%&%6-4+-6 ;-4- 5-4-/)+9-4 ,- 4%6%4*- -6%54-4

<% )'-6 ,-6 -&)-&+'/%6 %, ;4'&%6' - <% %- &'(;-4%&%4 ,- *&)+(- 6%

,,%*%/ - &-' ;4+*--(%/)%.B

De e-te 5o"oF /o- ,ntece"ente- e/,ti'o- , /, i"enti"," "e /,- '!cti5,-

-e8n e-e',"o- p,, teceo- ,&eno- ,/ poce"i5ientoF po<i%in"o-e -u

pu%/ici"," , 5eno- ?ue /, '!cti5, con-ient, en e//o.

+. Po ot, p,teF /, /e> i5pone un, nue', o%/i#,ci1n , /o- enc,#,"o-

"e /o- e-t,%/eci5iento- "e -,/u" p=%/ico- o pi',"o-F en cu,nto e-to- "e%e8n

p,ctic, , /,- '!cti5,- "e/ "e/ito /o- econoci5iento- > e985ene- nece-,io- p,, con-t,t, /,- <ue//,- "e /, e/,ci1n -e9u,/F -u- cicun-t,nci,- > /,-

/e-ione- c,u-,",- -i /,- <u%ieeF e-to 5e"i,nte /, into"ucci1n ,/ C1"i#o "e

Poce"i5iento Pen,/ "e/ ,t!cu/o n (+ Bi-F e/ ?ue e-t,%/ece ?ue

$T4-)/'6% % ,'6 %,+)'6 ;4%*+6)'6 %/ ,'6 -4)&,'6 =!1 - =!" +6 %/ %,

@$



-4)&,' =" %, C+5' P%/-,? ,'6 '6;+)-,%6? &,/+&-6 %6)-,%&+(+%/)'6 %

6-, 6%(%3-/)%6? 6%-/ ;@,+&'6 ' ;4+*-'6? %%4/ ;4-&)+&-4 ,'6

4%&'/'&+(+%/)'6? %(%/%6 (+&'6 ;4%-6 +',5+&-6 &'/&%/)%6 -

-&4%+)-4 %, &%4;' %, %,+)' +%/)+8+&-4 - ,'6 ;-4)&+;%6 %/ 6 &'(+6+/?%+%/' &'/6%4*-4 ,-6 ;4%-6 (%6)4-6 &'44%6;'/+%/)%6.

S% ,%*-/)-4 -&)-? %/ ;,+&-'? %, 4%&'/'&+(+%/)' % ,'6 %(%/%6

4%-,+9-'6? ,- <% 6%4 66&4+)- ;'4 %, 3%8% %, %6)-,%&+(+%/)' ' % ,-

4%6;%&)+*- 6%&&+/ ;'4 ,'6 ;4'8%6+'/-,%6 <% ,-6 +%4%/ ;4-&)+&-'6. U/-

&';+- 6% %/)4%5-4 - ,- *&)+(- ' <+%/ ,- )*+%4% - 6 &+-'? ,- ')4-? -6

&'(' ,-6 (%6)4-6 ')%/+-6 ,'6 4%6,)-'6 % ,'6 -/,+6+6 %(%/%6

;4-&)+&-'6? 6% (-/)%/4/ %/ &6)'+- -3' %6)4+&)- 4%6%4*- %/ ,- +4%&&+/

%, '6;+)-,? &,/+&- ' %6)-,%&+(+%/)' % 6-,? ;'4 / ;%4'' /' +/8%4+'4 -

/ ->'? ;-4- 6%4 4%(+)+'6 -, )4+/-, &'44%6;'/+%/)%.

L-6 &';+-6 %, -&)- - <% 6% 4%8+%4% %, -4)&,' ;4%&%%/)% )%/4/ %,

(4+)' ;4'-)'4+' 6%>-,-' %/ ,'6 -4)&,'6 "2 "=? 6%5@/ &'44%6;'/-B

De ,cue"o con /o "i-pue-to en /o- ,t!cu/o- n 7 > 73 "e/ C1"i#o "e

Poce"i5iento Pen,/F /,- e0ei",- ,ct,- -e8n e-ti5,",- co5o un, pe-unci1n

0un",", e inc/u-o po"8n con-titui p/en, pue%, e-pecto "e /, e9i-tenci, "e/

<ec<o.

@. Anti#u,5ente -1/o e/ *e'icio M"ico Le#,/ po"!, e,/i;, /o-

t85ite- p,, ,ce"it, peici,/5ente /, ocuenci, "e un, 'io/,ci1nF /o ?ue

o%/i#,%, , /, '!cti5, , concui en ',i,- opotuni","e- , -e'icio-<o-pit,/,io- p,, -e o%&eto "e e985ene-F ,"e58- "e <,ce i5po-i%/e /,

o%tenci1n "e to"o- /o- ,ntece"ente- po%,toio- ?ue -e pue"en ec,%, en e/

5o5ento in5e"i,t,5ente po-teio , /, ocuenci, "e/ "e/ito. E- po e-o ?ue

@:



<o> /, /e> 0,cu/t, , to"o- /o- <o-pit,/e- p,, <,ce/oF con i#u,/ ',/o "e pue%,

p,, e/ &ue;.

7. E- i5pot,nte "e-t,c, ?ue e/ *e'icio M"ico Le#,/ con e/ e9,5en"e ADN pue"e co5po%, /, i"enti"," "e/ cu/p,%/eF , t,'- "e 5ue-t,- "e

pe/oF -,n#e o pie/. Po e-oF e- 5u> i5pot,nte ?ue /, '!cti5, "e un, ,#e-i1n

-e9u,/ concu, , /, %e'e"," , <,ce /, "enunci, e-pecti', -in "uc<,-e p,,

no ,/te, /,- e'i"enci,-. T,5%in e- i5pot,nte "e-t,c, ?ue ,/ concui ,/

*e'icio M"ico Le#,/ /, '!cti5, -e e'it, tene ?ue epeti -u- "ec/,,cione-

pue-to ?ue en "ic<o *e'icio -e encuent, un, o0icin, "e In'e-ti#,cione- p,,

e-to- e0ecto-.

$. *e ,#e#, un nue'o inci-o ,/ ,t!cu/o n 3+(F ?ue -e e0iee , /,

"i/i#enci, "e/ c,eoF e-t,%/ecien"o -u i5poce"enci, ente incu/p,"o- > /,

'!cti5,F -,/'o ?ue -t, =/ti5, con-ient, en e//o.

E/ nue'o inci-o 0in,/ -eK,/, ?ue T-(;'&' ;4'&%%4 %, &-4%' %/)4%

+/&,;-' ' ;4'&%6-' ,- *&)+(- %/ ,'6 %,+)'6 &'/)%(;,-'6 %/ ,'6

-4)&,'6 =!1 - =!" +6 %, C+5' P%/-, %/ %, -4)&,' =" %, (+6('

&%4;' ,%5-,. S+ %, 3%9 ,' %6)+(- +/+6;%/6-,% ;-4- ,- &'(;4'-&+/ %,

%&' ' ,- +%/)+8+&-&+/ %, %,+/&%/)%? %%4 %(;,%-4 %, ;4'&%+(+%/)'

+/+&-' %/ %, +/&+6' ;4+(%4' %, -4)&,' =? 4%;)/'6% - ,- *&)+(- &'('

)%6)+5' -6%/)%? - (%/'6 <% %,,- &'/6+%/)- %;4%6-(%/)% %/ %, &-4%'.B

*i e/ &ue; /o e-ti5, in"i-pen-,%/eF poce"e8 "e ,cue"o , /,- e#/,--o%e te-ti#o- ,u-ente-F e-to e- ?ue -e /e /ee ,/ incu/p,"o o poce-,"o -u

"ec/,,ci1n > /,- p,ticu/,e- "e/ ,u-ente en ?ue <,> "e-,cue"o > -e

con-i#n,n /,- e9p/ic,cione- ?ue -e popocionen.

7



:. C,%e "e-t,c, ?ue con /, nue', /e> -e incopo,n i5pot,nte-

5o"i0ic,cione- , /, /e> N ($.(@F -o%e 5e"i",- ,/ten,ti',- "e /,- pen,-

pi',ti',- > e-ticti',- "e /i%et,".

E/ nue'o inci-o -e#un"o "e/ ,t!cu/o n ( "e "ic<, /e>F <,cei5poce"ente e/ oto#,5iento "e /o- %ene0icio- ,/ten,ti'o- "e Re5i-i1n

Con"icion,/ "e /, Pen,F Rec/u-i1n Noctun,F > Li%et," 6i#i/,",F en "o-

c,-o- () t,t8n"o-e "e /o- "e/ito- "e 'io/,ci1n "e un 5eno "e "oce ,Ko-F

conte5p/,"o en e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ > ) e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n

con e-u/t,"o "e 5ueteF con-,#,"o en e/ ,t!cu/o n 37 %i-F cu,n"o /,

'!cti5, 0uee 5eno "e "oce ,Ko-.

A -u 'e; e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o n 3 "e /, Le> N ($.(@F pe5ite ,/ &ue;

e9i#i e?ui-ito- ,"icion,/e- , /o- con"en,"o- p,, conce"e/e /o- %ene0icio-

,<! e-t,%/eci"o-F ente /o- cu,/e- "e-t,c, /, po<i%ici1n "e ,cec,-e , /,-

in5e"i,cione- "e/ <o#,F "e/ e-t,%/eci5iento e"uc,cion,/ o "e/ /u#, "e

t,%,&o "e /, '!cti5,. A-i5i-5oF -e 0,ci/it, /, ,ce"it,ci1n "e/ incu5p/i5iento

"e e-t, po<i%ici1nF %,-t,n"o /, "ec/,,ci1n 0un",", "e /, '!cti5, p,, ?ue e/

&ue; e'o?ue e/ %ene0icio en 0o5, in5e"i,t,.

En #ene,/ pue"e "eci-e ?ue e-t, inici,ti', e#u/, "e 5,ne, 58-

co5p/et,F peci-, > ,51nic, to"o- /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e-. P,, e//o ce, nue'o-

"e/ito- > e"e0ine oto- >, e9i-tente-F ,u5ent,n"o en #ene,/ /,- pen,- con

?ue -e8n -,ncion,"o- uno- > oto-.

A"e58- tenien"o en cuent, /,- e-t,"!-tic,- /, nue', /e> <, concent,"o

/, 5,>o #,'e"," "e /,- -,ncione- en c,-o "e '!cti5,- 5enoe- "e e","F,5p/i,n"o /, -,nci1n ,"e58-F -i e/ "e/ito -e co5ete po pe-on,- 'incu/,",- ,

-t, %,-t,n"o ?ue ten#, , -u e-pecto un, e/,ci1n "e cui","o "e <ec<o).

B,&o e/ i5peio "e /, ,nti#u, /e#i-/,ci1n /, 5,>o!, "e e-to- "e/ito- no

e,n "enunci,"o-F to", 'e; ?ue e/ -i-te5, pen,/ e9i-tente conten!, 5uc<o-

7(



e/e5ento- ?ue "e-5oti',%,n /, "enunci, "e /,- '!cti5,-F e/ nue'o cuepo

/e#,/ 0,ci/it, e/ poce"i5iento p,, "enunci, > co5po%, /o- ,tent,"o-

-e9u,/e-F -i5p/i0ic,n"o /,- e#/,- "e pue%, e-t,%/ecien"o /, e-e', "e/

poce-oF e/i5in,n"o /,- "i/i#enci,- innece-,i,- > ot,- t,u58tic,- p,, /,-'!cti5,-F co5o e, e/ c,-o "e/ c,eo ente -t,- > e/ 'icti5,io etc.

En con-ecuenci, -e <,n pe'i-to /,- 5e"i",- 58- ,"ecu,",- ?ue pue"en

,"opt,-e p,, pocu, /, "enunci,F in'e-ti#,ci1nF pue%, > -,nci1n "e /o-

,tent,"o- -e9u,/e-F e-t,%/ecin"o-e un con&unto ,51nico "e "e/ito- > -u-

pen,-F /,- cu,/e- en -u #,n 5,>o!, <,n -i"o e/e',",-.

CAPÍTULO CUARTO

EL NUEVO DELITO DE VIOLACIÓN

En e-te c,p!tu/o ,n,/i;, e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n con0o5e , /,-

5o"i0ic,cione- into"uci",- ,/ C1"i#o Pen,/ po /, Le> N (:.@(7.

A.- E) !"en #$%&'"co P%oe("'o.

7



L, nue', /e> ,5p/!, e/ %ien &u!"ico pote#i"o po e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF

"e /, /i%et," -e9u,/ #enit,/ "e /, 5u&e ?ue e, /o ?ue -e pote#!,F %,&o e/

i5peio "e /, ,nti#u, /e#i-/,ci1nF , /, /i%et," -e9u,/ "e /, pe-on,F ,/incopo,F /, nue', /e>F ,/ <o5%e co5o -u&eto p,-i'o "e e-te "e/ito.

En e-te ,-pecto /, nue', /e#i-/,ci1n <, "e&,"o ,t8- "e0initi',5ente /,

"i-cu-i1n e-pecto "e ?ue -i e/ %ien &u!"ico pote#i"o po -te "e/ito e, e/

o"en "e /,- 0,5i/i,- o /, 5o,/i"," p=%/ic,F co5o /o con-i"e,%, e/ T!tu/o

6II "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ e0o5,"o.

Con e/ nue'o te9to "e /o- ,t!cu/o- n 3@( > 3@F <, ?ue","o peci-,"o

con c/,i"," ?ue e/ nue'o %ien &u!"ico pote#i"o po e/ tipo pen,/ "e/ "e/ito

"e 'io/,ci1n e- pincip,/ > 0un",5ent,/5ente /, /i%et," -e9u,/ "e /, pe-on,

> /, in"e5ni"," -e9u,/ "e /o- 5enoe- "e "oce ,Ko-F e-pecto "e /o- cu,/e- -e

e-ti5, ie/e',nte -u 'o/unt,".33

E/ "eec<o , /, /i%et," o ,uto"ete5in,ci1n -e9u,/F "e%e enten"e-e en

to", -u ,5p/itu"F e-to e-F en -u- "o- 'etiente-F un, po-iti', > ot, ne#,ti',.

E/ ,-pecto po-iti'oF ,tien"e , /, /i%e "i-po-ici1n "e /, pe-on, "e -u- popi,-

potenci,/i","e- -e9u,/e-F t,nto en e/ co5pot,5iento p,ticu/, co5o 0ente ,

/o- "e58- "e-"e e/ punto "e 'i-t, ne#,ti'oF e/ ,cento ec,e en e/ ,-pecto

"e0en-i'oF e-to e-F en e/ "eec<o "e /, pe-on, "e no 'e-e in'o/uc,",F -in -u

con-enti5ientoF po ot, pe-on, en un conte9to -e9u,/.3

Po in"e5ni"," -e9u,/ "e%e5o- enten"e e/ "eec<o "e un 5eno "ee"," "e "e-,o//, -u -e9u,/i"," en 0o5, no5,/ > n,tu,/ -in inte0eenci,

33 To%, *,/,-F Ju,n C,/o-F 6io/enci, *e9u,/. An8/i-i- "e /, Nue', Le>F Pe<un E"itoe- Lt",.3 Jo- Lui- Die; Ripo//e-. L, potecci1n "e /, /i%et," -e9u,/. Bo-c<. C,-, E"it. *.A. B,ce/on, (:$+3+ Jo- Lui- Die; Ripo//e-. L, potecci1n "e /, /i%et," -e9u,/. Bo-c<. C,-, E"it. *.A. B,ce/on, (:$+

73



"e <ec<o- ?ue po -u n,tu,/e;, ,no5,/ o "e-'i,", ten#,n /, c,p,ci"," e,/ o

potenci,/ "e pe'etiF coo5pe o i5pe"i "ic<o "e-,o//o.3+

!.- E) T"po !8,"co

E/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n -e encuent, e#/,5ent,"o en /o- nue'o- ,t!cu/o-

3@(F 3@ > 3@$ , 37 "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/.

E/ tipo %8-ico "e /, 'io/,ci1n -e encuent, con-,#,"o en e/ ,t!cu/o n

3@(F no5, ?ueF ,/ i#u,/ ?ue en /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1nF no contiene un

concepto #ene,/ "e /, 'io/,ci1nF -ino ?ue -e e0iee , /,- "i-tint,- <ip1te-i-

?ue /, con-titu>enF "e-ci%in"o/oF en -u inci-o -e#un"o "e /, -i#uiente 0o5,

$C'(%)% *+',-&+/ %, <% -&&%% &-4/-,(%/)%? ;'4 *- *-5+/-,? -/-, '

&-,? - /- ;%46'/- (-'4 % '&% ->'6? %/ -,5/' % ,'6 &-6'6 6+5+%/)%6:

1.7 C-/' 6% % ,- 8%49- ' +/)+(+-&+/.

2.7 C-/' ,- *&)+(- 6% -,,- ;4+*-- % 6%/)+'? ' &-/' 6%

-;4'*%&- 6 +/&-;-&+- ;-4- ';'/%4 4%6+6)%/&+-.

=.7 C-/' 6% -6- % ,- %/-3%/-&+/ ' )4-6)'4/' (%/)-, % ,-

*&)+(-.B

L, con"uct, po<i%i", en /, 0i#u, %,-e "e /, 'io/,ci1n con-i-te en

,cce"e c,n,/5ente , un, pe-on, 5,>o "e "oce ,Ko-F -e, po '!, ',#in,/F

,n,/ o %uc,/ concuien"o ,/#un, "e /,- cicun-t,nci,- "e-cit,- en /o-

nu5e,/e- (F > 3 "e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@(.

E/ 'e%o ecto "e e-te "e/ito /o con-titu>e e/ ,cce"e c,n,/5ente ,un, pe-on,F po ,/#un, "e /,- '!,- "e-cit,- en /, no5,.

3+

7



C.- T"po O*e"o

Co5o >, -eK,/,5o- en e/ c,p!tu/o pi5eo e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n e- un

tipo pen,/ "e ,cci1nF ?ue po"e5o- "e0ini co5o $%, -&&%6' &-4/-, ;'4 *-*-5+/-,? -/-, ' &-,? - /- ;%46'/- (-'4 % '&% ->'6? &'/)4- ' 6+/ 6

*',/)-B.3@

De e-t, "e0inici1n -e pue"en e9t,e /o- e/e5ento- o%&eti'o- "e e-te tipo

%8-ico "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n con-,#,"o en e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o 3@( "e/ C1"i#o

Pen,/F ?ue -on /o- -i#uiente-

(). Acce-o C,n,/

). ,/t, "e 'o/unt," "e /, '!cti5,.37

() Acce-o C,n,/

E/ ,cce-o c,n,/ pue"e "e0ini-e co5o $,- ;%/%)4-&+/ 6%-,? %,

45-/' 5%/+)-, (-6&,+/' %/ ,- *-5+/-? -/' ' '&- % ,- *&)+(-B.

De e-t, 5,ne, /, nue', /e> eco#e /o ?ue en /, "octin, ,nteio5ente

-e "eno5in,%, co5o e/ concepto "e >,ci5iento en t5ino- ,5p/io- > ?ue ,

&uicio "e/ po0e-o Etc<e%e> co5pen"!, to", ent,", "e 5ie5%o 'ii/ en

oi0icio n,tu,/ "e /, '!cti5, "e 5o"o "e po-i%i/it, /, c1pu/, o un e?ui',/ente

,no5,/ "e /, 5i-5,.

L, nue', te5ino/o#!, e5p/e,", po e/ /e#i-/,"oF 'iene en ;,n&, /,

"i-cu-i1n <i-t1ic, "ei',", "e/ ,nti#uo 'e%o ecto >,ceF ?ue ,',/,%, /,

intepet,ci1n "e ?ue /, 'io/,ci1n -1/o po"!, tipi0ic,-e , t,'- "e /, c1pu/,',#in,/F po /o ?ue /, penet,ci1n -e9u,/ po '!, ,n,/ o %uc,/F t,t8n"o-e "e

un, 5u&eF -1/o e, con-tituti'o "e ,%u-o- "e-<one-to-F con /, con-ecuente

in0eio pen,/i",".3@ Jo- Lui- Die; Ripo//e-. L, potecci1n "e /, /i%et," -e9u,/. Bo-c<. C,-, E"it. *.A. B,ce/on, (:$+37 Jo- Lui- Die; Ripo//e-. L, potecci1n "e /, /i%et," -e9u,/. Bo-c<. C,-, E"it. *.A. B,ce/on, (:$+

7+



A<o, %ienF c,%e pe#unt,-e cu8n"o -e "e%e enten"e ?ue <, e9i-ti"o

,cce-o c,n,/F e- "eciF -i -e e?uiee un, penet,ci1n -e9u,/ tot,/ o %,-t,8

un, penet,ci1n p,ci,/F > po ot, p,teF -i e- nece-,i, /, e>,cu/,ci1n "e/

<ec<o en e/ e-pecti'o 1#,no "e /, '!cti5,.A/ e-pecto e-u/t, poce"ente eco", /,- te- po-icione- "octin,i,-

p/,nte,",- , ,!; "e/ ,n8/i-i- "e/ ,nti#uo concepto "e >,ce 3$F e-to- -on /,

coniuntio 5e5%ou5F /, in5i--io peni- > /, in5i--io -e5ini-. Con0o5e , /,

opini1n "e/ Po0e-o "e Deec<o Pen,/ > Me"icin, Le#,/F "on Ju,n C,/o-

To%,F -t, -e cu5p/e con /, penet,ci1nF ,=n p,ci,/F e-pecto "e /, '!,

',#in,/ o ,n,/F -i#uien"o /, "octin, "e /, in5i--io peni-.3:

Re-pecto "e/ coito o,/ o %uc,/F -eK,/, ?ue "e%e t,t,-e "e un,

penet,ci1n tot,/F e-to e-F ?ue con-titu>, un 'e","eo e5e"io o i5it,ci1n "e

/, c1pu/,F pue- "e /o cont,io -e!, un, 5,-tu%,ci1n con-tituti', "e/ "e/ito

"e ,%u-o- -e9u,/e- eciente5ente tipi0ic,"o en /o- ,t!cu/o- 3@@F 3@@ %i- > te.

C,%e eco",F , e-te e-pectoF ?ue /, C85,, "e Diput,"o- 0ue

p,ti",i, "e -e#ui e/ 5o"e/o ,ctu,/ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ ,nc-F "e 5o"i0ic,

/, ,cci1n t!pic, "e /, 'io/,ci1n po e/ concepto $;%/%)4-&+/ 6%-,BF ?ue

-,ncion, cu,/?uie ,cto "e penet,ci1n -e9u,/F cu,/?uie, -e, -u n,tu,/e;,

co5eti", -o%e /, pe-on, "e oto 5e"i,nte 'io/enci,F co,cci1nF inti5i",ci1n

o -ope-,F popo-ici1n ?ue 0ue po-teio5ente "e-ec<,", po e/ *en,"oF po

e-ti5, ?ue t,/ "e-cipci1n ,0ect,!, e/ pincipio "e /e#,/i",".

A/ e5p/e,-e e/ t5ino ,cce-o c,n,/F e-to e-F /, penet,ci1n -e9u,/F

"e/ 1#,no #enit,/ 5,-cu/ino en /, ',#in,F ,no o %oc, "e /, '!cti5,F no -eencuent, inc/ui"o en e-te tipo pen,/ e/ ,cce-o -e9u,/ 5e"i,nte ,p,,to- o

,ni5,/e-F con"uct,- ?ue encu,",n en /, 0i#u, pen,/ "e ,%u-o -e9u,/.

3$ 'e p8#in, n (+3: To%,F Ju,n C,/o-F 6io/enci, *e9u,/F An8/i-i- "e /, Nue', Le>. Pe<un E"itoe- Lt",. Etc<e%e>F Deec<o Pen,/F P,te E-peci,/. To5o I6F P8#. +7

7@



Re-pecto "e e-t,- 0o5,- "e penet,ci1nF /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF

Le#i-/,ci1nF Ju-tici, > Re#/,5entoF 5,ni0e-t1 ?ue ...6% -&%4&-/ (6 - ,-

(-6)4-&+/ ' 4%(%+' % &'+)'?... ,- +/)4'&&+/ %/ ,-6 &-*+-%6 *-5+/-, '

-/-, % '3%)'6 +6)+/)'6 %, 45-/' 6%-, (-6&,+/' 6'/ &+%4)-(%/)%&'/&)-6 4%;4'&-,%6 ;%/-,(%/)%? ;%4' &'(' &-6'6 % -6' 6%-,

5%/4+&'6? (6 ' (%/'6 54-*%6 6%5@/ ,-6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6B(.

E/ Po0e-o "on Ju,n C,/o- To%, *,/,F <, -eK,/,"o ,/ e-pecto ?ue

$..%+ )+;+8+&-46% %6;%&+-,(%/)% ,- &'/&)- % )'- ;%46'/- <% ;%/%)4-

6%-,(%/)% - ')4- - )4-*6 % -;-4-)'6 ' 6' % -/+(-,%6? -6+5//',% /-

;%/-,+-? - ,' (%/'6 )-/ 6%*%4-? &'(' ,- % ,- *+',-&+/? ;'4 ,- 6+6

-+&+'/-, % 4)-,+- ;%4*%46+/ <% +&- &'/&)- &'/,,%*- ;'4 ;-4)%

%, %&'4.B

Concue"o con /, opini1n ,nteioF en e-peci,/ to5,n"o en

con-i"e,ci1n e/ c,8cte te5en",5ente "e#,",nte > 'e&,toio ?ue e'i-te /,

penet,ci1n -e9u,/ 5e"i,nte ,p,,to- p,, /, '!cti5,F > /,- con-ecuente-

-ecue/,- t,nto 0!-ic,- co5o p-ico/1#ic,-F /,- ?ue e'i"ente5enteF -on "e 5,>o

#,'e","F en e/,ci1n ,/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n en /, 0o5, pe'i-t, en Nue-to

C1"i#o.

C,%e "e-t,c, ?ue "e-"e e/ punto "e 'i-t, ci5ino/1#ico e/ "e/ito "e

'io/,ci1n e#i-t, te- co5ponente- pincip,/e- /, ,#e-i1nF e/ "o5inio > /,

-e9u,/i",". E/ p/,ce o -,ti-0,cci1n no e- e/ o%&eto pi5o"i,/ "e/ ,t,c,nte. L,

,#e-i1n -e9u,/ -e uti/i;, 58- %ien co5o 5e"io p,, e9pe-, 0u-t,ci1nF

"e-e-pe,ci1n > p,, ,0i5, un, in-e#ui"," pe-on,/ > -e9u,/.3

( Bo/et!n N ($7F In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1nF Ju-tici, > Re#/,5ento To%,F Ju,n C,/o-F 6io/enci, *e9u,/F An8/i-i- "e /, Nue', Le>. Pe<un E"itoe- Lt",.

3 2ot<F (:7:) Men <o R,pe. T<e p->co/o#> o0 t<e o00en"e. Ne Yo Penu5 Pe--

77



*eK,/, e/ "i-tin#ui"o e-peci,/i-t, "e/ In-tituto M"ico Le#,/F e/ D.

6!cto 6e/8-?ue;F ?ue -i %ien /, 'io/,ci1n inc/u>e e/e5ento- t!pico- "e ot,-

0o5,- "e ,#e-i1nF co5o po e&e5p/o #o/pe- > ,5en,;,-F e- p,ticu/, po

cu,nto e/ o%&eti'o cent,/ "e/ ,#e-o e- ,0ect, /, -e9u,/i"," "e /, '!cti5,F/o#,n"o /, penet,ci1n 0o;,", "e -u- p,te- e1#en,-. Con0o5e , /o

,nteioF e/ in-tu5ento e5p/e,"o po e/ ,#e-o no e- nece-,i,5ente -u

1#,no -e9u,/F pu"ien"o -e t,5%in un o%&etoF e/ ?ue ee5p/,;,

-i5%1/ic,5ente ,/ 5ie5%o 'ii/. L, e0ei", opini1n e,0i5, /,

i5pot,nci, "e <,%e tipi0ic,"o e-pec!0ic,5ente e-te tipo "e penet,ci1n po

5e"io "e o%&eto- o ,p,,to-.

) ,/t, "e 'o/unt," "e /, '!cti5,.

E/ -e#un"o e/e5ento o%&eti'o "e/ tipo %8-ico "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n e-

$,- 8-,)- % *',/)- % ,- *&)+(-BF ?ue -e encuent, e-t,%/eci"o 5e"i,nte /,-

te- <ip1te-i- "e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@(F e-to- -on

,). Cu,n"o -e u-, /, 0ue;, o inti5i",ci1n

%). Cu,n"o /, '!cti5, -e <,>, pi',", "e -enti"o o cu,n"o -e

,po'ec<, -u inc,p,ci"," p,, opone e-i-tenci,

c). Cu,n"o -e ,%u-, "e /, en,&en,ci1n o t,-tono 5ent,/ "e /, '!cti5,.

-C-/' 6% 6- ,- 8%49- ' +/)+(+-&+/ -4)&,' =!1 /° 1 :

En pi5e t5inoF e- peci-o -eK,/, ?ue "ic<o nu5e,/ no <, -u0i"o

5o"i0ic,ci1n ,/#un, con e-pecto ,/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o n 3@( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/. La %uer(a e- /, 'io/enci, 0!-ic,F e/ e5p/eo "e ene#!, 5,tei,/ p,,

-o5ete , /, '!cti5, cont, -u 'o/unt," , /, penet,ci1n "e/ ',1nF -t, pue"e

Cit,"o po *ERNAM. O%. Cit. P8#. ((.

7$



-e e&eci", po e/ -u&eto ,cti'o "e /, 'io/,ci1n o po un teceo <o5%e o

5u&e ?ue /o ,>u",.

L, 0ue;, e- un concepto -ie5pe /i#,"o , /, e-i-tenci, "e/ oto.

Nue-t, "octin,F ,/ i#u,/ ?ue /, e-p,Ko/, no e9i#e un, e-i-tenci,"e-e-pe,", po p,te "e /, '!cti5,.

P,, e/ "e-t,c,"o pen,/i-t, "on Ju,n Bu-to- $/' %6 /%&%6-4+' <% ,-

8%49- 6% (-/)%/5- 4-/)% )'- ,- -&)+*+- *+',-)'4+-? /+ )-(;'&' <% ,-

4%6+6)%/&+- 6%- &'/)+/--? -6)- <% <%% % (-/+8+%6)' ,- 8%49- ,-

*',/)- &'/)4-4+-B +

Re-pecto , /, inten-i"," "e /, 0ue;,F /, "octin, n,cion,/ coinci"e en

?ue "e%e -e -u0iciente p,, ?ue e/ ,#e-o 'en;, /, e-i-tenci, "e /, '!cti5,F

to5,n"o en con-i"e,ci1n /, e","F con"icione- "e /, '!cti5, > cicun-t,nci,-

08ctic,-F 5,tei, ?ue en "e0initi', ?ue",8 ente#,", ,/ %uen citeio "e/

Ti%un,/.

Po -u p,teF la intimidaciónF e- /, 'io/enci, 5o,/F /, pe-i1n

p-ico/1#ic, "e o%, o "e p,/,%, 5e"i,nte /, ,5en,;, "e un 5,/ p19i5o ?ue

ec,e8 en /, '!cti5, o en un teceo ?uei"o.

E/ 5,/ con ?ue -e ,5en,;, , /, '!cti5, "e%e -e #,'eF in&u-toF po-i%/eF

> "epen"iente "e /, 'o/unt," "e/ ?ue ,5en,;,F e in5inente@.

E/ po0e-o Etc<e%e>F ,#e#, ?ue e/ 5,/ "e%e con-i-ti en c,u-, un

",Ko 0!-ico , /, popi, '!cti5, o , un teceo con /, cu,/ -e encuent, /i#,",

po '!ncu/o- ,0ecti'o- ?ue <,#, e0ic,; /, inti5i",ci1nF "e 5o"o ?ue /,

,5en,;, "e ot, c/,-e "e ",Ko- no "e%ie, con-i"e,-e -u0iciente5ente #,'eco5o p,, ,"5iti /, 'io/,ci1n po 0ue;, 5o,/.7

+ Bu-to-F Ju,nF M,nu,/ "e Deec<o Pen,/F p,te e-peci,/F -e#un", e"ici1n C.P. E-p,Ko/F P8#. ((@@ Etc<e%e>F A/0e"oF cit,n"o , Ue O". Cit. To5o I6 P8#. +:.7 Etc<e%e>F A/0e"oF Deec<o Pen,/F to5o I6F p,te #ene,/ P8#. +:

7:



E/ po0e-o Ju,n C,/o- To%, "i-cep, "e e-t, opini1nF -eK,/,n"o ?ue

$(6 <% ,- /-)4-,%9- % ,- -(%/-9-? ,' <% /'6 ;-4%&% 4%,%*-/)% ;-4-

%)%4(+/-4 ,- ;%4)4-&+/ % ,- *',/)- % ,- *&)+(-? %6 %, %8%&)'

%)%4(+/-' <% %/ 6 ;6+<+6 ,% ;4'*'<% ,- -(%/-9-.B$

C-/' ,- *&)+(- 6% -- ;4+*-- % 6%/)+'? ' &-/' 6% -;4'*%&- 6

+/&-;-&+- ;-4- ';'/%4 4%6+6)%/&+- -4)&,' =!1 /° 2

E-te nu5e,/ "e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@( no -e e0iee ,/ o%, cont, /, 'o/unt,"

"e /, '!cti5,F -ino ?ue -i5p/e5ente e/ o%, pe-cin"ien"o "e -t,.

La rivación de sentido no -e e0iee , /, c,enci, "e ,/#uno "e /o-

-enti"o- pecepti'o-F -ino ?ue , /, ,u-enci, te5po,/ "e /, concienci,.

A "i0eenci, "e /, e",cci1n "e/ ,nteio nu5e,/ -e#un"o "e/ ,t!cu/o

3@(F e/ ,ctu,/ no <,ce e0eenci, , /, c,u-, "e /, pi',ci1n "e -enti"oF po /o

?ue ,/ no <,ce "i-tinci1n e/ /e#i-/,"oF -e pue"e pe-u5i ?ue e- in"i0eente /,

c,u-,F -e, ?ue -e po"u;c, en 0o5, ,&en, , /, 'o/unt," "e /, '!cti5,F o en

0o5, 'o/unt,i,F co5o po e&e5p/o /, e5%i,#ue;F con-u5o "e "o#,- etc.

Lo epoc<,%/e ,?u! e- e/ pe',/i5iento po p,te "e/ <ec<o "e e-t,

cicun-t,nci, e-pecto "e/ -u&eto p,-i'oF -in i5pot, ?ue -te /, <,>, o no

po'oc,"o.

En cu,nto ,/ arovec)amiento de la incaacidad de la v*ctima ara

ooner resistencia, ,/ i#u,/ ?ue /o -eK,/,"o en e/,ci1n , /, 0ue;,F -e8 un,

cicun-t,nci, "e <ec<o ?ue "e%e8 pon"e, e/ ti%un,/ en c,", c,-o conceto.:

A?u! e/ e/e5ento 0un",5ent,/ e- e/ ,%u-o "e/ -u&eto ,cti'o e-pecto "e/, inc,p,ci"," "e /, '!cti5, p,, e-i-tiF -e, po en0e5e"," o po cu,/?uie

$ To%,F Ju,n C,/o-F 6io/enci, *e9u,/F An8/i-i- "e /, Nue', Le>. Pe<un E"itoe- Lt",.: To%, *,/,-F Ju,n C,/o-F 6io/enci, *e9u,/. An8/i-i- "e /, Nue', Le>F Pe<un E"itoe- Lt",.

$



ot, c,u-,F po e&e5p/oF po encont,-e in5o'i/i;,", po ,t,"u,- o

,5o",;,",.

E-ti5o ?ue no e'i-te e/e',nci, e/ 5oti'o u oi#en "e /, inc,p,ci","F

-e, e-t, e/ o%, "e un teceo o un, cicun-t,nci, popi, "e /, '!cti5, co5oe/ c,-o "e un, en0e5e","F -ien"o /o epoc<,%/eF e/ 5eo ,po'ec<,5iento

po p,te "e/ -u&eto ,cti'o "e e-t, -itu,ci1n "e inc,p,ci"," "e /, '!cti5, "e

opone e-i-tenci, ,/ ,cce-o c,n,/F po ,/#un, "e /,- '!,- -eK,/,",- en e/

inci-o pi5e "e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o 3@(.

&C-/' 6% -6- % ,- %/-3%/-&+/ ' )4-6)'4/' (%/)-, % ,- *&)+(-

-4)&,' =!1 /° =

E-t, nue', no5, pe0eccion, /, 5o",/i"," "e e&ecuci1n con-i-tente en

encont,-e /, '!cti5, pi',", "e ,;1nF e9i#in"o-eF ?ue e/ <ec<o ,%u-e

e0ecti',5ente "e -u en,&en,ci1nF ee5p/,;8n"o-e e/ t5ino pi',", "e

,;1nF uti/i;,"o en e/ ,nti#uo nu5e,/ "e/ ,t!cu/o 3@(F po en,&en,ci1n.

L, e9pe-i1n pi',", "e ,;1n -i#ni0ic, ,0ecci1n 5ent,/F ?ue -u0e

un, 5u&e ?ue /e i5pi"e to5, concienci, "e /, n,tu,/e;, o -i#ni0ic,ci1n "e

/o- ,cto- ?ue e,/i;,F t,t8n"o-e en "e0initi', "e un, en0e5e"," 5ent,/ ?ue

tiene e/ #,"o -u0iciente "e inten-i"," p,, pi', ,/ ?ue /, -u0e "e /,

c,p,ci"," "e co5pen"e e/ ,/c,nce o t,-cen"enci, "e -u- ,cto-.

Po +ena&enación, en c,5%ioF <, "e enten"e-e e/ e-t,"o "e

ini5put,%i/i"," en ?ue -e encuent, un, pe-on,F e-enci,/5enteF peo no

nece-,i,5enteF , ,!; "e un, en0e5e"," 5ent,/. A-! e-t, nue', "i-po-ici1nno -e e0iee -o/,5ente , /,- en0e5e","e- con-tituti',- "e /ocu, o "e5enci,F

-ino to", ,/ten,ci1n pe5,nente "e /, -,/u" 5ent,/ co5o po e&e5p/o

$(



e-?ui;o0eni,-F p,,noi,-F p-ico-i-F 5,n!,co "epe-i',-F "e5enci, -eni/F

epi/ep-i,F /ocu,- t19ic,- o in0eccio-,-.+

E/ t5ino +trastorno F e5p/e,"o en e-te nue'o ,t!cu/oF tiene po

o%&eto cu%i ot,- -itu,cione- 5enoe- "e petu%,ci1n "e /, c,p,ci"," "e,uto"ete5in,ci1n -e9u,/ > -e c,,ctei;, po -u t,n-itoie",".

E/ Mini-teio "e Ju-tici, 5,ni0e-t1 ?ue enten"!, co5pen"i"o- $ ,'6

&-6'6 % %(4+-5%9 %),+&-? %, %8%&)' % %6);%8-&+%/)%6? %/8%4(%- ')4-6

&-6-6 6+(+,-4%6? +/%-6 ;-4- -&%4 ;%4%4 - ,- ;%46'/- %, '(+/+' % 66

-&)'6 -&%4,- -3%/- - 6 (+6(-...B.+(

E-t, e9pe-i1nF , &uicio "e/ Mini-teio "e Ju-tici,F pe5iti!, ,-i5i/,

,?ue//o- c,-o-F ?ue -in con-titui en,&en,ci1nF ni pi',ci1n "e -enti"oF -on

i"1neo- p,, <,ce pe"e , /, pe-on,F ,=n p,ci,/5enteF e/ "o5inio "e -u-

,cto-.

C,%e "e-t,c, ?ue -e <, ,#e#,"o un, e9i#enci, /e#,/F cu,/ e-F ,%u-,

"e "ic<, en,&en,ci1n o t,-tono. E/ ,po'ec<,5iento "e t,/ cicun-t,nci,F

-upone un pe',/i5ientoF un, e9p/ot,ci1n "e /, "o/enci, ?ue ,?ue&, ,/ -u&eto

p,-i'o p,, uti/i;,/e -e9u,/5enteF > e- en "e0initi', /o ?ue "ete5in,8 -i en

e/ c,-o conceto e/ -u&eto ,cti'o <, ,ctu,"o o no t!pic,5ente.

A/ e5p/e, e/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o 3@( e/ t5ino pi',"o "e ,;1nF -e

e-t,%/ec!, un, e-pecie "e po<i%ici1nF , /o 5eno- in"iect,F p,, /, 5u&e

pi',", "e ,;1n p,, e&ece -u -e9u,/i"," en 0o5, co5p,ti",F po /o ?ueF

5e"i,nte e-t, e9i#enci, "e ,%u-, "e e-t, cicun-t,nci,F -e pe5ite , /,

en,&en,", e/,cion,-e -e9u,/5enteF -in con-titui un ie-#o p,, -u p,e&, e/incui en e-pon-,%i/i"," ci5in,/.

+ To%,F Ju,n C,/o-F 6io/enci, *e9u,/F An8/i-i- "e /, Nue', Le>. Pe<un E"itoe- Lt",+( Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici, "e /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-F Bo/et!n N ($7

$



D.- E) S$eo Ac"o.

De /, "e0inici1n "e/ t5ino ,cce-o c,n,/F e5p/e,"o po e/ ,t!cu/o

n 3@( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F e-to e- penet,ci1n "e/ 5ie5%o 'ii/ en /, ',#in,F,no o %oc, "e /, '!cti5,F -e co/i#e c/,,5ente ?ue -1/o pue"e -e -u&eto

,cti'o "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n e/ <o5%e.

C,%e eco", ?ue e/ Men-,&e Pe-i"enci,/F conten!, co5o uno "e -u-

o%&eti'o- e/ 5o"i0ic, e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n en t5ino- "e con-i"e, t,nto ,/

<o5%e co5o , /, 5u&e co5o -u&eto ,cti'o "e e-te i/!cito. *e "i-cuti1 e-t,

po-i%i/i","F conc/u>en"o ?ue /, 5u&e -1/o po"!, penet, 0o;,",5ente , -u

'!cti5, 5e"i,nte ,p,,to- 5ec8nico- o ,ti0ici,/e-F <ec<o- ?ue ?ue",n

e9c/ui"o- "e e-t, ,cci1n t!pic,F ,/ "e0ini/o co5o ,cce-o c,n,/.+

No concue"o p/en,5ente con /o ,nteioF to", 'e; ?ueF -i %ien no e-

0i-io/1#ic,5ente po-i%/e ?ue un, 5u&e penete , ot, pe-on,F -o-ten#o ?ue -i

e- po-i%/e ?ue un, 5u&e o%/i#ue , un <o5%eF en cont, "e -u 'o/unt," o

pe-cin"ien"o "e -t,F , e,/i;, /, c1pu/,.

L, eecci1n "e/ 5ie5%o 'ii/ <, -i"o "e0ini", co5o un $-&)' 4%8,%3'

;'4 %, &-, %, 45-/' &';,-'4 (-6&,+/' ;%/% -<+%4% 4+5+%9 54-&+-6 -

,- 6-/54% <% -8,% - ,'6 %6;-&+'6 &-*%4/'6'6 - &-6- % ,- +,-)-&+/ % ,-6

-4)%4+',-6 -8%4%/)%6B +3 .

A -u 'e;F -e "e%e enten"e po e0/e&o un A&)' +/&'/6&+%/)%? +4+5+'

;'4 ,- (,- %6;+/-, ' %, &%4%4'? 6+/ +/)%4*%/&+/ % ,- *',/)-B + F e-

"eciF $/- 4%6;%6)- +/*',/)-4+- % +/(%+-)- - / %6)(,'B++

+ To%,F Ju,n C,/o-F 6io/enci, *e9u,/F An8/i-i- "e /, Nue', Le>. Pe<un E"itoe- Lt",

+3 *i/', *i/',F 4en8nF Diccion,io "e T5ino- Me"icoLe#,/e- E"itoi,/ Ju!"ic, "e C<i/e (:$:+ *i/', *i/',F 4en8nF Diccion,io "e T5ino- Me"icoLe#,/e- E"itoi,/ Ju!"ic, "e C<i/e (:$:++ *i/', *i/',F 4en8nF Diccion,io "e T5ino- Me"icoLe#,/e- E"itoi,/ Ju!"ic, "e C<i/e (:$:

$3



En 'itu" "e /o ,nteioF -e pue"e co/e#iF ?ue p,, ?ue un <o5%e -e

encuente en con"icione- p,, penet, , un, pe-on,F no -e e?uiee

nece-,i,5ente "e -u 'o/unt,"F to", 'e; ?ue /, eecci1n e- un, e,cci1n

in'o/unt,i, e incon-ciente , cieto- e-t!5u/o-.De e-te 5o"o e- pe0ect,5ente po-i%/e ?ue un, 5u&e o%/i#ue , un

<o5%e , penet,/,F >, -e, po encont,-e -te pi',"o "e -enti"o

,po'ec<8n"o-e "e /, inc,p,ci"," "e -te "e opone e-i-tenci,F po e&e5p/o -i

e/ ',1n -e encuent, in5o'i/i;,"o po ,t,"u,- ,%u-,n"o "e -u en,&en,ci1n

o t,-tono 5ent,/ > 58- ,=n t,t8n"o-e "e un 5eno "e "oce ,Ko-F po

e&e5p/o -i un, 5u&e ,"u/t, ,%u-,n"o "e -u e9peienci, -e9u,/ > "e /,

inocenci, "e /, '!cti5, /o e-ti5u/, , 0in "e o%/i#,/o , penet,/,.

De-,0otun,",5enteF "e%i"o , /, "e0inici1nF "e cieto 5o"oF e-tin#i"o

"e/ 'oc,%/o ,cce-o c,n,/F co5o t,5%in /, e",cci1n "e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o n

3@(F no e- po-i%/e encu,", e-t,- con"uct,- en e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF /,- ?ue

, 5i p,ece -on i#u,/5ente ,tent,io- en cont, "e/ %ien &u!"ico pote#i"o

/i%et," -e9u,/ e in"e5ni"," -e9u,/ "e /o- 5enoe- "e "oce ,Ko-F >

ciet,5ente epoc<,%/e- pen,/5ente.

E/ nue'o te9to /e#,/ e9c/u>e t,5%in /, 'io/,ci1n /-%ic, "e 5u&e ,

5u&e)F ?ue -1/o pue"e e,/i;,-e 5e"i,nte oce e9teno "e /o- #enit,/e- o

into"ucien"o un in-tu5ento ?ue e5e"e ,/ peneF en e-te c,-o -e encuent,

,u-ente e/ ,cce-o c,n,/F e/e5ento e-enci,/ "e/ tipo.+@

En ,;1n "e /o ,nteioF <, ?ue","o e9c/ui", /, 5u&e co5o ,uto,

"iect, o 5,tei,/ "e e-te "e/itoF >, ?ue /, /e> no <, enten"i"o ?ue -t, pue"ee&ecut,F po -! 5i-5, /, ,cci1n con-tituti', "e 'io/,ci1n.

*in pe&uicioF e9i-te /, po-i%i/i"," "e ?ue un, 5u&e pue", -e

con"en,", co5o ,uto, "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF peo en c,/i"," "e ,uto,

+@ To%,F Ju,n C,/o-F 6io/enci, *e9u,/F An8/i-i- "e /, Nue', Le>. Pe<un E"itoe- Lt",

$



5e"i,t, oF t,/ 'e;F inte/ectu,/ con0o5e , /,- e#/,- #ene,/e- "e/ ,t!cu/o n

(+ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F po e&e5p/o i5pi"ien"o o pocu,n"o i5pe"i ?ue -e

e'iteF e5p/e,n"o 0ue;, o in"ucien"o "iect,5ente , oto , e&ecut,/oF o

concet8n"o-e p,, -u e&ecuci1nF 0,ci/it,n"o /o- 5e"io- con ?ue -e //e', ,e0ecto e/ <ec<o o pe-enci,n"o /, 'io/,ci1n -in to5, p,te in5e"i,t, en e//,.

A"e58- e- pe0ect,5ente po-i%/e ?ue un, 5u&e p,ticipe en e/ "e/ito "e

'io/,ci1n en c,/i"," "e c15p/ice o encu%i"o, "e ,cue"o , /o- ,t!cu/o- (@ >

(7 "e/ 5i-5o cuepo /e#,/.

E.- S$eo P+,"o.

L, "e-cipci1n /e#,/ "e/ i/!cito "e&, c/,,5ente e-t,%/eci"o ?ue pue"e

-e -u&eto p,-i'o "e/ tipo %8-ico "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n to", pe-on, 5,>o "e

"oce ,Ko-.

A-! pue"e -e -u&eto p,-i'o "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n t,nto un, 5u&e

co5o un <o5%eF con e/ -1/o e?ui-ito "e -e 5,>o "e "oce ,Ko- "e e",".

L, nue', /e> <, inte#,"o en e-t, 0i#u, pen,/F i/!cito- ?ue e,n t,t,"o-

po -ep,,"o- en /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1nF e-to- -on e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n "e/

,nteio ,t!cu/o 3@( > e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n -o"o5!tic,.

E/ -u&eto p,-i'oF ?uien "e%e -e 5,>o "e "oce ,Ko- "e e","F no

e?uiee "e nin#un, c,/i"," e-peci,/F co5o /, "once//e; en c,-o "e /, 5u&eF ni

<one-ti","F ni %uen, 0,5,F ni p,ente-co.

2.- L+ 2"($%+ C+)"3"c+'+.

E/ nue'o ,t!cu/o n 3@ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F conte5p/, un, 0i#u,

c,/i0ic,", "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF "i-po-ici1n ?ue -eK,/, ?ue $E, <%

$+



-&&%+%4% &-4/-,(%/)% ;'4 *- *-5+/-,? -/-, ' &-,? - /- ;%46'/- (%/'4 %

'&% ->'6? 6%4 &-6)+5-' &'/ ;4%6++' (-'4 %/ &-,<+%4- % 66 54-'6?

-/<% /' &'/&44- &+4&/6)-/&+- -,5/- % ,-6 %/(%4--6 %/ %, -4)&,'

-/)%4+'4B.E-t, nue', no5, %u-c, %in",/e un, potecci1n e-peci,/ ,/ 5eno "e

"oce ,Ko-F ce,n"o un, 0i#u,F en 0o5, -ep,,", , /, 0i#u, %8-ic, "e/ "e/ito

"e 'io/,ci1nF i/!cito- ?ue e,n t,t,"o- en 0o5, con&unt, en e/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o

n 3@(F e0o5,"o.

E-t, 0i#u, c,/i0ic,",F -e "i0eenci, "e /, 0i#u, %8-ic, en cu,nto , /,

c,/i"," "e -u -u&eto p,-i'oF ?uien "e%e -e 5eno "e "oce ,Ko-F %,-t,n"o p,,

-u con-u5,ci1n -1/o e/ ,cce-o c,n,/F no -ien"o nece-,i, /, concuenci, "e

,/#un, "e /,- cicun-t,nci,- enu5e,",- en e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@( "e/ C1"i#o

Pen,/F /o ?ue -e t,"uce en /, puni%i/i"," "e/ ,tent,"o ,/ 5eno i5p=%e -in

con-i"e,ci1n ,/ e5p/eo "e 5e"io- ,%u-i'o- e-pec!0ico-.

L, tipi0ic,ci1n -ep,,", "e/ ,tent,"o ,/ 5enoF -in con-i"e,ci1n ,/

e5p/eo "e 5e"io- ,%u-i'o- e-pec!0ico-F 0,ci/it, 0o5,/5ente -u

poce-,5ientoF ,/ oto#, un t!tu/o "e inci5in,ci1n e-peci0ico > e0ue;,

-i5%1/ic,5ente e/ e0ecto pe'enti'o "e /, pen,/i"," ,#,',",.

E- ie/e',nte p,, /, con0i#u,ci1n "e e-t, 0i#u, c,/i0ic,", /, 'o/unt,"

"e/ -u&eto p,-i'oF to", 'e; ?ue "e%i", , -u cot, e","F e/ /e#i-/,"o pe-u5e

?ue c,ece "e /, c,p,ci"," p,, enten"e e/ -i#ni0ic,"o > t,-cen"enci, "e/

,cto -e9u,/F -ien"o en con-ecuenci, tot,/5ente inc,p,; "e ,uto"ete5in,-e

-e9u,/5enteF "e ,<! ?ue e/ %ien &u!"ico pote#i"o po e-t, 0i#u, e- /,in"e5ni"," -e9u,/ > no /, /i%et," "e ,uto"ete5in,ci1n -e9u,/.

E-t, 0i#u, c,/i0ic,", tiene ,-i#n,", un, pen,/i"," "e pe-i"io 5,>o en

cu,/?uie, "e -u- #,"o-F e-to- e-F "e cinco ,Ko- > un "!, , 'einte ,Ko- "e

pi-i1nF ,n#o ?ue e- un #,"o 5,>o ,/ ,p/ic,%/e , /, 0i#u, %8-ic, "e/ "e/itoF

$@



e/ ?ue ', "e-"e pe-i"io 5,>o en -u #,"o 589i5o , pe-i"io 5,>o en -u

#,"o 5e"io te- ,Ko- > un "!, , ?uince ,Ko-).

G.- V"o)+c"4n en%e C4n<$(e,.

E/ inci-o teceo "e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@:F 'iene en e-t,%/ece /, 'io/,ci1n

ente c1n>u#e-F 5,tei, <i-t1ic,5ente 5u> conto'eti",F >, ?ue /, ,nteio

/e#i-/,ci1n no e-t,%/ec!, e-pec!0ic,5ente e-te i/!citoF e9i-tien"o po-icione-

"i,5et,/5ente opue-t,- ,/ e-pectoF /,- ?ue?ue i%,n "e-"e /, i5puni"," "e /,

'io/,ci1n ente c1n>u#e-F <,-t, un, 0o5, ,#,',", po -u pen,/i",".

A-!F "on 2u-t,'o L,%,tutF e, p,ti",io "e -u pen,/i;,ci1nF to", 'e;

?ue /, 5u&e pue"e opone-e /e#!ti5,5ente ,/ coitoF *o/e conco",%, con /o

,nteio peo -1/o e-pecto "e /, e,/i;,ci1n "e c1pu/,- ,no5,/e-. Po e/

cont,io Ue > Peco opin,%,n ?ue %,&o nin#=n punto "e 'i-t, po"!, ",-e /,

'io/,ci1n ente c1n>u#e-.+7

L, nue', no5,ti',F eco#e /, ten"enci, 5o"en, "e -,ncion, /,

'io/,ci1n ente c1n>u#e-F co5p,tien"o e/ citeio "e/ po0e-o Etc<e%e>F en

t5ino- "e ?ue n,"ie pue"e u-, "e 'io/enci, p,, e/ e&ecicio "e -u "eec<oF

po /o ?ue no pue"e ,"5iti-e ?ue e/ 5,i"o e-t 0,cu/t,"o p,, e&ece un

"eec<o t,n !nti5o > pe-on,/!-i5oF co5o e/ "ei',"o "e/ e&ecicio "e /,

,cti'i"," -e9u,/F ni ,=n t,t8n"o-e "e -u c1n>u#e o con'i'iente.+$

Me"i,nte e-t, "i-po-ici1n /e#,/ -e ,-i5i/, /, -itu,ci1n "e /o-

con'i'iente- ,/ "e un 5,ti5onioF e9i#ien"o en e-te =/ti5o c,-o ?ue /o-c1n>u#e- -e encuenten 'i'ien"o &unto-F ,/ e5p/e, /, e9pe-i1n con ?uien

<,ce 'i", en co5=n.

+7 Etc<e%e>F A/0e"oF Deec<o Pen,/F to5o I6F p8#in, @+$ Etc<e%e>F A/0e"oF Deec<o Pen,/F to5o I6F p8#in, @

$7



A-! /, e0ei", no5, "i-pone

$E/ &-6' % <% / &/5% ' &'/*+*+%/)% &'(%)+%4- -,5/' % ,'6

%,+)'6 ;4%*+6)'6 %/ ,'6 -4)&,'6 =!1 =!! N°1 %/ &'/)4- % -<%, &'/ <+%/

-&% *+- %/ &'(@/? 6% -;,+&-4/ ,-6 6+5+%/)%6 4%5,-6:1° S+ 6,' &'/&44+%4% -,5/- % ,-6 &+4&/6)-/&+-6 % ,'6 /(%4-/'6

2° =° %, -4)&,' =!1? /' 6% -4 &46' -, ;4'&%+(+%/)' ' 6% +&)-4

6'4%6%+(+%/)' %8+/+)+*'? - (%/'6 <% ,- +(;'6+&+/ ' %3%&&+/ % ,- ;%/-

8%4% /%&%6-4+- %/ -)%/&+/ - ,- 54-*%- % ,- '8%/6- +/8,+5+-.

2° C-,<+%4- 6%- ,- &+4&/6)-/&+- -3' ,- &-, 6% ;%4;%)4% %, %,+)'? -

4%<%4+(+%/)' %, '8%/+' 6% ;'/4 )4(+/' -, ;4'&%+(+%/)' - (%/'6 <%

%, J%9 /' ,' -&%;)% ;'4 (')+*'6 8/-'6.B

L, pi5e, e#/, ",", po e-t, no5,F en "e0initi', /i5it, /, 'io/,ci1n

ente c1n>u#e- o con'i'iente- , /, <ip1te-i- "e/ nu5e,/ pi5eo "e/ ,t!cu/o

n 3@(F e-to e-F e/ ,cce"e c,n,/5enteF e/ 5,i"o , -u c1n>u#eF u-,n"o "e /,

0ue;, o /, inti5i",ci1n. En e/ e'ento "e ?ue e/ 5,i"o o con'i'iente -e

,po'ec<e "e /, pi',ci1n "e -enti"o "e -u c1n>u#e o con'i'ienteF "e -u

inc,p,ci"," p,, opone e-i-tenci, o ,%u-e "e /, en,&en,ci1n o t,-tono "e

-u c1n>u#e o con'i'ienteF po e#/, #ene,/ no -e ",8 cu-o , /, "enunci, o

?uee//,F o "e <,%e-e inici,"o >, e/ poce"i5iento -e "ict,8 e/

-o%e-ei5iento "e0initi'o.

De e-te 5o"o -e pue"e -eK,/, ?ue e-t, nue', "i-po-ici1n <,

con-,#,"o un, e-pecie "e e9cu-, /e#,/ ,%-o/utoi,F e-pecto "e /,- <ip1te-i-

"e /o- nu5e,/e- > 3 "e/ ,t!cu/o 3@( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F ,/ e9i-ti un5,ti5onio o con'i'enci, ente e/ -u&eto p,-i'o > /, '!cti5,.

En to"o c,-oF e-t, no5, con-,#, un, e9cepci1n con-i-tente en e/

<ec<o "e ?ue , citeio "e/ -entenci,"o /, #,'e"," "e /, o0en-, in0/i#i",

<,#, nece-,i, /, i5po-ici1n o e&ecuci1n "e /, pen,.

$$



Po -u p,te e/ nu5e,/ -e#un"o "e e-te inci-o -e e0iee ,/ "e-i-ti5iento

"e /, '!cti5,F e-t,%/ecien"o ?ueF po e#/, #ene,/F e-te e?uei5iento "e/

o0en"i"o pon"8 t5ino ,/ poce"i5iento. C,%e "e-t,c, ?ue e/ /e#i-/,"o /e

<, oto#,"o ,/ Jue; /, 0,cu/t," "e ,cept, o no e/ "e-i-ti5iento "e /, '!cti5,F po 5oti'o- 0un","o-.

.- V"o)+c"4n con o/"c"'"o.

*e encuent, con-,#,", en e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o 37 %i- "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/.

E- "e/ c,-o -eK,/, ?ue e-t, no5, ,"e58- "e -e 5o"i0ic,", po /, Le> N

(:.@(7F -u0i1 un, 5o"i0ic,ci1n po-teio en cu,nto , -u pen,/i"," con0o5e ,

/o "i-pue-to en /, Le> n (:.73F ?ue Deo#, /, Pen, "e MueteF pu%/ic,",

con 0ec<, + "e Junio "e/ ,Ko (F po /o ?ue en /, ,ctu,/i"," -u te9to e- "e/

-i#uiente teno /ite,/ E, <% &'/ '&-6+/ % *+',-&+/ &'(%)+%4% -%(6

'(+&++' %/ ,- ;%46'/- % ,- *&)+(- 6%4 &-6)+5-' &'/ ;4%6++' (-'4 %/

6 54-' (+(' - ;4%6++' ;%4;%)'.

E, <% &'/ '&-6+/ % *+',-&+/ ;'4 *- *-5+/-, 6+ ,- *&)+(- 8%4%

(3%4 ' ;'4 *- -/-, 6+ 8%4% '(4%? &'(%)+%4% -%(6 %, '(+&++' %,

'8%/+' 6%4 &-6)+5-' &'/ ,- ;%/- % ;4%6++' ;%4;%)' - ;4%6++' ;%4;%)'

&-,+8+&-'.B

L, nue', e",cci1n "e e-t, "i-po-ici1n 'iene en -o/ucion, /o-

po%/e5,- ?ue pe-ent,%, /, ,nteio no5,F c,%e eco", ?ue e/ ,t!cu/o 37

%i-F ,nte- "e /, Le> n (:.@(7 -eK,/,%, ?ue E/ ?ue con 5oti'o u oc,-i1n "e'io/,ci1n o "e -o"o5!, c,u-,eF ,"e58-F /, 5uete "e/ o0en"i"o -e8 c,-ti#,"o

con /, pen, "e pe-i"io pepetuo , 5uete.

$:



E-t, no5, e9i#!, ,"e58- "e /, 'io/,ci1n o -o"o5!, ?ue -e c,u-,e /,

5uete "e /, '!cti5,F no -ien"o nece-,io ?ue e/ <ec<o co5etie, <o5ici"ioF

-ino ?ue %,-t,%, ?ue -e po'oc,, /, 5uete "e /, '!cti5,.

L, e9pe-i1n e5p/e,", po e-te ,t!cu/oF e-to e- con 5oti'o uoc,-i1nF -i#ni0ic,%, ?ue /, 5uete -e po"!, pe-ent, co5o un 5e"io "e

co5ete /, 'io/,ci1nF -itu,ci1n ?ue e- ,%-u",F pue- -i -e pi', "e /, 'i", , /,

'!cti5, p,, ,%u-, "e e//,F en "e0initi', -e e-t,!, ,%u-,n"o -e9u,/5ente "e

un c,"8'eF "e 5o"o ?ue <,%!, ?ue enten"e-e ?ue "ic<, e9pe-i1n -e e0e!, ,

?ue /, 5uete -e po"u&e, "u,nte /, co5i-i1n "e/ "e/itoF o -e,F "u,nte /,

c1pu/,. E-t, 5ueteF en con-ecuenci, po"!, -e 0otuit, un ,t,?ue ,/ co,;1n)

o c,u-,", po e/ ,uto o un co,uto ,/ e5p/e, /, 0ue;, p,, "o5in, /,

e-i-tenci, "e /, '!cti5,. T,5%in /, 5uete po"!, po"uci-e con

po-teioi"," , /, co5i-i1n "e/ "e/ito p,, #,,nti;, e/ ocu/t,5iento "e/

e-pon-,%/eF /, no i"enti0ic,ci1n "e/ <ec<o > ,=n p,, 0,ci/it, /, <u!",.+:

A-! /,- co-,-F e/ ,nteio te9toF con-,#,%, un c,-o "e e-pon-,%i/i","

o%&eti',F -e5e&,nte , un 'e","eo "e/ito c,/i0ic,"o po e/ e-u/t,"oF en ?ue no

-e con-i"e,%, /, intencion,/i"," "e/ -u&eto ,cti'o@.

A/ -u-titui /, e9pe-i1n c,u-,e 5uete po /, "e co5etiee

<o5ici"ioF -e <, e/i5in,"o /, "i-cu-i1n ,nteioF e-t,%/ecien"o ?ue e/ <ec<o

"e%e8 tene "o/o "iecto o e'entu,/ e-pecto "e/ <o5ici"io "e /, '!cti5,F

-,ncion8n"o-e -u con"uct, co5o un concu-o 5,tei,/ ente ,5%o- "e/ito- ,

t,t,-e en con0o5i"," ,/ ,t!cu/o 7 "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/.

Po ot, p,te -e <, e/i5in,"o /, e9pe-i1n con 5oti'oF po e-ti5,-e?ue c,ec!, "e -enti"o en /o ?ue e-pect, , /, co5i-i1n "e ,tent,"o- -e9u,/e-.@(

+: 2,i"o MonttF M,ioF Deec<o Pen,/F to5o IIIF p8#in, :.@ To%,F Ju,n C,/o-F 6io/enci, -e9u,/F An8/i-i- "e /, Nue', Le>. Pe<un E"itoe- Lt",..@( 6e p8#in, 3:.

:



*e#=n -e "e-pen"e "e/ popio te9to "e/ ,t!cu/o 37 %i-F -te conte5p/,

"o- <ip1te-i-

(. Inci-o pi5eo "e/ ,t!cu/o 37 %i-De/ ,n8/i-i- "e/ te9to "e ,5%o- inci-o- "e/ ,t!cu/o 37 %i-F -e

"e-pen"e ?ue e-t, <ip1te-i- -e e0iee -o/,5ente ,/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n po '!,

,n,/ > %uc,/ en e/ c,-o "e /, 5u&e > /, 'io/,ci1n po '!, %uc,/ en e/ c,-o "e/

<o5%eF en ,5%o- c,-o- con e-u/t,"o "e 5uete.

E-t,- -itu,cione- tienen ,-i#n,"o un, pen, "e pe-i"io 5,>o en -u

#,"o 589i5o , pe-i"io pepetuoF e- "eciF p,te "e ?uince ,Ko- > un "!, "e

pe-i"io.

. Inci-o -e#un"o "e/ ,t!cu/o 37 %i-.

E-t, <ip1te-i- ,#,',", -,ncion, /, 'io/,ci1n po '!, ',#in,/ "e /,

5u&e > po '!, ,n,/ "e/ <o5%eF en ,5%o- c,-o-F -e#ui"o "e/ <o5ici"io "e /,

'!cti5,F e-t,%/ecien"o un, pen,/i"," ?ue ', "e-"e pe-i"io pepetuo ,

pe-i"io pepetuo c,/i0ic,"o.

A 0in "e ,n,/i;, /, tipi0ic,ci1n "e ,5%,- <ip1te-i-F e- peci-o tene

pe-ente ?ue e-t, no5, oi#in,/5enteF e- "eciF ,nte- "e /, 5o"i0ic,ci1n "e /,

Le> n (:.73F conte5p/,%, co5o pen, 589i5, /, 5uete. En e-e %ien

enten"i"oF e/ t,t,5iento en 0o5, -ep,,", ten!, -u 0un",5ento en e/ P,cto

*,n Jo- "e Co-t, Ric,F ,ti0ic,"o po e/ E-t,"o "e C<i/e con 0ec<, ( "eA#o-to "e (::F e/ ?ue -eK,/, en e/ n=5eo "o- "e -u ,t!cu/o ?ue E/ ,'6

;-6%6 <% /' -/ -',+' ,- ;%/- % (%4)%? 6)- 6,' ;'4 +(;'/%46% ;'4

,'6 %,+)'6 (6 54-*%6? %/ &(;,+(+%/)' % 6%/)%/&+- %3%&)'4+-- % )4+/-,

&'(;%)%/)% % &'/8'4(+- &'/ /- ,% <% %6)-,%9&- )-, ;%/-? +&)-- &'/

:(



-/)%4+'4+- - ,- &'(+6+/ %, %,+)'. T-(;'&' 6% %)%/%4 6 -;,+&-&+/ -

%,+)'6 - ,'6 &-,%6 /' 6% ,% -;,+<% -&)-,(%/)%B

E/ inci-o -e#un"o "e/ ,t!cu/o n 37 %i-F contiene /o- ,nti#uo- "e/ito-

"e 'io/,ci1n > 'io/,ci1n -o"o5!tic,F 0i#u,- ?ue %,&o e/ i5peio "e /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1n e,n pen,"o- con pe-i"io pepetuo , 5ueteF cu,n"o con 5oti'o u

oc,-i1n "e e-to- "e/ito- -e c,u-,e ,"e58- /, 5uete "e/ o0en"i"o.

A/ con-,#, /, nue', "i-po-ici1n /,- 0i#u,- nue',- t,/e- co5o /,

penet,ci1n po '!, %uc,/F "e-i#n8n"o/e un, pen, "i-tint, , /, pen, "e 5ueteF

no -e <, t,n-#e"i"o /, Con'enci1n A5eic,n, -o%e Deec<o- 4u5,no-.

Actu,/5enteF en 'itu" "e /, "eo#,ci1n "e /, pen, "e 5ueteF /,

con"uct, tipi0ic,", en e/ inci-o -e#un"o "e/ ,t!cu/o n 37 %i- "e/ C1"i#o

Pen,/F tiene ,-i#n,", un, pen,/i"," ?ue ', "e-"e e/ pe-i"io pepetuo ,/

pe-i"io pepetuo c,/i0ic,"o.

E/ nu5e,/ teceo "e/ ,t!cu/o pi5eo "e /, Le> n (:.73F ?ue "eo#,

/, pen, "e 5uete ,#e#, un nue'o ,t!cu/o n 3 %i- ,/ C1"i#o Pen,/F e/ ?ue

"e0ine > e#u/, "e 5o"o #ene,/ e-t, nue', pen,/i"," "eno5in,", $;4%6++'

;%4;%)' &-,+8+&-'B.

Dic<, no5, -eK,/, ?ue $L- +(;'6+&+/ %, ;4%6++' ;%4;%)'

&-,+8+&-' +(;'4)- ,- ;4+*-&+/ % ,+%4)- %, &'/%/-' % ;'4 *+-? -3'

/ 45+(%/ %6;%&+-, % &(;,+(+%/)' <% 6% 4+5% ;'4 ,-6 6+5+%/)%6 4%5,-6:

1° N' 6% ;'4 &'/&%%4 ,- ,+%4)- &'/+&+'/-, 6+/' /- *%9

)4-/6&44+'6 &-4%/)- ->'6 % ;4+*-&+/ % ,+%4)- %8%&)+*-? %+%/' %/

)'' &-6' -46% &(;,+(+%/)' - ,-6 %(6 /'4(-6 4%<+6+)'6 <% 4%5,%/ 6')'45-(+%/)' 4%*'&-&+/

2° E, &'/%/-' /' ;'4 6%4 8-*'4%&+' &'/ /+/5/' % ,'6 %/%8+&+'6

<% &'/)%(;,% %, 4%5,-(%/)' % %6)-,%&+(+%/)'6 ;%/+)%/&+-4+'6? ' &-,<+%4

')4' &%4;' ,%5-, ' 4%5,-(%/)-4+'? <% +(;'4)% 6 ;%6)- %/ ,+%4)-? -@/ %/

:



8'4(- )4-/6+)'4+-. S+/ ;%43+&+' % %,,'? ;'4 -)'4+9-46% 6 6-,+-? &'/ ,-6

(%+-6 % 6%54+- <% 4%<+%4-/? &-/' 6 &/5% ' -,5/' % 66

;-4%6 ' +3'6 6% %/&%/)4% %/ +/(+/%/)% 4+%65' % (%4)% ' +%4% 8-,,%&+'.

=° N' 6% 8-*'4%&%4 -, &'/%/-' ;'4 ,-6 ,%%6 <% &'/&%%/ -(/+6)-/+ +/,)'6 5%/%4-,%6? 6-,*' <% 6% ,% -5-/ %;4%6-(%/)% -;,+&-,%6.

A6+(+6('? 6,' ;4'&%%4 - 6 4%6;%&)' %, +/,)' ;-4)+&,-4 ;'4 4-9'/%6 %

E6)-' ' ;'4 %, ;-%&+(+%/)' % / %6)-' % 6-, 54-*% % +44%&;%4-,%?

%+-(%/)% -&4%+)-'? <% +(;'4)% +/(+/%/)% 4+%65' % (%4)% ' +/)+,+-

86+&- % )-, (-5/+) <% ,% +(;+- *-,%46% ;'4 6 (+6('. E/ )'' &-6' %,

%/%8+&+' %, +/,)' %%4 6%4 &'/&%+' % &'/8'4(+- - ,-6 /'4(-6

,%5-,%6 <% ,' 4%5,%/.B

En -!nte-i- e/ pe-i"io pepetuo c,/i0ic,"o i5pot, /, pi',ci1n "e

/i%et," "e/ con"en,"o "e po 'i",F o , /o 5eno- po un /,p-o "e cu,ent,

,Ko-F p/,;o 5!ni5o "e pi',ci1n "e /i%et," p,, -o/icit, /, /i%et,"

con"icion,/.

I.- E) P%"nc"p"o 'e Eec$c"4n < e) Ie% C%"/"n",

E/ "eo#,"o ,t!cu/o n 3@F "i-pon!, ?ue $ L'6 %,+)'6 % <%

)4-)- %6)% ;44-8' 6% &'/6+%4-/ &'/6(-'6 %6% <% -

;4+/&+;+' % %3%&&+/.B

E/ ,/c,nce "e e-t, "i-po-ici1n 0ue o%&eto "e "i'e-,- intepet,cione-

po p,te "e nue-to- ti%un,/e- > /, "octin, n,cion,/F pincip,/5ente e-pecto"e ?ue e- /o ?ue "e%!, enten"e-e po pincipio "e e&ecuci1nF > "e /,

poce"enci, o no "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n en #,"o- "e tent,ti', o "e "e/ito

0u-t,"o.

:3



E/ Po0e-o 2u-t,'o L,%,tut 2/en,F <,c!, un, "i-tinci1n ente /o- ,cto-

?ue i5pot,n un &'(+%/9' % %3%&&+/ %, %,+)' > /o- ?ue -i#ni0ic,n

&'(+%/9' % %3%&&+/ % ,- &;,-? /o- pi5eo- e-t,%,n con-titui"o- po /o-

,cto- ,nteioe- , /, penet,ci1n "e/ 5ie5%o 'ii/ en /, ',#in, po e/-e#un"o "e%!, enten"e-e e/ inicio "e /, in',-i1n "e/ 5ie5%o 'ii/ en /o-

1#,no- inteno- "e /, '!cti5,F po co5en;, /, penet,ci1n 'u/', .@

*eK,/, ,"e58- ?ueF "e%i"o , ?ue /, 'io/,ci1nF co5o -e "e-pen"!, "e/

'e%o ecto "e e-te tipo pen,/ en e/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o 3@( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F

con-i-t!, en e/ <ec<o "e >,ce con un, 5u&e e5p/e,n"o 0ue;, o

inti5i",ci1nF e, o%'io ?ue e/ pincipio "e e&ecuci1n , ?ue ,/u"!, /,

"i-po-ici1n e, e/ pincipio "e e&ecuci1n "e/ ,cto c,n,/ o "e /, c1pu/,F -ien"o

,%it,io e0ei/o , <ec<o- ,nteioe-F ,=n cu,n"o pu"ie-e con-i"e8-e/e-

co5o "iect,5ente enc,5in,"o- , /, e,/i;,ci1n "e /, c1pu/,.@3

E-te pecepto ten!, po 0in,/i"," peci-, /e#,/5ente cu,n"o -e "e%!,

enten"e con-u5,"o e/ "e/itoF e'it,n"o /, "u", -o%e -i e-, con-u5,ci1n ten!,

/u#, cu,n"o -e inici, /, in',-i1n o cu,n"o <, <,%i"o un, penet,ci1n

co5p/et, o un, 'e; ?ue -e <, e>,cu/,"o.@

*e#=n e-t, intepet,ci1nF no -e peten"i1 c,-ti#, co5o "e/ito

con-u5,"o "e 'io/,ci1n ,cto- ,nteioe-F co5o e/ e5p/eo "e /, 0ue;,F

/e',nt, /, 'e-ti5ent, o /o- toc,5iento- pe'io- "e/ cuepo "e /, 5u&eF ,cto-

?ue con-titui!,nF 58- %ien e/ pincipio "e e&ecuci1n "e/ "e/ito > no "e /,

c1pu/,F c,-o en e/ cu,/ "e%e!, ,n,/i;,-e -i e-to- ,cto- i%,n "ii#i"o- , 'io/,F

con-titu>en"o "e e-te 5o"oF /, tent,ti', "e 'io/,ci1nF con0o5e /o "i-pue-to po e/ ,t!cu/o n 7 "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/.

@ L,%,tutF 2u-t,'oF Deec<o Pen,/F to5o IIF -pti5, e"ici1nF p8#in, (@3 L,%,tutF 2u-t,'oF Deec<o Pen,/F to5o IIF -pti5, e"ici1nF p8#in, (@ 2,i"o MonttF M,ioF Deec<o Pen,/F to5o IIIF p8#in, :3.

:



Po -u p,teF oto- ,utoe-F ente /o- cu,/e- "e-t,c, Etc<e%e>

e-ti5,%,n ?ue ,/ e5p/e, e/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o n 3@ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ /,-

e9pe-ione- ;4+/&+;+' % %3%&&+/BF "e%!, ",/e i#u,/ ,/c,nce ?ue e/ ?ue

tiene en e/ ,t!cu/o n 7 "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ inci-o 0in,/F e/ ?ue "e0ine /,tent,ti',F -eK,/,n"o ?ue $ H- )%/)-)+*- &-/' %, &,;-,% - ;4+/&+;+' - ,-

%3%&&+/ %, &4+(%/ ' 6+(;,% %,+)' ;'4 %&'6 +4%&)'6? ;%4' 8-,)-/ /' '

(6 ;-4- 6 &'(;,%(%/)'B.

*o-tienen ?ue e-to- ,utoe- no e9i-t!, un, %,-e /e#,/ ni <i-t1ic, p,,

po-tu/, /, "i-tinci1n ente e/ pincipio "e e&ecuci1n "e /, c1pu/, > e/ pincipio

"e e&ecuci1n "e/ "e/ito.

A-! /,- co-,-F "e ,cue"o , e-t, intepet,ci1nF $%, ;4+/&+;+' %

%3%&&+/BF "e ?ue t,t,%, e/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o n 3@F -e

enten"!, con-titui"o en e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n po ,?ue//o- ,cto-

?ue "e un, 5,ne, "iect, e ine?u!'oc, ten"!,n , /, c1pu/,F >

po ot, p,teF "e-"e ?ue e//o- -e po"uc!,nF >, e/ "e/ito "e%!,

-,ncion,-e co5o con-u5,"o. E-t, intepet,ci1n no pe5it!,

e/ "e/ito en #,"o "e tent,ti',F to", 'e; ?ueF -i no <,> pincipio

"e e&ecuci1n "e/ "e/ito no <,> tent,ti', -i <,%!, pincipio "e

e&ecuci1nF "e%!, -,ncion,-e co5o "e/ito con-u5,"oF con0o5e

, /o "i-pue-to en e/ ,t!cu/o n 7 > e/ ,nti#uo ,t!cu/o n 3@F

,5%o- "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/.

L, "eo#,ci1n "e/ ,nteio ,t!cu/o n 3@ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F <, 'eni"o ,

;,n&, /, "i-cu-i1n <i-t1ic, ,cec, "e/ pincipio "e e&ecuci1nF > en "e0initi',F"e&, e/ ite c!5ini- "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n e#i"o po /,- e#/,- #ene,/e- "e

p,ticip,ci1n ci5in,/ conte5p/,",- en e/ ,t!cu/o n 7 "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/.

De e-te 5o"oF <,%8 )%/)-)+*- "e 'io/,ci1n cu,n"o e/ <ec<o <, ","o

pincipio "e e&ecuci1n ,/ ,cce-o c,n,/ "e /, '!cti5,F ?ue",n"o co5pen"i"o-

:+



en e-te concepto to"o- ,?ue//o- ,cto- "e/ ,uto ?ue "e un, 5,ne, "iect, e

ine?u!'oc, tien"en , penet,/, c,n,/5enteF peo -in ,/c,n;, , into"uci -u

5ie5%o en ,/#uno "e "ic<o- oi0icio-F co5o po e&e5p/oF "e-po&, , /,

'!cti5, "e -u op,F pone/, en po-ici1n "e eci%i e/ -e9o in',-o.4,%8 "e/ito 846)4-' "e 'io/,ci1n cu,n"o /, into5i-i1n "e/ 5ie5%o

'ii/ en /o- 1#,no- "e /, '!cti5, no //e#ue , 'ei0ic,-e po c,u-,-

in"epen"iente- "e -u 'o/unt,"F co5o po e&e5p/o /, //e#,", "e teceo-F o /,

e>,cu/,ci1n peco;F etc.

E/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF en t,ntoF "e%e8 enten"e-e &'/6(-' un, 'e;

?ue e/ -u&eto ,cti'o /o#e e-pecto "e /, '!cti5, /, penet,ci1nF ,=n p,ci,/F e-

"eci ,p/ic,n"o /, "octin, "e /, +/(+66+' ;%/+6F to", 'e; ?ue <, -i"o

uni'e-,/5ente ,cept,"o ?ue no -e con-i"e, nece-,i, /, e>,cu/,ci1n p,, /,

con-u5,ci1n "e /o- "e/ito- "e c1pu/,.

En con-ecuenci, e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n e-t,8 con-u5,"o -in oto

e?ui-ito ?ue /, into"ucci1n o penet,ci1nF ,=n p,ci,/F "e/ pene en /o-

e0ei"o- 1#,no- "e /, '!cti5,.

E/ po0e-o "on Ju,n C,/o- To%, *,/,F -eK,/, ?ue "e%e -e

"i0eenci,"o e/ ,n8/i-i- "e/ ite c!5ini- e-pecto "e e-te "e/itoF -e#=n cu,/ -e,

/, '!, e5p/e,", po e/ <ec<o p,, ,cce"e c,n,/5ente , /, '!cti5,F -ien"oF ,

-u p,eceF "e5,-i,"o "8-tico e9i#i /, penet,ci1nF ,=n p,ci,/F cu,n"o e/

,cce-o -e po"uce , t,'- "e /, %oc,F en ,;1n "e /, /e&,n!, ?ue pe-ent,

o%&eti',5ente /, %oc, e-pecto "e /,- ;on,- #enit,/e-F ,-! co5o /, n,tu,/e;, >

"e /,- 0uncione- "e -t,- =/ti5,-F /o ?ue ,"e58- -e 'e!, ,ti0ic,"o po e/-i5p/e -enti"o co5=n "e /, -ocie"," en o"en , ?ue e/ 1#,no %uc,/ no

con//e', o%&eti',5ente /, 5i-5, e/e',nci, -e9u,/ p,, /, '!cti5,.@+

@+ To%,F Ju,n C,/o-F 6io/enci, -e9u,/F An8/i-i- "e /, Nue', Le>. Pe<un E"itoe- Lt",..

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No concue"o con /, intepet,ci1n "e/ *. To%,F to", 'e; ?ue "e <,%e

?uei"o e/ /e#i-/,"o un t,t,5iento "i0eente p,, e/ c,-o "e 'io/,ci1n po '!,

%uc,/F /o <,%!, tipi0ic,"o po -ep,,"oF o -i5p/e5ente no <,%!, inc/ui"o

"ic<, con"uct, "ento "e/ nue'o "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF "e&8n"o/, co5pen"i","ento "e /, nue', 0i#u, "e ,%u-o -e9u,/ con-,#,"o en /o- ,t!cu/o- nZ- 3@@F

3@@ %i- > 3@@ te "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/.

Contin=, -eK,/,n"o e/ po0e-o To%, *,/, ?ue e-t, i"e, <,%!, -i"o

eco#i", po e/ /e#i-/,"o en /, 0i#u, ,#,',", "e/ ,t!cu/o n 37 %i-F cu,n"o

-e -,ncion, con 5,>o pen,/i"," e/ ,cce-o po '!, ',#in,/ o ,n,/F ?ue e/

%uc,/.

C,%e eco", ,/ e-pecto ?ue /o ?ue /, /e> t,t, con 5,>o pen,/i"," e-

/, penet,ci1n po '!, ',#in,/F en e/ c,-o "e /, 5u&eF > /, penet,ci1n ,n,/F

-o/,5ente en e/ c,-o "e ?ue /, '!cti5, -e, un <o5%eF e- "eciF t,t8n"o-e "e

/o- ,nti#uo- "e/ito- "e 'io/,ci1n > 'io/,ci1n -o"o5!tic,F po /o ?ue -e#=n /,

intepet,ci1n "e/ *. To%, "e%e!, e0ectu,-e un t,t,5iento "i0eente -e#=n

-e t,te "e /, penet,ci1n po '!, ',#in,/ o ,n,/F peo -o/,5ente t,t8n"o-e "e

'!cti5, ',1nF > /, penet,ci1n po '!, ,n,/F t,t8n"o-e "e '!cti5, 5u&eF o po

'!, %uc,/F cu,/?uie, -e, e/ -e9o "e /, '!cti5,.

Po ot, p,teF e-u/t, i5peio-o tene pe-ente ?ue e/ <ec<o "e ?ue en

e/ ,t!cu/o n 37 %i- "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ /,- "e58- 0i#u,- "e 'io/,ci1nF e-

"eciF /, penet,ci1n po '!, %uc,/ > ,n,/F t,t8n"o-e "e '!cti5, 5u&e > /,

penet,ci1n %uc,/F t,t8n"o-e "e '!cti5, ',1nF no 0ueon -,ncion,"o- con /,

pen, "e 5ueteF > po en"eF tienen un, 5eno pen,/i"," ?ue t,t8n"o-e "e /, penet,ci1n po '!, ',#in,/ o ,n,/F en e/ c,-o "e/ ',1nF tiene -u =nico

0un",5ento en /,- /i5it,cione- e-pecto "e /, pen, "e 5uete conteni",- en /,

Con'enci1n A5eic,n, -o%e Deec<o- 4u5,no-.@@

@@ 6e p8#in, n :

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L,- no5,- conteni",- en e/ p8,0o *pti5o "e/ T!tu/o 6II "e/ Li%o*e#un"o "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F -e ,p/ic,n , /o- "e/ito- "e 'io/,ci1nF e-tupoF

,%u-o- -e9u,/e- e in'o/uc,ci1n "e 5enoe- en conte9to -e9u,/ o

pono#80ico.

E/ ,t!cu/o n 3@$ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ "i-pone ?ue $S+ ,'6 %,+)'6

;4%*+6)'6 %/ ,'6 '6 ;44-8'6 -/)%4+'4%6 +%4%/ 6+' &'(%)+'6 ;'4

-)'4+- ;@,+&-? (+/+6)4' % / &,)' 4%,+5+'6'? 5-4-'4? (-%6)4'

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-6-46% % -)'4+- ' &'/8+-/9-

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pe-on,- ?ue ",",- -u- 0uncione- tienen e-peci,/e- "e%ee- "e potecci1n o

e"uc,ci1n <,ci, /,- '!cti5,-F inno',n"o e-pecto , /, 0o5, en ?ue -e

encont,%, con-,#,", e-t, no5, %,&o e/ i5peio "e /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1n.

Po un, p,teF e/ inci-o pi5eo "e e-t, "i-po-ici1n <, ee5p/,;,"o e/concepto 0o5,/ > pe5,nente ?ue -e e0e!, ,/ enc,#,"o po cu,/?uie

t!tu/o "e /, e"uc,ci1nF #u,", o cu,ci1n "e /, pe-on, o0en"i",F po un

concepto 5,tei,/F no nece-,i,5ente pe5,nenteF e0ei"o $-, %/&-45-' ;'4

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%,-t, ?ue /, '!cti5, e-t po cu,/?uie cicun-t,nci, %,&o e/ cui","oF

pe5,nente o 5o5ent8neoF "e/ ,#e-o.

A -u 'e; e/ inci-o -e#un"oF 'iene en e0o;, /, ,p/ic,ci1n "e /,

,#,',nte #enic, "e ,%u-o "e con0i,n;,F con-,#,", en e/ n 7 "e/ ,t!cu/o( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F ,/ conte5p/, un, no5, e-peci,/ en e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@$F

?ue con-i"e, cicun-t,nci, ,#,',nte ,%u-, "e /, con0i,n;, "e/ 5eno o "e

-u- p,"e- o cui","oe-.

E-te nue'o ,t!cu/o n 3@$F c,5%i, e/ t,5o "e ,#,',ci1n "e /, pen,F ,/

-eK,/, ?ue -e i5pon"8 ,/ e-pon-,%/e /, pen, -eK,/,", ,/ "e/ito con

e9c/u-i1n "e -u #,"o 5!ni5oF -i e//, con-t, "e "o- o 58- #,"o-F o "e -u

5it," in0eioF -i /, pen, e- un #,"o "e un, "i'i-i%/eF , "i0eenci, "e /o

"i-pue-to en /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1n e/ ?ue -eK,/,%, ?ue $ ..6% +(;'/4 -,

;4'&%6-' ,- ;%/- 6%>-,-- -, %,+)' %/ 6 54-' (+('.B.

Po -u p,teF /, 5o"i0ic,ci1n into"uci", ,/ ,t!cu/o n 37 "e/ C1"i#o

Re0o5,"oF ,5p/!, /, ,p/ic,ci1n "e pen,- ,cce-oi,- , /o- $&'/%/-'6 ;'4

,- &'(+6+/ % ,'6 %,+)'6 ;4%*+6)'6 %/ ,'6 '6 ;44-8'6 ;4%&%%/)%6 %/ &'/)4-

% / (%/'4 % %-B? en cicun-t,nci,- ?ue /, ,nti#u, no5,ti',F -1/o /o-

<,c!, e9ten-i'o , cu,/?uie, oto- poce-,"o- po coupci1n "e 5eno en

inte- "e teceo-.

L, 5o"i0ic,ci1n into"uci", , e-t, no5,F ,"e58- "e ,5p/i, /,

,p/ic,ci1n "e /,- pen,- ,cce-oi,-F <, peci-,"o /, te5ino/o#!, e5p/e,", po

/, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1nF e/ ?ue <,%/,%, "e poce-,"o- en cicun-t,nci,- ?ue /,

no5,ti', -e e0e!, , pen,- ,cce-oi,-F po /o ?ue nece-,i,5ente no-encont8%,5o- 0ente , con"en,"o-F t,/ co5o /o 5encion, /, nue', /e>F >,

?ue e-u/t, i5poce"ente ,p/ic, pen,- , /o- poce-,"o-.

L, e#/, e-peci,/ "e/ inci-o pi5eo "e/ ,t!cu/o n 37(F ?ue -,ncion,

co5o ,utoe- "e /o- "e/ito- "e /o- "o- p8,0o- pece"ente-F , /o- ,-cen"iente-F

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#u,","oe-F 5,e-to- > cu,/e-?uie, pe-on,- ?ue con ,%u-o "e ,utoi"," o

enc,#oF coope,en co5o c15p/ice- en /, co5i-i1n "e e-to- "e/ito-F no

-u0i1 5o"i0ic,ci1n -u-t,nci,/ ,/#un,.

Lo- nue'o- ,t!cu/o- nZ- 3@:F 3@: %i-F 37 %i- > 37 te -e e0ieen 58- %ien , ,-pecto- poce-,/e-F po /o ?ue -e 'e8n en e/ c,p!tu/o -i#uiente.

CAPÍTULO BUINTO

MODI2ICACIONES AL DERECO PROCESAL PENAL

Conoci",- -on /,- 0,/enci,- ?ue pe-ent,%, /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1n en

cu,nto , /, "enunci, > co5po%,ci1n "e /o- "e/ito- "e c,8cte -e9u,/F

-itu,ci1n ?ue ?ue",%, "e 5,ni0ie-to ,/ ,n,/i;, /,- ci0,- cit,",- po e/

Pe-i"ente "e /, Rep=%/ic,F "on E"u,"o ei Rui;T,#/eF en -u 6eto A"iti'oF

"e/ + "e Eneo "e (:::.

Dic<o "ocu5ento -eK,/, ?ue %,&o e/ i5peio "e /, ,nti#u, /e#i-/,ci1nF

cec, "e un 7+S , $S "e /o- c,-o- "e 'io/enci, -e9u,/ no //e#,%,n , -e

"enunci,"o-F /o ?ue -i#ni0ic,%,n ?ue ente 7 > $ "e c,", ( <ec<o- "e,#e-i1n -e9u,/ ni -i?uie, e,n conoci"o- po /, &u-tici,F "e ,<! /, i5pot,nci,

"e 0,ci/it, /, "enunci,F co5o ,-i5i-5o ,5p/i, /o- -u&eto- ,cti'o- "e /,

,cci1n.

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En 'itu" "e in'e-ti#,cione- e,/i;,",- en e-t, 5,tei,F ente /o- ,Ko-

(:$+ > (:$: -e e#i-t,on (:.(@$ poce-o- &u"ici,/e- po "e/ito- -e9u,/e-F /o

?ue ,o#, un, e-ti5,ci1n "e un tot,/ ,po9i5,"o "e (+. ,#e-ione-

-e9u,/e- ocui"o- en "ic<o peio"oF e- "eciF cec, "e 3 5i/ c,-o- po ,Ko.Tenien"o pe-ente /,- ci0,- ,nteioe-F e-u/t, ,/,5,nte e/ <ec<o "e

?ue "u,nte i#u,/ peio"o -e "ict,on (3 con"en,- en e-t, 5,tei,F e- "eciF

-1/o un (.S "e /o- <ec<o- ocui"o- en e/ p,!- en "ic<o peio"o.

L, nue', Le> contiene un, -eie "e e0o5,- ,/ poce"i5iento ,p/ic,%/e

, /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e-F /,- ?ue tienen po 0in,/i"," e"uci -u-t,nci,/5ente

e-t,- ci0,-F 0,ci/it,n"o e/ ,cce-o , /, &u-tici,F 0,ci/it,n"o /, pue%, >

pocu,n"o un, 5,>o e0ic,ci, en /, potecci1n "e /, '!cti5, > -u #upo

0,5i/i,.

A.- S$eo Ac"o 'e )+ +cc"4n.

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E/ nue'o ,t!cu/o 3@: "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F en -u- inci-o- pi5eo >

-e#un"oF "i-pone ?ue N' ;%% ;4'&%%46% ;'4 &-6- % ,'6 %,+)'6 ;4%*+6)'6

%/ ,'6 -4)&,'6 =!1 - =!! <-)%4? 6+/ <% - ,' (%/'6 6% -- %//&+-' %,

%&' - ,- 36)+&+-? -, (+/+6)%4+' ;@,+&' ' - ,- ;',+&- ;'4 ,- ;%46'/-'8%/+-? ;'4 66 ;-4%6? -%,'6 ' 5-4-'4%6? ' ;'4 <+%/ ,- )*+%4% -3'

6 &+-'.

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' +(;,+&-'6 %/ %, %,+)'? ,- %//&+- ;'4 6%4 %8%&)-- ;'4 ,'6 %&-'4%6?

(+&'6 ')4-6 ;%46'/-6 <% )'(%/ &'/'&+(+%/)' %, %&' %/ 4-9/ % 6

-&)+*+-? ' ;'4 ;4'&%%46% % '8+&+' ;'4 %, (+/+6)%4+' ;@,+&'? <+%/ %6)-4

8-&,)-' )-(+/ ;-4- %&+4 ,-6 -&&+'/%6 &+*+,%6 - <% 6% 4%8+%4% %, -4)&,'

="0.B

A/ ,n,/i;, e-t, nue', "i-po-ici1nF c,%e tene pe-ente e/ <ec<o "e ?ue

en e/ 7(F$S "e /o- c,-o- e9i-te 'incu/,ci1n "e p,ente-coF ,5i-t," o -i5p/e

conoci5iento ente e/ -u&eto p,-i'o "e/ "e/ito > e/ 'icti5,io. L, e9i-tenci, "e

p,"e- > p,iente- o0en-oe- ,/c,n;, c,-i ,/ 3S. C/,,5ente e-t,

cicun-t,nci, "ete5in, 5o"o- e-peci,/e- "e co5i-i1n "e/ "e/itoF -in 'io/enci,

0!-ic, > -in <ue//,- 'i-i%/e- "e /e-ione-.@7

Po /o #ene,/ /,- '!cti5,- 5enoe-F no -e -ienten ,#e"i",- co5o /,-

pe-on,- ,"u/t,-F /,- ?ue tienen concienci, "e /, -itu,ci1n ?ue -e po"uceF /o-

5enoe- tien"en , ",-e cuent, "e ?ue 0ueon o%&eto "e un "e/ito o ,#e-i1n-e9u,/ cu,n"o >, -on ,"u/to-.

L, e9i-tenci, 0ecuente "e e/,cione- "e p,ente-co ente e/ 'icti5,io >

/, '!cti5, con"icion, 0uete5ente , e-t, =/ti5,F /, ?ue e'entu,/5ente -e@7 Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici, "e /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-F Bo/et!n N ($73

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encuent, en -itu,ci1n "e "epen"enci, ,0ecti', o econ15ic, e-pecto "e/

,#e-o. En ot,- oc,-ione-F no o%-t,nte no e9i-ti e/,ci1n "e p,ente-co

ente /o- -u&eto- ,cti'o- > p,-i'o-F ?uien tiene e-t, e/,ci1n con /, '!cti5, no

/e cee o -i5p/e5ente pe0iee pote#e ,/ <ec<oF co5o po e&e5p/o en e/ c,-o"e ?ue e/ -u&eto ,cti'o -e, con'i'iente o p,e&, "e /, 5,"e "e /, '!cti5,

5eno.

E-t,- cicun-t,nci,- i5pi"enF en /, 5,>o!, "e /o- c,-o-F e/ ,cce-o , /,

&u-tici,F to", 'e; ?ueF e/ ,uto "e/ "e/ito pue"e -e /, 5i-5, pe-on, enc,#,",

"e /, epe-ent,ci1n &u"ici,/ "e /, '!cti5, 5eno o inc,p,;F o ?uien tiene

"ic<, epe-ent,ci1n opt, po no e&ece /, ,cci1n coe-pon"ienteF pe0iien"o

pote#e ,/ <ec<oF ?ue",n"o en /, ,%-o/ut, in"e0en-i1n /, '!cti5,.

L, nue', no5, "i-pone ?ue ,nte /, inc,p,ci"," "e /, '!cti5,F >, -e,

po e"," o e-t,"o 5ent,/F > /, ,u-enci, o in'o/uc,ci1n "e p,"e-F ,%ue/o- o

#u,","oe- p,, e&ece /, ,cci1n pen,/F /, "enunci, po"8 -e e0ectu,", po

/o- e"uc,"oe-F 5"ico- u ot,- pe-on,- ?ue en ,;1n "e -u ,cti'i","F to5en

conoci5iento "e/ <ec<o.

L, nue', e",cci1n ,5p/!, con-i"e,%/e5ente /, #,5, "e pe-on,- ?ue

po"!,n "enunci, e-te tipo "e "e/ito-F to", 'e; ?ue con0o5e ,/ ,nti#uo

,t!cu/o n 3@: "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F > ,/ ,t!cu/o n (: "e/ C1"i#o "e

Poce"i5iento Pen,/F ,5%o- "eo#,"o- po /, Le> N(:.@(7F en c,-o "e

inc,p,ci"," "e /, '!cti5, > ,u-enci, o in'o/uc,ci1n "e /o- p,"e-F ,%ue/o- o

#u,","oe-F -1/o ?ue",%, co5o -u&eto ,cti'o "e /, ,cci1n e/ Mini-teio

P=%/icoF po /o ?ue con /, ,ctu,/ /e#i-/,ci1n -e 'e 0,ci/it,"o e/ ,cce-o , /, &u-tici,

!.- L+ P%$e*+

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En 5,tei, "e pue%, /, Le> n (:.@(7 <, inno',"o en "o- ,-pecto-

0un",5ent,/e-F e-to- -onF /o- 5e"io- "e pue%, > /, ,peci,ci1n "e /, pue%,.

(. Me"io- "e Pue%, De-"e e/ punto "e 'i-t, 5"ico /e#,/ e9i-te con-en-o en con-i"e,

co5o -i#no- po%,toio- "e /, e/,ci1n -e9u,/ /o- -i#uiente- pe-enci, "e

e-pe5io en /o- #enit,/e- o 'e-ti5ent,- "e /, '!cti5, e-peci,/5ente op,

inteio)F 0ecun",ci1nF cont,5in,ci1n 'ene,F /e-ione- #enit,/e- >

pei#enit,/e-F pe-enci, "e pe/o-F 5,nc<,- "e -,n#e > e-to- "e -,/i',.@$

A-! e'i-te #,n i5pot,nci, en 5,tei, "e ,ce"it,ci1n "e un "e/ito

-e9u,/ e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o n (+ %i- "e/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/F cu>o

te9to e- "e/ -i#uiente teno

$T4-)/'6% % ,'6 %,+)'6 ;4%*+6)'6 %/ ,'6 -4)&,'6 =!1 - =!" +6 %/

%, -4)&,' =" %, C+5' P%/-,? ,'6 '6;+)-,%6? &,/+&-6 %6)-,%&+(+%/)'6

% 6-, 6%(%3-/)%6? 6%-/ ;@,+&'6 ' ;4+*-'6? %%4/ ;4-&)+&-4 ,'6

4%&'/'&+(+%/)'6? %(%/%6 (+&'6 ;4%-6 +',5+&-6 &'/&%/)%6 -

-&4%+)-4 %, &%4;' %, %,+)' +%/)+8+&-4 - ,'6 ;-4)&+;%6 %/ 6 &'(+6+/?

%+%/' &'/6%4*-4 ,-6 ;4%-6 (%6)4-6 &'44%6;'/+%/)%6.

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/ ->'? ;-4- 6%4 4%(+)+'6 -, )4+/-, &'44%6;'/+%/)%.

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(4+)' ;4'-)'4+' 6%>-,-' %/ ,'6 -4)&,'6 "2 "=? 6%5@/ &'44%6;'/-.B

A/ incopo, e-t, nue', no5, /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF

Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici,F 5,ni0e-t1 ?ue -u 0in,/i"," e, $-6%54-4 ,- ;4&)+&- %,'6 %(%/%6 (+&'6 ;4%-6 +',5+&-6 ;-4- &'/6)-)-4 ,-6 %,,-6 % ,-

4%,-&+/ 6%-, 66 &+4&/6)-/&+-6? &'(' -6+(+6(' ,-6 ,%6+'/%6 &-6--6? 6+

,-6 +%4%B @:

Contin=, -eK,/,n"o e/ in0o5e "e /, e0ei", Co5i-i1n ?ue S%

+/&'4;'4-/ -6 - /%6)4- ,%5+6,-&+/ ;4'&%6-, ;%/-, ,-6 +6;'6+&+'/%6

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%&%,%/&+- )&/+&-? &'(' ,- 4%-,+9-&+/ % %(%/%6 % ADN? <% ;%%

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4%6;'/6-,%.B

Lo- <o-pit,/e-F c/!nic,- > e-t,%/eci5iento- "e -,/u"F -e,n p=%/ico- o

pi',"o-F e-t8n o%/i#,"o-F 5e"i,nte e-t, nue', no5,F ,"e58- "e p,ctic, /o-

econoci5iento-F e985ene- > pue%,- %io/1#ic,-F , /e',nt, un ,ct, -u-cit,

po e/ &e0e "e/ E-t,%/eci5iento o -ecci1n > po /o- po0e-ion,/e- e-pon-,%/e-F

?ue",n"o un, copi, en po"e "e /, '!cti5, o "e ?uien /, ten#, , -u cui","o.

A -u 'e; e/ e-pecti'o e-t,%/eci5iento "e%e8 con-e', %,&o e-tict,

e-e',F un, copi, "e /, e0ei", ,ct,F ,-! co5o /,- 5ue-t,- > e-u/t,"o- "e

e985ene-F po un peio"o no in0eio , un ,KoF p,, ,-! pone/,- , "i-po-ici1n

"e/ &ue;F cu,n"o 0ue,n e?uei",-.

E-to pe5ite ,/ &ue;F con e/ 5ito "e/ in0o5e 5"ico > "e /o-,ntece"ente- "e/ ,ct,F ", po /e#,/5ente ,ce"it,"o- /o- <ec<o- > po

con-t,t,", /, e9i-tenci, "e /e-ione-F co5o t,5%in -u #,'e","F /o ?ue e'i-te

e-peci,/ i5pot,nci, ,/ to5, en con-i"e,ci1n ?ue en /, 5,>o!, "e /o- c,-o-@: Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici, "e /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-F Bo/et!n N ($7

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t,n-cue ente /, 0ec<, en ?ue -e oc,-ion,n e-to- > ,?ue//, en ?ue -e

p,ctic,n /o- e985ene- 5"ico- peici,/e- ?ue pue"e "ecet, e/ ti%un,/F t,/

n=5eo "e "!,- ?ue >, <,n "e-,p,eci"o /o- -i#no- > con-ecuenci,- "e/ "e/ito.

Po oto /,"oF e-t, nue', "i-po-ici1nF /e e'it, , /, '!cti5, /, eite,ci1nt,"!, e ine0ic,; "e e985ene- po-teioe- "e "u"o-o ',/o po%,toio p,,

,ce"it, -i#no- > -ecue/,- "e/ ,cce-o c,n,/F ?ue po e/ t,n-cu-o "e/ tie5po

-ue/en "e-,p,ece.

L, "i/i#enci, po%,toi, "e/ c,eo -ie5pe <, -i"o un te5, con0/icti'o

t,t8n"o-e "e /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e- po e/ e'i"ente i5p,cto > t,u5, ,"icion,/

?ue i5p/ic, p,, /, '!cti5, e/ <ec<o "e encont,-e nue',5ente 0ente , 0ente

con -u ,#e-o. E/ nue'o inci-o 0in,/ "e/ ,t!cu/o n 3+( "e/ C1"i#o "e

Poce"i5iento Pen,/ e/i5in, e/ c,eo ente /, '!cti5, e incu/p,"o- o

poce-,"o-F -,/'o ?ue /, '!cti5, con-ient, e9pe-,5ente en /, e,/i;,ci1n "e

e-, /, "i/i#enci, po%,toi,.

En e/ e'ento "e ?ue e/ &ue; e-ti5e ?ue e/ c,eo e- in"i-pen-,%/e p,, /,

co5po%,ci1n "e/ <ec<o o /, i"enti0ic,ci1n "e/ "e/incuenteF "e%e8 e5p/e, e/

poce"i5iento e-t,%/eci"o p,, e/ te-ti#o ,u-ente en e/ ,t!cu/o n 3++ "e/

C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/F ,-i5i/,n"o , /, '!cti5, ,/ te-ti#o ,u-ente.

Dic<, "i-po-ici1n en -u p,te petinente -eK,/, ?ue $... 6+ %, 3%9 &4%%4%

+/+6;%/6-,% -&,-4-4 %, ;/)' %/ <% %,,- '&44-? ,%%4 -, ;4'&%6-' ' -,

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6% /')% %6-&%4' ,-6 %;,+&-&+'/%6 <% % ' ,-6 '6%4*-&+'/%6 <% -5-

;-4- &'/8+4(-4? *-4+-4 ' ('+8+&-4 66 -/)%4+'4%6 -6%4)'6 6% &'/6+5/-4/ %/ ,-+,+5%/&+-.B

*i %ien /, e/i5in,ci1n "e /, "i/i#enci, "e/ c,eo con-titu>e un ,',nce

-u-t,nci,/ en 5,tei, "e potecci1n "e /, '!cti5,F c,%e tene pe-ente ?ue e/

<ec<o "e ,-i5i/, , /, '!cti5, ,/ te-ti#o ,u-ente po"!, "e&,/, en "e-'ent,&,

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po%,toi,F to", 'e; ?ueF -u "ec/,,ci1n /e e- /e!", ,/ incu/p,"o o poce-,"oF

?uien en "e0initi', conocien"o /o 5,ni0e-t,"o po -u '!cti5,F tiene /, =/ti5,

p,/,%, ,/ e-pectoF -in coe e/ ie-#o "e ?ue -u- "ic<o- -e,n e%,ti"o-F po /o

?ueF t,/ 'e; <,%!, -i"o 58- ,popi,"o ,-i5i/, ,/ "e/incuente ,/ te-ti#o,u-ente.

Po =/ti5oF c,%e 5encion, ?ue /, Le> N (:.@(7F ,#e#1 un ,t!cu/o

n @3 %i-F e/ ?ue -eK,/, /o -i#uiente $T4-)/'6% % ,'6 %,+)'6

&'/)%(;,-'6 %/ ,'6 -4)&,'6 =!1 - =!" +6 =" %, C+5' P%/-,? /'

4%5+4/ ,-6 /'4(-6 6'4% +/-+,+- % ,'6 )%6)+5'6? &'/)%(;,-'6 %/ %,

-4)&,' !0? <% 6% 8/%/ %/ 4-9'/%6 % %-? ;-4%/)%6&'? &'/*+*%/&+- '

%;%/%/&+-B

E-t, nue', "i-po-ici1n e'i-te 'it,/ i5pot,nci,F en 5,tei, po%,toi,

"e /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e-F <,%i", con-i"e,ci1n , ?ue en /, 5,>o!, "e /o- c,-o-F

/,- ,#e-ione- -e9u,/e- -e po"ucen "ento "e/ 85%ito "e /, 0,5i/i, > e/ <o#,

-ien"o e&eci", po p,iente- p,"e- en #,n pocent,&e) o conoci"o- "e /,-

'!cti5,-.7

En e-te ,-pecto /, 'io/enci, -e9u,/ en nue-t, -ocie"," pe-ent,

e/e5ento- co5une- con /, 'io/enci, int,0,5i/i,F "e ,<! ?ue /, Le> n (:.3+F

?ue e#u/, e-t,- -itu,cione-F contiene un, no5, en e/ 5i-5o -enti"oF

"i-ponien"o en e/ nu5e,/ ") "e -u ,t!cu/o n 3 ?ue $E/ %6)'6 3+&+'6 /'

4%5+4/ ,-6 +/-+,+-%6 &'/)%(;,--6 %/ ,'6 /@(%4'6 1°? 2°? =°? ° ° %,

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con /,- in<,%i/i","e- p,, "ec/,,F ?ue ,0ect,n ,/ c1n>u#e > /o- p,iente-F,-cen"iente-F "e-cen"ienteF <e5,no-F #u,","oe-F "epen"iente- >

t,%,&,"oe- "e /, p,te ?ue /, pe-ent,.

7 *ERNAMF In'e-ti#,ci1n "e *o/e"," L,,!n (::

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. Apeci,ci1n "e /, pue%,

E/ ,t!cu/o n 3@: %i- e-t,%/ece ?ue en /, -u-t,nci,ci1n > 0,//o "e /o-

"e/ito- "e 'io/,ci1nF e-tupoF coupci1n "e 5enoe- > oto- ,%u-o- -e9u,/e-Fe/ &ue; ,peci,8 /, pue%, con0o5e , /,- e#/,- "e /, -,n, c!tic,.

En nue-t, /e#i-/,ci1nF co5o e#/, #ene,/F i#e e/ pincipio "e /, /i%e

con'icci1n peo ,;on,", "e/ &ue;F en 'itu" "e/ cu,/ e/ -entenci,"o "e%e8

e0ectu, un, ',/o,ci1n "e /,- pue%,- con0o5e , /, /1#ic,F /, p-ico/o#!, > /,

e9peienci,F pe5itin"o/o e-o/'e e0ic,;5enteF peo -in ?ue pue",

in"epen"i;,-e "e /,- /e>e- e#u/,"o,- "e /, pue%,.

E/ ,t!cu/o n +@ %i- "e/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/ "i-pone ?ue

$N-+% ;%% 6%4 &'/%/-' ;'4 %,+)' 6+/' &-/' %, )4+/-, <% ,' 395%

-- -<+4+'? ;'4 ,'6 (%+'6 % ;4%- ,%5-,? ,- &'/*+&&+/ % <%

4%-,(%/)% 6% - &'(%)+' / %&' ;/+,% <% %/ , - &'44%6;'/+' -,

+/&,;-' /- ;-4)+&+;-&+/ &,;-,% ;%/-- ;'4 ,- ,%.B

E9cepcion,/5enteF en ,/#uno- "e/ito-F t,/e- co5o /o- "e <uto > o%o o

e/ "e incen"ioF -e <, e-t,%/eci"o /, ,peci,ci1n "e /, pue%, en concienci,F

,utoi;,n"o , /o- &uece- p,, <,ce "e /,- pue%,- un, ,peci,ci1n ,cion,/F

con0o5e con /, -,n, c!tic,F -in encont,-e o%/i#,"o- , -o5ete-e , /,-

no5,- /e#,/e- e-t,%/eci",- p,, ',/o,/,-.

E/ -i-te5, "e /, -,n, c!tic, e- un, co5%in,ci1n "e /o- -i-te5,- /e#,/ >

e/ "e /, /i%e con'icci1nF en e/ cu,/ -e "e%en e-pet, /o- 5e"io- "e pue%, > /,

0o5, "e en"i/,F peo -u ',/o,ci1n > ,peci,ci1n -on 0/e9i%/e-F pe5itien"o/, ,',/u,ci1n po e/ -entenci,"o con0o5e , /,- e#/,- "e /, /1#ic,F "e /,

e9peienci, > "e e?ui",". E-te -i-te5, "e-c,n-, pincip,/5ente en te-

e/e5ento-F cu,/e- -onF /, cienci,F /, concienci, > /, e9peienci,.

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De ,cue"o , e-te -i-te5, "e ',/o,ci1n "e /, pue%, e/ &ue; "e%e8 en

-u -entenci, e9pe-, /,- no5,- "e /, /1#ic, > /,- 589i5,- "e /, e9peienci,F

con0o5e , /o- cu,/e- ',/oi;, e-,- pue%,-. Po 589i5,- "e /, e9peienci, -e

entien"e e/ con&unto "e &uicio- 0un","o- en /, o%-e',ci1n "e /o ?ue ocueno5,/5ente > ?ue pue"en 0o5u/,-e po to", pe-on, "e ni'e/ 5e"io.

E-t, "i-po-ici1n e'i-te #,n i5pot,nci,F to", 'e; ?ueF e/ 5o"o "e

co5i-i1n "e /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e- > /, con"ici1n "e /,- pe-on,- in'o/uc,",-

po"ucen en /, #,n 5,>o!, "e /o- c,-o- i5po-i%i/i"," "e po%, /o- <ec<o-F

>, -e, po in<,%i/i"," "e /o- te-ti#o-F 0,/t, "e /e-ione-F 5eno e"," "e /,

'!cti5, u ot,- ,;one-.

L, incopo,ci1n "e/ -i-te5, "e /, -,n, c!tic, en /, ,peci,ci1n "e /,

pue%,F pe5ite e/i5in, /,- /i5it,cione- ?ue ten!, e/ &ue;F 0,cu/t8n"o/o p,,

e',/u, ,cion,/5ente e/ con&unto "e ,ntece"ente- ?ue /o#, ec,%,F t,/e-

co5o te-ti5onio "e 5enoe- o -i5p/e- <ue//,- %io/1#ic,- "e un, e/,ci1n

-e9u,/ -in /e-ione-F , c,5%io "e ", ,;1n "e -u con'icci1nF con /o ?ue ?ue",

,-e#u,", /, %,-e o%&eti', "e ceti"u5%e.7(

C.- L+, Me'"'+, C+$e)+%e, E,pec"+)e,

L, Le> en co5ento incopo, "i'e-,- no5,- t,nto ,/ C1"i#o Pen,/F

co5o ,/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/ "e-tin,",- , e-#u,", /, "i#ni"," >-e#ui"," "e /, '!cti5, > -u 0,5i/i,.

A/ ,t!cu/o n 7$ "e/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/F ?ue e-t,%/ece e/

-eceto "e/ -u5,ioF -e /e ,#e#, un nue'o inci-o -e#un"o ?ue "i-pone ?ue en7( Bo/et!n N ($73F Tece In0o5e "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici,.

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/,- c,u-,- ?ue -e -i#,n po /o- "e/ito- "e 'io/,ci1nF e-tupo > ,%u-o- -e9u,/e-F

> en /o ?ue 0ue, ,p/ic,%/e e-pecto "e /o- "e/ito- "e -o"o5!, e ince-toF -e

5,nten"8 en e-tict, e-e', /, i"enti"," "e /, '!cti5,F e-pecto "e teceo-

,&eno- ,/ poce-oF -,/'o ?ue -t, con-ient, e9pe-,5ente en -u "i'u/#,ci1n.E/ &ue; "e%e8 "ecet, /, e-e', "e i"enti"," > -t, -u%-i-ti8 inc/u-o

un, 'e; 0in,", /, c,u-,. Junto con /o ,nteioF e/ ti%un,/ "e%e8 ,"opt, to",-

/,- 5e"i",- ?ue -e,n nece-,i,- p,, #,,nti;, /, e-e', > ,-e#u, ?ue to",-

/,- ,ctu,cione- "e/ poce-o , ?ue "e%, co5p,ece /, '!cti5, -e //e'en , c,%o

pi',",5ente.

En cu,nto , /, -,nci1n p,, e/ c,-o "e in0,cci1n , /, e-e', "e

i"enti"," "e /, '!cti5,F e-t, "i-po-ici1n -e e5ite ,/ inci-o cu,to "e/ ,t!cu/o

n ($: "e/ 5i-5o cuepo /e#,/F e/ ?ue 'e-, -o%e e/ "eec<o "e /o- te-ti#o- "e

-o/icit, /, e-e', "e -u i"enti"," e-pecto "e teceo-. E-t, no5, -e e5iteF

, -u 'e;F ,/ ,t!cu/o n "e/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Ci'i/F -,ncion,n"o ,

?uien popocione /, in0o5,ci1n con un, pen, "e ec/u-i1n 5eno en -u

#,"o 5e"io , 589i5o.

En e/ e'ento "e ?ue /, in0o5,ci1n -e, "i0un"i", po ,/#=n 5e"io "e

co5unic,ci1n -oci,/F e/ ,t!cu/o n ($: "e/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/F

"i-pone ?ue -u "iecto -e8 c,-ti#,"o con un, 5u/t, "e "ie; , cincuent,

in#e-o- 5!ni5o- 5en-u,/e-.

E/ nue'o ,t!cu/o n 37 te "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ 0,cu/t, ,/ &ue; p,,

"ecet,F en cu,/?uie 5o5entoF , petici1n "e p,teF o "e o0icioF po ,;one-

0un",",-F /,- 5e"i",- "e potecci1n "e /, '!cti5, > -u 0,5i/i, ?ue e-ti5econ'eniente-.

E-t, "i-po-ici1n contiene un, enu5e,ci1n enunci,ti', "e /,- 5e"i",-

?ue pue"e ,"opt, e/ ti%un,/ con /, 0in,/i"," "e %in",/e /, "e%i", potecci1n

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, /, '!cti5, > -u 0,5i/i,F "8n"o/e ,5p/i, 0,cu/t,"e- ,/ Jue; "e /, c,u-, p,,

"ecet, to"o tipo "e 5e"i",- c,ute/,e- "u,nte /, -u-t,nci,ci1n "e/ poce-o.

A-! e/ Jue; po"8 "ecet,F ente ot,- 5e"i",-F /,- -i#uiente-

(. *o5ete ,/ incu/p,"o , /, 'i#i/,nci, "e un, pe-on, o in-tituci1n"ete5in,",F ?uien "e%e8 in0o5, pei1"ic,5ente ,/ Ti%un,/. N,", "ice /,

/e> e-pecto "e /, "e-i#n,ci1n "e /, pe-on, o In-tituci1n ?ue e&ece8 /,-

0uncione- "e 'i#i/,nci,F po /o ?ue 5e i5,#ino ?ue -t,- -e8n no5%,"o- po

e/ Ti%un,/.

. Po<i%i ,/ ,#e-o 'i-it, e/ "o5ici/ioF e/ /u#, "e t,%,&o o e/

e-t,%/eci5iento e"uc,cion,/ "e /, '!cti5,F e inc/u-o po<i%i ,/ incu/p,"o /,

,po9i5,ci1n , /, '!cti5, o -u 0,5i/i,.

3. En e/ e'ento "e ?ue /, '!cti5, co5p,t, <o#, con e/ incu/p,"oF e/

ti%un,/ po"8 o%/i#,/o , <,ce ,%,n"ono "e/ <o#, co5=n.

Po -u p,teF e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o n 37 %i- "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F 58- ?ue

conte5p/, un, 5e"i", c,ute/,F e-t,%/ece un, pen, ,cce-oi, ,/ con"en,"o

po 'io/,ci1nF e-tupo u oto "e/ito -e9u,/ co5eti"o en un 5eno "e e"," "e/

?ue -e, p,iente.

E-t, "i-po-ici1n /e#,/ pi', ,/ con"en,"o "e /, p,ti, pote-t," e-pecto

"e /, '!cti5,F o en -u c,-oF in<,%i/it, ,/ ?ue no /, tu'ie, p,, o%tene/,F

,"e58- "e pi',/o "e to"o- /o- "eec<o- ?ue po e/ 5ini-teio "e /, /e> -e /e

con0ieen -o%e /, pe-on, > /o- %iene- "e/ o0en"i"oF "e -u- ,-cen"iente- o

"e-cen"iente-.

E-t, cicun-t,nci, "e%e8 -e "ec/,,", po e/ &ue; en /, -entenci,F ?uien"ecet,8 ,-! 5i-5o /, e5,ncip,ci1n "e/ 5enoF -i coe-pon"ieeF o"en,n"o

,"e58- /, e0ei", -u%in-cipci1n ,/ 5,#en "e /, in-cipci1n "e n,ci5iento

"e/ 5eno.

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En c,5%io e/ p,iente con"en,"o 5,nten"8 to",- /,- o%/i#,cione-

/e#,/e- cu>o cu5p/i5iento -e,n en %ene0icio "e /, '!cti5, o "e -u-

"e-cen"iente-.

E-t, "i-po-ici1nF -e ,-e5e&, -u-t,nci,/5ente , /, -,nci1n conte5p/,",en e/ ,t!cu/o n 3 "e/ C1"i#o Ci'i/F into"uci", 5e"i,nte /, Le> N

(:.+$+F Le> "e i/i,ci1nF e/ ?ue pi', "e /, p,ti, pote-t," ,/ p,"e o 5,"e

?ue -e opone &u"ici,/5ente , /, "ete5in,ci1n "e /, 0i/i,ci1n "e -u <i&o.

Du,nte /, "i-cu-i1n "e e-t, "i-po-ici1nF -e e-ti51 ?ue /, e0ei",

-,nci1n e, p/en,5ente ,p/ic,%/e ,/ p,"eF 5,"e u oto p,iente ?ue pepet,

un "e/ito -e9u,/ en cont, "e un p,iente 5enoF to", 'e; ?ueF e-u/t,!, un,

incon#uenci, e/ -,ncion, e-t, con"uct, pen,/5enteF pe5itien"oF po ot,

p,teF e/ p/eno e&ecicio "e /o- "eec<o- ci'i/e- ?ue pue"e tene o //e#, , tene

-o%e e/ 5enoF co5o po e&e5p/oF p,ti, pote-t,"F /, tute/, o cu,"u!,F o un,

'e; ?ue ,/c,nce /, 5,>o!, "e e","F ,cept, ?ue pue"e ec/,5,/e ,/i5ento-F

-uce"e/e po c,u-, "e 5ueteF o e&ece cu,/?uie oto "eec<o , -u e-pecto.

A "i0eenci, "e /o ?ue -uce"i1 con /, e0o5, "e/ C1"i#o Ci'i/F e/

/e#i-/,"o opt1 po no con-,#, /, po-i%i/i"," "e pe"1n "e /, '!cti5, cu,n"o

//e#ue , /, 5,>o!, "e e","F pincip,/5enteF po /, #,'e"," "e /, con"uct,

pepet,", en -u cont, > /,- e9to-ione- , ?ue pue"e pe-t,-e.7

CAPÍTULO SETO

OTRAS MODI2ICACIONES

A"e58- "e into"uci 5o"i0ic,cione- , /o- C1"i#o- Pen,/ > "e

Poce"i5iento Pen,/F /, Le> N (:.@(7 5e"i,nte -u ,t!cu/o -e#un"o > cu,to

7 Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n > Ju-tici, "e /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-F Bo/et!n N ($7

((



into"uce inno',cione- , /, Le> N ($.(@F -o%e cu5p/i5iento ,/ten,ti'o "e

/,- pen,- > ,/ Deceto Le> N 3(F -o%e Li%et," Con"icion,/.

A5 L"/"+c"one, +) S",e/+ 'e c$/p)"/"eno +)e%n+"o 'e )+, pen+, 'e )+Le< N 1.16.

E/ ,t!cu/o -e#un"o "e /, Le> n (:.@(7F into"uce "o-

/i5it,cione- i5pot,nte- p,, /, ,p/ic,ci1n "e/ -i-te5, "e

cu5p/i5iento ,/ten,ti'o "e /,- pen,- pi',ti',- > e-ticti',-

"e /i%et,".

L, Le> n ($.(@ con-,#, en -u ,t!cu/o n ( ?ue $L- %3%&&+/ % ,-6

;%/-6 ;4+*-)+*-6 ' 4%6)4+&)+*-6 % ,+%4)- ;'4 66;%/%46% ;'4 %, )4+/-,

<% ,-6 +(;'/5-? -, &'/&%%4 -,5/' % ,'6 %/%8+&+'6 -,)%4/-)+*'6 6+5+%/)%6:

- R%(+6+/ &'/+&+'/-, % ,- ;%/-

R%&,6+/ /'&)4/-?

& L+%4)- *+5+,--.B

L- R%(+6+/ C'/+&+'/-, % ,- P%/- con-i-te en /, -u-pen-i1n "e/

cu5p/i5iento "e /, pen, > en /, "i-cet, o%-e',ci1n > ,-i-tenci, "e/

con"en,"o po /, ,utoi"," ,"5ini-t,ti', "u,nte cieto tie5po. Dic<o

%ene0icio e- ,p/ic,%/e , /,- pen,- pi',ti',- o e-ticti',- "e /i%et," ?ue

i5pon#,n /,- -entenci,- con"en,toi,- ?ue no e9ce",n "e te- ,Ko-.

E/ ,t!cu/o "e /, Le> e-t,%/ece ?ue e-te %ene0icio po"8 ,p/ic,-e

cu,n"o e/ %ene0ici,"o no <, -i"o con"en,"o ,nteio5ente po ci5en o-i5p/e "e/itoF -i /o- ,ntece"ente- pe-on,/e- "e/ con"en,"oF -u con"uct,

,nteio > po-teio ,/ <ec<o puni%/e > /, n,tu,/e;,F 5o",/i","e- > 51'i/e-

"ete5in,nte- "e/ "e/ito pe5iten pe-u5i ?ue no 'o/'e8 , "e/in?uiF > -i /,-

((3



cicun-t,nci,- 5encion,",- <,cen innece-,io un t,t,5iento o e&ecuci1n

e0ecti', "e /, pen,.

A/ oto#, e/ %ene0icio e/ ti%un,/ e-t,%/ece8 un p/,;o "e o%-e',ci1n

?ue no -e8 in0eio ,/ "e "u,ci1n "e /, pen,F con un 5!ni5o "e un ,Ko >589i5o "e te-. E-t,%/ece e/ pecepto ,"e58-F ?ue e/ ti%un,/ i5pon"8 ,/

con"en,"o ciet,- con"icione-F e-t,- -on e-i"enci, en un /u#,

"ete5in,n"o -u&eci1n ,/ conto/ ,"5ini-t,ti'o > ,-i-tenci, "e /, 5i-5,

ep,tici1n e&ece "ento "e/ p/,;o > 5o",/i","e- ?ue /e 0i&e e/ 5i-5o

*e'icioF un, po0e-i1nF o0icioF e5p/eoF ,teF in"u-ti, o co5ecioF -i e/

con"en,"o c,ece "e 5e"io- conoci"o- "e -u%-i-tenci, > -,ti-0,ce /,

in"e5ni;,ci1n ci'i/F co-t,- > 5u/t,- i5pue-t,- po /, -entenci,.

En e/ e'ento "e ?ue e/ %ene0ici,"o ?ue%,nte ,/#un, "e /,- con"icione-

?ue -e <,n -eK,/,"oF "ento "e/ peio"o "e o%-e',ci1nF e/ 5i-5o *e'icio

pe"i8 ?ue -e e'o?ue /, -u-pen-i1n "e /, pen, i5pue-t, o -u con'e-i1n en

ec/u-i1n noctun,F -e#=n 0uee ,con-e&,%/e.

En cu,nto , ,- R%&,6+/ N'&)4/-F /, Le> e-t,%/ece ?ue e-t, 5e"i",

con-i-te en e/ encieo en e-t,%/eci5iento- e-peci,/e-F "e-"e /,- <o,- "e

c,", "!, <,-t, /,- @ <o,- "e/ "!, -i#uiente.

Con0o5e /o "i-pone e/ ,t!cu/o n$F e-te %ene0icio po"8 "i-pone-e -i

concuen /o- -i#uiente- e?ui-ito- ?ue /, pen, pi',ti', o e-ticti', i5pue-t,

en /, -entenci, no e9ce", "e te- ,Ko- ?ue e/ %ene0ici,"o no <,>, -i"o

con"en,"o ,nteio5ente po ci5en o -i5p/e "e/itoF o -i <, -i"o con"en,"o

,nteio5ente ?ue -e t,te "e un, pen, ?ue no e9ce", "e "o- ,Ko- o , 58- "eun, -ie5pe ?ue e/ tot,/ no e9ce", "e "ic<o /!5ite > ?ue /o- ,ntece"ente-

pe-on,/e- "e/ con"en,"oF -u con"uct, ,nteio > po-teio ,/ <ec<o puni%/e >

/, n,tu,/e;,F 5o",/i","e- > 51'i/e- "ete5in,nte- "e/ "e/ito pe5it,n

((



pe-u5i ?ue /, 5e"i", "e ec/u-i1n noctun, /o "i-u,"i8 "e co5ete nue'o-

"e/ito-.

*e "i-pone un, e#/, "e con'e-i1n "e /, pen, pi',ti', o e-ticti', "e

?ue -e t,t, -eK,/,n"o ?ue /, pen, inici,/5ente i5pue-t,F -e co5put,8 un,noc<e po c,", "!, "e pi-i1n o e-ticci1n "e /i%et,".

En e/ c,-o "e ?ue%,nt,5iento #,'e o eite,"o > -in c,u-, &u-ti0ic,",

"e /, 5e"i", "e ec/u-i1n noctun,F e/ ti%un,/F "e o0icio o , petici1n "e

2en",5e!, "e C<i/eF poce"e8 , e'oc,/,F "i-ponien"o /, e&ecuci1n "e /,

pen, pi',ti', o e-ticti', "e /i%et," po e/ /,p-o no cu5p/i"o.

*e#=n /o "i-pue-to en e/ ,t!cu/o ( "e /, Le> n ($.(@F ,- L+%4)-

V+5+,-- con-i-te en -o5ete ,/ con"en,"o , un #i5en "e /i%et," , pue%,

?ue ten"e8 , -u t,t,5iento inten-i'o e in"i'i"u,/i;,"oF %,&o 'i#i/,nci, >

oient,ci1n pe5,nente "e un "e/e#,"o.

Dic<o %ene0icio po"8 -e oto#,"o cu,n"o e/ %ene0ici,"o no <,>, -i"o

con"en,"o ,nteio5ente po ci5en o -i5p/e "e/ito ?ue /, pen, pi',ti', o

e-ticti', "e /i%et," ?ue i5pon#, /, -entenci, con"en,toi, -e, -upeio ,

"o- ,Ko- > no e9ce", "e cinco > ?ue /o- in0o5e- -o%e ,ntece"ente- -oci,/e-

> c,,cte!-tic,- "e pe-on,/i"," "e/ con"en,"oF -u con"uct, ,nteio >

po-teio ,/ <ec<o puni%/e > /, n,tu,/e;,F 5o",/i","e- > 51'i/e-

"ete5in,nte- "e/ "e/ito pe5it,n conc/ui ?ue un t,t,5iento en /i%et,"

,p,ece e0ic,; > nece-,ioF p,, /, e0ecti', e,",pt,ci1n > e-oci,/i;,ci1n "e/

%ene0ici,"o.

A/ conce"e e-te %ene0icio e/ ti%un,/ e-t,%/ece8 un p/,;o "et,t,5iento > o%-e',ci1n ?ue no -e8 in0eio ,/ "e "u,ci1n "e /, pen,F con

un 5!ni5o "e te- ,Ko- > un 589i5o "e -ei-F ,"e58- "e%e8 e/ %ene0ici,"o

cu5p/i con con"icione- -i5i/,e- , /,- i5pue-t,- p,, /, e5i-i1n

con"icion,/ "e /, pen,.

((+



E/ ?ue%,nt,5iento "e ,/#un, "e /,- con"icione- i5pue-t,- po e/

ti%un,/ o /, "e-o%e"ienci, #,'e o eite,", > -in c,u-, &u-t, , /,- no5,- "e

con"uct, i5p,ti",- po e/ "e/e#,"oF 0,cu/t,8n ,/ ti%un,/F p,, e'oc, e/

%ene0icioF e9pe-,n"o cicun-t,nci,",5ente -u- 0un",5ento-F en cu>o c,-o -e"i-pon"8 e/ cu5p/i5iento "e /, pen, inici,/5ente i5pue-t, o -u con'e-i1n -i

poce"ieeF en ec/u-i1n noctun,.

A<o, %ienF e/ nue'o inci-o -e#un"o "e/ ,t!cu/o ( "e /, Le> n ($.(@F

e9pe-, ?ue $ N' ;4'&%%4 ,- 8-&,)- %6)-,%&+- %/ %, +/&+6' ;4%&%%/)%

)4-)/'6% % ,'6 %,+)'6 ;4%*+6)' %/ ,'6 -4)&,'6 =!2 ="2 +6 %, C+5'

P%/-,? 6+%(;4% <% %/ %6)% @,)+(' &-6' ,- *&)+(- 8%4% (%/'4 % '&% ->'6B.

De e-te 5o"o no poce"e8 oto#, /o- %ene0icio- "e e5i-i1n

con"icion,/ "e /, pen,F ec/u-i1n noctun,F ni /i%et," 'i#i/,",F e-pecto "e

/o- con"en,"o- po e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n c,/i0ic,"oF e-to e-F co5eti"o en

cont, "e un 5eno "e "oce ,Ko-F > e/ ?ue con oc,-i1n "e 'io/,ci1n co5etiee

,"e58- <o5ici"io en un, pe-on, 5eno "e "oce ,Ko-.

E-te "i-po-ici1n 'iene , econoce /, e9te5, #,'e"," ?ue e'i-ten /o-

"e/ito- -e9u,/e- co5eti"o- en cont, "e /o- 5enoe- "e e","F "e-t,c,n"o /,

i5pot,nci, "e pote#e ,5p/i,5ente e/ %ien &u!"ico in"e5ni"," -e9u,/.

Po -u p,te e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o n 3 "i-pone ?ue $ T4-)/'6% %

;%46'/-6 &'/%/--6 ;'4 ,- &'(+6+/ % &-,<+%4- % ,'6 %,+)'6

&'(;4%/+'6 %/ ,'6 ;44-8'6 ! %, T),' VII %, L+4' S%5/' %,

C+5' P%/-,? %, )4+/-, ;'4 +(;'/%4 &'(' &'/+&+/ ;-4- %,

')'45-(+%/)' % &-,<+%4- % ,'6 %/%8+&+'6 ;4%*+6)'6 %/ %6)- ,% <% %, &'/%/-' /' +/54%6% /+ -&&%- - ,-6 +/(%+-&+'/%6 %, '5-4? %,

%6)-,%&+(+%/)' %&-&+'/-, ' %, ,5-4 %, )4--3' %, '8%/+'.

((@



L- +(;'6+&+/ % %6)- &'/+&+/ 6% 63%)-4 - ,-6 (+6(-6 4%5,-6

-;,+&-,%6 - ,- 4%6',&+/ <% &'/&%%? %/+%5- ' 4%*'&- ,'6 %/%8+&+'6

-,+'6.

E, <%4-/)-(+%/)' % %6)- &'/+&+/ ;4'&+4 ,'6 (+6('6 %8%&)'6 %,'6 -4)&,'6 !? 11 1.

T4-)/'6% % ,- ;4'++&+/ % +/54%6-4 ' -&%4&-46% -, '5-4? %,

)4+/-, ,- 4%*'&-4 6+ ,- *&)+(- 8%4% &/5% ' &'/*+*+%/)% %, &'/%/-'

-6 ,' 6',+&+)-4%? - (%/'6 <% %, )4+/-, )*+%4% 8/-(%/)' ;-4- %6)+(-4 <%

,- 6',+&+) %6 &'/6%&%/&+- % ,- &'-&&+/ %3%4&+- ;'4 %, &'/%/-' ' <%

,- 4%*'&-&+/ ;+%4% ;'/%4 %/ ;%,+54' - (%/'4%6 % %-.B

En 'itu" "e /o ,nteioF e/ Ti%un,/ -e encuent, 0,cu/t,"o p,, i5pone

co5o con"ici1n ,/ oto#,5iento "e ,/#un, "e /,- 5e"i,",- ,/ten,ti',- "e

cu5p/i5iento "e /,- pen,-F , 0,'o "e /o- con"en,"o- po /o- "e/ito- "e

'io/,ci1nF e-tupo > oto- "e/ito- -e9u,/e-F ?ue /, pe-on, %ene0ici,", no

in#e-e ni ,cce", , /,- in5e"i,cione- "e/ <o#,F "e/ e-t,%/eci5iento

e"uc,cion,/ o "e/ /u#, "e t,%,&o "e/ o0en"i"o.

En "e0initi',F e-t, no5, ,5p/!, /, 0,cu/t," oto#,", ,/ Ti%un,/F en

'itu" "e/ ,t!cu/o 37 te "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F ?ue con-,#, /,- 5e"i",-

c,ute/,e- ?ue pue"e "i-pone e/ &ue; "u,nte /, -u-t,nci,ci1n "e/ poce-oF

0,cu/t8n"o/o p,, <,ce -u%-i-ti e-t,- 5e"i",- "u,nte e/ cu5p/i5iento "e

,/#uno "e /o- %ene0icio- "e /, Le> n ($.(@F ,-e#u,n"o un, e0ic,;

potecci1n , /, '!cti5, > -u 0,5i/i,.

E/ ?ue%,nt,5iento "e e-t, con"ici1nF en e/ c,-o "e /, e5i-i1ncon"icion,/ "e /, pen, > "e /, /i%et," 'i#i/,",F 0,cu/t,8 ,/ &ue; p,, e'oc,

"ic<o %ene0icioF "i-ponien"o e/ cu5p/i5iento "e /, pen, inici,/5ente

i5pue-t, o -u con'e-i1n en ec/u-i1n noctun,F > en e/ c,-o "e /, ec/u-i1n

noctun,F e/ ti%un,/ poce"e8 , "i-pone /, e&ecuci1n "e /, pen, pi',ti', "e

((7



/i%et," po e/ /,p-o no cu5p/i"oF con0o5e , /o e-t,%/eci"o en /o- ,t!cu/o- n

@F (: > (( "e /, Le> n ($.(@F e-pecti',5ente.

L, po<i%ici1n "e ,cec,-e o in#e-, ,/ <o#, po"8 -e e'oc,"o ,

petici1n "e /, '!cti5, c1n>u#e o con'i'iente "e/ con"en,"oF -,/'o ?ue e/Ti%un,/ e-ti5,e ?ue "ic<, -o/icitu" -e <,>, e0ectu,"o co,ccion,"o po e/

con"en,"o o ?ue pu"iee -i#ni0ic, un pe/i#o p,, /o- 5enoe- "e e"," ?ue

'i'en en "ic<o <o#,.

!5 Mo'"3"c+c"one, + )+ L"*e%+' Con'"c"on+).

L, Li%et," Con"icion,/ e- un 5o"o "e cu5p/i en /i%et,"F %,&o

"ete5in,",- con"icione-F > un, 'e; //en,"o- cieto- e?ui-ito-F /, pen,

pi',ti', "e /i%et," , ?ue e-t, con"en,"o un "e/incuente po -entenci,

e&ecutoi,",.

*e#=n /o "i-pue-to po e/ ,t!cu/o n "e/ Re#/,5entoF $S% %6)-,%&% ,-

,+%4)- &'/+&+'/-, &'(' /- 4%&'(;%/6- ;-4- %, %,+/&%/)% &'/%/-' -

/- ;%/- ;4+*-)+*- % ,+%4)- ;'4 (6 % / ->'? <%? ;'4 6 &'/&)-

&'(;'4)-(+%/)' +/)-&-,% %/ %, %6)-,%&+(+%/)' ;%/-, %/ <% &(;,% 6

;%/-? ;'4 6 +/)%46 %/ +/6)4+46% ;'4 6 %(;%>' %/ -<+4+4 / '8+&+' ' ,'6

(%+'6 % 5-/-46% ,- *+- '/4--(%/)% -- %('6)4-' <% 6% %/&%/)4-

&'44%5+' 4%-+,+)-' ;-4- ,- *+- 6'&+-,.B

P,, ,cce"e , /, /i%et," con"icion,/F e/ con"en,"o "e%e cu5p/i /o-

-i#uiente- e?ui-ito- <,%e cu5p/i"o /, 5it," "e /, con"en, ?ue -e /e i5pu-o po -entenci, "e0initi', <,%e o%-e',"o con"uct, int,c<,%/e en e/

e-t,%/eci5iento c,ce/,io <,%e ,pen"i"o %ien un o0icioF -i <,> t,//e "on"e

cu5p/e -u con"en,F > <,%e ,-i-ti"o con e#u/,i"," > po'ec<o , /, e-cue/,

"e/ e-t,%/eci5iento > , /,- con0eenci,- e"uc,ti',- ?ue -e "icten.

(($



L, Le> n (:.@(7F 5o"i0ic, e/ ,t!cu/o "e/ Deceto Le> N 3(F e/ ?ue

'e-, -o%e ,?ue//o- "e/ito- e-pecto "e/ cu,/ -e e9i#e e/ cu5p/i5iento "e "o-

tecio- "e /, con"en, p,, po"e ,cce"e ,/ %ene0icio "e /, /i%et,"

con"icion,/.B,&o e/ i5peio "e /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1n e/ con"en,"o po 'io/,ci1n o

-o"o5!, con e-u/t,"o "e 5ueteF "e%!, cu5p/i con e-te e?ui-ito "e 5,>o

tie5po "e pi',ci1n "e /i%et,"F ,/ e-pectoF /, nue', no5,ti',F 5o"i0ic, /,

e9pe-i1n uti/i;,", po /, "e 'io/,ci1n con <o5ici"ioF cicun-t,nci, ?ue e-

un, /1#ic, con-ecuenci, "e /, 5o"i0ic,ci1n "e/ ,t!cu/o 37 %i- "e/ C1"i#o

Pen,/F ?ue con-,#, "ic<o "e/ito.73

A"e58- "e /, e0o5, ,nteioF /, nue', Le> inc/u>e "ento "e /o-

"e/ito- ?ue e?uieen "e "o- tecio- "e /, pen, cu5p/i"o p,, ,cce"e ,/

%ene0icio "e /, /i%et," con"icion,/F /, 'io/,ci1n "e 5enoe- "e "oce ,Ko- ?

con-,#,"o en e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/.

A-! e/ nue'o inci-o teceo "e/ ,t!cu/o 3 "e/ Deceto Le> n 3(F

-eK,/, ?ue $ A ,'6 &'/%/-'6 ;'4 ,'6 %,+)'6 % ;-44+&++'? '(+&++'

&-,+8+&-'? 4'' &'/ '(+&++'? violación con )omicidio, violación de

ersona menor de doce a$os, +/8-/)+&++' %,-'4-&+/ ' )4-8+&' %

%6);%8-&+%/)%6? 6% ,%6 ;'4 &'/&%%4 %, %/%8+&+' % ,- ,+%4)- &'/+&+'/-,

&-/' +%4%/ &(;,+' '6 )%4&+'6 % ,- ;%/-.B

Po -u p,te /, Le> n (:.73F ?ue "eo#, /, pen, "e 5ueteF ,#e#, un

nue'o inci-o pi5eo ,/ ,t!cu/o n 3 "e/ Deceto Le>F e/ ?ue -e e0iee ,/

pe-i"io pepetuo c,/i0ic,"oF > -eK,/, ?ue $A ,'6 &'/%/-'6 - ;4%6++'

;%4;%)' &-,+8+&-' 6,' 6% ,%6 ;'4 &'/&%%4 ,- ,+%4)- &'/+&+'/-, /- *%9

&(;,+'6 &-4%/)- ->'6 % ;4+*-&+/ % ,+%4)- %8%&)+*-. C-/' 8%4%

73 6e p8#in, $$

((:



4%&-9-- ,- 6',+&+)? /' ;'4 %&+46% /%*-(%/)% 6+/' %6;6 %

)4-/6&44+'6 '6 ->'6 %6% ,- @,)+(- ;4%6%/)-&+/.B

De e-te 5o"o /o- ,utoe- "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n con <o5ici"io "e/

inci-o -e#un"o "e/ ,t!cu/o 37 %i- "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F con"en,"o- , pe-i"io pepetuo c,/i0ic,"oF "e%e8n cu5p/i un 5!ni5o "e cu,ent, ,Ko- , 0in po"e

-o/icit, /, /i%et," con"icion,/.

L, Le> N (:.73F "i-pone un poce"i5iento e-pec!0icoF ,nte e/ p/eno

"e /, Cote *upe5o p,, e/ oto#,5iento o e'oc,ci1n "e /, /i%et,"

con"icion,/ "e /o- con"en,"o- , pe-i"io pepetuo c,/i0ic,"oF con-,#,"o en

/o- nue'o- inci-o- -e#un"o > teceo "e/ ,t!cu/o + "e/ D.L. 3(F no5, ?ue

-eK,/, ?ue $ E/ )'' &-6'? )4-)/'6% % &'/%/-'6 - ;4%6++' ;%4;%)'

&-,+8+&-'? ,- ,+%4)- &'/+&+'/-, %%4 6%4 &'/&%+- ' 4%*'&-- ;'4 %,

;,%/' % ,- C'4)% S;4%(-? ;4%*+' &(;,+(+%/)' % ,'6 )4(+)%6 ;4%*+6)'6 %/

%, -4)&,' ;4%&%%/)%.

L- 4%6',&+/ <% &'/&%-? 4%&-&% ' 4%*'<% ,- ,+%4)- &'/+&+'/-,

%/ %, &-6' %6)-,%&+' %/ %, +/&+6' ;4%&%%/)% 6% &'(/+&-4 -, M+/+6)%4+' %

J6)+&+- - 8+/ % -4 &(;,+(+%/)' - ,-6 +6;'6+&+'/%6 %6)-,%&+'6 %/ ,'6

-4)&,'6 !° "° %, ;4%6%/)% %&4%)' ,% %/ %, 4%5,-(%/)' 4%6;%&)+*'.B

C5 E) P%"nc"p"o 'e I($+)'+'0 en %e)+c"4n con )+, )"/"+c"one, + )+

+p)"c+c"4n 'e )o, *ene3"c"o, 'e )+ Le< n 1.16 < e) D.L. n 1.

ente , /,- /i5it,cione- into"uci",- po /, Le> n (:.@(7 , /,,p/ic,ci1n "e /o- %ene0icio- "e /, Le> ($.(@ > e/ D.L 3(F -u#i1 /,

inteo#,nte "e -i e-to- po"!,n -i#ni0ic, un, "i-ci5in,ci1n ,%it,i,F "e-"e

/, pe-pecti', "e/ ,#e-oF ,/ ne#,/e e/ ,cce-o , /o- %ene0icio- "e /,- pen,-

,/ten,ti',- , /,- pi',ti',- "e /i%et," > ,#,', /,- e9i#enci,- /e#,/e- p,,

(



#o;, "e /, /i%et," con"icion,/F /o ?ue po"!, ,0ect, /, i#u,/"," ,nte /, /e> ,

?ue tienen "eec<o to",- /,- pe-on,- ?ue -e,n con"en,",-.

E/ Pincipio "e I#u,/"," ,nte /, Le> -e encuent, con-,#,"o en nue-to

o"en,5iento &u!"ico en e/ nu5e,/ -e#un"o "e/ ,t!cu/o n (: "e /,Con-tituci1n Po/!tic, "e /, Rep=%/ic,F "i-po-ici1n ?ue -eK,/, ?ue

$L- C'/6)+)&+/ -6%54- - )'-6 ,-6 ;%46'/-6: ...

2° L- +5-,- -/)% ,- ,%. E/ C+,% /' - ;%46'/- /+ 54;' ;4+*+,%5+-'. E/

C+,% /' - %6&,-*'6 %, <% ;+6% 6 )%44+)'4+' <%- ,+4%.

N+ ,- ,% /+ -)'4+- -,5/- ;'4/ %6)-,%&%4 +8%4%/&+-6

-4+)4-4+-6B

L, i#u,/"," ,nte /, Le> con-i-te en ?ue /,- no5,- &u!"ic,- "e%en -e

i#u,/e- p,, to",- /,- pe-on,- ?ue -e encuenten en /,- 5i-5,-

cicun-t,nci,-F > con-ecuenci,/5enteF "i'e-,- p,, ,?ue//o- ?ue -e

encuent,n en -itu,cione- "i0eente-.7 No -e t,t,F po con-i#uienteF "e un,

i#u,/"," ,%-o/ut,F -ino ?ue <, "e ,p/ic,-e /, /e> en c,", c,-o conceto

con0o5e , /,- "i0eenci,- con-tituti',- "e/ 5i-5o. L, i#u,/"," -uponeF po

/o t,ntoF /, "i-tinci1n ,;on,%/e ente ?uiene- no -e encuent,n en un, 5i-5,

con"ici1n.

C,%e -eK,/, ?ueF 0ente , /,- c!tic,- "e incon-titucion,/i"," "e /,-

5o"i0ic,cione- into"uci",- , /, Le> n ($.(@ > e/ D.L 3(F e/ Mini-teio "e

Ju-tici, e/,%o1 un, 0un",5ent,ci1n con-titucion,/.

A0i5,F en pi5e t5inoF e/ Mini-teio "e Ju-tici, en un, 5inut,

e0eente , /o- ,;on,5iento- con-titucion,/e- co5p/e5ent,io- en e/,ci1ncon e/ 'eto ,/ po>ecto "e /e> -o%e "e/ito- -e9u,/e-F "e 0ec<, (3 "e A%i/ "e

(:::F ?ueF $E6 4-&+'/-, %6)-,%&%4 %6)-))'6 +8%4%/&+-'6 %/)4% )+;'6 %

%,+)'6 %/)4% (-'4%6 (%/'4%6 % %-B 7 6,/en;ue/, *o5,i',F Eu#enioF Repetoio "e Jui-pu"enci, "e/ Ti%un,/ Con-titucion,/F E"itoi,/ Ju!"ic,"e C<i/e.

((



*eK,/, ,/ e-pecto ?ue /, potecci1n "e /,- '!cti5,- "e un "e/ito

con-titu>e un "e%e "e/ E-t,"o. E-te "e%e "e potecci1n tiene -u-tento

con-titucion,/ cu,n"o en e/ inci-o 0in,/ "e/ ,t!cu/o ( "e /, C,t,

un",5ent,/ -e "i-pone ?ue $%6 %%4 %, E6)-' ... -4 ;4')%&&+/ - ,- ;',-&+/ - ,- 8-(+,+-B. Po -u p,teF e-te "e%e con-titucion,/ -upone

e0ectu, un, po/!tic, "e -e#ui"," ?ue "i-ci5ine -e#=n /, #,'e"," "e /o-

ie-#o- , /o- e-pecti'o- %iene- &u!"ico- tute/,"o- > /, ,ptitu" "e /,- pe-on,-

> c,te#o!,- -oci,/e- p,, pe'eni nue'o- ,tent,"o- > "e pocu,-e un,

,utotute/, e0ic,;.

Con0o5e , /o ,nteioF e/ Mini-teio e0ect=, "o- ,0i5,cione-

0un",5ent,/e- $1 E6 ,&+)' +6)+/5+4? ;-4- ,'6 %8%&)'6 % -4 &(;,+(+%/)'

-, 4%8%4+' %%4 &'/6)+)&+'/-,? %/)4% +6)+/)'6 %,+)'6? 2 %6 )-(+/ ,&+)'

+6&4+(+/-4 6%5@/ ,- &-)%5'4- % ;%46'/-6 66&%;)+,%6 % )-,%6 -&)'6

,%5)+('6.B

*eK,/, /, e0ei", 5inut, ?ueF i#u,/ ,;on,5iento e9i-te e-pecto "e/

"e%e "e potecci1n "e /,- '!cti5,-F >, ?ue /,- pe-on,- -u-cepti%/e- "e uno u

oto i/!cito ',!,n c,-o , c,-o. En /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e- /, /i%et," "e/ ,#e-o

con-titu>e "e po -! un, -itu,ci1n "e ie-#o p,, /, '!cti5,F > e-te ie-#o e-

"i-tinto -e#=n -e t,te "e un 5,>o "e e"," o "e un 5enoF pue-to ?ue e/

pi5eoF en ,tenci1n , -u 5,"ue; > c,p,ci"," "e "i-ceni5iento e-t8 en

con"icione- po -! -1/o "e ,tenu, o 5ini5i;, /,- cicun-t,nci,- o%&eti',- "e

ie-#oF 5ient,- ?ue e/ 5enoF po -! -1/oF no e- c,p,; "e e//o > e?uieeF en

to"o 5o5entoF /, tute/, "e -u- p,"e- o "e ?uiene- e&e;,n /, #u,",.A-i5i-5oF "e-"e un, pe-pecti', -oci,/F e9i-te un, ,;on,%/e peocup,ci1n

pioit,i, "e /, -ocie"," e-pecto "e "ete5in,",- c,te#o!,- -oci,/e-F ente

/o- ?ue -e cuent,n /o- 5enoe-F &u-t,5ente po -u in"e0en-i1n >F -i -e ?uieeF

(



po e/ in-tinto "e -upe'i'enci, "e /, e-pecieF -in ?ue e//o petu%e e/ concepto

"e i#u,/"," ,nte /, /e> ?ue -e encuente ,,i#,"o en un, -ocie"," ",",.

Contin=, -eK,/,n"o ?ue E- ,cion,/ "i-tin#ui "i-tint,- -u%c,te#o!,-

ente /o- 5enoe-. L, tute/, e-t,t,/ "e /o- 5enoe- p=%ee- e i5p=%ee- e-"i0eenci,", en /, n,tu,/e;, 5i-5, "e /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e-. En e0ectoF

t,t8n"o-e "e /o- p=%ee- e/ %ien &u!"ico e- /, /i%et," -e9u,/F 5ient,- ?ue en

e/ c,-o "e /o- i5p=%ee- e- /, in"e5ni"," -e9u,/. E-t, "i-tinci1n &u-ti0ic, /,

e9i-tenci, "e "i-tint,- pen,- p,, ,#e-ione- 0!-ic,5ente -e5e&,nte- /,

penet,ci1nF po e&e5p/o). Po -u p,teF /, e9i-tenci, "e un t,t,5iento

"i0eenci,"o en e/ #i5en "e ,p/ic,ci1n "e /,- pen,- -e &u-ti0ic, , p,ti "e /,

'u/ne,%i/i"," "e /,- '!cti5,- 0ente , un, nue', ,#e-i1nF ?ue e- 5,>o

t,t8n"o-e "e /o- i5p=%ee-F ,/ pe0i/ p-icop8tico "e/ "e/incuenteF >

e-peci,/5enteF tenien"o , /, 'i-t, /, po/!tic, penitenci,i, "e/ E-t,"o en un,

cicun-t,nci, e-p,ciote5po,/ ",",.

A-! /,- co-,-F ,/ e9i-ti "i0eenci,- ,cion,/e- > o%&eti',- ?ue pon"e,F

no c,%e pen-, ?ue pue", e9i-ti un, e'entu,/ "i-ci5in,ci1n ,%it,i,F > en

con-ecuenci,F un ,tent,"o cont, e/ pincipio "e i#u,/"," ,nte /, /e> ,/

e-t,%/ece /i5it,cione- , /o- %ene0icio- "e cu5p/i5iento ,/ten,ti'o "e /,-

pen,-F > ,/ ,u5ent, /,- e9i#enci,- p,, #o;, "e /, /i%et," con"icion,/F

t,t8n"o-e "e /o- ,utoe- "e /o- i/!cito- "e ?ue t,t, /, /e> en co5ento.

(3



CAPÍTULO SFPTIMO

LA APLICACIÓN DE LA NUEVA LEY EN EL TIEMPO

(



Con /, "ict,ci1n "e /, Le> N (:.@(7F -u#e /, po%/e58tic, "e ?ue

<ec<o- ocui"o- con ,nteioi"," , -u ent,", en 'i#enci, -e encuenten

pen"iente- "e 0,//o ,/ 5o5ento "e -u ent,", en 'i#o.

A/ e-pecto <,n -u#i"o "u",- ,cec, "e /, con"ici1n en ?ue -eencont,!,n /,- ,ccione- u o5i-ione- "e/icti',- ,c,eci",- con ,nteioi"," ,

/, ent,", en 'i#enci, "e /, nue', /e>F ?ue <,n -i"o 5o"i0ic,",- 5e"i,nte

e-t, no5,F > cu>, -entenci, "e%e8 -e "ict,", %,&o e/ i5peio "e e-t, nue',

/e#i-/,ci1nF pincip,/5ente 0ente , /, po-i%i/i"," "e ?ue e-t, e0o5, /e#,/F

pu"ie-e ,c,e, co5o con-ecuenci, un, i5puni"," no "e-e,",.

E/ c,-o no5,/ e- ,?ue/ en ?ue e/ &ue; ,p/ic, un, /e> ?ue -e encuent,

'i#ente ,/ 5o5ento "e /, -entenci, > ?ue t,5%in e-t,%, 'i#ente ,/ 5o5ento

"e/ ,c,eci5iento "e/ <ec<o ?ue -e en&uici,.

A.- L+ I%%e%o+c""'+' < Re%o+c""'+' 'e )+ Le< Pen+)

L, /e> pen,/F ,/ i#u,/ ?ue /,- "e58- /e>e-F -e#=n /o "i-pue-to en /o-

,t!cu/o- @F 7F + > +3 "e/ C1"i#o Ci'i/F i#e "e-"e e/ 5o5ento "e -u

pu%/ic,ci1n <,-t, -u "eo#,ci1nF -in pe&uicio "e /o ?ue e//,- e-t,%/e;c,n -o%e

/, 0ec<, "e -u ent,", en 'i#o.

*i -e -uce"en en e/ tie5po "o- o 58- /e>e- pen,/e-F co5o e- e/ c,-o en

cue-ti1nF e/ pincipio "o5in,nte e- e/ "e /, ieto,cti'i"," "e /, /e>F e-to e-F

?ue tiene ,p/ic,ci1n /, ?ue e#!, ,/ 5o5ento "e /, pepet,ci1n "e/ "e/ito.

L, ieto,cti'i"," "e /, /e> pen,/F e- un pincipio "e c,8cte con-titucion,/F con-,#,"o en e/ inci-o -pti5oF nu5e,/ 3 "e/ ,t!cu/o n (:

"e /, Con-tituci1n Po/!tic, "e /, Rep=%/ic,F e/ ?ue -eK,/, ?ue $N+/5@/ %,+)'

6% &-6)+5-4 &'/ ')4- ;%/- <% ,- <% 6%>-,% /- ,% ;4'(,5-- &'/

(+



-/)%4+'4+- - 6 ;%4;%)4-&+/...B. Po -u p,te e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ eite, /o

,nteio en e/ inci-o pi5eo "e/ ,t!cu/o ($.

E/ pincipio "e ieto,cti'i"," "e /, /e> pen,/F -e 0un",5ent, en e/

c,8cte /e#,/i-t, "e/ Deec<o Pen,/F e/ ?ue con-i-te pincip,/5ente en ?ue -u0uente 0o5,/ in5e"i,t, > =nic, e- /, /e>F /o ?ue i5p/ic, /, no e9i-tenci, "e

oto- "e/ito- o pen,- ?ue /o- pe'i-to- con ,nte/,ci1n po e//,F "ic<o pincipio

"e /e#,/i"," -e -inteti;, con e/ conoci"o ,0oi-5o $/,,( &4+(%/ /,,-

;'%/- 6+/% ,%5%B 0o5u/,"o po e/ #,n pen,/i-t, c/8-ico ,/e58n An-e/5o 'on

eue%,c<.7+

De e-te 5o"oF po e#/, #ene,/F /, /e> pen,/ e#i8 ,?ue//o- <ec<o-

,c,eci"o- "u,nte -u 'i#enci,F e- "eciF /o- <ec<o- ocui"o- "e-"e -u

pu%/ic,ci1nF o 0ec<, po-teio "ete5in,", en -u te9toF <,-t, -u "eo#,ci1n.

En con-ecuenci,F /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e- co5eti"o- con ,nteioi"," ,/ ( "e

Ju/io "e (:::F -e i#en po /, /e> 'i#ente ,/ 5o5ento > /o- co5eti"o- con

po-teioi"," -e e#i8n po /, Le> n (:.@(7.

E/ pincipio "e ieto,cti'i"," ,"5ite e9cepcione-F con0o5e , /o

-eK,/,"o en /, C,t, un",5ent,/ en e/ inci-o pen=/ti5o "e/ nu5e,/ 3 "e/

,t!cu/o (:F no5, ?ue "i-pone ?ue N+/5@/ %,+)' 6% &-6)+5-4 &'/ ')4-

;%/- <% ,- <% 6%>-,% /- ,% ;4'(,5-- &'/ -/)%4+'4+- - 6

;%4;%)4-&+/? a menos !ue una nueva ley %avore(ca al a%ectadoB

E-t, "i-po-ici1n con-,#, /o ?ue -e <, "eno5in,"o e/ pincipio +/*+'

;4' 4%'? o /, /e> pen,/ 58- %eni#n,F ?ue -e 5,tei,/i;, , t,'- "e ,-

4%)4'-&)+*+- % ,- ,% ?ue 0,'oece ,/ poce-,"oF /o ?ue -i#ni0ic, ?ue , 'ece-

e-u/t, ,p/ic,%/e un, /e> , -itu,cione- ,c,eci",- con ,nteioi"," , -u ent,",

en 'i#enci,F po -e e-t, 58- %eni#n,.7+ L,%,tut 2/en,F 2u-t,'oF Deec<o Pen,/ To5o IF No'en, e"ici1n. E"itoi,/ Ju!"ic, "e C<i/e.

(@



E-te 5,n",to con-titucion,/ "e ,p/ic,ci1n eto,cti', "e /, /e> pen,/

0,'o,%/e no e- un, con-ecuenci, "e/ pincipio "e /e#,/i","F -ino ?ue e- un,

conceci1n "e/ pincipio "e popocion,/i","F o 58- e-pec!0ic,5enteF "e /,

po<i%ici1n "e e9ce-o ?ue -e "ei', "e/ pincipio "e popocion,/i",". *i e/E-t,"o <, "ec/,,"o tot,/ o p,ci,/5ente innece-,i, un, pen,F entonce-

con-titu>e un e9ce-o in,"5i-i%/e ,p/ic, o continu, ,p/ic8n"o/, , ,/#un,-

pe-on,-.7@

A/ e-pecto e/ ,t!cu/o n ($ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ en -u- inci-o- -e#un"o >

teceo -eK,/, ?ue S+ %6;6 % &'(%)+' %, %,+)' -/)%6 % <% 6%

;4'//&+% 6%/)%/&+- % )4(+/'? 6% ;4'(,5-4% ')4- ,% <% %+(- )-, %&'

% )'- ;%/- ' ,% -;,+<% /- (%/'6 4+54'6-? %%4 -44%5,-46% - %,,- 6

395-(+%/)'.

S+ ,- ,% <% %+(- %, %&' % )'- ;%/- ' ,% -;,+<% /- (%/'6

4+54'6- 6% ;4'(,5-4% %6;6 % %3%&)'4+-- ,- 6%/)%/&+- %%4

('+8+&-4,-? % '8+&+' ' - ;%)+&+/ % ;-4)% &'/ &'/6,)- - ,- C'4)% %

A;%,-&+'/%6 4%6;%&)+*-. E/ /+/5@/ &-6' ,- -;,+&-&+/ % %6)% -4)&,'

('+8+&-4 ,-6 &'/6%&%/&+-6 % ,- 6%/)%/&+- ;4+(+)+*- %/ ,' <% +5-

4%,-&+/ &'/ ,-6 +/%(/+9-&+'/%6 ;-5--6 ' &(;,+-6 ,-6 +/-+,+-%6.B

E-te pincipio "e ,p/ic,ci1n eto,cti', "e /, /e> 58- 0,'o,%/e no

pe-ente 5,>oe- po%/e5,- en /o- c,-o- en ?ue e/ /e#i-/,"o c,5%i, -u

',/o,ci1n "e un, con"uct,F con-i"e8n"o/, in"i#n, "e epe-i1n pen,/F co5o

po e&e5p/o e/ ,cce-o c,n,/ 'o/unt,io ente "o- <o5%e-F 5,>oe- "e e","F

conoci"o co5o -o"o5!, > pen,"o en e/ ,nteio ,t!cu/o n 3@+ "e/ C1"i#oPen,/F con"uct, ?ue <, -i"o "e-pen,/i;,"oF po /, Le> n (:.@(7. En e-te c,-o

p,-, , tene p/en, ,p/ic,ci1n /o "i-pue-to en e/ ,t!cu/o ($ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/.

7@ B,-cuK,n Ro"!#ue;F AntonioF L, ,p/ic,ci1n "e /, Le> Pen,/ Deo#,",F Re'i-t, A%o#,"o N (7

(7



!.- /*"o p%o*)e/8"co 'e )+ +p)"c+c"4n 'e) p%"nc"p"o "n'$"o p%o %eo.

E/ po%/e5, -e -u-cit, en /o- c,-o- en ?ue /, nue', /e> no into"uce un

c,5%io "e ',/o,ci1n ,cec, "e /, puni%i/i"," "e un, con"uct,F -ino ?ueF po "i'e-,- ,;one-F c,5%i, -u 0un",5ento /e#,/ "e puni%i/i","F to", 'e; ?ue /,

in'oc,ci1n "e/ pincipio "e eto,cti'i"," %en0ic,F po"!, -i#ni0ic, /,

i5puni%i/i"," "e ciet,- con"uct,- pen,/5ente epoc<,%/e-F %,&o e/ i5peio

"e ,5%,- /e>e-.

De e-te 5o"o /o- c,-o- po%/e58tico- -on ,?ue//o- -upue-to- en ?ue /,

Le> n (:.@(7 5,ntiene /, puni%i/i"," "e un, con"uct, "ete5in,",F co5o

po e&e5p/o /, penet,ci1n po '!, %uc,/F peo 5o"i0ic, -u t!tu/o "e

inci5in,ci1nF "e-"e ,%u-o- "e-<one-to- "e/ ,nteio ,t!cu/o n 3@@ "e/

C1"i#o Pen,/ , 'io/,ci1n "e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o 3@( "e/ 5i-5o cuepo /e#,/.

E/ inteo#,nte ?ue -u#e e-F -i E, &-(+' % )),' % +/&4+(+/-&+/?

-6'&+-' - ,- %4'5-&+/ %, )),' ;4%*+'? +(;,+&- ,- +(;/+- % ,-6

&'/&)-6 &'(%)+' -3' ,- *+5%/&+- %, )),' %4'5-'Q

L, epue-t, -e inc/in, po /, i5puni"," "e /,- con"uct,- co5eti",-

%,&o /, 'i#enci, "e/ t!tu/o "eo#,"oF ,=n cu,n"o e-t, 5i-5, con"uct, -e

encuent, tipi0ic,", en /, nue', no5,ti',F %,&o oto t!tu/o "e inci5in,ci1n.

En pi5e t5ino e/ inci-o -e#un"o "e/ ,t!cu/o ($ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F

e-t,%/ece c/,,5ente ?ue -i "e-pu- "e co5eti"o e/ "e/ito > ,nte- "e ?ue -e

ponuncie -entenci, "e t5inoF -e po5u/#,e ot, /e> ?ue e9i5, t,/ <ec<o "e

to", pen, o /e ,p/i?ue un, 5eno- i#uo-,F "e%e8 ,e#/,-e , e//, -u &u;#,5ientoF po /o ?ue ,/ "eo#,-e e/ ,t!cu/o ?ue tipi0ic,%, /, con"uct,

con-tituti', "e ,%u-o- "e-<one-to-F -i#uien"o con e/ 5i-5o e&e5p/o "e/

,t!cu/o n 3@@F no coe-pon"e con"en, , un, pe-on, po un "e/ito

ine9i-tente ,/ 5o5ento "e -u con"en,.

($



Po -u p,te /, Con-tituci1n Po/!tic, "e /, Rep=%/ic, e- c,te#1ic, en

e-t,%/ece /, ieto,cti'i"," "e /, /e> pen,/F -eK,/,n"o ?ue N+/5@/ %,+)' 6%

&-6)+5-4 &'/ ')4- ;%/- <% ,- <% 6%>-,% /- ,% ;4'(,5-- &'/

-/)%4+'4+- - 6 ;%4;%)4-&+/...BF po /o ?ue t,5poco poce"e!, con"en, ,/ poce-,"o po e/ "e/ito "e ,%u-o- "e-<one-to-F <o> "eo#,"oF co5o ,uto "e/

"e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n penet,ci1n %uc,/)F to", 'e; ?ue /, nue', /e>F

/1#ic,5enteF <, -i"o po5u/#,", con po-teioi"," , /, pepet,ci1n "e/

<ec<o.

A/ e-pectoF e/ Mini-to "e /, Cote "e Ape/,cione- "e *,nti,#oF "on

C,/o- Ce",F <, -eK,/,"o ?ue -i e/ <ec<o -e co5eti1 %,&o /, 'i#enci, "e /,

,nteio /e#i-/,ci1n > e-e <ec<o <o>F con /, nue', /e> con-titu>e un,

'io/,ci1nF en cicun-t,nci,- ?ue ,nte- no /o e,F no -e pue"e c,-ti#, co5o

'io/,ci1n. T,5poco e-, con"uct, -e pue"e c,-ti#, co5o ,%u-o- "e-<one-to-F

> no -e pue"e -,ncion,F ?ue",n"oF en "e0initi',F i5pune. Co5o ,>eF <,%!,n

con"uct,- ?ue no e,n 'io/,ci1nF > ,<o, /o -onF c/,,5ente no -e pue"e

,p/ic, e/ tipo eto,cti',5ente. T,5poco c,%e /, pe5,nenci, "e /, /e> en e/

tie5poF t,t8n"o-e "e /, ,nti#u,.

4,> ?uiene- po"!, e-ti5, ?ue <,> ?ue ent, , ,n,/i;, e/ <ec<oF , 0in

"e conc/ui -i e/ <ec<o e- e/ 5i-5o ?ue ,nte- e, ,%u-o- "e-<one-to-F p,, ,-!

po"e -,ncion, /, con"uct,F po-tu, ?ue e- o%&et,", po e/ Mini-to Ce",

to", 'e; ?ueF en -u opini1nF no <,> ,#u5ento- "e /1#ic, ni 5eno- &u!"ico-

p,, e0ectu, e-e ,n8/i-i-F po ?ue no e- po-i%/e "eci ?ue un <ec<o ,nte- e,

,%u-o- "e-<one-to-F "e%i"o , ?ue /, ,nteio /e> no "e0in!, /o ?ue e,n ,%u-o-"e-<one-to-F po /o ?ue nunc, ,nte- "e un, -entenci, "e t5ino -e pue"e

conc/ui ?u <ec<o-F %,&o e/ i5peio "e /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1n e,n ,%u-o-

"e-<one-to-.

(:



No -e pue"e e9i#i ent, ,/ 85%ito "e /, c,-u!-tic, p,, ecin ,p/ic, e/

inci-o -e#un"o "e/ ,t!cu/o ($ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ > e/ pen=/ti5o "e/ nu5e,/ 3

"e/ ,t!cu/o (: "e /, Con-tituci1n Po/!tic, "e /, Rep=%/ic,. *i %ien uno pue"e

,;on, en e/ -enti"o "e "eci ?ueF con"uct,- t,/e- co5o /, penet,ci1n %uc,/-on t,n "e/ito ,<o, co5o ,nte-F -e "e%e tene pe-ente ?ue /,- no5,- "e/

,t!cu/o (: n 3 inci-o pen=/ti5o "e /, Con-tituci1n Po/!tic, "e /, Rep=%/ic,F >

($ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ no ,tien"en , /, c,-u!-tic,F -ino ?ue -on no5,-

"octin,i,- > o%&eti',- ?ue "e%en -e ,p/ic,",- ,nte- "e ent, , /, c,-u!-tic,.

P,, po"e e-t, en con"icione- "e "eci -i un, con"uct, e-t,%, -,ncion,"o

,>e > <o>F tene5o- ?ue ent, , /, c,-u!-tic, peo en "e0initi', no -e pue"e

ent, en e-e ,n8/i-i-F po?ue en /, 5e"i", ?ue e/ t5ino e5p/e,"o po e/

,t!cu/o n 3@@ e, ,5p/io $-6-4% %6'/%6)-(%/)%BF no -,%e5o- ?ue i%, e/

&u;#,"o enten"e po ,%u-o- "e-<one-to-.

En con-ecuenci,F no c,%e e9,5in, -i en un c,-o e-pec!0ico no-

encont,5o- 0ente , t,/ -itu,ci1nF "e%i"o , ?ue no -e pue"e ent, , /,

c,-u!-tic, p,, ,n,/i;, -i un, con"uct, ?ue ,<o, e- 'io/,ci1n e, ,nte-

,%u-o- "e-<one-to-. 4,> un pincipio "e <e5ene=tic, en 5,tei, pen,/F

con0o5e ,/ cu,/ no -e pue"e <,ce etot,e /o- tipo- pen,/e-F ni t,5poco po

-u e9cepcion,/i","F po -e =/ti5, ,cioF ,5p/i0ic, -u intepet,ci1n.77

A?u! no c,%e <,ce un ,n8/i-i- e5p!icoF ni -ocio/1#ico ni c,-u!-ticoF

-ino -i5p/e5ente ,p/ic, e/ pincipio "e ieto,cti'i"," "e/ "eec<o pen,/F >

no /, -upe'i'ienci, "e/ "eec<o pen,/.

De con0o5i"," , /o ,nteio ?ue",!,n i5puneF en -u 5,>o!,F /o-"e/ito- co5eti"o- %,&o e/ i5peio "e /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1n > cu>,- -entenci,-

"e t5ino -e encont,%,n pen"iente- , /, 0ec<, "e/ c,5%io "e /e#i-/,ci1n.

77 Ente'i-t, e,/i;,", ,/ Mini-to *. C,/o- Ce", en8n"e;F ([@[(

(3



Po ot, p,teF e/ po0e-o "on Antonio B,-cuK8n Ro"!#ue;F <,

-eK,/,"o ?ue "e-"e e/ punto "e 'i-t, "e/ Deec<o Pen,/ -u-t,nti'o /, e-pue-t,

coect, , /, inteo#,nte p/,nte,", e- /, ne#,ti',.

A/ e-pectoF c,%e ,n,/i;,F /o ?ue -e <, "eno5in,"o $;4%)%4-&)+*+- %,- ,%BF /o ?ue con-i-te en /, ,p/ic,ci1n "e un, /e> en un, -entenci, "ict,",

"e-pu- "e -u "eo#,ci1nF e- en "e0initi', un, e-pecie "e u/t,,cti'i"," "e /,

/e>.

*e#=n /o -eK,/,"o po e/ po0e-o B,-cuK8nF e-t, e- un, e#/, "e

econoci5iento "e /, /e> ,p/ic,%/eF po /o ?ueF "e%e ,n,/i;,-e /,

pete,cti'i"," "e-"e /, pe-pecti', "e -u e/,ci1n con /o- pincipio- "e ,n#o

-upeioF e-to- -on /, ieto,cti'i"," > /, eto,cti'i"," "e /, /e> 58-

0,'o,%/e.

Cu,n"o un, 5o"i0ic,ci1n /e#,/ into"uce un c,5%io "e-0,'o,%/eF >,

-e, ,5p/i,n"o /, "e-cipci1n "e/ "e/ito o ,u5ent,n"o /, pen,F e/ pincipio "e

/e#,/i"," po<i%e -u ,p/ic,ci1n eto,cti',. Po e-t, ,;1n /o- <ec<o-

,c,eci"o- con ,nteioi"," , /, 5o"i0ic,ci1n no pue"en -e &u;#,"o- con0o5e

, /, nue', "i-po-ici1n. En e-te c,-oF /, ,p/ic,ci1n pete,cti', "e /, /e> pen,/

,nteio e- un co5p/e5ento nece-,io "e /, ieto,cti'i"," "e /, /e> pen,/

"e-0,'o,%/e.

De no -e po-i%/e 5,ntene /, ,p/ic,ci1n "e /, /e> 5o"i0ic,",F /,

"eci-i1n "e/ /e#i-/,"o "e ,#,', p,, e/ 0utuo e/ t,t,5iento pen,/ "e un,

con"uct, con"uci!, , /, i5puni"," "e /o- <ec<o- p,-,"o-F /o cu,/ e-

5,ni0ie-t,5ente ,%-u"o.7$ No e9i-te en nue-t, /e#i-/,ci1n e#/, ?ue po<i%, /, pete,cti'i"," "e

/, /e> pen,/F e-to e-F no e9i-te un, "i-po-ici1n ?ue e-t,%/e;c, co5o e#/,

7$ B,-cuK,n Ro"!#ue;F AntonioF L, ,p/ic,ci1n "e /, Le> Pen,/ Deo#,",F Re'i-t, A%o#,"o N (7

(3(



#ene,/ /, ,p/ic,ci1n "e /, /e> 'i#ente ,/ 5o5ento "e "ict, /, -entenci,. L,

/e> pen,/ no i#e in ,ctu5F co5o /, /e> poce-,/.

A -u 'e;F e/ * B,-cuK8n -eK,/, ?ue /, pete,cti'i"," -i -e encuent,

e-t,%/eci", en /, no5, "e/ inci-o pi5eo "e/ ,t!cu/o n ($ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/.A/ con-,#, e-te pecepto un, po<i%ici1n "e ,p/ic,ci1n eto,cti'i"," "e /,

/e> pen,/F ,/ 5i-5o tie5po con-,#, un 5,n",to "e ,p/ic,ci1n pete,cti',

"e /, /e> pen,/.

E-t, "i-po-ici1n -eK,/, ?ue no -e pue"e i5pone ot, pen, ?ue /,

'i#ente ,/ 5o5ento "e /, co5i-i1n "e/ <ec<oF po /o ?ue e/ -enti"o "e/

pecepto inc/u>e t,5%in ?ue /, /e> pen,/ ,p/ic,%/e e- /, 'i#ente , e-e

5o5entoF -in e?uei ,"e58- ?ue -e encuente 'i#ente ,/ 5o5ento "e

"ict,ci1n "e /, -entenci,.

*eK,/, e/ po0e-o B,-cuK8n ?ue /, inte#,ci1n "e/ pincipio "e /,

0,'o,%i/i"," en /, e#/, "e i"enti0ic,ci1n "e /, /e> ,p/ic,%/eF t,e co5o

con-ecuenci, /, nece-i"," "e p,ctic, un e9,5en co5p,,ti'o "e/ conteni"o

no5,ti'oF -enti"o o -i#ni0ic,"o "e /, "i-po-ici1n "eo#,", > /, nue',

"i-po-ici1nF p,, con-t,t, ?ue pe-e ,/ c,5%io e9i-te continui",". *i e9i-te

un, -o/uci1n "e continui","F e- "eciF -i /, con"uct, <u%ie, "e&,"o "e -e

puni%/e o /, pen, <u%ie, "e&,"o "e -e ,p/ic,%/e en e/ nue'o -i-te5, "e

no5,- ?ue -e con0i#u1 con /, 5o"i0ic,ci1n /e#,/F entonce- <,%!, ?ue

,p/ic, eto,cti',5ente e-, nue', no5,ti', po -e /, /e> 58- 0,'o,%/e.

Peo po ot, p,te -i no e9i-te -o/uci1n "e continui","F > -ien"o /, nue', /e>

"e-0,'o,%/eF con0o5e ,/ ,t!cu/o n ($ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ e/ &ue; "e%e ,p/ic, pete,cti',5ente /, /e> pen,/ "eo#,",.7:

Concue",n con /o ,nteio "on Lui- Oti;F "on M,io 2,i"o Montt >

"on Eni?ue Cu>F ,/ -eK,/,F "u,nte /, t,5it,ci1n "e "i'e-o- po>ecto- "e7: B,-cuK8n Ro"!#ue;F AntonioF L, ,p/ic,ci1n "e /, Le> Pen,/ Deo#,",F Re'i-t, A%o#,"o N (7$ B,-cuK8n Ro"!#ue;F AntonioF L, ,p/ic,ci1n "e /, Le> Pen,/ Deo#,",F Re'i-t, A%o#,"o N (7

(3



/e> ?ue <,n ","o /u#, ,/ "e%,te -o%e e-t, cue-ti1nF ?ue -e "e%e "i-tin#ui

ente /, ',i,ci1n en /, 0o5, > /, continui"," en /, -u-t,nci, "e /, /e>F

-eK,/,n"o ?ue e-t, continui"," %,-t, p,, ,-e#u, /, pete,cti'i"," "e /, /e>

0,'o,%/e.$ E/ *. B,-cuK8n ,#e#, , /o ,nteio ?ue 0ente , /o- po%/e5,- "e

continui"," en /o- -upue-to- "e <ec<o "e "i-po-icione- -uce-i',-F popone

"i-tin#ui ente e/ t!tu/o e-pec!0ico "e inci5in,ci1n "e un, con"uct, > -u

puni%i/i","F -eK,/,n"o ?ue e/ c,5%io "e/ t!tu/o e-pec!0ico "e inci5in,ci1n

no o%-t, , /, ,p/ic,ci1n pete,cti', "e/ ,nteio t!tu/oF 5ient,- /, puni%i/i","

"e /, con"uct, &u;#,", -e 5,nten#, %,&o e/ nue'o t!tu/o "e inci5in,ci1n.$(

Contin=, -eK,/,n"o B,-cuK8n ?ueF t,t8n"o-e "e /, pen,/i"," "e un,

con"uct,F e- c/,o ?ue e/ pincipio con-titucion,/ "e po<i%ici1n "e ,p/ic,ci1n

eto,cti', ,"'e-, i5pi"e ?ue e/ c,5%io /e#i-/,ti'o ,0ecte "e-0,'o,%/e5ente

/, -itu,ci1n "e/ "e-tin,t,io "e /, no5, en cu,nto , /, 5,#nitu" "e /, pen,.

En 'itu" "e /o ,nteioF en ,?ue//o- c,-o- en ?ue /, <ip1te-i- /e#,/ -e

5,ntiene en 'i#oF peo c,5%i, "e u%ic,ci1n en e/ ,ticu/,"o "e/ C1"i#oF

co5o po e&e5p/oF /, <ip1te-i- "e coito ,n,/ <eteo-e9u,/F con-i"e,"o %,&o e/

i5peio "e /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1n co5o con-tituti'o "e ,%u-o- "e-<one-to-

,t!cu/o n 3@@ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/)F <o> con-tituti'o "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n

con-,#,"o en e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@(F /, 5o"i0ic,ci1n no tiene en -! 5i-5,

con-i"e,", 5,>o e0ecto -o%e /, puni%i/i"," "e /, con"uct,. C,5%i, /,

"eno5in,ci1n "e/ "e/ito "e ,%u-o- "e-<one-to- , 'io/,ci1n > e/ n=5eo

"e/ ,t!cu/oF peo en nin#=n c,-o e/ c,8cte puni%/e "e /, con"uct,.$

$$( B,-cuK8n Ro"!#ue;F AntonioF L, ,p/ic,ci1n "e /, Le> Pen,/ Deo#,",F Re'i-t, A%o#,"o N (7

$(

$ B,-cuK,n Ro"!#ue;F AntonioF C,t, en'i,", , /, Co5i-1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1nF Ju-tici, >Re#/,5ento "e/ *en,"oF ($ "e A%i/ "e (::7

(33



De ,cue"o , /o e9pue-to po e/ po0e-o B,-cuK8nF en /o- c,-o- en ?ue

con"uct,- con-tituti',- "e ,%u-o- "e-<one-to- -on con-i"e,",- po /, nue',

/e> co5o 'io/,ci1nF ,=n cu,n"o <, ',i,"o /, 0o5,F e- "eciF e/ ,ticu/,"o >

e/ t!tu/o e-pec!0ico "e inci5in,ci1nF e9i-te un, c/,, continui"," en /,-u-t,nci, "e /, /e>. De e-te 5o"o ,/ -e /, nue', no5,ti', "e-0,'o,%/eF

po 'e-e ,5p/i,"o e/ ,n#o "e pen, ,p/ic,%/eF coe-pon"e!, con0o5e /o

"i-pue-to po e/ ,t!cu/o n ($ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/ ,p/ic, pete,cti',5ente /,

/e> pen,/ "eo#,",.

L, poc, &ui-pu"enci, e9i-tente ,/ e-pecto -e <, inc/in,"o po /,

i5puni"," "e /o- i/!cito-F con-tituti'o- "e ,%u-o- "e-<one-to-F co5eti"o- con

,nteio , /, nue', /e>F > cu>,- -entenci,- "e t5ino -e encuent,n pen"iente-

,/ 5o5ento "e/ c,5%io "e /e#i-/,ci1n.

CAPÍTULO OCTAVO

#URISPRUDENCIA

(3



E-te c,p!tu/o tiene po o%&eto ,n,/i;, ,/#un, &ui-pu"enci, "e nue-to-

Ti%un,/e- "e Ju-tici,F e-pecto "e/ "e/ito 'io/,ci1nF co5p,,n"o -u

pen,/i"," > "i-po-icione- con /o e-t,%/eci"o en /, /e> ?ue -e ,n,/i;,.

A.- V"o)+c"4n H%+o c+%n+) po% &+ +n+)5

E/ poce-,"oF 2,%ie/ Jo#e Pe;o, M,tu-F 0ue con"en,"o po e/ ti%un,/

"e pi5e in-t,nci, co5o e-pon-,%/e "e cinco "e/ito- "e 'io/,ci1n > "o- "e

,%u-o- "e-<one-to-.

E/ 5o"o- ope,n"i "e/ <ec<o 0ue -i5i/, en to"o- /o- ,t,?ue-. En

cicun-t,nci,- ?ue /,- '!cti5,- c,5in,%,n po /, c,//e "e noc<eF -te /,-

,5en,;,%, con un ,5, "e 0ue#oF -u%in"o/,- , un 'e<!cu/o > //e'8n"o/,- ,

-itio- -o/it,io- en e/ cu,/F /,- o%/i#,%, , -uccion, -u peneF en un, oc,-i1n

-1/o e&ecu/1 -o%e /, '!cti5,F en oto c,-o e&ecut1 e/ ,cto c,n,/F into"ucien"o

-u pene po e/ ,no "e /, o0en"i", > en /o- + c,-o- e-t,nte- e&ecut,n"o /,

penet,ci1n po '!, ',#in,/. E- "e/ c,-o "e-t,c, ?ue /, penet,ci1n po '!,

,n,/F 0ue e-ti5,"o po e/ ti%un,/ "e pi5e in-t,nci, co5o con-tituti'o "e/

"e/ito "e ,%u-o- "e-<one-to-.

Con 0ec<, 3 "e &unio "e (::F /, Cote "e Ape/,cione- "e *,nti,#oF

conocien"o "e/ ecu-o "e ,pe/,ci1n intepue-toF en -u -entenci, ,n,/i;, e/

,t,?ue -u0i"o po /, &o'en *.E.6.C.F , ?uien e/ poce-,"o o%/i#1 , 5,ntene

t,to c,n,/F into"ucin"o/e e/ pene po e/ ,noF -itu,ci1n ?ue 0ue c,/i0ic,"o

po e/ ti%un,/ "e pi5e, in-t,nci, co5o ,%u-o- "e-<one-to-F c,/i0ic,ci1n ?ue/, Cote e'oc,F po e-ti5, ?ue "ic<o- <ec<o- con-titu>en e/ "e/ito "e

'io/,ci1nF 0un","o en ?ue /, 'io/enci, c,n,/ "e into"ucci1n "e/ pene po e/

,no "e /, 5u&e "e%e c,/i0ic,-e &u!"ic,5ente "e 'io/,ci1nF ,/ "e0ini/o e/

C1"i#o Pen,/ co5o e/ <ec<o "e >,ce con un, 5u&eF > >,ce -i#ni0ic,F -e#=n

(3+



e/ Diccion,io "e Re,/ Ac,"e5i,F tene t,to c,n,/ con un, pe-on, -in

"i-tin#ui -i e/ ,cce-o e- no5,/ o ,no5,/.

En con-ecuenci,F 0ue -,ncion,"o e/ poce-,"o co5o ,uto "e 'io/,ci1n

> no ,%u-o- "e-<one-to- co5o 0ue, ,cu-,"o. A-! e/ poce-,"o e-u/t1e-pon-,%/e "e -ei- "e/ito- "e 'io/,ci1n > uno "e ,%u-o- "e-<one-to-. *e "e&,

con-t,nci, en e/ 0,//o ?ue e/ Mini-to "on Ju,n 2u;58n T,pi,F no co5p,te

e-t, c,/i0ic,ci1n "e /o- <ec<o-F to", 'e; ?ue en -u conceptoF p,, ?ue -e

con0i#ue e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n e-u/t, in"i-pen-,%/e e/ coito po '!, no5,/.

Dic<o 0,//o 0ue "ict,"o po /o- Mini-to- *,. R,?ue/ C,5pu-,no E.F >

*e#io 2u;58n R.F con e/ 'oto "i-i"ente "e "on Ju,n 2u;58n T.$3

Lo ,nteio ", cuent, "e un po%/e5, ?ue -e 'en!, ,,-t,n"o "e-"e

<,ce tie5po en cu,nto , ?ue e/ ,cce-o c,n,/ po '!, ,n,/ , un, 5u&eF e- i#u,/

"e #,'e > ,tent,toio cont, -u /i%et," -e9u,/F co5o e/ ,cce-o po '!,

',#in,/F "octin, ?ue 0ue eco#i", po /, nue', Le> n (:.@(7F "e 5o"o ?ue

e-te 0,//o -e ,"e/,nt1 , /,- 5o"i0ic,cione- into"uci",- ,/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n

5e"i,nte /, nue', /e#i-/,ci1n.

!.- E) P%"nc"p"o 'e Eec$c"4n.

*e in-tu>1 -u5,io en e/ Ju;#,"o "e/ Ci5en "e L, C,/e, p,,

in'e-ti#, e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n "e C.C.2.E.F <ec<o -uce"i"o e/ $ "e ,#o-to

"e (:$: , /,- (3 <o,- ,po9i5,",5enteF en e/ c,//e&1n 2ue,F cec,no ,/

C,5ino Inten,cion,/ > , /, /!ne, 0e,.

En e/ cu-o "e/ -u5,io -e inteo#1 ,/ incu/p,"o en,n"o "e /, Cu;

E-co%, Ro"!#ue;F ?uien con0e-1 <,%e peten"i"o tene e/,cione- -e9u,/e-

con C.C.2.EF , ?uien ten"i1 en e/ -ue/o > /e o5pi1 /o- c,/;one- con un,

$3 Re'i-t, "e Deec<o > Jui-pu"enci, > 2,cet, "e /o- Ti%un,/e-F AKo (::F To5o LI F -e#un", p,teF-ecci1n cu,t,F p8#in, ((.

(3@



ti&e, ?ue 5,ne&,%,F peo C.C.2.E 0oce&e1 <,-t, ?ue ,p,eci1 un te-ti#o ?ue

inte'ino e <i;o ce-, e/ ,-e"io. P,-,"o un 5o5ento -e <i;o pe-ente e/

Cuepo "e C,,%ineo- ?uien //e'1 ,/ cu,te/ ,/ incu/p,"o > , /, niK,.

Po -entenci, "e pi5e, in-t,nci, 0ue "ec/,,"o poce-,"o en,n"oDe /, Cu; E-co%, co5o ,uto "e 'io/,ci1n 0u-t,",F > ,cu-,"o po e/ 5i-5o

"e/itoF -ien"o con"en,"o , te- ,Ko- > un "!, "e pe-i"io 5eno en -u #,"o

5!ni5oF 58- ,cce-oi,- co5o ,uto "e 'io/,ci1n.

Re5iti", /, c,u-, en con-u/t, , /, Cote "e Ape/,cione- "e 6,/p,,!-oF

e/ *. i-c,/ pi"i1 ?ue -e con"en,, ,/ poce-,"o co5o ,uto "e tent,ti', "e

'io/,ci1nF , /, pen, "e -e-ent, > un "!,- "e ec/u-i1n.

6i-t, /, c,u-, en "ic<, CoteF e-te ti%un,/F ,un?ue ,cept1 /, te-i- "e/

*. i-c,/F e-ti51 ?ue e/ "e/ito co5eti"o /o 0ue en e/ c,8cte "e tent,ti',F po

/o ?ue con"en1 ,/ poce-,"o , /, pen, ?ue /e <,%!, ,p/ic,"o e/ &ue; "e pi5e,

in-t,nci, po?ue conc/u>e ?ue "e%!, ,p/ic,-e e/ ,t. 3@ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F

?ue c,-ti#, /, tent,ti', "e 'io/,ci1n co5o "e/ito con-u5,"o.

E/ *. i-c,/ ecui1 "e c,-,ci1n en e/ 0on"o en cont, "e/ 0,//o "e /,

Cote > -e 0un"1 p,, e//o en ?ue /o- -entenci,"oe- "e -e#un", in-t,nci,F

,un?ue c,/i0ic,on e/ <ec<o coect,5ente co5o intento "e 'io/,ci1nF

co5etieon eo "e "eec<o ,/ ,p/ic, ,/ con"en,"o /, pen, "e te- ,Ko- > un

"!, co5o ,uto "e 'io/,ci1n con-u5,",.

L, E9ce/ent!-i5, Cote *upe5, 5e"i,nte -entenci, "ict,", con 0ec<,

( "e *eptie5%e "e (::F e-pecto "e/ ,/u"i"o ecu-o "e c,-,ci1n en e/

0on"oF "ete5in1 ?ue e/ ,cto "e ten"e , /, 5u&e en e/ -ue/oF /e',nt,/e /o-'e-ti"o-F -,c,/e /o- c,/;one- > cu%i/, 5ient,- -t, 0oce&e, p,, ;,0,-e "e

/, ,#e-i1nF con-titu>en <ec<o- "iecto- "e-tin,"o- , con-u5, e/ coito

0o;,"o peo no i5pot,n un pincipio "e e&ecuci1n "e/ "e/ito -ino -e

co5pue%, un co5ien;o "e into"ucci1n "e/ pene en /, ',#in, "e /, '!cti5,.

(37



A/ no ,p,ece e-t, =/ti5, cicun-t,nci, e-t,%/eci", en /, -entenci,F no pu"o

i5pone-e ,/ poce-,"o /, pen, ?ue coe-pon"!, ,/ "e/ito con-u5,"o "e

'io/,ci1n -in in0in#i e/ ,nti#uo N ( "e/ inci-o -e#un"o "e/ ,t!cu/o 3@( "e/

C1"i#o Pen,/ > /o- ,t!cu/o- 3@F 7 > + "e/ 5i-5o C1"i#o.En con-ecuenci, poce"!, ,co#e e/ ecu-o "e c,-,ci1n en e/ 0on"o

-u-tent,"o en /, c,u-,/ (\ "e/ ,t!cu/o +@ "e/ C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/

e in',/i", /, -entenci, "e ?ue -e t,t,.

L, -entenci, "e e5p/,;o -eK,/1 ?ue -i no <u%o co5ien;o "e

into"ucci1n "e/ 5ie5%o 'ii/ en /, ',#in, "e /, 5u&e o0en"i", no poce"!,

tene po e-t,%/eci"o e/ pincipio "e e&ecuci1n "e/ ,cto -e9u,/ 0o;,"o ?ue e/

,uto peten"i1 e&ecut,. *i /o- <ec<o- ?ue /, -entenci, ecui", e-ti51

co5po%,"o- e-tu'ieon "ii#i"o- , un, 0in,/i"," -e9u,/ ec<,;,", po /,

'!cti5,F ,un?ue 0,/t,on oto- p,, e/ inicio "e /, c1pu/,F e/ "e/ito "e%e

e-ti5,-e en #,"o "e tent,ti',. *e ,po%1 /, -entenci, con-u/t,", con

"ec/,,ci1n ?ue -e ,p/ic,e ,/ <ec<o /, pen, copo,/ "e un ,Ko "e pe-i"io

5eno en -u #,"o 5!ni5o en cu,nto ,uto "e tent,ti', "e 'io/,ci1n.$

Con0o5e , /, ,ctu,/ /e#i-/,ci1nF no e9i-te /, "i-cu-i1n e-pecto "e /,

e9i-tenci, "e/ pincipio "e e&ecuci1nF ni t,5poco en cu,nto ,/ -enti"o >

,/c,nce "e /, "i-po-ici1n conteni"o en e/ ,nteio ,t!cu/o n 3@ "e/ C1"i#o

Pen,/F po <,%e -i"o "eo#,"o "ic<o peceptoF ?ue",n"o -u&et, /, -itu,ci1n

,nteio5ente "e-cit, , /,- e#/,- #ene,/ "e/ Ite Ci5ini-.

De e-te 5o"oF ,/ encont,-e e-t,%/eci"o po e/ ti%un,/ "e pi5e,in-t,nci, /, intenci1n "e/ <ec<o "e tene e/,cione- -e9u,/e- con /, '!cti5, >

?ue -t, $8'4&%3%' -6)- <% -;-4%&+ / )%6)+5' <% +/)%4*+/' % +9' &%6-4 %,

-6%+BF poce"eF en 5i opini1nF con"en, ,/ <ec<oF "e <,%e-e co5eti"o e/

$ Re'i-t, "e Deec<o > Jui-pu"enci, > 2,cet, "e /o- Ti%un,/e-F AKo (:: To5o L6IIF N 3F p8# ((7

(3$



<ec<o %,&o e/ i5peio "e /, ,ctu,/ no5,ti',F co5o ,uto "e/ "e/ito 0u-t,"o

"e 'io/,ci1nF to", 'e; ?ueF -e#=n /o "i-pone e/ ,t!cu/o n 7 "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F

<,> "e/ito 0u-t,"o cu,n"o e/ "e/incuente pone "e -u p,te to"o /o nece-,io

p,, ?ue e/ "e/ito -e con-u5e > e-to no -e 'ei0ic, po c,u-,- in"epen"iente-"e -u 'o/unt,"F en e-te c,-oF /, inte'enci1n "e un teceo ?uien <i;o ce-, e/

,-e"io. Coe-pon"e!,F ,-! ,p/ic, ,/ -u&eto ,cti'o "e t,/ con"uct,F "e

con0o5i"," , /o "i-pue-to en e/ ,t!cu/o +( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F un, pen, "e

pe-i"io 5eno en -u #,"o 5e"io , pe-i"io 5,>o en -u #,"o 5!ni5oF e-to

e-F con un, pen, ?ue ', "e-"e /o- ?uiniento- cu,ent, > un "!,- , "ie; ,Ko- "e

pe-i"io.

De/ ,n8/i-i- ,nteioF -e "e-pen"e ?ue /, pen, 5!ni5, ,p/ic,%/e en

'itu" "e /, nue', /e#i-/,ci1n e- -upeio , /, pen, e0ecti',5ente ,p/ic,", ,

e-t, -itu,ci1n %,&o e/ i5peio "e /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1nF cu>o ,n#o e, "e

-e-ent, > un "!,- , te- ,Ko- "e pe-i"ioF -ien"o con"en,"o en e/ e-te c,-o

e-pec!0ico e/ ,uto , un ,Ko "e pe-i"io.

C.- De)"o, "ne%/e'"o,

L, Cote "e Ape/,cione- "e *,nti,#o -eK,/1 5e"i,nte -entenci, "ict,",

con 0ec<, (3 "e Junio "e/ ,Ko F en /, c,u-, Ro/ In#e-o "e Cote n

$(.(+((:::F e-pecto "e un "e/ito "e ,%u-o- "e-<one-to- co5eti"o %,&o e/

(3:



i5peio "e /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1n /o -i#uiente

$1°.7 % ,- L% 1.!1" +/)4'3' 6%*%4-6 ('+8+&-&+'/%6 - ,'6

)+;'6 ;%/-,%6 <% ;4%)%/%/ ;4')%5%4 ,'6 +%/%6 34+&'6 % ,-

,+%4)- ,- -)'/'(- 6%-,%6? %/)4% %,,'6? %, %, -4)&,' =!! %, C+5' P%/-,? <% - ,- ;'&- % ,'6 %&'6 <% 6% +/*%6)+5?

%6)' %6? -6)- 6%;)+%(4% % 1"? %6&4+- 6-/&+'/-- %, %,+)'

% -6'6 %6'/%6)'6

2°.7 % ,- /%*- /'4(-)+*- %6 -6)-/)% (6 -&')-- <% ,-

;4%%+6)%/)%.

E/ %8%&)'? %, &+)-' -4)&,' =!! &-6)+5-- -, <% $-6-4%

%6'/%6)-(%/)%B? 6+/ (6? -6 % -(;,+'.

E6- 8+54- 6% %65,'6- -'4- %/ &-)4' -4)&,'6? %6% %, =!!

-6)- %, =!! <-)%4? %*+%/)%(%/)% (6 ;4%&+6'6 <% ,-

-/)%&%6'4- %;4%6+/ -+%4)-? &'(' 6% %6;4%/% % 6 6',-

,%&)4-

=°.7 %? %/ %6% 6%/)+'? ,- /%*- ,% 4%6,)- 6%4 (6 8-*'4-,% -

,-6 ;%46'/-6 <% - ,- 8%&- % 6 %/)4-- %/ *+5%/&+- 12 % 3,+'

% 1 7 6% -,,-4%/ %/ ,- 6+)-&+/ ;4'&%6-, % +(;)-'6?

+/&,;-'6? ;4'&%6-'6? -&6-'6 ' 6%/)%/&+-'6 ;'4 /' ' (6

%,+)'6 % -6'6 %6'/%6)'6 '&44+'6 &'/ -/)%4+'4+-? %6)-/'

;%/+%/)% ,- 6%/)%/&+- % )4(+/'? %/ &-/)' %,,- %+(% -'4- %

)'- ;%/- -,5/-6 &'/&)-6 <%? -)%/+- ,- '(/+&'(;4%6+*+-

% ,- +6;'6+&+/ ;4%&%%/)% ,-6 ;4%&+6+'/%6 % ,-6 ;4%6%/)%6? ;'4-/ -%4 <%-' -&)-,(%/)% ,%5+)+(--6

(



° % &'(' /-- ;4%&%;) ,- /%*- ,%5+6,-&+/ &'/ 4%6;%&)' -

,'6 +,&+)'6 % ,- %6;%&+% -&'/)%&+'6 -/)%6 %, 12 % 3,+' % 1

&'6 ;4'&%6'6 6% -,,--/ - %6- -)- &'/ 6%/)%/&+- % )4(+/'

;%/+%/)%? %6 %, &-6' -;,+&-4 %, ;4+/&+;+' 6+&' %, %4%&' 6-/&+'/-)'4+'? 4%&'5+' ;'4 ,'6 -4)&,'6 1 /° = +/&+6' ;%/@,)+('

% ,- C'/6)+)&+/ P',)+&- +/&+6' 6%5/' %, C+5' P%/-,?

&'/ ,- &'/6%&%/&+- % 4+5'4: ,- -6',&+/ %, -&6-'?

+6&4%;-/' % %6)- (-/%4- ,- C'4)% &'/ %, +&)-(%/ % 8'3-6 !.

P'4 %6)-6 &'/6+%4-&+'/%6 %/ -)%/&+/? )-(+/? - ,' <% ;4%&%;)@-/

,'6 -4)&,'6 1 %, C+5' P%/-,? 2 +6? ! +6 = %, ;4'&%+(+%/)' %,

4-('? 6% 4%*'&- %, 4%8%4+' 8-,,' 6% %&,-4- %/ 6 ,5-4 <% 6% -6%,*% -

J.P.C. % ,- -&6-&+/ <% 6% 8'4(, .....B

E-te 0,//o 0ue "ict,"o po /o- Mini-to- -eKo C,/o- Ce", en8n"e;F

-eKo, 2,%ie/, Pe; P,e"e- > -eKo Jo#e D,<5 O>,;=n.

*i %ien e-t, c,u-, no -e e0iee e-pec!0ic,5ente , un, con"uct, ?ue %,&o

e/ i5peio "e /, ,ctu,/ /e#i-/,ci1n con-titu>e e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF e/

0un",5ento in'oc,"o en "ic<, -entenci,F e- p/en,5ente ,p/ic,%/e , /,-

-itu,cione- p/,nte,",- en e/ C,p!tu/o *pti5oF "octin, ?ue e-p,/", /,

i5puni"," "e e-to- "e/ito-.

((



Po -u p,te e-u/t, intee-,nte /o e9pue-to en e/ con-i"e,n"o cu,to "e

/, -entenci, "e ,/;,",F en cu,nto -eK,/, ?ue /o- pincipio- %8-ico- "e/ "eec<o

-,ncion,toio "e /o- ,t!cu/o- (: n 3 "e /, Con-tituci1n Po/!tic, "e /,

Rep=%/ic, > n ($ "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F -on ,p/ic,%/e-F to", 'e; ?ue /, nue',/e#i-/,ci1n n,", peceptu1 con e-pecto , /o- i/!cito- ,conteci"o- ,nte- "e (

"e &u/io "e (::: 0ec<, "e ent,", en 'i#enci, "e /, /e>) > cu>o- poce-o- -e

<,//,%,n , e-, ",t, con -entenci, "e t5ino pen"iente. Lo ,nteio no-

-u#iee ?ue t,/ 'e; -e <,%!, e'it,"o /, i5puni"," "e "e/ito- t,n epoc<,%/e-

co5o /o- "e/ito- -e9u,/e- "e <,%e-e pe'i-to en /, Le> n (:.@(7 /, -itu,ci1n

"e -to-.

(



CONCLUSIÓN

4, -i"o un ,#,"o "e-cu%i 5e"i,nte e/ pe-ente t,%,&o ?ue en

t5ino- #ene,/e- /, Nue', Le> "e De/ito- *e9u,/e- 'iene en -u%-,n,F en#,n 5e"i", /o- po%/e5,- ?ue pe-ent,%, nue-t, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1n ,/

e-pecto.

Re'i-ten 'it,/ i5pot,nci, /,- 5o"i0ic,cione- ?ue <,n te5in,"o con /,-

"i-cu-ione- "octin,i,- > /, &ui-pu"enci, "i-pe-, en e-t, 5,tei,F t,/ co5o

/, "eo#,ci1n "e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@ ?ue 'e-,%, -o%e e/ pincipio "e e&ecuci1nF

?ue",n"o e/ ite ci5ini- "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n ente#,"o , /,- e#/,-

#ene,/e-F po /o ?ue "e%e enten"e-e con-u5,"o e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n

e9i-tien"o ,=n penet,ci1n p,ci,/ "e/ 5ie5%o 'ii/ en ,/#uno "e /o- oi0icio-

n,tu,/e- enunci,",- en e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/.

A -u 'e;F -e <,n -u%-,n,"o /o- po%/e5,- "e intepet,ci1n "e/ 'oc,%/o

>,ceF e5p/e,"o po e/ ,t!cu/o n 3@( "e/ C1"i#o Pen,/F en cu,nto -i -te

"e%!, enten"e-e e9ten-i'o o no , /, penet,ci1n ,n,/F 5e"i,nte /, enunci,ci1n

e9pe-, "e /,- 0o5,- "e penet,ci1n ?ue inte#,n e/ tipo pen,/. Mo"i0ic,ci1n

?ue ,"e58- pe5ite ,5p,, con 5,>o e0ic,ci, e/ %ien &u!"ico pote#i"o

/i%et," -e9u,/ "e /, pe-on,F o /, in"e5ni"," -e9u,/ -e#=n /, e"," "e /,

'!cti5,.

En cu,nto ,/ -u&eto ,cti'o "e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1nF c,%e <,ce pe-ente

?ue /, popue-t, inici,/ "e/ 5en-,&e Pe-i"enci,/ "e incopo, , /, 5u&e

co5o t,/ -e pe"i1 en /, "i-cu-i1n P,/,5ent,i, > en "e0initi', ?ue"1e9c/ui", /, 5u&e co5o -u&eto ,cti'o "e e-te "e/ito en ,;1n "e/ t5ino

e5p/e,"o po e/ nue'o ,t!cu/o n 3@(F e-to e-F $-&&%% &-4/-,(%/)%BF > no

po un, "i-cu-i1n e-pec!0ic, "e /o- /e#i-/,"oe- ,/ e-pecto.

(3



Lo ,nteio no- //e', , "ete5in, ?ue t,nto en e/ "e/ito "e 'io/,ci1n

co5o en e/ nue'o "e/ito "e -o"o5!, e/ /e#i-/,"o <, e-ti5,"o ?ue -1/o tienen

/, c,/i"," "e '!cti5, /o- penet,"o-. No pe'ee /, /e> /, po-i%i/i"," ciet, "e

?ue -e, '!cti5, "e un "e/ito -e9u,/ ,?ue/ ?ue e- o%/i#,"o o in"uci"o , penet, , otoF co5o e- /, -itu,ci1n ,n,/i;,", en e-te t,%,&o e-pecto "e un,

5u&e ?ue ,%u-,n"o "e -u e9peienci, -e9u,/ /o#, ?ue un 5eno "e "oce ,Ko-

/, peneteF o e-pecto "e /, -o"o5!, en ?ue -1/o con-titui!, "e/ito e/ <ec<o "e

?ue un 5,>o "e e"," ,cce", , un 5eno > no ,/ e'-.

C,%e to5, en con-i"e,ci1n ,/ e-pecto ?ue /, 0i#u, e-i"u,/ e9i-tente

en e-t, 5,tei, %,&o e/ i5peio "e /, ,nteio /e#i-/,ci1nF e-to e-F $-6'6

%6'/%6)'6B <, -i"o ee5p/,;,"o po e/ "e/ito "e ,%u-o- -e9u,/e-F i/!cito ?ue

e- 58- e-tin#i"o ?ue -u ,ntece-o. Lo- ,t!cu/o- 3@@ > -i#uiente- ?ue

tipi0ic,n e-te nue'o "e/ito -e e0ieen e9c/u-i',5ente , un, $-&&+/ 6%-,

+6)+/)- -, -&&%6' &-4/-,B.

De e-te 5o"oF /,- con"uct,-F en co5entoF ?ue -onF , 5i p,eceF

pen,/5ente epoc<,%/e- > ,tent,toio- , /, /i%et," -e9u,/ o in"e5ni","

-e9u,/F -e#=n e/ c,-oF con e-t, nue', /e#i-/,ci1n <,n ?ue","o co5p/et,5ente

i5pune-F "e%i"o , ?ue ,/ no e9i-ti penet,ci1n po p,te "e/ -u&eto ,cti'oF

-ino 58- %ien ,cce-o c,n,/ , -teF no encu,",n e-t,- con"uct,- en /o- "e/ito-

"e 'io/,ci1n > -o"o5!, conte5p/,",- en /, Le> n (:.@(7F > po ot, p,teF ,/

e9i-ti ,cce-o c,n,/ no pue"en -e con-i"e,"o- co5o ,%u-o- -e9u,/e-.

Oto punto peocup,nte /o con-titu>e e/ po%/e5, "e /, eto,cti'i","

"e /, /e> pen,/ ?ue -e po"uce co5o con-ecuenci, "e/ c,5%io "e tipi0ic,ci1n >"e /,- pen,/i","e- "e /,- con"uct,- i/!cit,- ,c,eci"o- "u,nte /, 'i#enci, "e /,

,nteio /e#i-/,ci1n > cu>o- poce-o- , /, 0ec<, "e ent,", en 'i#enci, "e /,

Le> n (:.@(7 -e <,//,%,n con -entenci, "e te5ino pen"iente. En "e0initi',

en 'itu" "e /o e9pue-to en e/ C,p!tu/o *pti5oF > "e /, &ui-pu"enci,

(



e9i-tente ,/ e-pectoF e-t, po%/e58tic, p,ecie, tene co5o =nic, -o/uci1n /,

i5puni"," "e e-to- <ec<o-. En 5i opini1n /o 58- #,'e e- ?ue e-t, -itu,ci1n

"e i5puni"," -e po"!, <,%e e'it,"o 5e"i,nte /, inc/u-i1n en /, Le> N

(:.@(7 "e ,/#un, "i-po-ici1n ?ue e#u/,, e-te po%/e5,.

(+



(@



!I!LIOGRA2ÍA

Le> N (:.@(7F ;,+&-- %/ %, D+-4+' O8+&+-, %, 12 % J,+' % 1? <%('+8+&- %, C+5' P%/-,? E, C+5' % P4'&%+(+%/)' P%/-, ')4'6

&%4;'6 ,%5-,%6 %/ (-)%4+-6 4%,-)+*-6 -, %,+)' % *+',-&+/.

Le> N (:.73F ;,+&-- %/ %, D+-4+' O8+&+-, %, 0 % J/+' % 2001? <%

D%4'5- ,- P%/- % M%4)%.

C1"i#o Pen,/ C<i/eno.

C1"i#o "e Poce"i5iento Pen,/ C<i/eno.

Le> N ($.(@F ;,+&-- %/ %, D+-4+' O8+&+-, %, 1 % M-' % 1=? <%

%6)-,%&% (%+-6 <% +/+&- &'(' -,)%4/-)+*-6 - ,-6 ;%/-6 ;4+*-)+*-6 '

4%6)4+&)+*-6 % ,+%4)- %4'5- +6;'6+&+'/%6 <% 6%>-,-.

Deceto Le> N 3( ? ;,+&-- %/ %, D+-4+' O8+&+-, %, 10 % (-49' %

12? 6'4% ,- L+%4)- C'/+&+'/-,.

Bo/et!n n ($7(F "e /, Co5i-i1n "e Con-tituci1nF Le#i-/,ci1n >

Ju-tici, "e /, C85,, "e Diput,"o-.

Bo/et!n n ($73 ? T%4&%4 I/8'4(% % ,- C'(+6+/ % C'/6)+)&+/?

L%5+6,-&+/ J6)+&+- % ,- C(-4- % D+;)-'6.

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el delito de violacion en la ley n 19.617

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