Numerical Characterization of Heavy Oils

INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL PETROLEO 

StudentIng. Ricardo Antonio Lara Orozco

AdvisorDra. Verónica Uribe Vargas

110/06/2012

Index

• Introduction

• Importance of Petroleum Fluids Characterization

• Properties and Parameters

• Experimental Characterization

• Numerical Characterization

• Characterization Method Developed at IMP

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Introduction

Petroleum industry is involved with many types of equipment for:

– Production– Transportation– Storage

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Introduction

For example:– Gravity Separators– Pumps, compressors, pipes– Storage tanks– Distillation colums– Reactors

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Introduction

Optimum design and operation of such units require a complete knowledge of properties and characteristics for crude oils.

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Characterization

Properties and parameters

Temperature-independent– Boiling point

• Determine volatility• Estimate characterization parameters such as:

– Average boiling point, molecular weight, composition.

– Molecular weight• Convert molar quantities into mass basis• Predict composition and quality of oils• Predict physical properties such as viscosity

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Properties and parameters

– Critical properties• Estimate physical and thermodynamic properties

– Acentric factor • Estimate physical and thermodynamic properties

Other properties:– Refractive index– Pour point– Aniline point– Flash point

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Properties and parameters

Temperature-dependent

– Density• Great application in both petroleum production and processing.• Calculate the sizes of pipes, valves, and storage tanks.• Calculate power required by pumps and compressors.

– Vapor pressure• Calculate flash point, bubble point or dew point. Temperature-

independent

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Properties and parameters

– Viscosity• Estimate the rate of oil or gas flow and their production• Calculate power required on mixers• Calculate the amount of pressure drop in a pipe• Design of oil/water separators

– Fugacity coefficients• Most important of thermodynamic properties in all phase

behavior calculations.• Calculate vapor-liquid equilibria, bubble and dew point pressure,

pressure-temperature phase diagram, and GOR.

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Properties and parameters

Other properties:– Heat capacity– Enthalpy– Heat of vaporization– Thermal conductivity– Surface tension or interfacial tension

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Properties and parameters

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Temperature-dependent properties

PresionTemperatureComposition

CorrelationEquation of State

Temperature-independent properties

Experimental CharacterizationDistillation curve• Pure compounds have a single value for the boiling point.• Boiling point of a mixture can be represented by a number of boiling points for

the components existing in the mixture.

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Experimental CharacterizationCompositional Analysis• Petroleum fractions are mixtures of many different types of

hydrocarbon compounds.• A petroleum mixture is well defined if the composition and the

structure of all compounds present in the mixture are known.

Types of composition:• PONA (paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, and aromatics)

• PNA (paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics)

• PIONA (paraffins, isoparaffins, olefins, naphthenesm and aromatics)

• SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes)

• Elemental analysis (C, H, S, N, O)10/06/2012 13

Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Numerical Characterization“The most accurate method of estimating a property of a mixture is through the knowledge of the exact composition of all components existing in the mixture”

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Source: M. R. Riazi, «Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions», 2005.

Numerical CharacterizationApropiate models should be used to represent petroleum mixtures by some limited number of compounds that can best represent the mixture

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

PSEUDOCOMPONENTSWith known composition and characterization parameters such as:• Boiling point• Molecular weight• Specific gravity

A physical property of the fluid can be estimated

Characterization Method Developed at IMP

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Characterization Method for Heavy Oils• PTCG-IMP• PVTCG-IMP

Sensitivity analysis:

• Temperature of Reference

• Maximum SCN (Single Carbon Number)

• Number of Pseudocomponents

Characterization Method Developed at IMP

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Source: Adel M. Elsharkawy, «Predicting the dew point pressure for gas condensate reservoirs: empirical models and equations of state», de Fluid Phase Equilibria.

Characterization Method Developed at IMP

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

“A-1” Fluid

Characterization Method Developed at IMP

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

“Sin Nombre 2” Fluid

Characterization Method Developed at IMP

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

“Sin Nombre 3” Fluid

Characterization Method Developed at IMP

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Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Dehydration Process of Heavy and Extraheavy Oils

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Thank you for your attention!