inglés iii - com109

Vicerrectoría Académica Cuaderno de Apuntes – 2014

Cuaderno de Apuntes de uso exclusivo de los estudiantes del Instituto Profesional AIEP. Prohibida su reproducción. Derechos reservados AIEP.

INGLÉS III



Estimado Estudiante de AIEP, en este Cuaderno de Apuntes, junto a cada Aprendizaje Esperado que se te

presenta y que corresponde al Módulo que cursas, encontrarás “Conceptos, Ideas Centrales y

Aplicaciones” que reforzarán el aprendizaje que debes lograr.

Esperamos que estas Ideas Claves entregadas a modo de síntesis te orienten en el desarrollo del saber, del

hacer y del ser.

Mucho Éxito.-

Dirección de Desarrollo Curricular y Evaluación

VICERRECTORÍA ACADÉMICA AIEP



Módulo: INGLÉS III

UNIDAD: Técnicas de lenguaje y desarrollo de vocabulario

1. APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO:

Intercambian información personal en variados contextos profesionales y coloquiales con terceros, haciendo

uso de los esquemas gramaticales adecuados y adaptados al grado de formalidad de la situación particular en

que se encuentra

1.1. Hello and Goodbye

There are different ways to say hello or goodbye, depending on the level of formality. Here you have

some expressions:

FORMAL CONTEXT

Good morning – Good afternoon – Good evening

Good bye – It was nice meeting you – Stay in touch – I hope to see you soon.

E.g.

A: Good morning, Mr. Bennet.

B: Good morning, Mrs. Kent. How are you today?

A: I’m fine, thank you. And you?

B: I’m very well, thank you.

Don’t forget that…

In formal situations, we usually use

TITLES to refer to others.

Mr. Adams – Mrs. Brown –

Miss Lynn



INFORMAL CONTEXT

Hi – Hello – Hey!

Bye – See you – Talk to you later – Catch up with you later – Nice seeing you

E.g.

A: Hey, Ben! How are you doing?

B: Hey, Josh! I’m doing great! And you?

A: I’m great!

ACTIVITIES

Write F (formal) or I (informal) next to each situation exposed:

1. Students greeting their teacher. _____

2. A father greeting his son. _____

3. Two classmates greeting before class. _____

4. A secretary greeting her boss. _____

5. You greeting your boy/girlfriend. _____

6. A man greeting his wife. _____

ANSWER KEY

1. F 4. F 2. I 5. I 3. I 6. I



1.2. Exchanging personal information

When you are interacting with someone for the first time and you want to know about his/her personal

information, there are several questions that can be of help:

I’m sorry, what’s your name? It is Monica Cid.

What’s your last name? It’s Cid.

* What do people call you? * They / People call me Monnie. (Everybody calls me…)

* How do you spell your first name? M – O – N – I – C - A

Where are you from? I’m from Boston.

What is Boston like? It’s an old small city, and very cold in winter.

If you take a look at these questions and answers, all of them (except two, with an asterisk *) are

structured with the verb to be. Just as a reminder, the verb to be in the present has three forms,

according to the subject they’re used with.

HE YOU

I AM SHE IS WE ARE

IT THEY

Structures with to be are very basic:

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I AM from Australia. I’M NOT Steven. AM I at the right office?

He IS my best friend. She’S NOT French. IS your last name Medina?

They ARE my parents. We’RE NOT students. ARE you American?



1.3. Key questions when asking for specific information

The WH- questions mentioned above are the key ones when asking for specific information. These

are the most used ones:

WH- QUESTION USE AND EXAMPLES

WHAT…? Things (concrete or abstract) WHAT is your last name?

WHO…? People (plural or singular) WHO are those people?

WHO’s your English teacher?

WHERE…? Places WHERE are you from?

WHERE is your sister?

WHEN…? General time WHEN is your birthday?

WHEN are your parents leaving?

WHY…? Reason WHY are you so happy?

WHY is he at the office today?

HOW…? Manner HOW are you?

HOW is she going home this week?

WHAT TIME…? Exact time WHAT TIME is the meeting?

WHAT TIME are you coming back?


Open questions with WH- start with the

WH- marker:

WHERE are you from?

WHAT is your name?



ACTIVITIES

Complete these conversations with the corresponding WH- question, according to the responses given.

1. A: ___________ is your best friend?

B: Camila. She’s very nice and loyal.

2. A: ___________ are you from?

B: Canada. I was born in Montreal.

3. A: ___________ is it so cold in here?

B: Because we turned on the air conditioner. Do you want me to turn it off?

4. A: ___________ is our next class?

B: At six. We still have time to drink a cup of coffee.

5. A: ___________ are you taking your vacation?

B: I think in May.

6. A: ___________ do you feel today?

B: Much better, thanks.

ANSWER KEY 1. WHO 4. WHAT TIME 2. WHERE 5. WHEN 3. WHY 6. HOW



1.4. Exchanging others’ personal information

You also have to remember that when asking about other people’s information, you need to use

possessive adjectives. For example:

What’s your best friend’s name? HIS name is Fernando.

What’s Patricia’s last name? HER last name is Morales.

ACTIVITIES

Complete these conversations with the corresponding questions, taking a look at the answers given.

1. A: Good morning. I’m here for the job interview.

B: Good morning. _______________________________________?

A: I’m Brian Gonzalez.

B: _______________________________________?

A: G – O – N – Z – A – L – E – Z.

B: Okay. _______________________________________?

A: No, I’m not. I’m from Puerto Varas.

B: Okay, Mr. Gonzalez. The manager will call you in a minute. You can take a seat.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES:

I MY YOU YOUR HE HIS SHE HER IT ITS WE OUR THEY THEIR



2. A: Hi, Pam. How are you doing?

B: I’m great. And you?

A: I’m really happy. My sister is visiting from Cuba, so I’m spending a lot of time with her.

B: That’s great! _______________________________________?

A: Her name’s Francisca.

B: And _______________________________________?

A: Everybody calls her Fran.

B: _______________________________________?

A: She’s Chilean, but she studies Medicine in Cuba.

B: Hey, we could go out one of these days.

ANSWER KEY 1. What’s your name? How do you spell your last name? Are you from… ? (any city that is not Puerto Varas is correct) 2. What’s her name? what do people call her?

Where is she from?



1.5. Greetings around the world

People greet each other in varied ways in different countries and cultures. There are many factors

that influence greetings, like closeness and levels of formality. Some of the most common greetings

around the world are:

A BOW, in countries like China and Sri Lanka. A NOD, in countries like Hong Kong and

China

A HANDSHAKE, in European and American countries A KISS ON THE CHEEK, in countries like Spain and Chile. When there is no contact between the lips and the other person’s cheek, they call it “air kiss”.

Image 2. Taken from:

http://picturecoloringbook.blogspot.com/2013/05/kitty-coloring-pages-

kitty-coloring.html Retrieved Feb 13th, 2014.

Image 1. Taken from: http://blog.thefoundationstone.org/tag/bowing/

Retrieved Feb 13th, 2014.

Image 3. Taken from: http://digitalmarketingdoctor.com/whats-multi-

level-marketing/ Retrieved Feb 13th, 2014.

Image 4. Taken from: http://www.newlifeinspain.com/2011/11/kiss-

on-cheek.html Retrieved Feb 13th, 2014.

http://picturecoloringbook.blogspot.com/2013/05/kitty-coloring-pages-kitty-coloring.html


http://blog.thefoundationstone.org/tag/bowing/

http://digitalmarketingdoctor.com/whats-multi-level-marketing/


http://www.newlifeinspain.com/2011/11/kiss-on-cheek.html




A HUG, in American countries when there is A PAT ON THE BACK, like in Latin

a close relation between people and they show countries.

affection.

1.6. Limiting information using closed questions

Closed questions are used to limit the answer of the person you’re speaking with. In this case, let’s

see how they work with the verb TO BE.

ARE you Steven Lock? Yes, I AM. / No, I’M NOT. I’m Charles Fowl.

IS Ms Osorio your English teacher? Yes, she IS. / No, she’S NOT. My English teacher

is Mr. Barraza.

Image 5. Taken from: https://blog.tinyprints.com/general-

information/tiny-pleasures-a-hug/ Retrieved Feb 13th, 2014.


http://www.understandingyourimage.com/category/motivation/


https://blog.tinyprints.com/general-information/tiny-pleasures-a-hug/





Answer these closed questions, adding the correct information when necessary.

1. Is your last name Gutiérrez? ___________________________________________.

2. Are you and your family from Viña? ___________________________________________.

3. Is La Serena in the first region? ___________________________________________.

4. Is your best friend Chilean? ___________________________________________.

5. Is your English teacher Brazilian? ___________________________________________.

6. Are your classmates fun? ___________________________________________.

7. Are your classes interesting? ___________________________________________.

8. Is your AIEP campus in Calama? ___________________________________________.

READING COMPREHENSION ACTIVITY No. 1

Business travelers heading to other countries should definitely be aware that not everything is the same -

whether it's the currency, the time zone, or the culture. In this article, we explore some specific tips and

recommendations for avoiding cultural problems while on a business trip or while traveling in other countries.

Show respect: The most important of the global etiquette tips is to show respect for what is important to

another person and his or her culture.

Strike a balance: Find the comfortable middle ground between your culture and that which you're visiting or

working with.

Learn the rules and laws: Don't think that you can simply do things "your way" without any consideration for

important cultural differences.

Know your geography: There is nothing more embarrassing than not knowing the exact location of the

country you are visiting or the locality of its neighboring countries.

Mind your manners: What is polite in one culture may not be considered so in another, so know

your manners for the countries you visit.

Know the appropriate attire: It's important to know what is appropriate to wear for both business and social

occasions when you visit other countries.

http://womeninbusiness.about.com/od/businessetiquette/a/making-eye-contact.htm



Learn the protocol: Since professional protocol varies from culture to culture, you'll want to learn the expected

protocol for the cultures with whom you work.

Know how to address people: The practice of using first names, last names, titles, university degrees, or

religious designations varies from country to country.

Learn a few native words and the correct pronunciations: It's always polite to know a few words in the

other culture’s language.

Clearly enunciate and speak slower: Speak clearly and slightly slower—about 20 percent slower—when

communicating across linguistic borders.

Define acronyms, slang, and jargon: Define, clarify, or eliminate any acronyms, abbreviations, slang, and

jargon that other cultures may not understand.

Be careful with humor: Every culture appreciates humor and a good joke. However, some jokes don't

translate very well between cultures.

Know the appropriate greetings: Greetings are as diverse as the cultures themselves. There are

handshakes, kisses, hugs, and bows—and they come in all shapes and sizes.

Understand formality: Determine in advance whether a culture is inclined to be more casual or formal in their

general communication and business style.

Respect time differences: Various cultures relate to the concept of time differently. Some cultures are very

flexible with time and others are very prompt.

And last, but not least, one more piece of advice for business travelers heading off to a new culture:

Enjoy yourself! Do your homework, then relax and connect at the human culture level. If you enjoy doing

business with or visiting other cultures, they are likely to enjoy the same with you.

Retrieved and adapted from: http://businesstravel.about.com/od/resources/a/Travel-Expert-Interview-Cultural-Gaps-Part2.htm

1. Is it good to speak at a normal speed when you’re talking to someone from a different culture?

Why?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

http://spanish.about.com/cs/forbeginners/a/learning_styles.htm

http://spanish.about.com/cs/forbeginners/a/learning_styles.htm

http://businesstravel.about.com/od/resources/a/Travel-Expert-Interview-Cultural-Gaps-Part2.htm



2. Why is it important to look at a map before traveling to another country?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. How would you greet and welcome a Japanese businessman who is visiting your workplace?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

4. What advice would you give to a Saudi company manager coming for business to Chile?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________



2. APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO:

Intercambian información relacionada con rutinas profesionales y de tiempo libre con terceros, adaptando el

registro y las estructuras léxicas y gramaticales apropiados a la situación comunicativa laboral o coloquial

específica en la que se encuentra

2.1. Jobs

There are an immense number of different and varied jobs and professions.

Complete this table with the vocabulary in the box and other terms you have seen in class or that you

can remember from previous English classes:

Office work Food service Hospitality

services Entertainment

Business Health

FLIGHT ATTENDANT - RADIO ANNOUNCER - MASSAGE THERAPIST - TOUR GUIDE

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGER - COOK - WAITER - MUSICIAN - VET - ACTOR -

ACCOUNTANT - GRAPHIC DESIGNER – PARAMEDIC – SOUS CHEF - HOUSEKEEPER

ANSWER KEY OFFICE WORK : accountant – HR Manager – graphic designer FOOD SERVICE : cook – waiter – sous chef HOSPITALITY : flight attendant – tour guide housekeeper ENTERTAINMENT : radio announcer – actor – musician HEALTH : massage therapist – vet – paramedic



2.2. Jobs responsibilities and workplaces.

To describe a job’s responsibilities, we are going to use the Simple Present Tense.

For example:

A nurse takes care of patients in a hospital.

A salesperson sells different products in a store.

ACTIVITIES

Look at the people in the pictures and write sentences following the example:

A teacher teaches students in a school. A professor teaches students in college.

1.

_________________________________________.


The Simple Present tense is formed by the

Subject + the action or verb + the

complement. If the subject is he / she / it,

the verb takes an “s” at the end.

I work in an office.

Alice works in a studio.

Image 7. Taken from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2313463/Labours-

immigration-spokesman-Chris-Bryant-slams-tourism-industry-It-nice-British-

hotels-British-receptionists.html Retrieved Feb 20th, 2014.

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2313463/Labours-immigration-spokesman-Chris-Bryant-slams-tourism-industry-It-nice-British-hotels-British-receptionists.html





2.

_________________________________________.

3.

_________________________________________.

4.

_________________________________________.

5.

_________________________________________.


http://www.securityguardtrainingihq.com/security-guard-

requirements-by-state/south-region-security-guard-

training/florida-security-guard-training/ Retrieved Feb 20th, 2014.

Image 9. Taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalist

Retrieved Feb 21st, 2014.

Image 10. Taken from: http://possector.com/en/blog/suggestive-

selling-in-restaurants Retrieved Feb 21st, 2014.

Image 11. Taken from: http://www.flightravelgear.com/types-of-

pilot-licenses/ Retrieved Feb 21st, 2014.

http://www.securityguardtrainingihq.com/security-guard-requirements-by-state/south-region-security-guard-training/florida-security-guard-training/



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalist

http://possector.com/en/blog/suggestive-selling-in-restaurants


http://www.flightravelgear.com/types-of-pilot-licenses/




Complete this table with suitable information.

Job / Profession Main activity Workplace

A risk manager

serves passengers

A fashion designer

A publicist

drives a cab

in a hospital.

2.3. Asking about jobs.

When we want to know about a person’s job, there are some Wh- questions that can be useful:

WHAT do you DO? I’m a receptionist.

WHERE do you WORK? I work in a hotel.

WHAT do you DO, exactly? Well, I help guests with their check-in and check-out.

WHAT does Martín DO? He´s a mechanic.

WHERE does he WORK? He works in a garage.

HOW does he LIKE his job? He loves it!

POSSIBLE ANSWER KEY 1. A Risk Manager regulates and controls risks and accidents that could arise in a company. 2. A flight attendant serves passengers on a plane. 3. A fashion designer designs clothes for a boutique. 4. A publicist designs publicity for commercial companies. 5. A taxi driver drives a cab in the streets of a city. 6. A doctor gives treatment to patients in a hospital.



ACTIVITIES

Complete these conversations with the correct questions.

1. A: Hi, Sarah! How are you doing?

B: Hi, Ben! I’m great, just a little tired, I just finished work.

A: Really? _________________________________?

B: I’m a ballet dancer.

A: Wow! I didn’t know that!! It sounds amazing! And _______________________________?

B: I work at the City Theater, right across this restaurant.

A: And _________________________________? I mean, I know you dance ballet.

B: Yes, I dance ballet for a company. We present our work in different cities, so we travel a

lot. We rehearse our presentations every day, and then we travel through the country.

2. A: Sorry I couldn’t call you earlier, I was helping my brother with some work.

B: Why? _________________________________?

A: He’s a computer programmer, so sometimes I help him with little things.

B: And _________________________________?

A: He works in Cencosud, in the IT Department.

B: It has to be very difficult then. _________________________________?

A: No, he doesn’t like it at all. He says he never has time for lunch or to talk to anybody! He’s

actually looking for another job.

ANSWER KEY 1. a. What do you do? b. Where do you work? c. What do you do, exactly? 2. a. What does he do? b. Where does he work? c. How does he like it?



2.4. Describing daily routines.

When we describe our or someone else’s daily routine, time expressions can help us indicate time,

day, duration or other time periods in which we do different activities.

The most common and used time expressions are:

AT when we want to specify the TIME at which we do something.

E.g. I get up AT seven o’clock.

Sam has lunch AT two PM every day.

We also use AT when we refer to the night.

I never study AT NIGHT.

ON when we want to specify the DAY on which we do something.

E.g. I get up AT seven o’clock ON Saturdays.

Evelyn takes yoga lessons ON Tuesdays and Thursdays.

We also use ON when we refer to “groups of days”, like WEEKENDS or

WEEKDAYS.

My parents and I have lunch together ON weekends, but never ON

weekdays.

IN when we want to specify the MOMENT OF THE DAY in which we do something.

E.g. I go to school IN the morning.

Beth rides her bike IN the evenings.



AROUND when we are not sure of the time at which we –or other people- do

something.

E.g. Sebastian takes the bus AROUND five o’clock IN the afternoon ON

weekdays. (Maybe he takes it at four forty-five or five twenty sometimes)

EARLY / LATE when we are not specific about the time at which we do something, we just

give general information.

E.g. I usually go to the gym EARLY ON weekends, AROUND eight o’clock.

My friends get up LATE on Saturdays, call them later.

BEFORE / AFTER when we want to refer to events in a sequence with others.

E.g. I watch the news BEFORE going to bed (First, I watch the news. When I

finish, I go to bed). = sequence!

Tom takes a shower AFTER breakfast. (First, he has breakfast. When he

finishes, he takes a shower.) = sequence!

UNTIL when we want to specify when an activity finishes.

E.g. I work UNTIL 6:30PM ON weekdays, but ON Saturdays I work UNTIL 5PM.



ACTIVITIES

Read Theresa’s description of her daily routine, and complete with the correct TIME EXPRESSION.

Now, write about YOUR daily routine. You can include the weekend if you have fixed activities to do!

Ask your teacher for feedback.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

I usually get up ________ 6:30 ________ the morning

________ weekdays. I take a shower, and ________ the shower

I get dressed and prepare my breakfast. Then I feed my cat, I do the

dishes and I get ready to go to work. I take the subway ________

7:45AM (it depends on the day!), and I’m on the train ________

8 o’clock. It’s not very comfortable, but It’s really fast ________

________ the morning! I get to the office ________ 8:15PM. I

usually check my email and solve the most urgent issues ________

10AM. ________ that, I can dedicate time to the most important

things. I have lunch with some friends from work, _______ 1PM.

It’s just one hour for lunch! ________ lunch, I work ________

6:30PM.

I’m taking yoga lessons now, they start ________ 7PM. They’re

very relaxing and perfect ________ a stressful day at work and

_______ a wonderful restful sleep.

Image 12. Taken from: http://www.lisaharrispantryblog.com/2014/02/1

2/what-kind-of-yoga-is-best-for-you/ Retrieved Feb 23rd, 2014.

ANSWER KEY AT – IN – ON – AFTER – AROUND- UNTIL – EARLY – IN – AT / AROUND – UNTIL – AFTER - AT / AROUND – AFTER – UNTIL – AT – AFTER - BEFORE






Before reading, look up some vocabulary. You can use a dictionary, an online dictionary (we suggest

www.wordreference.com) or an electronic translator:

1. accomplished : __________________________ / adj.

2. goal : __________________________ / noun

3. realize : __________________________ / verb

4. schedule : __________________________ / noun

5. willpower : __________________________ / noun

6. though : __________________________ / conj.

7. struggle : __________________________ / verb

8. carefree : __________________________ / adj.

9. enhance : __________________________ / verb

Now, read and answer the questions below.

Routines seem to run the world. Whether it is catching the subway or making it to work on time, we all have

specific routines. Many people feel that a routine can help them to get more accomplished; ultimately making

them happier. Not all people like routines or are able to work within a strict routine. There are a few things that

help this type of people accomplish their goals.

Rethink the Word "Routine"

Everyone has some type of routine, whether they realize it or not. Most people think of a routine as a stuffy schedule that requires a lot of willpower to stick to it. However, routines are a part of daily life. Most people

prefer to eat the same thing for breakfast, they brush their teeth before bed and watch T.V. at the same time during the day. A routine doesn't have to be difficult to keep, it just has to be something that you do at a specified time each day or week.

Start Small

People who hate routines or have a difficult time instituting a routine sometimes try to start a routine that is rigid. They think that such a routine will help them to get a lot accomplished during the day. In reality though,

these types of routines rarely work. Instead of trying to change your entire daily routine, start with something small. If you have a difficult time getting to work on time, simply set your alarm clock 15 minutes earlier. You don't need to get up a 5:00 a.m., just a few minutes earlier. Starting with a small routine will make it easier to stick to it.

Prioritize

If you have trouble setting a routine, maybe you also struggle with your time management. Those who hate routines usually like to live a carefree lifestyle. However, they often struggle getting everything done. Prioritize

your time by making a list of the things that you need to accomplish during the day. Number the items on the list by one, two, three and so on. Work on the first item on the list and then the second. As you work your way down the list, you will accomplish the most important things without instituting a rigid routine.

http://www.wordreference.com/



Stay True to Yourself

Not every person is able to make and keep a rigid routine. Some individuals work best when they run on a very strict schedule. Other individuals work better when on a more flexible schedule. Whatever your work style, it is important to stay true to yourself. Instead of trying to change your style into something that it is not, find ways to enhance your style.

Retrieved and adapted from: http://www.ehow.com/info_8318430_solutions-people-hate-routines.html

1. How can you do your work punctually using priorities?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2. Is routine only related to the activities we do at work?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. Do you struggle with routines? Why?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

4. What advice would you give to someone who’s just starting a new job and has problems sticking to

routines?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

http://www.ehow.com/info_8318430_solutions-people-hate-routines.html



3. APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO: Interactúan con terceros en situaciones comunicativas generadas en

el contexto de una transacción comercial, haciendo uso de los componentes lingüísticos y discursivos

apropiados.

3.1. Talking about numbers

Numbers are an important component in the commercial area. Whether they refer to the amount of

products you require or to give prices, you need to know them well to avoid confusion or mistakes.

Let’s remember numbers in tens, and then what happens from ninety-nine up:

20 twenty 90 ninety

23 twenty-three 100 a hundred

30 thirty 157 a hundred (and) fifty-seven

40 forty 480 four hundred and eighty

50 fifty 1,000 one thousand

60 sixty 1,150 one thousand, one hundred and fifty

70 seventy 8,307 eight thousand, three hundred and seven

80 eighty 510,800 five hundred ten thousand, and eight

hundred



ACTIVITIES

Write these numbers with words:

a) 3,500 ___________________________________________________

b) 18,000 ___________________________________________________

c) 230,700 ___________________________________________________

d) 911,040 ___________________________________________________

e) 1,500,000 ___________________________________________________

3.2. Stores and their products

There are a number of different stores we visit every day, to buy the necessary things for our daily

lives. Here you have the most common ones and the products we can buy there:

Supermarket Nowadays, a supermarket has almost anything we may need. The most

important products there are fruit, vegetables and groceries (like milk, bread, rice, cereal,

etc.), but we can also find the most varied products like cleaning and personal hygiene

products, office products, cat and dog food, prepared food to take home and even televisions

and all kinds of media players.

ANSWER KEY a) Three thousand, five hundred. b) Eighteen thousand c) Two hundred and thirty thousand, seven hundred d) Nine hundred and eleven thousand, forty. e) One million five hundred thousand


http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/se

p/30/peoples-panel-supermarket-wars Retrieved

Feb 23rd, 2014.

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/sep/30/peoples-panel-supermarket-wars




Grocery Store We can say that grocery stores are the predecessors of supermarkets. In

grocery stores you can buy fruit, vegetables and groceries.

Department Store In these stores you can find mainly clothes, perfumes, home

furniture, and electrical appliance. Sometimes they also offer books, CDs and DVDs, and

objects for home decoration. Department stores are usually located in shopping centers and

malls, or downtown where most people can visit them.

Shoe Store As the word says, in these stores you can buy shoes. Sometimes they also

offer accessories like belts, bags, jewelry and clothing –especially socks and scarves.


http://thehotandhealthy.com/2012/03/22/grocery-

store-rule-of-thumb/ Retrieved Feb 23rd, 2014.


http://www.kaedejun.com/2012/05/busan-

adventures/ Retrieved Feb 23rd, 2014.


http://retaildesignblog.net/2012/06/17/shoe-stores-

eve-milano-shoe-store-by-onekee-s-r-l-rivarolo-

canavese-italy/ Retrieved Feb 23rd, 2014.

http://thehotandhealthy.com/2012/03/22/grocery-store-rule-of-thumb/


http://www.kaedejun.com/2012/05/busan-adventures/


http://retaildesignblog.net/2012/06/17/shoe-stores-eve-milano-shoe-store-by-onekee-s-r-l-rivarolo-canavese-italy/





Stationery Store In these stores you can buy anything you need for your office work or for

your home desk. Notebooks, envelops, staplers, push-pins, markers, color pencils, and

more. In Chile, famous stationery stores are Lapiz López and Librería Nacional.

Hardware Stores In these stores you can find household hardware for home improvement,

like fasteners, hand tools, power tools, keys, locks, hinges, chains, plumbing and electrical

supplies, cleaning products, lawn and garden products, etc. The most famous hardware

store chain in the world is The Home Depot, and in Chile good examples are Easy and

Sodimac.


http://gardenroutedirectory.com/garden-route-

directory/george-directory-garden-route-

directory/diskonto/ Retrieved Feb 23rd, 2014.


http://activerain.com/blogsview/3474977/wilton-

hardware-store-coming-to-wilton-ct-06897-

Retrieved Feb 23rd, 2014.

http://gardenroutedirectory.com/garden-route-directory/george-directory-garden-route-directory/diskonto/



http://activerain.com/blogsview/3474977/wilton-hardware-store-coming-to-wilton-ct-06897-




Drugstore In these stores you can find mainly medicines, but nowadays you can also buy

miscellaneous items there like candy, cosmetics, cleaning supplies, magazines and

refreshments. In some of them you can also find baby food and all kind of supplies for baby

care, and dietary supplements.

ACTIVITIES

Describe the following stores, looking for information in the web when necessary.

a) A clothing store : ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

b) A music store : ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

c) A bakery : ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

d) A candy shop : ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

e) A butcher’s : ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________


http://www.caraipm.com.au/display.asp?entityid=44

20 Retrieved Feb 23rd, 2014.

POSSIBLE ANSWER KEY a) It’s a place where you can buy clothes of different kind. b) It’s a place where you can buy CDs and DVDs. Sometimes they also offer books and magazines. c) In a bakery you can find bread and other baked products like cakes, muffins, and biscuits. d) It’s a place where you can buy candy of any kind, chocolate and other sweet food like jam. e) In a batcher’s, you can buy fresh meat like beef and chicken.





3.3. Shopping

When we are shopping and we want to know the price of a product, we have to make the difference

between products that are grammatically singular, and those that are grammatically plural.

In the case of singular nouns, we ask for prices as in this example:

A: Good morning, sir. HOW MUCH IS the magazine?

B: IT’S five dollars.

In the case of plural nouns, the question changes to:

A: Excuse me, HOW MUCH ARE the jeans over there?

B: THEY’RE sixty dollars and twenty-five cents.

3.4. Closeness

When we are shopping and we want to specify a product we are seeing in the shop windows, inside a

cabinet or behind the counter, we can use demonstratives.

If the product is close to you, you can use THIS for singular and THESE for plural. For example:

Laura : I love THIS scarf! What do you think?

Sandra : It’s beautiful, and you look great in orange!

(Laura is referring to one piece of clothing

and it’s close to her, she’s actually touching it)

Image 20 Taken from:

http://www.ehow.com/slideshow_12217566_resolve

-buy-smarter-secrets-spotting-highquality-

clothing.html#slide=5 Retrieved Feb 23rd, 2014.

http://www.ehow.com/slideshow_12217566_resolve-buy-smarter-secrets-spotting-highquality-clothing.html#slide=5






http://www.tampahi.com/local-attractions/shopping

Retrieved Feb 23rd, 2014.

Martha : How much are THESE dresses?

Salesperson : They’re 20 dollars each.

(Martha is asking about two pieces of clothing

and they’re close to her, she’s actually holding both dresses)

If the product or article is far from you, you can use THAT for singular and THOSE for plural. For

example:

Brenda : Look at THAT jacket! It’s great!

Samantha : Yes, it is. How much is it?

(Brenda is referring to one jacket only that is behind the

shop window, it’s not close to her as in previous examples)

Bianca : Wow! THOSE earrings are amazing!

Sean : Shall I buy them for you, as an anniversary

present? They’ll look pretty on you.

(Bianca and Sean are referring to earrings behind the

shop window, they’re not close to them as in previous examples)


http://www.ehow.com/slideshow_12217566_resolve

-buy-smarter-secrets-spotting-highquality-

clothing.html#slide=1 Retrieved Feb 23rd, 2014.


http://www.visualphotos.com/image/2x3882502/you

ng_women_shopping_together_and_woman_pointi

ng Retrieved Feb 23rd, 2014.





http://www.visualphotos.com/image/2x3882502/young_women_shopping_together_and_woman_pointing





3.5. Avoiding unnecessary repetition

Sometimes it’s unnecessary to repeat the subject when you and your interlocutor know what you are

talking about. For example, you can ask about the price of a sweater, but you don’t need to repeat

“sweater” every time you refer to it:

A: Good morning, sir. How much is that sweater over ther?

B: Which sweater? The red sweater?

A: No, the black sweater.

B: Oh, the black sweater is $28. Do you want to try the black sweater on?

A: Mmm, no, thanks. I think the black sweater is too expensive so I’m not taking the

sweater.

To avoid this annoying repetition of the word “sweater”, we can use PRONOUNS. Sometimes we

can replace “sweater” by the personal pronoun IT. (Do you want to try IT on? / I think IT’s too

expensive, so I’m not taking IT).

In other cases, we can replace the word “sweater” by the pronoun ONE (The red ONE? / No, the

black ONE.) We use ONE because we are talking about a singular noun.

E.g. A: I’d like to see that blue scarf, please.

B: Which ONE (blue scarf)? The silk ONE (blue scarf)?

A: Yes, that ONE (blue scarf). Thanks.

If we’re talking about a plural noun, instead of ONE we use ONES.

E.g. A: Excuse me, how much are those sunglasses?

B: Which ONES? The black ONES?

A: No, the brown ONES over there.



ACTIVITIES

Complete these short conversations with: THIS / THAT / THESE / THOSE and ONE / ONES,

accordingly.

1. A: Excuse me, madam. How much is _______ tank?

B: Which _______?

A: The beige _______.

B: It’s eleven twenty-five.

2. A: Look! _______ earrings are perfect for Alice.

B: Which _______? The blue _______?

A: No, the red _______.

B: I don’t know. How about _______ necklace?

A: The silver _______, with the moon? Yeah,

I think you’re right. Alice will be happy!

Rewrite these sentences, using the word ONE or ONES to avoid repetition:

1. I prefer the black jeans, because the blue jeans are too typical. I think I’m going to buy the

black jeans. How much are the black jeans?

__________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________


http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-

2011675/Almost-half-women-HATE-shopping-

clothes.html Retrieved Feb 23rd, 2014.


http://www.examiner.com/article/5-reasons-why-

window-shopping-can-be-better. Retrieved Feb

23rd, 2014.

ANSWER KEY 1. THIS – ONE – ONE 2. THOSE – ONES – ONES – ONES – THAT - ONE

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2011675/Almost-half-women-HATE-shopping-clothes.html



http://www.examiner.com/article/5-reasons-why-window-shopping-can-be-better




2. Which necklace do you think is more beautiful, the gold necklace or the silver necklace? The

gold necklace is way too expensive, but it’s very elegant. And the silver necklace is cheap,

but I don’t like it very much. Should I choose the gold or the silver necklace?

__________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3. Sue is at the mall, buying a new bag. I hope she buys the big bag we saw yesterday,

because it’s bigger and more beautiful than the small bag. Besides, the big bag is cheap, the

small bag is far too expensive.

__________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3.6. Describing products

When you want to specify which product or article you are talking about, you can give different

characteristics that can identify it from the rest. Saying which material it is made of can be a good

alternative. Of course, colors and textures are also good features, especially when the options are

varied and numerous.

ANSWER KEY 1. I prefer the black jeans, because the blue ONES are too typical. I think I’m going to buy the black ONES. How much are the black ONES? 2. Which necklace to you think is more beautiful, the gold ONE or the silver ONE? The gold ONE is way too expensive, but it’s very elegant. And the silver ONE is cheap, but I don’t like it very much. Should I choose the gold or the silver ONE? 3. Sue is at the mall, buying a new bag. I hope she buys the big ONE we saw yesterday, because it’s bigger and more beautiful than the small ONE. Besides, the big ONE is cheap, the small ONE is too expensive for me.



Materials.

This is a leather belt. This is a wool jacket. This is a gold ring.

These are silver earrings. This is a plastic bracelet. These are rubber boots.

This is a silk scarf. This is a denim bag. These are polyester pants.

Image 26. Taken from: http://linoperros.tradeindia.com/leath

er-belts-261984.html . Retrieved Feb

24th, 2014.


http://www.highsnobiety.com/2012/11/2

1/undercover-lightweight-knitted-wool-

jacket/ Retrieved Feb 24th, 2014.


http://buygoldusa.com/what-we-

buy/gold/ Retrieved Feb 24th, 2014.

Image 29. Taken from: http://france-

fashion212.blogspot.com/2010_09_0

1_archive.html. Retrieved Feb 24th,

2014.

Image 30. Taken from: http://www.polyvore.com/topshop_jewell

ery_bracelets_coloured_plastic/thing?id

=31811 Retrieved Feb 24th, 2014.

Image 31. Taken from: http://colleensharen.wordpress.com/201

2/03/29/red-rubber-boots-getting-

unstuck/ Retrieved Feb 24th, 2014.

Image 32. Taken from: http://www.orvana.co.uk/scarves/frida

-hand-tie-dye-silk-scarf/ Retrieved

Feb 24th, 2014.

Image 33. Taken from: https://articles.lovingyou.com/romanc

e/beauty-style/3-hot-ways-to-wear-

denim-this-spring/ Retrieved Feb

24th, 2014.

Image 34. Taken from: http://www.blauer.com/4-pkt-

polyester-trousers-womens-8650w-

outlet.html Retrieved Feb 24th, 2014.

http://linoperros.tradeindia.com/leather-belts-261984.html


http://www.highsnobiety.com/2012/11/21/undercover-lightweight-knitted-wool-jacket/



http://buygoldusa.com/what-we-buy/gold/


http://france-fashion212.blogspot.com/2010_09_01_archive.html



http://www.polyvore.com/topshop_jewellery_bracelets_coloured_plastic/thing?id=31811



http://colleensharen.wordpress.com/2012/03/29/red-rubber-boots-getting-unstuck/



http://www.orvana.co.uk/scarves/frida-hand-tie-dye-silk-scarf/


https://articles.lovingyou.com/romance/beauty-style/3-hot-ways-to-wear-denim-this-spring/



http://www.blauer.com/4-pkt-polyester-trousers-womens-8650w-outlet.html





Patterns.

This is a checked skirt. This is a flowery dress. These are patterned leggings.

This is a plain shirt. This is a spotted sneaker. This is a striped sweater.

3.7. Specifying a product’s description

When describing an article or product, there is a specific order you have to follow with adjectives.

You don’t need to use them all –actually it’s strange to use more than three adjectives to describe

something-, but it’s important to respect the order when specifying information:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Opinion Size Shape / Texture Age Colour Nationality Material

Retrieved and adapted from: http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/adjectives/order-adjectives

Image 35. Taken from: http://www.polyvore.com/burberry_bri

t_new_classic_checked/thing?id=643

81071 . Retrieved Feb 24th, 2014.


http://www.fashion-

conscience.com/clothing/dresses/flo-

fair-trade-full-skirt-dress.html Retrieved

Feb 24th, 2014.


http://www.16sixty.com/shop/lang-

es/polainas/766-barca-floral-

leggings.html Retrieved Feb 24th, 2014.

Image 38. Taken from: http://www.julesb.co.uk/menswear-

1/casoe-plain-shirt-672721.htm .


Image 39. Taken from: http://www.shefinds.com/2012/the-

latest-converse-x-marimekko-

collection-includes-original-1960s-

prints/ . Retrieved Feb 24th, 2014.


http://www.mrporter.com/product/300

505 Retrieved Feb 24th, 2014.

http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/adjectives/order-adjectives

http://www.polyvore.com/burberry_brit_new_classic_checked/thing?id=64381071



http://www.julesb.co.uk/menswear-1/casoe-plain-shirt-672721.htm


http://www.shefinds.com/2012/the-latest-converse-x-marimekko-collection-includes-original-1960s-prints/








These are some examples:

I love my round new yellow leather bag! (3) (4) (5) (7)

How much are those nice small Chinese dolls? (1) (2) (6)

ACTIVITIES

Complete these conversations giving three characteristics for each item. Then, write the prices with

words.

1.

A: Excuse me, ma’am. How much is that __________ ___________

_____________ blouse over there?

B: It’s on sale, it’s only _____________________.

2.

A: Good evening. How much is this ____________ ____________

_____________ bag here?

B: It’s _____________________.

$15

$83,75.

Image 41. Taken from: http://www.polyvore.com/tally_weijl_checkere

d_blouse/thing?id=34294310 Retrieved Feb

25th, 2014.

Image 42. Taken from: http://www.pursepage.com/tag/messenger/pa

ge/2/ Retrieved Feb 25th, 2014.

http://www.polyvore.com/tally_weijl_checkered_blouse/thing?id=34294310


http://www.pursepage.com/tag/messenger/page/2/




3.

A: Excuse me, sir. How much is the __________ ___________

_____________ cap?

B: It’s _____________________.


As you read, underline the words you don’t know and then look them up. Then, read the text again

and answer the questions below.

Shopping practices have changed a great deal from the old days of the barter system. In the past, if people needed an item, they would often simply exchange something they already had for the thing they wanted. Nowadays our society has become very consumer-oriented and the opportunities for shopping are endless. Department stores are large stores that carry a very wide range of goods such as clothing, furniture, household items, cosmetics, toys, etc. These stores usually consist of several floors and often occupy a large downtown city block or a large amount of space in a suburban shopping mall. They are often part of a chain of stores that are located throughout the country. Grocery stores are primarily food stores, but they also carry many non-food items such as cleaning and bath supplies, paper goods, small kitchen utensils, and small hardware items, etc. Grocery stores are primarily located in residential areas. Convenience stores such as 7-Eleven sell common food items, newspapers, magazines, candy, etc. These kinds of stores are usually open seven days a week and often twenty-four hours a day. Their prices are usually higher than traditional grocery stores and they have much less variety of goods, but they are very popular because of their convenient locations and hours of operation.

$4,99.

Image 43. Taken from: http://www.amazon.com/Engineer-Train-

Striped-Cotton-Childrens/dp/B004JJI0VE


POSSIBLE ANSWER KEY 1. small checked beige / fifteen 2. square brown leather / eighty-three, seventy-five 3. small striped blue & white / four dollars, ninety-nine cents.

http://www.amazon.com/Engineer-Train-Striped-Cotton-Childrens/dp/B004JJI0VE




Drugstores in the U.S. sell many items besides medicine. You will usually find cosmetics, health and beauty supplies, paper goods, books, magazines, soft drinks and candy. Big box stores or wholesale clubs are becoming increasingly popular nowadays. These large discount stores resemble warehouses. They carry a huge amount of merchandise including groceries, household items, electronic equipment, etc. Most of the food items are sold in large quantities. You often have to buy a yearly membership to shop in these kinds of stores. Catalogue shopping, Internet Shopping and shopping channels on television are becoming very popular nowadays. However, many consumers are still reluctant to purchase goods in this manner. Some people prefer to buy certain products such as clothing in person so they can try it on to see that it fits. Other shoppers are afraid to give their credit card numbers over the Internet, so still prefer to shop in traditional stores. Books, CD’s and tickets to concerts or airline tickets are very popular purchases on the Internet. Boutiques are small stores that usually specialize in particular goods such as clothing or giftware and they often carry more unusual and more expensive products. Second-hand stores or consignment stores and garage sales sell used items and are very popular for those shoppers who are interested in finding good bargains. Wherever you shop, always be sure to ask about the store’s return policy. Most large department stores allow customers to exchange or return items for a full refund if the product is unsatisfactory or if you simply change your mind about the purchase, as long as you have not used or worn the item. Some small stores allow exchanges only, but not refunds. Others may give credit notes for the returned item. They will give you a piece of paper that will allow you to make another purchase in their store for the same amount as the returned item. Most small stores do not allow returns or exchanges on sale items. Credit cards and easy financing have made it possible for shoppers to buy many items even if they do not have the money available. Many retailers advertise, “Buy now, Pay later” or “No down payment and no payments for 12 months”. Unfortunately, the ability to get easy financing often causes people to spend much more than they can really afford. Before you make your next purchase, think about the following advice: “You can always sleep better on an old bed that is paid for than on a new one that isn’t”.

Retrieved and adapted from: http://esllibrary.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/8/2178024/shopping.pdf

1. What are the newest and most popular forms of shopping nowadays?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2. What’s the message or advice in the final phrase: “You can always sleep better on an old bed that

is paid for than on a new one that isn’t”?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

http://esllibrary.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/7/8/2178024/shopping.pdf



3. Do you ever shop online? Why?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

4. What do you think about credit cards? Do you think they’re useful?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________



4. APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO: Argumentan sus opciones y preferencias en situaciones comunicativas

orales y escritas situadas en variados contextos laborales y académicos, haciendo uso de esquemas

gramaticales y léxicos según las necesidades sociolingüísticas correspondientes.

4.1. Adjectives to describe articles or products

We already saw adjectives that can help us identify an article or product among others in commercial

contexts. They were related to material, texture and color. However, there are many other adjectives

that can help us describe an object when we’re shopping:

Stylish / fashionable / trendy – very popular right now.

Classic – traditional, always stylish.

Cheap – that costs little money.

Expensive – that costs a lot of money.

Reasonable – that is moderate in price

Casual – informal wear.

Formal / Informal

Large / Medium / Small

New / Old

Comfortable / uncomfortable

Practical – functional, useful.

Light / Heavy

Baggy / tight

Nice

Warm



4.2. Making comparisons

When you want to compare two different products or articles, you have to use the comparative form

of adjectives. The structure is as follows:

SHORT ADJECTIVES

To compare two elements using a short adjective, you just have to add –ER at the end of the word

and separate both elements with THAN.

E.g. John is tall. John is taller THAN Michael.

These boots are cheap. These boots are cheaper THAN those.

Special cases are the adjectives good, bad and far, whose comparative forms don’t follow this

rule:

GOOD BETTER

BAD WORSE

FAR FARTHER

ADJECTIVES ENDING IN “Y”

Adjectives that have two syllables ending with “y” change the “y” to “i” and add –“er”.

E.g. English is easy. English is easier THAN Chinese.

That green dress is pretty. That green dress is prettier THAN the red one.

LONG ADJECTIVES

To compare two elements using a long adjective, you just have to put the word MORE before the

adjective, and separate both elements with THAN.

E.g. My boss is demanding. My boss is more demanding THAN yours.

Those pants are expensive. Those pants are more expensive THAN the blue ones.



Take a look at these conversations:

1. Mei and Paola are in the ladies’ dress department.

Mei : How do you think I look in this dress?

Paola : I think it looks great, but you should buy the silver dress. It makes you look younger.

Mei : Younger is good. OK! I’ll get it.

2. Now they’re looking at jackets.

Mei : What do you think of this jacket?

Paola : It’s nice, but I like the gray one. It makes you look more professional.

Mei : Then, this jacket is perfect for work. I’ll buy it!

ACTIVITIES

Complete each short conversation with the comparative form of the appropriate adjectives in the box.

1. A: Look at this red scarf! It’s so beautiful!

B: Yeah, but think this orange one is _______________.

A: Mmm… you’re right. I can’t afford the red one.

2. A: Do you think I should buy these jeans? They are perfect!

B: I think so, they are definitely _______________ the blue ones, which is great because it’s

getting very cold these days.

A: You’re right… and I love them!

EXPENSIVE – COMFORTABLE – STYLISH – SMALL – FORMAL – LARGE – WARM - FRESH



3. A: Do you like this shirt? It’s for my dad.

B: Well, you have to admit that you’re dad isn’t very thin, so I would buy a _______________

shirt, maybe an L size?

A: OK, I’ll do that. He can change it anyways.

4. A: Which tie would you buy, Beth? I need it for work, you know. I can’t decide between this

red tie or that gray one.

B: In my opinion, gray looks much ________________, it will inspire more respect and

elegance. But you have to look for something that makes you feel well, too.

A: Yeah, I’ll get the gray one. Red is too showy!

4.3. Making decisions

When you want express your preference for an article or product, you can use comparatives.

For example:

A: Which hat do you prefer, the blue one or the black one?

B: I prefer the black one. It looks warmer.

A: Which coat do you like more, the flowery coat or the denim one?

B: I like the flowery coat more. It’s trendier.

A: Which curtains do you like better, the striped black and white ones or the plain red ones?

B: I like the plain red curtains better. They’re more stylish.

ACTIVITIES

ANSWER KEY 1. cheaper 2. warmer 3. larger 4. more formal



Which one(s) do you like better? Write about your preferences according to the pictures with

complete sentences and comparatives.

1.

Converse Sneakers Basketball Sneakers

___________________________________________________________________

2.

A wool scarf A silk scarf

___________________________________________________________________

Image 44. Taken from: http://www.vanityfair.com/style/carls-crush/top-ten-

sneakers-of-all-time-201112 Retrieved Feb 25th, 2014.

Image 45. Taken from: http://www.vanityfair.com/style/carls-

crush/top-ten-sneakers-of-all-time-

201112_slideshow_item2_3 Retrieved Feb

26th, 2014.

Image 47. Taken from: http://doonfashionista.wordpress.com/category/gen

tlemen-fashion/ Retrieved Feb 26th, 2014.

Image 46. Taken from: http://linksonjack.com/grey-wool-

scarf/#.Uw3fneN5N-o Retrieved Feb 26th, 2014.

http://www.vanityfair.com/style/carls-crush/top-ten-sneakers-of-all-time-201112_slideshow_item2_3



http://doonfashionista.wordpress.com/category/gentlemen-fashion/


http://linksonjack.com/grey-wool-scarf/#.Uw3fneN5N-o




3.

A nylon jacket A leather jacket

___________________________________________________________________

Read each pair of alternatives and decide which option you like better. Then, write sentences giving

your opinion, using comparatives and the appropriate adjectives.

E.g. I like Google Chrome better, because it’s friendlier.

1. a T-shirt / a shirt ___________________________________________________________

2. a coat / a nylon anorak __________________________________________________________

3. a hat / a cap ___________________________________________________________

4. jeans / sports pants ___________________________________________________________

5. shoes / sneakers ___________________________________________________________

6. a laptop / a tablet ___________________________________________________________

Image 49. Taken from: http://www.auspexwears.com/


Image 48. Taken from: http://www.rustyzipper.com/mens/jackets/ball/


http://www.auspexwears.com/

http://www.rustyzipper.com/mens/jackets/ball/




As you read, underline the main ideas of each paragraph. Then, think of a sub-title for each of them.

E-shopping or online shopping simply means shopping via the Internet. An example is the

integrated online shopping-cart system that allows the user to order directly over the Web. Then,

there is the online shopping-cart system that allows the user to generate an order form to be sent to

the merchant via fax or snail-nail.

Today, many people are taking advantage of this convenient way of shopping. However, together

with this luxury of convenience, new concerns on information security have emerged, with online

frauds or cyber crimes being one of the biggest threats.

To make e-shopping safer, here are some tips: First, choose e-shopping sites that are well-known

or provide trusted services like Amazon.com as these sites "put their name on the line". When in

doubt, always check out the merchant website. Contact someone there who can verify the

company's privacy policy for you before you make a purchase. Ask if they will send you a

catalogue. If they do not list phone numbers and only have an e-mail address, you have to be

careful.

Before typing in your credit card information, look for the "plural URL." That is, when you go to the

site's checkout page, the "http" in the URL should change to "https." A closed padlock or key should

also appear on the page, letting you know your personal information will be encrypted or scrambled.

if you don't see either of these "locked" icons or a change in the URL, log out and shop elsewhere.

Even if you see a proof of encryption, such as the plural URL, you should not equate that with the

site's trustworthiness. To verify the site's trustworthiness, call the company to ask about its privacy

policy.

You have found a trustworthy site with a secure checkout page. Now you are ready to pay. With

what do you pay? Cheque, money order, debit card or credit card? Experts say credit cards are the

safest method for online purchases as most credit cards have protection on them. Even if someone

rips you off, you can dispute the charge. Secondly, by using a credit card, it is not just your money

on the line but also the creditor's. If you have a problem with your transaction, the credit card



company will help you resolve it. If you are at the checkout page and the site asks for your date of

birth and identity card number, be very careful as people can manipulate this combination to start

applying for new credit cards in your name. If anything seems suspicious, call up the company.

Also, be wary of sending out credit card information via e-mail or instant messaging as neither is

encrypted.

According to the latest survey, books are one of the things bought most online. This is followed by

accessories. Cosmetics and groceries are increasingly being purchased online. Today, most of the

travelers are buying tickets online because it is a quick and easy way to make a purchase.

Is online shopping safer than shopping offline? It is difficult to say. When shopping online, caution is

the word.

Retrieved and adapted from: http://www.englishdaily626.com/comprehension.php?178

1. What are the biggest threats for online shoppers?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2. What are some tips for those who shop online?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why do you think books are the articles that people buy the most online?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

http://www.englishdaily626.com/comprehension.php?178



5. APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO: Interactúan con otros en contextos comunicativos centrados en

la descripción de gustos y preferencias personales en el área del entretenimiento y tiempo

libre, aplicando el uso de las estructuras sociolingüísticas apropiadas.

5.1. Talking about entertainment

Entertainment is an area about which we all have different opinions and preferences. When talking

about entertainment, we are referring to the TV programs we watch –or not watch-, the music we

listen to –or not listen to-, the movies we see –or not see-, and some other elements like actors,

musicians, bands, etc.

Classify the vocabulary in the box into the different categories, according to what you have seen in

class and to your previous knowledge. Then, add more examples.

TV Programs Movies Music

WESTERN – SOAP OPERA – CHILLOUT - TALK SHOW - COUNTRY - HORROR - SITCOM -

DRAMA - NEW AGE - POP - DOCUREALITY - ADVENTURE - COMEDY - CARTOONS - INDIE

ANSWER KEY TV PROGRAMS: soap opera / talk show / sitcom / docureality / cartoons MOVIES: western / horror / drama / adventure / comedy MUSIC: chillout / country / new age / pop / indie



5.2. Avoiding repetition

Just as we saw in previous exercises, we can avoid the repetition of nouns replacing them by

PRONOUNS. This time, let’s see the use of Object Pronouns when we describe our likes and

dislikes:

Do you like rap? Yes, I like rap a lot. Yes, I like IT a lot (your interlocutor knows you’re talking about rap).

Does Erika like cartoons? No, she doesn’t like cartoons at all.

No, she doesn’t like THEM at all. (again, your interlocutor will

understand you’re talking about cartoons)

Personal Pronouns Object Pronouns Example

I ME My girlfriend invited ME to Metallica’s concert.

YOU YOU I saw YOU on TV!

HE HIM Rod Steward? No, I don’t like HIM very much.

SHE HER I always listen to Rihanna, I like HER a lot.

IT IT Do you like classical music? I love IT!

WE US Fanny is inviting US to the theater, let’s go!

THEY THEM I love horror films, I see THEM online.



ACTIVITIES

Answer these questions according to your likes and dislikes and the information you know. Use

OBJECT PRONOUNS when necessary.

E.g. Do you like the news? No, I don’t like them. They’re too sad and tragic!

1. Do you like sports programs? _____________________________________________.

2. What does Slash play? _____________________________________________.

3. Do your friends like rock? _____________________________________________.

4. Do you dance salsa? _____________________________________________.

5. What do you think of reality shows? _____________________________________________.

6. Who’s your favorite actor? _____________________________________________.

7. Do you like Norah Jones? _____________________________________________.

8. What’s your favorite kind of TV program? ______________________________________.

Complete this interview with the appropriate questions.

A: Hi, Carl. We’re really happy you’re here today. So tell me,

________________________________________?

B: Well, my favorite actress is Jennifer Lawrence. She’s awesome and really beautiful!

A: Yeah, she’s very popular today. And _________________________________________?

B: I think Leonardo DiCaprio. I like him a lot, his movies are all very good. It’s a pity he didn’t get the

Oscar this year!



A: Let’s talk about music. _______________________________________?

B: No, I don’t like pop very much. I prefer rock.

A: Really? That’s surprising!

B: I know. But actually my favorite band is ACDC.

A: Wow! ACDC is such a classic band! And ___________________________________________?

B: Well, my favorite is Tom Morello. He plays it so well! I admire him a lot.

5.3. Describing likes and dislikes

When we describe our likes and dislikes –about anything, not only entertainment- we have to use the

Simple Present Tense. So let’s look at some examples:

Do you like classical music? Yes, I DO. I like it a lot.

Does Jennifer play the guitar? No, she DOESN’T. But she plays the drums.

ANSWER KEY 1. Who’s your favorite actress? 2. Who’s your favorite actor? 3. Do you like pop? 4. Who’s your favorite guitar player?




As you read, underline the words you don’t know and then look them up. Then, read the text again

and answer the questions below.

At the premiere of "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" last month, a clutch of impassioned animal

activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren't there to throw red paint on fur-coat-

wearing celebrities. Instead, one demonstrator — dressed in a full-body monkey suit — had arrived

with a sign complimenting the filmmakers: "Thanks for not using real apes!"

The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture technology to create digitalized primates,

spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later

layers it with computer graphics to create a final image — in this case, one of a realistic-looking

ape.

Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule — in fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately:

The nonprofit American Humane Assn., which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed

entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year, 100 more than in 2010.

Already, a number of high-profile 2011 films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part

II" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the ire of activists who say the creatures featured in them haven't

been treated properly.

In some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set that has activists worried; it's

the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about

U.S. films made overseas, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed

stateside.

(c) AFP 08/14/2011

1. Did a group of activists complain at the premier of “Rise of the Planet of the Apes”?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________



2. Are activists against the use of real animals in movies?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. What do you think about the use of animals in movies? Why?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

4. Is the use of animals positive for the growth and development of humans?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________



6. APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO: Realizan y responden a invitaciones en variados contextos

comunicativos formales e informales, orales y escritos, haciendo uso de los esquemas gramaticales

y lingüísticos pertinentes a la situación particular que enfrentan.

6.1. Ideas for a date

When we want to get to know someone better, we usually invite him / her on a DATE. Dates are a

good opportunity to show this person who you really are, and to get to know someone in a better

way.

Some typical dating activities are:

Going to the movies Having dinner in a restaurant

Going to the park Going to the theater

Going to the beach Going for a drink

Dancing Going to the stadium

What did you do on your first date?

Where did you go?

What’s your favorite place to go on a date?

What’s your “ideal” date like?



6.2. Invitations

When you want to make or reply to an invitation, you can use the auxiliary verb WOULD. You can

also use Simple Present tense, but WOULD will surely give your interlocutor a more formal and nice

impression of your message.

E.g. WOULD you like to go to the movies with me?

WOULD you like to see a play at the theater tomorrow night?

Of course, you can accept an invitation:

Sure! I’D love to go.

Yes, I’D really like to go with you.

Or, you can refuse an invitation. In this case, it is a good idea to present an excuse. Your answer will

sound friendlier and your interlocutor won’t feel uncomfortable. Human relations are important!

I’D like TO, but I need to work late tomorrow.

I’D love TO, but I have to study for my exams this week.

I’D like TO, but I want to meet some friends this week.

6.3. Two verbs together

It is very common that when you make invitations or answer to invitations, two verbs get together in

the structure. If so, you need to separate them with the preposition TO.

Eg. Would you like TO have dinner with me tomorrow?

Yes, I’d love TO (have dinner with you tomorrow). Thanks!

I’d like TO (have dinner with you tomorrow), but I need TO work after class.

´D = WOULD



6.4. Giving excuses

What are the excuses you use more often? Here you have some examples:

I have to study for a test.

I need to go to the doctor.

I want to stay in bed, I feel sick.

But these verbs have some slight differences in meaning:

HAVE denotes obligation.

Sorry, but I HAVE to work.

NEED denotes necessity.

I’d love to, but I NEED to study for a test. It’s a difficult subject.

WANT denotes a decision you make. It refers to an activity that you do as a choice, even

having more options.

I’d like to, but I WANT to watch my favorite soap opera today.



ACTIVITIES

Look at Samantha’s schedule for this week. Then, complete the conversation between her and her

boyfriend, Pete. When are they going to meet?

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Morning: - Zumba classes. Afternoon: - Classes. Evening: -Work late.

Morning: - FREE! Afternoon: - Classes. Evening: - Family dinner, mom’s birthday.

Morning: - Zumba classes. Afternoon: - Classes. Evening: -Work late.

Morning: - Study with Beth. Afternoon: - Classes. Evening: -Study for the English exam.

Morning: - Zumba classes. Afternoon: - Classes. English Exam! Evening:

- Go to bed early. Tired after the exam.

Pete : So, Sam… Would you like to go to the movies on Wednesday night? I saw a movie poster today, it

looked really fun!

Sam : Oh, I’m sorry, Pete. _________________________________________________________.

Pete : And what about Friday morning? We could go to the movies on Friday morning, before your English

exam!

Sam : ___________________________________________________________.

Pete : Oh, well… That’s a pity! Emm… And would you like to have dinner with me on Tuesday evening?

There’s a wonderful Japanese restaurant near my apartment.

Sam : ___________________________________________________________.

Pete : Wow! You’re very busy this week! Is there any possibility to meet?

Sam : Oh, sure! How about Tuesday morning?

Pete : OK. Would you like to go to the park on Tuesday morning?

Sam : ____________________________________________________! Thanks!

ANSWER KEY 1. I’d like to, but I have to work late. 2. I’d love to, but I have my Zumba class. 3. I’d like to, but I have a family dinner. 4. Sure, I’d love to!




Look at the definition of these words. Are you familiarized with them? If you still do not understand

them very well, use your dictionary.

Mr. Right - (slang) The man who would make the perfect husband.

Consumer group - (noun) Organization that works to protect consumers. To make sure people are treated fairly by businesses. In Chile, the Servicio Nacional del Consumidor has an equivalent function.

Revolutionizing - (Verb) Changing something in a short period of time. The noun is 'revolution'.

Britons - (collective noun) People who live in Great Britain.

Component - (noun) A small part of a large thing.

Systematic - (adjective) Using a fixed and organized plan.

Imperative - (adjective) Extremely important.

Courtship - (noun) The time when people have a romantic relationship with the intention of getting married.

It is considered a “not-very-romantic” way of meeting Mr Right. But

research has showed that finding love over the internet is a good way of

meeting a marriage partner. It found that one in five of those who have

used dating sites to find their perfect partner have finally married

someone they met over the web.

The study, by consumer group “Which?”, also revealed that more than

half of the 1,504 people questioned had been on a date with someone

they met in cyberspace. Sixty-two per cent agreed that it was easier to

meet someone on a dating site than in other ways, such as in a pub or club, or through friends. At

the same time, the under-35s were more likely to know someone who had been on a date or had a

long-term relationship with someone they met through online dating.

Jess Ross, editor of which.co.uk, said: 'Online dating is revolutionizing the way people meet each

other. Switching the computer on could be the first step to success.'

According to industry surveys, more than 22 million people visited dating websites in 2007, and

more than two million Britons are signed up to singles sites.



Of the 147 couples who took part in the study, 61 per cent said their relationships had high levels of

these three components. The researchers also found that men were more likely to find true love on

the internet than women.

Dr Jeff Gavin, who led the team, said: 'To date, there is no systematic study of love in the context-

of relationships formed via online dating sites. 'But with the popularity of online dating, it

is imperative we understand the factors that influence satisfaction in relationships formed in this

way.'

Charlotte Harper, of Match.com, said: 'We were thrilled to find so many of our first members have

found love. 'It supports our belief that the internet does in fact encourage old-fashioned courtship.’

Retrieved and adapted from http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/reading-comprehension-online-dating

1. How many people in the research think that it’s easier to find love in a web site than in other

ways, like meeting new people at clubs or pubs?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the meaning of the phrase: “Switching the computer on could be the first step to

success”?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why do you think it’s easier for men than for women to find love through the Internet?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

4. Do you think it is a good idea to look for love in a dating site? Have you ever tried to meet people

using the Internet?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/reading-comprehension-online-dating



7. APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO: Interactúan en variadas instancias comunicativas donde describen y

consultan por situaciones que están ocurriendo en ese momento y que son temporales, utilizando

componentes discursivos y gramaticales contextualizados.

8.

7.1. Family relationships

ACTIVITIES

According to the family tree above, complete the following sentences with the correct vocabulary:

1. Elsie is Alf’s _____________________________.

2. Maggie is Alf’s _____________________________.

3. Jessica is James’ _____________________________.

4. Dave is Jessica’s _____________________________.

5. Karen is Elsie’s _____________________________.

6. Maggie is Dave’s _____________________________.

Image 50. Taken from: http://englishwilleasy.com/english-through-

pictures/people-english-through-pictures/family-tree/ Retrieved March 4th, 2014.

http://englishwilleasy.com/english-through-pictures/people-english-through-pictures/family-tree/




7. Luke is James’ _____________________________.

8. Elsie and Alf are Damon’s _____________________________.

Complete this puzzle with vocabulary related to family relationships.

Taken and adapted from: http://www.tinkerbellchime.com/files/faimily_puzzle_beginning_low.pdf

ANSWER KEY

1. HUSBAND 5. GRANDAUGHTER 2. DAUGHTER 6. WIFE 3. SISTER 7. COUSIN 4. UNCLE 8. GRANDPARENTS

http://www.tinkerbellchime.com/files/faimily_puzzle_beginning_low.pdf



7.2. Ongoing activities

When we describe activities that are happening in this moment, we use the Present Continuous

Tense. The period can be very short and momentary (I’m studying English right now, please call me

later), or in a longer period of time in the present (I’m studying English at AIEP this semester).

Let’s remember the structure of Present Continuous in its affirmative, negative and interrogative

forms.


I’m applying for a job in Iquique. I’m not going to class this month,

I’m on vacation. Am I doing things well?

She is looking for a new job right

now.

He’s not exercising this semester,

he’s too busy.

Is your dad staying home today?

Or he’s still sick?

My parents are moving to a new

house these days.

We’re not taking any lessons right

now, we don’t have time.

Are you studying a lot for your

exams?


The Present Continuous is formed by the Subject +

Verb to be + the action or verb ending in -ing.

I’m working at the airport now.

Abraham is taking piano lessons this year.



ACTIVITIES

Answer these questions about you and your family with complete answers and Present Continuous

structures.

1. Are you exercising this semester?

______________________________________________________________.

2. Is anyone in your family taking any dancing lessons? Who?

______________________________________________________________.

3. Are you living with your parents?

______________________________________________________________.

4. Are your cousins studying at school?

______________________________________________________________.

5. Are your brothers or sisters working this semester?

______________________________________________________________.



Write an email to an old friend, describing him what your relatives are doing (or not doing) this year.

Use Present Continuous.

E.g. My mom is working at a hospital, she’s a nurse. My sister is taking yoga lessons. My cousins

are now living in Australia. My grandma is a little sick these days, she’s going to the doctor and

taking medicines…



7.3. Describing different kinds of present situations

There are different kinds of “presents”, and we have to differentiate which situations correspond to

one of them, and which situations correspond to the other.

Temporary situations

When we describe activities that last a short and specific period of time, we use the Present

Continuous.

The only way in which we can identify and describe these situations is through Time Expressions.

I’m working in a restaurant this semester. (You can understand that it’s a specific and

short period of time)

Alice is not going to the gym this week.

Everyday situations

When we describe activities that we do every day (like routines and habits), we use the Simple

Present Tense. It is also applicable to facts.

Again, we can identify and describe these situations is through Time Expressions and Adverbs of

Frequency:

I work in a restaurant every summer. (You can understand that not only this summer, but

every year. It’s a routine.)

My parents never go to the movies.



ACTIVITIES

Read this text and complete the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses, according

to the kind of present the writer is referring to.

Hi, I’m Malcolm.

I’m a Risk Management student but I also __________________ (work) in a bar on weekends as a

bar tender. I usually __________________ (study) on weekdays, but this month I

__________________ (study) on weekends too because this is a difficult period at the institute. I

always __________________ (go) to the gym and __________________ (go) running to the park,

but I __________________ (not do) any exercises now because there’s no time.

My family is very special. My mom __________________ (stay) at home this year, because she

just had a baby and she decided to take care of her, my little baby sister. My little sister

__________________ (learn) how to speak now, she’s really cute. I also __________________

(have) an older brother, he __________________ (live) in Miami. Sometimes he

__________________ (visit) us, but he __________________ (save) money now, he won’t travel

to Chile this year.

How’s your family doing? Hugs,

Monica

ANSWER KEY

1. WORK 7. IS STAYING 2. STUDY 8. IS LEARNING 3. AM STUDYING 9. HAVE 4. GO 10. LIVES 5. GO 11. VISITS 6. AM NOT DOING 12. IS SAVING




Read the text carefully and underline the words you don’t know. Then, look them up in your

dictionary.

1. Nowadays, the traditional family structure no longer exists in this modern world. It's not surprising

the modern family structure has replaced it instead. My family, for example, has made a great leap

from traditional to modern in which I can feel the existence of freedom.

2. It seems like a characteristic of traditional families that men are dominant. When I was born, my

grandfather urged my mother to give me up, for I was only a girl. He suggested my mother throw

me down to the sea or give me to my aunt and uncle who didn't have any children. Under the

pressure of my grandparents and relatives, my mother finally gave me to my aunt. But she brought

me back a few hours later because of her regret in doing so.

3. In my childhood, all my family members and relatives lived in a big old building in Hong Kong.

They had the same kind of job--the sculpture of ivory, and they worked together in that big building.

In my family, my grandpa had the power of making all significant decisions, such as stopping my

father, who was an excellent and outstanding student, from going to high school, and forcing him to

work as a skilled worker in ivory sculpture.

4. There was no exception to my mother. She had to obey absolutely to the men with no argument.

From what my mother said, I don't think she was the daughter-in-law of my grandparents.

Maidservant is the better word to describe my mother in that building. She had to do all the

housework by herself without any help from anyone or machines, and had to take care of the

children and the elder parents in the meantime.

5. Children also had to obey what the older people said, especially my father, such as going to bed

by nine o'clock exactly, going home right after school, and no walking alone or with other children in

the streets. We, my brother, sisters and I, had to do what my father said with no reasons at all.

6. The ripple of change began when the old building was broken down. Every individual family

moved to a different place. I think the reason for not living together was my grandpa had died, and

another building was very expensive. My mother began to work outside to support the family (the

rent on the small apartment and other expenses). We had to share the housework when my mother

was out. However, my father was still stubborn and strict to us as long as we lived there.

7. The change really came when we came to the United States two years ago. My father began to

be concerned about us, and tried to communicate with us. To a large extent, we have the right to

make individual choices and have a certain freedom, like coming home at night which we were

never permitted to do before. Perhaps my parents are getting old or maybe we have grown up.

8. Undoubtedly, to a large extent, the modern family is better than the traditional one. At least there

is a great improvement in the relationship between us, where everybody plays an important role in

the family.



Retrieved and adapted from: http://web.njcu.edu/dept/esl/content/traditional_vs_modern.asp

1. What event made the author’s family change from a traditional to a modern family?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2. What kind of family does the author prefer? Why?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. What was the author grandfather’s role and importance in her family?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

4. What kind of family do you think is better, a traditional or a modern one? Why?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

http://web.njcu.edu/dept/esl/content/traditional_vs_modern.asp



9. APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO: Intercambian información estadística con terceros en situaciones

comunicativas de tipo oral y escrita, haciendo uso de datos numéricos como base, y aplicando

estructuras lingüísticas adaptadas a las exigencias del contexto.

8.1. Talking about facts

Facts are things that have really occurred or are actually the case. In the case of Chile, for example,

it’s a fact that it is organized in regions and that they go all along the country, from north to south. It’s

also a fact that Chile is in South America.

In this unit we will describe other kinds of facts: facts related to families, marriages, and other aspects

in a community or country.

For example, this is a research done in the U.S. It shows how more and more women have become

the head of families with children under 18 years old. It is a fact that it has grown a lot since the 50s,

and that by the year 2000, almost 25% of families were headed by women.

Retrieved from: http://cafehayek.com/2013/11/inequality-in-two-graphs.html

http://cafehayek.com/2013/11/inequality-in-two-graphs.html



What facts can you think of, regarding families in Chile? E.g.

Less people get married every year.

_______________________________________________________.

_______________________________________________________.

_______________________________________________________.

8.2. Talking about quantities

Facts can be a little more specific with the use of quantifiers. These words can replace approximate

percentages.

(Approximate) equivalent number Quantifier Example

100% ALL All children like candy.

90% NEARLY ALL Nearly all teenagers live with their parents.

80% MOST Most women in Chile have a job.

70% MANY Many men in Chile like soccer.

50% A LOT OF A lot of people in Chile go to the beach in summer.

40% SOME Some Chilean people travel abroad in summer.

30% NOT MANY Not many Chilean people listen to jazz.

10 – 20% A FEW / FEW Few Chilean workers speak English.

0% NO ONE No one in Chile votes before being 18.



ACTIVITIES

What do you think? Answer these questions according to what you reckon on each case. Use

QUANTIFIERS:

1. How many Chilean women take Zumba lessons?

_________________________________________________________

2. How many Chilean children like 31 Minutos?

_________________________________________________________

3. How many Chilean women with children work?

_________________________________________________________

4. How many Chilean couples between 25 and 35 live together without getting married?

_________________________________________________________

5. How many Chilean families have lunch together on weekdays?

_________________________________________________________

6. How many Chilean families have more than one television at home?

_________________________________________________________



Write an email to a friend of yours who lives in Saudi Arabia. Tell him/her about Chilean families,

using quantifiers. You can include facts related to:

Amount of children in typical families

Age of marriage

Marriage

Routines

Weekend activities and schedules



Look at the graph and write complete sentences about the results shown, using quantifiers. Do you

think in Chile our graph would be like this one or different? Why?

Retrieved from: http://www.prweb.com/releases/restaurant/casualdining/prweb4336094.htm

1. ____________________________________________________________________.

2. ____________________________________________________________________.

3. ____________________________________________________________________.

4. ____________________________________________________________________.

POSSIBLE ANSWER KEY

1. A lot of people go to a restaurant for dinner. 2. Some people go to a restaurant for a snack. 3. Not many people go to a restaurant for breakfast. 4. A few people go to a restaurant for lunch.

http://www.prweb.com/releases/restaurant/casualdining/prweb4336094.htm




Read the text carefully and underline the words you don’t know. Then, look them up in your

dictionary.

Japan is a country with a fascinating culture and history so I thought I would share some of the

interesting facts I’ve learned about it:

Japan has the world’s third largest economy behind the US and

China.

There are 127 million people living in the country.

Zen Buddhism is the most common form of Buddhism in Japan.

Japan’s literacy rate is almost 100%.

There is almost no immigration in Japan. The population is 98% ethnic Japanese.

Sumo is Japan’s national sport.

Baseball is also hugely popular in Japan due to the strong American presence after World

War II.

Japanese people live an average of 4 years longer than Americans.

Japan still hunts whales under the premise of “research” though the meat does end up in

supermarkets.

Many Japanese companies have morning exercise sessions for their workers.

A very popular food in Japan is raw horse meat.

Japan has the second-lowest homicide rate in the world. The homicide rate is .50 per

100,000 people.

Animated Japanese films and television shows (i.e. Anime) account for 60% of the world’s

animation.

There are close to 130 voice-acting schools for Anime voices.

23% of the Japanese population is over the age of 65.



Tokyo city has 13 million people in it.

The only foreign language taught and mandated in Japanese schools is English.

Contrary to popular belief, true Kobe beef is only found in Japan due to tight controls and

restrictions.

Japan is nicknamed the “Land of the Rising Sun”.

Tokyo is the 2nd most expensive city to live in the

world.

The fortune cookie dates back to Kyoto, Japan during

the 19th century.

There are more than 1,600 temples in Kyoto.

Retrieved and adapted from: http://www.nomadicmatt.com/travel-blogs/61-interesting-facts-about-japan/

1. How many people in Japan know can read and write?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2. How many people in Japan commit suicide?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. Is Zen Buddhism the only form of Buddhism in Japan?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why do you think Japanese people live longer than American people?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

http://www.nomadicmatt.com/travel-guides/japan-travel-tips/tokyo/

http://www.nomadicmatt.com/travel-guides/japan-travel-tips/tokyo/

http://www.nomadicmatt.com/travel-blogs/the-beautiful-temples-and-gardens-of-kyoto/

http://www.nomadicmatt.com/travel-blogs/61-interesting-facts-about-japan/



10. APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO: Interactúan con otros en forma oral y escrita en contextos

comunicativos enfocados en actividades y deportes practicados en tiempo libre, aplicando distintos

esquemas gramaticales y sociolingüísticos contextualizados en la situación laboral o coloquial en que

se encuentran.

9.1. Talking about sports

Not all sports are expressed in the same way in English. Some of them are described with PLAY,

others with DO and others with GO:

PLAY This verb refers to sports that are usually played in teams, and that

are practiced with a ball.

DO These are sports that include a series of exercises that are repeated

over and over again. It is also used with fighting sports.

GO These sports convey an activity in which people have to move

forward and get to a goal. You can practice these sports alone.



Classify these sports according to the corresponding verb. Then, add more examples.

PLAY GO DO

Answer these questions according with complete answers:

1. How many Chilean women go to the gym?

_______________________________________________________________.

2. How many Chilean men play soccer once or twice a week?

_________________________________________________________.

3. How many Chilean children do archery at school?

_________________________________________________________.

SOCCER – YOGA – SKIING – ZUMBA FITNESS – VOLLEYBALL –

SKATEBOARDING – JOGGING – WEIGHT TRAINING – TABLE TENNIS –

KARATE – HOCKEY – SURFING – GOLF – BIKE RIDING - FENCING

ANSWER KEY

PLAY : soccer – volleyball – table tennis – hockey – golf GO : skiing – skateboarding – jogging – surfing – bike riding DO : yoga – zumba fitness – weight training – karate - fencing



9.2. Describing activities frequency

When we want to describe the frequency with which we do something –sports, hobbies, chores, fun

activities-, we can use adverbs or expressions of frequency:

Adverbs of Frequency They are words that describe frequency in a general way. They are

always placed between the subject and the verb. Sometimes, however, can also go at the

beginning of a sentence.

Retrieved and adapted from: http://www.grammar.cl/Basic/Adverbs_Frequency.htm

I NEVER ride my bike, I think I’m going to sell it.

Helen USUALLY goes to the gym in the morning.

SOMETIMES we play table tennis at home.

The question for Adverbs of Frequency is usually DO YOU EVER…?

Do you ever do aerobics at the gym?

No, I never do. / Yes, I often do.

Does Phill ever play soccer on Saturday mornings?

No, he hardly ever does. / Yes, he always does.

http://www.grammar.cl/Basic/Adverbs_Frequency.htm



Expressions of Frequency They are words that describe frequency in a more specific

way. They are usually placed at the end of the sentence.

EVERY (day, morning, weekend, class, Saturday, etc.)

ONCE day

TWICE a week

THREE, four, seven TIMES month, etc.

I go running THREE TIMES A WEEK.

Alice does gymnastics EVERY DAY.

My parents go fishing TWICE A YEAR.

The question for Expressions of Frequency is usually HOW OFTEN DO YOU…?

How often do you go swimming?

I go twice a week.

How often does Liam play hockey?

He plays every Monday.



ACTIVITIES

Look at the pictures and write sentences indicating HOW OFTEN you practice every activity. Write

complete sentences:

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

1. ____________________________________________________________.

2. ____________________________________________________________.

3. ____________________________________________________________.

4. ____________________________________________________________.

5. ____________________________________________________________.

6. ____________________________________________________________.

Image 51. Taken from: http://www.groupon.ie/vouchers/tickets/cul

ture/karaoke Retrieved March 10th,

2014.

Image 52. Taken from: http://suturi.com/?p=10272

Retrieved March 10th, 2014.

Image 53. Taken from: http://crossfirehomeimprovement.com/home-improvement-tips/home-ec-7-tips-to-make-your-mattress-last-

longer Retrieved March 10th, 2014.

Image 54. Taken from: http://cobaltpm.com/5-things-the-movies-taught-me-about-project-

management/ Retrieved March 10th, 2014.

Image 55. Taken from: http://www.daviddanielsphotography.com/t

he-bay-dance-club-in-salt-lake-city/ Retrieved March 10th, 2014.

Image 56. Taken from: https://www.womens-health.com/why-i-

became-a-spinning-addict/#.Ux4ntT95Mms Retrieved March

10th, 2014.

http://www.groupon.ie/vouchers/tickets/culture/karaoke

http://www.groupon.ie/vouchers/tickets/culture/karaoke

http://suturi.com/?p=10272

http://crossfirehomeimprovement.com/home-improvement-tips/home-ec-7-tips-to-make-your-mattress-last-longer




http://cobaltpm.com/5-things-the-movies-taught-me-about-project-management/



http://www.daviddanielsphotography.com/the-bay-dance-club-in-salt-lake-city/


https://www.womens-health.com/why-i-became-a-spinning-addict/#.Ux4ntT95Mms





Write about your favorite activities, indicating the frequency with which you practice them.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

9.3. Asking and answering about sports and other activities

When we talk about sports, frequency is not the only information we can require or give. There are

other aspects that we can mention, like the time we spend doing it or how well we are at it.

A: HOW OFTEN do you play tennis, Ben?

B: About three times a week.

A: Wow! That’s a lot! And HOW LONG do you spend playing?

B: About two hours.

A: Really? HOW WELL do you play?

B: Pretty well, I practice a lot you know.

A: And HOW GOOD do your friends play?

B: Not as good as me, but they can manage.



HOW LONG…? refers to the period of time you spend doing an activity.

How long do you ride your bike on weekends?

For about an hour.

HOW OFTEN…? refers to the frequency with which you do an activity.

How often does Lorena do Pilates?

Twice or three times a week, I can’t remember.

HOW WELL…? refers to the accuracy with which you do an activity. It has to do with your

ability.

How well do you dance salsa?

Pretty well, I guess. I can dance different styles.

About average.

Not very well, that’s why I want to take lessons this winter.

HOW GOOD…? refers to you as the “doer” of an activity. Are you good or bad at it?

How good are you at chess?

Pretty good, I always win when I play with my dad.

OK. I mean, sometimes I win, but sometimes I lose.

Not so good. I can’t get it yet!

ACTIVITIES

Answer these questions with your own information, using the expressions above.

1. How often do you practice sports?

___________________________________________________.

2. How well do you speak English?

___________________________________________________.



3. How good are you at video games?

___________________________________________________.

4. How often do you go to the stadium?

___________________________________________________.

5. How long do you spend at home on weekdays?

___________________________________________________.

6. How well do you drive?

___________________________________________________.

7. How long do you spend in class every day?

___________________________________________________.

8. How good are you at math?

___________________________________________________.

Complete this conversation with the correct “HOW” question.

A: Hey, Mark! How is it going! Are you going to the gym?

B: Hi, Theresa! Yeah, I’m going to the gym.

A: _________________________________?

B: Well, now that I’m in class I go just three or four times a week.

A: And _________________________________?

B: I work out for about two hours. Sometimes longer, it depends on what I have to do later.

A: Wow! _________________________________? Some friends need more players for their

team, maybe you’d like to participate!



B: Soccer? Terrible! I’m really bad at soccer, that’s why I prefer the gym!

9.4. How close are you to sports?

When we talk about sports and people, we can identify three different ways in which people can feel

about sports:

A couch potato.

This is a word to describe someone who is sedentary and

spends most of his/her time watching television, sitting, reading,

playing video games, and using his/her computer for much of the day

with little of no vigorous physical exercise.

A fitness freak.

This is someone who is so interested in keeping fit, that

sometimes takes it over the top by over exercising and eating healthy.

When this happens, people usually consider that they are crazy about

fitness or that their obsession is not normal.

Image 57. Taken from: http://www.healthylifestyleart.com/sedentary-leads-to-couch-potato Retrieved March

11th, 2014.

Image 58. Taken from: http://chrisga262.blogspot.com/2012/

03/greg-plitt-americas-top-fitness-model.html Retrieved March 11th,

2014.

ANSWER KEY

1. HOW OFTEN do you go? 2. HOW LONG do you work out? 3. HOW GOOD are you at soccer?

http://chrisga262.blogspot.com/2012/03/greg-plitt-americas-top-fitness-model.html





A sports fan

A sports fan is an enthusiast for a particular athlete, team, sport

or all of organized sports as a whole. He/she usually attends

sporting events or watches them on television, and follows news

through newspapers and Internet websites.

With which of these do you see yourself? Why?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________


Look at these words and look them up in a dictionary. Then, read the text below.

flabby

lung

joint

stiff

injured

disease

to prevent (verb)

to crave (verb)

to delay (verb)

stamina

to limber (verb)

to bend (verb)

twist

mood

to disrupt (verb)

deleterious

strain

lean tissue

pleateau

reap

Image 59. Taken from: http://www.nerdwallet.com/blog/2013/checkin

g-accounts-sports-fans/ Retrieved March 11th, 2014.

http://www.nerdwallet.com/blog/2013/checking-accounts-sports-fans/




Why is Exercise Important?

Have you ever heard the expression "use it or lose it"? It's true! If you don't use your body, you will

surely lose it. Your muscles will become flabby and weak. Your heart and lungs won't function

efficiently. And your joints will be stiff and easily injured. Inactivity is as much of a health risk as

smoking!

Helps Prevent Diseases

Our bodies are supposed to move -they actually crave exercise. Regular exercise is necessary for

physical fitness and good health. It reduces the risk of heart disease, cancer, high blood pressure,

diabetes and other diseases. It can improve your appearance and delay the aging process.

Improves Stamina

When you exercise, your body uses energy to keep going. Aerobic exercise involves continuous

and rhythmic physical motion, such as walking and bicycling. It improves your stamina by training

your body to become more efficient and use less energy for the same amount of work. As your

conditioning level improves, your heart rate and breathing rate return to resting levels much sooner

from strenuous activity.

Strengthens and Tones

Exercising with weights and other forms of resistance training develops your muscles, bones and

ligaments for increased strength and endurance. Your posture can be improved, and your muscles

become more firm and toned. You not only feel better, but you look better, too!

Enhances Flexibility

Stretching exercises are also important for good posture. They keep your body limber so that you

can bend, reach and twist. Improving your flexibility through exercise reduces the chance of injury

and improves balance and coordination. If you have stiff, tense areas, such as the upper back or

neck, performing specific stretches can help "loosen" those muscles, helping you feel more relaxed.

Controls Weight

Exercise is also a key to weight control because it burns calories. If you burn off more calories than

you take in, you lose weight. It's as simple as that.

Improves Quality of Life

Once you begin to exercise regularly, you will discover many more reasons why exercise is so

important to improving the quality of your life. Exercise reduces stress, lifts moods, and helps you

sleep better. It can keep you looking and feeling younger throughout your entire life.

How Often Should I Exercise?

The benefits of any exercise program will diminish if it's disrupted too frequently. A "stop-start"

routine is not only ineffective, but can cause injuries. Being consistent with exercise, therefore, is

probably the most important factor in achieving desired results.



People often assume that more is better. Wrong! Doing too much too soon or performing intense

exercises on a daily basis will have deleterious effects, such as muscle/tendon strains, loss of lean

tissue, and fitness-level plateaus.

Cardio

If you are a beginner, start off slower than you think you should. Three days per week is realistic,

safe and effective. If you are experienced, do cardiovascular (aerobic) exercises such as walking,

jogging and bicycling for no more than 200 minutes per week with no more than 60 minutes per

session.

Lifting Weights

Weight training should be done no more than three times a week targeting the same muscle

groups. Exercise the same muscle groups on non-consecutive days because muscles need

adequate time to recover and cannot be effectively trained if they are tired or sore.

Stretching

Many people forget to stretch or make the excuse that they don't have the time. Flexibility is

important, so make the time! Stretching can be done every day, but stick to a minimum of three

times per week in order to reap the benefits. When the body is warmed up, such as after a workout

session, perform five to 10 stretches that target the major muscle groups. Hold each stretch for 10-

30 seconds.

Retrieved and adapted from: http://www.healthdiscovery.net/articles/exercise_importa.htm

1. What happens when you don’t exercise?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2. According to the text, what is a synonym for “stamina”?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. What can we infer a “stop-start” routine is like?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

4. According to the text, why is it so difficult to lose weight?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

http://www.healthdiscovery.net/articles/exercise_importa.htm



11. APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO: Participan de interacciones de tipo oral y escrito donde se describen

situaciones ocurridas en el pasado, haciendo uso de las estructuras gramaticales y léxicas

apropiadas y contextualizadas en diversas situaciones formales e informales.

10.1. Leisure-time activities

What do you usually do in your free time? Write an A if you ALWAYS practice the activity; an S if you

SOMETIMES practice it, and an N if you NEVER practice it:

read books _____ go shopping _____

watch series on TV _____ hang out with friends _____

play a sport _____ chat with friends _____

go to the park _____ play video games _____

go to the movies _____ surf the internet _____

upload pictures in Facebook _____ draw _____

10.2. Talking about past events

Did you do any of the previous activities last weekend? Let’s remember how to structure the

description of past events:


I played tennis last Friday evening. I didn’t go to work this morning, I

feel really sick.

Did I call you for your birthday last

year? I can’t remember!

She cooked pasta for us. He didn’t exercise last week, he’s

been too busy.

Did your dad visit you last

weekend?

My parents watched TV all

weekend!

We didn’t see any movies this

week. Did you study for the exam?



E.g.

A: Did you go shopping last weekend, Emily?

B: No, I didn’t. I stayed home because I needed to study.

A: Did your boyfriend give you any birthday present?

B: Yes, he did. And he took me to a nice Thai restaurant.

10.3. Classifying verbs

When describing past events in English, we have to make the difference between regular and

irregular verbs. They follow the same rules in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences, but

they change differently from present to past form.

Regular verbs are called “regular” because they don’t change much from the present to the past

form. When we change a regular verb into its past form, we just add –ED at the end of the word.

I moved to my new apartment last month. (move – moved)

Silvia worked all weekend. (work – worked)

My parents invited me to dinner last night. (invite – invited)

Careful! With most verbs, you just add –ed. However, there are some rules we need to be careful

with when changing some verbs:

Verb ending in... How to make the simple past Examples

e Add -D live lived

date dated

Consonant +y Change y to i, then add -ED try tried

cry cried

One vowel + one consonant

(but NOT w or y)

Double the consonant, then add -ED stop stopped

commit committed

anything else including w Add -ED boil boiled

fill filled

hand handed

show showed

Retrieved and adapted from: http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/pasted.htm

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/pasted.htm



Irregular verbs are called “irregular” because they change considerably from the present to the

past form.

I went to the beach last Saturday. (go – went)

We saw a nice play last night. (see – saw)

You took the subway yesterday morning, not the bus. (take – took)

ACTIVITIES

Answer these questions with your own information, giving the correct information when necessary.

1. Did you hang out with friends last weekend? _________________________________________.

2. Did your parents have lunch with you on Sunday? ______________________________________.

3. Did you call any friends this morning? _________________________________________.

4. Did you see any interesting movies last night? _________________________________________.

5. Did your teacher write you an email last week? ________________________________________.

6. Did your last English class finish earlier? _________________________________________.

7. Did your best friend visit you last weekend? _________________________________________.

8. Did you play any sports last summer? _________________________________________.

Did you rest last weekend? Why? Why not?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________



10.4. Asking for information about past events

We can ask for specific information about past events, using the WH- questions we have seen in

previous lessons. The structure is the same as interrogative sentences:

What time DID you GET UP yesterday?

I GOT UP at noon.

Where DID Sean GO last summer vacation?

He WENT to the mountains.

ACTIVITIES

Complete these conversations with the correct questions.

1.

A: Hey, Sue! What’s up?

B: Hey! I’m fine, and you?

A: Great! So, _______________________________________?

B: Last weekend? Well, I went shopping on Saturday and I studied for the test on Sunday.

_______________________________________?

A: No, I didn’t study at all! I didn’t have time, because some friends from Córdova visited us and I

had to spend a lot of time with them.


In Simple Past questions, we use the auxiliary

DID and the verb remains in its present form.

Did you GO shopping?

When did Jeff CALL you?



2.

A: _______________________________________?

B: I went to the beach last summer.

A: _______________________________________?

B: In February. I worked in January.

A: And _______________________________________?

B: With my family. And you?

10.5. Using the appropriate words

In English, there are certain words that just go with others. You can use other similar verbs and

English speakers will probably understand you, but it will sound very odd to them.

Complete these verbs with words that usually go with them. Then, write a sentence indicating when

was the last time you did three of these activities:

E.g. GO shopping

DO ________________ ________________ ________________

GO ________________ ________________ ________________

HAVE ________________ ________________ ________________

TAKE ________________ ________________ ________________

MAKE ________________ ________________ ________________

ANSWER KEY

1. a) What did you do last weekend? b) Did you study for the test? 2. a) Where did you go last summer? b) When did you go?

c) Who did you go with?



I went shopping for my birthday, last Friday

1. ________________________________________________________________.

2. ________________________________________________________________.

3. ________________________________________________________________.

10.6. A different verb: TO BE

The verb TO BE is an irregular verb; that means that it changes in its past form. There are two forms

of TO BE in the past, and we use one or the other depending on the subject of our sentence:

I you WAS he WERE we

she they it


I was at the mall yesterday. I wasn’t very happy with the news. Was I your teacher last year?

He was a very good student at

school. Elisa wasn’t my classmate.

Was your girlfriend your friend in

high school?

My friends were very lazy last

semester.

We weren’t in the same English

class.

Were you on vacation when I

visited you?

POSSIBLE ANSWER KEY

DO homework – yoga – housework GO running – to the movies – dancing HAVE a party – a class – an appointment TAKE a day off – vacation – a yoga class MAKE my bed – dinner – new friends



Carla, were you a good student in high school? No, I wasn’t. Actually, I was very lazy.

Where was Monica yesterday at 2pm? She didn’t answer the phone! I’m not sure. I think she was at the supermarket.


Look up the words you don’t know in a dictionary. Then, read the text carefully and answer the

questions below.

Are there a hundred different things you wish you could do with your life someday — anything from

exercising to meditation or yoga to writing that novel you always wished you could write to reading

more to relaxing and watching the sunrise? Perhaps you never have the time, like most people.

The truth is, we all have the same amount of time, and it’s finite and in great demand. But some of

us have made the time for doing the things we love doing, and others have allowed the constant

demands and pressures and responsibilities of life to dictate their days.

It’s time to move from the second group back into the first. Reclaim your time. Create the life you

want and make the most of the free time you lay claim to. It’s not hard, though it does take a little

bit of effort and diligence.

Reclaiming that free time

Take my life, for example: there was a time, not too long ago, when my day was packed from

morning to night, when I had meetings and long to-do lists and worked long hours and the rest of

my time was filled up with social engagements and meetings for civic responsibilities. I had little

time for my family, which ate me up, and little time to do the things I’ve always wanted to do.



I’ve always wanted to write, but never had the time. I’ve always wanted to exercise, but was too

busy. I always wanted to travel, but who can get away? I’ve always wanted to spend time with my

kids, but work comes first, right?

Wrong. I finally got smart and decided that my life is my own, to do with as I wished, and so I took a

time out to decide what I really wanted my life to be like. Then I designed my life, and made a series

of decisions and steps to get my life to what I wanted it to be.

Today, I wake early and exercise or spend some quiet time reading and writing. I’ve written a novel

and a non-fiction book. I write this blog. I run and have finally run a marathon (two actually) and

completed a triathlon. I spend afternoons and evenings and all weekends with my kids and wife.

My life is what I’ve always wanted it to be, because I designed it to be that way and worked to make

that design come true.

It can be that way for you, to the extent that you’re willing to make changes. Even if you just want to

free up a little time for a hobby or for doing something relaxing, you can do that.

20 Ways to Find More Free Time

Not all of these will be applicable to your life — choose the ones you can apply and give them a try:

1. Take a time out. Freeing up your time starts with taking a step back to take a good look at your

life. With this block of time, take a look at your life with some perspective. Is it what you’ve always

wanted? How would you get to where you’ve always wanted to be? What do you enjoy doing, but

don’t have enough time to do? What things actually fill up your day? Are there things you could drop

or minimize to make more time?

2. Find your essentials. What is it that you love to do? Make a short list of 4-5 things. These are

the things you want to make room for.

3. Find your time-wasters. What do you spend a lot of your time on that isn’t on your essential

list? Take a close look at these things and really think about whether they’re necessary, or if there

are ways to reduce, minimize or eliminate these things. Sometimes you do things because you

assume they’re necessary, but if you give it some thought you can find ways to drop them from your

life. Figure out what you do simply to waste time — maybe surfing certain sites, watching TV,

talking a lot at the water cooler, etc. You’re going to want to minimize these time-wasters to make

room for the more important stuff, the stuff that makes you happy and that you love to do.



4. Schedule the time. As you sit down and think about your life and what you want to do, versus

what you actually do, you will be looking at ways to free up time. It’s crucial that you take a blank

weekly schedule (you can just write it out on a piece of paper, or use your calendar) and assign

blocks for the things you love — the stuff on your essentials list. If you want to exercise, for

example, when will you do it? Put the blocks of time on your schedule, and make these blocks the

most important appointments of your week. Schedule the rest of your life around these blocks.

5. Consolidate. There are many things you do, scattered throughout your day or your week, that

you might be able to consolidate in order to save time. A good example is errands — instead of

running one or two a day, do them all in one day to save time and gas.

6. Learn to say no. If you say “yes” to every request, you will never have any free time. Get

super protective about your time, and say “no” to everything but the essential requests.

7. Keep your list to 3. When you make out your daily to-do list, just list the three Most Important

Tasks you want to accomplish today. By keeping your task list small, but populated only by

important tasks, you ensure that you are getting the important stuff done but not overloading

yourself.

8. Do your Biggest Rock first. Of the three Most Important Tasks you choose for the day, pick

the biggest one, or the one you’re dreading most, and do that first. Otherwise you’ll put that off as

much as possible and fill your day with less important things. It starts your day with a sense of major

accomplishment, and leaves you with a lot of free time the rest of the day, because the most

important thing is already done.

9. Delegate. If you have subordinates or coworkers who can do a task or project, try to delegate

it. Don’t feel like you need to do everything yourself. Delegating allows you to focus on the core

tasks and projects you should be focusing on.

10. Cut out distractions. What is there around your workspace that distracts you from the task at

hand? Sometimes it’s visual clutter, or papers lying around that call for your attention and action, or

email or IM notifiers on your computer that pop up at the wrong time, or the phone, or coworkers.

See if you can eliminate as many of these as possible — the more you can focus, the more

effective you’ll be and the less time you’ll waste. That equals time saved for the good stuff.

11. Disconnect. The biggest of distractions, for most people, is the Internet. My most productive

times are when I’m disconnected from the grid. Now, I’m not saying you need to be disconnected all

the time, but if you really want to be able to effectively complete tasks, disconnect your Internet so

you can really focus. Set certain times of the day for connectivity, and only connect during those

periods.

12. Make use of your mornings. I find that mornings are the absolute best times to schedule the

things I really want to do. I run, read and write in the mornings — three of the four things on my



Essentials List (spending time with family is the other thing on the list). Mornings are great because

your day hasn’t been filled with a bunch of unscheduled, demanding, last-minute tasks that will push

back those Essentials. For example, if you schedule something for late afternoon, by the time late

afternoon rolls around, you might have a dozen other things newly added to your to-do list, and

you’ll put off that late-afternoon Essential. Instead, schedule it for the morning, and it’ll rarely (if

ever) get pushed back.

13. The Golden Right-after-work Time. Other than mornings, I find the time just after work to be

an incredible time for doing Essential things. Exercise, for example, is great in the 6-o’clock hour, as

is spending time with family, or doing anything else relaxing.

14. Your evenings. The time before you go to bed is also golden, as it exists every single day,

and it’s usually completely yours to schedule. What do you want to do with this time? Read? Spend

time with your kids? Work on a hobby you’re passionate about? Take advantage of this time.

15. Lunch breaks. If the three golden times mentioned above don’t work for you, lunch breaks are

another good opportunity to schedule things. Some people like to exercise, or to take quiet times,

during their lunch breaks. Others use this time to work on an important personal goal or project.

Retrieved and adapted from: http://zenhabits.net/reclaim-your-time-20-great-ways-to-find-more-free-time/

1. According to the author, what are the “essentials”?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the biggest distraction for most people? Is it the same for you?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why does the author prefer to do things in the morning?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

4. What do you think are your time-wasters?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

http://zenhabits.net/reclaim-your-time-20-great-ways-to-find-more-free-time/



12. APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO: Solicitan y entregan descripciones de distintos vecindarios y ciudades

en contextos de interacción escritos y orales, utilizando elementos gramaticales y discursivos

adaptados a cada situación particular.

11.1. Places in a neighborhood

What are the places you usually visit in your neighborhood? Check them:

___ a bank ___ a mall

___ a supermarket ___ a shoe store

___ a barber hop ___ a parking lot

___ a laundromat ___ a gas station

___ a stationary store ___ a library

___ a grocery store ___ a bookstore

___ a theater ___ a boutique

11.2. Describing neighborhoods

When we describe our neighborhood in terms of what we can find there and what we can’t, we can

use there is and there are, depending on the noun we are referring to –singular or plural.

THERE IS is used with singular nouns:

Is there a hair salon in your neighborhood?

Yes, there is one next to the supermarket.

Is there a gym near your house?

No, there isn’t. But there is one near the office, so I go there.



THERE ARE is used with plural nouns:

Are there any restaurants close to your workplace?

Yes, there are some across from the office.

Are there any banks near your house?

No, there aren’t. But there are some near the bus station.

11.3. Specifying locations

To describe your neighborhood better, it is a good idea to use Prepositions of Place. They will

specify where places are so that people can picture the map more easily.

Let’s remember the most common prepositions of place:

The supermarket is ON Portugal Street.

It’s NEXT TO the drugstore.

The supermarket is CLOSE TO / NEAR my apartment, so I can walk there.

My favorite restaurant is ACROSS FROM my office, so I just cross the street.

I love that clothing store at the mall, the one right IN FRONT OF Zara, remember?

The parking lot is right IN BACK OF / BEHIND the bank.

The bank is BETWEEN the gym and the bakery.

My house is ON THE CORNER OF Shelter Street and Winter Avenue.

Is there a post office near here?

Yes, there is one between the restaurant and the boutique.



ACTIVITIES

Look at the map and answer the conversation:

A: Excuse me, sir. I think I’m a little lost… Is there a theater in this neighborhood? Where?

B: ______________________________________________________________________.

A: Oh, thanks a lot! And restaurants? Are there any restaurants around?

B: ______________________________________________________________________.

A: Cool! And how about public toilets? Are there any near here?

B: ______________________________________________________________________.

A: And is there a swimming pool? I’d love to go swimming!

B: ______________________________________________________________________.

A: Oh… that’s okay. I guess I can make it downtown for that.

ANSWER KEY

1. Yes, there is one across from the chemist. 2. Yes, there is one on Palm Street and another one on Lane Street. 3. Yes, there are some next to the vet. 4. No, there isn’t.



Think of your neighborhood and answer these questions, specifying locations when necessary.

1. Is there a drugstore near your house?

______________________________________________________________________.

2. Are there any hotels in your neighborhood?

______________________________________________________________________.

3. Are there any gas stations?

______________________________________________________________________.

4. Is there a mall near your house?

______________________________________________________________________.

11.4. Talking about quantities

As we did in previous lessons, we will use quantifiers to specify quantities. In this case, how many

restaurants or bookstores there are in our neighborhoods. Or how much noise there is around the

institute.

Let’s see how to specify quantities according to the type of noun we are referring to:

Count nouns

Count nouns are those which we can count. We can count houses, apartment buildings, restaurants,

cafes, etc. When we ask or answer about them, we use PLURAL structures:

Are there many drugstores near your house?

Yes, there are A LOT.

Yes, there are A FEW.

No, there aren’t MANY.

No, there aren’t ANY.

No, there are NONE.

How many restaurants are there?

There are four.



Noncount nouns

On the other hand, noncount nouns are those which we cannot count. We can’t count crime,

pollution, noise, or parking. Therefore, when we ask or answer about these aspects, we use

SINGULAR structures:

Is there much noise around this AIEP building?

Yes, there is A LOT.

Yes, there are A LITTLE.

No, there isn´t MUCH.

No, there isn’t ANY.

No, there is NONE.

How much noise is there?

There is a lot.

ACTIVITIES

Answer these questions about AIEP’s neighborhood:

1. Is there much pollution in this neighborhood?

______________________________________________________________________.

2. Are there many restaurants around?

______________________________________________________________________.

3. How much parking is there?

______________________________________________________________________.

4. How many ATMs are there around?

______________________________________________________________________.

5. Is there much public transportation near the building?

______________________________________________________________________.



What is your ideal neighborhood? Describe it using quantifiers and prepositions of place.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________


Look up the words you don’t know in a dictionary. Then, read the text carefully and answer the

questions below.

If you're in the market for a home, what constitutes an "ideal" neighborhood? For some - especially

younger homebuyers who are single - the ideal neighborhood is one in an urban setting close to

restaurants, entertainment and work. Cities may have more crime, but they also may have other

qualities that you consider attractive, such as convenience and cultural activities. Buyers with

children may be looking for suburban locations, where good schools, reasonable prices, parks and

porches are more attractive. The suburbs may have lower crime statistics, but may be farther from

work. Yet others believe the ideal neighborhood is a rural backdrop with the peace and serenity of

the outdoors.

Whatever your preference, everybody has their own opinion on what makes an ideal neighborhood.

Finding a perfect neighborhood revolves around lifestyle issues - namely intangible qualities like

safety, comfort, convenience, and other amenities. Regardless of what constitutes your ideal

neighborhood, choosing the perfect neighborhood is one of the most difficult parts of deciding

where to live. Many real estate agents urge buyers to choose a neighborhood before they choose a



house. Homebuyers should decide a specific neighborhood they want to live in before they

purchase a home.

Here are a few tips to find the ideal neighborhood:

TIP 1:

Start your ideal neighborhood search by scouring web pages that can give you neighborhood

information and statistics.

TIP 2:

Contact a local real estate agent and request neighborhood information. Ask the agent: What is the

median sales price? How long do homes stay on the market?

TIP 3:

Contact the homeowner's association and request information.

TIP 4:

Talk with homeowners in the neighborhood you're looking at. Ask the homeowners about the

schools, the neighborhood, crime, traffic, noise and other issues.

TIP 5:

Visit the neighborhood at different times of the day. On the weekdays, visit the neighborhood in the

morning and the evening. Is there traffic noise? Is the neighborhood mostly families with children or

retirees?

After you have collected the neighborhood information, review all the material. Finding the ideal

neighborhood takes time and commitment. Homebuyers want to thoroughly check out a

neighborhood before spending hundreds of thousands of dollars on a home. So before you write an

offer on any property, do a little homework so you can find that perfect neighborhood.

Once you've prioritized all your neighborhood amenities and features, you'll find it's much easier to

focus your home search. Remember, the neighborhood is usually as important to the value of a

home as what's under its roof.

Retrieved and adapted from: http://www.realtytrac.com/Neighborhood/find-the-ideal-neighborhood.html

http://www.realtytrac.com/Neighborhood/find-the-ideal-neighborhood.html



1. What’s the ideal neighborhood for young adults?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why is it important to take a look at the neighborhood before choosing a new house or apartment?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. What kind of neighborhood would be ideal for elderly people?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why do you think it’s a good idea to visit the neighborhood at different times of the day?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________



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