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O`ei~i~ kj ncyz`{zwoOHWINO EO[I@O Y NOWIGJCN[ZGWJ(KINIJHGWJ74??

Hjkio`{j je twj~j`{j kcnzhj`{c aonjhc~ j`{wjmo kjeQII I`bcwhj kj Ncyz`{zwo Eo{i`cohjwino`o j`nowmokc tcw eoNc`bjwj`nio kj Twcri`nioej~ kj eo Nchtoo kj Lj~~ j` OhwinoEo{i`o !NTOE) oe Nj`{wc Mzhieeo..

Je tjwickc kj o`ei~i~ nchtwj`kj ec~ hj~j~ kj cn{zgwj okinijhgwj 74??.

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eznwc% ~c` z~oko~ golc einj`nio Nwjo{irj Nchhc`~ !NN).

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Lzo`nowec~ J. Rowmo~,

J` ec~ e{ihc~ oc~ Ohwino Eo{i`o ao ~ikc je j~nj`owic towoeo nwjoni` kj z` nc`lz`{c kj cwmo`i~hc~ nchc eo Oeio`|oGceirowio`o towo ec~ Tzjgec~ kj @zj~{wo Ohwino !OEGO)?% eo

Z`i` kj @onic`j~ ^zwohjwino`o~ !Z`o~zw)% eo Nzhgwj kjOhwino Eo{i`o y je Nowigj ~cgwj I`{jmwoni` y Kj~owwceec !NOEN)%y eo Nchz`ikok kj J~{okc~ Eo{i`cohjwino c~ y Nowigjc~ !Njeon).~{o e{iho bzj nc`~{i{ziko bcwhoehj`{j j` Nowono~% je to~okc >kj kinijhgwj kj 74??% o {wor~ kj eo Kjneowoni` kj Nowono~% eonzoe bzj ~z~nwi{o tcw >> ljbj~ kj J~{okc~ y kj mcgijw`c~.7

Eo twceibjwoni` kj j~{o~ j`{ikokj~% y j~tjnioehj`{j kj eoNjeon% ao mj`jwokc kjgo{j~ j` je hgi{c onokhinc> qzj gz~no`

~ztjwow je wjkznnic`i~hc kj nc`njgiweo nchc z`o cwmo`i|oni`qzj rj`kwo o nzhteiw eo~ bz`nic`j~ qzj ao rj`ikc jljwnij`kc eoCwmo`i|oni` kj J~{okc~ Ohjwino`c~ !CJO)% tjwc ~i` eo twj~j`niokj J~{okc~ Z`ikc~ y No`ok. Eo CJO j~ z`o cwmo`i|oni` i`{jw`o(nic`oe nwjoko tcw ec~ J~{okc~ kje nc`{i`j`{j ohjwino`c% o {wor~kj z` {wo{okc nc`~{i{z{irc%; nc` je twct~i{c kj bcw{oejnjw eoncctjwoni` wjntwcno j` {cw`c o ec~ roecwj~ kj kjhcnwonio ykjwjnac~ azho`c~% qzj gz~no kjbj`kjw ec~ i`{jwj~j~ nchz`j~ ykjgo{iw ec~ twi`nitoej~ {jho~ kj eo wjmi`% {j`ij`kc twj~j`{j jetwi`nitic kj eo `c i`{jwrj`ni` y je wj~tj{c oe Kjwjnac i`{jw`o(nic`oe nchc `cwho~ kj nc`kzn{o qzj kjgj` wjmiw eo~ wjeonic`j~

j`{wj ec~ J~{okc~.

Ao~{o eo bjnao% eo Nchz`ikok kj J~{okc~ Eo{i`cohjwino`c~Nowigjc~ !Njeon) nowjnj kj {wo{okc nc`~{i{z{irc qzj ej nc`bij

tjw~c`oeikok lzwkino kj ~zlj{c kj Kjwjnac i`{jw`onic`oe% tcw qzj c j~{ neowo ~z o{zwoej|o lzwkino% y hj`c~ o` ~z rjwkokjtwct~i{c% tzj~ eo Kjneowoni` kj Nowono~ j~ j`z`nio{iro y ohteiO~ihi~hc% ~j ao rj`ikc ~joeo`kc qzj eo Njeon% o~ nchc nokz`o kj eo~ hj`nic`oko~ j`{ikokj~% {ij`j` tcw cglj{c i`{jmwoni` eo{i`cohjwino`o% ec nzoe nc`{wigzyj o mj`jwow hnc`bz~i` onjwno kj ec qzj ~j j~tjwo kj jeeo~% tzj~ j~{ neowc qz~j otow{o` kj eo~ i`inio{iro~ kj i`{jmwoni` jnc`hino ne~innc`bimzwokc~ tcw Gjeo~~o% qzij` j` ~z hchj`{c eo~ kjbi`i nchz` twcnj~c y z`o ~i{zoni` kj eo~ on{irikokj~ jnc`hino~. Toj`{j`kjw eo `o{zwoej|o kje OEGO% Z`o~zw% NOEN% y Njeon% ~j kjg

ki~{i`mziw neowohj`{j j`{wj i`{jmwoni` y ncctjwoni`% tzj~ j~

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, O~tiwo`{j o Kcn{cw j` Nij`nio~ Tce{ino~. Hom~{jw j` Kjwjnac I`{jw`onic`oe. J~tjnioei~{o j` Kjwjnac y Tce{ino I`{jw`onic`oej~

Ogcmokc.

? Kj~kj ~z nc`bcwhoni`% j` 744;% je OEGO to~ wtikohj`{j o nc`~{i{ziw~j j` z`o oeio`|o ikjcemino(j~{wo{mino% tcw ec qzj `z`no eejm o ri~ezhgwow~j nchc z` hjno`i~hkj i`{jmwoni`.

7 Z`o rj| qzj ~j ecmwj eo i`~{i{znic`oei|oni` kj eo Njeon% ~{o rj`kwo o bz~ic`ow eo~ bz`nic`j~ qzj ao` jljwnikc je Mwztc kj Wc y eo NOEN.

> Ro~j WCLO^ OWORJ@O% Bwo`ni~nc. Tc{j`nioeikokj~ y kj~obc~ kj eo Njeon j` je nc`{j{c kj z` zjrc wjmic`oei~hc. J`< Tj`~ohij`{c Twctic. Ec~ kj~obc~ kje hze{ieowoei~hc j` Ohwino Eo{i`o. @ >>% Hinc% Z`irjw~ikok kj Mzokoeolowo% Nwij~ y Z`irjw~ikok Igjwcohjwino`o% J`jwc(Lz`ic 74??% tt.7?=(7>2.

; Eo Now{o kj eo CJO ~j ~z~nwigi kzwo`{j eo @crj`o Nc`bjwj`nio I`{jw`onic`oe njejgwoko j` Gcmc{ !?9;1)% y ao ~ikc cglj{c kj rowio~ wjbcwho~ j`{wj eo~ qzj kj~{ono`Twc{cncec kj Gzj`c~ Oiwj~ !?92=)% y je Twc{cncec kj Now{omj`o kj I`kio~ !?91:).

O`ei~i~ kj ncyz`{zwo OHWINO EO[I@O Y NOWIGJ CN[ZGWJ ( KINIJHGWJ 74??

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kibjwj`nio j~ {o`{c kj nown{jw nzoei{o{irc nchc nzo`{i{o{irckjgikc o qzj hij`{wo~ eo ncctjwoni` i`rceznwo onnic`j~ qzj{ij`j` nchc twct~i{c ki~hi`ziw eo ki~nwihi`oni`% je twcnj~c kji`{jmwoni` ihteino hjkiko~ kiwimiko~ o ~ztwihiw oemz`o~ kj eo~

bcwho~ kj ki~nwihi`oni`:

o {wor~ kj twcnj~c~ jrcez{irc~ qzj{ij`j` nchc twct~i{c nj`{woe onjejwow je kj~owwceec jnc`hinc y~cnioe. Nogj kj~{onow qzj eo i`{jmwoni` c j~ z` nc`njt{c lzwki(nohj`{j tzwc% tzj~ ~j wjqzijwj kj kjni~i` tce{ino. Oacwo gij`%tcw ~jw z` twcnj~c jrcez{irc% eo i`{jmwoni` jnc`hino {ij`kj otwj~j`{ow~j o {wor~ kj ki~{i`{o~ bcwho~ c mwokc~ kj i`{j`~ikok6j~{o~ ki~{i`{o~ bcwho~ ~c` eo~ |c`o~ kj eigwj nchjwnic% z`ic`j~okzo`jwo~% hjwnokc~ nchz`j~% y z`ic`j~ jnc`hino~. Tcw c{wotow{j% j` je nohtc lzwkinc eo i`{jmwoni` ~zw{j jbjn{c~% qzj ~jkjgj` hj`nic`ow% nchc nc`~jnzj`nio kj eo nwjoni` kj wmo`c~~ztwo`onic`oej~% nc` notonikok nwjokcwo kj kjwjnac kj roeikj|

jwmo ch`j~.

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Eo i`inio{iro kj nwjow eo Njeon j~ nc`~jnzj`nio kiwjn{o kj ec~

j~bzjw|c~ kj Hinc y Gwo~ie%1 j~{c ~cec ~j ai|c tc~igej o {wor~ kjeo z`ibinoni` kj eo twctzj~{o gwo~iejo< eo Nzhgwj kj OhwinoEo{i`o y je Nowigj ~cgwj I`{jmwoni` y Kj~owwceec !NOEN)% y kj eohjino`o% kj`chi`oko Z`i` Eo{i`cohjwino`o y kje Nowigj!ZEN)% eo nzoe ~j nc`~{i{zy% j` 7449% nc` je twct~i{cbz`kohj`{oe kj qzj je Mwztc kj Wc ~iwro kj go~j towo eo nwjoni`kj eo `zjro cwmo`i|oni` wjmic`oe.

Eo ki~nz~i` onjwno kj ~i eo Njeon j~ z`o `zjro i`~{o`niohze{ieo{jwoe kj ncctjwoni` c z` twcnj~c kj i`{jmwoni`% to~o oz` ~jmz`kc teo`c nzo`kc `c~ bcwhzeohc~ eo i`{jwwcmo`{j kjnhc ow{inzeoweo nc` c{wo~ j`{ikokj~ crjkc~o~% nchc je OEGO y

eo Z`o~zw% o~ nchc nc` c{wo~ h~ ~eiko~ kj~kj je tz`{c kj ri~{oi`~{i{znic`oe y lzwkinc% nchc ec ~c` eo Nchz`ikok O`ki`o !NO@)

y je Hjwnokc Nch` kje ^zw !Hjwnc~zw).Towo wj~tc`kjw kinao i`{jwwcmo`{j ~j jhtj|ow tcw ~joeow qz

ec~ cwmj`j~ kj ec~ hjno`i~hc~ kj i`{jmwoni` eo{i`cohjwino`c~j wjhc`{o` o ec~ i`inic~ kj eo knoko kj ec~ ~j~j`{o kje to~ok

~imec. J` ?924 ~j nwj% j` Hc`{jrikjc% eo O~cnioniEo{i`cohjwino`o kj I`{jmwoni` !Oeoen)% nzoe to~owo o nc`rjw{iw~j% o tow{iw k?914% j` eo O~cnioni` Eo{i`cohjwino`o kI`{jmwoni` !Oeoki)% eo nzoe ~j nwj nc` twct~i{c kj ihtze~ow eo eigjwoninchjwnioe j`{wj {ckc~ ec~ to~j~ kj wjmi` y ~jwriw kj towomzo~ o ec~ kirjw~ctwcmwoho~ kj i`{jmwoni` ~zg(wjmic`oej~.

Eo Nchz`ikok O`ki`o !NO@) j~ ztwcnj~c kj i`{jmwoni` wjmic`oe qzj gz~n

oeno`|ow je kj~owwceec i`{jmwoe kj ~z~ hijhgwc~. Je o`{jnjkj`{j k

eo on{zoe Nchz`ikok O`ki`o bzj je Ton{c O`ki`c% je nzoe=.

1 J`{wj ec~ cglj{irc~ twi`nitoej~ kj eo Njeon j~{`< ihtze~ow eo i`{jmwoni` wjmic`oe6 twchcrjw eo nc`njw{oni` tce{ino6 bchj`{ow ec~ twcnj~c~ kj kiecmc nc` c{wc~ J~{okctwchcrjw eo nchz`inoni`% ncctjwoni`% nccwki`oni`% nchtejhj`{owijkok y eo ~i`jwmio j`{wj ec~ cwmo`i~hc~ wjmic`oej~6 i`nwjhj`{ow eo notonikok towo je kj~owwceecihtejhj`{ow hjno`i~hc~ twctic~ kj ~cezni` tonbino kj kibjwj`nio~.

9 GCJW^@JW% Kjhj{wic !?992)< Wjeonic`j~ i`{jw`onic`oej~ kj Ohwino Eo{i`o< gwjrj ai~{cwio% Nowono~< @zjro cnijkok. :{o. Jk. t. 7=>.

?4 ^OI@\ GCWMC% Lzo` Nowec~< Eo ~oeiko kj Rj`j|zjeo kj eo Nchz`ikok O`ki`o. J`< Wjri~{o kj Nij`nio~ Tce{ino~ Tcei{jio% rce. >1 !Twihjw jhj~{wj)% tt. ?7=(?=1% 744

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nc` je twi`nitic kj eo `c i`{jwrj`ni` y je bcw{oejnihij`{c kj ec~wjmhj`j~ kjhcnw{inc~.?? Eo i`ncwtcwoni` kje J~{okc rj`j|ceo(`c oe hjno`i~hc kj i`{jmwoni` wjmic`oe o`ki`c ~j ho{jwioei|nc` je Nc`~j`~c kj Eiho kj ?9=;. Tc~{jwicwhj`{j% j` ?9=2%Naiej ogo`kc` je Ton{c O`ki`c% nchcnc`~jnzj`nio kje mcetj kj J~{okcj`nogj|okc tcw Ozmz~{c Ti`cnaj{ Zmow{j.

J` eo knoko kj ec~ 14 ~j nchij`|o oki~nz{iw eo `jnj~ikok kj nwjow z` hjwnokc

nch`% ec nzoe ~j nc`nwj{owo j` ?99?%hjkio`{j eo okctni` kje [wo{okc kjO~z`ni`% i`inioehj`{j tcw Owmj`{i`o% Gwo~ie% Towomzoy y Zwzmzoy%nc` je twi`nitoe twct~i{c kj ecmwow eo eigwj niwnzeoni` kj gij`j~%~jwrinic~ y bon{cwj~ twckzn{irc~% je j~{ogejnihij`{c kj z` owo`njej{jw`c nch` y eo okctni` kj z`o tce{ino nchjwnioe nch`% yeo owhc`i|oni` kj eo~ ejmi~eonic`j~ towo ecmwow je bcw{oejnihij`{ckje twcnj~c kj i`{jmwoni`.

Oeoki% eo NO@% y Hjwnc~zw bzjwc` twckzn{c kj eo ri~i` kj eoNchi~i` Jnc`hino towo Ohwino Eo{i`o y je Nowigj !Njtoe)% eonzoe twctzm` eo {wo`~bcwhoni` kj ec~ twcnj~c~ twckzn{irc~% eo

i`kz~{wioei|oni` kj ec~ ki~{i`{c~ ~jn{cwj~ kj eo jnc`cho qzj eejmo {j`jw ~z hiho jtwj~i` j` ec~ {wo{okc~ kj eigwj nchjwnicnchc hjkic towo tc{j`niow eo nchtj{j`nio y nchtejhj`{owijkok.Eo wjonni` nc`{wo j~{o ncwwij`{j {wolc nchc nc`~jnzj`nio eonwjoni` kje OEGO% Z`o~zw% NOEN% y Njeon% nchc j`{ikokj~ qzjnzj~{ic`o` je `jceigjwoei~hc o {wor~ kj twctzj~{o~ `onic`o(

ei~{o~% twc{jnnic`i~{o~% j` eo~ qzj twjkchi`o je kjgo{j tce{inc.Ec o`{jwicw ao {wokc nchc nc`~jnzj`nio qzj ~j aom

wjbjwj`nio o z` `zjrc hze{ieo{jwoei~hc eo{i`cohjwino`c% qzihtze~o eo bwomhj`{oni` y eo kzteinikok kj i`~{o`nio~% nzyc

wo~mc~ h~ kjbi`ikc~ ~c`< i) je hownoktwj~ikj`nioei~hc6 ii) ihtjwo`{j {j`kj`nionwjow bcwc~ towo je kiecmc y eo nc`nj{oni`6 y iii) eo nwjoni` kj i`~{i{znic`j~ ~cec nc`bz~o~ lzwkino j i`~{i{znic`oehj`

~i`c {ohgi` kgiej~.?7

O~ihi~hc% je kj`chi`okc zjrc hze{ie{jwoei~hc eo{i`cohjwino`c j~{ i`bezikc tcw {jho~ wjeonic`okc~ nceo ikj`{ikok% je wjmic`oei~hc% nc`njw{oni` tce{ino y oz{c`chbwj`{j o J~{okc~ Z`ikc~ y No`ok nchc wj~tzj~{o o ec~ jbjn{c`jmo{irc~ kj eo mecgoei|oni`% y o ec qzj wjtwj~j`{o` eo~ i`~{i{znic`jqzj ~zwmijwc` kzwo`{j eo Mzjwwo Bwo !Cwmo`i|oni` kj J~{okcOhjwino`c~ (CJO(% Bc`kc Hc`j{owic I`{jw`onic`oe (BHI(% Go`nI`{jwohjwino`c kj Kj~owwceec (GIK(% y Go`nc Hz`kioe% j`{wj c{wo~

Kj`{wc kj j~{j `zjrc hze{ieo{jwoei~hc j~ tc~igej ikj`{ibinqzj eo Z`o~zw% je NOEN y je Njeon% o tj~ow kj qzj ~{j o` c a

{jwhi`okc kj nchtej{ow ~z kj~owwceec i`~{i{znic`oe% ~j ~zg~zhjj` eo hckoeikok twc({jhtcwj% je nzoe ~j nowon{jwi|o tcwqzj ectwj~ikj`{j~ kj ec~ J~{okc~ hijhgwc~ ~j wc{o` kzwo`{j z` tjwckkj{jwhi`okc eo kiwjnni` kj eo j`{ikok.?> Kinao hckoeikok ao ~ikz{iei|oko tcw je Mwztc kj Wc y je [wo{okc kj NcctjwoniOho|`ino.

O`ei~i~ kj ncyz`{zwo OHWINO EO[I@O Y NOWIGJ CN[ZGWJ ( KINIJHGWJ 74??

Oeoki% eo NO@% y Hjwnc~zw bzjwc` twckzn{c

kj eo ri~i` kj eo Nchi~i` Jnc`hino

towo Ohwino Eo{i`o y je Nowigj !Njtoe)% eo

nzoe twctzm` eo {wo`~bcwhoni` kj ec~

twcnj~c~ twckzn{irc~

Mcgijw`ckjero

wcNcechgolceinj`nioNN

?? ^OI@\% GCWMC% Lzo` Nowec~ !?992)< Eo ow{inzeoni` kj ec~ twcnj~c~ kj i`{jmwoni` j` Ohwino kje ^zw. Nowono~< [ijwwo I`nm`i{o.

?7 EJMEJW% [acho~ y ^O@[O(NWZ\% Ow{zwc. Je to{w` nc`{jhtcw`jc kje hze{ieo{jwoei~hc eo{i`cohjwino`c. J`< Tj`~ohij`{c Twctic. Ec~ Kj~obc~ kje Hze{ieo{jwoei~hc Ohwino Eo{i`o% @>>% Hinc% Z`irjw~ikok kj Mzokoeolowo% Nwij~ y Z`irjw~ikok Igjwcohjwino`o% J`jwc(Lz`ic 74??% tt.??(>4.

?> EJMEJW% [acho~. Mcgjw`o`|o wjmic`oe. Je r`nzec hze{ieo{jwoe. J`< Bcwjim` Obboiw~ Eo{i`cohjwino`o ?4% > !Lzeic(^jt{ijhgwj)% 74?4.

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O eo bjnao% `i`mz`o kj eo~ i`inio{iro~ ~zwmiko~ j` ec~ e{ihc~oc~ ao kjhc~{wokc {j`jw eo i`~{i{znic`oeikok wjqzjwiko towokj~teo|ow o cwmo`i~hc~ y hjno`i~hc~ kj`chi`okc~ ogijw{c~%nchc eo CJO% eo NO@ y je Hjwnc~zw% ec~ nzoej~ ao` twcnzwokc

twchcrjw eo ncctjwoni`% eo ~cezni` kj kibjwj`nio~ y eoi`{jmwoni` jnc`hino o {wor~ kje nchjwnic% eo i`rjw~i`% y eotwchcni` y twc{jnni` kj ec~ kjwjnac~ azho`c~. Je wjmic`oei~hcogijw{c ~j i`{j`{o ~z~{i{ziw tcw jetc~{(eigjwoe% je nzoe ~j nj`{wo j`z` hckjec kj i`{jmwoni` go~okc j` eo tce{ino y eo nc`njw{oni`.?;

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