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1The Univers i ty of KansasAdaptive Aerostruc tures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biologic al Sciences

Solution Cell

Pressure Adaptive Honeycomb forAerospace Applications

By

Mr. Shawn-Paul BoikePresident, AIC

Dr. Ron Barrett, DirectorAdaptive Aerostructures LaboratoryUniversity of Kansas, Lawrence

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2The Univers i ty of KansasAdaptive Aerostruc tures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biologic al Sciences

Three Selected Applications:

I. Advanced Seating for Commercial Airliners

II. Door opening mechanisms for LO aircraft

III. High lift mechanism actuators

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3The Univers i ty of KansasAdaptive Aerostruc tures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biologic al Sciences

BackgroundUS Patent 8,366,057, issued Feb. 2013 describes the highest multi-cyclic mass-specific

energy density actuator class known to be made from FAR-25 certifiable materials

High Pressure Adaptive Honeycomb

ConventionalHydraulics

& Pneumatics

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4The Univers i ty of KansasAdaptive Aerostruc tures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biologic al Sciences

Background

As a distributed actuator, Pressure Adaptive Honeycomb (PAH) has been shown to

reduce aerospace actuator system weights by as much as 80% as it eliminates the needfor many hard points.

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5The Univers i ty of KansasAdaptive Aerostruc tures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biologic al Sciences

Aerospace Seating Applications

I.Business & First Class seats have between 2 and 14actuators of different stroke and force capability.

II.Replacement will yield aweight saving of between1 and 16lb per seat

@ $750-$1,500/lb787LCCsavings = $425-$850k

III. Honeycomb used for crashenergy absorption easilysatisfies FAR 25.562

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6The Univers i ty of KansasAdaptive Aerostruc tures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biologic al Sciences

Aerospace Seating Applications

conventionalreclination

actuators

conventional electromagneticseat elevation, tilt actuators conventional electromagnetic

jackscrew footrest actuators

PAH Actuators ~20% of theweight of electromagneticservoactuators

PAH Actuators with 10:1extension capability

ultra-low weight, compliant

headrest actuators

ultra-low weight,conformal lumbar spine

and sacral seatactuators

conventionalreclinationactuators

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8The Univers i ty of KansasAdaptive Aerostruc tures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biologic al Sciences

LO Aircraft Door Applications

Hinges, push-rods, lockingmechanisms, latches boostopen-door RCS

PAH door actuators and lockingMechanisms can be made fromRAM cellular structure,dropping open door RCS

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Th U i i t f K Th U i i t f Mi t

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10The Univers i ty of KansasAdaptive Aerostruc tures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biologic al Sciences

High Lift Mechanisms:

Conventional Actuators in new (22 year old)Conventional Adaptive Wing Concept:

Conventional actuators = heavy Not adaptively aerocompliant = minimal to adverse gust load alleviation optimization Not capable of negative section lift-curve slope generation

No advantage in V-n diagram gust peak alleviation No ride quality improvement, aeromechanics enhancement and fatigue load alleviation Load concentration drives weight, increases complexity, cost Zone 1 lightning strike untested

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Th U i i t f K Th U i i t f Mi t

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12The Univers i ty of KansasAdaptive Aerostruc tures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biologic al Sciences

High Lift Mechanisms:Pressure Adaptive Honeycomb Flap Systems:

Fully adjustable adaptive aerocompliance

Extremely lightweight, using aerospace-grade honeycomb

Distributed actuation = no hard point load concentration

Gust load alleviation, ride quality tailoring, flight safety enhancement

Th U i i t f K Th U i i t f Mi t

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13The Univers i ty of KansasAdaptive Aerostruc tures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biologic al Sciences

High Lift Mechanisms: SolutionCell PAH Wings

The Univers i ty of Kansas The Univers i ty of Minnesota

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14The Univers i ty of KansasAdaptive Aerostruc tures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biologic al Sciences

High Lift Mechanisms: SolutionCell PAH Wings

Structure of a typical FAR-25 V-n Diagram

+1

0

-1

Load

Factor,

n(

g's)

VS1 VA VC VD

Maneuver Limits

Gust Limits

Gust Limits

Commercial Aircraft

Structural Weights areset by these points

Flight Speed, Vflt (kts)

The Univers i ty of Kansas The Univers i ty of Minnesota

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15The Univers i ty of KansasAdaptive Aerostruc tures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biologic al Sciences

High Lift Mechanisms: SolutionCell PAH Wings

+1

0

-1

Load

Factor,

n(

g's)

VS1 VA VC VDFlight Speed, Vflt (kts)

Compression of Gust Lines to within Maneuver...just like birds do, via dynamic aerocompliance

The Univers i ty of Kansas The Univers i ty of Minnesota

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16The Univers i ty of KansasAdaptive Aerostruc tures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biologic al Sciences

High Lift Mechanisms: SolutionCell PAH Wings

Compression of Gust Lines to within Maneuver...just like birds do, via dynamic aerocompliance

+1

0

-1

Load

Factor,

n(

g's)

VS1 VA VC VDFlight Speed, Vflt (kts)

The Univers i ty of Kansas The Univers i ty of Minnesota

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17The Univers i ty of KansasAdaptive Aerostruc tures Laboratory

The Univers i ty of MinnesotaCollege of Biologic al Sciences

High Lift Mechanisms: SolutionCell PAH Wings

Implications for commercial jets: Reduction in Structural Weight 9 - 22%

Increase in mission integrated L/Dmax 6 - 9% Reduction in DOC at constant range 7 - 11%

Increase in range at constant TOW 12 - 18%

Section gust load rejection: up to 380%

Net airframe gust load rejection up to 87%

Safe Airframe Life Extension 11 - 14%