ciudades educadoras (2001)

7/31/2019 Ciudades Educadoras (2001)

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Lmujnj ejulnjcpn6Ubn xep|xelzmwn xcazmln je|je an lckxaefmjnj

Fndmp Pcjpouev Pcjpouevdzzx6##www"cem"e|#xeb|npmèpcnkepmln#lcan`cpnlmcbe|80"dzk

Pe|ukeb

An lmujnj bc e| |ac ub gebkebc up`nb|zmlc9 e|zlcb|zmzumjn xcp an| |mbepomn| ~ue |e xpcjuleb ebzpe an|mb|zmzulmcbe| } ac| e|xnlmc| luazupnae|! ~ue bc| `pmbjnban xc|m mamjnj je nxpebjep eb an lmujnj9 ebzpe anxpcjullmb je keb|nfe| } |mobmgmlnjc| } ~ue bc|xepkmzeb! na xpcxmc zmekxc! nxpebjep je an lmujnj }!znk`mb! je |u xn|njc } |u xpe|ebze! kuldn| ele|je|lcbclmjc"

Ea Xpc}elzc Lmujnj Ejulnjcpn! zmebe lckc gmbnamjnjxpmkcpjmna+ an lcb|zpullmb je ubn lmujnjnbncponbmvnjn! nuzbckn } |camjnpmn! lnxnv je lcbmmp eb

an jmgepeblmn } je |caulmcbnp xnlgmlnkebze |u|lcbgamlzc|"

Eb e|ze xpcle|c lcbzmbuc } jmbkmlc je nxpebjmvnfe!lcb|zpullmb } lpzmln! eb ea luna ac| |epe| duknbc|lpenb } pelpenb an luazupn! ~ue n |u ev ac| xpcjule }pexpcjule! an kekcpmn lcaelzmn zebjp ~ue peluxepnpdm|zpmlnkebze |u| dnlepe|! |u| |nèpe| } |u| zmxc|je cponbmvnlmb |m |e ~umepe xpmmaeomnp an |camjnpmjnj!pegaetmcbnjc| } lcb|zpumjc| je|je ea xeb|nkmebzclckxaefc"

Lmujnj ejulnjcpn e| ub xpc}elzc ~ue pemmbjmln ac

lcaelzmc } ac xàmlc! ac xcazmlc } ac zmlc } ù|lnmbope|np n an kcjepbmjnj dnlmebjc u|c je anejulnlmb lckc gebkebc ekmbebzekebzelckubmlnzmc lu}c je|nppcaac xczeblmnp an lnxnlmjnjje mblmjeblmn je an |clmejnj |c`pe |u| xpcxmc|je|zmbc|! e|znàelmebjc lnk`mc| eb an lcbjulzn } ac|lckxcpznkmebzc| je ac| lmujnjnbc|! ù|lnbjc anlcb|zpullmb je an jekclpnlmn } an lmujnjnbn lckcxpc}elzc lcaelzmc"

An lmujnj e| ub knplc } ub noebze ejulnjcp ~ue!nbze an zebjeblmn n an lcblebzpnlmb jea xcjep!xpnlzmln an cxmbmb xàmln } an am epznj9 nbze an

zebjeblmn na opeonpm|kc! etxpe|n ea xaupnam|kc9 nbze anzebjeblmn n jm|zpmùmp je|mounakebze an| xc|m`mamjnje|!jegmebje an lmujnjnbn9 nbze an zebjeblmn nambjmmjunam|kc! |e e|guepvn xcp xpnlzmlnp anmbjmmjunamjnj |camjnpmn""" xepkmze gcpknp xep|cbn||eb|màe| znbzc n |u| jeèpe| lckc n |u| jepeldc|$>-

Obe|m| je ubn mjen

Lmujnj Ejulnjcpn e| ubn xpcxue|zn mblcblau|n ~ue|e ebluebzpn eb xpcle|c je zpn`nfnp } lcb|zpump"Nzpnme|n an dm|zcpmn jea |ep duknbc } je an| lmujnje|!

je|je an Xcam| Opmeon! xn|nbjc xcp an Lmzn| Pcknbndn|zn an| lmujnje| je dc}" Eb an dm|zcpmnlcbzekxcpben! pebnle eb >=?0 n xnpzmp je ubjclukebzc xpexnpnjc xcp Ejonp Gnupe } czpc|! e|lpmzcxnpn an UBE\LC! zmzuanjc Nxpebjep n \ep" $0-

Eb jmldc zetzc! |e xpcxcbe |nlnp an ejulnlmb je ac|e|xnlmc| leppnjc| eb jcbje |e dnaan`n lcbgmbnjn!xnpn zpn|anjnpan n ac| auonpe| je peubmb! n an|g`pmln|! an| xanvn|! n ac| xnp~ue|! n an| lnaae| }! ebgmb! n ac| e|xnlmc| xàmlc|" E| jelmp! ~ue an lmujnj |elcb|zpu}e eb e|lebnpmc| } nk`mebze| oac`nae| jenxpebjmvnfe eb jcbje lcbgau}eb xpcle|c|! e|zpnzeomn|} meblmn| ejulnzmn|! n| lckc ea lcblexzc jeejulnlmb xepknbebze n ac anpoc je an mjn"

An lmujnj bc e| }n |ac ea lcboackepnjc up`nb|zmlc }je xcànjcpe|! |mbc ub opnb nakn! ubn lmujnj mn! ubluepxc ~ue |mebze! ~ue |e kuee! ubn lmujnj lcb

lcpnvb xpcxmc! ub nk`mebze } ub lcbzetzc oac`na jemjn } nxpebjmvnfe"

An Lmujnj Ejulnjcpn bc e|! xue|! ub gmbxpejezepkmbnjc" E| ubn xpcxue|zn eb lcbzmbunlcb|zpullmb! ubn dm|zcpmn ~ue |e n pelcppmebjc! nazmekxc ~ue xepkmze mjebzmgmlnp ea lnkmbc xcp ea luna |edn`p je zpnb|mznp" Ubn uzcxn n an ~ue nae an xebnnxc|znpae" E|! znk`mb! an xc|m`mamjnj je knzepmnamvnpan| mjen| } xpcxue|zn| je ac| e|znkebzc| ~uelcbgcpknb ea zefmjc |clmna je an lmujnj" \e zpnzn! eb|bze|m|! je ub xpc}elzc xnpn lcb|zpump lmujnjnbn }jekclpnlmn9 lcb|zpump lmujnj xnpn k| } kefcpe|

lmujnjnbc| } |u efe npzmluanjcp e| an lcb|zpullmb jeub buec lmujnjnbc"$


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Ea nbam|m| je an lmujnj lckc gebkebc lckxaefc!|uxcbe ub nkxamc pelcppmjc xcp an zekzmln up`nbn }|u| kazmxae| npmnàe|" Mkxamln n|ukmp jmep|n|xzmln| xnpn nxpctmknp|e na lcblexzc! ecaulmb }xeplexlmb je n~ueaac ~ue an lcb|zmzu}e" An lmujnj dn}~ue c`|epnpan |mekxpe ebzpe kuldn| aule|!+ ebzpeczpc| nkcpe|! n zpn| je |u| ku|n| k| mbgnbzmae|!

k| febe| c k| knjupn|! je an| ku|n| la|mln|je an luazupn c an| pckbzmln| je an amèpznj } je anmounajnj c je an| dmfn| jea xpcle|c dm|zpmlc! lckc anku|n jea xpcope|c elcbkmlc c an jea `mebe|znp |clmna9zcjn| ac |cb xcp |u lnplzep xpcxmc } xcp~ue zmebeb eanacp je nnbvnp ubmjn|! je lcbep|np } je lckxcbepk|mln"

Ac lckxaefc je an lmujnj

An penamjnj |clmna! } xcp |uxue|zc je an| lmujnje|lckc |c|zmebe Ln|zcpmnje| e| ubn zcznamjnj ~ue e| }bc e| na km|kc zmekxc ubn" Dc} pe|uazn lpulmna!

pegaetmcbnp je|je an jujn! je|je ac lckxaefc! je|jeac| mbzeppconbze| } bc! lckc e|znkc| nlc|zuk`pnjc|je|je an xpezeb|mb je `pmbjnp ubn pe|xue|zn bmln }lnzeopmln n ac| xpcàekn| ~ue ebgpebzn an lmujnj }|u| lmujnjnbc|" E| pelcbclep an jmgmluaznj! e| nlexznpan lckxaefmjnj! an mblepzmjuk pe } an bele|mjnj jejmep|mgmlnp an| xc|m mamjnje| } an| |caulmcbe|" E|xpmblmxmc bele|npmc bc |cac eb ea xanbc mbjmmjuna |mbcznk`mb eb ea lcaelzmc"

Ubn |uoepeblmn lckxaekebznpmn dn ebmjc|c|zebmebjc Kcpb$5- 6 an lckxaefmjnj e| ub zefmjc jelcb|zmzu}ebze| dezepcobec| mb|exnpnàekebze

n|clmnjc|6 xpe|ebzn ac ubc } ac kazmxae" Na kmpnp lcbk| nzeblmb! an lckxaefmjnj e|! egelzmnkebze! eazefmjc je eebzc|! nllmcbe|! mbzepnllmcbe|!pezpcnllmcbe|! jezepkmbnlmcbe|! nvnpe|! ~uelcb|zmzu}eb bue|zpc kubjc gebckbmlc" N| e| ~ue anlckxaefmjnj |e kue|zpn lcb ac| pn|oc| mb~umeznbze| jeac ebpejnjc! je ac mbetzpmln ae! jea je|cpjeb! annk`moejnj! an mblepzmjuk`pe! ea xeb|nkmebzclckxaefc bc e| n~uea ~ue emzn c |uxpmke ea je|ngc!|mbc n~uea ~ue n}ujn n peeanpac e mblau|c! zna ev! n|uxepnpac$7- "

Xpcgubjmvnbjc eb e|zn| pegaetmcbe|! Auinl|! ea gma|cgc

knptm|zn |enan6 Ac lckxaefc jeè |ep lcble`mjclckc eaekebzc xpmknpmc etm|zebze" Je jcbje pe|uazn~ue dnle gnazn etnkmbnp ac lckxaefc je ebzpnjn ebznbzc lckxaefc } xn|np aueoc je ac lckxaefc n |u|eaekebzc| } xpcle|c| eaekebznae|"$?-

Je|je e|zn pegaetmb zepmln Mpe} Okev } Aum| Nanplbdnb jegebjmjc an ze|m|! ~ue an aben je guon! anlckxaefmjnj! e| ub gaufc! ubn puxzupn je anpnlmcbnamjnj! jea cpjeb je ac e|zpmnjc" Bubln |e nln`nbnjn6 ea kcjc eb ~ue ub e|xnlmc am|c jefn je e|zpmnp!xepc znk`mb ea kcjc eb ~ue ub e|xnlmc e|zpmnjcueae n xpcjulmp am|c! lcb nacpe|! egelzc| } |mobc|

eebzunakebze ku} jmgepebze|""" zcjc xpcope|c |epenamvn xcp } eb e|xnlmc e|zpmnjc! xepc e| eb eae|xnlmc am|c jcbje |e xpcjule zcjc ea jeebmp"

Ub lpmzepmc ~ue ngmnbvn e|ze xanbzenkmebzc eb anlcb|zpullmb je an lmujnj } |u lmujnjnbn xuejeaeep|e eb an Xcazmln Up`nbn! jcbje |e jeè je|xaeonpubn nlzmzuj ~ue jmon |mkuazbenkebze |m } bc n angcpkn lcbeblmcbna je zecpmvnp ac pena! ubn nlzmzujlckc an jebckmbnjn xcp Demjeooep an |epebmjnj xnpnlcb an| lc|n|$4- ! an luna lcbfubznkebze lcb an

nxepzupn n ac je|lcbclmjc bc| xepkmze knbzebepje|xmepzc ea xeb|np pegaetmc! lane xnpn mbzepxpeznp ace|eblmna je an lmujnj ~ue |e ebluebzpn cluazn!|ukepomjn } lu`mepzn! ~ue |nae n an |uxepgmlme } |e jefnep lckc |m gaczn|e! aaeonbjc je e|ze kcjc dnlepemjebze } xeplm`mjn xcp zcjc|$=- "

Eb cxmbmb jea Kmbm|zepmc je Je|nppcaac Elcbkmlc! eaxpcàekn je an lmujnj bc xueje |ep n`cpjnjc naknpoeb jea xeb|nkmebzc lckxaefc$>8- ! e|zc e|! jen~uea ~ue |e pe|m|ze dn nlexznp an| gpcbzepn| zpnvnjn|xcp an knbepn zpnjmlmcbna je ebgclnp ea gebkebc xcpan lmeblmn! ~ue e an |clmejnj n zpn| je

lckxcpznkmebzc| e|znblc|! e|znàelmebjc kupc| ebzpean| jm|lmxambn| jea |nèp" Ea xeb|nkmebzc lckxaefc! xcpea lcbzpnpmc! lcb|mjepn an |clmejnj lckc ub xpcle|ceb lcbzmbuc kcmkmebzc! acopnbjc je e|zn gcpknmaukmbnp n|xelzc| bc ebgnzmvnjc| xcp ea kcjc jexeb|np gpnokebznpmc9 xpezebje npzmluanp ac g|mlc lcb ac`mcaomlc } nk`c| lcb ac nbzpcxcaomlc |clmna"$>>-

An lmujnj e| ub gebkebc ~ue |e n`pe eb kuldn|jmkeb|mcbe| } ~ue nlzn eb kazmxae| mbzepnllmcbe|zefmjn| xcp an penamjnj |clmna e dm|zpmln" Eaan jeè |epxeb|njn je|je an xep|xelzmn je an lckxaefmjnj9 eb ubzefmjc je lcb|zmzu}ebze| dezepcobec|

mb|exnpnàekebze n|clmnjc|9 xpe|ebzn an xnpnjcfn jeac mbjmmjuna } kazmxae! ea zefmjc je eebzc|! nllmcbe|!mbzepnllmcbe|! pezpcnllmcbe|! jezepkmbnlmcbe|! nvnpe|!~ue lcb|zmzu}eb ea kubjc up`nbc"$>0- Xcp znbzc! anlmujnj bc xueje |ep xeb|njn |mbc eb ea e|xnlmcxpcxue|zc xcp ea xeb|nkmebzc lckxaefc ~ue mblau}n anmbzepnllmb je |nèpe|! n zpn| je ub xpc}elzc ~uexuejn ubmgmlnp ubn lcblexlmb jea dck`pe eb zpkmbc|je |u| jezepkmbnbze| luazupnae| `|mlc|6 kcpna+xplzmlc $zmln-! e|zzmlc+etxpe|mc! } lcobc|lmzmc+mb|zpukebzna $lmeblmn } zlbmln-$>


3/14

Ubn xpeoubzn bele|npmn

Xcp ~u bc3" An Lmujnj Ejulnjcpn znk`mb xueje|ep nbnamvnjn je nluepjc lcb an| lnpnlzep|zmln| je ac||m|zekn| lckxaefc| njnxznzmc|" Ea xeb|nkmebzclckxaefc e| dc} ea xpejckmbnbze" Bc| mbzepe|n! bc xcpac ~ue zmebe je kcjn! |mbc xcp |u oe|zc n`mepznkebze

mbzeopnjcp"Ea ln|c je an lmujnj e|! xnpn a! ubc k|" Xepkmzexanbzenp ea |mobmgmlnjc } an ecaulmb je an lmujnj |mblnep eb ea nzpcxeaac je ac| |mkxam|kc|" Zcjc| ac| |epe|xpe|ebznb naob opnjc je |bze|m| } lckxaefmjnj" Xcpe|c etm|zeb" Bm |m~umepn an| xnpzluan| eaekebznae| |cbznb eaekebznae| lckc |e jmle" An lckxaefmjnj e| ubnlcbjmlmb mbjm|xeb|nàe xnpn luna~umep etm|zeblmn" K|nb |m |e zpnzn je |m|zekn| lckxaefc| njnxznzmc|6 anmjn! ac| elc|m|zekn|! ea |m|zekn mbkubmznpmc je ac|knkgepc|! ea dck`pe! an| cponbmvnlmcbe| |clmnae|"

Zcjc| |cb xpcjulzc je an| |ule|mn| pecponbmvnlmcbe|je |u xpcxmn lckxaefmjnj" Guepn je an lckxaefmjnj bc|e |c`peme"$>5- Ea xeb|nkmebzc lckxaefc bc dnlenbam|m| |uxepgmlmna! |mbc eb xpcgubjmjnj } eb pej"Ebzmeppn ea jmgubzc lcblexzc je lnu|n } |e xpcxcbee|zujmnp mbzepnllmcbe| e mbzepjexebjeblmn|" Xnpn a! anzcznamjnj e| ea pe|uaznjc je an| pelmxpclmjnje|"

Bc lpee eb xpcjulzc| kelbmlnkebze xpejelm ae|"Zcjc ac ~ue n}n n |upomp |ep ekepoeblmn! bcejnj"\ep ea pe|uaznjc je ubn nllmb lckxuznlmcbna ~ue! ebgublmb je ac| kcjc| je n|clmnlmb # |exnpnlmb!|eaellmcbe } |mbzezmle ac| jnzc| jm|xcbmàe|" Bmbob

gnlzcp! xcp | |cac! bc| onpnbzmvn ~u lnamjnj jevnbndcpmn n n bnlep c ~u gcpkn up`nbn |e n nmkxcbep" E| an xpcxmn lckxaefmjnj jea |m|zekn n`mepzcan ~ue |e eblnpon je n`|cpèp |u| je|e~umam`pmc| xnpncponbmvnpae| eb ubn buen |bze|m| cln|mcbna" ] zcjce|zc! njek|! ac dnle n zpn| je ubn cxepnlmblckxuznlmcbna je n|clmnlmb $lcbfublmb! mblau|mb!mjebzmgmlnlmb- } je |exnpnlmb $jm|}ublmb! cxc|mlmb!etlau|mb-"$>7-

Eb ea gcbjc! Ejonp Kcpb! Kuppn} Oeaa+Knbb! Fcpoe_noeb|èpo! xcp lmznp zpe| nuzcpe| je dc}! knbefnb ankm|kn lane n xe|np je zpn`nfnp |c`pe c`fezc| znb

jm|zmbzc| lckc an| e|zpulzupn| kebznae|! ealcbclmkmebzc lckxuznlmcbna! an ecaulmb `mcaomln cac| gebkebc| je an g|mln lubzmln" Ebzmebjeb ~ue anlckxaefmjnj njnxznzmn e| an lane xnpn lckxpebjepluna~umep xpcle|c6 x|mlcaomlc c up`nbc! ambo|zmlc c`mc~ukmlc! lepe`pna c xanbeznpmc" Dnànbjc eblcblpezc! ea |elpezc e|z eb ~ue an lckxaefmjnj zmebeubn gcpkn je nxcjepnp|e je |u| mb|ukc| } jepecponbmvnp|e lcb eaac|" \u zebjeblmn e| na cpjeb"

E|znkc| nbze ubn lmujnj+eblpulmfnjn! lmujnj+kubjc!~ue |e lcb|zmzu}e xpelm|nkebze n zpn| je lckxuznp!lcbfuonp! e~umam`pnp! |u| kuldn| jmepoeblmn| mbzepbn|"

An lmujnj nlzuna pe|xcbje n an nllmb je gnlzcpe|nlzmc|! mblau|c lcbzpn|znbze|" Je nd |upoe |u |epnpmcxmbzc } |u lnxnlmjnj xnpn n|ck`pnpbc| zcjc| ac|jn|" An opnb lmujnj nlzuna e| opcze|ln" Bm |m~umepn |e

an lcbcle" Xcp je`nfc je |u cpjeb etzepbc ùaae ubnmbkeb|n jm|lcpjmn" Eb eaan lnè zcjc! dn|zn acmkxeb|n ae" \u lcbgmoupnlmb guzupn bc e|! eblcb|elueblmn! etnlznkebze xpejelmàe"

Eb ea xeb|nkmebzc lckxaefc bnjn e| etnlznkebzexpejelmàe }! kebc|! zpnzbjc|e jea dck`pe" \mb

ek`npoc! znkxclc |ep ub lnc|" Ac| |m|zekn|n`mepzc|! njnxznzmc|! zmebjeb na cpjeb" E| an ae} je anebzpcxn! xepc na pe|"$>?-

An lmujnj+kubjc e| ubn e|zcxn je guepvn| m|màe| }guepvn| |u`zeppben|" Camjn je jbje mebe" Camjnlua gue |u xpmkep nxeaamjc" Xcp je`nfc jea ln|lnpbg|mlc! je |u| ejmgmlmc|! nebmjn| } xnp~ue|! lcppeb!lckc eb an| p mzn| mbzepbn| jea zckc! xn~ueze|jm|lcbzmbuc| je ebepon6 an mjn je an lmeblmn! an|cponbmvnlmcbe| jea zpn`nfc } jea jeamzc! ac| |mobc|lckubmlnlmcbnae| } ea jmbepc! ac| ~ue gacznbxeamopc|nkebze |mb mbluanp|e cgmlmnakebze lcb bnjn"

An lmujnj nlzuna e|z nppnblnbjc ac| lanc| eb ac| ~ueeaac| lcaon`nb |u kekcpmn } |u bc|znaomn" Xmeb|nb~ue! anbvnjc| n ubn `npndbjn ~ue mobcpn zcjnzpnjmlmb } zcjc |ebzmjc je mbzmkmjnj! e|zb |mebjcezbcaomlnkebze mppe|xeznjc|" ûmv lcb|mjepnblckc je|+duknbmvnlmb ac ~ue czpc| aanknpnb |acje|+najenbmvnlmb"

An jm|znblmn ebzpe ea ~unpi } ea fnounp! mebe n jelmpKuppn} Oeaa+Knbb! je naoubn knbepn! bc etm|ze" Eakubjc jea ~unpi ac zmebe zcjc xnpn jnp luebzn je ubfnounp lnkmbnbjc eb lpluac eb an bclde"$>4-

Lmepznkebze! zcjc e|zc pe|uazn nxn|mcbnbze" Ubndmxze|m| lckc e|zn jekue|zpn an mbzeb|n lcbzmbumjnj!ea m|ckcpgm|kc e|zpulzupna ~ue dn} ebzpe ebzmjnje|bnzupnae| } luazupnae|! `mcaomln| } lcobc|lmzmn|! znalckc ac dn nb je|znlnjc mbzepe|nbze| g|mlc| }x|mlacoc| nlzunae|6 Xmnoez! Inxpn! @cdp! Xpm pnk!Knzupnbn! ezl"$>=-

Ubn je an| lc|n| ~ue |e aaen xcp jeanbze eaxeb|nkmebzc lckxaefc e| ea lcblexzc je lc|n! jelmujnj! eb lunbzc ubmjnj leppnjn c bknjn" Eb ub|m|zekn zcjc| |u| eaekebzc| |e mbzepnllmcbnb" Ea

xeb|nkmebzc lckxaefc je|ean an lckxaekebznpmejnjebzpe lcpx|luac| } ebepon! ebzpe g|mln } lcblmeblmn!ebzpe dm|zcpmn } ekclmcbnamjnj" Je e|n knbepnnzpmù}e n ac| c`fezc| } n ac| |ule|c| ub lnplzepkuldc k| peanlmcbna } enbe|lebze" N`nbjcbn an|lane| xanbn|! ubmanzepnae|! } an| |u|zmzu}e lcb ubfueoc je e|xefc| lck`mbnjc|" An lmujnj e| ub deldcluazupna"

An lmujnj mpzuna e|z ekxevnbjc n |ep k| pena ~uean pena" An zeaem|mb e| an bmln gcpkn je pelcppepan }je |nèp ac ~ue e|z xn|nbjc eb eaan" \m ea |k`cac jean lmujnj mefn epn an lnzejpna ozmln! je xubzmaan| dnlmn

ea lmeac! lcb |u nu|zepc keb|nfe je e|xmpmzunamjnj }ezepbmjnj! ndcpn ac e| ea opnb lebzpc lckeplmna! an|nuzcxm|zn| ~ue dnleb jea mnfe } ea je|xanvnkmebzc ea|k`cac je |u buec mb~umambc" Eb up e| lckc


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@npleacbn c @cocz ac| lebzpc| lckeplmnae| dnbxn|njc n |ep an pexpe|ebznlmb k| bzmjn je anlmujnj" Eaac| |cb ac| ~ue kefcp lcblebzpnb |u oebze }|u `pmaac" \m eb an lmujnj je nbze| dn`n ub lebzpcmbjm|luzmàe! dc} dn} kuldc|" Ea lebzpc dn etxacznjceb gpnokebzc| dnlmn an xepmgepmn" Lnjn ubc je eaac|knbefn |u| bcpkn|! |u| nacpe| } |u npocz" E|zn e| an

lmujnj xc|zkcjepbn! an ~ue |e peekxanvnpxmjnkebze! xcamlpckn } dejcbm|zn" \uxpmke ac|e|xnlmc| lebzpnae| lcb an km|kn gnlmamjnj lcb ~uepeekxanvn ac| jm|lup|c| xcazmlc| } ac| nacpe|kcpnae|" An lebzpnamjnj bc etm|ze xnpn bmbob egelzc"Luna~umep mbzebzc je lebzpnam|kc e| ub nbnlpcbn"

E|zn e| ubn lmujnj |uèp|mn! |mbme|zpn! aubzmln!km|epnàe! xepc! znk`mb! bcàe! ejulnjcpn! pegmbnjn"N~u lnè zcjc" E|n e| |u bcpknamjnj" An bcpkn! eanacp } ea |k`cac |ac xuejeb |c`pemmp |m |ezpnb|gcpknb" An jm|lpexnblmn xueje pe|uaznp depkc|nc pexuobnbze! xepc e| mbjm|luzmàe"

Ea gebkebc je an pe+zeppmzcpmnamvnlmb je an lmujnj e|zn an m|zn" Lnjn opuxc } lnjn kckebzc meb an lmujnjn |u knbepn" An czpn e|! gubjnkebznakebze! ubnlmujnj mpzuna" Ac| kejmc| je mbgcpknlmb |cb ac| ~ue|e eblnponb je aaenpbc| n ubc| `nppmc|! n ubn lmujnj!~ue ln|m bubln xm|nkc|" Wmmkc| eb ubn lmujnjmbgcpkzmln" Lcbzpnjmlzcpmn eb kuldc| n|xelzc|" Ac|zeagcbc| leauanpe|! lcaonjc| je an lmbzupn! n gacp jepc`c! |cb xnpze je e|zn lmujnj jea etdm`mlmcbm|kc" Ubnlmujnj ~ue lpen na jeambluebze } aueoc ac pexpmke" Aclmepzc e| ~ue eaan }n bc e|z etnlznkebze n~u c naa!bm e| e|zc c ac czpc" An lmujnj e| ea gaufc! an lebzpguon!

ea jpnknzm|kc lpenjc xcp |u xpcxmn lckxaefmjnj"Naoubc|! ~umv! e|zb eb an lmujnj! xepc bcxepzebeleb n eaan" E|zb eb ea bc+auonp" Xnpn eaac| anlmujnj e| ea bc+auonp! ac mbd|xmzc! ac nope|mc" Je e|nknbepn mebeb n beonp ea lcblexzc cpmombna je lmujnj"

Lckc |e |nè! gpebze n ubn m|mb bknjn!dm|zcpmlm|zn! jea dck`pe! an lmujnj ~um|c |mobmgmlnp eaauonp je an xepknbeblmn xanlebzepn" Xcp e|c |expcjmonpcb znbzc n xnpzmp jea Pebnlmkmebzc" Ac|ejmgmlmc| dm|zpmlc|! ac| `nppmc| lcacbmnae|! ~ue n ele||e lcb|epnb lcb onanbzepn je cpge`pe! |cb czpnkue|zpn jea elaelzmlm|kc je e|zn luazupn" Eaan }n dn

knjupnjc ac |ugmlmebze lckc xnpn pe|xeznp } lcbmmplcb an| jmgepeblmn|" An mb|eplmb je an dm|zcpmn eb anlmujnj! an n|ublmb je |u zekxcpnamjnj! |u`pn}n!mounakebze! ea lnplzep peanzmm|zn } guomzmc lcb ~ue nabuec cluxnbze ae nopnjn xanbzenp |u| peanlmcbe|" Anetxepmeblmn je an lckxaefmjnj cpmebzn bnzupnakebzednlmn an zcaepnblmn"

An buen xanbmgmlnlmb up nbn! eb ub e|xpmzuejulnjcp! |u| opnbje| lcble|mcbe| na xenzb! naxnm|nfe! na e|xelzluac |cèp`mc! n an| e|zpeaan| } n anelcacon! bc |ac pe|lnznb e|xnlmc| xnpn ea dck`pe|mbc ~ue pe|xcbjeb n an nbou|zmn lanu|zpcg`mln ~ue an

lmujnj je ac| 58 } 78 dn`n lpenjc" An opnb lmujnj jedc} e|z xpexnpnjn xnpn ocvnp } jm|gpuznp! } bc |acxnpn zpn`nfnp c jcpkmp"

Ea |ebzmjc gublmcbnam|zn je an np~umzelzupn e|z |mebjcpexpebjmjc xcp an mbzeblmb e|zzmln" An| km|kn|peam~umn| np~umzelzbmln| c an| e|luazupn| cpbnkebznae|e|zb k| na |epmlmc jea xanlep ~ue je an kekcpmndm|zpmln" Ea buec up`nbm|kc ueae n xnonp ub nazczpmùzc n an eaeonblmn }! je|je aueoc! n |u etcp`mznbzejeknbjn je |epmlmc|"

An mjebzmgmlnlmb xep|cbna c lcaelzmn e| ln|m mkxc|m ae}! njek|! |uxepgaun" An gaumjev jea pc dnle mbzmaluna~umep mjebzmgmlnlmb" Zcjc| |ckc| mounae|! oczn|je ub lnule nleaepnjc" ûmb e| penakebzeetzpnbfepc! |cpxpe|mc! dc}! eb ubn lmujnjkn|zcjbzmln3" Bnjn duknbc ae e| nfebc" Dn} ln|c|!|mb ek`npoc! eb ac| ~ue ub knazpeldc up`nbm|kc bcdnle bm an k| kbmkn lcble|mb n an èaaevn c nadck`pe"

Xepc nb ~uejn an nazepbnzmn jea kcjeac lubzmlc! anjea xeb|nkmebzc lckxaefc" Ub kcjeac eb pej! je

jmgepebze| bmeae| jm|lcbzmbuc| } ebanvnjc|! vcbn|jmgepeblmnjn|! nzpne|njn| xcp kejmc| jelckubmlnlmb } nuzcxm|zn|! xepc eb lcbznlzc znk`mblcb ub xejnvc je zmeppn" Bc| ~uejn ea kcjeac jeazckc! je an lauan! xepc dn`mznjc| xcp dck`pe|" Ankeonaxcam| }n dn lpenjc |u xpcxmn xnzcacon" Ndcpndn} ~ue jnp zmekxc n ~ue |u lpelmebze lckxaefmjnj|mbzezmle ea buec xubzc je e~umam`pmc"

Jekclpnzmvnlmb } xpc}elzc |clmezna

Eb e|ze cpjeb je mjen|! ea xpcle|c je jekclpnzmvnlmbje ac| e|znjc|! an| |clmejnje| } an| lmujnje|! dn

n`mepzc an xc|m`mamjnj xnpn dnlep penamjnj ac| mjenae| jean Lmujnj Ejulnjcpn lckc xpc}elzc |clmezna"Xpelm|nkebze an lmujnj } an ejulnlmb |cb ub lnkxcmbzeppeanlmcbnjc! jcbje |e xuejeb je|e|zpulzupnp an|peanlmcbe| nuzcpmznpmn| } lcbepzmpan| eb gcpkn|m|zekzmln eb peanlmcbe| jekclpzmln|" N~u e|jcbje lnè mbzpcjulmp eb gcpkn lcb|lmebze an| xnuzn||clmnae| je an lckxpeb|mb! an |camjnpmjnj } anpe|xcb|n`mamjnj xcp xnpze jea E|znjc } je an |clmejnjlmma"

E|ze xpcle|c e| xnuanzmbc! zcjn ev ~ue ebgpebzn! xcp| km|kc! zpnjmlmcbe| guepzekebze nbzmjekclpzmln|!

ebpnmvnjn| eb ac| nxnpnzc| e|znznae|! ejulnzmc| } ebjmep|n| lcblexlmcbe| } xplzmln| |clmnae|" Ea xpcle|cjekclpnzmvnjcp } ejulnjcp jeè |ep lcdepebze lcb ubxpc}elzc xcazmlc xnpn ea ùeb oc`mepbc je an lmujnj!eb ea ~ue |e nxubznaeb `mubclnkebze } jeè |epoac`na! xnpn ~ue n`np~ue an lmujnj eb |u lcbfubzc"Mounakebze jeè |ep ub xpc}elzc luazupnalckxpckezmjc eb an peluxepnlmb } eb an lcb|zpullmbje an mjebzmjnj dm|zpmln! an mjebzmjnj luazupna } anmjebzmjnj lmujnjnbn"

Ac| oc mepbc| aclnae| xnpn |ep guepze| jeèb |epjekclpzmlc|! e| jelmp! pexpe|ebznzmc|! `n|njc| eb an

eaellmb xcxuanp jmpelzn! lck`mbnbjc anxep|cbnamvnlmb } an oac`namvnlmb je anpexpe|ebznlmb! n| lckc an xnpzmlmxnlmb je an|jm|zmbzn| vcbn| je an lmujnj } je an| kmbcpn| xcazmln|!


5/14

|clmnae| } zbmln|" \ac ub oc`mepbc aclnapexpe|ebznzmc xueje n|xmpnp n efeplep aeozmknkebze }lcb nuzcbckn an nuzcpmjnj"$08-

Ac| oc mepbc| |epb nuzbckc| bc |ac |m e|zbamèpnjc| je zuzean| xcazmln| eb ea efeplmlmc je |u|lckxezeblmn| } gublmcbe|! |mbc znk`mb |m jm|xcbeb

je an xc|m`mamjnj gcpkna } knzepmna je e|zn aelepbcpkn| } zcknp jelm|mcbe| }! njek|! je dnlepan|efeluznp" Xepc na km|kc zmekxc ac| oc`mepbc| aclnae|bc xuejeb pexpcjulmp } nkxamnp ac| mlmc| je an|njkmbm|zpnlmcbe| xàmln| zpnjmlmcbnae|! xcp ac luna e|je|enàe mbzpcjulmp gcpkn| kcjepbn| je lcbzpca jeaon|zc xàmlc } xpnlzmlnp ubn xcazmln je nu|zepn|lcblexlmcbe| ~ue ae| xepkmzmp kcmamvnp kn}cpe|pelup|c| xnpn ea |epmlmc n ac| lmujnjnbc|"

An| lmujnje| jeèb cponbmvnp|e mbzepbnkebze |eobkcjeac| je je|lebzpnamvnlmb zeppmzcpmna! je gcpkn ~uexuejnb je|nppcaanp ubn oe|zmb xptmkn n an

lmujnjnbn! lcb ea pelcbclmkmebzc je an| mjebzmjnje|`nppmnae| c elmbnae| } an lpenlmb je e|zpulzupn|pexpe|ebznzmn| ~ue e|zmkuaeb an xnpzmlmxnlmblmujnjnbn" An| lmujnje| jeèb gncpelep anmbzeopnlmb } an xaupnamjnj" E| znb bele|npmn anzpnb|xnpeblmn eb an oe|zmb xàmln lckc an xpczellmbje an xpmnlmjnj mbjmmjuna"$0>-

N|mkm|kc! an lpenlmb } xpckclmb je kelnbm|kc|xnpzmlmxnzmc|! e| ubn lcbjmlmb mbjm|xeb|nàe xnpn anegmlnlmn je an oe|zmb up`nbn } xnpn an jekclpnzmvnlmbjea kcjeac je oc`mepbc"

Xepc an jekclpnlmn zmebe ea jeèp je bc mjenamvnp naxueàc! xcp an |mkxae pnvb je ~ue ubn lckubmjnjknagcpknjn xcp an np`mzpnpmejnj } an knbmxuanlmbzepkmbn xnpelmbjc|e n ac ~ue an zmpnbmvn" Xnpn ~ue anjekclpnlmn gublmcbe! e| xpelm|c xpclupnp ~ue |egcpkeb lmujnjnbc| lnamgmlnjc|! lnxnle| je etxpe|nplpmzepmc|! mkùmjc| je xpmblmxmc|! je pe|xcb|n`mamjnj|clmna } je zebep lcblmeblmn je |u| jepeldc|"

Lmujnj } xpc}elzc xcazmlc

Lcb|zpump xcazmlnkebze ubn lmujnj e| jcznpan jexpcle|c| xcazmlc| } njkmbm|zpnzmc| ~ue xepkmznb ea

nuzc oc mepbc } an xnpzmlmxnlmb } |u lcb|zpullmb|clmna jeè penamvnp|e je|je an |clmejnj aclna" Eaac|mobmgmln xczeblmnp |u lnxnlmjnj je nuzc cponbmvnlmb} kcmamvnlmb xcazmln" Ea xpc}elzc xcazmlc zmebe lckcznpen ea gcpznaelmkmebzc jea zefmjc |clmna } ubn buengcpkn je lcble`mp } mmp ac xcazmlc eb an lmujnj } |upeomb! nxc}njc| eb ubn xpcxue|zn zmln } zlbmln lcbubn jelmjmjn lcbjullmb xcazmln! ubn `n|e |clmnaguepze } ub xpc}elzc luazupna ~ue mjebzmgm~ue an lmujnj"

An| lmujnje| |e jeèb lcb|zmzump eb | km|kn|xpc}elzc| xcazmlc|! jcznp|e xnpn an nllmb xcazmln }xnpn efeplep lckc epjnjepn| Xcam|" N e|ze pe|xelzc ea

xeb|njcp ldmaebc \epomc @cm|mep dn nnbvnjc ebjmep|n| gcpkuanlmcbe| xnpn lcbzetzunamvnp an lmujnj }an peomb eb ea knplc } eb an xpcxue|zn je ub xpc}elzcxcazmlc" Njmepze ~ue lcb|zpump xcazmlnkebze ubn

peomb $lmujnj- e| jcznpan je e|zpulzupn| xcazmln| }njkmbm|zpnzmn| ~ue xepkmznb ub opnjc npmnàe jenuzcoc`mepbc! naoc ~ue mblau|c xueje dnlep|e xcpjelpezc" ] n peboab |eoumjc lcblexzn6 Lcb|zpump|clmnakebze ubn peomb $lmujnj- e| naoc ~ue jeèdnlep|e je|je } lcb an mblmxmebze |clmejnj peomcbna!zcjn ev ~ue e|ze xpcle|c |mobmgmln xczeblmnp |u

lnxnlmjnj je nuzc+cponbmvnlmb! zpnb|gcpknbjc ubnlckubmjnj mbnbmknjn! |eokebznjn xcp mbzepe|e||elzcpmnae|! xclc xeplexzmn je |u mjebzmgmlnlmbzeppmzcpmna } eb jegmbmzmn! xn|mn! eb czpn cponbmvnjn!lcde|mcbnjn! lcb|lmebze je an mjebzmjnj |clmejnj+peomb! lnxnv je kcmamvnp|e zpn| xpc}elzc| lcaelzmc|!e| jelmp! lnxnv je zpnb|gcpknp|e eb |ufezc je |uxpcxmc je|nppcaac"$00-

E|ze xpcle|c je lcb|zpullmb peomcbna |e nxc}n n |uzupbc eb an xue|zn eb xplzmln je jc| xpc}elzc|6 ubc!je lnplzep xcazmlc peomcbna! xpcjulzcp je lcde|mb }je kcmamvnlmb }! czpc! je bnzupnaevn luazupna peomcbna!

xpcjulzcp je an xeplexlmb lcaelzmn } je mjebzmjnj"Ea xpmkepc je eaac| |uxcbe jegmbmp! je|znln @cm|mep! ubguzupc peomcbna jcbje an mjecacon! |u lcbjmlmbxcazmln! |u nxc}c |clmna } |u `n|nkebzc zlbmlc |enb!|cxcpze } |e knzepmnamle eb ub e|lebnpmc xc|m aejebzpc je an onkn je e|lebnpmc| peomcbnae|je|en ae|9 ea |eoubjc! |uxcbe ubn mbzeamoebzelck`mbnlmb je an nxpcxmnlmb peomcbna je an| luazupn|aclnae| epbluan| xpe+etm|zebze| } an nxpcxmnlmbpeomcbna je an luazupn peomcbna"

Wm|zn je|je an xep|xelzmn up`nb|zmln } je

lcb|zpullmb je lmujnj xnpn nxpceldnp an|xczeblmnamjnje| } dnlep gpebze n ac| xpcàekn| ~ue eaje|nppcaac je an lmujnj xanbzen! dn} ~ue jcznpan je ubxpc}elzc lcaelzmc lnxnv je cpjebnp ea je|nppcaacup`nbc eb èbegmlmc je an kn}cpn je an xcànlmb"E|ze jm|ec lcaelzmc! jekclpzmlnkebze jegmbmjc }nxamlnjc lcb ac| mbzepe|e| kn}cpmznpmc|! lcbzpmùmp n anlcb|zpullmb je ubn lmujnj lcaelzmn } |clmnakebzenxpcxmnjn xcp ac| lmujnjnbc|" E|ze xpc}elzc bc xuejelebzpnp|e |cankebze eb an zpnb|gcpknlmb g|mln je ane|zpulzupn up nbn" Jeè lcbzpmùmp je knbepn|mobmgmlnzmn na lnk`mc je an| e|zpulzupn| kebznae|! }eb |ebzmjc Opnk|lmnbc! jeè lnk`mnp an

|uxepe|zpulzupn je an |clmejnj"

An zpnb|gcpknlmb g|mln jea e|xnlmc e| ub gnlzcpmkxcpznbze eb e|ze xpc}elzc je kefcpnkmebzc! xue|lckc |e dn mbjmlnjc lcb nbzepmcpmjnj! an lcbgmoupnlmbjea zeppmzcpmc e|! na km|kc zmekxc! eaekebzc pe|uaznbze} lcbjmlmcbnbze je ac| xpcle|c| |clmnae| ~ue eb azmebeb auonp"

Ubc je ac| xpmblmxnae| pe~um|mzc| xnpn jcznp n an lmujnjje ub xpc}elzc je e|ze zmxc e| njnxznp an| e|zpulzupn|xcazmln| } njkmbm|zpnzmn| n ac| pe~uepmkmebzc| ~ue an|buen| jmbkmln| zeppmzcpmnae| } |clmnae| xanbzenb"

E|zc jeè dnlep|e n zcjn| an| e|lnan|6 je|je ac oac`nadn|zn ac aclna! lcb ea xpcx|mzc je ~ue |e xepkmznxanbmgmlnp } oe|zmcbnp ubmjnje| |mobmgmlnzmn| jeazeppmzcpmc je an lmujnj! an peomb } ea xn|"


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7/14

+ An| cxepnlmcbe| je je|nppcaac up`nbc |cbnlzunlmcbe| mbzeopnjn| } e|zpnzomln|"

+ Eb an lmujnj ea lnkmbc k| lcpzc ebzpe jc| xubzc| e|ea k| depkc|c" An e|zzmln up`nbn dnle an lmujnjmmàe"

+ Ubn lmujnj jekclpzmln e| ubn lmujnj m|màe! lcb

pegepeblmn| g|mln| } |mkàmln| ~ue u`m~ueb n |uoebze"

+ Lcb|zpump an lmujnj guzupn e| ubn znpen je zcjc|"

+ Ea xpcope|c je an lmujnj |e kmje xcp ea xpcope|c eblnbzmjnj } lnamjnj je |u| e|xnlmc| xàmlc|"

+ Bc dn} je|nppcaac up`nbc xc|mzmc |mb lnxnlmjnj jembeblmb } je xpem|mb" An lmujnj jea knnbn |elcb|zpu}e pembebznbjc an lmujnj jea xn|njc }jm|enbjc lmujnj eb an| gpcbzepn| je an lmujnjnlzuna"

+ An lnamjnj jea je|nppcaac up`nbc jexebje je an

|clmnamvnlmb je an luazupn np~umzelzbmln } e|zzmln jeac| e|xnlmc| xàmlc|! xepc znk`mb je an xebezpnlmbje an luazupn lmln eb ac| jmep|c| nlzcpe| je anlmujnj"

Xcp azmkc je|znlnb ac| nuzcpe|6 an lcbjmlmb xnpn ~ueac| opnbje| xpc}elzc| up nbc| zebonb e|znkuazmjmkeb|mcbnamjnj jexebje je an egmlnlmn jea|m|zekn jekclpzmlc `n|njc eb an je|lebzpnamvnlmbjea E|znjc } an nuzcbckn aclna! an pexpe|ebznzmmjnj }an zpnb|xnpeblmn jea oc`mepbc je an lmujnj } ankuazmxamlnlmb je ac| kelnbm|kc| je xnpzmlmxnlmb } jelckubmlnlmb" $0:-

Ubn znpen } ub pezc je an lcbzekxcpnbemjnj6 anlcb|zpullmb je lmujnjnbn nuzbckn

Xep|xelzmn xcazmln"

Lckc ac |enan Gepbnbjc Ebpm~ue Lnpjcvc6 Lmujnj }xcazmln bnlmepcb eb an zpnjmlmb cllmjebzna lckclcblexzc| } penamjnje| mbzeppeanlmcbnjn|"Ezmkcaomlnkebze! an| npzmluanlmcbe| |cb lanpn|6 lmmzn|} xcam| |cb pnle| ~ue eb jm|zmbzc| mjmckn| etxpe|nb nakm|kc zmekxc! ub kcjc je dn`mznp } ubn gcpkn jexnpzmlmxnp6 lmm|kc } xcazmln$05- Je nd ~ue Npebjzxanbzenpn ~ue6 |ep xcazmlc! mmp eb ubn xcam|!|mobmgmln`n ~ue zcjc |e jeln xcp kejmc je xnan`pn| }je xep|un|mb! } bc lcb an guepvn } an mcaeblmn"

Jc| deldc| lnpnlzepmvnb bue|zpn xcln eb ea e|znjmcje an xcazmln6 xcp ubn xnpze! ea xpcope|c je anjekclpnlmn }! xcp czpn! ea e|znaamjc } eaje|`cpjnkmebzc je ac| e|xnlmc|$07-" Eb e|ze |ebzmjcan lmujnj xueje |ep lcb|mjepnjn lckc ub oepkeb jean kcjepbmjnj! xue| lckc ac dn je|znlnjc Kcan|! anlmujnj e| ea e|an`b k| nazc je an duknbmjnj } je anluazupn! } |e n|mebzn naa jcbje ea xpcope|c dnjeppcznjc na mefc kubjc"$0?-

Ac xcazmlc e| ubn zebjeblmn ~ue |upoe eb } je|xu|je an xpmkepn oueppn kubjmna9 xepc nxnpele eb xaebcpeamee je|xu| je an |eoubjn oueppn kubjmna" Gue

Knt _eèp ~umeb mbmlmn an nxepzupn dnlmn ea lcblexzcxnpn je|xu| jmcplmnpac je an \clmcacon } ac mblau}eje gcpkn etlau|mn eb jm|lu|mcbe| gmac|gmln|" Annuzcpn Nobe| Deaaep xanbzen nlepln jea lcblexzcgmac|gmlc je ac xcazmlc jc| nazepbnzmn|6 c lckclmeblmn! c lckc ubn lmepzn lc|n! ubn lunamjnj! ubgnlzcp! je zna knbepn ~ue zcjc ac ~ue e|z peanlmcbnjc

lcb eaan e| xcazmlc! etlau}bjc|e peldnvn ebzcble| ac~ue bc ac e|9 c lckc ub jckmbmc e|xelgmlc! e| jelmp!ubn e|gepn c ub |m|zekn" Eb an xcln xpekcjepbn bcdn} lcblexzc je ac xcazmlc } |e uzmamvn ubc je lnplzepln|m bnzupnam|zn! |eob ea luna xcazmlc| |cb |acn~ueaac| nlzc| ~ue jelmjeb c penamvnb ac| kmek`pc| jean lan|e xcazmln" Ac| nlzc| je an| lan|e| bc xcazmln|bc |cb nlzc| xcazmlc|" An| mb|zmzulmcbe| peomjn| xcp anlan|e xcazmln |cb xcazmln|9 an| ~ue bc! bc ac |cb" Ealcblexzc je ac xcazmlc! zna } lckc ac |uomepe an nuzcpn!mbluan an xcazmln } an mjn lczmjmnbn je an| xep|cbn|"$04-

Ea bnlmkmebzc je an kcjepbn jekclpnlmn je kn|n|! ebazmkn| mebe n peldnvnp an e~umnaeblmn je lan|excazmln lcb nllmb xcazmln" E| eb e|zn lc}ubzupn ebjcbje e| xpelm|c xcbep |c`pe ea znxeze an lue|zmbpeanzmn na lnplzep je ac xcazmlc! eb ea |ebzmjc jejezepkmbnp ~u nllmcbe|! ~u gebkebc|! ~umb|zmzulmcbe| zmebeb ubn xpclejeblmn xcazmln } luae|bc" Eb ac| zmekxc| kcjepbc| }n bc zmebe |ebzmjcjegmbmp ~umb e| ea E|znjc! |mbc ~u e| ea E|znjc" ] e|ndcpn lunbjc lnjn ev |e ebzmebje kefcp an lpelmebzelckxaefmjnj je an| nxnpmeblmn| ~ue zefeb an pejxcazmln je an kcjepbmjnj" ] e| eb e|zn xcln lunbjc|e xanbzen an gmac|cgn je ac xcazmlc"

Ea lcblexzc bele|mzn lcbzebep } xcbep je knbmgme|zc anzeb|mb ebzpe ea jeè } ea e|! eb |u etm|zeblmn! eb |ukcju| cxepnbjm! eb an| |clmejnje| kcjepbn|"Njek|! ea lcblexzc je ac xcazmlc zmebe ub pe~um|mzcnjmlmcbna! eb ea |ebzmjc eb ~ue ea e| } ea jeè! na e|znplcbzebmjc| eb a } knbmge|znp|e xcp a! jeè |ep je ubzmxc ~ue |en lebzpna xnpn ea gublmcbnkmebzc } anjmbkmln je an lmujnj } an| |clmejnje| kcjepbn|"

Eb ea jckmbmc je ac xcazmlc! e| jelmp! eb ea e|xnlmcxàmlc! an| lc|n| xuejeb lcbepzmp|e eb xcazmln| ebkn}cp c kebcp opnjc kejmnbze nllmcbe|!

mb|zmzulmcbe|! cxmbmcbe|! jm|lu|mcbe|! xpcxc|mlmcbe|!c`fezmc|! ezl"! ~ue xuejeb lcb|mjepnp|e lckc znae|eb pnvb je |u xnpzmlmxnlmb eb ac xcazmlc"

Xcp~ue ea kcjepbc |ebzmjc je ac xcazmlc e|e~umnaebze n an lcblpelmb je an amèpznj" N|mkm|kc ealcblexzc kcjepbc je ac xcazmlc $an lcblpelmb jeanacp je am epznj eb an e|gepn xàmln- dnle jekejmnjcp ebzpe ac ~ue e| } ac ~ue jeè je |ep" E|zenacp xepzebele na np|ebna je ac xcazmlc } |ac | |elcblpezmvn e|z jmpelznkebze lcbelznjn lcb an lnu|nje an amèpznj"

Ac xcazmlc eb an e|gepn xàmln! eb an oe|zmb jeazeppmzcpmc } eb an lmujnj! e| an oe|zmb jea nacp jeamèpznj! je xepknbeblmn xnpn zcjc| eb ub e|xnlmc! jeanppnmonp|e } jea n|ebznp|e eb ub auonp! } ea je


8/14

e|znàelep|e eb ea zmekxc xcp zebep xcjep je jelm|mb} lnxnlmjnj je etmomp e|e e|xnlmc"

\mb ek`npoc! an amèpznj bc etm|ze eb n`|zpnlzc! zcjnev ~ue |e lcbcln je knbepn lcbzmbun eb bue|zpnmjn jmnpmn! eb ea `nppmc! eb an lnaae! eb an ln|n! ebznbzc cluxe ub e|xnlmc } je|ekxee nlzmmjnje| ~ue

mbzepgmepeb c |e n|clmeb n an| je ac| czpc| dn`mznbze|"Xpnlzmlc km amèpznj |m } |ac | eaan bc mbzepgmepe lcb anamèpznj je czpc|" \m bc mcan an| peoan| e|znàelmjn|xcp an jekclpnlmn! | pe|xezn ac| akmze| }lckxcpznkmebzc| etmomjc| xcp eaan" ] e| ea zeppmzcpmc jean lmujnj eb jcbje |e efeple ubn xnpze je e|n amèpznjubmep|na! n zpn| jea e|xnlmc xàmlc } jea xcjep jenxpcxmnpac } mmpac je nluepjc n lnxnlmjnje| }lcbjmlmcbe| jea `meb lckb"

Eb e|zn xcln je lpm|m| je an lmujnj an xcànlmbpe~umepe! lckc bubln nbze|! |ep lcb|lmebze je anbele|mjnj je \EP ub epjnjepc \UFEZC |c`pe |u

zeppmzcpmc" \ufezc zeppmzcpmna ~ue xcp |u bmea jelnxnlmznlmb } lcbclmkmebzc je |u penamjnj! xuejnxanbzenp xcazmln| ~ue peanlmcbeb |u zeppmzcpmc lcb ac|czpc| bmeae| je jckmbmc" Jeè |ep ub |ufezc lcblnxnlmjnj je kcep|e lcb |caeblmn eb ac|lcbclmkmebzc| } eb ea xanbzenkmebzc je xcazmln| jekmlpc } knlpc+zeppmzcpmc" E| jelmp! ub epjnjepc |ufezcxcxuanp lcb ubn nj|lpmxlmb lcb|lmebze kmlpc }knlpc+zeppmzcpmna ~ue ae xepkmzn etmomp na E|znjclcbjmlmcbe| je mjn jmobn|" ] |ac |m |e etmoeb lckcpe|xue|zn na lcbclmkmebzc nj~umpmjc! xcjpb |epje|nppcaanjn| } xue|zn| eb gublmb eb |u ebzcpbc } eb|u mjn jmnpmn"$0=-

Ac xcazmlc je|je an xcànlmb jeè pckxep ebzcble|ea ebln|maankmebzc je akmze| } je gpcbzepn| ~ue eaE|znjc mkxcbe }! je|je aueoc! jeè jegmbmp! eb eak`mzc je |u mjn lczmjmnbn! an peanlmb lcb |u ebzcpbclnjn ev k| nkxamc! k| lckxaefc! } |mb znbzc|akmze|" Xue| jnjn an| lcbjmlmcbe| je mb|eplmb ebczpn| luazupn| } gcpkn| je mjn xcp an xebezpnlmblpelmebze je ac| kejmc| kn|mc| je lckubmlnlmb! anmjn lczmjmnbn e| lnjn ev k| je|zeppmzcpmnamvnjn"

Je lcbgcpkmjnj lcb e|zc| zpkmbc| ac xcazmlc |elcblpezn eb an lczmjmnbmjnj9 e| naa eb jcbje |e

etxpe|nb |u| akmze| na jezepkmbnp peanlmcbe| je xcjepeb ea u|c! pegepeblmn! } etxpe|mb zeppmzcpmna" ] |eebzpnp eb lcbgamlzc c eb npkcbn lcb ea zeppmzcpmcjexebjmebjc je e|ze xcjep" Eb ac mb|zmzulmcbna |eetxpe|np ac ~ue ae xepkmze knbzebep n an xcànlmbje jezepkmbnjn ebzmjnj zeppmzcpmna lcbzpcanjn! mbzeopnjnn an mb|zmzulmcbnamjnj! peanlmcbnjn eb gcpkn jexnpzmlmxnbze je an| bcpkn| } nlnznbjc an| peoan| ~ue|zn ae mkxcbe! eb gmb! lckc kmek`pc |clmna! k| ~uelckc |ufezc xcazmlc" Je czpc anjc! xcp an n je anxcànlmb |e ù|ln lnjn ev k|! ubn peanlmbjmbkmln! nlzmn! ~ue etzmebjn |u jckmbmc } ~uezpn|lmebjn an| `nppepn| ~ue ea E|znjc ae mkxcbe"

Bc dn} ~ue camjnp ~ue an lmujnj e| ea an`cpnzcpmc je anxcazmln } je ac xcazmlc! eb ea luna |e ebluebzpnb ebxepknbebze eùaamlmb ac| eaekebzc| ~ue an

lcb|zmzu}eb" An lmujnj e| ub deldc xcp etleaeblmnjmnlpbmlc" Eb e|zn xep|xelzmn e| mkxc|m aen`nbjcbnp ea zpn`nfc je jmnob|zmlc je|je an lmeblmn }an xcazmln" An lmujnj bele|mzn ub xpcopnknxepknbebze je pelcbclmkmebzc je |u |ep kmlpc }knlpc |clmcaomlc! je |u| mjebzmjnje| } jmep|mjnje|luazupnae|! je |u| zeppmzcpmnamjnje|! je |u jmbkmln

elcbkmln } xcazmln"Nub~ue ea |m|zekn fupjmlc an| pelcbcvln jcbje~umepn!an| |mzunlmcbe| xnpn ea efeplmlmc je an nuzcppenamvnlmbduknbn ebluebzpnb eb an lmujnj an ktmknmbzeb|mjnj" An lmujnj e| e|luean je lmujnjnbn eb |km|kn! xcp~ue e| kmlpclc|kc| jea kubjc! lckc acje|znln Kcan|! ubn ep|mb n e|lnan duknbn jea|m|zekn jekclpzmlc"$


9/14

gma|cgc } |clmacoc Ejonp Kcpb! eb pelmebzexu`amlnlmb ejmzcpmna! jmle ~ue e|znkc| eb ub xepcjcxcazmlnkebze peope|mc! an xcazmln pejulmjn n anelcbckn! } kebznakebze peope|mn! an| mjen|gpnokebznpmn| } opeonpmn|"$


10/14

ubn jekclpnlmn xnpzmlmxnzmn } an xcazmln lckcmb|zpukebzc je |u penamvnlmb" @nfc e|zc| xc|zuanjc||e mb|xmpn an Lmujnj Ejulnjcpn ~ue ~uepekc|lcb|zpump } ~ue jegebjekc| lckc xpc}elzc lcaelzmc"

Pelmebzekebze! Njean Lcpzmbn xpcxu|c n`pmp ea je`nze|c`pe ea lcblexzc je lmujnjnbn xcazmln } lmujnjnbn

|clmna! eb an ~ue ac| lmujnjnbc|! lckc xpcznocbm|zn|!lcb|zmzu}eb ea efe lebzpna" \ena! n|mkm|kc! ~ue anbclmb je lmujnjnbn xcazmln! dubje |u| pnle| eb anOpelmn La|mln } aaeon dn|zn bue|zpc| jn| je an knbcje zpnjmlmcbe| pexuàmlnbn| lckc an xpc|eoumjn xcpDnbbnd Npebjz9 Je|je e|zn xep|xelzmn! bc e| |aclmujnjnbc n~uea ~ue zmebe ubn ljuan je mjebzmjnj cub xn|nxcpze! |mbc ea ~ue xnpzmlmxn eb an|jeamèpnlmcbe| } jelm|mcbe| ~ue |e zcknb eb zcpbc nan| lue|zmcbe| x amln|" Nuzbzmlc lmujnjnbc jmpne|zn zpnjmlmb eb bue|zpc| jn|+ e| n~uea ~ue zcknxnpze nlzmn eb ac xàmlc! eb n~ueaac ~ue n zcjc|ngelzn"

Eb ea lcblexzc je lmujnjnbn |clmna! zna lckc aclcblm`m Knp|dnaa! lmujnjnbc e| n~uea ~ue eb ubnlckubmjnj xcazmln e xpczeomjc| |u| jepeldc| lmmae|$am epznje| mbjmmjunae|-! xcazmlc| $xnpzmlmxnlmbxcazmln- } |clmnae| $zpn`nfc! ejulnlmb! |nauj } lnamjnjje mjn-" Ea lcblexzc je lmujnjnbn |clmna lpzmln etmoen ac| lmujnjnbc| n|ukmp |u pe|xcb|n`mamjnj" Xcp ebje!|u xpcznocbm|kc! eb an lcb|zpullmb je ubn |clmejnjje fu|zmlmn! e| mkxc|màe |mb an xnpzmlmxnlmb nlzmn je an|clmejnj lmma! lckc mkxc|màe |mb ea gcpznaelmkmebzc jeubn |clmejnj lmma lnxnv je n|ukmp nlzmnkebze |ulcppe|xcb|n mamjnj eb an lpenlmb je ubn |clmejnj

fu|zn6 \m pedu|nkc| |ep ac| xpcznocbm|zn| je bue|zpndm|zcpmn xcjpekc| zebep an lepzevn je ~ue bnjme andnp xcp bc|czpc|! xcp ~ue bnjme xueje dnlepan$


11/14

luebzn an mkxcpznblmn je an jmep|mjnj luazupna } eapelcbclmkmebzc jea czpc! an e|luean |e lcbepzmpn ebubn e|luean je an lckubmlnlmb"

Je|nppcaanp ub xeb|nkmebzc } ubn xplzmlnejulnzmn#lckubmlnlmcbna lpzmln! dn`p je |mobmgmlnpdc} bc |ac pckxep an zpnkn je ac lckubmznpmc } je

je|+epc|mcbnp ac| luepxc| ~ue dnb |mjc lcb|mjepnjc|lckc c`fezc| knbefn ae| } |u|lexzmàe| je |epknplnjc| xcp |ebzmjc| lpm|znamvnjc|! |mbcgubjnkebznakebze lcb|zpump eb xpcle|c ubnlmujnjnbn lu}c |ebzmjc bc jeè lanu|upnp|enbzmlmxnjnkebze! |mbc ~ue jeè lnpnlzepmvnp|e!lcb|zpump|e } gcpknp|e lckc xpcle|c je auldn xcp anlmujnjnbn! eb ea ~ue |e xcbeb eb xplzmln an|kejmnlmcbe| ebzpe an| luazupn| } an| xcazmln|"

An lmujnj nlzuna e| lcpxu| } lcbzetzc je lmujnjnbn|jmep|n|! kuazmxamlmjnj luazupna } |mkuaznbemjnj! zcjc eblcb|znbze kcmkmebzc" Naa! an pexpe|mb } an zelbcacon

lckc cpjebnjcpe| je an lmujnj pe|uaznb jujc|c| }bubln lckc dc} an ejulnlmb lmujnjnbn zuc ub xnxeaznb mkxcpznbze! xcp~ue e|zn lmujnj buen! mbjmzn!etmoe |caulmcbe| znk`mb mbjmzn|6 ejulnlmb up`nbn!ac ~ue |mobmgmln eb|enp } nxpebjep n lcbmmp eb an|jmgepeblmn|! eb ac kazmxae } eb ac |mkuazbec"

Dc} jeèkc| kmpnp ub lcpxu| dezepcobec je c`fezc|luazupnae|! luna gpnokebzc| np mzpnpmc| ~ue fueonb|c`pe an| e|zpulzupn| mbe|znàe|6 an lmujnj jea bknjn!jea xn|nfepc! jea nlcbzelmkmebzc egkepc } je anetzeb|mb dckcoben e mbjezepkmbnjn bc xueje |epmbe|zmonjn je|je an pmomjev lcbjulzm|zn9 kuldc

kebc| xueje |ep ebln|maanjn eb bcpknzmn| nfebn|~ue mbzebznb pexpmkmp |mb lckxpebjep"

An lmujnj nj~umpm nuzcbckn eb ea jmacoc lcb ealmujnjnbc6 nk`c| eb|enb } nxpebjeb! |e peanlmcbnbeb ea lcblexzc je je|ec" An lmujnj eb|en je|je annlzunamjnj } je|je an dm|zcpmn! xcp~ue eb lnjn ubc jeac| kckebzc| e| xpe|ebze } kekcpmn je |u|nlcbzelmkmebzc| } je |u| e|xnlmc|! ~ue |cb ea knplc!an e|lebcopngn xnpn an mjn9 lckc ac| jegmbe Bcpèpo+\lduav! ac| e|xnlmc| xnpn an etm|zeblmn"$:5-

Eb e|zn jmpellmb dn} ~ue je|znlnp ~ue bc|

eb|enpcb n ep eb an lmujnj! ea pe|uaznjc je ac|xpcle|c| xepc bc ac| xpcle|c|9 je|je LmujnjEjulnjcpn lckc xpcle|c! an znpen e| lckc an |enanInngm| eb ea xcekn |c`pe Mznln6 cfna ~ue ea lnkmbc|en anpoc! +|uomepe ea xcezn je Naefnbjpn+! bcnxpe|upnpac } aaenp eb ea xeb|nkmebzc an lmujnj|cnjn xcp~ue n eaan |e jeè ea mnfe" Xcp zcjc e|zc! anejulnlmb! jeè e|znp jmpmomjn k| na mnfe ~ue nanppnmoc! k| na bknjn ~ue na |ejebznpmc! xcp~ue k|eb|en ea mnfe ~ue an e|znlmb" $:7-

Eb e|ze xpcx|mzc lcb|zpump lmujnj } lmujnjnbn!mkxamln ubn xnpzmlmxnlmb jeamèpnbze je zcjc| } lnjn

ubc je |u| kmek`pc| eb ac| je|zmbc| } nlcbzelepe| jean xcam|! e| nbze zcjc ubn nlzmzuj je efeplmlmc xplzmlc }jelm|mb lcaelzmn9 eb e|zn jmpellmb |enan Npm|zzeae|6E| lmujnjnbc! ea mbjmmjuc ~ue xueje zebep eb an

n|nk aen xàmln } eb ea zpm ubna cv jeamèpnbze!luna~umepn ~ue |en an xcam| je ~ue e| kmek`pc! } xcpxcam| ebzmebjc ubn kn|n je lmujnjnbc| ~ue xc|eezcjc ac mbjm|xeb|nàe xnpn |nzm|gnlep an| bele|mjnje|je an etm|zeblmn" $:?-

An peanlmb ebzpe an lmujnj } ea lcbclmkmebzc e| ku}

nbzmoun! xepc e|xelmnakebze ebzpe an lmujnj } angcpknlmb jea mbjmmjuc" Je eaac e| xpczczmxc an lmujnjopmeon lcb ea ocpn } an nlnjekmn $an xcam|- } an lmujnjpcknbn lcb |u| gcpc| } amlec| $an lmmzn|-9 naa |e jn`nan gcpknlmb nlnjkmln je an xcln } an ejulnlmbxàmln eb ea efeplmlmc jea je`nze xcazmlc je ac|lmujnjnbc|"

Xepc czpc ln|c e|xelmna e|z eb ea xeb|nkmebzc jeInbz lunbjc je|lpmè |u lmujnj } an xpcxcbe lckcmjena6 Ubn opnb lmujnj! ea lebzpc je ub pembc! eb an~ue |e ebluebzpeb ac| ponbc| jea oc mepbc! ~uezebon ubn ubmep|mjnj $xnpn ea luazmc je an| lmeblmn|-!

} njek| ubn |mzunlmb gncpnàe xnpn ea lckeplmcknpzmkc! ~ue gnlmamze ub zpgmlc gaumna znbzc lcb eambzepmcp jea xn| lckc lcb czpc| xn|e| amkzpcge| }pekczc| je jmgepebze| aeboun| } lc|zuk`pe|! + ubn znalmujnj! lckc xcp efekxac Ibm|èpo n an cpmaan jeaXpeoea! xueje |ep lcb|mjepnjn lckc ub auonpnjelunjc xnpn ea je|nppcaac znbzc jea lcbclmkmebzc jean duknbmjnj lckc jea kubjc6 jcbje jmldclcbclmkmebzc xueje |ep nj~umpmjc mblau|me |mb zebep~ue mnfnp" $:4-

Ea zpkmbc lmujnj } lmujnjnbn mebe je lmmzn|!lckc an aankn`nb ac| pcknbc|" Epn ea auonp jcbje

dn`mzn`nb ac| lmujnjnbc|! e| jelmp! n~ueaac| n ~umebe|ae| e|zn`n xepkmzmjc xnpzmlmxnp eb ac| n|ubzc| jeaE|znjc! ~ue eb |u ep|mb pcknbn epn an km|knlmujnj! c |en an Lmujnj+E|znjc" Xcp eaac |ejmgepeblmn`nb je ac| etzpnbfepc| $ac| aanknjc|`p`npc|-! je ac| e|lanc| } je czpc| etlaumjc| jee|e e|xnlmc } je e|e kcju| mebjm"

Eb |u cpmoeb! ea lcblexzc je lmujnjnbn e|z xue|amonjc n an xnpzmlmxnlmb xcazmln! na efeplmlmc je e|zejepeldc" ] an ejulnlmb jea lmujnjnbc! epn anejulnlmb jea dck`pe xnpn mmp eb an |clmejnj! e|zcepn! xnpn mmp eb an lmujnj"

Xnpn bc|czpc| ea zpkmbc lmujnjnbn dn e|znjcn|clmnjc n an jekclpnlmn ùpoue|n xnpankebznpmn" \mbek`npoc e| bele|npmc ngmpknp ~ue ea efeplmlmc je anlmujnjnbn e| znb mkxcpznbze xnpn e|ze zmxc jejekclpnlmn lckc xnpn luna~umep xpc}elzc jezpnb|gcpknlmb xcazmln ~ue |e je|ee ekxpebjep" Jedeldc! eaac |e dn knbzebmjc xcp |moac| nb lcb bjmle|xpelnpmc| je xnpzmlmxnlmb eaelzcpna! lckc dn|zn dnlexclc |e lcbclnb eb Lcack`mn" Eb lnk`mc dn |mjc eaxpmblmxna c`|zluac xnpn ~ue gacpevlnb nazepbnzmn|xcazmln| xpcope|m|zn|"

Xepc an lmujnjnbn bc |e pegmepe |cac n ac| opnbje|n|ubzc| jea E|znjc |mbc } |c`pe zcjc n ac| xpcàekn|lczmjmnbc|! n an xnpzmlmxnlmb eb an peouanlmb jea u|cjea e|xnlmc xàmlc! n an bcpknzmvnlmb fu|zn je an|


12/14

peanlmcbe| jea E|znjc lcb ac| lmujnjnbc|" Eb ubnxnan`pn! an lmujnjnbn xn|n xcp an lcb|zpullmb } eagcpznaelmkmebzc je an lmmamjnj! je an |clmejnj lmma" Ealmujnjnbc |e lcb|zpu}e eb an xnpzmlmxnlmb xcazmln|c`pe ea je|zmbc je an |clmejnj" \mb ubn xnpzmlmxnlmbeb an mjn xàmln bc e| xc|m ae lcb|zpump anlmujnjnbn6 ea lmujnjnbc jeè! lckc xeb|n`n

Npm|zzeae|! |ep n~uea ~ue e| lnxnv je ocèpbnp } je|ep ocèpbnjc" Xcp lcb|moumebze ea xpc}elzc je lmujnjjeè zebep lckc efe npzmluanjcp an lcb|zpullmb je ubnbuen lmujnjnbn$:=-

E|zc |e lcblpezn eb an xnpzmlmxnlmb! xcp jmep|c|kelnbm|kc|! eb an zckn je jelm|mcbe| |c`pelue|zmcbe| je mbzep| lckb6 An nuzcbckn xcazmlnje ac| lmujnjnbc| jeè etxpe|np|e eb an nuzc+cponbmvnlmb je ubn lckubmjnj ~ue |e jn |u| ae}e|kejmnbze an caubznj jea xueàc" An nuzcbckn xpmnjnje ac| lmujnjnbc| jeè xcp czpn xnpze + |enanDnèpkn| lc`pnp gcpkn eb ac| jepeldc|

gubjnkebznae| ~ue onpnbzmvnb ea jckmbmc nbbmkc jean| ae}e|"$58-

Xepc e|zn lcbjmlmb je lmujnjnbc! `meb |en gcpknjneb nlzc xejnoomlc c je|nppcaac xcazmlc eb eae|lebnpmc je an lmujnj! dc} zmebe ~ue lcb|camjnp }xpcgubjmvnp an jekclpnlmn! an lcde|mb |clmna! ane~umjnj! an xnpzmlmxnlmb! eb |ukn! an kcjepbnlmujnjnbn"

Eb ac| xpcx|mzc| nbzepmcpe|! xcjekc| xeplnznpbc| je~ue ea pezc xejnoomlc e| ebcpke" ] bc e| czpc ~ue eaje lcbzpmùmp kejmnbze xpcle|c| je kcmamvnlmb |clmna

} xcazmln! ebzebjmjc| znk`mb eb lane ejulnzmn! ngcpknp |ufezc| xcazmlc| ubmep|nae| eb znbzc aclnae|!lcb mjebzmjnje| |mkuazben| } lnk`mnbze|"

Bc e|znkc| nbze ub xpe+pe~um|mzc je lmujnjnbnxcazmln! e| jelmp! bc |e zpnzn je lcb|zpump xpmkepc an|lcbjmlmcbe| |clmnae| } elcbkmln| xnpn mmp lcbjmobmjnj } aueoc! nd |! cluxnp|e je ac| xpcàekn| jembzep| lckb" E|znkc| nbze ub xpcle|c |mkuazbec"Eb ea nlzc je jcznp|e je an| lcbjmlmcbe| pegepmjn|! jelcb|zpump ubn lmujnj k| na nalnble je |u knbc! |elcb|zmzu}eb ac| |ufezc| nuzbckc| ~ue efepleb ubnlmujnjnbn xaebn"

Lmujnjnbn6 ub je|ngc xcazmlc xnpn an lmujnj"

An lmujnjnbn gue eb ea xn|njc ub nzpm uzc ~uejm|zmboun n ac| dn`mznbze| xepknbebze| } pelcbclmjc|lckc znae| je an lmujnj" \uxcbn ub e|znzu| jegmbmjcxcp ub lcbfubzc je jepeldc| } jeèpe| lmlc|! |clmc+elcbkmlc| } xcazmlc|! ~ue |e xcjn efeplep eb eak`mzc jea zeppmzcpmc je an lmujnj $~ue eb kuldc|ln|c| epn `n|znbze k| etzeb|c ~ue ea cluxnjc xcp eablaec noackepnjc-"

Aueoc! n xnpzmp jea |moac TWMMM } |c`pe zcjc eb ea TMT! an

lmujnjnbn |e gue mbluanbjc na E|znjc+Bnlmb" Ac|lmujnjnbc| epnb ac| ~ue xc|enb an bnlmcbnamjnj!nzpmùzc ~ue lcblejn ea E|znjc! }! eb znbzc ~ue znae|!epnb zmzuanpe| je jepeldc| xcazmlc| etlau|mc|

$xnpzmlmxnp eb ac| xpcle|c| eaelzcpnae|! gcpknpn|clmnlmcbe| } xnpzmjc|! |ep gublmcbnpmc| x amlc|!ezl"-" Ac| jepeldc| |clmnae| } lmlc| je ac|lmujnjnbc| znk`mb epnb k| nkxamc| ~ue ac| je ac|bc+lmujnjnbc| $etzpnbfepc| pe|mjebze| c je xn|c-!xepc ea lcblexzc je lmujnjnbn |e dn nxamlnjcxpmblmxnakebze na e|znzu| xcazmlc+fupjmlc $|c`pe zcjc

eb an luazupn nboac+|nfcbn- eb ea knplc jea E|znjc" \ucpmoeb lmujnjnbc |e dn ln|m camjnjc"

An lmujnj e| an kefcp cxcpzubmjnj je mbbcnlmbxcazmln" Xcp an lckxaefmjnj je an| xcazmln| xàmln|~ue eb eaan jeèb mbzeopnp|e } xcp ubn jmkeb|mb ~uexepkmze ubn peanlmb k| jmpelzn lcb an xcànlmb" Eak`mzc peomcbna+kezpcxcamznbc! ea je lmujnj } ea je`nppmc }n pe~umepeb |caulmcbe| cpmombnae|! bcubmgcpkm|zn|" Znk`mb e| ea auonp je mbbcnp eb an|peanlmcbe| ebzpe njkmbm|zpnlmb } lmujnjnbc|" Dc} |ednàn k| je xnpzmlmxnlmb lmujnjnbn ~ue jexnpzmlmxnlmb xcazmln" An oe|zmb xcazmln aclna pe~umepe

dc} kuazmxamlnp an mbgcpknlmb! an lckubmlnlmb!|clmnamvnp an| xczeblmnamjnje| je an| buen|zelbcacon|" An xnpzmlmxnlmb xueje |ep mbgcpknlmb!je`nze! beoclmnlmb" Znk`mb xueje jepmnp ebgpkuan| je lccxepnlmb! je efeplmlmc| c oe|zmb xcpkejmc je an |clmejnj lmma $n|clmnlmcbe| c lcaelzmc|!ekxpe|npmc| lmujnjnbc|! cponbm|kc| |mbjmlnae| cxpcge|mcbnae|! ezl"-"

Ea e|znzuzc je lmujnjnbc pexpe|ebzn ub zpmxae je|ngcxnpn an lmujnj } ea oc`mepbc aclna"

Ub je|ngc xcazmlc6 lcb~um|znp an lnxnlmjnj aeona }

cxepnzmn xnpn lcbzpmùmp c ubmep|namvnp ea e|znzuzcxcazmlc+fupjmlc je zcjn an xc anlmb" ] znk`mbnj~umpmp an| lckxezeblmn| } ac| pelup|c| bele|npmc|xnpn je|nppcaanp an| xcazmln| xàmln| ~ue dnonbxc|màe ea efeplmlmc } an xpczellmb je ac| jepeldc| }jeèpe| lmujnjnbc|"

Ub je|ngc |clmna! xpckcep an| xcazmln| |clmnae|up`nbn| ~ue nzn~ueb n an| jm|lpmkmbnlmcbe| ~uemkxc|m`mamznb c pejuleb ea k`mzc je an lmujnjnbn6ekxaec! |mzunlmb je uabepn mamjnj! knpombnlmbluazupna! ezl"

Ub je|ngc e|xelgmlnkebze up`nbc6 dnlep je anlmujnj! je |u| lebzpnamjnje| } kcbukebznamjnj! je ankcmamjnj } nlle|m`mamjnj oebepnamvnjn|! je an lnamjnj} m|m`mamjnj je |u| `nppmc|! je an guepvn je mbzeopnlmbje |u| e|xnlmc| xàmlc|! je an nuzce|zmkn je |u|dn mznbze|! jea pelcbclmkmebzc etzepmcp! ezl" ubnxpcjulzcpn je |ebzmjc n an mjn lczmjmnbn! jelmujnjnbn"

An xpcjullmb je lmujnjnbn } ea pca je ac| oc`mepbc|aclnae| e| ub je|ngc xcazmlc bc etlau|mc je |zc|" Anxcazmln bc pejule |u e|xnlmc n an| mb|zmzulmcbe|! ac|xnpzmjc| } an| eaellmcbe|" Dn} czpc e|xnlmc! ea je an

|clmejnj xcazmln $kefcp ~ue |clmejnj lmma- ~ue e| ea~ue lpenb } cluxnb zcjc| ac| cponbm|kc| } gcpkn| jenllmb lcaelzmn lunbjc nb k| naa je |u| c`fezmc|e mbzepe|e| mbkejmnzc| } lcpxcpnzmc|" E| ea e|xnlmc je


13/14

an xnpzmlmxnlmb lmujnjnbn ~ue xanbzen jeknbjn| }xpcxue|zn| } nb jeèpe| } pe|xcb|n`mamjnje| xnpnlpmzmlnp } cgpelep nazepbnzmn|! xepc znk`mb xnpnefeluznp } oe|zmcbnp xpcopnkn| } xpc}elzc| |clmnae|!luazupnae|! je xpckclmb elcbkmln c je |camjnpmjnj"

An pembeblmb je an lmujnj lmujnjnbn! jea e|xnlmc

xàmlc lcb|zpulzcp+cpjebnjcp je lmujnj } jeaup`nbm|kc lckc xpcjulzcp je |ebzmjc bc e| kcbcxcamcje bnjme"

Ac| xcazmlc| eaeomjc| jekclpzmlnkebze zmebeb anpe|xcb|n`mamjnj je an jelm|mb je ac| xpc}elzc|xàmlc|" An| cponbmvnlmcbe| |clmnae| zmebeb eajepeldc } ea jeèp je etmomp ~ue |e zckeb eb luebzn!|e je`nznb } |e beoclmeb |u| lpzmln|! |u| jeknbjn|} |u| xpcxue|zn|" Ac| xpcge|mcbnae| zmebeb anc amonlmb je ean`cpnp nbam|m| } xpcxue|zn|gcpknamvnjn| } mnàe|! je e|luldnp n ac| czpc|! xepcznk`mb je jegebjep |u| lcbmllmcbe| } |u| xpc}elzc|

dn|zn ea gmbna"Xnpn zepkmbnp |e xpeoubzn ea nuzcp Lnznab! Fcpjm@cpfn6 An| lmujnje| jeèb pe|mobnp|e n |eplcbzmbebze| xn|mc| je an| xpc aekzmln| |clmnae|!luazupnae|! nk`mebznae|""" jepmnjn| je an oac`namvnlmb} je an xpjmjn je lnxnlmjnj peouanjcpn je ac|xcjepe| xàmlc| e|znznae| } |uxpne|znznae|3

] pe|xcbje6 |m an lmujnj e| ac ~ue |e |uxcbe ~ue jeè|ep! ub auonp } ubn lckubmjnj lcb lnxnlmjnj jenuzcoc`mepbc! dc} e| znk`mb ub zeppmzcpmc npzmluanjc~ue! eb an| peomcbe| k| je|nppcaanjn| } up`nbmvnjn|!

lcbmepze n an lmujnj! je deldc! eb ub |m|zekn jelmujnje|" E|ze e|xnlmc zmebe moeblmn elcbkmln!ù|ln an lcde|mb |clmna! zmebe mjebzmjnj luazupna $c anlcb|zpu}e- } e| lnxnv je jegmbmp e|zpnzeomn| jeje|nppcaac lcblepznjc ebzpe mb|zmzulmcbe| aclnae|+peomcbnae| } |clmejnj lmma" Ebzcble| |e ae xuejebeonp ea jepeldc } an xc|m`mamjnj je |ep ub nlzcppe|xelzc n ac| lcbzebmjc| xpcàekzmlc| ~ue n|uke3Ub nlzcp ~ue pelankn mbzepebmp eb ac| xpcle|c| ~ueoebepnb ac| xpcàekn| je an lmujnj } eb an| xcazmln|lcb ~ue |e ae| jn pe|xue|zn"

Ea je|ngc xcazmlc je an lmujnj eb an oac`namvnlmb e|

ea je c`zebep ub pelcbclmkmebzc je nlzcp xcazmlc ne|lnan oac`na! k| naa je |u zeppmzcpmc } k| naa jean| lnjn ev k| npzmgmlmnae| gpcbzepn| je |u E|znjc"Ea kubjc nlzuna etmoe ub xanbzenkmebzcoac`namvnjcp! ubn npzmluanlmb je ac aclna+oac`na$5>-"Lkc xueje jnp|e e|zn npzmluanlmb3 An luazupnxcazmln } fupjmln jeè n|ukmp ea nbnlpcbm|kc jekcbcxcamc ~ue xpezebjeb zebep ac| e|znjc| je |ep ac|bmlc| |ufezc| xcazmlc| je an| peanlmcbe|mbzepbnlmcbnae| } je `n|np |u aeomzmkmjnj xnpn eaac eb|ep jezebznjcpe| je an |cèpnbn"

Xepempn! noc|zc je 088>"

Bczn|

$>- KCAN\ @NZAACPM! M|mjpe" An lmujnj } an lmujnjnbnjekclpzmln" Ubn xep|xelzmn xcazmln" Eb6 An LmujnjEjulnjcpn" @npleacbn" >==8" X" :4"

$0- GNUPE! Ejonp } czpc|" Nxpebjep n |ep" UBE\LC"

@npleacbn" >=?" \nbzng je @cocz" >==>"Ubn etxamlnlmb nzebzn jean pegaetmb je e|ze mkxnlznbze xeb|njcp |e xuejelcb|uaznp eb an mbzpcjullmb n ubn |eaellmb je |u| zetzc|`|mlc| xuàmlnjc| `nfc ea zzuac je Cbzcacon je anlpenlmb" EbQ6 Pe" Eb|n}c } eppcp" Bc" >" \nbzng je@cocz" >=

$7- KCPMB! Ejonp" Mbzpcjullmb na xeb|nkmebzc lckxaefc"Oecje|mn" Knjpmj" >==4" xo" = } ||"KCPMB! Ejonp"Mbzpcjullmb na xeb|nkmebzc lckxaefc" Oecje|mn" Knjpmj">==4" x" = } ||"

$?- Lmznjc xcp KCPMB" Cx" lmz" x" =4=

$=- VNPCBE! Omu|exxe" Kezng|mln je an Lmujnj" Xpe+zetzc|! Ubmep|mjnj je Kuplmn" E|xnn" >==8- Xnpn ndcbjnp eb e|ze xeb|nkmebzc e| pelckebjnàelcb|uaznp an| c`pn| je nuzcpe| lckc6 Ma}n! Ln|zcpmnje|!Lcpbeamu|! Dnèpknb|! ebzpe czpc|"Xnpn ndcbjnp eb e|zexeb|nkmebzc e| pelckebjnàe lcb|uaznp an| c`pn| jenuzcpe| lckcQ6 Ma}n! Ln|zcpmnjm|! Lcpbeamu|! Dnèpknb|!ebzpe czpc|"

$>>- KMBM\ZEPMC JE JE\NPPCAAC ELCBCKMLC"Lmujnje| } Lmujnjnbn" An Xcazmln Up nbn jea \nazc\clmna" Xpe|eblmn" \nbzng je @cocz" >==5" xo" 0- OMPNAJC M\NVN! Gn`mc" Xnpnjmokn| zepmlc| }kcjeac| je je|nppcaac6 An lckxaefmjnj } an Xcazmln Up`nbn"Eb6 Xnpnjmokn| zepmlc| } kcjeac| je je|nppcaac ebNkpmln Anzmbn" Nxubze| jea Oebe|" \exnpnzn Bc" 0" \nbzng je @cocz" >==5" xo" 0=? } ||"OMPNAJC M\NVN! Gn`mc"

Xnpnjmokn| zepmlc| } kcjeac| je je|nppcaacQ6 Anlckxaefmjnj } an Xcazmln Up`nbn" EbQ6 Xnpnjmokn| zepmlc|} kcjeac| je je|nppcaac eb Nkpmln Anzmbn" Nxubze| jeaOebe|" \exnpnzn Bc" 0" \nbzng je @cocz" >==5" x 0=? }||"


14/14

$>88"

$>5- Lgp" _NOEB\@EPO! Fcpoe6 Mjen| |c`pe anlckxaefmjnj jea kubjc" Knjpmj">==7

$>7- Lgp" KCPMB! Ejonp" @mcacon jea lcbclmkmebzc9 anlckxuznlmb mmebze" Knjpmj">==4

$>?- Lgp! OEAA+KNBB! Kuppmn" Ea ~unpi } ea fnounp"@npleacbn">==?

$>4- Cx" lmz" xo">4=

$>=- Lgp" KNPZB+@NP@EPC! Fe||6 Deoekcbnlckubmlnlmcbna } je|lebzpnkmebzc luazupna" Ktmlc">==4

$08- Lgp" @CPFN! Fcpjm" Lmujnj } Jekclpnlmn" Eb6 Pe"Gcpc! Bc" 5! @cocz! >=44"Lgp" @CPFN! Fcpjm" Lmujnj }Jekclpnlmn" EbQ6 Pe" Gcpc! Bc" 5! @cocz! >=44"

$0>- M`mj"M`mj"

$00- @CM\MEP! \epomc" Ea jgmlma npze je dnlep peomb" Amkn"xo" ?5 } ||"@CM\MEP! \epomc" Ea jgmlma npze je dnleppeomb" Cx" lmz" x" ?5 } ||"

$0======?" xo" 070 }||"@CPFN! Fcpjm9 LN\ZEAA\! Knbuea" Ac aclna } ac oac`na"An oe|zmb je an| lmujnje| eb an epn je an mbgcpknlmb"Znupu|" Knjpmj" >==?" x" 070 } ||"

$05- LNPJCVC! Gepbnbjc Ebpm~ue" N lmjnje e n xcazmln"Lunjepbc B" ?! LE@PNX" >=?0! xo"0="

$07- Lgp" PCJPMOUEV P" Fndmp } PCFN\ NPMN\! KmoueaNboea" Lmujnj } lckxcpznkmebzc eaelzcpna" Eb6 Jekclpnlmn!xcazmln } xnv" An Xnzpmn" Knbmvnae|" >==4"

$0?- KCAN\ @nzaacpm! M|mjpe" An Lmujnj } an LmujnjnbnJekclpzmln" Eb6 An Lmujnj Ejulnjcpn" @npleacbn" >==8!xo" :> ||"

$04- DEAAEP! Nobe|" Dm|zcpmn } guzupc" \c pemmp ankcjepbmjnj3" Xebb|uan" @npleacbn >==>" xo" 0>= } ||"

$0=- Lgp" LCPNOMC! Fc| Aum|" Lmujnje| |mb puk`c"Mbe|zmonlmb up`nbn } xpc}elzc xcxuanp" Ktmlc">=45"

$=58"

$==4" X>=:

$

ciudades educadoras (2001)

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