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EconomyAn economic system refers to the laws and institutions in a nation that

determine who owns economic resources, how people buy and sell those

resource, and how the production process makes use of resources in providing

goods and services.

U.S.A.

The U.S. economy is made up of individual people, business and labor

organizations, and social institutions. or the most part, the United

States has a market economy in which individual producers and

consumers determine the kinds of goods and services produced and the

price of those products. !roducers decide which goods and services to

make and sell, and how much to ask for those products, at the same

time consumers decide that they will purchase and how much money

they are willing to pay for di"erent goods and services.

#apital includes buildings, e$uipment, and other intermediate products

that business use to make other goods or services. %usiness have

additional capital investments in their inventories of &nished products,

raw materials, and partially completed goods.

The economy has an e'tensive set of markets for &nal products and for

the factors of production. The economy has been particularly successful

in providing material goods and services to most of its citizens.

Canada

Since (orld (ar )), #anada has e'perienced massive growth in its

manufacturing, mining and services, propelling the economy from being

a largely agrarian one to becoming one of the most highly industrialisedand urbanised economies in the world.

#anada*s manufacturing industry is important, particularly the

automobile industry, with low labour costs and a comprehensive

healthcare and social security system attracting ma+or automobile

companies from the US and apan to set up manufacturing facilities in

#anada.

The #anadian economy also di"ers slightly from its neighbour, the US,

where by the former is a net e'porter of commodities while the latter is a

net importer. The #anadian banking industry is also rather conservative

in comparison to that of the US.

UK

The United -ingdom is made up of England, Scotland, (ales, and

orthern )reland. )t has the &fth largest national economy/measured by

nominal 01! 2gross domestic product3. Service sector business

dominates the U- economy, making up about 45 percent of 01!.

inancial services are particularly important, with 6ondon tying ew 7ork


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for largest &nancial center. Aerospace industry, pharmaceuticals,

automotive industry, and orth Sea oil and gas production make up the

greatest portion of the remainder of the U-8s 01!.

According to the 9E#1, economic growth in the U- is the result of

e'emplary +ob creation: a trend that should continue throughout ;

and ;


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be one !arliament for #anada, consisting of three distinct elements: the

#rown, the Senate and the @ouse of #ommons.

The power to enact laws is vested in a legislature composed of

individuals selected to represent the #anadian people. @ence, it is a

GrepresentativeH system of government. The Senate is composed of

individuals appointed by the 0overnor 0eneral to represent #anada*sprovinces and territories. Iembers of the @ouse of #ommons are elected

by #anadians who are eligible to vote.

#anada is also a constitutional monarchy, in that its e'ecutive authority

is vested formally in the Jueen through the #onstitution. Every act of

government is carried out in the name of the #rown, but the authority for

those acts ows from the #anadian people.

UK

The U- is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional Ionarch.

The U- does not have a single, written constitution. %ut this does notmean that the U- has an unwritten constitution. )n fact, it is mostly

written, but instead of being one formal document, the %ritish

constitution is formed from various sources including statute law, case

law made by +udges, and international treaties.

The U-*s monarchy is considered the oldest of all modern constitutional

monarchies. Iost of powers once e'ercised by the monarch have now

been devolved to ministers. )n a process of change during which the

monarchy*s absolute power has been gradually reduced, custom now

dictates that the Jueen follows ministerial advice. The Jueen performs a

range of important duties, such as summoning and dissolving !arliamentand giving royal assent to legislation passed by the U- !arliament, the

Scottish !arliament and the ational Assembly for (ales or the orthern

)reland Assembly.

EducationEducation is the process of

facilitating learning. -nowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habitsof a group of

people are transferred to other people, through storytelling, discussion,

teaching, training, or research.

U.S.A.

Around age si', U.S. children begin primary school, which is most

commonly called elementary school. They attend &ve or si' years and

then go onto secondary school.Secondary school consists of two

programs: the &rst is middle school or +unior high school and the second

program is high school. After graduating high school, students may go on

to college or university.


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A student who is attending a college or university and has not earned a

bachelor*s degree, is studying at the undergraduate level. )t typically

takes about four years to earn a bachelor*s degree.

A college or university graduate with a bachelor*s degree may want to

seriously think about graduate study in order to enter certain professions

or advance their career. A Iaster*s 1egreeis usually mandatory forhigherClevel positions in library science, engineering, behavioral health

and education.

)n the 1octorate 1egreethe &rst two years most doctoral candidates

enroll in classes and seminars. At least another year is spent conducting

&rsthand research and writing a thesis or dissertation.

Canada

The #anadian education system covers elementary, secondary and postC

secondary education. Education in #anada is governed by each

provincial and territorial government, so there are slight di"erencesbetween the education systems in each province and territory.

)n elementary school, children usually enter kindergarten at age >.

Elementary school generally includes grades = through ? in region that

then have ; years of middle school or +unior high school, and in areas

without these, elementary school goes up to grade 5. )n Juebec,

elementary school is grade =C?, and students then go straight into high

school.

Secondary school includes grades K trough =;. )n regions with middle

school and +unior high, it also includes 4 and 5. )n Juebec, high school

covers grades 4 through ==, and studentsthen go to #E0E! 2 publiclyfundedpre-university college in the province ofQuebec'seducation system3 for ; years

before applying to university.

!ostCsecondary education includes #areer #ollege, community college,

university and grad school.

UK

The preschool, also called nursery, is the &rst year before children go

into a primary school. )s o"ered to students between ; and > years old

and it is provided at the ursery Schools.

The primary education period is provided by the primary schools.Students stay in them from &ve to eleven years old, e'cept in Scotland.

These ? years of compulsory education are structures in ; periods: )nfant

Schools and unior Schools.

After the primary school, students have to choose one of two options:


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0rammar schools, provide the whole Secondary Education. )n

order to enter to these schools it is necessary to pass a selective

e'am.

#omprehensive School: admit students without a selective e'am,

and later they are grouped into two or three learning groups

according to their capacity.

@ighereducation is not free. Students have to pay a contribution to the

cost os teaching and also have to pay their living costs. All universities in

the U- are autonomous and each one decides diplomas and certi&cates

granted. The higher education is provided by:

Universities

!olytechnics

#olleges

Education and politics

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