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BA DFET_BSFWÊA LECO]OECLOESO" _EA ADSLXLCAC OJ]WOTAWLAB%

@owawcf O% Gao{a Gokawaef1 

M`owawcfgao{ag 

1GAO[A GOKAWAEF" @owawcf Oweotsf

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¶Ot ba dfetubsfwêa leco}oecloeso uea adslxlcac oj}wotawlab6

]awa caw wot}uotsa a otso lesowwf`aeso" leldlawojft gutdaecf otsagbodow bf quo oe cotawwfbbf

co uea }wfhotlôe" tl`elhlda tow dfetubsfw" }awa bf duab eft a}f|awojft oe bft tl`uloesot

dfedo}sft;

 Co aduowcf dfe ob Letslsuso fh Jaea`ojoes Dfetubsaest _TA*LJD Y7==1Z

ue dfetubsfw ‒ot ue leclxlcuf quo }wfxoo fwloesadlôe | atltsoedla

leco}oecloeso adowda co bft sojat woquowlcft }fw tut dbloesot% Otso

leclxlcuf }uoco tow `oeowabltsa f ue ot}odlabltsa ob duab to a}wf~lja a bft

sojat cotco }uesft co xltsa ot}odêhldft" `oeowabot f aquobbft co lesowìt

 }awa tut dbloesot%‚7 

]fw fswa }awso ob Gutleott Towxldo Doesow * GTD Y1<<0Z co Jaelsfsa" oe

Daeacá" cohleo ab dfetubsfw dfjf ‒uea }owtfea dablhldaca }awa xoecow 

fwloesadlôe }wfhotlfeab ot}odlabl{aca" ue }wfhotlfeab leco}oecloeso

dfeswasacf }awa cotawwfbbaw uea bagfw ot}odêhlda oe ob dfwsf f baw`f }ba{f%

 Ob dfetubsfw ot ue ot}odlabltsa quo }ftoo uea o~}owloedla ûelda oe ue áwoa

ot}odêhlda cob dfefdljloesf" dfe ob hle co;

Xabfwaw tlsuadlfeot" aeabl{aw lehfwjadlôe" }wotoesaw }wf}uotsat }awa ba addlôe

Fhwodow fwloesadlôe leco}oecloeso" bf duab `oeowa ueft nfefwawlft }fw tu

dfedo}sf%‚4 

Co bft aesowlfwot oeuedlacft }fcojft otsagbodow quo ob dfetubsfw .cob basêe dfetubsut quo

tl`elhlda 'atotfwajloesf', ot ue }wfhotlfeab dablhldacf quo }wfxoo fwloesadlôe | atotfwêa a

uea }owtfea easuwab f kuwêclda" oe sojat oe bft duabot duoesa dfe ue cfjlelf `oeowab f

ot}odlabl{acf%

7Dlsacf oe nss};&&ppp%adlt%fw`%df&leco~%}n}6lc:3=>" ATFDLADLFE DFBFJGLAEA CO LE@OELOWFT CO TLTSOJAT

4Lglc%

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Ef ot co joefw lj}fwsaedla ob nodnf quo oe bft cft dfedo}sft }baesoacft aesowlfwjoeso" to

oxlcoedlo quo oto }wfhotlfeab ot}odlabl{acf quo to cotoj}oña dfjf dfetubsfw" sloeo coeswf

co tut }wf}lft fgkoslxft" ob xoecow tu fwloesadlôe }wfhotlfeab" }awa bf duab otsagbodo dfjf

woswlgudlôe ob dfgwf co ueft nfefwawlft%

Coeswf co bft clhowoesot sl}ft co dfetubsfwêa .oehfquot," eft fwloesawojft oe ot}odlab a ba

dfetubsfwêa co `otslôe" ba duab ledbu|o adslxlcacot co êecfbo `oeowab" quo sloeoe dfjf hle" ob

hadlblsaw f jokfwaw ba `otslôe co bat fw`ael{adlfeot% Coeswf co bft okoj}bft ját dfjueot co

bat adslxlcacot quo to cotawwfbbae oe otso sl}f co dfetubsfwêa to sloeoe; ob adfj}añajloesf

oe ob cltoñf | okodudlôe .co}oeco cob abdaedo, co }baeot otswasì`ldft" }baeot co jowdacof"

otsuclft co xlaglblcac f hadslglblcac" }wfdotft co wole`oelowêa f ba lj}bojoesadlôe co

tltsojat co `otslôe" oeswo fswat adslxlcacot%

Co l`uab lj}fwsaedla | oe wobadlôe dfe ba }wo`uesa }baesoaca" ot eodotawlf soeow }wotoeso

quo bft }wfhotlfeabot leco}oecloesot sloeoe fgbl`adlfeot swlgusawlat ot}odêhldat oe wobadlôe

clwodsa dfe ob cotawwfbbf co tu adslxlcac }wfhotlfeab | a ba hfwja co woswlgudlôe

.nfefwawlft," oe ot}odlab bf wobaslxf a ba wosoedlôe oe ba huoeso | a ba codbawadlôe co woesa

duaecf a}blquo% \a" oe bf wobaslxf a bft dfeswasft co towxldlft" otsft `oeowae uea towlo cofgbl`adlfeot quo to oeduoeswae wo`ubacat }fw ba bo`ltbadlôe dlxlb dfbfjglaea%

Sfjaecf dfjf wohowoeso ob awsêdubf 444 co ba Dfetslsudlôe ]fbêslda co Dfbfjgla" quo dlsa;

‒ Ba adslxlcac odfeôjlda | ba leldlaslxa }wlxaca tfe blgwot" coeswf co bft bêjlsot cob gloe

dfjûe…‚3" oe otso fwcoe co lcoat ba dfetubsfwêa dfjf adslxlcac }wfhotlfeab otsawêa

oejawdaca dfjf adslxlcac odfeôjlda quo tuw`o }fw leldlaslxa co bft }wfhotlfeabot quo ba

okowdo" duj}bloecf dfe ue hle tfdlab" quo oe ubsljat wot}abca sfca adslxlcac oj}wotawlab |

tfgwo ba duab to dfetswu|o ob cotawwfbbf cob }aêt%

Tl gloe ba dfetslsudlôe jawda bêjlso a ba blgowsac co oj}wota oe tu huedlôe tfdlab ot

lj}fwsaeso bbo`aw a otsagbodow tl ota blgowsac dfwwot}feco a ue cowodnf huecajoesab"

3Dfetslsudlôe }fbêslda co Dfbfjgla awsldubf 444%

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dfbodslxf f tlj}bojoeso odfeôjldf% Oe otso toeslcf ba dfetubsfwêa ef otsawêa abokaca co bft

cowodnft huecajoesabot oe ba joclca oe quo otsa to nado co jaeowa leco}oecloeso | dfjf

sab" otsá }woxltsa dfjf uea f}fwsuelcac quo bft }wfhotlfeabot oe tu daj}f co hfwjadlôe |

o~}owloedla okowdoe" dfjf jodaeltjf }awa `awaesl{awto tu swagakf | ob cowodnf a uea xlca

cl`ea% Atê jltjf ba dfetubsfwêa duj}bo tu huedlôe tfdlab oe ba joclca oe quo bft towxldlft

quo to fhwodoe otsáe oedajleacft a asoecow }wledl}abjoeso a }oquoñat | joclaeat

oj}wotat dfbfjglaeat" bat duabot dfetslsu|oe ját cob <=/? co bat oj}wotat otsagbodlcat oe

ob sowwlsfwlf eadlfeab" otsat oj}wotat tfe wot}fetagbot cob dwodljloesf | cotawwfbbf co otso

}aêt | tfe bft }wfhotlfeabot quo addocoe a }wf`wajat co }fts `wacf dfjf ot ob datf co ba

jaotswêa oe `otslôe oj}wotawlab" bft bbajacft a a}fwsawbo a otsat uelcacot }wfcudslxat tut

dfefdljloesft | o~}owloedlat xlxlcat oe ob okowdldlf co tu }wfhotlôe" jat aue tl to sloeo oe

duoesa quo judnft co bft clwodslxft f }wf}losawlft co otsat fw`ael{adlfeot ef bf`wawfe

wodlglw hfwjadlôe }wfhotlfeab | oe fdatlfeot to }fcwáe oedfeswaw dfe }owtfeat gátldajoeso

oj}êwldat" quo a gato co othuow{f nae bf`wacf jaesoeowto oe ob jowdacf" `oeowaecf ef

tfbf tu tutsoesf tlef co xawlft f}owawlft |&f huedlfeawlft xledubacft a cldnat

fw`ael{adlfeot%

Atê jltjf oe ob awsêdubf 444 co ba Dfetslsudlôe ]fbêslda co Dfbfjgla" to otsagbodo bat

adslxlcacot to cotawwfbboe cogoe otsaw oejawdacat ‒… coeswf cob gloe dfjûe…‚" bf quo

tl`elhlda quo na| wot}fetaglblcacot | fgbl`adlfeot quo duj}blw" | quo bo dfwwot}fecoe

saesf a bat oj}wota fgtowxawbat dfjf ab Otsacf `awaesl{aw ob duj}bljloesf co bat jltjat"

ot }fw otsf quo ob Otsacf cosowjlea }fw bo| bft datft cfeco to o~l`oe }owjltft" bldoedlat f

ausfwl{adlfeot" co ba jltja jaeowa lj}oclw quo to fgtswu|a ba blgowsac odfeôjlda" dfjf

oxlsaw quo to coe bft agutft co }ftldlôe cfjleaeso%

?  nss};&&ppp%utow`lfawgfboca%ocu%df&dlxlbl{aw&woxltsa<&TLS_ADLFEVEODOTLCACV]OQ_OEAVJOCLAEAVOJ]WOTA%}ch  

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Ojlblf Kftì Awdnlba ]oñabfta8" oe tu awsêdubf slsubacf ‒Oeswo ba ]wfsoddlôe ab Dfetujlcfw |

Ba Blgowsac co Oj}wota‚ dbatlhlda oe swot .4, hfwjat gátldat bat bljlsadlfeot" oe ob Q_LOE"

ob Q_O | ob DFJF;

Wot}odsf ab Q_LOE" o~ltsoe wotswlddlfeot }awa oeswaw oe ob jowdacf" lecldaecf quo

eaclo }uoco okowdow dlowsat adslxlcacot f quo }awa nadowbat cogo duj}blw dfe dlowsft

}awájoswft otsagbodlcft }woxlajoeso%

Ob Q_O" otsá wo`ubacf |a quo }awa cosowjleacat sawoat to o~l`oe ausfwl{adlfeot f to

cosowjleae bat ot}odlhldadlfeot a duj}blw%

Oe duaesf ab DFJF" ob Otsacf ot dbawf oe lecldaw DFJF to cogoe cotawwfbbaw

cosowjleacat adslxlcacot f tugadslxlcacot .sawoat ot}odlhldat,%

Nf| }fw nf| ba adslxlcac co dfetubsfwêa okowdlca }fw bat uelxowtlcacot | doeswft co

lexotsl`adlôe `oeowa dowda cob 7=/0 co bft le`wotft co cldnat letslsudlfeot" tf}fwsaecf ob

dablhldaslxf co adslxlcac oj}wotawlab% Aeso otso daj}f co addlôe | sab dfjf to }uoco boow

oe ob awsêdubf cob duab to nado wohowoedla" oe fdatlfeot to }fcwêa }oetaw quo bat

uelxowtlcacot otsawáe oeswaecf a dfj}oslw ob jowdacf dfe tu }wfhotlfeabot oe ba }wotsadlôeco towxldlft co atotfwêa | dfetubsfwêa" }awa bf duab ab`ueat uelxowtlcacot nae cosowjleacf

quo tu }awsldl}adlôe oe otso daj}f tfbf to nawá" tl ot }wfcudsf co ba leldlaslxa co bft

cfdoesot f }fw lexlsadlôe o~}wota cob cojaecaeso oe wa{ôe a ba o~}owloedla f wot}abcf quo

otsat letslsudlfeot }uocoe soeow oe ob cotawwfbbf co ue dfeswasf; Oe sìwjleft `oeowabot bat

uelxowtlcacot nae `oeowacf ot}adlft }awa quo tut jaotswft }awsldl}oe oe otso sl}f co

adslxlcacot co jaeowa leco}oecloeso }owf jaesoeloecf bft elxobot co dablcac |

wot}fetaglblcac eodotawlft quo ef xa|ae oe coswljoesf co ba lja`oe co ba letslsudlôe | }awa

ob datf co }wf}uotsat quo to oeduoeswoe ableoacat dfe bat bêeoat co lexotsl`adlôe

8 Ojlblf Kftì Awdnlba ]oñabfta" Agf`acf co ba _elxowtlcac O~soweacf co Dfbfjgla" Ot}odlabltsa oe Eo`fdlft

co ba jltja _elxowtlcac" Játsow oe Atotfwêa Kuwêclda co Oj}wotat" Játsow oe Cowodnf dfjowdlab% 

0 nss};&&woxltsale`%uelaecot%ocu%df&}ch&70a11%}ch  

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acobaesacat oe daca uea co obbat to nae co swagakaw dfe ob dfeduwtf co tut }wfhotlfeabot

xledubacft | o`wotacft% Oe otso fwcoe co lcoat ot xlagbo | a}bldagbo ba cohleldlôe co

oj}wota a ba adslxlcac co dfetubsfwêa quo to na }baesoacf oe ob cotawwfbbf co otso swagakf%

Cotco ob }uesf co xltsa odfeôjldf" | dfjf to }uoco lcoeslhldaw oe ba toesoedla S*37? co

1<<7 ‒Ba hadubsac quo sloeo sfca }owtfea co woabl{aw adslxlcacot co dawádsow odfeôjldf"

to`ûe tut }wohowoedlat f naglblcacot" dfe jlwat a dwoaw" jaesoeow f ledwojoesaw ue

 }aswljfelf‚>

oejawdaca ba blgowsac co oj}wota gakf otsft }wodo}sft" ot oxlcoeso quo ob

cotawwfbbf co ba dfetubsfwêa otsá }owhodsajoeso ableoaca dfe otsa cohleldlôe" bf quo tujacf

ab fgkoslxf co `oeowaw ueft le`wotft oe ob okowdldlf co cldna adslxlcac }owjlslwáe jaesoeow

f aujoesaw ob }aswljfelf co quloe bf okowdo%

_ea xo{ woxltacf ob abdaedo quo ba dfetubsfwêa dfjf adslxlcac oj}wotawlab }uoco bf`waw" ot

}owsleoeso aeabl{aw bat f}fwsuelcacot quo ob jowdacf dfbfjglaef fhwodo oe otso daj}f co

addlôe" | quo to oeduoeswae tf}fwsacat oe duaswf .3, huoesot co cojaeca" quo tfe xltsat

cotco ba }owt}odslxa co ba blgowsac co oj}wota | ob oj}woecljloesf" | ju| bl`acft ab

cowodnf huecajoesab ab swagakf;

Oj}wotat quo gutdae woabl{aw ba swaethfwjadlôe cotco ba waê{ dfjf a gloe bf na

bbajacf Kotût Tabdocf" tfdlf bêcow co ba }wádslda co ba dfetubsfwêa oe Cobflsso

Dfbfjgla%

_ea to`ueca f}fwsuelcac }awa ba dfetubsfwêa tfe bat oj}wotat `waecot quo |a nae

tu}owacf ba osa}a co ba wole`oelowêa" oesoecloecf }fw wole`oelowêa ob wocltoñf

}wfhuecf co }wfdotft | otswudsuwa9 otsat tfe aquobbat fw`ael{adlfeot quo cotoae

wodu}owaw ba lexowtlôe woabl{aca oe ba }wljowa osa}a" dwoaecf ue tltsoja co swagakf

quo `awaesldo ba tftsoelglblcac co bft }wfdotft lj}bojoesacft" bft duabot tfe

cotawwfbbacft a swaxìt co ue tltsoja co lehfwjadlôe tfgwo uea }basahfwja

sodefbô`lda wfgutsa | tôblca%

>Dfwso Dfetslsudlfeab" Toesoedla S *37?co 1<<7 J%]% Dlwf Ae`awlsa Gawôe%

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  Ba sowdowa to oeduoeswa oe bat oj}wotat `waecot quo gutdae clhowoedlaw tut

}wfcudsft | bf`waw f}sljl{aw tut otswaso`lat dfjowdlabot | bf`êtsldat9 oe otso `wu}f

co oj}wotat oedfeswajft ob wotuw`ljloesf cob DWJ<" otsa xo{ ef dfjf uea

nowwajloesa co to`uljloesf ab dbloeso tlef dfjf uea jaeowa co }wfhuecl{aw oe ob

jfcobf co `otslôe }fw }wfdotft%

]fw ûbsljf" oedfeswajft uea duawsa .3«, f}fwsuelcac co dfetubsfwêa oe bat hutlfeot |

bat acqultldlfeot" quo dfwwot}feco o~adsajoeso a ba hutlôe co oj}wotat f ba

acqultldlôe co bat jltjat% Oe otso datf" ba swaethfwjadlôe ot sae }wfhueca quo to

woqulowo cob adfj}añajloesf sfsab co ba dfetubsfwêa" otsa dfetubsfwêa |a ef a elxob

`oeowab tlef ot}odlabl{acf%

Sfcf bf aesowlfw }owjlso xow quo auequo ba adslxlcac co dfetubsfwêa ef ot ju| aesl`ua f ef

to oeduoeswa sae cotawwfbbaca dfjf to qultloto" tl o~ltso ue lj}fwsaeso daj}f co addlôe

quo tf}fwsawêa oe guoea joclca ba codltlôe co leduwtlfeaw oe otso daj}f dfe uea

}owt}odslxa lesowotaeso co cotawwfbbf | dwodljloesf oe ob oesfwef oj}wotawlab dfbfjglaef%

_ea xo{ to na huecajoesacf ba dfetubsfwêa dfjf adslxlcac oj}wotawlab" | to nae

lcoeslhldacf f}fwsuelcacot co jowdacf" ot eodotawlf oesfedot leca`aw tfgwo ob otsacf adsuab

co ba dfetubsfwêa dfjf oj}wota oe Dfbfjgla9 }awa otsf ot xáblcf aeabl{aw ob cfdujoesf

cotawwfbbacf }fw ba Hocowadlôe ]aeajowldaea co Dfetubsfwot HO]AD1=" quo to slsuba

‒Tlsuadlôe co ba dfetubsfwêa oe Dfbfjgla‚9 cldnf cfdujoesf oe tu da}êsubf 7 @otslôe

@wojlab" eujowab 7%1 Tlsuadlôe @oeowab" juotswa co jaeowa `oeowab bat tl`uloesot

tlsuadlfeot" quo uea xo{ otsuclacat dfac|uxa a huecajoesaw ba wot}uotsa hwoeso ab

lesowwf`aeso" tl ot ba dfetubsfwêa leco}oecloeso ot uea adslxlcac oj}wotawlab;

<DWJ; Dutsfjow Wobaslfetnl} Jaea`ojoes" Otswaso`la co eo`fdlft doeswaca oe ob dbloeso%

1=HO]AD; Hocowadlôe ]aeajowldaea co bat Atfdladlfeot Eadlfeabot co Oj}wotat Dfetubsfwat co ba Ajìwldat"

dwoaca oe 1<01 dfe ba coefjleadlôe HOBAD" uea Hocowadlôe Baslefajowldaea quo to dfexlwslô oe

]aeajowldaea oe ab añf 1<<4%

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  Leldlabjoeso oe ob codwosf =88 co 7==>" to }wotoesa uea towlo co jfclhldadlfeot

wobadlfeacat dfe ob soja co toboddlôe oe bat bldlsadlfeot }ûgbldat | ju| ot}odlabjoeso

co bft dfetubsfwot dfe ob fgkosf co oxabuaw | otdf`ow ob jokfw }wf}feoeso" cldnat

jfclhldadlfeot dfwwot}fecoe a;

1%  Jfcablcac }wf}la co toboddlôe co dfetubsfwot tle ob obojoesf cob }wodlf%

7%  ]blo`ft co dfecldlfeot dfe cowodnft co }awsldl}adlôe `wasulsft%

4%  ]ugbldadlôe co bft otsuclft quo tutsoesae bldlsadlôe co fgwa%

3%  Ba ef dfeswasadlôe dfe dff}owaslxat%

?%  Lesowjoclawlft sl}f ]E_C11" tfbf tl }feoe ját co ba jlsac co bft woduwtft%

Oe bf quo wot}odsa ab swasajloesf swlgusawlf" ba wosoedlôe oe ba huoeso .aesldl}f cob

lj}uotsf co woesa, }awa bft dfeswasft co dfetubsfwêa dfe oeslcacot fhldlabot" }atf cob

11/ ab 8/%

Bft dftsft co }blo`ft co dfecldlfeot nae tlcf akutsacft%

To nae wadlfeabl{acf ab`ueat o~l`oedlat quo bljlsagae ba }awsldl}adlôe oe bldlsadlfeot

}ûgbldat%

To nae wadlfeabl{acf bat o~l`oedlat oe dowslhldadlfeot co dablcac%

Ba dfetubsfwêa na }atacf a ku`aw ue }a}ob }wfsa`ôeldf oe ba adslxlcac oj}wotawlab saesf

eadlfeab dfjf lesoweadlfeab" }owjlsloecf quo }wfhotlfeabot leco}oecloesot leduwtlfeoe oe

ob jowdacf fhwodloecf tut towxldlft oj}wotawlabot a bft clhowoesot todsfwot co ba odfefjêa"

nadloecf co ba dfetubsfwêa" uea adslxlcac oj}wotawlab quo daca xo{ ját a}fwsa ab cotawwfbbf

odfeôjldf | tfdlab co euotswf }aêt%

11]E_C; ]wf`waja co bat eadlfeot uelcat }awa ob cotawwfbbf%

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GLGLBLF@WAHÊA

Dfetslsudlôe }fbêslda co Dfbfjgla 1<<1% Awsêdubft 444%

Bo| 4= co Cldlojgwo 7> co 1<<7" Da}êsubf LLL" awsldubf <%

Toesoedla S *37?co 1<<7 J%]% Dlwf Oe`awlsa Gawôe" Dfwso Dfetslsudlfeab%

DLGOW@WAHÊA

ATFDLADLFE DFBFJGLAEA CO LE@OELOWFT CO TLTSOJAT

nss};&&ppp%adlt%fw`%df 

nss};&&ppp%adlt%fw`%df&leco~%}n}6lc:3=> " cohleldlôe co dfetubsfwêa%

_ELXOWTLCAC CO BFT AECOT

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_ELXOWTLCAC TOW@LF AWGFBOCA

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