ciencias auxiliares del derecho penal

7/25/2019 CIENCIAS AUXILIARES DEL DERECHO PENAL

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TEMA II

CIENCIASAUXILIARES DEL

DERECHO PENAL

2.2.- EVOLUCIN HISTRICA Y PRINCIPALES

ESCUELAS.Evolucin Histric

! VENGANZA PRIVADA.-(E"" nti#u$ t%&i'n s( l( ll%v(n#n) "( l sn#r( o '*oc &+r&r, c" %ili, c" #ru*o s( *rot(#( si'n"os( /ustici *or si %is%os "(01 u( l uncin r(*r(siv (st& (n %nos "(l *rticulr,sin "u" s( ori#in *or (l 0o%ici"io ls l(sion(s u( son

"(litos "( nturl() sn#ri(ntos.


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! VENGANZA DIVINA.-E"" nti#u, (n (st( *(rio"o s((sti% l "(lito co%o un "( ls cuss "( "(scont(nto "(los "ios(s *or (so los /u(c(s tri&unl(s /u)#n (n

no%&r( "( l "ivini"" o(n"i" *ronuncin suss(nt(ncis ( i%*on(n ls *(ns *r stisc(r su ir, (s%n(/" *or l cls( sc(r"otl.

! VENGANZA PUBLICA.- 3E"" %("i$ (n (st (t* lostri&unl(s /u)#n (n no%&r( "( l col(ctivi"" *r lslv#ur" "( (st c" v() i%*on(n *(ns %+s cru(l(s (

in0u%ns, u( n" s( r(s*(t&, ll(#n"o l &sur"o"( "(s(nt(rrr c"+v(r(s *r /u)#rlos, sur#( l tortur,cl&o)os, /ul "( 0i(rro, /ul "( %"(r, *otro, r#oll,*icot, 0orc, )ot(s ru(" (tc....

! PERIODO HUMANITARIO.-Est( *(rio"o s( crct(ri)*oru( l (4c(siv cru(l"" l( si#ui un %ovi%i(nto0u%ni)"o (n #(n(rl "( los sist(%s *(nl(s (n (st(*(rio"o "(stc l o&r "( C(sr "( 5on(ssn, 6ru(s"( 5(cr( intit7llo 8 "(l "(lito "( l *(n8 (l cul*r(ci (n 9:;< si(n"o (st o&r un cr1tic "( lossist(%s (%*l("os (n l *liccin "( nu(vos conc(*tos nu(vs *r+ctics.

! ETAPA CIENTFICA.-Nc( "(s"( u( s( (%*i() sint(ti)r los (stu"ios so&r( %t(ri *(nl, inici+n"os( conl o&r "( 5on(ssn cul%inn"o con =rncisco Crrrui(n (s (l *ort (stn"rt( "( l (scu(l cl+sic.


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Princi*l(s Escu(ls

ESCUELA CLSICA

! I#ul"" "( "(r(c0os.-(l0o%&r( nci li&r( ( i#ul(n "(r(c0os


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! Li&r( l&("r1o.- (n los0o%&r(s (st+ "(*osit"o (l&i(n (l %l, (n virtu" "(u( son li&r(s ti(n(n lc*ci"" "( (l(#ir (ntr(%&os c%inos, si s(

(sco#( (l "(l %l (s *oru(s1 lo uiso.

! Enti"" "(lito.- conin"(*(n"(nci "(l s*(ctoint(rno "(l 0o%&r(


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! R(s*ons&ili"" oi%*ut&ili"" %orl.-(sto (sl cons(cu(nci "(l li&r(l&("r1o.

! P(n *ro*orcionl l "(lito.-Es un r(tri&ucin s(>l"(n or% i/

! 6'to"o "("uctivo,t(l(ol#ico (s*(cultivo.-Est( (s *ro*io "( lsci(ncis culturl(s.


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ESCUELA POSITIVA

! S( *r(s(nt co%o ln(#cin "( l (scu(lcl+sic " *r(*on"(rnci

l *(rsonli"" "(l"(lincu(nt(, *r(t(n"i(n"oc%&ir (l crit(rior(*r(nsi&l(. El *ositivis%o

3"( (st (scu(l$ no ni(#l (4ist(nci "( lo &solutoo %(t1sico, *(ro no s(ocu* "(l *ro&l(%,

"("ic+n"os( l (stu"io "(lo r(l.


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! El %'to"o "( (st (scu(lconsist( (n u( to"o (l*(ns%i(nto ci(nt1ico "(&("( "(scnsr (n l(4*(ri(nci "( 01 u( (l%'to"o (s (l in"uctivo

(4*(ri%(ntl.

LA TERCERA

ESCUELA


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! Por l luc0 "( ls "os(scu(ls cit"snt(rior%(nt( *r(c( (nItli l t(rs (scuol (n

Al(%ni *r(c( l(scu(l sociol#ic o /ov(n

(scu(l (sts (scu(ls s(or%ron *or los (stu"ios"( 5(rnr"ino Ali%(n Crnivl(? A"%it( "(l

*ositivis%o l n(#cin "(lli&r( l&("r1o conci&( l"(lito co%o (n%(noin"ivi"ul socil, s( inclin

*or (l (stu"io ci(nt1ico "(l"(lincu(nt( r(c0) lnturl() %oros "(l "(lito


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c(*t "( l (scu(l cl+sic(l *rinci*io "( lr(s*ons&ili"" %orl,"istin#u( (ntr( "(lincu(nt(si%*ut&l(s ( ini%*ut&l(s,un cun"o ni(# l "(lito

(l cr+ct(r "( un cto(/(cut"o *or un s(r "ot"o"( li&(rt"

2.3.- MEDICINAFORENSE


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! Ti(n( *or o&/(to *on(r l s(rvicio "(l "%inistrcin "( l /ustici *(nl

los conoci%i(ntos ls t'cnics%@"ico-uirr#ics. Es s&i"o u((n l inv(sti#cin "( inini"" "("(litos (n (l trt%i(nto "( los"(lincu(nt(s s( r(ui(r( (l u4ilio"( %'"icos or(ns(s so&r( to"o conr(lcin los ll%"os "(litos "(sn#r(, s1 co%o (n los "( ti*os(4ul (l %'"ico l(#ist no solo(4%in los su/(tos ctivos sinot%&i'n ls v1cti%s *rocur

(st&l(c(r, "(ntro "( ls*osi&ili""(s "( l ci(nci, (l n(4ocusl (ntr( (l utor (l r(sult"o?u" con (llo, (n or%in(sti%&l(, 0c(r r(li"" l

*liccin "(l "(r(c0o *(nl.


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2.4 LA

CRIMINOLOGIA! L Cri%inolo#1 (s l r%

"(l B(r(c0o u( s( ocu*

"( (stu"ir los s*(ctossocil(s, /ur1"icos *olicil(s "( cului(r0(c0o "(lictivo.


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! Por (sto %is%o (s u( (st+consi"(r" co%o unci(nci "( cr+ct(r%ulti"isci*linr *oru(&+sic%(nt( *ro*on( susun"%(ntos (n

conoci%i(ntos *ro*ios "( lPsicolo#1, Sociolo#1 lPsico*tolo#1 to% co%o%rco conc(*tul "( (stos

l "(r(c0o *(nl.

2.5.-

CRIMINALISTICA.


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! L cri%inl1stic (s un"isci*lin u( *licun"%(ntl%(nt( losconoci%i(ntos, %'to"os t'cnics "( inv(sti#cin "(ls ci(ncis nturl(s, s(

vl( "( los conoci%i(ntosci(nt1icos *r r(construirlos 0(c0os. El con/unto "("isci*lins u4ilir(s u( l

co%*on(n s( "(no%innci(ncis or(ns(s.


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! L *l&r or(ns( vi(n( "(l"/(tivo ltino or(nsis, u(si#niic 8*(rt(n(ci(nt( or(ltivo l oro8. En l

Anti#u Ro%, uni%*utcin *or cri%(n

su*on1 *r(s(ntr (l csont( un #ru*o "( *(rsonsnot&l(s (n (l oro. Tnto l*(rson u( s( l cus&

*or 0&(r co%(ti"o (lcri%(n co%o (l "(nuncint(t(n1n u( (4*licr suv(rsin "( los 0(c0os. L

r#u%(ntcin, ls *ru(&s (l co%*ort%i(nto "(


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c" *(rson "(t(r%in&n(l v(r("icto "(l cso.

2..- CIENCIASCOMPLEMENTARIAS


16/64

! A!"# $%!#&'#El r(trtoco%*u(sto o0&l"o,r(li)"o

*rtir "( l%(%ori "(

l v1cti%.


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! A&"!%)%*%+,$%!#&'# Pr*o"(r"(t(r%inr (ls(4o, tll,("", #ru*o'tnico


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! B*,'"/$%!#&'#Ti(n( co%oo&/(tivo u(s( ll(v(n

c&o to"oslos

*roc("i%i(nto


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s (stu"iosn(c(srios "(los crtuc0os,&ls r%sr(lcion"s

con los0o%ici"ios,

suici"ios,


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cci"(nt(s l(sion(s*(rsonl(s.


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! D/"*%'/%),Aunu( l#rn %or1"( lsi%*r(sion(s

"ctilr(s*u("(n

0llrs( (n (l


23/64

lu#r "(l0(c0o, (notros csos(s n(c(sriou( los

o&/(tos u(*osi&l(%(nt(

s(n


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trsl""os losl&ortorios*r sunlisis.


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! D%/01#&"%'/%),Conoci%i(ntos *roc("i%i(nto

s t'cnico-ci(nt1icos

"(ntro "( l


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Cri%inl1stic"iri#i"os l(stu"io "( los"ocu%(ntos(n #(n(rl,

crct(r1stics, or% "(

con(ccin,


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lt(rcion(s,(tc., co%o s1t%&i'n linv(sti#cin"(

%nuscritosDo ir%s.


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! E&"%1%*%+,$%!#&'#Anli) lsuc(sin(col#ic "(

losrtr*o"os

u( s(


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instln (n unc"+v(r *r"(t(r%inr (ll*so "(ti(%*o

trnscurri"o(ntr( (l

%o%(nto "(l


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"(sc(so (l0ll)#o "(lc"+v(r,t'cnic%(nt("(no%in"o

co%oInt(rvlo

Post%ort(%.


32/64


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! F'%&%1,$%!#&'#R(constru(lscrct(r1stic

s "( un rostrocon l u"

"( %t(ril(s


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%ol"(&l(s.En %uc0s#(ncis s(utili)n*ro#r%s "(

co%*ut"or*r %o"(lr

0u(sos,


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%7sculos *i(l (n B.


36/64

! F%"%+!$, $%!#&'#L*rtici*cin "(l ot#ro*r r(li)r l i/cinoto#r+ic "( l (sc(n to"o lo r(lcion"o con l%is% (s un"%(ntl.

! G#&"/ F%!#&'#El(stu"io "( %t(ril

&iol#ico, co%o l sliv,s(%(n, sn#r(, *(lo, otrost(/i"os, *(r%it(n ti*iicr (l+ci"o "(so4irri&onucl'ico

3ABN$.


37/64

! H#/% # "!&'"%6("int( l *liccin "("i(r(nt(s t'cnics "(n+lisis u1%ico, *u("(n(4%inrs( los r#%(ntos"( *intur, ((ctun"o

"istincion(s (n cunto lclor los co%*u(stos "(ls %is%s.


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! H#1"%*%+,En (st(s*(cili"" l *liccin"( l u1%ic (sun"%(ntl si un %nc0u( s( 0ll (n (l lu#r "(l0(c0o (s sn#r( si 'st

(s "( ni%l o 0u%n? (ncso "( trtrs( "( sn#r(0u%n s( "(t(r%inr+nlos #ru*os, suru*os (l

ctor RH.


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! I&/#&%' 6 #7)*%'8%'Pr (l (stu"io "( losr(si"uos u( "(/n losinc(n"ios ls (4*losion(s,*u("(n utili)rs( lcro%to#r1 "( c*

irin, l cro%to#r1 #s-l1ui"o l cro%to#r1l1ui" "( lto r(n"i%i(nto?*u"i'n"os( "(t(r%inr (l

ti*o "( sustnci u( s(utili).


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! I&$%!1"/ F%!#&'#Estu"io n+lisis "( los"(litos "i#itl(s (%*l(n"o"is*ositivos t(cnol#icosco%o co%*ut"ors,%("ios (l(ctrnicos

T(cnolo#1s "( linor%cin lco%uniccin o T(cnolo#1s"(


41/64

! M#/& $%!#&'#Si s(consi"(r u( (l l&ortorio(s (l lu#r (n "on"( s(r(li)n tr&/os "(inv(sti#cin ci(nt1ic, u(utili)n los %'"icos *r (l

(stu"io %inucioso "(lc"+v(r, *r "(t(r%inrsu i"(nti"" cus "(%u(rt(.

! M#"#%!%*%+, $%!#&'#Es(l n+lisis "( ls

con"icion(s cli%+tics*s"s "( un lu#r(s*(c1ico.


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! O%&"%*%+, $%!#&'# Lutili)cin "(l l&ortorio (nl o"ontolo#1 or(ns( s(r(li) cun"o s( r(ui(r(o&t(n(r o (l&orr %ol"(s*r "(t(r%inr lscrct(r1stics "(ntl(s "(un in"ivi"uo.

! P"%*%+, $%!#&'#Estu"ils *ists u( ll(vn lcus "( l %u(rt(

*r(s(nt(s (n (l cu(r*oco%o un (n%(no %'"ico.


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! P#!"9# /*+!$/%P(r%it( (st&l(c(r lut(ntici"" "("ocu%(ntos, %("int((stu"io "( tr)os "((scritur o ir%s, n+lisis

"( tint, **(l oi%*r(sion(s "( %+uins"( (scri&ir.

! P*%'/%) Por %("io "(l(stu"io u1%ico *u("("(t(r%inrs( si (l *(lo (n

(stu"io s( trt "( *(lo0u%no o "( ni%l, s1co%o otrs crct(r1stics.


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! P'/%*%+, $%!#&'#Co%*r(n"( un %*liorn#o "( *r+ctics u(involucrn *rinci*l%(nt((vlucion(s "( c*ci"""( los cus"os, inor%(s

/u(c(s &o#"os t(sti%onio (n /u)#"osso&r( t(%s "(t(r%in"os


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! :0,1/ $%!#&'# En (sti%*ortnt( (s*(cili"" s(*licn to"os losconoci%i(ntos t'cnicsu1%ics con o&/(to "(conoc(r l nturl() "(

cului(r sustnci o(l(%(nto.


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! T%7/%*%+, $%!#&'#Pu("( s(r *lic" (nsu/(tos vivos o %u(rtos. En*(rsons vivs s( to%n%u(strs "( orin "(sn#r(. En l orin *u("(

"(t(r%inrs(,*rinci*l%(nt(, l *r(s(nci"( %("ic%(ntos "ro#s"( "iccin? (n l sn#r(

*u("( 0llrs( lco0ol(t1lico

2.;.

ANTROPOLOGIACRIMINAL


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! L A&"!%)%*%+, C!1&*ti(n( *or o&/(to (l (stu"io "(l

Ho%&r( "(lincu(nt(? inv(sti#ls cuss &iol#ics "(l "(lito?s( l( "(no%in t%&i'n5iolo#1 Cri%inl. Est ci(nci,"( %u nti#u ri#%&r(,

"uiri un (nor%( "(srrollocon los (stu"ios "(l *ositivistItlino C(sr Lo%&roso, ui(n(n (l >o 9F:; *7&lico (l li&rotitul"o GEL HO65REB(lincu(nt(.

2.;.- VISI


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Bos son ls*rinci*l(s,

%+s no ls7nicsCi(ncis

Au4ilir(s"(l B(r(c0o


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P(nl l6("icin

L(#l lCri%inl1stic.


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! L M#/&L#+*, ti(n(*or o&/(to

*on(r (ns(rvicio "( l

"%inistrcin"( l /ustici

*(nl losconoci%i(ntos


51/64

ls t'cnics%'"ico-uir7r#ics.


52/64

! E* 1/%*#+'"nosolo (4%in

los su/(tosctivos, si no

t%&i'n lsv1cti%s

*rocur(st&l(c(r,


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"(ntro "( ls*osi&ili""(s"( l ci(nci,

(n n(4ocusl (ntr( (l

utor (lr(sult"o.


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! LP'=0"!,M/%-

L#+*.- Esun

(s*(cili"""(ntro "( l

%("icin l(#l, ti(n( *or


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o&/(to (l(stu"io "( lossu/(tos "(l

"(lito (n susuncion(s

*s1uics (in"ic los

trt%i(ntos"(cu"os


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*r los u(*"(c((n(r%(""(s

o no%l1s%(ntl(s.


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! LC!1&*'",S(#7n Cu(llo

Cln, (st+constitui"o *or

un con/unto"(

conoci%i(ntos0(t(ro#'n(os


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(nc%in"osl 0ll)#o "(los

"(lincu(nt(s,l

conoci%i(nto"(l %o"us

o*(rn"i "(l"(lito l


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"(scu&ri%i(nto "( ls*ru(&s "(

los*roc("i%i(nto

s *rutili)rls.

Tr+t(s( "("iv(rss


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ci(ncis rt(s *rinv(sti#r los

"(litos "(scu&rir los

"(lincu(nt(s.


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! P%*,"/C!1&*.-B(ini" co%o

l ci(nciconor%( l

cul (l Est"o"(&( r(li)r

l *r(v(ncin l r(*r(sin


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"(l "(lito. Enr(li"" (st"isci*lin no

(s sino (l*rov(c0%i(

nto *r+ctico,*or *rt( "(l

#o&i(rno, "(los


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conoci%i(ntos"uiri"os *orls ci(ncis

*(nl(s in"( "ictr ls

"is*osicion(s*(rtin(nt(s

*r (l lo#ro"( l


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cons(rvcin&+sic "(lor"(n socil.

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