tecnico en emergencias sanitarias trimestre 1 anatomofisiología con ejercicios resueltos

7/23/2019 Tecnico en Emergencias Sanitarias Trimestre 1 Anatomofisiología con ejercicios resueltos

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Lglt`c`dbsb`j`iãl y plt`j`iãl kìsbmls

^fcl <? [fm`g`mbcbfgt` nf jl `rilgbzlmbýg ifgfrlj nfj `rilgbsc` nfj mufrp` euclg`

www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? !" #$% $#& 'ìi. <

Vtbjbzl fj trum` nf jls bgbmbljfs plrl cfc`rbzlr ugl jbstl nf pljlkrls?

LCM^@]? Ìt`c`s C`jâmujls Mâjujls ^fobn`s Ýrilg`s ]bstfcl

^rlklol fg = pls`s?

<. [fpbtf cfgtljcfgtf jls 4 pljlkrls elstl rfm`rnlrjls;. Le`rl lprâgnftf jls bgbmbljfs? LCM^@]=. Q`r ÿjtbc`, ls`mbl mlnl bgbmblj m`g jl pljlkrl

<. LGÌJB]B] NF JL F]^[VM^V[L OF[Ì[\VBML NFJ @[ILGB]C@

Jl fstrumturl ofrìrqubml fs jl m`cp`sbmbýg nf jls fstrumturls lgltýcbmls nf gufstr` `rilgbsc` fg ugl fsmljlnf cfg`r l cly`r, lirupìgn`sf elstl jjfilr l d`rclr fj mufrp` euclg`.

^`nl jl cltfrbl fstì d`rclnl p`r Ì^@C@], quf l su vfz, sf liruplg d`rclgn` C@JÂMVJL],quf d`rclg plrtf nf jls MÂJVJL].

Âstls sf liruplg d`rclgn` ^FOBN@], y jl ugbýg nf vlrb`s tfobn`s d`rclg ug Ý[ILG@.

L su vfz, vlrb`s ýrilg`s m`cp`gfg ug lplrlt` ` ]B]^FCL nfj mufrp` euclg`.

ÃGNBMF NFJ ^FCL <

<. Lgìjbsbs nf jl fstrumturl ofrìrqubml nfj `rilgbsc`.

;. Fstunb` nf jl mâjujl?

;.< Fstrumturl;.; Nbvbsbýg mfjujlr

<.=. Fstunb` nf j`s tfobn`s

<.>. Mjlsbdbmlmbýg nf j`s sbstfcls y lplrlt`s nfj `rilgbsc`.

^FCL <? [FM@G@MBCBFG^@ NF JL @[ILGB_LMBÝGIFGF[LJ NFJ @[ILGB]C@ NFJ MVF[Q@ EVCLG@





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? !" #$% $#& 'ìi. !

;. F]^VNB@ NF JL MÂJVJL

Jl mâjujl fs jl fstrumturl cìs sbcpjf m`g`mbnl m`g mlplmbnln plrl rfljbzlr jls dugmb`gfs vbtljfskìsbmls (gutrbmbýg, rfjlmbýg y rfpr`nummbýg) p`r sã cbscl.

;.< F]^[VM^V[L NF JL MÂJVJL

°[fmufrnls fj trum` nf jls bgbmbljfs0

Fstrumturl nf ugl mâjujl

Cfckrlgl pjlscìtbml

Jl cfckrlgl pjlscìtbml fs jl klrrfrl quf r`nfl jl mâjujl y jl sfplrl nfj cfnb` fxtrlmfjujlr. Fstì m`gstbtubnlp`r ugl n`kjf mlpl jbpãnbml m`g pr`tfãgls quf jl ltrlvbfslg ` fstìg lnefrbnls fg su supfrdbmbf.

ML[LM^F[Ã]^BML] DVGMB@GF]

Fs ugl fstrumturl?

Nbgìcbml p`rquf pufnflut`rrfplrlrsf ` dusb`glrsf.

Lsbcâtrbml p`rquf jl mlrl bgtfrgl yjl fxtfrgl s`g nbdfrfgtfs

Lmtÿl m`c` ugl klrrfrl sfplrlgn` fjcfnb` fxtfrg` nfj bgtfrg`, nfkbn` l jlkbmlpl jbpãnbml.

[fiujl jl fgtrlnl y sljbnl nf c`jâmujls

nfkbn` l jls pr`tfãgls quf d`rclg plrtfnf jl cfckrlgl.

<. Cfckrlgl pjlscìtbml

;. M bt`pjlscl

=. Gÿmjf`





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? !" #$% $#& 'ìi. %

Mbt`pjlscl

Fs jl plrtf m`cprfgnbnl fgtrf jl cfckrlgl pjlscìtbml y jl cfckrlgl gumjflr y fstì d`rcln` p`r?

Mbt`s`j?

Nbspfrsbýg m`j`bnlj n`gnf tbfgfg juilr jls rflmmb`gfs cftlkýjbmls.

Mbt`fsqufjft`?

[fn nf dbjlcfgt`s y tÿkuj`s pr`tfbm`s quf m`gstbtuyfg ug fgtrlcln` bgtfrg`.

Bgmjusb`gfs pjlscìtbmls?

Clmr`c`jâmujls m`g dugmbýg nf rfsfrvl.

@riìguj`s?

Nfgtr` nf j`s muljfs fstìg?

• Cbt`m`gnrbls ? sf fgmlrilg nf jl `ktfgmbýg nf fgfriãl cfnblgtf jl rfspbrlmbýg mfjujlr.

• [bk`s`cls ? m`rpÿsmuj`s fsdârbm`s m`gstbtubn`s p`r n`s sukugbnlnfs (>1] y 46]) muyldugmbýg fs jl sãgtfsbs nf pr`tfãgls.

• [ftãmuj` fgn`pjlscìtbm` ? sbstfcl cfckrlg`s` quf sf fxtbfgnf p`r fj mbt`pjlscl y sfm`cugbml m`g jl cfckrlgl gumjflr fxtfrgl. Ely n`s tbp`s?

• [ftãmuj` fgn`pjìscbm` jbs` ? muyl dugmbýg fs jl sãgtfsbs nf jãpbn`s.

• [ftãmuj` fgn`pjìscbm` rui`s` ? sbgtftbzl pr`tfãgls y d`sd`jãpbn`s nf jl cfckrlgl. Fstf tbp`sf nbdfrfgmbl nfj [F jbs` p`r tfgfr rbk`s`cls lnefrbn`s fg jl mlrl fxtfrgl nf su cfckrlgl.

• Lplrlt` nf I`jib ? m`gstbtubn` p`r liruplmb`gfs fg plrljfj` nf mbstfrgls (nbmtb`s`cl)lm`cplülnls nf vfsãmujls nf sfmrfmbýg. Fstls vfsãmujls pufnfg sfrvbr plrl rfg`vlr jlcfckrlgl pjlscìtbml ` lmucujlr pr`numt`s nf sfmrfmbýg m`c` e`rc`gls ` fgzbclsnbifstbvls quf vbfrtfg lj fxtfrb`r fg rfspufstl l ug fstãcuj`.

•

Tlmu`jls ? pr`mfnfgtfs nfj Lplrlt` nf I`jib, nfj [F ` nf bgvlibglmb`gfs nf jl cfckrlglpjlscìtbml. ]u dugmbýg fs nf ljclmfglcbfgt` nf liul, sustlgmbls nf rfsfrvl ` nf nfsfme`.

• Jbs`s`cls ? vfsãmujls pr`mfnfgtfs nfj Lplrlt` nf I`jib y quf m`gtbfgfg fgzbcls nbifstbvls.

Gÿmjf`

M`gtbfgf jl bgd`rclmbýg ifgâtbml fg d`rcl nf LNG y fs n`gnf tbfgf juilr jl rfpjbmlmbýg nf LNG y jl sãgtfsbsnf L[G. Nurlgtf fj mbmj` mfjujlr p`nfc`s fgm`gtrlr lj gÿmjf` fg n`s fstln`s?

<. Bgtfrdlsf?

Jl cfckrlgl gumjflr fstì bgtlmtl y jl mr`cltbgl nbdusl. Lj dbglj nf fstl dlsf tbfgf juilr jlrfpjbmlmbýg nf LNG gfmfslrbl plrl jl nbvbsbýg.

;. Dlsf nf nbvbsbýg?

Jl mr`cltbgl sf m`gnfgsl d`rclgn` mr`c`s`cls. Nfslplrfmf jl cfckrlgl gumjflr. ]fpr`numf jl nbvbsbýg nfj gÿmjf` y nfj mbt`pjlscl.

- Fj gumjâ`j` fs ug m`rpÿsmuj` fsdârbm` sbg cfckrlgl quf sf fgmufgtrl fg fj bgtfrb`r nfj gÿmjf`. Fstìd`rcln` p`r L[G y pr`tfãgls.

- J`s mr`c`s`cls fstìg d`rcln`s p`r LNG y pr`tfãgls m`gstbtuyfgn` jl mr`cltbgl, quf fg fj mls` nf

j`s mr`c`s`cls fstì fg su irln` cìxbc` nf m`gnfgslmbýg.





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? !" #$% $#& 'ìi. (

Fj trlgsp`rtf l trlvâs nf jl cfckrlgl pjlscìtbml sf pufnf rfljbzlr nf n`s d`rcls?

<. ^rlgsp`rtf lmtbv` ;. ^rlgsp`rtf plsbv`

M`gjjfvl ilst` nf fgfriãl fgd`rcl nf L^Q (Lnfg`sãgtrbd`sdlt`) y fs cfnbln` p`rpr`tfãgls trlgsp`rtln`rls nfcfckrlgl, pfrcbtbfgn` fjtrlgsp`rtf fg m`gtrl nf irlnbfgtfnf m`gmfgtrlmbýg.

Fofcpj`? k`ckl nf Gl-H.

]f rfljbzl sbg ilst` nf fgfriãl. M`gsbstf fg jl nbdusbýg nfsustlgmbls l trlvâs nf jl cfckrlgl l dlv`r nf irlnbfgtf nfm`gmfgtrlmbýg. ; tbp`s?

<. Nbdusbýg plsbvl? Cìs rìpbnl mulgt` cìs pfqufüls jlsc`jâmujls y cly`r jl nbdfrfgmbl nf m`gmfgtrlmbýg. ]frfljbzl l trlvâs nf jl kbmlpl jbpãnbml ` nf mlgljfs.

;. Nbdusbýg dlmbjbtlnl? ]f rfljbzl p`r pr`tfãglstrlgsp`rtln`rls fspfmãdbmls plrl fj sustrlt` lrrlstrlgn`sfiÿg fj irlnbfgtf nf m`gmfgtrlmbýg.

Q[FIVG^L] (jls s`jumb`gfs lj dbglj nfj tfcl)

<.- Jl fstrumturl ofrìrqubml nf gufstr` `rilgbsc` fg ugl fsmljl nf cfg`r l cly`r vbfgfnlnl p`r jl liruplmbýg nf?

l) ]bstfcls ” ýrilg`s ” tfobn`s ” mâjujls ” c`jâmujls ” ìt`c`s.

k) ^fobn`s ” ýrilg`s ” mâjujls ” c`jâmujls ” ìt`c`s ” sbstfcls.m) Ìt`c`s ” c`jâmujls ” mâjujls ” tfobn`s ” ýrilg`s ” sbstfcls.






;.; NBTB]BÝG MFJVJL[

Fg jls fspfmbfs pjurbmfjujlrfs sf pufnfg nbstbgiubr n`s tbp`s nf nbvbsbýg mfjujlr sfiÿg fj g¿ nf mr`c`s`clsnf jls mâjujls ebols? Cbt`sbs y cfb`sbs.

CB^@]B]

Fs jl nbvbsbýg mfjujlr fg jl quf sf pr`numf ug rfplrt` fqubtltbv` nfj cltfrblj efrfnbtlrb`. Vgl mâjujl s`cìtbml(;g) tfrcbgl su mbmj` mfjujlr nbvbnbâgn`sf y m`gvbrtbâgn`sf fg n`s mâjujls ebols (;g). Fj pr`mfs` sf nfslrr`jjlfg jls sbiubfgtfs dlsfs?

<. Qr`dlsf? Jl mr`cltbgl sf m`gnfgsl d`rclgn` mr`c`s`cls, quf fstìg m`gstbtubn`s p`r n`smr`cìtbnls ugbnls p`r fj mfgtrýcfr`. J`s mfgtrb`j`s sf vlg sfplrlgn` y d`rclg fj eus`.

;. Cftldlsf? Jl cfckrlgl gumjflr nfslplrfmf y j`s mr`c`s`cls sf nbsp`gfg d`rclgn` jl pjlmlfmult`rblj.

=. Lgldlsf? Fj mfgtrýcfr` nf mlnl mr`c`s`cl sf nbvbnf, j`s cbmr`tÿkuj`s lrrlstrlg l jls mr`cìtbnlsj`s p`j`s.

>. ^fj`dlsf? Nfslplrfmf fj eus` y sf d`rcl jl cfckrlgl gumjflr. Jls mr`cìtbnls sf nfsm`gnfgslg ynfolg nf sfr vbsbkjfs.

CFB@]B]

Fstl nbvbsbýg mfjujlr sf rfljbzl plrl jl pr`nummbýg nf ilcft`s nf clgfrl quf l plrtbr nf ugl mâjujl ifrcbglj

(;g) nl juilr l ilcft`s elpj`bnfs (g). Nurlgtf jl cfb`sbs sf pr`numfg n`s nbvbsb`gfs m`gsfmutbvls?<. Cfb`sbs B? fs ugl nbvbsbýg rfnummb`glj fg jl mulj sf plsl nf ugl mâjujl nbpj`bnf (;g) l n`s mâjujls

elpj`bnfs (g). M`gstl nf jls sbiubfgtfs dlsfs?

- Qr`dlsf B? sf pr`numf fj lplrflcbfgt` nf mr`c`s`cls e`cýj`i`s, fgtrfmruzlcbfgt` nlgn` juilr ljpr`mfs` nf rfm`ckbglmbýg ifgâtbml.

- Cftldlsf B? ]f d`rcl jl pjlml fmult`rblj n`gnf sf nbsp`gfg j`s n`s mr`c`s`cls ugbn`s p`r j`squblscls.

- Lgldlsf B? Mlnl mr`c`s`cl nfj plr nf e`cýj`i`s sf sfplrl elmbl ug p`j` nf jl mâjujl. L nbdfrfgmblnf jl cbt`sbs g` sf sfplrlg mr`cìtbnls efrclgls, sbg` mr`c`s`cls fgtfr`s.

- ^fj`dlsf B? [flplrfmf jl cfckrlgl gumjflr y fj gumjâ`j`. Ely ugl jbifrl nfsm`gnfgslmbýg nf j`smr`c`s`cls y sf `ktbfgfg n`s mâjujls ebols elpj`bnfs (g).

Ely ugl bgtfrdlsf krfvf n`gnf g` sf nupjbml fj LNG y sf m`gtbgÿl m`g jl cfb`sbs BB.






;. Cfb`sbs BB? fs ugl nbvbsbýg m`c` jl cbt`sbs, pfr` fg fstf mls` plrtfg nf mâjujls elpj`bnfs (g).

- Qr`dlsf BB? Biulj quf fg jl pr`dlsf nf jl cbt`sbs pfr` fg fstf mls` fj g¿ nf mr`c`s`cls fs jl cbtln(g)

- Cftldlsf BB? Biulj quf fg cftldlsf nf cbt`sbs.

- Lgldlsf BB? plrfmbn` l jl lgldlsf nf cbt`sbs, pfr` nfkbn` lj fgtrfmruzlcbfgt` fs p`sbkjf quf jlsmr`cìtbnls efrclgls g` sflg bnâgtbmls.

- ^fj`dlsf BB? Biulj quf jl tfj`dlsf nf cbt`sbs.

IFGÂ^BML

Jl ifgâtbml fs jl mbfgmbl quf trltl nf jl vlrblmbýg y efrfgmbl nf t`n`s j`s `rilgbsc`s vbv`s.

J`s mr`c`s`cls m`gtbfgfg ifgfs. Vg ifg fs jl ugbnln kìsbml nf jl efrfgmbl, sf fgmufgtrlfg j`s mr`c`s`cls y fstì d`rcln` p`r ugl mlnfgl nf LNG.

Jls mâjujls s`cìtbmls s`g nbpj`bnfs (;g), y tbfgfg ;= plrfs nf mr`c`s`cls (>4 mr`c`s`cls),nf j`s muljfs ;; plrfs s`g lut`s`cls y ug plr s`g mr`c`s`cls sfxuljfs. J`s ilcft`s s`gelpj`bnfs (g) tbfgfg ;= mr`c`s`cls.

Fj ifg`tbp` fs jl m`gstbtumbýg ifgâtbml nfj bgnbvbnu`, y dfg`tbp` s`g jls mlrlmtfrãstbmls`ksfrvlkjfs nf ug bgnbvbnu`.

Cutlmbýg fs ug mlckb` fg jl mlnfgl nf LNG.

Jls sfmufgmbls nbdfrfgtfs nf j`s ifgfs sf nfg`cbglg ljfj`s (L, l). Mulgn` ug bgnbvbnu` tbfgffj cbsc` ljfj` fg j`s n`s cbfckr`s sf nbmf quf fs e`c`mbi`t` plrl fsf mlrìmtfr (LL ` ll).Mulgn` tbfgf ljfj`s nbdfrfgtfs fg fj cbsc` bgnbvbnu` sf nbmf quf fs eftfr`mbi`t` (Ll).

Vg ljfj` fs n`cbglgtf mulgn` fj p`rtln`r nfj ljfj` fg e`c`mbi`sbs (LL) ` eftfr`mbi`sbs (Ll)nlrì juilr lj cbsc` dfg`tbp`. Vg ljfj` fs rfmfsbv` mulgn` sýj` lplrfzml su dfg`tbp` fge`c`mbi`sbs plrl fsf ljfj` (ll).

Mulgn` ug ifg trlgscbtf ugl fgdfrcfnln efrfnlkjf, j`s pr`ifgbt`rfs pufnfg g` plnfmfrjlp`r sfr p`rtln`rfs pfr` sã trlgscbtbrjl l su efrfgmbl, y âstl sudrbrjl.

J`s mr`c`s`cls U f R s`g j`s sfxuljfs y pufnfg trlgscbtbr fgdfrcfnlnfs, m`c` efc`dbjbl `nljt`gbsc`, quf nlg juilr l ugl efrfgmbl jbilnl lj sfx`, pr`numbâgn`sf jl fgdfrcfnln sfiÿgsfl e`ckrf ` cuofr.







<.- Jl fstrumturl ofrìrqubml nf gufstr` `rilgbsc` fg ugl fsmljl nf cfg`r l cly`r vbfgfnlnl p`r jl liruplmbýg nf?


k) ^fobn`s ” ýrilg`s ” mâjujls ” c`jâmujls ” ìt`c`s ” sbstfcls.

m) Ìt`c`s ” c`jâmujls ” mâjujls ” tfobn`s ” ýrilg`s ” sbstfcls.

;.- Jl mâjujl fstì m`gstbtubnl p`r trfs fjfcfgt`s?

l) Cfckrlgl pjlscìtbml, mbt`s`j y gÿmjf`.

k) Cfckrlgl pjlscìtbml, mbt`pjlscl y gumjâ`j`.m) Cfckrlgl pjlscìtbml, mbt`pjlscl y gÿmjf`.

=.- Fj pr`mfs` nf cbt`sbs sf nfslrr`jjl fg jls sbiubfgtfs dlsfs (m`cpjftl jls pljlkrls l plrtbrnf jls bgbmbljfs)

Q ……………, c ……………….., l ……………… y t ………………





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? !" #$% $#& 'ìi. (

]@JVMB@GF] L JL] Q[FIVG^L]<.- Jl fstrumturl ofrìrqubml nf gufstr` `rilgbsc` fg ugl fsmljl nf cfg`r l cly`r vbfgfnlnl p`r jl liruplmbýg nf?




;.- Jl mâjujl fstì m`gstbtubnl p`r trfs fjfcfgt`s?


k) Cfckrlgl pjlscìtbml, mbt`pjlscl y gumjâ`j`.

m) Cfckrlgl pjlscìtbml, mbt`pjlscl y gÿmjf`.

=.- Fj pr`mfs` nf cbt`sbs sf nfslrr`jjl fg jls sbiubfgtfs dlsfs (m`cpjftljls pljlkrls l plrtbr nf jls bgbmbljfs)?

Qr`dlsf, Cftldlsf, Lgldlsf y ^fj`dlsf






=. F]^VNB@ NF J@] ^FOBN@]

Vg tfobn` fs ugl clsl `riìgbml d`rclnl p`r jl ls`mblmbýg nf mâjujls, y fjfcfgt`s nf fjjls nfrbvln`s, m`gmlrlmtfrfs ifgfrljfs sfcfolgtfs.

^FOBN@ FQB^FJBLJ

- J`s tfobn`s fpbtfjbljfs fstìg d`rcln`s p`r mâjujls pjlgls, mÿkbmls ` mbjãgnrbmls, nf vbnl m`rtl, quf sfnbsp`gfg cuy ugbnls fgtrf sã, sbg nfolr fsplmb`s bgtfrmfjujlrfs.

- ]f gutrfg l fxpfgsls nfj jãqubn` bgtfrstbmblj pr`mfnfgtf nf j`s vls`s slgiuãgf`s.

- J`s tfobn`s fpbtfjbljfs sf pufnfg mjlsbdbmlr sfiÿg su dugmbýg fg?

` Fpbtfjb` nf rfvfstbcbfgt`

` Fpbtfjb` ijlgnujlr

Fpbtfjb` nf rfvfstbcbfgt̀

D`rclg ugl jìcbgl m`gtbgul quf rfmukrf jl supfrdbmbf fxtfrgl nfj mufrp` ` mlvbnlnfs y sf lp`ylg s`krf jlcfckrlgl klslj. ^bfgfg dugmbýg pr`tfmt`rl y nf rfmukrbcbfgt`, ljiug`s bgmjus` plrtbmbplg fg lks`rmbýg nfpr`numt`s nf nbifstbýg, m`c` fs fj mls` nfj bgtfstbg`. ]fiÿg jl nbsp`sbmbýg y c`rd`j`iãl nf jls mâjujls sfmjlsbdbmlg fg?

Fpbtfjb`s c`g`fstrltbdbmln`s?

D`rcln`s p`r ugl mlpl nf mâjujls. Qufnfg sfr sfiÿg jl d`rcl nf sus mâjujls?

` Qjlg` ` Mÿkbm` ` Mbjãgnrbm`

Fpbtfjb`s pjurbfstrltbdbmln`s

D`rcln`s p`r n`s ` cìs mlpls nf mâjujls. Qufnfg sfr?

` Qjlg` ` Mÿkbm`

Fpbtfjb`s psfun`fstrltbdbmln`?

D`rcln`s p`r ugl mlpl nf mâjujls quf tbfgfg j`s gÿmjf`s l nbdfrfgtfs ljturls.

()L*+,+(L(+-./1 )<*^1;+/<*

1'+^1)+L)

= 1pbtfjb` nfrf>fstbcbfgt`

= 1pbtfjb`ijlgnujlr

(<.1(^+6<

= (`g4ugtb>`

= Lnbp`s`

= (lrtbjlibg`s`

= -sf`

= *lgiuãgf`

95*(5)L[

= 1strbln`fs2ufj?tbm`

= 1strbln`mlrnblm`

= )bs`

.1[6+<*<

= .fur`gls

= (?jujls ijbljfs






Fpbtfjb` ijlgnujlr

]us mâjujls sf elg fspfmbljbzln` fg jl sfmrfmbýg nf sustlgmbls m`g nbstbgtl dbgljbnln. D`rclg plrtf nf jlsijìgnujls y sfiÿg n`gnf vbfrtlg sus pr`numt`s fxbstfg vlrb`s tbp`s nf ijìgnujls?

Fx`mrbgls? ^bfgfg m`gnumt` sfmrft`r quf vbfrtf lj fxtfrb`r. ( Ijìgnujls sun`rãplrls)

Fgn`mrbgls? G` tbfgfg m`gnumt` sfmrft`r y vbfrtfg sus pr`numt`s nbrfmtlcfgtf l jl slgirf. (^br`bnfs)

Cbxtls? ^bfgfg ugl plrtf fgn`mrbgl y `trl fx`mrbgl. (Qìgmrfls)

^FOBN@ M@GFM^BT@

]`g tfobn`s d`rcln`s p`r nbdfrfgtfs tbp`s nf mâjujls, p`m` fspfmbljbzlnls y r`nflnls p`r jl cltrbzfxtrlmfjujlr.

Fs fj tfobn` cìs lkugnlgtf fg fj `rilgbsc`.

]u dugmbýg fs jl nf ugbr, nlr s`p`rtf, gutrbr y pr`tfifr l j`s nfcìs tfobn`s.

Fxbstfg mbgm` tbp`s nf tfobn` m`gfmtbv`?

<. M`gougtbv ̀

;. Lnbp`s`

=. Mlrtbjlibg`s ̀

>. Ýsf`

6. ]lgiuãgf ̀

^fobn` m`gougtbv`

^bfgf jl dugmbýg nf ugbr y rfjlmb`glr j`s nfcìs tfobn`s fgtrf sã.

Fstì cuy vlsmujlrbzln` f bgfrvln` p`r tfrcbglmb`gfs gfrvb`sls.

]u cltrbz fxtrlmfjujlr m`gtbfgf dbkrls m`jìifgls, fjìstbmls y rftbmujlrfs.

Jls mâjujls quf j` d`rclg s`g nf vlrb`s tbp`s?

` Dbkr`kjlst`s

` Clmrýdli`s

` Clst`mbt`s

` Lnbp`mbt`s

` Jbgd`mbt`s

` Qjlsc`mbt`s

Nfgtr` nfj tfobn` m`gougtbv` ely trfs mjlsfs?

<. ^fobn` m`gougtbv` jlx` ? mâjujls, dbkrls y sustlgmbl

dugnlcfgtlj fstìg fg jl cbscl pr`p`rmbýg, sbfgn` djfxbkjf,pfr` p`m` rfsbstfgtf. ]brvf nf rfjjfg` y s`stâg nf ýrilg`s y`tr`s tfobn`s.

;. ^fobn` m`gougtbv` nfgs` ? lkugnlgtfs dbkrls m`jìifgls,elmbâgn`j` cuy rfsbstfgtf. Fofc? tfgn`gfs.

=. ^fobn` m`gougtbv` fjìstbm` ? lkugnlgtfs dbkrls fjìstbmlselmbâgn`j` cuy fjìstbm`. Fofc? vls`s slgiuãgf`s.

^fobn` lnbp`s`

]us mâjujls s`g j`s lnbp`mbt`s, quf ljclmfglg irlsl.

]f j`mljbzl nfklo` nf jl pbfj.

M`gstbtuyf jl rfsfrvl fgfriâtbml nfj mufrp` y pr`p`rmb`gl lbsjlcbfgt` târcbm`.

M

M

]

[fmufrnl fj trum` nf jls bgbmbljfs

[fmufrnl j`s nbdfrfgtfs

tbp`s nf tfobn` m`gfmtbv`? M`gougtbv`

Lnbp`s`

Mlrtbjlibg`s`

Ýsf`

]lgiuãgf`






^fobn` mlrtbjlibg`s`

D`rcln` p`r j`s m`gnr`mbt`s.

Mlrfmf nf vls`s slgiuãgf`s y nf tfrcbglmb`gfs gfrvb`sls.

]f gutrf l plrtbr nfj tfobn` m`gougtbv`.

M`gstbtuyf j`s mlrtãjli`s, muyl dugmbýg fs nf s`stâg nf plrtfs kjlgnls nfj mufrp` y rfmukrbr jlssupfrdbmbfs lrtbmujlrfs.

^fobn` ýsf`

D`rcl j`s eufs`s nf fsqufjft` nf j`s vfrtfkrln`s.

]u dugmbýg fs pr`p`rmb`glr ug s`p`rtf bgtfrg` lj `rilgbsc` y pr`tfifr j`s ýrilg`s vbtljfs.

Jl cltrbz ýsfl fstì d`rclnl p`r n`s m`cp`gfgtfs?

<. Bg`riìgbm ?̀ d`rcln` p`r cbgfrljfs m`c` d`sdlt`s y mlrk`glt`s nf mljmb` quf jf nlg nurfzly drlibjbnln lj eufs`.

;. @riìgbm`? d`rcln` p`r jl sustlgmbl lc`rdl y jls dbkrls nf m`jìifg` quf jf m`gdbfrfg rbibnfz.

Jl cltrbz ýsfl fstì m`cpufstl p`r trfs tbp`s nf mâjujls?

<. @stf`kjlst`s ? ]firfilg jl plrtf `riìgbml nf jl cltrbz y lj qufnlr ltrlpln`s sf m`gvbfrtfgfg `stf`mbt`s.

;. @stf`mbt`s ? mâjujls prbgmbpljfs, nf lspfmt` fstrfjjln`.

=. @stf`mjlst`s ? rflks`rkfg jl cltrbz ýsfl.

^fobn` slgiuãgf` Jl slgirf fs ug tfobn` m`gfmtbv` muyl cltrbz fs jãqubnl (pjlscl slgiuãgf`).

Jl slgirf fstì fspfmbljbzlnl fg dugmb`gfs nf trlgsp`rtf nf sustlgmbls m`c` gutrbfgtfs y `xãifg`elmbl jls mâjujls y pr`numt`s nf nfsfme` y nbýxbn` nf mlrk`g` pr`mfnfgtf nfj cftlk`jbsc` mfjujlr.

^lckbâg trlgsp`rtl ̀ trls sustlgmbls m`c` e`rc`gls y nfdbfgnf lj ̀ rilgbsc` drfgtf l vbrus, klmtfrbls,ftm.

Jls mâjujls quf m`cp`gfg fj tfobn` slgiuãgf` s`g?

Ijýkuj`s r`o`s ` efcltãfs

` ]u dugmbýg fs fj trlgsp`rtf nfilsfs rfspbrlt`rb`s

Ijýkuj`s kjlgm`s ` jfum`mbt`s

` Nfdbfgnfg lj `rilgbsc` nfiârcfgfs y sustlgmbls fxtrlüls.

Qjlquftls

` Bgtfrvbfgfg fg jl m`liujlmbýg.





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? !" #$% $#& 'ìi. 8

^FOBN@ CV]MVJL[

▯ Fs fj tfobn` quf d`rcl j`s cÿsmuj`s prbgmbpljcfgtf. Fxbstfg trfs tbp`s nf tfobn`s cusmujlrfs?

<. ^fobn` cusmujlr fstrbln` fsqufjâtbm`?

D`rcl j`s cÿsmuj`s fsqufjâtbm`s.

Fstì m`gstbtubn` p`r dbkrls cusmujlrfs fstrblnls quf sf ls`mblg fg plquftfs (dlsmãmuj`s).

Mlnl dbkrl cusmujlr fstì r`nflnl p`r ugl fgv`jturl nf tfobn` m`gougtbv`, fgn`cbsb`.

Tlrbls dbkrls sf rfÿgfg d`rclgn` ug elz quf fstì r`nfln` p`r fj pfrbcbsb` y vlrb`s elmfsd`rclg fj cÿsmuj`s quf fs r`nfln` p`r fj fpbcbsb`.

J`s cÿsmuj`s fsqufjâtbm`s fstìg bgfrvln`s p`r fj sbstfcl gfrvb`s` mfgtrlj.

;. ^fobn` cusmujlr fstrbln` mlrnblm`?

D`rclg fj m`rlzýg.

Fstì m`gstbtubn` p`r dbkrls ljlrilnls fstrblnls, quf fstìg ãgtbclcfgtf ugbnls quf elmf quft`nls lmtÿfg m`c` ugl ugbnln.

Fstl bgfrvln` p`r fj sbstfcl gfrvb`s` lutýg`c`. ]u m`gtrlmmbýg fs rìpbnl f bgv`jugtlrbl.

=. ^fobn` cusmujlr jbs`

]us dbkrls g` s`g fstrblnls.

D`rcl plrtf nf j`s ýrilg`s ` tfobn`s bgtfrg`s y fstì bgfrvln` p`r fj sbstfcl gfrvb`s`lutýg`c`.

]u m`gtrlmmbýg fs jfgtl f bgv`jugtlrbl.

^fobn` gfrvb`s`

Fs fj prbgmbplj m`gstbtuyfgtf nfj sbstfcl gfrvb`s`.

]us dugmb`gfs s`g trlgsd`rclr j`s fstãcuj`s fg sfüljfs fjfmtr`quãcbmls, j`s bcpujs`s gfrvb`s`s,m`gnumbrj`s y pr`mfslrj`s plrl fjlk`rlr ugl rfspufstl lnfmulnl y m``rnbglnl y m`gnumbr nbmel rfspufstlelstl j`s ýrilg`s fdfmt`rfs quf sf fgmlrilg nf fofmutlrjl.

Jls mâjujls nfj tfobn` gfrvb`s` s`g?

Gfur`gls ? ]`g mâjujls cuynbdfrfgmblnls y elg pfrnbn` jl mlplmbnlnnf nbvbsbýg. ]u fstrumturl m`gstl nf?

♤ Mufrp` mfjujlr

♤

Qr`j`gilmb`gfs gfur`gljfs? ▯ Nfgnrbtls? [fmbkfg fj

bcpujs` nf `trls gfur`gls.

▯ Lx`gfs? M`gnumf fjbcpujs` l `trls gfur`gls.

Mâjujls ijbljfs ? ]`g mâjujls cìs pfqufüls quf sbrvfg nf s`stâg l jls gfur`gls, lbsjìgn`jls,nfdfgnbâgn`jls y gutrbâgn`jls. Jls prbgmbpljfs s`g?

♤ Lstr`mbt`s? bgtfrvbfgfg fg jl gutrbmbýg nf jls gfur`gls.

♤ Mâjujls nf jl cbmr`ijãl? Nfdbfgnfg l jls gfur`gls.

♤ Mâjujls nf ]mewlc? d`rclg vlbgls nf cbfjbgl, sýj` fg fj sbstfcl gfrvb`s` pfrbdârbm`,pr`tfibfgn` l jls gfur`gls.





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? !" #$% $#& 'ìi. "


6.- ]fiÿg su dugmbýg fj tfobn` fpbtfjblj sf pufnf mjlsbdbmlr fg?

l) Nf rfvfstbcbfgt` y fstrltbdbmln`

k) Fstrltbdbmln` y nf rfvfstbcbfgt`

m) Nf rfvfstbcbfgt` y ijlgnujlr

4.- [fspfmt` l jls mâjujls quf m`cp`gfg fj tfobn` slgiuãgf`, rfjlmb`gl j`s m`gmfpt`s nf jlsn`s m`jucgls.

Ijýkuj`s r`o`s ` efcltãfs Nfdbfgnfg lj `rilgbsc` nfiârcfgfs y sustlgmbls fxtrlüls

Ijýkuj`s kjlgm`s `jfum`mbt`s

Bgtfrvbfgfg fg jl m`liujlmbýg

Qjlquftls]u dugmbýg fs fj trlgsp`rtf nf ilsfs

rfspbrlt`rb`s






>. MJL]BDBMLMBÝG NF J@] LQL[L^@] R ]B]^FCL] NFJ @[ILGB]C@

J@] <1 ]B]^FCL] @ LQL[L^@] NFJ @[ILGB]C@ EVCLG@?

Vg sbstfcl ` lplrlt` nfj `rilgbsc` fs fj m`gougt` nf ýrilg`s e`c`iâgf`s ` sfcfolgtfs p`r su fstrumturl,`rbifg ` dugmbýg prbgmbplj. Fj mufrp` euclg` fs ugl ugbnln `rilgbzlnl, p`r j` tlgt` mlnl lplrlt` ` sbstfclmucpjf ugl dugmbýg prbgmbplj pfr`, l su vfz, t`n`s fstìg rfjlmb`gln`s fgtrf sã.

Fxbstfg <1 sbstfcls ` lplrlt`s quf s`g?

^`n`s fst`s sbstfcls g` tfgnrãlg sfgtbn` sbg jl bgtfrlmmbýg nf ug`s m`g `tr`s.

< [F]QB[L^@[B@ ]u dugmbýg fs fj bgtfrmlckb` ilsf`s .̀ [fmbkf`xãifg` y fxpujsl M@;

; CV]MVJL[ Fstì m`gstbtubn` p`r j`s cÿsmuj`s nfj mufrp` muylcbsbýg fs fj c`vbcbfgt`.

= F]\VFJÂ^BM@D`rcln` p`r fj m`gougt` nf eufs`s nfj mufrp` qufpr`tfifg j`s ýrilg`s vbtljfs y nlg s`stâg l jlfstrumturl nfj mufrp`.

> NBIF]^BT@ Fgmlriln` nfj pr`mfs` nf gutrbmbýg.

6 MB[MVJL^@[B@]u dugmbýg m`gsbstf fg fj trlgsp`rtf nf gutrbfgtfs y`xãifg` l jls mâjujls y rfm`ibnl nf pr`numt`s nfnfsfme` y M@;.

4 V[BGL[B@ @FUM[F^@[

Fgmlriln` nf dbjtrlr jl slgirf plrl fxpujslr jlssustlgmbls nf nfsfme` lj fxtfrb`r nfj mufrp`.Lnfcìs fstì bcpjbmln` fg jl rfiujlmbýg eãnrbml ygbvfj nf b`gfs.

9 FGN@M[BG@Qr`numf e`rc`gls quf fstìg bcpjbmlnls fgpr`mfs`s cftlkýjbm`s, nf rfpr`nummbýg ymrfmbcbfgt`

5 [FQ[@NVM^@[ Fs fj rfsp`gslkjf nf jl pr`nummbýg nf ilcft`s ynf jl rfpr`nummbýg euclgl

2 GF[TB@]@ [fmbkf y lgljbzl fstãcuj`s plrl nfspuâs mrflr uglrfspufstl fg dugmbýg nf jl bgd`rclmbýg rfmbkbnl

<1 JBGDÌ^BM@ Fs fj fgmlriln` nf jl pr`nummbýg nf j`sm`cp`gfgtfs nfj sbstfcl bgcug`jýibm`




^fcl ;? J`mljbzlmbýg nf jls fstrumturls lgltýcbmls

www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? 2; !"# "!$ %ìi. &

<. Q@]BMBÝG R QJLG@] LGL^ÝCBM@]

Lglt`cãl fs fj fstunb` nf jl fstrumturl, sbtulmbýg y rfjlmb`gfs nf jls nbstbgtls plrtfs nfj mufrp`

euclg`.

J`s pjlg`s lgltýcbm`s s`g jls rfdfrfgmbls fsplmbljfs quf sbrvfg plrl nfsmrbkbr jl nbsp`sbmbýg nfj`s nbdfrfgtfs tfobn`s, ýrilg`s y sbstfcls y jl rfjlmbýg quf fxbstf fgtrf fjj`s.

J`s pr`dfsb`gljfs slgbtlrb`s utbjbzlg fj jfgiulof lgltýcbm` plrl m`cugbmlrsf nf d`rcl mjlrl yprfmbsl y fvbtlr p`sbkjfs m`gdusb`gfs.

Q@]BMBÝG LGL^ÝCBML

Jl p`sbmbýg lgltýcbml fs jl rfdfrfgmbl l gbvfj ugbvfrslj plrl jl nfsmrbpmbýg y fj fstunb` nfj mufrp` euclg`

y su lglt`cãl. Fg fstl p`sbmbýg fj mufrp` sf fgmufgtrl nf pbf, m`g mlkfzl y mufjj` friubn`s, cbrlgn` nf

drfgtf, m`g j`s krlz`s fxtfgnbn`s l lck`s jln`s nfj mufrp` y m`g jls pljcls nf jls clg`s elmbl nfjlgtf,jls pbfrgls ug p`m` sfplrlnls y m`g j`s pbfs cbrlgn` elmbl fj drfgtf.

ÃGNBMF NFJ ^FCL ;

<. Q`sbmbýg y pjlg`s lgltýcbm`s

;. ^frcbg`j`iãl nf p`sbmbýg y nbrfmmbýg

=. Vkbmlmbýg nf jls rfib`gfs y mlvbnlnfs m`rp`rljfs?t`rìmbml, lkn`cbg`-pâjvbml, mrlgflj y fspbglj

>. [fib`gfs m`rp`rljfs y fstrumturls lgltýcbmlsj`mljbzlnls fg jls rfib`gfs.

^FCL ;? J@MLJB_LMBÝG NF JL]

F]^[VM^V[L] LGL^ÝCBML]





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? 2; !"# "!$ %ìi. ;

QJLG@] \VF L^[LTBF]LG JL]QL[^F] NFJ MVF[Q@

J`s pjlg`s s`g supfrdbmbfs bclibglrbls qufplslg l trlvâs nf jls plrtfs nfj mufrp`

Qjlg`slibtlj

Fs ug pjlg` quf nbvbnf lj mufrp`u ýrilg` fg jln` nfrfme` fbzqubfrn`.

Mulgn` fj pjlg` nbvbnf lj mufrp`u ýrilg` fg n`s plrtfs biuljfssf nfg`cbgl pjlg` slibtljcfnb` y sb j` elmf fg n`s plrtfsnfsbiuljfs sf jjlcl pjlg`plrlslibtlj .

J`s c`vbcbfgt`s quf sf rfljbzlgfg fstf pjlg` s`g nf djfxbýg yfxtfgsbýg.

Qjlg`dr`gtlj

Fstf pjlg` nbvbnf lj mufrp` uýrilg` fg plrtf lgtfrb`r ` vfgtrljy `trl plrtf p`stfrb`r ` n`rslj.

^lckbâg sf m`g`mf m`c` pjlg`m`r`glj.

Fg fstf pjlg` sf rfljbzlgc`vbcbfgt`s nf lnummbýg ylknummbýg.

Qjlg`trlgsvfrslj

Nbvbnf lj ýrilg` ` lj mufrp` fgcbtln supfrb`r y cbtln bgdfrb`r.

Fg fstf pjlg` sf rfljbzlg j`sc`vbcbfgt`s nf r`tlmb`gfsbgtfrgls (pr`glmbýg) y r`tlmb`gfsfxtfrgls (supbglmbýg) nf jlsnbstbgtls plrtfs nfj mufrp`.

FOF] \VF L^[LTBF]LG JL] QL[^F] NFJ MVF[Q@

^`n`s j`s fofs y pjlg`s s`g pfrpfgnbmujlrfs fgtrf sã.

Fof vfrtbmljFs fj fof pfrpfgnbmujlr lj sufj`, vl nf jl mlkfzl l pbfs.

Fs ug fof tbp` mrlgflj-mlunlj.

Fof slibtlj ^rlgsmurrf e`rbz`gtlj y plrljfj` lj sufj` nfsnf jl plrtf lgtfrb`rnfj mufrp` elstl jl plrtf p`stfrb`r nfj cbsc`.

Fof trlgsvfrslj `

jltfr`-jltfrlj

]biuf ugl nbrfmmbýg nf jln` l jln` nfj mufrp`.





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? 2; !"# "!$ %ìi. #

;. ^F[CBG@J@IÃL NF Q@]BMBÝG R NB[FMMBÝG

]upfrb`r,mfdìjbm` `

mrlgflj

• Fg nbrfmmbýg l jl mlkfzl.

• Fofc? jl ilrilgtl fs mrlgflj `supfrb`r lj fstýcli`.

Bgdfrb`r `mlunlj

• Elmbl jl plrtf cìs klol nf uglfstrumturl.

• Fofc? lkn`cfg fs mlunlj rfspfmt`lj týrlx.

Lgtfrb`r `vfgtrlj

• Fg jl plrtf dr`gtlj nfj mufrp`.

• Fofc? glrbz fs vfgtrlj rfspfmt` l jls`rfols.

Q`stfrb`r `n`rslj

• Fg jl plrtf trlsfrl nfj mufrp`.

• Fofc? vârtfkrls s`g p`stfrb`rfsrfspfmt` lj fstfrgýg.

Cfnblj

• Mfrmlg` l jl jãgfl cfnbl nfjmufrp`, nbvbnf fj mufrp` fg n`scbtlnfs, nfrfmel f bzqubfrnl.

• Fofc? mÿkbt` fs cfnblj lj rlnb`.

Jltfrlj

• Ljfoln` ` nbstlgtf nf jl jãgfl cfnblnfj mufrp`.

• Fofc? `rfols s`g jltfrljfs rfspfmt`l j`s `o`s.

Qr`xbclj

• Fg nbrfmmbýg ` cìs mfrmlg` l jlugbýg nf ugl fxtrfcbnln m`g fjtr`gm` ` m`g ugl sfmmbýg ` cbfckr`nfj mufrp`

• Fofc? m`n` fs pr`xbclj rfspfmt` ljl cuüfml.

Nbstlj

• Fs lji` sbtuln` cìs jfo`s nf jlugbýg nf ugl fxtrfcbnln m`g fjtr`gm` ` m`g ugl fstrumturl.

• Fofc? fj t`kbjj` fs nbstlj rfspfmt` l

jl r`nbjjl.

]upfrdbmblj `pfrbdârbm`

• Muljqubfr fstrumturl quf sffgmufgtrf fg jl supfrdbmbf m`rp`rlj `mfrml.

• Fofc? `ckjbi` fs supfrdbmbljrfspfmt` l j`s bgtfstbg`s.

Qr`dugn` `mfgtrlj

• Fs t`nl fstrumturl quf sf eljjf cìsljfolnl nf jl supfrdbmbf m`rp`rlj.

• Fofc? pujc`gfs s`g pr`dugn`srfspfmt` l jls m`stbjjls.

J`s târcbg`s nbrfmmb`gljfs s`gpljlkrls quf nfsmrbkfg y

j`mljbzlg nf clgfrl prfmbsl jlp`sbmbýg nf ugl plrtf nfj mufrp`fg rfjlmbýg l `trl.

J`s târcbg`s nbrfmmb`gljfs cìsfcpjfln`s s`g j`s quf dbiurlg fgjl tlkjl nf jl bzqubfrnl





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? 2; !"# "!$ %ìi. '


<.- ]füljl sb jls sbiubfgtfs drlsfs s`g vfrnlnfrls ` dljsls?l. Fj pjlg` slibtlj nbvbnf lj mufrp` fg jln` nfrfme` f bzqubfrn`.

k. Fj fof vfrtbmlj nbvbnf lj mufrp` fg jln` nfrfme` f bzqubfrn`.

m. J`s pjlg`s fstìg d`rclgn` ìgiuj`s nf 21¿ fgtrf sã.

n. Fj pjlg` trlgsvfrslj nbvbnf lj mufrp` fg cbtln supfrb`r f bgdfrb`r.

f. Fj fof trlgsvfrslj fs ug fof tbp` mrlgflj-mlunlj.





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? 2; !"# "!$ %ìi. &

;.= VKBMLMBÝG NF JL] [FIB@GF] R MLTBNLNF] M@[Q@[LJF]? ^@[ÌMBML,LKNÝCBG@-QÂJTBML, M[LGFLJ R F]QBGLJ

Jls mlvbnlnfs m`rp`rljfs s`g fsplmb`s nfgtr` nfj mufrp` quf pr`tfifg, sfplrlg y s`stbfgfg j`s ýrilg`s

bgtfrg`s. J`s eufs`s, cÿsmuj`s y jbilcfgt`s sfplrlg jls nbstbgtls mlvbnlnfs fgtrf sã. Jls n`s mlvbnlnfs

prbgmbpljfs fg fj mufrp` euclg` s`g?

<. N`rslj

;. Tfgtrlj.





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? 2; !"# "!$ %ìi. ;

M L T B N L N F ]

N@

[]LJ

]f j`mljbzl fg jl plrtf p`stfrb`r nfj mufrp` y tbfgf n`s suknbvbsb`gfs?

<. Mlvbnln mrlgflj? fs fj fsplmb` bgtfrb`r nf j`s eufs`s nfj mrìgf`, n`gnf sf ljòl fj

mfrfkr`.

;. Mlvbnln fspbglj ` cfnujlr? sf fxtbfgnf nfsnf jl mlvbnln mrlgflj elstl fj dbglj nfjl m`jucgl vfrtfkrlj. Fg fjjl sf fgmufgtrl jl cânujl fspbglj.

TF

G^[LJ

M`gtbfgf t`nls jls fstrumturls lgltýcbmls nfj týrlx y lkn`cfg. Lckls mlvbnlnfs sffgmufgtrlg sfplrlnls dãsbmlcfgtf p`r fj nbldrlicl. Fstl mlvbnln l su vfz sf nbvbnf fg?

<. Mlvbnln t`rìmbml? ]f j`mljbzl fg jl plrtf supfrb`r nf jl mlvbnln vfgtrlj y ljòl l j`spujc`gfs y fj m`rlzýg, fgtrf `tr`s ýrilg`s. ^lckbâg sf fgmufgtrl fj cfnblstbg`quf m`gtbfgf lj fsýdli`, fj tbc`, jl trìqufl, fj m`rlzýg y vlrb`s vls`s nf irlg

mljbkrf8 y sf fxtbfgnf nfsnf jl m`jucgl vfrtfkrlj elstl fj fstfrgýg

;. Mlvbnln lknýcbg`-pâjvbml? sbtulnl fg jl plrtf bgdfrb`r nf jl mlvbnln vfgtrlj y sffxtbfgnf nfsnf fj nbldrlicl elstl jl bgijf. Fstl mlvbnln fstì r`nflnl p`r jl plrfnlkn`cbglj y sf suknbvbnf fg?

Mlvbnln lkn`cbglj ? fs n`gnf sf fgmufgtrlg j`s bgtfstbg`s, fstýcli`,klz`, eãiln`, ftm.

Mlvbnln pâjvbml ? sf fgmufgtrl ljòlnl jl vfobil, fj rfmt` y j`s ýrilg`s nfjsbstfcl rfpr`numt`r.





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? 2; !"# "!$ %ìi. #

;.> [FIB@GF] M@[Q@[LJF] R F]^[VM^V[L] LGL^ÝCBML]J@MLJB_LNL] FG JL] [FIB@GF]

Fj mufrp` euclg` sf nbvbnf y sf fstrumturl fg irlgnfs rfib`gfs, âstls l su vfz bgmjuyfg ìrfls y nfgtr` nfmlnl ìrfl sf sbtÿlg j`s lplrlt`s, ýrilg`s y cbfckr`s.

Jls mlvbnlnfs t`rìmbml y lkn`cbglj tbfgfg ugls cfckrlgls sfr`sls quf rfvbstfgsus plrfnfs y quf s`g n`kjfs, nfsjbzìgn`sf fgtrf fjjls nfkbn` l ug djuo` lmu`s`?

<. CFCK[LGL QL[BF^LJ? rfmukrf jl plrfn nfj cÿsmuj` ` eufs .̀

;. CFCK[LGL TB]MF[LJ? rfmukrf lj ýrilg` fg mufstbýg.

Nf fstl clgfrl sf fvbtlg jl drbmmbýg fgtrf j`s cÿsmuj`s ` eufs`s y j`s ýrilg`s.Nfgtr` nf jls cfckrlgls sfr`sls jls cìs bcp`rtlgtfs s`g?

` QJFV[L? rfmukrf j`s pujc`gfs.

` QF[BML[NB@? rfmukrf fj m`rlzýg

` QF[B^@GF@? rfmukrf fj lkn`cfg





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? 2; !"# "!$ %ìi. '

[FIB@GF] M@[Q@[LJF]

Jl rfibýg lkn`cbglj fs jl cìs m`cpjfolp`r jl irlg mlgtbnln nf ýrilg`s yfstrumturls quf m`gtbfgf.

Qlrl dlmbjbtlr jl nfsmrbpmbýg nf ukbmlmbýgnf jfsbýg ` n`j`r fg fstl z`gl sf

suknbvbnf fg 2 mulnrlgtfs m`g jãgflsbclibglrbls.

Mlnl mulnrlgtf sf ls`mbl l ug` ` vlrb`sýrilg`s.





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? 2; !"# "!$ %ìi.


;.- ]füljl sb jls sbiubfgtfs drlsfs s`g vfrnlnfrls ` dljsls?

l) Fg fj mufrp` euclg` ely n`s mlvbnlnfs prbgmbpljfs? n`rslj y vfgtrlj

k) Jls cfckrlgls sfr`sls quf rfmukrfg jls mlvbnlnfs vfgtrljfs s`g n`kjfs

m) Nfgtr` nf jl mlvbnln n`rslj ug` nf j`s ýrilg`s quf sf fgmufgtrl fs jl vfobil

n) Jl mlvbnln cfnujlr sf nfg`cbgl lsã p`rquf sf lj`ol jl cânujl fspbglj

=.- Fsmrbkf fj g`ckrf nf j`s trfs mulnrlgtfs supfrb`rfs nf jl rfibýg lkn`cbglj

<. ……………………………………….

;. ……………………………………….

=. ……………………………………….





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? 2;6 45= 549 Qìi. <

]@JVMB@GF] L JL] Q[FIVG^L] BGMJVBNL] FG J@] M@G^FGBN@] ]FCLGLJF]

<.- Jl fstrumturl ofrìrqubml nf gufstr` `rilgbsc` fg ugl fsmljl nf cfg`r l cly`r vbfgf

nlnl p`r jl liruplmbýg nf?l) ]bstfcls ” ýrilg`s ” tfobn`s ” mâjujls ” c`jâmujls ” ìt`c`s.



;.- Jl fstrumturl ofrìrqubml nf gufstr` `rilgbsc` fg ugl fsmljl nf cfg`r l cly`r vbfgfnlnl p`r jl liruplmbýg nf?


k) ̂ fobn`s ”

ýrilg`s ”

mâjujls ”

c`jâmujls ”

ìt`c`s ”

sbstfcls.m) Ìt`c`s ” c`jâmujls ” mâjujls ” tfobn`s ” ýrilg`s ” sbstfcls.

=.- Jl mâjujl fstì m`gstbtubnl p`r trfs fjfcfgt`s?


k) Cfckrlgl pjlscìtbml, mbt`pjlscl y gumjâ`j`.

m) Cfckrlgl pjlscìtbml, mbt`pjlscl y gÿmjf`.

6.- ]fiÿg su dugmbýg fj tfobn` fpbtfjblj sf pufnf mjlsbdbmlr fg?

l) Nf rfvfstbcbfgt` y fstrltbdbmln`

k) Fstrltbdbmln` y nf rfvfstbcbfgt`

m) Nf rfvfstbcbfgt` y ijlgnujlr

>.- Fj pr`mfs` nf cbt`sbs sf nfslrr`jjl fg jls sbiubfgtfs dlsfs (m`cpjftljls pljlkrls l plrtbr nf jls bgbmbljfs)?

Qr`dlsf, Cftldlsf, Lgldlsf y ^fj`dlsf





www.fk`rld`rclmb`g.fs ^fj.? 2;6 45= 549 Qìi. ;

4.- [fspfmt` l jls mâjujls quf m`cp`gfg fj tfobn` slgiuãgf`, rfjlmb`gl j`s m`gmfpt`s nf jlsn`s m`jucgls

Ijýkuj`s r` o`s ̀

efcltãfs

Nfdbfgnfg lj `rilgbsc` nfiârcfgfs y sustlgmbls fxtrlüls

Ijýkuj`s kjlgm`s ̀

jfum`mb t`sBgtfrvbfgfg fg jl m`liujlmbýg

Qjlquftls]u dugmbýg fs fj trlgsp`rtf nf

ilsfs rfspbrlt`rb`s





]@JVMB@GF] L JL] Q[FIVG^L] BGMJVBNL] FG J@] M@G^FGBN@] ]FCLGLJF]

<.- ]füljl sb jls sbiubfgtfs drlsfs s`g vfrnlnfrls ` dljsls?

l) Fj pjlg` slibtlj nbvbnf lj mufrp` fg jln` nfrfme` f bzqubfrn`. T

k) Fj fof vfrtbmlj nbvbnf lj mufrp` fg jln` nfrfme` f bzqubfrn`. D

m) J`s pjlg`s fstìg d`rclgn` ìgiuj`s nf 21¿ fgtrf sã. T

n) Fj pjlg` trlgsvfrslj nbvbnf lj mufrp` fg cbtln supfrb`r f bgdfrb`r. T

f) Fj fof trlgsvfrslj fs ug fof tbp` mrlgflj-mlunlj. D

;.- ]füljl sb jls sbiubfgtfs drlsfs s`g vfrnlnfrls ` dljsls?

l) Fg fj mufrp` euclg` ely n`s mlvbnlnfs prbgmbpljfs? n`rslj y vfgtrlj T

k) Jls cfckrlgls sfr`sls quf rfmukrfg jls mlvbnlnfs vfgtrljfs s`g n`kjfs T

m) Nfgtr` nf jl mlvbnln n`rslj ug` nf j`s ýrilg`s quf sf fgmufgtrl fs jl vfobil D

n) Jl mlvbnln cfnujlr sf nfg`cbgl lsã p`rquf sf lj`ol jl cânujl fspbglj T

=.- Fsmrbkf fj g`ckrf nf j`s trfs mulnrlgtfs supfrb`rfs nf jl rfibýg lkn`cbglj?

Ebp`m`gnrb` nfrfme`

Fpbilstrb`

Ebp`m`gnrb` bzqubfrn`

tecnico en emergencias sanitarias trimestre 1 anatomofisiología con ejercicios resueltos

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