manejo de la agricultura sostenible

7/25/2019 MANEJO DE LA AGRICULTURA SOSTENIBLE

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1-7-2016

sd

TRABAJO ENCARGADO

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL ALTIPLANO PUNO

FACULTAD CIENCIAS AGRARIAS

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL INGENIERIA AGRONMICA

CURSO: MANEJO DE LA

AGRICULTURA SOSTENIBLE

DOCENTE: Ing.JULIO MAYTA

QUISPE

PRESENTADO POR:

Cabana Monzn Walter Elas

SEMESTRE: 2016 I

CODIGO: 120036

PUNO PERU

2016


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INDICE1. AGRICULTURA ORGNICA ......................................................................................................... 2

INTRODUCCION ......................................................................................................................... 2

OBJETIVO DE LA AGRICULTURA ORGANICA ............................................................................. 3

CONCEPTO DE AGRICULTURA ORGNICA ................................................................................. 3

HITORIA DE LA AGRICULTURA ORGANICA ................................................................................ 4

ALGUNAS DE LAS PRINCIPALES VENTAJAS DE LA AGRICULTURA ORGNICA ........................... 4

2. AGRICULTURA BIOLOGICA ........................................................................................................

INTRODUCCION .........................................................................................................................

OBJETIVOS .................................................................................................................................

!"U# ES LA AGRICULTURA BIOL$GICA% ................................................................................... 6

VENTAJAS DE LA AGRICULTURA BIOL$GICA ............................................................................. 6

3. AGRICULTURA SUSTENTABLE ................................................................................................... 7

INTRODUCCION ......................................................................................................................... 7

OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................................. 7

AGRICULTURA SUSTENTABLE .................................................................................................... 7

C&'d()(&'*s +,, * d*s,&& d* /', ,()//, s&s*'(* ..................................................

4. AGRICULTURA BIODINICA ................................................................................................... 5

INTRODUCCI$N ......................................................................................................................... 5

!"U# ES LA BIODINICA% ...................................................................................................... 5

HISTORIA AGRICULTURA BIODINICA ................................................................................. 10

PRINCIPIOS DE LA AGRICULTURA BIODINICA .................................................................... 10

PRCTICAS DE LA AGRICULTURA BIODINICA..................................................................... 10

. AGRICULTURA ECOL$GICA ..................................................................................................... 12

INTRODUCCI$N ....................................................................................................................... 12

PRINCIPIOS DE LA AGRICULTURA ECOL$GICA .................................................................... 13

O*'*s +(')(+(&s d* , ,()//, *)&8(), .................................................................... 13

IPORTANCIA ACTUAL DE LA AGRICULTURA ECOL$GICA. .................................................... 1

BIBLIOGRA9:A CONSULTADA ....................................................................................................... 16

ANE;OS ....................................................................................................................................... 16


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1. AGRICULTURA ORGNICA

INTRODUCCION

L,s +/*&' /s,d,s +& +(?*, @*= ,)* ?(*s d*

,&s. E'* *s,s *s&?,s /* s&' *)&'8?(),?*'* s&s*'(*s & *' d,. E' , +&d/))(8' &,(=, , s,/d d* s(s*?, )&?+*& d* +&d/))(8' , ('*,))(8' d* +(),)(8' d* ,s >/*'*s d* ('*s&s d* &s +*/*&s ,()/&*s+&*s /* )&'s(/*' /'& d* &s +(')(+,*s /+&s d* d*s(',,(&s d* &s +&*)&s.

L&s )*)(*'*s '(@**s d* d**(&& d* &s *)&s(s*?,s ,' &(,d& , , s&)(*d,d , /s),,*',(@,s d* +&d/))(8' ?


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OBJETIVO DE LA AGRICULTURA ORGANICA

D*>('( /F *s ,()//, &(), d(>**')(,s *'* , ,()//, )&'@*')(&', , ,()//, &('()(8' d* D*+,,?*'& d* A()//, d* Es,d&s U'(d&s d* 154 ,,()//,&*((=,'*s

+,/()(d,s */,d&*s d* )*)(?(*'& ,d((@&s +,, , ,(?*',)(8' ,'(?, )&?+/*s&ss('F(),?*'*. T,'& )&?& s*, +&s(* &s s(s*?,s d* ,()//, &


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HITORIA DE LA AGRICULTURA ORGANICA

J.I. Rodale fundador del Rodale Research Institute and Organic Farming and

Gardening magazine es conocido como el padre del movimiento moderno de

agricultura orgnica

1!" # informaci$n so%re m&todos de producci$n agr'cola sin (u'micos seg)n *ir +l%ert,o-ard # sistemas en la India # devolver los residuos de cosechas esti&rcol al suelo los

desechos / promover la idea de tra%a0ar con la naturaleza usando cosechas con ra'ces

profundas (ue o%tienen sus nutrientes del suelo

1" # aumento en conciencia am%iental

1" # el congreso paso el Organic Foods 2roduction +ct 3OR2+4 para desarrollarunas normas nacionales para la producci$n orgnica

5""5 # la reglamentaci$n final fue escrita e implantada

ALGUNAS DE LAS PRINCIPALES VENTAJAS DE LA AGRICULTURA ORGNICA

s&', E s/*& *' /* s* +,)(/* *s* (+& d* ,()//, s*< *'*>()(,d& , /* s/

+&)*s& d* +&d/))(8' '& *s ,' d*s,s,'* )&?& * d* , ,()//, ,d()(&', & ('*'s(@, *s d*)( s*

*d/)* d*((=,'*s s('F()&s &s )/,*s +/*d*' s* s/s(/(d&s +&

(&+,/()(d,s d >*((=,'*s & E s,& d* &s )/(@&s /* ,' s(d& +&d/)(d&s d* ?,'*, &


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2. AGRICULTURA BIOLOGICA

INTRODUCCION

L, /?,'(d,d @(*'* &?,'d& )&')(*')(, d* )&'('/& s(s*?/*'*s d* )&',?(',)(8' s**,)(&', )&' , ,()//, )&'@*')(&', & /?(), /* ,,s, )&' , >&, ',/, +,,s/s(/(, )&' ?&'&)/(@&s /((=, >*((=,'*s +*s()(d,s /?()&s ),?(,'d& , (&&,',/, )&',?(','d& &s s/*&s * ,/, &s ,(?*'&s d*s/* , ),+, d* &=&'& >&?*',, *+&s(8' d* +,,s *'>*?*d,d*s ,@*'s*s ?, ,?,d,s ?,*=,s /s, &?&',s d*)*)(?(*'& s/s,')(,s +,, , ?,d/,)(8' +*s*@,'*s *)(*'*?*'* s*?(,s?,'(+/,d,s *'F(),?*'* s*?(,s ,'sF'(),s. Es&s +&)*s&s * ('s/?&s *?+&*)*' &s,(?*'&s ,>*),' , s,/d /?,', * ?*d(& ,?(*'*.L&s *>*)&s d* *s* d*s,&& *' @*= d* +&d/)( /', ?,& s/>()(*')(, ,(?*',, +& *)&',(& ,' d**(&,d& d*s?*&,d& , ),(d,d d* , @(d, /, *'*,'d& ?,&d*+*'d*')(, d* &s +&d/)&*s *d/)(*'d& s/s ),+,)(d,d*s +&s(((d,d*s d* Ms/*d, d*

,*',(@,s ,'* &s +&*?,s d* , +&d/))(8'. T&d& *s& (?+(), , +Fd(d, d* , ,/&'&?,+,, , &?, d* d*)(s(&'*s &,'(=,)(8' d* s/s @(d,s.

OBJETIVOS

R*)&'&)* &s )&')*+&s &*'*s d*s,&& d* , ,()//, (&8(),.

C&?+*'d* * ?,'*& *>*)&s ,d@*s&s /* , &),s(&',d& , *@&/)(8' @*d* *' *+,'*, (*,.

Id*'(>(), &s >/'d,?*'&s d* , ,()//, (8(),.

C&'&)* &s d(>**'*s ?&@(?(*'&s ,*',(@&s d* ,()//, (&&(),.

C&'&)* ,s ),,)*s(),s d* , +&d/))(8' (&&(),.

Id*'(>(), ,s ,s*s ,+(),)(&'*s /* )/?+* , ,&(&&, *' &s '/*@&s ?&d*&sd* +&d/))(8' ,)&,.

C&'&)* ,s >/')(&'*s * (?+&,')(, d* &s *)&s(s*?,s ',/,*s.

C&?+*'d* * >/')(&',?(*'& )&?+&'*'*s d* &s ,&(&&(,.

R*)&'&)* &s +&)*s&s d* ,()//, (&8(),


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QU ES LA AGRICULTURA BIOLGICA?

L, ,()//, (&8(), *s /' )&')*+& d(>**'* d* , ,)/, ,()//, ('d/s(,. N& *s /','/*@, F)'(), ,)&, '( *s ,& *s()(@& & *8,d& '( *s /', ,()//, ,d()(&',+&)& +&d/)(@, ,&,d&, d* &s s/*&s. P& * )&',(& *s )*,(@, )(*'>(), ,@,'=,d,

+*?(* , s&/)(8' d* ,@*s +&*?,s ,?(*',*s s,'(,(&s s&)(,*s +&d/)(d&s +& *d*s*/(((& /* s/+&'* , d*s,+,()(8' d* , @*d,d*, ,()//, &s ,()/&*s. A '&/s, ,&/?()&s ,&, d('*& , +&d/)& /* /((=, +,, , >*((=,)(8' &s s/+&d/)&sd* , >('), )&' & /* *@(, ,d*?()(&s, ,*s+*, ,s *s+*)(*s s(@*s*s ,'(?,*s @**,*s /* )&'@(@*' ,*d*d& d* &s )/(@&sA/* 2004.

E' s/ s*'(d& ?&d*'& , +,,, (&&),Q +,*)* ,* s(d& ('&d/)(d,('d*+*'d(*'*?*'* +& G&>(*d R*('&d T*@(,'/sB(&&(* &d* P(&s&+(* d***'d*' N,/ 102 +& J*,'-B,+(s* L,?,)K Hd&F&&(* 102. G*'*,?*'* s*d()* /* * F?('& >/* ,)/,d& *' 100 +& , 9(*d() B/d,) ,/'/* s* ?*')(&', *' */& d* *)* @&/?*' d* P(&s&+(,* ',/,(s s(@* +s(),* d&?,(),* G*&&,(&&, +&&(, *'*,(s * d*'d&&(, d* (),* C(s&+ H,'& +/(),d& *'J(?F'*= 15.

VENTAJAS DE LA AGRICULTURA BIOLGICA

P&d/)* ,(?*'&s s,/d,*s ()&s *' '/(*'*s s,&s&s. P&** , s,/d d* &s ,()/&*s. 9*((=, , (*, >*', , d*s*(>(),)(8'. 9,@&*)* , **')(8' d* ,/, '& )&',?(', &s ,)/>*&s. 9&?*', , (&d(@*s(d,d. ,'(*'* &s


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3. AGRICULTURA SUSTENTABLE

INTRODUCCION

L, ,()//, s&s*'(* s('(>(), )/(@, d* >&?, *' /* s* +*s*@* , s,/d d* , *'* d*, (*, , ,& +,=&. L&s ,()/&*s /* ,+(),' ?F&d&s s&s*'(*s ,,' d* +&d/)( &s,(?*'&s '/((@&s /* s/s >,?((,s , )&?/'(d,d '*)*s(,' , ?(s?& (*?+& )&'s*@, *,/, ?*&, &s s/*&s /,d, ,s s*?(,s +,, * >//&. L, ?,& +,* d* &s ,(?*'&s+&@(*'*' d* , (*, +*& ?/), *'* '& (*'* s/>()(*'* & ',d, d* (*, +,, +&d/)( &s,(?*'&s s,/d,*s /* '*)*s(,. L, ,()//, s&s*'(* , )&?*)(,(=,)(8' )&&+*,(@,d* ,(?*'&s , d(s(/)(8' /s, d* ,(?*'&s +/*d*' *'>*', *s,s d(>()/,d*s. L&s,()/&*s s&' &s /,d(,'*s d* , (*, s&' *+*&s *' & /* ,)*'. L&s ,()/&*sd*s,&,' ?F&d&s d* ,()//, s&s*'(* &s ?&d(>(),' s*M' ,s '*)*s(d,d*s d* s/s)&?/'(d,d*s ,s )&'d()(&'*s d* , (*, *' , /* ,,,'. L, ,()//, s&s*'(* *' ,s)(/d,d*s +/*&s & *' ('),s d* +*/*&s +&d/)&*s. C&'&)* , +,'(>(),)(8' d* , ,()//, *' /', =&', d* ,d*,. C&'&)* &s ,s+*)&s /* d**?(',' /', ,()//, '& s&s*'(*. C&'&)* ,s ),,)*s(),s +(')(+,*s d* &s ?&d&s d* +&d/))(8' ,)&, *' A?F(),

L,(',. C&'&)* &s *>*)&s (*s&s d* &s )/(@&s ,'sF'()&s &,'(s?&s *'F(),?*'*

?&d(>(),d&s.

AGRICULTURA SUSTENTABLE

Qu es la agricultura sostenible?E' , C/?* d* , T(*, *' 1552 *' R& d* J,'*(& , O,'(=,)(8' d* ,s N,)(&'*s U'(d,s

+,, , ,()//, , ,(?*',)(8' 9AO defini agricultura sostenible * d*s,&& /,s&s*'(* *' &s s(/(*'*s F?('&s Es , *s(8' )&'s*@,)(8' d* , ,s* d* &s *)/s&s


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',/,*s , &(*',)(8' d* ),?(& *)'&8()& * ('s(/)(&', d* , ?,'*, /* s* ,s*/*, )&'('/, s,(s>,))(8' d* ,s '*)*s(d,d*s /?,',s d* ,s *'*,)(&'*s ,)/,*s >//,s.

A()//, s/s*',* *s * ?,'*& )&'s*@,)(8' d* &s *)/s&s ',/,*s , &(*',)(8'd* ),?(&s *)'&8()&s * ('s(/)(&',*s d* ?,'*, d* ,s*/, , s,(s>,))(8' d* ,s

'*)*s(d,d*s /?,',s *' >&?, )&'('/,d, +,, ,s *'*,)(&'*s +*s*'*s >//,s. T,d*s,&& s/s*',* )&'s*@, * s/*& * ,/, *)/s&s *'F()&s ,'(?,*s @**,*s '&d*,d, ,?*d(& ,?(*'* *s F)'(),?*'* ,+&+(,d& *)&'8?(),?*'* @(,* s&)(,?*'* ,)*+,*D*>('()(8' d* , 9AO 1552 )(,d, *' @&' d* *(d 1554.

U', ,()//, s/s*',* *s ,/*, /* */((, */(,(@,?*'* ('**s*s *,)(&',d&s)&' , ),(d,d ,?(*', , @(,((d,d *)&'8?(), , /s()(, s&)(, *'* &d&s &s s*)&*s d*, s&)(*d,d. A*' et al. 1551.

L, s&s*'(((d,d *' , ,()//, *s*')(,?*'* s('(>(), * */(((& ,?8'()& *'* *

d*s,&& ,,(& &s )&?+&'*'*s d* ,&-*)&s(s*?,. Es* */(((& s* ,s, *' /',,d*)/,d& /s& d* &s *)/s&s &),?*'* d(s+&'(*s )&?& )(?, (*, ,/, @**,)(8')/(@&s &),*s ,'(?,*s ,((d,d*s )&'&)(?(*'& +&+(& d* , &),(d,d +,, +&'*,d*,'* /', ,()//, /* s*, *)&'8?(),?*'* >,)(* *)&8(),?*'* +&*(d,)//,?*'* ,d,+,d, s&)(,?*'* /s, s(' *)/( &s ('s/?&s **'&s /* s* +/*d*'/s, )&?& /' )&?+*?*'& , /s& d* *)/s&s &),*s. S&)&& et al. 2000.

L, ,()//, s&s*'(* s* ,)* '*)*s,(& *@(s, * )&')*+& d* d*s,&& s&s*'(* /* s((*' (*'* d(@*s,s ('*+*,)(&'*s *' s/ d*>('()(8' &((', d* 1571 s* d*>('* )&?& a(ueldesarrollo (ue satisface las necesidades de las generaciones presentes sin comprometer las

posi%ilidades de las generaciones futuras para atender sus propias necesidades.P&s*(&?*'* *s, d*>('()(8' , s(d& *@(s,d, )&?+*?*',d,. E' 2002 *' * ?,)& d* ,C/?* d* J&,''*s/& s* *>/*=, * )&')*+& d* /* , s&s*'(((d,d (')/* ,s+*)&s*)&'8?()&s s&)(,*s ,?(*',*s /* , *,d(),)(8' d* , +&*=, , +&d/))(8' *)&'s/?& s&s*'(*s , +&*))(8' ?,'*& d* &s *)/s&s ',/,*s s&' , ,s* d*d*s,&& *)&'8?()& s&)(, */(s(&s *s*')(,*s +,, ,),'=, /' d*s,&& s&s*'(*.

Con!"!on#$ %&'& #( #$&''o((o # )n& &*'!")(+)'& $o$+#n!,(#

L&s ?(*s d* &s *)/s&s ',/,*s (?+(),d&s *' ,s ,)(@(d,d*s ,&+*)/,(,s (,d&s('*&,*?*'* , ,s **s d* , ',/,*=, & **s *)&8(),s s/(**' ,s ?(s?,s *,s


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-. AGRICULTURA BIODINICA

INTRODUCCIN

L, A()//, B(&d('


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Es* (+& d* ,()//, )&'s(d*, ,s ,',s )&?& &,'(s?&s )&?+*&s. H,)* ('),+(F *' **/(((& d* s/ d*s,&& ('*, , ('**,)(8' d* s/*&s +,',s ,'(?,*s )&?& /'s(s*?, d* ,/&'/()(8' s(' ('*@*')(8' **', *' , ?*d(d, d* & +&s(* *'(*'d& *')/*', , +Fd(d, d* '/(*'*s d*(d& , , s,(d, d* &s ,(?*'&s >/*, d* , >('),.

C&?& *' &,s >&?,s d* ,()//, *)&8(), >*((=,'*s ,(>()(,*s +*s()(d,s *()(d,s

8()&s s&' *s(),?*'* *@(,d&s. L, ,()//, (&d('


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*&,?(*'& d* +,(s,* )*)&s @(@&s )/(@& d* &d*s +&*))(8' d* ,@*s )/(@&s?*&,d&*s d* s/*&s +&*s *>&*s,)(8'

C,(d,d d* &s s/*&s )&?+&s ,+&@*),?(*'& d* */?('&s,s *' &,)(8' ?*=),d* )/(@&s */?('&s&s )&' )**,*s,&'&s @*d*s

Us& d* +*+,,d&s (&d('


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/. AGRICULTURA ECOLGICA

INTRODUCCIN

E)&s(s*?, ,)&, /* ,)* /s& ,'& d* )&'&)(?(*'& ,d()(&', )&?& d* )&'&)(?(*'&))(*'>()&. L, ,()//, *)&8(), &>*)* , &s +,s*s *' d*s,&& /', ,?+(, ,?, d*@*',,s *)&'8?(),s ?*d(&,?(*',*s s&)(,*s )//,*s. L&s ?*),d&s &,*s +,, &s+&d/)&s *)&8()&s )*(>(),d&s ,' )*)(d&


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, (&d(@*s(d,d &s )()&s ,d,+,d&s , ,s )&'d()(&'*s &),*s s(' /s, ('s/?&s /* *','*>*)&s ,d@*s&s. L, ,()//, *)&8(), )&?(', ,d()(8' (''&@,)(8' )(*')(, +,,>,@&*)* * ?*d(& ,?(*'* /* )&?+,(?&s +&?&@* *,)(&'*s /s,s /', /*',),(d,d d* @(d, +,, &d&s &s /* +,()(+,' *' *,.Q

S(s*?, d* +&d/))(8' ,,(& /* ?*d(,'* , /((=,)(8' d* F)'(),s d* )&'s*@,)(8' ?*&, d* , ),(d,d d* s/*& >,@&*)* * *)&s(s*?, d* >&?, /* )&'s(/* &*'*,(?*'&s d* ?*((=,'*s s('F()&s +*s()(d,s /?()&s >/* &*&

d*


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)(),s +&+()(8 * d*s,&& d* ?&@(?(*'&s d* ,()//, *)&8(), , +,( d* , dF),d,d* 1520 )&'('/,'d& ,s ('>/*')(,s +&@*'(*'*s *' s/ ?,&, d* &s +,s*s */&+*&s.R/d&> S*('* 161X152 A* H&,d 173-1547 L,d E@* B,>&/ 15-1550 >/*&',/'&s d* &s +(&'*&s ?*((d,d d* s/*& , *s(8' d*+,,s * /s& d* *s(F)& *). /* * s(s*?, , /* s/s(/*.L, ,()//, *)&8(), *s /' s(s*?, d* +&d/))(8' ,)&, s&s*'(* /* s* ,s, *'+&)*s&s *)&8()&s s(' /s, +&d/)&s /?()&s s('F()&s )&' * >(' d* &*'* ,(?*'&s /&&s +&d/)&s /* s,(s>,)*' )(*,s *s+*)(>(),)(&'*s d* ),(d,d.

$a %ederacin &nternacional de 'o(imientos de Agricultura Ecolgica )&%OA'*+ es

una organi,acin internacional #ue romue(e la difusin de este tio de agricultura

- reconoce como rinciios fundamentales de la agricultura ecolgica+ los siguientes!

P&d/)( ,(?*'&s d* ,, ),(d,d '/((@, *' s/>()(*'* ),'(d,d. T,,, )&' &s *)&s(s*?,s *' @*= d* ('*', d&?(',&s. 9&?*', * ('*'s(>(), &s )()&s (8()&s d*'& d* s(s*?, ,,(& /* )&?+*'d*'

&s ?()&&,'(s?&s , >&, , >,/', d* s/*& ,s +,',s &s ,'(?,*s. ,'*'* ,/?*', , ,& +,=& , >*((d,d d* &s s/*&s.

E?+*, , ?


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T,,, &d& & /* s* +/*d, d*'& d* /' s(s*?, )*,d& *' & /* *s+*), , ,,*(, O&?,s d* )&',?(',)(8' /* +/*d,' *s/, d* ,s F)'(),s ,)&,s.

,'*'* , d(@*s(d,d *'F(), d* s(s*?, ,,(& d* s/ *'&'& (')/*'d& ,+&*))(8' d* &s *,)(8' d* *'>*?*d,d*s d* &s ,'(?,*s /*,>*),' , &?*.- L, +&s(((d,d /* (*'*' *s&s s(s*?,s d* +&d/))(8' d* +*?(( /* +*/*&s ?*d(,'&s+&d/)&*s ,()/&*s d* =&',s d*s>,@&*)(d,s *',' /', *', d(', +&d/)& d* @,&,*,d& /* d, , +&d/))(8' d* ,(?*'&s d* ),(d,d d* ,, s*/(d,d. T,?(F' &s

s(s*?,s *)&8()&s (*' ?,'*,d&s >&?*',' , d(@*s(>(),)(8' d* &s ('*s&s ,+&*')(,)(8' d* &s *)/s&s d(s+&'(* * *?+*&.


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BIBLIOGRA45A CONSULTADA

GARCA , A. Tem! "e A#$%&'()'$ E&*(+#%&. E". C.A.E. 1-.

JUNTA DE AN DALUCA . P(/ E!)$)#%&* "e ( A#$%&'()'$ E&*(+#%& e/ A/"('&.C*/!ee$ "e A#$%&'()'$ 3 Pe!&. J'/) "e A/"('&. 2002.

Lm45%/, N. 6A#$%&'()'$ E&*(+#%&7. E"%&%*/e! M'/"%8P$e/!. E!49. 1-.

R'%:, ;. ;. 6A#$%&'()'$ B%*8%/)e/!%'/"%* me?%&/*@ '/()e$/)%

manejo de la agricultura sostenible

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