ciudades innovadoras: clusters para la promoción económica local (es)/ innovative cities: clusters...

8/2/2019 Ciudades Innovadoras: clusters para la promocin econmica local (Es)/ Innovative Cities: clusters to promote local economy (Spanish)/ Hiri Berritzaileak: klusterrak ekonomia lo

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OD]PGMYHHOD

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Hgjg xikckd Pgmpfyi~ Rgxi ,;??


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OD]PGMYHHOD

0$ Ic jgmicg mi mixkppgccg pifogdkc id ic Rkx Qkxhg> mi ck piodmyx}pokco~khod k cgx hcyx}i

Ckx rgc}ohkx ihgdjohkx mi ck ngqid kmjodox}pkhoqkxhk jy xod}}ohkjid}i rgmijgx kfpyrkpckx id }pixripogmgx i{yoqkcid}ix k ckx c}ojkx mhkmkx$ Kx# ic rpopg mi iccgx# }kc hgjg {yimk rk}id}i id ic hykmpg kmnyd}g# xi hkpkh}ipo~k`k rgp ck pihgdqipxod piodmyx}pokhod mic Rkx Qkxhg$ Ck mhkmk mi cgx ?2 }idk hgjg iqip}i`pkmgp mi ck rgc}ohk odx}o}yhogdkc qkxhk ck hgjr}oqomkm# joid}pkx {yi id ck mhkmk kh}ykc ix}k jkphkrgp cg {yi xi lk qidomg k midgjodkp hgjg xifydmk fpkd}pkdxagpjkhod mi Iyxekmo mixhkdxk xg`pi ck hgjri}o}oqomkm kqkd~kmk$

RPGHIXG MI MIXKPPGCCG ID CK HKRQ

O RIPOGMG


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OD]PGMYHHOD

od}ipdkhogdkc$ Ck }pkdxagpjkhod mi yd jgmicg xyni}g kcgx lompghkp`ypgx `kpk}gx hgjg akh}gp idipf}ohg# rpg*myhhod jkxoqk kc}kjid}i ix}kdmkpo~kmk kd}i jiphkmgxxk}ypkmgx g {yi i|ofkd moqipxoaohkhod mi cgx rpgmyh}grpimgjodog mi jkdg mi g`pk xod hykcoaohkhod# jgmicgmi rpgmyhhod id hkmidk # id ixrihokc# ck hgdhid}pkhodid }gpdg k fpkdmix ijrpixkx ijrpixkpogx ipkd ckx hkpkh*}ipx}ohkx mi dyix}pg xox}ijk rpgmyh}oqg {yi fidipk`k kxo*joxjg yd ojrgp}kd}i i|himid}i mi jkdg mi g`pk mix*ijrcig$

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midhok mi ck odhgprgpkhod mi Ixrkk k ck HII$ Ck iqg*cyhod mic RO@ id ixi ripogmg rkxk mi hpihojoid}gx difk*}oqgx k ydk }idmidhok rgxo}oqk mixmi ic kg


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OD]PGMYHHOD

rg}idhokc ay}ypg mi ck ihgdgjk qkxhk midgjodkmg Ckqid}knk hgjri}o}oqk mi Iyxekmo$

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Id cgx ?2 dgx idhgd}pkjgx hgd ydk pimyhhod xyx}kd*hokc mic mixijrcig k rkp}op mi jo}km mi ck mhkmk$ Ic RO}ghk xy jdojg hgd yd hpihojoid}g difk}oqg mic *2#0 *

;#6 id ic ?0 ?8 rgx}ipogp hpihojoid}g jkd}idomgmypkd}i }gmg ic ripogmg$ Ck hgdx}o}yhod mic Jiphkmdohg Iypgrig id ic ?8 ojrgdi pifckx mi nyifg moaipid*}ix id ck ridi}pkhod mi cgx dyiqgx jiphkmgx {yi xi k`pidid ck Iypgrk mi cgx ;0 rgx}ipogpjid}i ;9$ Ck fpkdpihgdqipxod xyapomk rgxohogdk k ckx r jix id ic Rkx Qkhg hgjg icijid}g hckqi mi dyix}pg hpihojoid}g idixrihokc mi ck fidipkhod jkd}idojoid}g mi ijrcig$Ripg xod cyfkp k mymkx# ix}gx moi~ kgx ix}yqoipgd jkpmgx rgp mgx qih}gpix> ck hgjri}o}oqomkm ijrpixkpokc fpkdmix odqipxogdix {yi id ic jkphg mic Rckd Od}ipodx}o}


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OD]PGMYHHOD

pkx mi }icihgjydohkhogdix rgp c}ojg ck pimyhhod michgdxyjg idipf}ohg# ic ojrkh}g kj`oid}kc ck mirid*midhok xgd icijid}gx {yi k }pkqx mic IQI xi rckd}ik mix*kppgcckp$

Ic Rpgfpkjk 8P g mi kh}ykhogdix i|}pkgpmodkpokx rkpkijrpixkx odmyx}pokcix id moaohyc}kmix ,k ymkx# xy`qidhogdix k agdmg ripmomg# kqkcix# hgdmgdkhod mi miymk#$$rgdi aod k ck i}krk kd}ipogp mi pihgdqipxod od}id}kdmgaonkp yd jkrk xg`pi ck qok`ocomkm mi ckx fpkdmix ijrpixkx{yi id}gdhix i|ox}kd$ Id ckx hgjkphkx id mihcoqi# xypfidckx xghoimkmix XGP]Y {yi mixmi ck rpg|ojomkm od}id}kdodhomop id pickd~kjoid}gx ijrpixkpokcix g dyiqgx rpg ih*}gx mi fpkd odqipxod$ K ix}kx xghoimkmix xi cix mg}k mi yodx}pyjid}g mi odhid}oqgx midgjodkmg FKPKRID {yimoaipidhok`k rpg ih}gx ix}pk}fohgx hgd odqipxogdix xyri*pogpix k cgx 12J # dyiqgx rpg ih}gx ,0#9J / rpg ih*}gx mi dyiqkx ijrpixkx$ @kng ckx mopih}pohix mi ck rgc}oh

hgjydo}kpok xi hgdx}o}y id ckx xghoimkmix @yxodixx Oddqk}ogd Hid}ip hgd ic g`ni}oqg mi krg kp ck hpikhod miijrpixkx mi `kxi }ihdgcfohk$ Kxojoxjg xi rpgjyiqiddyiqgx odx}pyjid}gx rkpk jingpkp ic xox}ijk aodkdhoipg ijipfid dyiqi hcyx}ipx rpogpo}kpogx {yi xi odhcykd id icodagpji Jgdo}gp xg`pi moqipxgx hcyx}ipx$

Ck hkcomkm hip}oaohkhogdix# k fpkdmix pkxfgx# hgdrgc}ohk mi od}ipdkhogdkco~khod aydmkjid}kd# k doqicodx}pyjid}kc# ic g`ni}oqg mi hgjri}o}oqomkm$ Xi hgdx}o}y*

id moqipxkx id}omkmix id ic Rpgfpkjk mi Hgjri}o}oqomkm


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OD]PGMYHHOD

fpixoqk mi gpoid}khogdix jx ix}pk}fohkx$ Ic ijrcig dgg`x}kd}i hgdx}poi dg}k`cijid}i ckx rgc}ohkx ihgdjo*hkx# jkphdmgxi id yd rckdg mix}khkmg ic g`ni}oqg mixgcomkpomkm od}ip}ippo}gpokc hgd ckx pikx jx mifpkmhgd ck pixrgdxkòcomkm mic }inomg rpgmyh}oqg id ck hhod mi dyiqgx ryix}gx mi }pk`kng$ Ck }iphokpo~khod rfpixoqk id }gpdg k ijrpixkx mi xipqohogx# k rixkp mi xip icfpkd fidipkmgp mi dyiqkx grgp}ydomkmix ck`gpkcix# dgidhyid}pk piapidmg do yd krg g i|rcho}g id ck rgc}ohkodx}o}yhogdkc# jx kcc mi yd rkric }g}kcjid}i xy`xomokpmi ck odmyx}pok$ K aodkcix mi ixi ripgmg xi hgjoid~kriphoòp ic aidjidg mi ck fcg`kco~khod# {yi ydomg k ckkrip}ypk miaodo}oqk mic jiphkmg id ck Iypgrk Hgjydo}k*pok ck pioqodmohkhod id ic ixrkhog iypgrig mic rixgpifogdkc ckx i|rih}k}oqkx di}kjid}i cghkcix xi ixhgdmid idic òdgjog pifogdkc'cghkc$ Rgp g}pk rkp}i# ix}k i}krk ixmi}ipjodkd}i id ck kh}ykcomkm k {yi xi aonkpgd ckx `kxodqipxogdix gpfkdoxjgx mi fix}od rkpk ic ay}ypg$

Kd}i ix}g xckjid}i rgmijgx hkcoaohkp mi ixhkxk gdyck ck rkp}ohorkhod mi ckx odx}o}yhogdix cghkcix imoxig i ojrcijid}khod mic jkphg fidipkc mi kh}ykhod$ Kx# cgx XGP]Y dkhid k rixkp mi moxrgdip id jyhlkxhgjkphkx mi rg}id}ix xghoimkmix mi rpgjghod cghkc# ckrckdoaohkhod ix}pk}fohk cghkc dg ix od}iprpi}kmk do kjomk rgp ck pifod jkd}oidi ydk pickhod mi ojrgxo*hod hgd ic jò}g cghkc hgd rpgfpkjkx ix}kdmkpo~kmgxid xyicg odmyx}pokc# r jix$ Rgp xy rkp}i# cgx jydohorogx grgdid k ck hgck`gpkhod id ic rpgfpkjk mi odhid}oqgx


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OD]PGMYHHOD

}fohg mi Cox`gk id yd jkphg mi fcg`kco~khod ckx dyi*qkx ix}pk}ifokx rkpk piqo}kco~kp ck Kfidmk mi Cox`gk id0229 jkphkd ic hgd}i|}g ckx mopih}pohix id ckx {yi xiidfcg`k ck rgc}ohk mi hgjri}o}oqomkm mi ix}i ripogmg$

Cg {yi xi lk qidomg k midgjodkp ck xifydmk fpkd}pkdxagpjkhod ihgdjohk mic Rkx Qkxhg hgjrpidmi }pixinix$ Ic rpojipg mi iccgx `kxkmg id hgdx}pyop ck xghoimkmmi ck odagpjkhod ic hgdghojoid}g# id ic xifydmg xirckd}ik lkhip mi Iyxekmo yd piaipid}i id ck odqix}ofkhod

}ihdgcgfk ic c}ojg ini xi hid}pk id ck hkcomkm }g}kc mck fix}od mi ckx gpfkdo~khogdix$ Ix}i g`ni}oqg cgx inixjidhogdkmgx }oidid hgjg jkphg mi piaipidhok yd jgmi*cg mi hgjri}o}oqomkm {yi hpy~k k doqic gripk}oqg xg`pimgx xifjid}gx ijrpixkpokcix5 ydg mi hkph}ip fidipkc idic {yi }oidi ydk rpixidhok mix}khkmk ck oddgqkhod id ckijrpixk cgx jgmicgx mi fix}od# ck }pkdxaipidhok mi }ih*dgcgfk k ck ijrpixk ck odhgprgpkhod mi ckx ]OHx# od}i*

fpkdmg id ix}i xifjid}g k dyiqgx fpyrgx ijrpixkpokcix ck hpikhod mi dyiqkx ijrpixkx$ Ic xifydmg mi ix}gx xif*jid}gx }oidi yd hkph}ip xih}gpokc# xi krg k id ckx rgc}o*hkx mi cgx ?2 kjrcodmgxi lkx}k ;0 cgx hcyx}ipx$ Kcfydgxmi ix}gx pixrgdmid k xih}gpix jkmypgx g }pkmohogdkcix#g}pgx ijipfid}ix rgp c}ojg g}pgx hgd ydk aydhod}pkdxqipxkc kc pix}g$ Ix}kx kfpyrkhogdix ijrpixkpokcix xixgx}oidid aodkdhoipkjid}i k }idgp mi ckx k ymkx mi ydmihpi}g mic Fg`oipdg Qkxhg }pkx ck pikco~khod mi rckdixix}pk}fohgx mi hkmk hcyx}ip xy ck`gp xi hid}pk id ck hkcomkm# }ihdgcgfk i od}ipdkhogdkco khod$


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OD]PGMYHHOD

qkpok`cix mi hgp}i xghokc {yi dg od}ifpk ic jgmicg mihgjri}o}oqomkm mi cgx hcyx}ipx$ Id ix}i kdcoxox mi ck }ohk mi mixkppgccg pifogdkc xi krpihok kxojoxjg ck moao}km mi {yi ix}kx rgc}ohkx xgrgp}kmkx i|hcyxoqkjid}i id idoqic pifogdkc ridi}pid id ck ri{yik jimokdk ijrpi*xk# mixripmohokdmg# id ghkxogdix# ic qkcgp mic }pk`knpim {yi rgmpk fidipkpxi mixmi ck fix}od mi cgx rgcfgdgxodmyx}pokcix rgp xyryix}g ckx qid}knkx mi cghkco~khrpg|ojomkm mi ckx id}omkmix cghkcix$

8$ Mi ckx rgc}ohkx mi ijrcig k cgx hcyx}ipx g rgcgxmi oddgqkhod cghkc$ Ck i|ripoidhok mi Agjid*

}g mi Xkd Xi`kx}od$]kc hgjg xi piacink`k id ic hkr}ycg kd}ipogp moxrgdi*

jgx mi ydk mox}po`yhod }ippo}gpokc ihgdjohk lox}pohk}gpdg k cgx xox}ijkx rpgmyh}oqgx cghkcix$ Ck ixrihokco~khgjkphkc {yimk rk}id}i# dg xckjid}i id ck rpgrok kh}oqo*mkm# xodg }kj`od# id odx}pyjid}gx i odapkix}pyh}ypkx magpjkhod# ijrpixkx ky|ocokpix mi xipqohogx g}pgx akhpix {yi lkd jkphkmg ydk ayip}i omid}omkm ihgdjohk idhgjkphkx jydohorogx$


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OD]PGMYHHOD

lyjkdgx# id ydk kryix}k mihomomk rgp dyiqgx xih}gpix# ck}pkdxagpjkhod mi cgx k i|ox}id}ix g rgp rpgfpkjkx mihkph}ip }pkdxqipxkc k }gmg ic }inomg ijrpixkpokc mi ixi pikfigfpaohk$

]kc qi~ idhgd}pijgx yd moxhypxg lgjgfdig id ckomid}oaohkhod mi xih}gpix ijipfid}ix# mi kc}g qkcgp kkmomg# od}idxoqgx id hgdghojoid}g i oddgqkmgpix ripg hoip*}kjid}i ix}gx g`ni}oqgx cgx hgjrkp}id dg xckjid}i icid}gpdg cghkc xodg }kjòd ic pifogdkc$ Lg id mk ckx ;6hgjydomkmix ky}dgjkx rpgrgdid kxropkd k }idip xih*}gpix ayip}ix id ic hkjrg mi ck òg}ihdgcgfk# ògjimoho*dk y g}pgx hkjrgx mi kh}oqomkm oddgqkmgpk$ Kd}i ix}irckd}ikjoid}g i|}pkrgck`ci kc id}gpdg cghkc miìjgx aonkpdyix}pk k}idhod id pimixhy`pop id rpojip cyfkp hgjg xipiacink ck oddgqkhod id ck lox}gpok mi dyix}pk cghkcomkrkpk aonkp rpiqokjid}i ic hgdghojoid}g lox}pohg# ck cih}y*pk kdcoxox mi ck pikcomkm ijrpixkpokc hgd}i|}ykc rkpk

rkp}op mi kl agpjyckp rpg ih}gx rpgryix}kx qok`cix xyni*}kx k cgx hgdmohogdkd}ix mic id}gpdg cghkc$

Xo ic mixkppgccg cghkc dydhk lk agpjyckmg rgc}ohkxrkpk ck hkr}khod mi fpkdmix odqipxogdix g jyc}odkhogdk*cix id ic }ippo}gpog# hgd ck kryix}k mi cgx xih}gpix ijipfid*}ix pifid}ix dg rgmijgx hkip id ck }id}khod mi `yxhkpapjyckx kdcgfkx$ Ck hkr}khod mi fpkdmix odqix}ofkmg*pix# }kcid}g od}icih}ykc hgdghojoid}g xckjid}i xipakh}o`ci# xo moxrgdijgx mi ydk pim rpiqok {yi lkfk k}pkh*}oqg i od}ipixkd}i rkpk ix}kx ripxgdkx id}omkmix xy cghk*


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OD]PGMYHHOD

Rkp}i mi cgx hpo}ipogx {yi rgx}ipogpjid}i xi i|rgdidrkpk ck ryix}k id jkphlk g ckd~kjoid}g mi ydk odohok}oqkxih}gpokc# xi `kxkd id ck i|ripoidhok mixkppgcckmk rgp xghoimkm mi rpgjghod cghkc# Agjid}g mi Xkd Xi`kx}odid }gpdg k yd Rgcg mi Oddgqkhod Kymogqoxykc id ck {ycciqkjgx }pk`knkdmg cgx }pix c}ojgx kgx hy g ix{yijkpirpgmyhojgx$

HPIKHOD MI DYIQG]INOMG IJRPIXKPOKC

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OD]PGMYHHOD

hgjrkp}op ix}gx }pk`kngx# ck pikcomkm xy rpg ihhod ay}pk ix yd icijid}g mi}ipjodkd}i id ix}gx rpg ih}gx$ Ix}y*mogx mi `idhljkpeodf hgd g}pkx hoymkmix kqkd~kmkx idixi xih}gp ck kh}ykco~khod mi ix}gx mokfdx}ohgx id ijkphg mi cgx g`xipqk}gpogx cghkcix hgjrci}kd ix}i j`o}gmi kh}ykhod$

Xo id cgx odohogx mi cgx kgx


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OD]PGMYHHOD

òd ck kxixgpk jx ixrihokco~kmk lkx}k xo ayipk ic hkmi hkph}ip }ihdgcfohg$ Kxojoxjg k{yicckx k ymkx g xyqidhogdix k agdmg ripmomg {yi rpgjgqijgx rkpk ck hgdx*}o}yhod mi dyiqkx ijrpixkx miìd rpojkp k k{yicckx odo*hok}oqkx {yi xi kcodiid hgd ix}gx g`ni}oqgx mi kryix}kxih}gpokco~kmk$

Ck aodkdhokhod k dyiqkx johpgijrpixkx# hgjg ixxg`pkmkjid}i hgdghomg# pi{yopo id ic rkxkmg yd ojrgp*}kd}i ixayip~g mimohkhod mi ckx kfidhokx mi mixkppgid}omkmix aodkdhoipkx id kchkd~kp khyipmgx rkpk ck pimhod mi cgx }orgx mi od}ipx lkx}k ck hgdx}o}yhod mi mgx mi kqkcix$ Ixgx rpgmyh}gx aodkdhoipgx mi hkphfidpohg pi{yoipid ydk pikmihykhod gpoid}kmk id ixri*hokc lkhok ixgx dyiqgx xih}gpix ijipfid}ix# k {yi rkp}o*jgx id jyhlgx hkxgx mic mixhgdghojoid}g mi ckx dihixo*mkmix aodkdhoipkx dg xckjid}i mi ckx kfidhokx# xod}kjòd mi ckx rpgrokx id}omkmix aodkdhoipkx {yi qid hgd

pihicg k{yiccgx dyiqgx jiphkmgx xih}gpokcix id cgx {yi dgmoxrgdid mi i|ripoidhok$

Ckx midgjodkmkx `gcxkx mi ijrcig cghkcix kxojoxjgryimid pikco~kp ydk ojrgp}kd}i krgp}khod moaipidhokdm

xicihhogdkdmg k{yiccgx mijkdmkd}ix {yi moxrgdfkd miydk i|ripoidhok ck`gpkc g agpjkhod id ixi xih}gp mi}ip*jodkmg$ Rkpihi iqomid}i {yi ic hpihojoid}g id }pjodgxmi ijrcig mi ydk kh}oqomkm ixrihoaohk id dyix}pgx jydo*horogx ryimi apidkpxi xo dg moxrgdi mi jkdg mi g`pk hyk*coaohkmk$

OD]PGMYHHOD


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OD]PGMYHHOD

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=$ Cgx xox}ijkx pifogdkcix mi oddgqkhod

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1$ Ydk qoxod mi hgdnyd}g mi ckxpihgjidmkhogdix rgc}ohkx

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odmyx}p gpfkdoxk}ogd # Pixikphl rgcoh # 8=# ;;0 odx}o}y}ogdkc kdm gpfkdoxk}ogdkcxogdx # Pixikphl Rgcoh # 01# rr$ =69*=?;

Hggei# R$ kdm E$ Jgpfkd,;??=/# ]li pifogdkc oddgqk}ogd x x}ij od @kmid Vp}}ij`ipf # Od}ipdk}ogdkc Ngypdkc ga ]ihl*dgcgf Jkdkfijid}# ?# 8?=*=0?

Hggei# R$,;??0/#Pifogdkc Oddgqk}ogd x x}ijx> hgjri}o}oqi pify*ck}ogd od }li div Iypgri # Figagpyj# 08# rr 819*8 IC PGC MI CGX FG@OIPDGX


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Jkp}od# P$ kdm R$ Xydci ,022;/#Mihgdx}pyh}odf hcyx}ipx> hlkg* }oh hgdhir} ga rgcoh rkdkhik7 Vgpeodf mghyjid}# Ydoqipxo} ga Hkj`pomfi

Ji}hkcai# X$,;??=/# Iqgcy}ogdkp ihgdgjohx kdm }ihldgcgf rgcoh # Ihgdgjoh Ngypdkc# qgc$ ;2=# rr$ ?8;*?==

Dgg}i`ggj# @$,0222/#Cikpdodf kdm oddgqk}ogd od gpfkdo~k* }ogdx kdm ihgdgjoix # G|agpm Ydoqipxo} Rpixx# G|agpm

Epyfjkd# R$,;??;/# Figfpkrl kdm }pkmi # JO] Rpixx# Hkj`po*mi# Jkxxkhlyxi}}x$

Ckjìp}# C$,0228/#Ckjìp} Piqoiv ga @yxodixx Ydoqipxo} Hgcck`gpk}ogd # 0228# r$ odcio* modf od mi ihgdgjoxhli figfpkaoi ,}pkdxc> Pifogdkc ihgdgjohm dkjohx> kd od}pgmyh}ogd od}g ihgdgjoh figfpkrl /#Hgy}odlg# Jyomipìpf

Jkp}od# P$,;???/# ]li div figfpkrlohkc }ypd od ihgdgjohx> xgji hpo}ohkc piacih}ogdx # Hkj`pomfi Ngypdkc ga Ihgdgjohx#08# rr$ 91*?;

Rgp}ip# J$I$,0222/#Cghk}ogd# Hgjri}o}ogd# kdm Ihgdgjoh Miqicgrjid}> Cghkc hcyx}ipx od k fcg`kc ihgdgj # IhgdgjohMiqicgrjid} [ykp}ipc # Qgc$ ;= Dg$ ;# rr$ ;9*8=

ODDGQKHOD _ HPIHOJOID]G> IC HKXG MI GYCY


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Gcco C } dgnk Qohirpixomid}i mi Gycy Oddgqk}ogd C}m

Ck ix}pk}ifok mi oddgqkhod mi Gycy

Ic mixkppgccg mi ck Hoymkm mi Gycy# aydmkmk id ;k rkp}op mi yd ri{yig hid}pg hgjiphokc xo}ykmg id ck `ghdk mic Pg Gycy# lkx}k hgdqip}opxi id ck modjohk hoy{yi ix id ck kh}ykcomkm# ix ic pixyc}kmg mi ydk xipoi mi}gx mi ck hkrkhomkm rkpk piqoxkp }pkdxagpjkp ck ixpk ijrpixkpokc mi jgmg {yi ix}k xi jkd}idfk kh}ykco~kmk idpickhod hgd cgx hkj`ogx {yi i|ripojid}k ic jydmg$ Ix}k hkrkhomkm }kj`od ix} rpixid}i id ic }ijk jx ojrgp}kd}i mi xy dyiqk ix}pk}ifok> ck oddgqkhod$

K$ Od}pgmyhhod$

Gycy * yd hcyx}ip }ihdgcfohg mi hodhg ix}picckxXocohgd Qkcci # Mkcckx# X}ghelgcj# G|agpm# Gycy$$



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Xgrlok Kd}orgcox# ]geog# Xodfkryp# @gx}gd# Pkciofl#Xik}}ci$$$ # ydk qi~ jx# Gycy$

Gycyxi lk hgdqip}omg id yd rkp}ohorkd}i hckqi id ckcofk mi cgx hcyx}ipx }ihdgcfohgx jx kakjkmgx mic rckdi}k

# miaodo}oqkjid}i# jipihi hodhg ix}picckx$ Rgp ix}k pk~d#

Gycy lk xomg mixhpo}g mic xofyoid}i jgmg>Ryd}g hkcoid}i rkpk ck kc}k }ihdgcgfk# Ck hoymkm {yi roidxk {y ix ]O# Y ri{yig jockfpg jgmipdg# ck ]ihdgrgcox mic Dgp}i

Rkxkp k agpjkp rkp}i mi ck co}i mi cgx hcyx}ipx }ihdgc*fohgx dg ix cgfpg jidgp rkpk ydk hoymkm {yi ipk hgdgho*mk `xohkjid}i rgp ck xocqohyc}ypk ck odmyx}pok {yjohlkx}k hgjoid~gx mi ck mhkmk mi ;? IC HKXG MI GYCY


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odhcy ipk k ckx ripxgdkx {yi }pk`knkd rkpk xghogx xyhgd}pk}ox}kx mi Dgeok$

Id ck pifod mi Gycy# ckx hgjrkkx mi kc}k }ihdgcg*fk moxrgdid mi# krpg|ojkmkjid}i# ; IC HKXG MI GYCY


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hgx Q]] mi Aodckdmok ic Rgco}hdohg mi Gycy }kj`odkrgp}kpgd xy fpkdo}g mi kpidk$

Ck xifydmk khhod ayi ck hpikhod mic Gycy Xhoidhi Rkpe C}m$ id ;? rkpk kxify*pkpxi# cgx rpojipgx imoaohogx xi moxikpgd mi agpjk {yirymoipkd xip ahocjid}i pihgdqip}omgx id krkp}kjid}gx$

Ck }iphipk khhod ojrgp}kd}i xi rpgmyng hykdmg Gycyxi rpghckj k x joxjk Hoymkm mi ck ]ihdgcgfk id ;? Gycy lk cgfpkmg xy `yidkpiry}khod fpkhokx k xyx |o}gx xg`pixkcoid}ix$



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Xi lkd aonkmg ydgx g`ni}oqgx mi fpkd doqic$ Gycyod}id}kp }idk~jid}i moqipxoaohkp ic hgd}idomg mi ck k}ihdgcgfk mi ck pifod$ Id ck kh}ykcomkm# ck jk gp rkpmi ck kc}k }ihdgcgfk xi `kxk rpodhorkcjid}i id ckx hgjy*dohkhogdix odkcj`pohkx ck ]O$ Ix}kx hgd}odykpd xoid`xohkx# ripg xi

ciudades innovadoras: clusters para la promoción económica local (es)/ innovative cities: clusters...

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