handbook for official trade representatives vs 2.0 kh · Éksarennamsrmabm®nþipøÚvkartmna;...

ÉksarENnaMsRmab; m®nþIpøÚvkartMNagBaNiC¢kmµ

ITC raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa RksYgBaNiC¢kmµ

matika esckþIepþIm ................................................................................................................................................................ 1

rcnasm<½n§sßab½n ................................................................................................................................................... 1

CMBUk 1³ m®nþItMNagBaNiC¢kmµ ...................................................................................................................... 3

k> víC¢aCÍv³m®nþItMNagBaNiC¢kmµ ............................................................................................................................. 3 x> kic©karrbs;m®nþItMNagBaNiC¢kmµ ...................................................................................................................... 4

CMBUk 2³ BiFIkarxagpøÚvTUt skmµPaBeFVICatMNag nigbBaðaPasa .................................................... 6

k> BiFIkarxagpøÚvTUt ................................................................................................................................................. 6 1> svnakardMbUg............................................................................................................................................. 6 2> Tmøab;BImunmk ............................................................................................................................................. 6

x> skmµPaBeFVICatMNag ........................................................................................................................................ 7 1> eKalbMNg................................................................................................................................................ 7 2> RbePTskmµPaB ......................................................................................................................................... 7 3> TMnas;plRbeyaCn_ ................................................................................................................................... 8

K> Pasa .................................................................................................................................................................. 8

CMBUk 3³ TMnak;TMngCamYyshKmn_ GñknaMecjénRbeTseyIg ........................................................ 9

k> GarmÖkfa ............................................................................................................................................................ 9 x> sÁal;plitpl¼esvakmµrbs;Gñk ........................................................................................................................ 9 K> sÁal;TIpSarrbs;Gñk .......................................................................................................................................... 10

1> kareFVIGtþsBaØaN»kasBaNiC¢kmµCak;lak; ........................................................................................... 11 2> kareFVIGtþsBaØaN]bsKÁenAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµ ............................................................................................. 11 3> kartamdanktþadéTeTotEdlman\T§ilmkelIBaNiC¢kmµ ........................................................................ 11 4> kareXasnaedIm,ICRmujkarlk;dUr ........................................................................................................... 11

X> dwgfakarnaMykplitplnigTIpSarmkCYbKñaBak;B½n§nwgGVIxøH ........................................................................... 12

CMBUk 4³ EsVgyl;GMBIEdndIrbs;Gñk ........................................................................................................... 14

k> karGegátgay²GMBIsßanPaBrbs;RbeTs ......................................................................................................... 14 x> cMNucTak;TgBiess²...................................................................................................................................... 16 K> RbPBB½t’man .................................................................................................................................................... 16 X> )azkfaenAkñúgTIsaFarN³ ............................................................................................................................. 18 g> karkMsanþ ......................................................................................................................................................... 18

CMBUk 5³ cMeNHdwgGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ ................................................................................................................. 19

k> etIcMeNHdwgGMBITIpSarKWCaGVI? ........................................................................................................................... 19 x> ÉksareyagCamUldæansþIBIkm<úCa .................................................................................................................... 20 K> karcgRkgCaÉksarGMBIEdndIrbs;Gñk ............................................................................................................. 20 X> karbegáItbNÑal½yBaNiC¢kmµmYy ................................................................................................................. 20

ÉksarENnaMsRmab;m®nþIpøÚvkartMNagBaNiC¢kmµ KeRmag ITC CMB/61/87 – karKaMRTdl;karelIkkMBs;karGPivDÆBaNiC¢kmµnaMecjenAkm<úCa

Final Draft 11/30/2004

iii

1> matika .......................................................................................................................................................... 21 2> RbB½n§RKb;RKgbNÑal½y .............................................................................................................................. 25

g> B½t’manEdlmincgRkgCaÉksar ..................................................................................................................... 26 c> kMNt;Rta¼ÉksarB½t’manepSg²eTot ............................................................................................................... 26 q> kariyal½yeXasnakarnaMcUl KWCaRbPBB½t’man ............................................................................................ 26 C> Tinñn½yBaNiC¢kmµbreTstamRbB½n§kMuBüÚT½r ....................................................................................................... 27

CMBUk 6 ³ kareFVIesckþIraykarN_ GMBIBaNiC¢kmµ ................................................................................. 28

k> RkumeKaledA .................................................................................................................................................... 28 x> r)aykarN_sMxan;² ......................................................................................................................................... 29 K> eKalkarN_ENnaMsMxan;² ............................................................................................................................... 29 X> kareFVIesckþIraykarN_bnÞan;.......................................................................................................................... 30 g> sMNYrcMbg²GMBIkarnaMecj .............................................................................................................................. 31 c> karsresr)aykarN_CaTUeTA .......................................................................................................................... 31

CMBUk 7³ ePJóvCaBaNiC¢kr ............................................................................................................................. 33

k> kareRtomerobcMTsSnkic©mYy ........................................................................................................................... 33 1> karCUndMNwgBIRbeTsedIm ....................................................................................................................... 34 2> r)aykarN_dMbUgrbs;Gñk ......................................................................................................................... 34 3> r)aykarN_eBjeljrbs;Gñk ................................................................................................................ 35 4> kmµviFIsRmab;TsSnkic© ............................................................................................................................. 35 5> kareFVIGtþsBaØaNcMNucTak;Tgnana ....................................................................................................... 36 6> kalviPaKénkarNat;CYb .......................................................................................................................... 36

x> tRmUvkar[manesvakmµpÞal;xøÜn ....................................................................................................................... 37

CMBUk 8³ ebskkmµCMnYj ¬KN³RbtiPUBaNiC¢kmµ¦ ............................................................................... 38

k> GtßRbeyaCn_énebskkmµCMnYj eFobnwgTsSnkic©nana edayBaNiC¢krmñak;² ............................................... 38 x> RbePTénebskkmµ ........................................................................................................................................... 39 K> karelIkesñI[manebskkmµ ............................................................................................................................. 39 X> fvíka ............................................................................................................................................................... 40 g> karpþl;esvakmµdl;ebskkmµCMnYj ................................................................................................................. 41

1> karBieRKaHeyabl;CamYyrdæaPi)alCam©as;pÞH .......................................................................................... 41 2> karEsVgrkGñkTak;Tgnana ....................................................................................................................... 41 3> B½t’manGMBITIpSar ....................................................................................................................................... 41 4> svnakar¼karcUlCYb ................................................................................................................................ 41 5> karpSBVpSayCasaFarN³ ....................................................................................................................... 42 6> bdisNæarkic© ........................................................................................................................................... 42 7> ÉksarsRmab;karGeBa¢Íj ........................................................................................................................ 43 8> ÉksarsRmab;karbgðajedaysegçb ...................................................................................................... 43 9> esckþIBnül;xøIGMBIkic©karpÞal;xøÜn .............................................................................................................. 44



iv

10> karecaTeqøIy ............................................................................................................................................ 44 11> r)aykarN_eRkayebskkmµ .................................................................................................................... 44 12> lixiteqøIyqøgedIm,IsMEdgkarKYrsm ......................................................................................................... 44

CMBUk 9³ sMNYrGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ ......................................................................................................................... 45

k> RbePTénsMNYr ................................................................................................................................................ 45 x> sMNYrGMBIBaNiC¢kmµkñúgRsuk ............................................................................................................................ 45

1> »kassRmab;BaNiC¢kmµ .......................................................................................................................... 45 2> karsYrGMBIkarnaMecjeTARbeTseyIg ....................................................................................................... 46 3> sMNYrGMBIBn§Ky ...................................................................................................................................... 47 4> sMNYrepSgeTotenAmUldæan ..................................................................................................................... 47

K> sMNYrBaNiC¢kmµBIRbeTseyIg ........................................................................................................................ 48 1> lkçxNÐénB½t’man .................................................................................................................................... 48 2> CMhanEdlRtUvGnuvtþ ................................................................................................................................ 49

eCMBUk 10³ ePJóveTATsSnkic© enARbeTseyIg ...................................................................................... 50

k> GtßRbeyaCn_ .................................................................................................................................................... 50 x> karelIkTwkcitþ[manTsSnkic©xagCMnYj ......................................................................................................... 50 K> kareFVIdMeNIrCaRkum .......................................................................................................................................... 51

CMBUk 11³ TMnak;TMngGñksarB½t’man .......................................................................................................... 52

k> karcuHpSayBiess ........................................................................................................................................... 52 x> etIRtUvsmøwgemIlGVIenAkñúgkarcuHpSay .............................................................................................................. 52 K> esckþIRbkasB½t’man ...................................................................................................................................... 53

1> matika ...................................................................................................................................................... 53 2> rcnabT .................................................................................................................................................... 54 3> karEckcay ............................................................................................................................................ 54

X> snñisITsarB½tman nigBiFIsVaKmn_TTYl ........................................................................................................ 55

CMBUk 12³ BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµsmRsb............................................................................................................ 57

k> etIBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ nig¼b¤ kartaMgBiBN’ KWCaGVI? ............................................................................................ 57 1> BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµpþl;plRbeyaCn_nanadUcxageRkamenHdl;GñktaMgBiBN’ ........................................... 58 1> b:uEnþBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ mancMNucexSayxøH²pgEdr .................................................................................. 59 2> bec©keTsepSgeToténTMnak;TMngTIpSar manGtßRbeyaCn_Cak;lak;rbs;va ............................................. 59

x> karseRmccUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ ........................................................................................................ 60 1> karBicarNaTUeTA ..................................................................................................................................... 60 2> karkMNt;eKalbMNg .............................................................................................................................. 62 3> kareFVIGtþsBaØaN nigkarvaytémøBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ ................................................................................ 63

K> kareRKagcUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµmYy ................................................................................................... 65 1> tRmUvkarB½t’man ........................................................................................................................................ 65 2> karpþÜcepþÍmelIksMeNIBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµmYy ............................................................................................ 66



v

3> cMNat;karelIkarTTYlyksMeNI ............................................................................................................ 66

CMBUk 13³ karcUlrYm enAmun kñúgGMLúgeBl nig eRkayeBlBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ ........................ 67

k> kareFVIEpnkar ................................................................................................................................................... 67 1> EbbbTeFVIEpnkar ..................................................................................................................................... 67 2> viFIsMxan;²énlMnaMkargar .......................................................................................................................... 68

x> sMukarGnuvtþedIm,IbBa¢Ún]bkrN_ nigPñak;garbBa¢Ún]bkrN_ ............................................................................. 68 K> karcat;EcgedIm,IbBa¢ÚnsmÖar³ .......................................................................................................................... 68 X> karsagsg;sRmab;kartaMgbgðaj .................................................................................................................. 69 g> kMNt;RtaGñkTak;Tg nigkargarbnþ .................................................................................................................. 69 c> kMNt;RtaGMBITRmg;ÉksarGMBIkarsaksYr ........................................................................................................ 70 q> karGnÞg[mancMMNab;GarmµN_elIsþg; ............................................................................................................. 70

1> bec©keTsbBa©úHbBa©Úl ............................................................................................................................. 71 C> karRKb;RKgsþg; ................................................................................................................................................ 71 Q> buKÁlikRbcaMsþg;............................................................................................................................................. 72 j> karTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñktaMgBiBN’ ................................................................................................................... 72 d> karENnaMRtYs²dl;GñktaMgBiBN’ ................................................................................................................... 74 z> karvaytémø nigkareFVIr)aykarN_ ................................................................................................................... 75

1> karkMNt;eKalbMNg .............................................................................................................................. 76 2> etIGñkeFVIkarvaytémøEbbNa? ................................................................................................................. 76 3> kMhusxusqÁgCaTUeTA ............................................................................................................................... 78 4> esckþIsegçb ............................................................................................................................................ 78

D> kareFVIr)aykarN_GMBIBiFIenaH ........................................................................................................................... 79

CMBUk 14³ kareXasnaedIm,ICRmujkarvinieyaK ..................................................................................... 80

k> niymn½yBakü .................................................................................................................................................. 80 x> TRmg;énkarvínieyaKedaypÞal;BIbreTs .......................................................................................................... 81

1> karrksIucUlh‘unKña ................................................................................................................................... 82 2> karcuHkic©snüabnþCalkçN³GnþrCati ...................................................................................................... 82 3> karplitenAeRkamGaCJab½NÑ .................................................................................................................... 83

K> tYnaTIénGñktMNagBaNiC¢kmµ ........................................................................................................................... 83 1> B½t’man ..................................................................................................................................................... 84 2> GñkRtUvTak;Tg ........................................................................................................................................... 84 3> kareFVIr)aykarN_ .................................................................................................................................... 84 4> karRsavRCavGMBITIpSar .............................................................................................................................. 85 5> karpSBVpSayCasaFarN³ ....................................................................................................................... 85

X> karvaytémøKeRmagvinieyaK ........................................................................................................................... 86

CMBUk 15 ³ kareFVIGtþsBaØaN nigkarBnül; dl;GñkEdlGackøayCaGñkpÁt;pÁg; ....................... 87

k> karkMNt;GaTiPaBrbs;Gñk ................................................................................................................................ 87



vi

x> ehtuGVIRtUv[manlT§kmµsRmab;karnaMcUl? ..................................................................................................... 88

K> kareFVIGtþsBaØaNGñkpÁt;pÁg; ............................................................................................................................. 89

X> karENnaMGMBIGñkpÁt;pÁg;EdlmanskþanuBl ..................................................................................................... 89

CMBUk 16 ³ lkçxNÐénkarRbKl;TMnij ..................................................................................................... 91

k> TidæPaBrYm ......................................................................................................................................................... 91 1> karkMNt;éfølk; ....................................................................................................................................... 91 2> ÉksarsRmab;karnaMTMnijecj................................................................................................................ 92 3> r)ayrUbvnþ ................................................................................................................................................ 92

x> lkçxNÐénkarRbKl;;TMnij ............................................................................................................................... 92 1> TidæPaBrYm ................................................................................................................................................. 92 2> karFanar:ab;rg .......................................................................................................................................... 93 3> lkçxNÐénkarbg;éfø ............................................................................................................................... 93 4> hirBaØb,TankarbBa¢anaMecj .................................................................................................................... 93 5> kareRCIserIslkçxNÐénkarRbKl;TMnij .................................................................................................. 93 6> GiunkUeFIm INCOTERMS .......................................................................................................................... 94 7> lkçxNÐepSgeTot .................................................................................................................................... 95

CMBUk 17³ karFanar:ab;rgsRmab;TMnij ...................................................................................................... 96

k> PaBcaM)ac;edIm,IFanar:ab;rgsRmab;TMnij .......................................................................................................... 96 x> etIKYrpþl;karFanar:ab;rgsRmab;GñkNaxøH? ..................................................................................................... 96 K> kic©snüaFanar:ab;rgGnþrCati ............................................................................................................................ 97 X> etIFanar:ab;rgEbbNa? .................................................................................................................................. 98 g> kRmiténkarFanar:ab;rg .................................................................................................................................... 99 c> lkçxNÐ {mFüm} ............................................................................................................................................. 99 q> RbePTFanar:ab;rg .......................................................................................................................................... 100

CMBUk 18³ karerobcMÉksar sRmab;karnaMecj ................................................................................... 102

k> ÉksardwkCBa¢Ún ............................................................................................................................................. 102 x> GaCJab½NÑnaMecj ............................................................................................................................................ 104 K> RbtievTn_Ky .................................................................................................................................................. 104 X> lixitbBa¢ak;GMBIRbPBedIm ............................................................................................................................ 105 g> lixitbBa¢ak;suxPaB nigGnam½y .................................................................................................................... 105 c> lixitbBa¢ak;GFikarkic© .................................................................................................................................... 105 q> lixitbBa¢ak;karRtYtBinitüKuNPaB ................................................................................................................. 105 C> víkyb½RtBaNiC¢kmµ ........................................................................................................................................ 106 Q> taragTMnijEdl)anevcx©b; .......................................................................................................................... 106 j> víkyb½RtKy ................................................................................................................................................. 106 d> lixitGKÁkugs‘ul ............................................................................................................................................. 107



vii

z> lixitFanar:ab;rg ............................................................................................................................................ 107

CMBUk 19³ kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij ....................................................................................................................... 109

k> esckþIepþIm ...................................................................................................................................................... 109 x> Pñak;gardwkCBa¢Ún nig Pñak;garbBa¢ÚnTMnij ....................................................................................................... 109 K> RbePTénkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij ................................................................................................................................. 110

1> TMnijbBa¢ÚntamsmuRT ............................................................................................................................ 110 2> karbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas ...................................................................................................................... 111

X> kareRCIserIsykmeFüa)aybBa¢ÚnTMnij)anRtwmRtUv ..................................................................................... 113

CMBUk 20³ karevcx©b; sRmab;TIpSarnaMecj ......................................................................................... 115

k> ktþaEdlRtUvBicarNa ..................................................................................................................................... 115 x> bBaðakñúgkarevcx©b; ........................................................................................................................................ 115 K> mUlehtuénkarxUcxat .................................................................................................................................... 116 X> lkçxNÐénTIpSar ........................................................................................................................................... 116 g> kardak;søak ................................................................................................................................................... 117 c> karelIkdak; ................................................................................................................................................... 118

1> karbBa©ÚleTAkñúgkugtWn½r ......................................................................................................................... 118 2> karbBa©ÚlkñúgkBa©b;;EdlmaneRKageQIsRmab;RT ................................................................................... 119 3> navaseNþagsaLg; ............................................................................................................................... 119 4> TMnijRckCaeRsc ................................................................................................................................... 119

CMBUk 21³ tYnaTIrbs;m®nþItMNagBaNiC¢kmµ enAkñúgkic©karc,ab; .................................................... 120

k> Rkbx½NÐc,ab;enAkñúgRbeTseyIg ................................................................................................................... 120 x> Rkbx½NÐc,ab;enAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk ................................................................................................................ 120

CMBUk 22³ kic©snüa ....................................................................................................................................... 121

k> niymn½y nigkarbegáItkic©snüa ................................................................................................................... 122 x> RbePTénkic©snüa ........................................................................................................................................... 122

1> kic©snüalk;sRmab;karlk;TMnijCaGnþrCat i .......................................................................................... 122 2> kic©snüarNb ........................................................................................................................................ 124 3> kic©snüapøas;bþÚrTMnij ............................................................................................................................ 124 4> kic©snüaCYl ........................................................................................................................................... 125 5> kic©RBmeRBogeFVICatMNag ...................................................................................................................... 125 6> kic©snüavísVkmµ ....................................................................................................................................... 125 7> kic©RBmeRBogvínieyaKbreTs nigkic©RBmeRBogrksIucUlh‘unKña............................................................. 126 8> kic©RBmeRBogepÞrbec©kvíTüa .................................................................................................................... 126 9> kic©snüadwkCBa¢Ún ................................................................................................................................... 127 10> kic©snüaFanar:ab;rgGnþrCati .................................................................................................................. 127

CMBUk 23³ vivaTkñúgBaNiC¢kmµ ................................................................................................................... 128



viii

k> dMeNaHRsayedaysnþivíFI ............................................................................................................................. 128 x> karsRmuHsRmYl ............................................................................................................................................ 128 K> mCÄtþvinicä½y ................................................................................................................................................... 129

1> mCÄtþvinicä½yxagsßab½n ........................................................................................................................... 129 2> mCÄtþvinicä½ybeNþaHGasnñ ..................................................................................................................... 129

X> sßab½nmCÄtþvinic½äy nigkic©RBmeRBogGnþrCati ............................................................................................... 129 1> sPaBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati (ICC)............................................................................................................... 129 2> bTb,BaØtþimCÄtþvinicä½yrbs;KN³kmµkarshRbCaCatiTTYlbnÞúkkic©karc,ab;BaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati

(UNCITRAL) ........................................................................................................................................ 130 3> mCÄmNÐlmCÄtþvinicä½ydéTeTot ........................................................................................................... 131

g> matikaénRbkarsþIBImCÄtþvinicä½y ..................................................................................................................... 132 c> karGnuvtþsalRkm ......................................................................................................................................... 133 q> éføcMNayelImCÄtþvínicä½y ............................................................................................................................. 133 C> nItiviFItulakar nigkareRbobeFobCamYymCÄtþvinicä½y ..................................................................................... 134

CMBUk 24³ tYnaTIrbs;m®nþItMNagBaNiC¢kmµ enAkñúgvivaTBaNiC¢kmµ ........................................... 135

k> esckþIepþIm ...................................................................................................................................................... 135 x> eKalkarN_ENnaMsRmab;skmµPaBdMbUg ...................................................................................................... 135 K> RbePTénbNþwg nigrebobedaHRsaybNþwgTaMgenaH .................................................................................... 136

1> bNþwgrbs;GñknaMcUlenAmUldæan Tl;nwgGñknaMecjenAkñúgRbeTseyIg ............................................... 137 2> bNþwgedayGñknaMecjkñúgmUldæan Tl;nwgGñknaMcUlenAkñúgRbeTseyIg .............................................. 138 3> bNþwgBIGñknaMecjkñúgRbeTseyIg Tl;nwgGñknaMcUlenAmUldæan .......................................................... 139 4> bNþwgBIGñknaMcUlenAkñúgRbeTseyIg Tl;nwgGñknaMecjenAmUldæan ..................................................... 140 5> karrMelaPelIkmµsiT§ixagbBaØaelIEpñk]sSahkmµ .................................................................................. 141 6> bNþwgdéTeTot ....................................................................................................................................... 141

CMBUk 25³ RbB½n§c,ab;Cati nigkareFVI[ cuHsRmugCamYyc,ab;GnþrCati ......................................... 145

k> c,ab;kñúgRsuk .................................................................................................................................................. 145 1> c,ab;ÉkCn ............................................................................................................................................. 145 2> c,ab;saFarN³ b¤ c,ab;rdæ)al .............................................................................................................. 145

x> c,ab;GnþrCati .................................................................................................................................................. 146 1> c,ab;ÉkCnGnþrCati ................................................................................................................................ 146 2> c,ab;saFarN³GnþrCati ......................................................................................................................... 146 3> bTb,BaØtþiGnþrCati EdlKµanGMNacc,ab; ................................................................................................ 146 4> kareFVI[cuHsRmugKñaCamYyBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati ....................................................................................... 147

CMBUk 26³ r)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM nig kmµviFIkargarRbcaMqñaM .............................................................. 152

k> esckþIepþIm ...................................................................................................................................................... 152 x> r)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM ........................................................................................................................................ 153

1> TidæPaBrYmxagesdækic© nigBaNiC¢kmµ ..................................................................................................... 153



ix

2> TMnak;TMngBaNiC¢kmµeTVPaKI ................................................................................................................... 154 3> esckþIepþImGMBIkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMxagmux ............................................................................................ 154 5> ]bsm<½n§CaTinñn½ysßiti ............................................................................................................................ 155

K> kmµviFIkargarRbcaMqñaM ...................................................................................................................................... 156 1> vaCaRkbx½NÐcat;EcgsMxan;mYysRmab;kargarrbs;Gñk ........................................................................ 156 2> tamTsSn³rbs; MoC b¤ TPO .............................................................................................................. 156 3> TMhMénkmµviFIkargarRbcaMqñaM .................................................................................................................... 157 4> karkMNt;eBlevla ................................................................................................................................ 158

X> r)aykarN_eTogTat; .................................................................................................................................... 158

]bsm<½n§ 1³ tarageyagsRmab;karGegátsßanPaBénRbeTs ........................................................... 159

]bsm<½n§ 2³ cMNat;fñak;B½t’manGMBIviFankarRtYtBinitükarnaMcUl .................................................. 163

]bsm<½n§ 3³ tarageyag b¤ Tinñn½ybgðaj ......................................................................................... 166

]bsm<½n§ 4³ tarageyagsRmab;B½t’manGMBIBiBN’EdleRCIsyk .................................................... 167

]bsm<½n§ 5³ BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ ³ tarageyagGMBIkic©karsMxan;² .................................................... 169

]bsm<½n§ 6³ esvakmµeXasnaCRmujkarvinieyaK (IPS) rbs; UNIDO ...................................... 171

]bsm<½n§ 1³ INCOTERMS ............................................................................................................................. 174

kUnesovePAsRmab;tMNagpøÚvkarxagBaNiC¢kmµ

KeRmag ITC CMB/61/87 – karKaMRTdl;karelIkkMBs;karGPivDÆBaNiC¢kmµnaMecjenAkm<úCa

DRAFT 11/28/2004

esckþIepþIm rcnasm<½n§sßab½n enAkñúgEpnkarGPivDÆn_Catirbs;eyIg tamFmµta RksYgnanarbs;rdæaPi)al nwgRtUverobcMeKalneya)ay rbs;xøÜn edIm,IedaHRsaykic©karnana dUcCa ksikmµ plitkmµ]sSahkmµ GRtabþÚrR)ak; karykBn§ taragBn§Ky kUta nigkic©RBmeRBogBaNiC¢kmµ .l. eKalneya)ayTaMgenH nigeKalneya)ayRbhak;RbEhlKñaenH man \T§iBledaypÞal;eRcIn b¤ tic mkelIBaNiC¢kmµbreTs nigmkelIkmµvíFICatielIkkMBs;BaNiC¢kmµrbs;RbeTsRbkb edaynirnþrPaBsRmab;ry³eBlEvg.

enAkRmitsßab½n GgÁkarCaeRcIn eRkABIRksYgnanarbs;rdæaPi)al cUlrYmtamvíFIepSg²KñaCaeRcInenAkñúg karelIkkMBs;BaNiC¢kmµ. GgÁkarTaMgenaHrYmman RkumRbwkSa sßab½nsþg;dar nigsßab½nniy½tkmµepSgeTot FnaKar nigRKwHsßanhirBaØvtßúepSgeTot smaKmGñkplit Rkumh‘unnaMcUlnignaMecj sPaBaNiC¢kmµ nig]sSahkmµ. tamFmµta GgÁkarTaMgenH TaMgCasßab½nrdæaPi)al nigminEmnrdæaPi)al KYrEteFVIkarbMeBjKñaeTAvíjeTAmk dUecñHKYr EtbegáItbriyakas EdlenAkñúgenaH BaNiC¢kmµkñúgRsuk nigGnþrCati nwgrIklUtlas; ehIyRkumh‘unnaMcUlnignaMecj nwgTTYl)anesvakmµcaM)ac;nanasRmab;KaMRTBaNiC¢kmµ.

kñúgcMeNamRKwHsßansMxan;²bMputTaMgenH KW naykdæaneXasnaBaNiC¢kmµ (TPO). enHCanaykdæanmYy EdlCaGgÁPaB b¤ EpñkmYyénRksYgBaNiC¢kmµ (MoC)1. edayminKitGMBIrcnasm<½n§énRKwHsßanenH TPO man naTICasßab½nbegÁalmYysRmab;GPivDÆn_skmµPaBCRmujkarnaMecjrbs;km<úCa. kareFVICatMNagBaNiC¢kmµ KWCa EpñkmYyénskmµPaBTaMgenH. 2

tamFmµta muxgarsñÚlrbs; TPO KWCamCÆmNÐlB½t’manGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ EdlmanlT§PaBTTYl)an B½t’man nigplitplGMBITIpSar EdlRkumh‘unnaMecjnanaRtUvkarCacaM)ac;. B½t’maneRkamTRmg;EbbenH RtUvEteFVI bc©úb,nñPaBCaeTogTat; nigRtUvEtbMeBjbEnßmedaykarbBa©ÚlbEnßmesÞIrEtRbcaMnUvB½t’manEdlBak;B½n§mkBIbr eTs. elIsBIenH enAeBlEdl)aneFVIGtþsBaØaNTIpSarNamYyEdlGacmanlT§PaBeRbIR)as;)anehIyenaH Rkum h‘unnaMecj Etg)anTTYlkarKaMRTerog²xøÜn edIm,IeRbIR)as;TIpSar eRkamTRmg;CakarENnaMbec©keTsCabnþbnÞab; BIRbPBmYyEdlsßitenAkñúgTIpSarenaHedaypÞal;. 3 1 CeRmIsCMnYs GacCaGgÁPaBrdæEdlRbtibtþikarCalkçN³Bak;kNþalsVy½t b¤ sVy½tTaMgRsug b¤GacCaGgÁPaBmYyEdlTTYlmUlniFimYyEpñk b¤ TaMg RsugBIvís½yÉkCn. 2 kñúgkarGnuvtþCak;Esþg edaysarEtrebobEckrEmøkesvakmµBaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTsrbs;RbeTsmYy tamFmµtamanGgÁPaBcMbgcMnYnBIr EdleFVIkarBak; B½n§CamYykareFVICatMNagBaNiC¢kmµenAeRkARbeTs eBalKW RksYgEdlmanPar³TTYlxusRtUvelIeKalneya)ayrYmxagBaNiC¢kmµ EdlkñúgenaHmanm®nþI tMNagBaNiC¢kmµBIRksYgenaH b¤ Cam®nþIEdlRksYgenaHCYlmkBIeRkA nig TPO EdltamFmµtaCaGñkeFVIkarCRmujkic©karBaNiC¢kmµedaypÞal;. 3 karTTYlxusRtUvelIkarbegáIt[manTMnak;TMngRbcaMéf¶xagBaNiC¢kmµ nigkarCRmujkarnaMecjnigeFVIkargarCak;EsþgRbcaMéf¶kñúgTIpSarenAbreTs kan;Et RtUv)ankøayCabnÞúkrbs;m®nþItMNagBaNiC¢kmµpøÚvkarrbs;RbeTs. m®nþITaMgenaHKWCaEPñknigRcmuH rbs;TaMg TPO nigRkumh‘unnaMecjenAkñúgTIpSar.



2

GñktMNagBaNiC¢kmµ GacCam®nþIGaCIBxagBaNiC¢kmµ EdleFVIkarenAeRkARbeTssRmab;EtmuxtMENgmñak; b¤ BIrnak;Etb:ueNÑaH b¤ CasmaCíkénesvakmµbþÚrevnKña EdlGacRtUvcMNayeBlmYyPaKFMkñúgGaCÍBrbs;BYkeK enA kñúgRbeTsdéT. BYkeKGac)anTTYl b¤ Gacmin)anTTYlkarbNþúHbNþaleRcIn Edl)anerobcMRsbtamkmµvíFI. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday bTBiesaFn_bgðajfa TPOs Edl)anTTYleCaKC½ybMput KWCa TPOs Edl)anTTYlsÁal; muxnaTIenH faCamuxkarÉkeTsRbkbedayvíC¢aCÍv³x<s; nigeRKagRbtibtþikarrbs;xøÜnsmRsbtamenaHEdr. sßab½n TaMgenaHCYl nigbNþúHbNþalbuKÁlikEdlmansmtßPaBx<s;bMput nigbBa¢ÚnGñkTaMgenaHeTAeFVIkarenAkñúgTIpSarEdl )aneRCIserIs RsbeTAtamyuT§saRsþBaNiC¢kmµ nigkmµvíFI EdlbegáIteLIg)anl¥ RBmTaMgRKb;RKgskmµPaBrbs; BYkeKCab;Canic©CalkçN³RbB½n§ enAkñúgRkbx½NÐénkmµvíFICatielIkkMBs;BaNiC¢kmµrbs;BYkeK.

eTaHCay:agNak¾eday raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa (RGC) minmanlT§PaBkñúgkardak;GñktMNagBaNiC¢kmµ Edl )anTTYlkarbNþúHbNþal nigmanvíC¢aCÍv³ enAkñúgRKb;TIpSarEdlmanskþanuBlsRmab;plitplrbs;xøÜneLIy. enAkñúgkal³eTs³EbbenH raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCaRtUvEtBwgEp¥kelIGñktMNagepSgeTotrbs;Cati dUcCa m®nþIkarTUt edIm,IGnuvtþmuxnaTICaGñktMNagBaNiC¢kmµ eTAtamkRmitEdlkrNIykic©epSgeTotGacGnuBaØti[eFVIeTA)an. kUnesovePAenH nigrebobeRbIR)as; : kUnesovePAenH KWCaKMrUmYyEdl)anBIkarEksRmYlelI ITC/kUnesovePA

sRmab;GñktMNagpøÚvkarEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ4. kUnesovePAenHRtUv)aneroberogeLIg sRmab;GñkeRbIR)as;CaeRcIncMBUk nigepþatCasMxan;sRmab;GñktMNagBaNiC¢kmµ EdlFøab;)an b¤ eTIbRtUv)anEtgtaMg sRmab;eTATTYltMENgenA breTs EdlGacCaGñk)anTTYlkareRtomlkçN³RtwmbnþicbnþÜcEtb:ueNÑaH. kUnesovePAenH k¾sRmab;m®nþIEdl manbTBiesaFn_pgEdr EdlGaceRbIR)as;CaÉksareyag. kUnesovePAenH k¾sRmab;pþl;[m®nþIenAkñúgRbeTs pgEdr EdleFVIkarCamYyGñktMNagBaNiC¢kmµ nUvTsSnvís½yGMBIEpñkRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµ dUecñHvanwgpþl;Rbeya-Cn_dl;kargarrbs;GñkTaMgenaH. dUcKñaenHEdr vak¾Gacpþl;lT§PaBdl;m®nþIkarTUt EdlCYnkalRtUv)anesñIsMu[ bMeBjkic©karxagBaNiC¢kmµ edIm,IEsVgrkdMeNaHRsaycMeBaHsMNYrrbs;BYkeKpgEdr.

4 HANDBOOK FOR OFFICIAL TRADE REPRESENTATIVES, ITC, INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE UNCTAD/GATT, GENEVA, Reprinted 1993.



3

CMBUk1

m®nþItMNagBaNiC¢kmµ

k viC¢aCÍv³m®nþItMNagBaNiC¢kmµ Gs;ry³kalCayUrmkehIy muneBlEdleKcab;epþImTTYlsÁal;tMNagBaNiC¢kmµ faCavíC¢aCÍv³mYyBit R)akd EdlCakic©karRbkbedayeCaKC½y nigmanTMnak;TMngCavíC¢man CamYykareRCIserIsedayhµt;ct;taMgBIdMbUg nUvGñktMNagBaNiC¢kmµ kRmit nigmuxvíC¢aénkarGb;rMpøÚvkarsRmab;BYkeK nigkarbNþúHbNþalCMnajÉkeTs ry³ eBl nigPaBEbøk²Kña énbTBiesaFn_EdlBak;B½n§rbs;BYkeK nigKuNPaBénkarKaMRT EdlBYkeKTTYl)anBI TPO nig¼b¤ MoC enARkugPñMeBj.

eKmincaM)ac;KUsbBa¢ak;hYsehtueBkGMBI sar³sMxan;énskmµPaBBaNiC¢kmµRbkbedayeCaKC½y sRmab;Rb eTsmYy nigRbCaBlrdæénRbeTsenaHeT. karGPivDÆesdækic©énRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_esÞIrEtTaMgGs; BwgEp¥kelI kMeNInBaNiC¢kmµnaMecj 5 EdlbegáItkargareFVI nigbegáInsþg;darénkarrs;enA. kMeNInlkçxNÐénkarnaMcUl 6 Edl)anmkBIkarGPivDÆ mYyEpñkRtUvEtTTYl)ankarTUTat;CahirBaØvtßú EdlmanRbPBBIR)ak;cMNUlCarUbiyb½NÑ breTs Edl)anBIplcMNUlBIkarnaMecj nigkarvínieyaKTun. ebIKµankarBRgIkRbkbedaylkçN³DINamikelIkar naMecjenaHeT kMeNInesdækic©énRbeTsmYy esÞIrEtR)akdfanwgRtUvcuHGn;fy.

{Cakarc,as;Nas;fa eKalbMNgcMbgrbs;Gñk kñúgnamCam®nþItMNagBaNiC¢kmµ KWeFVIkar[)anl¥bMputtam EtGaceFVI)an edIm,IbegáInplcMeNjBIkarnaMecjrbs;RbeTskm<úCa enAkñúgn½yTUlaybMputénBaküenH}. minfakñúgtMENgCaGVIk¾eday eTaHCakñúgtMENgCasñgkarBaNiC¢kmµ GnuB½n§BaNiC¢kmµ b¤ rdæm®nþIRksYg BaNiC¢kmµk¾eday GñkTMngCamanGP½yÉksiT§iTaMgGs;xagkarTUt EdlRtUvkarCacaM)ac;sRmab;kargarrbs;Gñk. 5 “karRbkYtRbECgenAkñúgTIpSarelIBiPBelak.” karP½nþRcLMy:ageRcIn nigenACab;y:agyUrkñúgKMniténburs¼®sþI TUeTA KWfa RbeTsnanakMBugeFVIkarRbkYt RbECgCamYyKñaeTAvíjeTAmk tamrebobdUcEdlRkumh‘unnanaeFVIkarRbkYtRbECgKñadUecñaHEdr. cMNucsMxan;sßitenARtg;fa BaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati minEmnCa erOgRbkYtRbECgenaHeT vaCakarpøas;bþÚrplRbeyaCn_rvagKñaeTAvíjeTAmk. CamUldæan eKKYrEtKUsbBa¢ak;fa karnaMcUl b:uEnþminEmnkarnaMecjeT Edl CaeKalbMNgénBaNiC¢kmµ. eBalKW GVIEdlRbeTsmYyTTYl)anBIBaNiC¢kmµ KWCasmtßPaBkñúgkarnaMcUlvtßúnana EdlRbeTsenaHRtUvkar. karnaMecj minEmnCaeKalbMNgenAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµ b¤énBaNiC¢kmµenaHeT. tRmUvkarcaM)ac;edIm,IeFVIkarnaMecj KWCabnÞúkmYy EdlRbeTsmYyRtUvEtr:ab;rg edaysar Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁt;plitplnaMcUlenAkñúgRbeTsmYymanlkçN³keRmalCaxøaMg kñúgkarTamTar[mankarTUTat;. sUmGan P. Krugman, Pop Internationalism: What Do Undergraduate Need to Know about Trade, pp. 120 – 121 (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1999). 6 Ibid.



4

GP½yÉksiT§ienaH nwgpþl;[Gñk dUcEdlvaGacpþl;eTA[m®nþIkarTUtFmµtapgEdr kñúgkarbegáIt b¤ rkSaTMnak;TMngCa mYym®nþIénRbeTsCam©as;pÞH nigénRbeTsdéTeTotEdlmansßanTUt¼sßanebskmµkarTUtenAkñúgRbeTsenaH dl; kRmitx<s;bMput EdlsmRsbtamtMENgrbs;Gñk. GñknwgRtUveFVIkarTak;TgesÞIrEterogral;éf¶CamYyvís½yCaeRcInénesdækic©. bEnßmelImCÄdæankarTUtFmµta GñkRtUvEtyl;dwgGMBIbriyakasGaCÍvkmµ nighirBaØvtßúénEdndIrbs;Gñk. Gñknwgman»kasedIm,IeronsURtPasakñúg mUldæan sRmbxøÜneTAnwgRbéBNIkñúgmUldæan nigtamFmµta manGarmµN_fa karsñak;enAkñúgRbeTsdéT k¾dUcCa enAkñúgRbeTsrbs;xøÜndUecñaHEdr.

x kic©karrbs;m®nþItMNagBaNiC¢kmµ kargarrbs;GñknwgmansPaBmmajwk saMjaMu niglM)ak. vaTak;TgRtwmminEtCamYyplitpl muxTMnij vís½yTIpSar cMBUkGñkTij CMnajRKb;RKgkargarTIpSar b¤ kargarÉkeTsEtb:ueNÑaHenaHeT. GñkRtUvEtEsVgrk cMeNHdwgGMBITidæPaBCaeRcInénskmµPaBGaCÍvkmµ. GñkRtUvEtEsVgyl;GMBIc,ab; eKalneya)ay nigbTb,BaØtþi nanarbs;rdæaPi)al TaMgenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa nigenAkñúgRbeTsCam©as;pÞHpgEdr. GñkRtUvEtmanTsSnvís½yenAkñúg kargarBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati (WTO, kic©RBmeRBogBaNiC¢kmµeTVPaKI nigBhuPaKI .l.¦ nigmaRtananaénc,ab; BaNiC¢kmµpgEdr.

edayehtufa yUr²mþg GñkRtUvEtEsVgrk»kasxagBaNiC¢kmµ nigeFVIGtþsBaØaNTIpSarsRmab;muxTMnij plitpl nigesvakmµCak;lak; GñkRtUvEtEsVgyl;GMBIbec©keTsénkarRsavRCavGMBITIpSar nigTMnak;TMngrvag bNþajTIpSar. karyl;dwglMGitGMBIplitplrbs;Gñk nigGñkplitTMnijTaMgenaH nwgpþl;RbeyaCn_dl;Gñk.

GñkRtUvEtGaceFVIGtþsBaØaNninñakarBIGtItkal bc©úb,nñ nigGnaKt nigvaytémøGMBI]bsKÁcMeBaHBaNiC¢ kmµ Edlman\T§iBlmkelIkm<úCa. GñkRtUvEtBinitüemIl nigRbkan;x¢ab;nUvkic©karEbbenaH faCar)ayrUbvnþGnþr-Cati ¬esvakmµbBa¢ÚnTMnij karkMNt;éføbBa¢ÚnTMnij¦ lkçxNÐhirBaØb,Tan nigTidæPaBdéTeToténkarsRmYldl; BaNiC¢kmµ. GñkRtUvEteronsURt nigyl;dwgGMBIÉksarnaMecj nigbec©ks½BÞ karevcx©b; karkMNt;éføedIm nig éføesvakmµ sRmab;karnaMecj nigkarEktRmUvplitpl nigTTYlsÁal;GMBIsar³sMxan;énkarRtYtBinitüKuNPaB.

GñkTMngCaRtUvedIrtYenAkñúgkarbegáIteKalneya)ayBaNiC¢kmµ. eKalneya)ay EdlpSMedaykarvínicä½y Rbkbedaykaryl;dwgCamun EdlRtUveFVIeLIgenAsßab½nfñak;x<s;bMputrbs;rdæaPi)al KWCalT§plEdl)anBIkarvay témøedayRbugRby½tñBIRbPBCaeRcInrab;minGs; nUvB½t’manEdl)anvíPaKedIm,IbMeBjeKalbMNg. kñúgnamCabuKÁl EdlTTYlPar³kic©enAnwgkEnøg GñkKWCaRbPBbzménB½t’manenH EdlTak;TgnwgEdndIrbs;Gñk. dUecñH eKrMBwgfa GñknwgrYmcMENk tamry³r)aykarN_CaeTogTat; nigbeNþaHGasnñ eTAkñúgkarvaytémøGMBIeKalneya)ayBaNiC¢ kmµ nigyuT§saRsþnaMecjrbs;RbeTseyIg Edlkñúgn½yenHGñknwgRtUvEtdwgGMBIrebobcat;Ecg nigsresrGtßbT



5

nanaEbbenH. kñúgnamCam®nþItMNagBaNiC¢kmµ eCaKC½yrbs;Gñknwgbgðaj[eXIjc,as; EdlGaRs½yelIkic©pþÜcepþÍm rbs;Gñk nigfamBl nigkmøaMgcitþ EdlGñknaMmkbBa©Úlkñúgkic©kard¾FMrbs;Gñk. GñkKYrEtKitKUrCaRbcaMGMBIvíFIfµÍ² kñúgkardak;plitplBIRbeTsrbs;eyIgeTAkñúgTIpSar. cUrkMuGgÁúyenAEtkñúgkariyal½y. cUrGñkecjeTAxageRkA nigniyayrkmnusSsMxan;² dUcCa GñkTij nigGñkeFVIesckþIseRmcnanaepSgeTotenAkñúgTIpSar. enAkñúgkareXas naBaNiC¢kmµ eCaKC½yrbs;Gñk TMngCamanPaBRcasKña eFobnwgPaKcMENkéneBlevlaEdlGñkcMNayedIm,IeFVI karenAkñúgkariyal½yrbs;Gñk.

TIbMput enAkñúgTMnak;TMngEbbvíC¢aCÍv³rbs;GñkCamYyGñkdéT cUreKarBnUvGVIEdlCakarebþCJaTaMgGs;rbs;Gñk nighamk,t;kareCOTukcitþrbs;GñkdéT. GñkRtUvEtbegáIt nigrkSakitþiys RbkbedayvícarNjaN edIm,I[man TMnukcitþdac;xat nigRbkbedayvíC¢aCÍv³ nigsucritPaBkñúgnamCabuKÁlmñak;.



DRAFT 11/28/2004

CMBUk2

BiFIkarxagpøÚvTUt skmµPaBeFVICatMNag

nigbBaðaPasa

k BiFIkarxagpøÚvTUt tamFmµta BiFIkar KWCanItivíFIpøÚvkarCalMdab;lMeday EdlmanPaBxusEbøkKñaBIRbeTsmYyeTARbeTsmYy eTot. TMnak;TMngrbs;GñkCamYym®nþInanaenAkñúgebskkmµrbs;Gñk nwgRtUvkMNt;edaybTdæanEdl)anbegáIteLIg rbs;RbeTsGñk GMBIzannþrskþi nigzananuRkmrbs;Gñk. TMnak;TMngrbs;GñkCamYysmaCíknanaénsßanebskkmµ epSgeTot m®nþIrdæaPi)alenAmUldæan nigsaFarNCn CasMxan; nwgRtUveFVIeTAtamRbéBNIenAmUldæan.

1> svnakardMbUg Tmøab;énkarENnaMxøÜnenAeBlmkdl; tamry³kareFVIsvnakarCapøÚvkar enAEtGnuvtþenAkñúgRbeTsxøH².

edaymankarCYyBIm®nþIBiFIkarenAkariyal½yrbs;Gñk GñkKYrEtdwgPøam²GMBITmøab;enAmUldæan EdlTak;Tgnwgkar CYbeFVIsvnakarCapøÚvkar nigeFVIeTAtamTRmg;EbbbTEdlTTYlyk)anPøam² enAeRkayeBlmkdl;. karCYbsvna karCapøÚvkarmanry³eBlxøI nigCameFüa)ayd¾manRbsiT§iPaBsRmab;begáItTMnak;TMngEdlmanRbeyaCn_ CamYy smPaKIrbs;GñkenAkñúgsßanebskkmµepSgeTot nigCamYym®nþInanaenAmUldæan. BYkeKTMngCaGacCYy)aneRcIn enAeBlBYkeKsÁal;GñkedaypÞal; tamry³TMnak;TMngCamitþPaB. 2> Tmøab;BImunmk

eRkABIkarKitKUrCaFmµtaGMBIBiFIkar Tmøab;BImunmkRsbtamtMENg GacCaTRmg;hµt;ct;bMputénBiFIkar EdlGñkRtUvEtdwg. vaCaRbkarEdlBak;B½n§enAkñúgRKb;BiFInana kñúgkarcUlCYbsvnakar nigBiFIbdisNæarkic© CaBiess enAkñúgkarerobcMcat;EcgkEnøgGgÁúy. RbsinebIGñkCam®nþICan;Tab RbkarlM)akmYyEdlGñkRtUvRbQm enAkñúgTIRkugFM² KWTRmg;kartwgEtgénBiFIkareTAtamzananuRkm. tMENgxagkarTUtrbs;GñkNamñak; KWCaktþa kMNt;nUvkRmitcat;Ecgkar nigrebobR)aRs½yTak;Tgrbs;buKÁlenaH. RbEhlCamanm®nþICan;TabCaeRcInrynak; EdlGac)anRtwmEtniyayeTAkan;m®nþICan;TabepSgeTot b¤CamYyGñkEdlmantMENgesµIKña enAkñúgrdæaPi)al mUldæan. CaTUTA ]bsKÁdUcKñaenHekItmanenAtamRKb;lMdab;fñak;eLIgeTAelI rhUtdl;m®nþIfñak;x<s;bMputenAkñúg sßanebskkmµkarTUtnana. Tmøab;GnuvtþEdlKµanPaBbt;Ebn GacCakarraMgsÞHy:agF¶n;F¶rcMeBaHskmµPaBxøH²



7

rbs;Gñk enAkñúgRbeTsxøH. eBlcg;CYbbuKÁlxøHkñúgrdæaPi)alenAmUldæan b¤ enAkñúgsßanebskkmµmYyepSgeTot GñkRbEhlCaRtUvCYbtamry³GñkdéTeTotCaeRcIn. sUm,IEteFVIEbbenHehIyk¾eday GñkGacenAEtmin)ancUlCYb CamYymnusSEdlGñkmanbMNgCYbeLIy.

x skmµPaBeFVICatMNag1> eKalbMNg

skmµPaBeFVICatMNag KWCaTidæPaBcMbgmYyénkarTTYlxusRtUvxagTMnak;TMngsaFarN³ nigénTMnak;TMng rbs;GñkCamYymnusS nigsßab½nnana EdlsMxan;cMeBaHkargarrbs;Gñk. cUreRtomlkçN³edIm,IeFVICam©as;kmµvíFI nig edIm,IcUlrYmenAkñúgBiFIpøÚvkar nigminpøÚvkar EdlmaneKalbMNgdUcteTA³

1>1 edIm,IbegáIt rkSa nigEklm¥TMnak;TMngrbs;GñkCamYyrdæaPi)al vís½yCMnYj enAkñúgEdndIEdlGñkkan; tMENg kñúgbMNgTTYl)anB½t’man eyabl; nigkarCYy]btßmÖKaMRT.

1>2 edIm,IkarBarkitþiysrbs;km<úCa kñúgnamCaRbeTsGñknaMecjEdlGacTukcitþ)an elIKuNPaBmuxTMnij plitpl nigesvakmµ kñúgnamCaédKUBaNiC¢kmµEdlGacTukcitþ)an CaRbeTsEdlmanPaBTak;Taj sRmab;karcUlmkTsSna nigCaeKaledAEdlmansnþisux manPaBrak;Tak; nigpþl;plcMeNjsRmab; karvínieyaKbreTs.

1>3 edIm,Ipøas;bþÚrB½t’manEdlmanRbeyaCn_GMBIBaNiC¢kmµ nigB½t’manepSg²eTot nigbegáIncMeNHdwg nigkar yl;dwgrbs;Gñk GMBIbriyakasenAmUldæansRmab;kareXasnaCRmujBaNiC¢kmµ nigkarseRmc)annUv eKalbMNgCapøÚvkardéTeTot. nig

1>4 ENnaMdl;RkumBaNiC¢kr nigm®nþIpøÚvkarBIRbeTsrbs;xøÜn dl;BaNiC¢krsMxan;²enAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk.

2> RbePTskmµPaB cUrbegáItTMnak;TMngkargarCamYym®nþIBak;B½n§énrdæaPi)al GñkCMnYj nigmnusSsMxan;²epSgeTot enAkñúg

EdndIrbs;Gñk tamry³karcUlrYm TaMgenAkñúgkic©kartamvíC¢aCÍv³ nigCalkçN³buKÁl. manvíFIxus²KñaCaeRcIn sRmab;begáItsm<½n§PaBEbbenH edayGaRs½yelIsþg;darxagsgÁmenAkñúgEdndIenaH. cUrelIkEpnkarerobcMkar kMsanþ nigskmµPaBdéTeTotrbs;Gñk sRmab;kareFVICatMNag. RbePT niglkçN³énkarkMsanþ manPaBxusKñaBI RbeTsmYy eTARbeTsepSgmYyeTot b:uEnþCaTUeTA eRcInEtmanTRmg;CaBiFIbdisNæarkic© karbeRmIePsC¢³xukefl karbBa©aMgExSPaBynþ .l. Gaharéf¶Rtg; GahareBll¶ac nigBiFIkMsanþminpøÚvkartamkarGeBa¢IjPøam². kñúg krNIenH RtUvykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHRbéBNIenAmUldæan Tmøab; niglkçN³resIb. KYrepJIb½NÑvnÞnakar dl;mnusS sMxan;² edayeFVIeTAtamTmøab;enAmUldæan nigRtUvykcitþTukdak;pgEdrcMeBaHRbéBNIénBIFI Edlmansar³sMxan; sRmab;mnusSnana enAkñúgEdndIéntMENgrbs;Gñk.



8

3> TMnas;plRbeyaCn_ eKalkarN_TUeTAdUcKña EdlGñkGacGnuvtþcMeBaHkarcat;EcgNamYydéTeTot k¾Gacbgá[manTMnas;pl

RbeyaCn_pgEdr. TMnas;plRbeyaCn_maneRcInxøaMgNas; EdlminGacGFib,ayenATIenH)aneT. b:uEnþCaeKalkar N_ GñkBMuKYrcUlrYm b¤ bgðajBIbMNgcUlrYmenAkñúgskmµPaBNamYysRmab;plRbeyaCn_pÞal;xøÜnrbs;Gñk Edlmin mansgÁtiPaBCamYykarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñk kñúgnamCatMNagEdl)anTTYlsiT§iBIraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCaeLIy.

Cak;Esþg GñkminKYrcUlrYmenAkñúgskmµPaBNamYyEdlbgá[xatbg;CaeRcInnUveBlevla nigkmøaMgrbs; Gñk b¤ EdlskmµPaBTaMgenaHGacqøúHbBa©aMgBIPaBéføfñÚr b¤ CMhrrbs;esvakmµbreTsrbs;km<úCa. elIsBIenH lkçxNÐénsiT§irbs;GñkenAcMeBaHmuxrdæaPi)alrbs;RbeTsCam©as;pÞH tamFmµtaminrab;bBa©ÚlkarBak;B½n§rbs;Gñk enAkñúgskmµPaBNamYyEdlminmanlkçN³RsbKñaCamYyzananuRkmrbs;GñkeLIy.

K Pasa

Pasa KWCameFüa)aybzmrbs;GñkedIm,ITTYl)an nigbBa¢Ún cMeNHdwg. edaysarGñksßitenAkñúgkargar EdlRbmUlpþMú nigcgRkgB½t’manGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ nigkarR)aRs½yTak;TgB½t’manTaMgenaHCamYyGñkdéTeTot sMdI nig Pasa KWCa]bkrN_Cak;Esþgénkic©karBaNiC¢kmµrbs;Gñk. edaysarGñkRtUvcMNayeBleRcInenAeRkARbeTs Gñkk¾ GacTTYlsÁal;fa GñkRtUvkarCacaM)ac;nUcMeNHdwgxagPasabreTsmYy b¤ eRcInpgEdr.



9

CMBUk 3

TMnak;TMngCamYyshKmn_ GñknaMecjénRbeTseyIg

k GarmÖkfa

enAkñúgEkvEPñkrbs;Rkumh‘unnaMecjenAkm<úCa rUbGñkKWCaGñkCMnajkarxagBaNiC¢kmµenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk ehIyGñknwgRtUveKsYrCajwkjab;nUvB½t’manCMnajxagBaNiC¢kmµ. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday GñkKYrEteFVIxøÜn minRtwm EtCaGñkCMnajkarsRmab;karBieRKaHeyabl;enAkñúgeBlEdlman»kasEbbenHenaHeT Gñkk¾RtUvEtCakmøaMgskmµ RKb;eBlpgEdr EdleFVIkarCaGcié®nþy_kñúgnamkm<úCa nigkñúgnamRkumh‘unnaMecjénRbeTsenHenAkñúgTIpSar. {Gñk sßitenAkñúgkic©karCMnajxagBaNiC¢kmµ}. enAkñúgkarRbmUlB½t’man GñkRtUvEtBRgIkbNþajrbs;Gñk[)anFM tamEt GaceFVIeTA)an. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday munnwgbBa¢ÚnB½t’maneTAdl;GñkeRbIR)as; GñkRtUvEttRmwm EksRmYl viPaK segçb b:uEnþminRtUveFVI[)at;bg;xøwmsaredImrbs;vaeLIy. GñkKYrEtsYr nigrMlwkxøÜnÉgCaRbcaMnUvsMNYrnana ³ {etIGVI xøHEdlsMxan; b¤ manRbeyaCn_?} nig {etIplRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkNaEdlTMngCanwgRtUvbg;xat RbsinebI ´xkxan minGacpþl;B½t’manenH)anTan;eBlevla?}7

ebIbRgÜm[gayyl; tYnaTIrbs;GñkkñúgkareXasnaCRmujkarnaMecj GacGFib,ay)andUcteTA ³ sÁal;plitpl¼esvakmµénRbeTsrbs;eyIg ³ RtUveronsURtRKb;y:agtamEtGñkGaceFVIeTA)an GMBIplit

plnaMecjCak;Esþg nigskþanuBlnaMecjénRbeTsrbs;eyIg nigrkSacMeNHdwgenH[Tan;sPaBkarN_.

sÁal;TIpSarrbs;Gñk ³ eronsURtGMBIGVITaMgGs;EdlGñkGaceFVI)an GMBIsMNMulkçN³énEdndIrbs;eyIg nig rkSacMeNHdwgenH[)anTan;sPaBkarN_. nig

dwgGMBIGVIEdlBak;B½n§kñúgkarnaMykplitpl nigTIpSar[mkCYbKña.

x sÁal;plitpl¼esvakmµrbs;Gñk GñkRtUvEsVgrkcMeNHdwgGMBIplitpl nigesvakmµ EdlRbeTsrbs;eyIgRtUvpþl; tamviFImYycMnYn. TImYy

dUcEdlFøab;)ancat;Ecgeday TPO b¤ MoC GñkKYrEt)aneFVITsSnkic©mYyelIk ehIyRbsinebIminTan;)aneFVIEbb enHeT GñkRtUvEtTamTar[)aneFVITsSnkic©mYyelIk enAtam]sSahkmµ mCÄmNÐlksikmµ¼varIvb,kmµ kEnøgEkécñ

7 eKKYrEtcgcaMGMBIkarmkdl; nigkarsayPayénbec©kvíTüaB½t’man nigGIunFWNit B½t’mancas;hYssm½y bgáeRKaHfñak;eRcInCagKµanB½t’man.



10

plitplksikmµ nigvís½yesdækic©epSg²eTot munnwgGñkRtUveTATTYltMENgenHenAbreTs. TIBIr GñkGacdwg nig eFVIbc©úb,nñPaB nUvcMeNHdwgGMBIsmtßPaBrbs;Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;¼plitkrenAkñúgRbeTsrbs;eyIg tamry³karGegát Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;¼plitkrCaeTogTat;. karRbmUl nigrkSaTukkRmgTinñn½yGMBIB½t’manTaMgenH KWCakarTTYlxusRtUv rbs; TPO nig¼b¤ MOC EdlKYrEtpþl;B½t’man[GñkCaRbcaMGMBIGVIEdlman. karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñk KW eron sURtGMBIÉksarEdlGñk)anTTYl edIm,IkøayxøÜnCaGñkCMnajkarelIGVIEdlmanenAkñúgRbeTsrbs;eyIgsRmab;karnaM ecj edIm,Icg¥úlbgðajnUvGVIEdlGñkGackøayCaTIRbwkSaelIkarpÁt;pÁg;dl;Rkumh‘unnaMcUl.

TsSnkic©mYyEdl)aneRKagTuk enAtamkEnøgnanaénshRKas nigRkumh‘unnaMecjeRCIserIsmYycMnYn EdltMNag[TidæPaBxus²KñaénsmtßPaBpÁt;pÁg;rbs;RbeTs nwgGac[Gñk ³

CYbCamYyplitkredaypÞal; edIm,IeronsURtGMBIplitpl nigkarlM)ak nigkgVl;EdlTak;Tgnwgkarlk; EsVgyl;edayxøÜnÉgpÞal; GMBIplitpl nigesvakmµ EdlRbeTseyIgRtUvpþl; nig

begáItCamUldæanRKwHy:agrwgmaMsRmab;ksagTMnak;TMngeTAGnaKténTMnukcitþeTAvíjeTAmk nigkareCOCak; elIRkumh‘unnaMecjrbs;eyIg.

eRkayeBlGñkTTYltMENg)anmYyry³mk RbsinebImanFnFansmlµm karvílRtLb;rbs;GñkmkRbeTs eyIgvíj manRbeyaCn_Nas; edIm,ITsSna nigcUlrYmsþab;)afkfanana EdleFVIedaym®nþIsmRsbenA MoC nig¼b¤ TPO. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday ebIGñkGaceFVIeTA)an RbkarsMxan;bMput KWkarcUlrYmTsSnavis½ynaMecj edIm,I pþÜcepþÍm nig bMeBjbEnßmnUvkarrab;GanCamYyGñkCMnYjnana nigedIm,IBiPakSaCamYyBYkeK GMBIkgVl;Cak;lak;xag TIpSar nigkarRbQmnanaenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. cUrnaMmkRbeTsxøÜn[)anRKb;RKan;nUvkMNt;ehtunana GMBIbBaða Cak;;lak; nig»kasxagBaNiC¢kmµ EdlrUbGñknwgBiPakSaCamYyGñkCMnYjTaMgenaH. eKKYrEtcat;Ecg[manTsSn kic©dUcKñaenHpgEdr enAeRkaybBa©b;ebskkmµkñúgtMENgenAeRkARbeTs enAeBlEdleFVIkarbgðajCalkçN³buKÁl nigCaRkum dl;GñkCMnYj EdlmancMNab;GarmµN_edayELkelITIpSarnana EdlrUbGñkFøab;TTYlxusRtUv. elIsBI enH RbsinebIGñkRtUvbnþeTATTYltMENgenAkEnøgepSgeTot GñkKYrcat;Ecg[manTsSnkic©CamYyRkumh‘unnaMecj edIm,ITTYl)anB½t’man GMBIcMNab;GarmµN_rbs;BYkeKelITIpSarnana EdlGñknwgRtUvTTYlxusRtUvenAkñúgeBld¾xøI xagmux.

karbnþGPivDÆn_TMnak;TMngenH KYrEtCakic©karmYykñúgcMeNamkic©karsMxan;bMputnana nigKµanTIbBa©b;.

K sÁal;TIpSarrbs;Gñk

kareXasnaedIm,ICRmujkarnaMecj Bak;B½n§CamYyvís½ycMbgcMnYnbYnénskmµPaB. vís½yTaMgbYnsuT§Et TamTar[mancMeNHdwghµt;ct;GMBITIpSarnanaEdlGñkTTYlxusRtUvkñúgkarGPivDÆ. vís½yénskmµPaBTaMgenHman BiPakSaxageRkam.



11

1> kareFVIGtþsBaØaN»kasBaNiC¢kmµCak;lak; taMgBIeBlcab;epþIm GñkRtUvEteFVIGtþsBaØaN nigeFVIkarGegátTIpSarCak;lak;sRmab;plitpl TMnij nig

esvakmµ sRmab;karnaMecjBIRbeTseyIg nigBinitüemIl»kaseFVIBaNiC¢kmµ. enHmann½yfa GñkRtUvEtEsVgrkCa RbcaMnUv»kasEbbenH GMBIédKUBaNiC¢kmµnigGMBIB½t’manTIpSar. bnÞab;mk GñkRtUvEtbkRsaynUvGVIEdlGñkrkeXIj edIm,IeFVIGtþsBaØaNGVIEdlBak;B½n§CamYylT§PaBsRmab;karnaMecjrbs;RbeTseyIg nigmanRbeyaCn_ sRmab;Ba-NiC¢kr nigm®nþInana. TIbMput GñkRtUvEtEckpSayrbkKMehIjEbbenHGMBIkic©karBaNiC¢kmµ eTAdl;vís½y¼GñknaM ecjEdlBak;B½n§ [)anqab;rh½stamEtGaceFVI)an nigtamTRmg;EdlGaceFVI[BYKeKcab;epþImeFVIskmµPaB)an.

2> kareFVIGtþsBaØaN]bsKÁenAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµ GñkGacrkeXIjTIpSarmYysRmab;plitplmYy b:uEnþenHminEmnmann½yfa Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;¼Rkumh‘unnaM

ecjrbs;eyIg manesrIPaBkñúgkareRbIR)as;TIpSarenaHedaysV½yRbvtþieLIy. cUreFVIkarvaytémø[)anhµt;ct;nUv B½t’manrbs;Gñk munnwgbBa¢ÚnCaRbjab;eTA[GñknaMecjrbs;eyIg. kRmitBn§x<s;GacraMgsáat;karcUleTAkñúgTIpSar enaH ]bsKÁeRkABIBn§Ky dUcCa kUta karcat;EcgelIkarGnueRKaH nigkardak;kMhitelIctþaLIs½k lkçN³bec©keTs xagkarevcx©b; niglkçxNÐxagkardak;søaksBaØa GaclubbM)at; b¤ Cakardak;kMhitF¶n;F¶rmkelIkarrMBwgTukxag TIpSar.

enAeBlman]bsKÁEbbenH nigCaBiess RbsinebI]bsKÁTaMgenHTMngCaerIseGIgRbqaMgnwgplitplrbs; Rkumh‘unnaMecjBIRbeTseyIg eFobnwgplitplBIRbeTsepogeTot GñkGacRtUvpþÜcepþÍm tamry³ TPO b¤ MoC [mansMeNImYyEdlRtUveFVIskmµPaBtamry³dMeNaHRsaykarTUt edIm,Icrca[mankarykcitþTukdak;)anRtwmRtUv nigedaysmFm’. GñkRtUvEtRbugeCIgkarCanic©kñúgkarBinitüemIllT§PaBEbbenH nigeRtomlkçN³Camun edIm,IeFVI GnþraKmn_caM)ac;tamrebobenH.

3> kartamdanktþadéTeTotEdlman\T§ilmkelIBaNiC¢kmµ sUm,IEtenAeBlGackþab;)anTIpSarenaHehIyk¾eday eKcaM)ac;RtUvEtsRmYldl;kareRbIR)as;TIpSar.

cUrBinitüCajwkjab;nUvkic©karEbbenH dUcCa esvakmµbBa¢ÚnTMnij GRtaéføQñÜlelIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij lkçxNÐhirBaØ b,Tan nigRbFanbTEdlTak;Tg EdlCab;CamYykarrMBwgTukenAmUldæan b¤Tmøab;GnuvtþCaGnþrCati. cUreFVIkartam danpgEdr [)anCítsñiT§tamEtGñkGaceFVI)an nUvskmµPaB nigyuT§saRsþnanarbs;édKURbECgnana. kic©karCa eRcInGaceronsURt)an edaysegátemIlfaetIGñkdéTedaHRsayEbbNaCamYyPaBRbQmnanaEdlGñkCYbRbTH.

4> kareXasnaedIm,ICRmujkarlk;dUr enAeBlGñkmanplitplEdlmanKuNPaBsmRsb niglT§PaBkñúgkareRbIR)as;TIpSarehIyenaH GñkRtUv

Etcat;víFankar edIm,IbRBa¢ab nigcab;ykTIpSar[)aneRcInbMputeTAtamsmtßPaBrbs;Gñk. GñkcaM)ac;RtUvEtKit



12

KUrGMBIyuT§saRsþsmRsbbMputxagTIpSaredIm,IbegáItCaGtibrmanUvPaBTTYlyk)anénplitplenAkñúgTIpSarenaH. GñkRtUvEtGnuvtþkic©pþÜcepþÍm nigCYyenAkñúgskmµPaBEbbenaH dUcCa kareRCIserIs nigkarcUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢ kmµ karerobcMdak;taMgbgðajsRmab;lk; nigkareXasnaCRmujkarlk;ray ENnaMePJóvCaBaNiC¢kr nig ebskkmµ énRkumBaNiC¢krmkBIRbeTsrbs;eyIg karEføg)azkfadl;RkumGñkmancMNab;GarmµN_ eFVIkarCamYybNþaj pSBVpSayB½t’man nigTMnak;TMngsaFarN³ rkSakarbBa¢ÚnB½t’manbec©keTsxagBaNiC¢kmµ[)anTan;eBlevla nig CYyGñkCMnYjkñúgmUldæan enAkñúgkaredaHRsaykarRbQm nig»kasxagBaNiC¢kmµrbs;BYkeK edIm,IEklm¥TMnak; BaNiC¢kmµrbs;BYkeKCamYyRbeTsrbs;eyIg.

X dwgfakarnaMykplitplnigTIpSarmkCYbKñaBak;B½n§nwgGVIxøH

edIm,I[BitCamansmtßPaBkñúgkarnaMykplitpl nigTIpSar ¬Gñklk; nigGñkTij¦ [mkCYbKña GñkRtUv EtmancMeNHdwgCamUldæanmYy GMBIRbFanbTCaeRcIn nigmanlT§PaBTTYl)anPøam²nUvRbPBÉksar nigB½t’man nana. ]TahrN_ GñkRtUvEtyl;GMBI ³

dMeNIrkarTMnak;TMngxagTIpSar bec©keTsEsVgrkTIpSar bNþajTIpSar nigbNþajEckcay

tYnaTI nigmuxgarénPñak;garxus²Kña karR)aRs½yTak;TgxagTIpSar karpSBVpSayCasaFarN³GMBIBaNiC¢kmµ BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ nigkardak;taMgbgðaj

karerobcMÉksar nigbec©ks½BÞTak;TgnwgkarnaMcUl¼karnaMecj

\NTan nigsMNMuÉksar kic©snüalk; nigRbkarnanaénc,ab;BaNiC¢kmµ karRtYtBinitüKuNPaB nigsþg;darénkarnaMecj¼karnaMcUl

lkçxNÐénkarevcx©b; sRmab;karbBa¢ÚnTMnij nigkareXasnaCRmujTIpSarnaMecj¼naMcUl nig

karkMNt;éføedIm nigéføesvakmµsRmab;karnaMecj¼naMcUl.

RbsinebIGñkcg;TTYl)aneCaKC½yenAkñúgkic©karrbs;Gñk kñúgkarnaMykplitpl nigTIpSarmkCYbKña Gñk RtUvEtTTYlsÁal;fa eTaHbIGñkmankarcab;GarmµN_ nigfamBlkRmitNak¾eday tRmUvkareBlevlarbs;GñkTMng CamankRmitFMCagGVIEdlGñkGacbMeBjeTA)an. RbkarenHmansar³sMxan;Nas; CaBiessenAkñúgebskkmµtUcmYy EdlGñkGaceFVIkarEtÉg b¤ Gñkmanm®nþICMnYykarRtwmEtmYycMnYntUcEtb:ueNÑaHsRmab;kargarBaNiC¢kmµTaMgmUl.



13

cUrrkSaTukkMNt;RtaGMBIkarcMNayeBlevlarbs;Gñk

eKalbMNgrbs;GñkKYrEtmanPaBCak;Esþg. RbsinebIGñkcab;epþImenAkñúgvís½yfµÍmYyénTIpSar GñknwgRtUv

cab;epþImedayBinitüemIlplitpl nigesvakmµCaeRcInmux EdlmansRmab;karnaMecjBIRbeTseyIg. cUrBicarNa edayRbugRby½tñGMBIplitpl¼esvakmµsMxan;². cUreFVIkarkMNt;GaTiPaBsRmab;karRsavRCav EdlEp¥kelIkarvíni- cä½yl¥bMputrbs;Gñk nigGMBIbTbBa¢a¼karENnaMNamYy EdlGñkGacman Tak;Tgnwgsar³sMxan;eFobrbs;Gñk .

TPO b¤ MoC mansmtßPaBRbesIrbMput edIm,IeFVIkarRsavRCavgay²GMBIkic©karTaMgenH nigKYrEtGacpþl;[GñknUv eKalkarN_ENnaMsmRsbGMBIvís½ynanaénplitplEdlGacnwgpþl;eCaKC½ysRmab;GñkeFVIkaresIubGegát. bnÞab; mk cUrBinitütRmUvkarelITIpSarsRmab;plitplnImYy²TaMgenaH edayeFVIkarvaytémøktþanana dUcCa ³

kareRbIR)as;enAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk

brimaNplitplnaMcUl¼naMecj

RbePT nigRbPBénkarRbkYtRbECgBIbreTs

bNþajTIpSar nigbNþajEckcaysRmab;plitpl¼esvakmµenaH ninñakarkMeNInénkareRbIR)as;enAkñúgRbeTsCam©as;pÞH esNarIy:Ul¥¼GaRkk;bMputEdlTMngCaekItecjBIkarGPivDÆEdlrMBwgTuk

karrMBwgTukGMBIkarelIkTwkcitþ[mantRmUvkar nig

kRmitfµÍ² b¤ xus²Kñaénplitpl

bnÞab;mk cUrvíPaKktþacMbgnana Edlman\T§iBlmkelITIpSarsRmab;plitplenaH nigRbsiT§iPaBén cMNat;karrbs;Gñk. GñkGacRbTHkarlM)akedIm,Ikþab;[)anTIpSar nig¼b¤ karEckcay b¤ PaBcaM)ac;[man karelIkTwkcitþedIm,IbegáIntRmUvkar tamry³kareRbIR)as;CeRmIsbec©keTspSBVpSaymYycMnYn.

dMeNIrkarenHnwgnbegáIt[mantaragxøImYyénplitpleRCIserIs EdlGñkGacb:unb:geXasnaedayman esckþIsgÇwmkñúgkRmitsmrmümYyénkarTTYleCaKC½y. cUrcat;vaCalMdab;CafµÍeLIgvíj edayEp¥kelImUldæanén PvnIyPaBénkRmiteCaKC½yenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. cUrBicarNaTaMgGMBIplitpl nigskmµPaBCak;lak; EdlCabMNgeXasnarbs;Gñk. tRmUvkar[manEpnkarEbbenH KWCaRbkarCak;EsþgEdlTak;TgCamYyBiBN’ BaNiC¢kmµ nig kartaMgbgðaj EdlCaRbFanbTmYysRmab;karBicarNaenAxagcugénkUnesovePAenH.



14

CMBUk4

EsVgyl;GMBIEdndIrbs;Gñk

smtßPaBrbs;GñkkñúgkarEsVgrkcMeNHdwgsIuCeRmAGMBITIpSarrbs;Gñk nwgKµantémøeT RbsinebIGñkminbBa¢Ún cMeNHdwgenH[)anqab;eTAkñúgédrbs;GñknaMecj EdlRtUvkarvaCabnÞan; nigédrbs;GñkdéTeTot EdlGacmanlT§ PaBeRbIR)as;va. CMBUkenHsgát;F¶n;elIsar³sMxan;énkarbegáItTMnak;TMngpÞal;xøÜnenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. CMBUkTI 5 KitKUrGMBIRbB½n§ÉksarnanasþIBIbec©keTsBaNiC¢kmµ. RbPBTaMgenH CaBiesskñúgTRmg;CabNÑal½ytUc² nigEdl manÉksareRCIserIsBak;B½n§bMputCamYyBaNiC¢kmµenAkñúgkariyal½yrbs;Gñk mansar³sMxan;Nas;kñúgkarpþl;[ GñknUvsavtaEdlGñknwgRtUvkarsRmab;karesIubGegátNamYy EdlGñkGacnwgeFVI b¤ RtUveRbIR)as;CamUldæansRmab; raykarN_. CMBUkTI 6 BiPakSakareFVIesckþIraykarN_CaTUeTAGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ. CMBUkTI 7 pSMedaysMeNICaeRcIn sRmab;sMéceBlevla nigkmøaMgkay eTAelIkarerobcMr)aykarN_BhubMNg. dUcEdlmanbgáb;Gtßn½ytamry³ cMNgeCÍgénCMBUkenH r)aykarN_TaMgenHRtUvEteroberogeLIgCamun nige)aHBum<CaeRcInc,ab; edIm,IGacEckcay eTAtamtRmUvkar nigenAeBlcaM)ac; dUcCa enAeBlEdlrUbGñkmanePJóvCaGñkCMnYj b¤ ebskkmµBaNiC¢krmkBI RbeTskMeNIt b¤ enAeBlGñkerobcMr)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM nig¼r)aykarN_beNþaHGasnñ.

Cakarc,as;Nas; vaCaRbkarcaM)ac;sRmab;GñkkñúgkarsikSaTIpSarrbs;Gñk tamvíFIEdlhµt;ct; nigCalkçN³ RbB½n§ Pøam²tamEtGaceFVI)an enAeRkayeBlmkkan;tMENgrbs;xøÜn. kic©karenHKYrEteFVI)anl¥ tamry³kar Gegátgay²GMBIsßanPaBrbs;RbeTs. 8

k karGegátgay²GMBIsßanPaBrbs;RbeTsenHGacCaÉksarsMxan;bMputsRmab;Gñk edIm,IerobcM b¤ sikSa. vanwgCYyseRmceKalbMNgsMxan;²Ca

eRcIn minRtwmEtCamUldæanRKwHsRmab;kargarrbs;Gñkb:ueNÑaHeT. vaKYrEtbUksrubB½t’manesdækic© nigBaNiC¢kmµ Edlmansar³sMxan;sRmab; mnusSEdlmancMNab;GarmµN_enAkñúgkarbegáIt[manTMnak;TMngBaNiC¢kmµ CamYy EdndIrbs;Gñk. kñúgnamCaÉksarsavtalMGitmYy vaKYrEtmanB½t’mansMxan;²GMBIbc©úb,nñPaBénTidæPaBesdækic© rbs;RbeTsmYy b¤ RbeTsnanaenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk eRkamTRmg;EdlxøI nigpSMedayTinñn½ysßiti eBalKW B½t’man EdlTak;TgedaypÞal;eTAnwgplRbeyaCn_xagBaNiC¢kmµénvís½ynaMecjrbs;eyIg nigrdæaPi)al. 8 Cakarl¥ KYrEteFVIeLIgenAmunkarecjdMeNIrrbs;GñkeTATTYltMENgenAbreTs. r)aykarN_GMBIRbeTsCaeRcIn GacTTYl)anBIGgÁkarGnþrCati dUcCa: ITC, UNCTAD, WTO, WB, nig IMF .l.



15

RbsinebIkarGegátGMBIsßanPaBénRbeTsmYyRtUv)anGñkmunerobcMrYcehIy 9 cUreFVI[R)akdfa ÉksarenaH

RtUv)aneFVIbc©úb,nñPaBsRmab;karmkdl;rbs;Gñk. enAeBlkarecjdMeNIrrbs;GñkQanmkdl; GñkKYrEtbgðajGMBI kic©kardUcKñaenHsRmab;Gñksñg edaybnSl;TuknUvr)aykarN_bc©úb,nñPaBénkarGegátGMBIRbeTsenaH.

pÞúyeTAvíj RbsinebIkarGegátGMBIsßanPaBénRbeTsmYyenABMuTan;)aneFVIenAeLIyeT cUreroberogmYy[ )anqab; tamEtGaceFVIeTA)an. karGegátenaHnwgmannaTICa ³

ÉksareyagEdlmanCaeRsc sRmab;pþl;B½t’mancaM)ac;sRmab;kargarRbcaMéf¶rbs;Gñk .

EpñkEdlmanTinñn½ysresrrYcCaeRscsRmab;karbgðaj Edlpþl;CacMENkmYyénB½t’mancaM)ac;sRmab; erobcMÉksarbgðajxøI EdlGñkRtUvdak;bBa©ÚlKñasRmab;ePJóvCaGñkCMnYjmkBIRbeTseyIg.

ÉksarmKÁúeTsk_sRmab;m®nþIrbs;RbeTsenaH EdlTTYlxusRtUvelIkarGPivDÆBaNiC¢kmµ nigTMnak;TMng BaNiC¢kmµ CamYyRbeTsCam©as;pÞH EdlCakEnøgGñkTTYlsiT§icat;EcgkargarenH . nig

Rkbx½NÐCak;lak;sRmab;r)aykarN_rbs;Gñk sþIBIkarERbRbYl nigkarGPivDÆnanaenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk.

tarageyagEdlmanenAkñúg]bsm<½n§ 1 bgðajBIkic©karEdlGñkRtUvEtBinitüeLIgvíj. cUrkMuRbmUlB½t’man sRmab;EtkarRbmUlB½t’man. GñkGacemIleXIjfa cMNgeCIgCaeRcIn mansMbUrhYsBItRmUvkar ehIyGñkGacRtUv kar[mancMNgeCIgdéTeTot EdlenABMumankñúgtaragenH. mUldæanRKwHEtmYyKt;rbs;Gñk sRmab;kMNt;matikaén r)aykarN_rbs;Gñk KYrEtCaeKalbMNgxagBaNiC¢kmµ EdlCaeKaledApþl;esvakmµénr)aykarN_enH. cUr sresrRbeyaKrbs;Gñk[c,as;las; gayyl; ehIyvaküxNÐnImYy²xøI niggayGan. cUrsresrEtkarBitsMxan; ²b:ueNÑaH. taragTinñn½ysßiti RtUvEtmanTRmg;gay nigcuHbBa¢ak;RbPB nigkalbriecäTsRmab;ral;ÉksarEdl)an dkRsg;. bEmøgxñatTm¶n; rgVas; nig tYelx eTAtamxñatEdlmaneRbIR)as;enAkm<úCa. KUsbBa¢ak;ninñakarnana. enA eBlGñkpþl;Tinñn½ysßiti cUrbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;fa etITinñn½yTaMgenaHRtUv)ancat;fñak;enAeRkamcMNat;fñak;sþg;dar BaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati cMNat;fñak;taragBn§KyTIRkugRb‘usEsl ¬sRmab;cMNat;fñak;énRkumRbwkSashRbtibtþikar Pñak;garKy¦ b¤ RbB½n§epSgeTotEdrb¤eT.

karGegátmYyEbbenH minGacTan;sPaBkarN_TaMgRsugenaHeLIy edaysarsßanPaBenABIeRkayvtþman Tinñn½ysßiti nigB½t’manepSgeTot elIsBIenH mankarpøas;bþÚrCajwkjab;éneKalneya)ayrbs;rdæaPi)al bTbBa¢a lkçxNÐBaNiC¢kmµ nigkarGPivDÆesdækic©TUeTA. GñkRtUveFVIesckþIraykarN_dac;edayELkmYy GMBIkarpøas;bþÚrTaMg enaHenAkñúgRBwtþikarN_NamYy. RbsinebIGñkdak;c,ab;cmøgénr)aykarN_EbbenHTaMgGs;CamYyÉksaremGMBIkar GegátsßanPaBénRbeTs GñkgayRsYlkñúgkareFVIbc©úb,nñPaBelIkarGegátenaH EdlKYrEteFVIeLIgy:agehacNas; mþgkñúgmYyqñaM b¤ enAeBlmankaresñIsMuBIRkugPñMeBj. 9 Ibid.



16

x cMNucTak;TgBiess²

tamBit manehtuplCaeRcInéRkElgEdltRmUv[begáItcMNucTak;TgxagBaNiC¢kmµ. CaTUeTA kic©kar rbs;Gñk rab;bBa©ÚlTaMg karbegáItcMNgTak;TgCamYybuKÁlnana EdlmanCMhrsmRsbbMputkñúgkar ³

pþl;[GñknUvB½t’manbec©keTssMxan;²GMBIBaNiC¢kmµ nig

eFVIkarseRmc b¤ [GñkdéTeFVIkarseRmc EdlKaMRTdl;eKalbMNgénTMnak;TMngTIpSarrbs;Gñk.

kñúgeBlEdlGñkEtgEtebIkcMh nigbgðajBIkarrab;Gan enAkñúgTMnak;TMngrbs;GñkCamYymnusSdéT nig )anTTYlkarENnaMy:ageRcIn[BRgIkbNþajTMnak;TMngrbs;Gñk[FMTUlaytamEtGaceFVIeTA)an GñkRtUvEtbegáIt TMnak;TMngBiessCamYybuKÁlmYycMnYnpgEdr. GñkKYrEtbegáIt[mancMNgTak;TgBiessCamYymnusSnana Edl mancMeNHdwgedayELkGMBITidæPaBTaMgGs; b¤TidæPaBCak;lak;nanaénTIpSar. cMNucTak;TgEbbenHGackøayCa RbPBpþl;karRbwkSaeRkApøÚvkard¾mantémøGMBIRKb;bBaðaTaMgGs;xagTIpSar. sUm,IenAeBlBYkeKminpþl;B½t’manEdl Gñkcg;)ank¾eday Cajwkjab; BYkeKmanlT§PaBkñúgkarTTYl)anB½t’manEbbenaH b¤ ENnaMGñkeTArkRbPBB½t’man enaH.

TMnak;TMngCítsñiT§CamYy y:agehacNas;cMNucTak;TgEdlmankaryl;dwgeRcIn mantémøedayELk enA kñúgRbeTstUcmYy EdlenAkñúgRbeTsenaH eKalneya)ay nig EbbbTkñúgkarTij GacxusEbøky:ageRcIn BIGVIEdl manRbkas[eRbIR)as;CapøÚvkar.

K RbPBB½t’man

GaRs½yelItMENg niglkçN³sMxan;²énkic©karrbs;Gñk GñkKYrEtcat;EcgkñúgkareRbIR)as;RbPBB½t’man xøH² b¤ TaMgGs;dUcteTA.

GñkTijFM²TaMgGs; GñkTijEdlGacman\T§iBl nigGñkeRbIR)as;plitplrbs;RbeTseyIg. GñkTaMgenaH rab;bBa©Úl Pñak;gar nigRkumh‘unnaMcUl nigRkumGñklk;rayFM² .

FnaKarkNþal .

RKwHsßanÉkCnEdlpþl;esvakmµFnaKar EdlrYmTaMg FnaKarGPivDÆn_pgEdr.

Rkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún nigpþl;esvaFanar:ab;rg .

QµÜjkNþalEdlpþl;esvakmµ Tak;Tgnwgkic©karBn§Ky nigGñkbBa¢ÚnTMnij.

TIRbwkSaEdleFVIkarelIkarRsavRCavGMBITIpSar karpSBVpSayBaNiC¢kmµ nigkareXasnalk;.

sPaBaNiC¢kmµ.

smaKm]sSahkmµ .



17

RbB½n§pSBVpSay TaMgRbB½n§pSBVpSayEdlmanCMnajÉkeTs nigTUeTA.

RksYgnanarbs;rdæaPi)al EdlBak;B½n§nwgkic©karnana dUcCa ³ - BaNiC¢kmµ nig]sSahkmµ - FnaKar nighirBaØvtßú - kargar - karGPivDÆesdækic© - famBl

- lT§kmµrbs;rdæaPi)al

- ksikmµ nig

- karbreTs.

GaCJaFrTTYlxusRtUvelI : - karRtYtBinitüKuNPaB

- Bn§Ky

- kMBg;Ep nigcMNtnava - XøaMg nigkardwkCBa¢Ún

- ):atg; nig nikçtþsBaØaBaNiC¢kmµ - bmaNIykmµ nig

- mCÄtþvínicä½y.

niyayedayxøI buKÁl Rkum b¤ TIPñak;garnImYy² ÉkCn b¤ saFarN³ EdlmanTMnak;TMngNamYyCamYy skmµPaBesdækic© b¤BaNiC¢kmµ b¤mYyedaypÞal; b¤mYyRbeyal suT§EtGacCacMNucTak;TgpøÚvkarnigkic©karCMnYj. cUrkMNt;mCÄdæanCak;;lak;énskmµPaBrbs;sßab½n b¤ Rkumh‘unCaeKaledAnImYy². cUreFVI[R)akdfa GñkEsVgyl; )anhµt;ct;GMBIlkçxNÐkargarrbs;BYkeK TIkEnøgrbs;BYkeKenAkñúgbNþajvtßúnanaenAmUldæan. cUrBinitüemIl faetI GñkNaenAkñúgsßab½nnImYy² CamnusSsMxan;cMeBaHrUbGñk enAkñúgkareXasnaBaNiC¢kmµ. m®nþICan;x<s;bMput b¤ m®nþI Edlmanzan³sMebIm eRcInEtminEmnCabuKÁlEdleFVIkarseRmc EdlBak;B½n§CamYyGñkeLIy.

RbPBB½t’man d¾mantémøepSgeTot KW ³

GñktMNagénRkumh‘unnaMecjsBVéf¶enH RbsinebIman

GñktMNagBaNiC¢kmµénRbeTsdéT

køwbGñkCMnYj nigsmaKmGñkmanvíC¢aCÍv³ Rkumh‘uneTscrN_ Pñak;gareTscrN_ nigm®nþIRkumh‘unGakascrN_ nig



18

mnusSenAkñúgRbeTseyIg EdlCaEpñkmYyénshKmBaNiC¢krkñúgRsuk.

TMnak;TMng EdlGñkRtUvEtbegáIt[manCamYybuKÁlCam©as;Rsuk GacmanRbsiT§iPaBx<s;. cUrRbwgERbg Cab;CaRbcaMedIm,ICYbCamYymnusSfµÍ²enAkñúgRKb;vís½yénskmµPaB EdlGacBak;B½n§CamYykargarrbs;Gñk. cUrBüa yamkøayCasmaCíkénkøwbBaNiC¢kr nigGgÁPaBvíC¢aCÍv³epSgeTot EdlmanplRbeyaCn_Tak;TgCamYyGñk. rkSa ral;namb½NÑ. vaKWCaCMnYykard¾manRbeyaCn_enAkñúgkarbegáIt nigrkSacMNgTak;Tg.

rkSaesovePAkMNt;ehtuRbcaMéf¶ edIm,Ikt;RtaTukral;kic©karEdl)aneRKagTuk dUcCa karNat;CYb karRbCMu karEføgsnÞrkfa nigRBwtþikarN_saFarN³ karBak;B½n§enAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ ebskkmµ TsSnacr nigskmµ PaBnanaRsedogKñaenH. kMNt;ehtuRbcaMéf¶enHk¾GacykeTAeRbIR)as; CaRbB½n§{bBa¢ÚneTAmux} gaymYypgEdr sRmab;CYyrMlwkeLIgvíjnUvÉksarNamYy GMBIRBwtþikarN_enAéf¶NamYy.

X )azkfaenAkñúgTIsaFarN³

TIRkugCaeRcInmankøwb smaKm sPaBaNiC¢kmµ nigRkumEdlmancMNab;GarmµN_Biess EdlsuT§Etman tRmUvkarCabnþbnÞab; [manvaKµinenAkñúgkarRbCMuEdlP¢ab;CamYykarBisarGaharéf¶Rtg; nigl¶ac. RkumTaMgenaHCa eRcIn mancMNab;GarmµN_elIkic©karGnþrCati nigBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati. smaCíkrbs;BYkeK rYmman buKÁlsMxan;²enA kñúgshKm emdwknaMsBVéf¶ b¤ emdwknaMeTAGnaKtenAkñúgvís½yedayELkerog²xøÜn EdlmanskþanuBlCacMNucTak; Tgd¾mantémøsRmab;Gñk. cUrsikSaGMBIRkumEbbenH. tamEtGaceFVI)an cUrsikSaGMBIskmµPaBrbs;BYkeK EdlGac edaHRsayRbFanbTEdlTMngbMputfaCaTIcMNab;GarmµN_rbs;Gñk.

g karkMsanþ

karkMsanþCavíFIsMxan;mYysRmab;begáItTMnak;TMng

karBisarGaharl¶acenApÞH sRmab;buKÁleRCIserIsmYycMnYn GacmanRbsiT§iPaBbMputkñúgkarbegáItGakb, kiriyaEdlGacTTYlyknUvTsSn³ nigeKaledArbs;Gñk nigEklm¥)aneRcInnUvkarrMBwgTukrbs;Gñk kñúgkarTTYl)an B½t’manbec©keTsTIpSarBIGñkenAmCÄdæanxagkñúg GMBIkarGPivDÆ nigninñakarenAmUldæan. BiFICb;elogkukeflenA pÞH KWCavíFIsmRsbmYy edIm,IENnaMdl;ePJóvenAkñúgsßanebskkmµnana [sÁal;mnusSCaeRcInenAmUldæan kareFVI[ sÁal;Kña)anPøam² nigkareFVIbdisNæarkic©KñaeTAvíjeTAmk. karkMsanþenAxageRkAGaceFVI)an eRkamTRmg;CaCYb RbCMu RBmCamYykarjaMuGaharéf¶Rtg; enAePaCnIydæan b¤ køwbsmRsbnana.



19

CMBUk5

cMeNHdwgGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ

enAkñúgkareXasnaCRmujkarnaMecj rUbGñkmanskmµPaBcMbg²cMnYnbYn EdlskmµPaBnImYy²suT§Etman karTamTarkRmitx<s;nUvcMeNHdwglMGitGMBITIpSarEdlsßiteRkamkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñk. skmµPaBTaMgenaHKW ³

kareFVIGtþsBaØaN»kasCak;lak;sRmab;BaNiC¢kmµ kareFVIGtþsBaØaN]bsKÁxagBaNiC¢kmµ kartamdanktþaepSg²eTot Edlman\T§iBlmkelIBaNiC¢kmµ nig

kareXasnalk;TMnij plitpl nigesvakmµnana.

edIm,IeFVIkic©karNamYykñúgcMeNamkargarTaMgenH GñkRtUvEtGac ³ vaytémøfaetIplitCak;lak;NamYynwgGaclk;)antamrebobNa eBalKW etImanTIpSarsRmab;vab¤eT?

bBa¢ÜneTA[GñknaMecj )anc,as;las;nigRtwmRtUv GMBIkarrkeXIjrbs;Gñk sþIBIkarrMBwgTukxagTIpSar sRmab; plitplrbs;BYkeK nig

pþl;karENnaMdl;BYkeKGMBICMhanEdlBYkeKRtUvGnuvtþedIm,IeRbIR)as;»kasTIpSarEdlGñk)anlatRtdag.

k etIcMeNHdwgGMBITIpSarKWCaGVI?cMeNHdwgGMBITIpSar pSMedaykarRbmUlpþMú kardak;bBa©ÚlKña kartamdan nigkarvíPaKB½t’manBaNiC¢kmµ sþIBI

TIpSarEdlmanskþanuBlsRmab; nigRbtibtþikarxagTIpSarEdlTak;TgeTAnwgplitplnana nigkarbkRsay nig pSBVpSayB½t’manTaMgenaH sRmab;ENnaMdl;Rkumh‘unnaMecjrbs;eyIg.

karbegáItcMeNHdwgGMBITIpSar Bak;B½n§nwgdMeNIrkarcMnYnbYnKW ³ kar):an;RbmaNGMBITIpSar b¤ skþanuBlsRmab;karlk;enAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk sRmab;plitplnaMecjCak;

lak; edayEp¥kelImUldæanénkarRsavRCav EdlCaEpñkmYyénkic©karenH karEsVgrkRbPB vaytémø nigbkRsayTinñn½yBaNiC¢kmµEdlBak;B½n§ nigB½t’manGMBITIpSar ¬karlM)ak

kñúgkareRbIR)as;TIpSar bNþajEckcay .l.¦

karvíPaKGMBIkarRbkYtRbECgenAkñúgmUldæan nigGnþrCati lkçxNÐTUeTAénTIpSar nigeKalCMhrrbs;Rkum h‘unnaMecj EdlmanenAkñúgTIpSarenaHrYceTAehIy nig



20

vaytémøvíFInanaEdlGaceRbIR)as;)an edIm,Ilk;plitplTaMgenaHedayeCaKC½yenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk.

GñkmanTMnak;TMngBiessmYyCamYyRkumh‘unnaMecjrbs;eyIg. bEnßmelIkkarkøayCaRbPBbzm nig EdlGacTukcitþ)anbMputéncMeNHdwgxagBaNiC¢kmµ rUbGñkedIrtYnaTICaGnþrkarI rvagBYkeK nigCnbreTsEdlCaGñk TijenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. GñknwgRtUvkar[mancMeNHdwgsMxan;²GMBITIpSar RbsinebIGñkRtUvedIrtYnaTI[manRbsiT§i PaB nig Edlpþl;pl.

b:uEnþ GñkRtUveFVIkic©kar[)aneRcIn edayminRKan;Etpþl;cemøIteTAtamkaresñIsMueyabl;xagTIpSarenaHeT. RtUvEtpþÜcepþImEsVgrk»kasfµÍ²sRmab;Rkumh‘unnaMecjrbs;RbeTskm<úCa.

x ÉksareyagCamUldæansþIBIkm<úCaÉksareyagCamUldæansRmab;karRsavRCavrbs;Gñk rYmman Tinñn½ysßitiGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ nigplitpl

karsikSaGMBI]sSahkmµ bBa¢IeQµaHnigTItaMgshRKas nigRkumh‘unnaMecj Éksarsßitiesdækic©RbcaMqñaM nigc,ab; b¤B½t’manGMBIkarRtYtBinitü nigkarecjlixitbBa¢ak;sRmab;karnaMecj GaCJab½NÑsRmab;karnaMecj karRtYtBinitü elIkarbþÚrR)ak; nigeKalneya)ayvínieyaK. ÉksarmKÁúeTsk_sRmab;GñkTij sþIBIplitplnaMecj nigÉksarGñk eTscr nwgGacCYyCabEnßm)anpgEdr.

K karcgRkgCaÉksarGMBIEdndIrbs;GñkRbPBbzméncMeNHdwgGMBIBaNiC¢kmµenAelIEdndIrbs;Gñk KYrEtCacMNucTak;Tgrbs;Gñk CamYybuKÁl

nanaEdlmancMeNHdwgenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday Gñkk¾RtUvEtmanÉksarRKb;RKan;GMBIEdndI rbs;Gñk k¾dUcCa ÉksarnanaBIPñMeBjpgEdr.

karhUrcUlmkénB½t’manEdl)ancuHpSayGMBIesdækic© nigBaNiC¢kmµ RtUvEtmanlkçN³TUlay nigTan; sPaBkarN_ edIm,IGac[GñktamdanninñakarfµÍ² segáteXIj»kasfµÍ² nigeFVIesckþIraykarN_GMBIral;karGPivDÆén plRbeyaCn_ enAeBlvaekItmaneLIg b¤ enAeBlEdlGñkrkeXIj»kasTaMgenaH. B½t’manEdlGñkRtUvkarCacaM )ac; RtUvEtmanrUcCaeRscsRmab;GñkeRbIR)as; RbsinebIGñkRtUveFVIkareqøIytb)anqab;rh½scMeBaHsMNYrmkBI RbeTsrbs;Gñk.

X karbegáItbNÑal½yBaNiC¢kmµmYy



21

bNÑal½ytUcmYy EdlbegáIteLIgRbkbedaykareRKagTuky:aghµt;ct; dMeNIrkar)anl¥ nigmanlkçN³ eRCIssRmab;EtÉksarBaNiC¢kmµ KWCadMeNaHRsayCak;EsþgmYy. GñknwgminGaceFVIEbbenH)anEtkñúgry³eBlxøI enaHeT b¤ vaminGacdMeNIrkar)anedayKµankarcat;EcgRtYtBinitüBIrUbGñk)anenaHeLIy. vanwgvívtþCabeNþIr² enA eBlEdlGñkeronsURt)anGMBIB½t’manEbbNaEdlGñkRtUvkarCacaM)ac; nigetIGñkmanRbPBNaxøH. enATUTaMgGMLúg eBlEdlGñkkan;tMENgenaH cUrykcitþTukdak;edIm,IFanafa ebIeTaHCabNÑal½yenaHtUcEbbNak¾eday vaRtUvEt )aneFVIbc©úb,nñPaB[Tan;sPaBkarN_ nigmanRbeyaCn_.

1> matika bNÑal½yrbs;GñkKYrEtmanÉksarTinñn½ysßitipøÚvkarGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ nigplitkmµ nigB½t’mansMxan;² GMBI

taragBn§Ky nigkarecjGaCJab½NÑnaMcUl nigbTb,BaØtþidéTeTot. GñkGacEsVgrkB½t’manTaMgenHBIsßab½nBak;B½n§ rbs;rdæaPi)alenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. GñkGacEsVgrkTinñn½yEdlmanRsab;BIsmaKm]sSahkmµ nigbec©keTs ÉksarnigRBwtþibRtB½t’man GMBIBaNiC¢kmµnighirBaØvtßú nigÉksarcuHpSayGMBIGgÁkarGnþrCatinana.10 esovePAray eQµaHBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ Edl)anerobcMeLIgenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk k¾manRbeyaCn_bMputpgEdr. cUrRbwgERbg[Gs; lT§PaBedIm,ITYYl)anÉksarTaMgenaH.

1>1 taragBn§Ky nigc,ab; nigbTb,BaØtþiepSg²eTot GñkBMucaM)ac;Büayamrk[)anÉksarTaMgGs;EdlTak;TgnwgB½t’manTaMgenHeLIy. CaFmµtavamaneRcInNas; nigsaMjaMupgEdr EdlmanEtGñkÉkeTsxagEpñkenHb:ueNÑaH eTIbGacbkRsay)an RbkbedaykRmitTukcitþ )anNamYy. cUreFVIkarGegáttamvíFIepSg²edIm,ITTYl)ancMNat;fñak;GMBIplitpl nigGRtaBn§ ¬b¤ karbg;éfø sareBIBn§déTeTot¦ EdlGacGnuvtþ)ancMeBaHmuxplitplnImYy². RbeTsxøHmancuHpSayGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ EdleFVI[karbkRsayRbkbedayPaBgayRsYlyl; sRmab;GñkKµanCMnajelIEpñkenH. RbPBTUeTAmYyén B½t’manenHKW QµÜjkNþalEdleFVIkarTak;TgCamYykic©karBn§Ky b¤ Pñak;garbBa¢ÚnTMnij EdlRKan;Gacpþl; B½t’mancaM)ac; RbEhlCaminKitéfø RbsinebIvaGacnaMeTArkkareFVICMnYjCamYyRkumh‘unnaMecjenAkñúgRbeTs edImrbs;Gñk. RbPBmYyepSgeTot KWGñkTij EdlmanbTBiesaFn_ry³eBlEvg GMBIkarykBn§KyelI plitpl¼esvakmµ EdlBak;B½n§. 11

1>2 víFankarRtYtBinitükarnaMcUl bNÑal½yBaNiC¢kmµrbs;Gñk KYrEtTTYl)anral;esckþICUndMNwgpøÚvkar EdlecjedayrdæaPi)al Tak;Tgnwg TMnijmkBIbreTs EdlcUlmkkñúgRbeTsCam©as;pÞH nig EdlRKbdNþb;RbFanbTnana dUcCa ³

1>2>1 karpþl;GaCJab½NÑsRmab;karnaMcUl

10 ITC, UNCTAD, ESCAP, WTO, WB, nig IMF .l. 11 eTaHCay:agNak¾eday RbPBB½t’manEtmYyKt;EdlTan;sPaBkarN_ nigEdlykCakar)an KWrdæ)alKypÞal;Etmþg. b:uEnþ GñkRtUvEtcaMfa karseRmc cugeRkay nwgeFVIeLIgEtenAeBlNaEdlTMnijRtUv)anbBa¢Úndl;kMBg;EpénRbeTsenaHEtb:ueNÑaH.



22

1>2>2 kUtasRmab;karnaMcUl

1>2>3 karnaMcUlEdlRtUvhamXat; 1>2>4 lT§kmµsRmab;karnaMcUl¼hirBaØvtßú 1>2>5 víFankarcaM)ac;déTeTot nig

1>2>6 karcat;EcgGnueRKaHxagBaNiC¢kmµ .

B½t’manenH mancuHpSayenAkñúgsarB½t’manpøÚvkarrbs;rdæaPi)al TsSnavdþI b¤ RBwtþibRtB½t’man EdlcuHpSay CapøÚvkarGMBIral;dMNwg nigbTb,BaØtþinana. RksYg¼naykdæanBak;B½n§ ¬eBalKW BaNiC¢kmµ nig¼b¤ hirBaØvtßú¦ GacecjRBwtþibRtB½t’manRbcaMEx b¤ RbcaMRtImas Edlpþl;karBnül;lMGitbEnßmeTotGMBIRbePTénvíFankarfµÍ² NamYy b¤ karpøas;bþÚrnana Edl)ancuHpSay. cUrrkSaTukÉksarTaMgBIrEbbenHenAkñúgbNÑal½yrbs;Gñk. 1>3 bTb,BaØtþiGMBIcMNIGahar nig»sf karRtYtBinitüsuxPaBstV nigrukçCati bTb,BaØtþísþIBIsuvtßiPaB

nigsþg;dar nigGMBIkardak;søak nigsBaØasMKal; kariyal½yrbs;Gñk KYrEtTTYl)anral;Éksare)aHBum<pSayCapøÚvkarTaMgGs; EdlRKbdNþb;víFankarTaMgenH EdlPaKeRcInGacecjedayRksYg¼naykdæanksikmµ b¤ RksYg¼naykdæansuxaPi)al. dUcCaB½t’mansþIBIBn§ KypgEdr B½t’manTaMgenHGacsaMjaMu nigTamTar[mankarbkRsayedayGñkCMnajkar. ]bsm<½n§ 2 sþIBI {cMNat;fñak;B½t’mansþIBIvíFankarRtYtBinitüBaNiC¢kmµ} KWCatarageyagsþIBIRbFanbTEdlGacmanEcgenAkñúg bTb,BaØtþirbs;rdæ extþ tMbn; b¤ mUldæan. 1>4 Tinñn½ysßitiGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ ]sSahkmµ nigTinñn½yesdækic©epSg²eTot GñkGacCavÉksarEdlmanTinñn½yTaMgenH tamry³kariyal½ysßitirbs;rdæaPi)al. cUreRCIserIsykEtGVIEdl sMxan;Etb:ueNÑaH edaysarCajwkjab; eKGacBieRKaHeyabl;elIRbePTCak;lak;énTinñn½ysßitenAtamRbPB edIm12 b¤enAtambNÑal½ysaFarN³ b¤ RKwHsßaneday\tKitéfø b¤ taméføkñúgkRmitGb,brma. 1>5 ÉksarecjpSayCapøÚvkar edaysßab½neRkABIrdæaPi)alkNþal rdæaPi)alenAfñak;rdæ extþ b¤ tMbn; eRcInEtmanc,ab; nigbTb,BaØtþierog²xøÜn Edlman\T§iBlmkelIkarnaMcUl CaBiess Tak;Tgnwg suxPaB suvtßiPaB nigvíFankardéTeTotsRmab;karBarGtifiCn. Tinñn½ysßitiEdlcuH pSayrbs;BYkeK k¾manRbeyaCn_pgEdrsRmab;karRsavRCavGMBITIpSar. 1>6 bNþajpSBVpSayB½t’man xageRkamenH KWCaÉksarcuHpSaynana EdlGñkKYrEtBinitü[)aneTogTat;.

1>6>1 sarB½t’manRbcaMéf¶. sarB½t’manl,I²enAkñúgRbeTs nigsarB½t’manCatiFM²xagEpñkCMnYj b¤ m:üagvíjeTot ÉksarecjpSayedayGnþrCati dUcCa sarB½t’man New York Times, Wall

Street Journal, nig Financial Times of London .l.

12 GiunFWNit KWCaRbPBl¥bMputsRmab;TTYl)anÉksare)aHBum<pSayTaMgenHxøH².



23

1>6>2 sarB½t’manRbcaMs)þah_. TsSnavdþIl,I²kñúgRsukEdlmancuHGMBIesdækic©¼CMnYj RbsinebIman nig¼b¤ sarB½t’manGnþrCatiRbcaMs)aþh_ dUcCa The Economist .

1>6>3 RBwtþibRtB½t’manRbcaMEx b¤ RbcaMRtImas EdlcuHGMBIRbFanbTtamÉkeTsnana dUcCa ³ 1>6>3>1 BaNiC¢kmµ 1>6>3>2 kic©karTIpSar 1>6>3>3 muxTMnij

1>6>3>4 ksikmµ 1>6>3>5 kardwkCBa¢Ún karbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamnava 1>6>3>6 KeRmagFM²

1>6>3>7 kargarFnaKar 1>6>3>8 kareFVIdMeNIr nig

1>6>3>9 cMNgcMNUlcitþrbs;GtifiCn cMNIGahar m:Ud nigeRKOgRbdab;eRbIR)as;tampÞH.

1>7 esovePAeQµaHnigGasydæanGMBIBaNiC¢kr¼GñkCMnYj TaMgenHKWCaesovePAeQµaHnigGasydæanBaNiC¢kr¼GñkCMnYjÉkeTs EdlmanenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk eday maneQµaHRkumh‘un b¤ GgÁkarnana enAtamvís½y dUcCa ³

1>7>1 kmµnþsalTUeTA 1>7>2 GñkplitcMNIGahar ¼ ]sSahkmµksikmµ 1>7>3 semøóbbMBak; ¼ m:Ud

1>7>4 kardwkCBa¢Ún ¼ karbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamnava 1>7>5 esvakmµFnaKar ¼ hirBaØvtßú 1>7>6 Rkumh‘unnaMcUl

1>7>7 Gñklk;dMu 1>7>8 GñkEckcay

1>7>9 Pñak;garpþl;esvakmµedIm,IykkéRmeCIgsar 1>7>10 Gñklk;ray GaKarlk;TMnij nigpSarTMenIb

1>7>11 karsagsg;¼Rkumh‘unem:Akar 1>7>12 Rkumh‘une)aHBum<pSay ¼pSBVpSayBaNiC¢kmµ nig

1>7>13 BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ ¼kartaMglk; 1>8 kare)aHBum<pSayrbs;smaKmsßab½n b¤ CMnYj



24

kariyal½yrbs;Gñk k¾GacCavÉksare)aHBum<pSayRbcaMqñaM b¤ ÉksardéTeTotecjedayRKwHsßanvíC¢aCÍv³ ¼ RKwHsßanRsavRCav b¤ CMnYj smaKm sPaBaNiC¢kmµ .l. pgEdr.

1>9 Éksare)aHBum<pSayedayRkumh‘un ¼víC¢aCÍv³ Rkumh‘unPaKeRcIn nwgpþl;r)aykarN_ nigRBwtþibRtcuHpSay b¤ TsSnavdþI tamkaresñIsMu. 1>10 karcuHbBa¢IRkumh‘unnaMecj kñúgcMeNamRbPBB½t’mansMxan;bMputBIPñMeBj KWbBa¢IpøÚvkarénRkumh‘unnaMecj RbsinebIman bMeBjbEnßmeday bBa¢ImuxplitplEdlnaMecjedayshRKasnana. erOgEdlGñkRtUvdwgmuneK munnwgGñkGaclk;GIVmYy KWGVI EdlGñkRtUvdak;lk; etIvaCaplitplGVI GñkNaplit RbsinebImansRmab;karnaMecj etIvamankñúgbrimaN b:uNÑa nig enAeBlNa. vaKYrEtCaGaTiPaBTImYyrbs; MoC nig TPO kñúgkarRbmUl B½t’manGMBIkarpÁt;pÁg;TaMgenH edIm,IbBa¢ÚneTAGñk [)anqab;tamEtGaceFVI)an nigeFVIbc©úb,nñPaBCaeTogTat;. kareFVIEbbenHnwgGac[GñkdwgRKb;eBl GMBIGVI Edlman edIm,IbBa¢ÚnsMNYrEdlTak;TgnwgBaNiC¢kmµedaypÞal;eTARkumh‘unnaMecjEdl)ancuHbBa¢Ikar nigedIm,I dak;CUnsMeNIpþl;rbs;BYkeK[)anmunKURbECgrbs;BYkeK. enAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati tamFmµta manEtsMeNI pÁt;pÁg;Edl)anTTYlmuneKb:ueNÑaH EdlQñHenAkñúgmuxCMnYj.

RbsinenARkugPñMeBjmankarcuHbBa¢IkarRkumh‘unnaMecj cUreFVI[R)akdfa kariyal½yrbs;Gñk manbBa¢I enaH nig)anTTYlkareFVIbc©úb,nñPaB. cUreRbIR)as;[)aneBjeljnUvBa¢IenaH CakareqøIytbeTAnwgsMNYr xagEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ BIRbeTsGñk nigenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk nigenAkñúgkarGnuvtþskmµPaBeXasnaplit plCak;lak;.

1>11 snÞsSn_Pñak;gar¼ GñktMNagenAmUldæan énRkumh‘unenAkm<úCa snÞsSn_enHKYrEtGacCYyGñk)anqab;rh½skñúgkarbegIátcMNucTak;TgrvagRkumh‘unEdlmanskþanuBlsRmab; karnaMecjrbs;Gñk enAkñúgRbeTseyIg nigPñak;gar b¤ tMNagenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. 1>12 esovePAeQµaHnigGasydæanmuxCMnYj bBa¢IeQµaHRkumh‘unnaMcUl nigRkumh‘unnaMecj cUrbegáIt nigrkSa[man tamRbePTmuxplitpl nUvbBa¢InanaéneQµaHRkumh‘unnaMcUl nigRkumh‘unnaMecjpÞal; enAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk edIm,IEckpSaytamsMeNI eTAdl;Rkumh‘unnaMecj b¤ Rkumh‘unnaMcUlenAkñúgRbeTsrbs; eyIg. cUrrkSabBa¢IenHedaycuHeQµaHeTAtamlMdab;GkçrRkménmuxplitpl. bBa¢IenHKYrEtepþatelIplitpl nana Edlkm<úCamansmtßPaBnaMecj b¤ tRmUvkarc,as;las;sRmab;karnaMcUl. cUrbegáItbBa¢IenHedayEp¥kelI sMeNIrpÞal;BIRkumh‘unnaMcUl nigRkumh‘unnaMecj k¾dUcCa B½t’manEdlTTYl)anBIesovePAeQµaH nigGasydæan BaNiC¢kmµ sPaBaNiC¢kmµ smaKmBaNiC¢kmµ buKÁlTMnak;TMngpÞal; .l. EktRmUv nigBRgIkbBa¢IenH tamkar caM)ac; nigkñúgeBlNamYy. cUreFVI[bBa¢IenHmanPaBCak;lak;tamEtGaceFVI)an edayeyageTAmuxplitpl



25

EdlmancuH. tamEtGaceFVI)an EbgEckbBa¢ICaEpñk eyagtamRbePTRkumh‘unnaMcUl dUcCa Gñklk;duM GKarlk;TMnij nigGñklk;ray.l. cUrpþl;c,ab;cmøgénbBa¢IEdl)aneFVIbc©úb,nñPaBrbs;GñkeTA[MoC nig

TPO edIm,IbBa¢ÚnbnþeTAkariyal½yRbcaMtMbn; RbsinebIman EdlTak;TgnwgmuxplitplEdlBak;B½n§. cUrpþl; nUvc,ab;cmøgEdl)anEksRmYl enAkñúgeBlsmRsb b:uEnþmin[yWtCagmþgkñúgmYyqñaM nigRbsinebIEdndIrbs; GñkRKbdNþb;RbeTsmYycMnYn13 cUrerobcMbBa¢Idac;edayELkeTAtamRbeTsnImYy² . 1>13 cuHbB¢aIGasydæanTak;Tgnana rkSaTukbBa¢IénGasydæanTak;Tgrbs;GñkÉkeTs nigbuKÁlnana. RtUverobcMbBa¢IGasydæanTak;Tgrbs;Gñk edayEp¥kelIkarRbmUlpþMúnamb½NÑ nigcat;EcgeTAtamGkçrRkm. cuHbEnßmB½t’‘manBak;B½n§GMBIbuKÁlmñak;²enA xagxñgénnamb½NÑ edIm,ICaCMnYysµartI. cUrrkSabBa¢IGasydæanTak;Tgdac;edayELksRmab;RbeTsnImYy² enAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. 1>14 B½t’manepSgeTotGMBIRkumh‘un cUrcgRkgCaesovePArayeQµaH r)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM bBa¢IéføTMnij nigsmÖar³ b¤ plitpl b¤ esvakmµepSg eTot rbs;Rkumh‘un b¤ GgÁkarnana enAdac;edayELkBImuxTMnij b¤ ]sSahkmµTUeTA eTAtamGkçrRkméneQµaH Rkumh‘un b¤GgÁkarenaH. edIm,IgayRsYlGanenAeBleRkay cUrdak;dac;BIKñanUveQµaHEdlGñkTTYl)anBIkñúg RbeTseyIg dac;BIeQµaHEdlTTYl)anenAkñúgmUldæan. ÉksarEbbenHKYrEtdkecj enAeBlEdlmankarbþÚrtY naTIfµÍ b¤enAeBlb:unµanqñaMeRkaymk. cUrrkSaTukesovePArayeQµaHTaMgenH b¤ kUnesovePAGMBImuxplitpl mYy b¤ BIrc,ab; sRmab;eyagenAeBleRkay. Eckcayc,ab;cmøgdéTeToteTAPñak;gar b¤ GñkTij b¤ dak; sRmab;eRbIR)as;tameKaledAEdleRKagTuk [)anqab;tamEtGaceFVI)an eRkayeBlEdl)anTTYl. cMNuc sMxan;mYyKW RtUvsÁal;GMBIB½t’manEdlGñkRbmUlTuk. RtUv{dwgxøH²}GMBIÉksarnImYy²EdlGñk)anTTYl eday cMNayeBlbnþicbnþÜcedIm,IGanesckþIepþIm nigGanÉksarTaMgmUledayRtYs². eFVIEbbenH GñknwgdwgGMBIGVIxøH EdlmanenAkñúgbNÑal½y nigkEnøgEdlGacrkeXIjB½t’manEdlGacRtUvkarCacaM)ac;.

2> RbB½n§RKb;RKgbNÑal½y Éksargay² KYrEtdak;enAkEnøgEdlgayykmkGan. RBwtþibRtB½t’man TsSnavdþIBaNiC¢kmµ nigÉksar

e)aHBum<xøH²epSgeTotCabEnßm EdlGñk)anTTYl Gacmantémø b:uEnþ RbsinebIvaeRcIneBkenaH vaGacbgábBaðaenA kñúgkarcat;Ecg. ÉksarxøHKYrEte)aHecalenAeBlmkdl;Pøam ÉksarxøHBIPñMeBj GacsmRsbsRmab;kartaMg bgðajenAkñúgkEnøgTTYlePJóv rhUtdl;eBlRtUvdUrecj edaysarmanc,ab;ecjfµÍ². ÉksarxøHeTotRtUvkar[cg RkgCadMu nigxøHeTotRtUvrkSaTukkñúgry³eBlmYyCak;lak;sRmab;kareFVICaÉksareyag.

kMNt;RtalMGit nigRbB½n§rkSaTuk minsUvCacaM)ac;b:unµaneT. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday RbsinebIÉksarEdl 13 dUcCa s>r>Ga shPaBGWr:ub nigGaemrikLaTIn.



26

TTYl)anmancMnYneRcIneBkenaH cUrerobcM[mansnÞsSn_matikasRmab;bNÑal½y. edaysarÉksare)aHBum<én RbePTEdl)anelIkesñI KWCa]bkrN_sMxan;sRmab;kargarrbs;Gñk cUrkMurkSaTukÉksarTaMgenaHenAkñúgkEnøgTTYl ePJóv. cUrerobcMÉksarTaMgenaHenAkñúgeFñIcMh edaydak;dac;edayELkBIKñaeTAtamRbeTs nigRbePTmuxTMnij. cUrcgcaMfa B½t’mancas;hYssm½yGacbgáeRKaHfñak;. Éksare)aHBum<mYycMnYntUcGacmantémøsRmab;eRbIR)as;Ca bnþenAeRkayeBldUrecj edaysarmanc,ab;ecjfµÍ². esovePA nigkarsikSaxøH² GacmantémøsRmab;kareRbIR)a s;CaÉksareyagsRmab;ry³eBlEvg b¤ CaGciéRnþy_ b:uEnþÉksarPaKeRcInhYssm½yElgeRbIkar)an ¬RbmaNCa 25° kñúgmYyqñaM¦ nigKYrEte)aHecal. cUrrkSaTukÉksarEdlmanTinñn½ysßiti b:uEnþ dUcCakarerobcMr)aykarN_xøH² pgEdr ]Ta³ karGegátGMBITIpSar TamTar[mankarvíPaKsßitisRmab;ry³eBlCaeRcInqñaM.

g B½t’manEdlmincgRkgCaÉksar manmeFüa)ayepSgeTotedIm,ITTYl)anB½t’manBaNiC¢kmµ EdlGac{minmankarcgRkgCaÉksar} tam

TRmg;dUcEdl)anBiPakSaxagelI. RbPBsMxan;bMputCabzmrbs;Gñk nigrhUtmkTl;eBlenH énB½t’manEdlmin )ancgRkgCaÉksarKW B½t’manpÞal;xøÜnGMBIeQµaHnigGasydæanmnusSEdlRtUvTak;Tg edayELkmnusSBiess².

c kMNt;Rta¼ÉksarB½t’manepSg²eTotRbkarsMxan; KWRtUvcat;CaRkum nigcgRkgCaÉksarnUvB½t’mansMxan;² EdlGñkTTYl)anenAkñúgeBlCYb

CamYymnusSnana nigkarRsavRCavRbcaMéf¶. ]TahrN_nana rYmman r)aykarN_e)aHBum< lixiteqøIyqøg nigsnøwk B½t’manEdldkRsg;ecjBIsarB½t’man b¤ BITsSnavdþI.

q kariyal½yeXasnakarnaMcUl KWCaRbPBB½t’man RbeTscMnYnRbmaN 25 EdlrYmTaMg PaKeRcInéntMbn;]sSahkmµpgEdrenaH rkSa[mankariyal½y

eXasnakarnaMcUl Edlpþl;CMnYyelIkarTMnak;TMngTIpSar dl;Rkumh‘unnaMecj enAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ nig RbeTsEdlmankarGPivDÆtictYc. criklkçN³ nigTMhMénCMnYyTaMgenaH xus²KñaBIGgÁkarmYy eTAGgÁkarmYyepSg eTot b:uEnþenAkñúgkrNICaeRcIn Gacrab;bBa©Úl ³

karpþl;eyabl;eTA[GñktMNagBaNiC¢kmµEdleTIbmkdl;fµÍ GMBIm®nþI nigsßab½nEdlKYrTak;Tg .

karpþl;B½t’mansßiti GMBIIpSarkñúgRbeTs B½t’manGMBIbTb,BaØtþi nignItivíFInaMcUl bBa¢IRkumh‘unnaMcUl Rkumh‘un Eckcay nigPñak;garnana nigB½t’manGMBI nigCMnYyelIkarcUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ .

karcUlrYmenAkñúgsikçasalaGMBITMnak;TMngTIpSar CaBiess Edl)anerobcMeLIgsRmab;tMNagBaNiC¢kmµ mkBIRbeTseCOnelOn . nig

cat;Ecg[mankarCYbCamYyshRKas nigkareFVITsSnkic©.



27

mCÄmNÐlBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati (ITC) ecjpSayRbcaMqñaM nUvesovePAEdlmaneQµaH nigGasydæan rbs;kariyal½yeXasnakarnaMcUl14 EdlTMngCaGacrkeXIjenAkñúgbNÑal½yrbs; MoC b¤ TPO. kñúgkrNIxøH vtþmankariyal½yEbbenHenAkñúgEdndIEdlCakEnøgGñkkan;tMENg nwgRtUvpSBVpSaydl;Gñk tamry³karCYbdMbUg rbs;Gñk CamYym®nþIrdæaPi)al. cUrKUsbBa¢ak;GMBIcMNucenHedIm,IrMlwkeLIgvíjGMBIkariyal½yeXasnakarnaMcUl [ )anqab;tamEtGaceFVI)an edIm,IGñkGacyl;dwg)anGMBIesva EdlGñkGaceRbIR)as;enAkñúgCMnYbdMbUgenH.

C Tinñn½yBaNiC¢kmµbreTstamRbB½n§kMuBüÚT½r

ITC pþl;[RksYgBaNiC¢kmµ b¤ TPOs enAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ nigRbeTsEdlmankarGPivDÆtictYc nUvTinñn½yBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCatikñúgRbB½n§kMuBüÚT½r kñúgbMNgCYyRbeTsTaMgenaHenAkñúgkarGnuvtþkargarRsavRCavrbs; xøÜn GMBITIpSarBiPBelak nigkñúgkarbegáItyuT§saRsþ nigGaTiPaBsRmab;elIkMBs;karnaMecjrbs;Cati. yuT§saRsþ nigGaTiPaBTaMgenH KWCaRkbx½NÐmYy EdlCamUldæansRmab;GñkEdlRtUveFVIkarenAÉbreTs. GñkKYrEtsMuB½t’man xøI²BI MoC nig TPO GMBIvísalPaB EdlRksYgenH b¤sßab½ndéTeTotenAPñMeBj GacBwgEp¥kelITinñn½ykñúgkMuBüÚT½r EdlGacmantamry³ ITC .

14 kariyal½yeXasnakarnaMecj ³ esovePAGasydæankariyal½yeXasnakarnaMecj nigGgÁkarRbhak;RbEhlKñaenH Edlpþl;CMnYyxagTIpSar dl;Rkumh‘unnaMecj enAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ .



DRAFT 11/28/2004

CMBUk 6

kareFVIesckþIraykarN_ GMBIBaNiC¢kmµ

kareFVIesckþIraykarN_GMBIBaNiC¢kmµ KWCakareLIgdl;kRmitx<s;bMputénskmµPaBRbmUlpþMúcMeNHdwgGMBI TIpSar. \LÚvenHkic©karrbs;GñkKWRtUvbBa¢ÚncMeNHdwgTaMgenaHeTA[GñkeRbIR)as;. kareFVIesckþIraykarN_GMBIBaNi C¢kmµ manBIrEbb ³

TImYy KWCar)aykarN_nanaEdlGñkpþÜcepþÍmeLIg ¬EdlKµanGñkNasYr¦ sþIBIBIRbFanbTnana enAeBl Edl»kas nigkarERbRbYlfµÍ²lkçxNÐnanaxagTIpSar sRmab;Rkumh‘unnaMecjrbs;eyIgkñúgkar eRbIR)as; TIpSarenaH. r)aykarN_TaMgenHrab;bBa©Úl r)aykarN_gay²GMBIsßanPaBénRbeTs karBinitüemIl sßanPaBTIpSar nigr)aykarN_déTeTotEdlsresrrYcTukCamunsRmab;BhubMNg15 nig

TIBIr sMedAelIr)aykarN_nana CakareqøIytbeTAnwgsMNYrGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ )anmkBI TPO nigshKmn_ GñknaMecj. karesIubsYrGMBIBaNiC¢kmµBIRbeTsrbs;Gñk nwgmanGFib,ayenAkñúgCMBUkTI 16. esckþI raykarN_GMBIBaNiC¢kmµ minrab;bBa©Úlr)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM nigkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMeLIy EdlRtUv)an eroberogeLIgsRmab;eKalbMNgxagrdæ)al.

k RkumeKaledA

CaTUeTA eKrMBwgfaGñkRtUvpþl;[RksYgTaMgGs;rbs;rdæaPi)al nigsßab½nrdæenAPñMej EdlRtUvkarcMeNHdwg xagBaNiC¢kmµ nUvB½t’manGMBIsavtafµÍ²bMput edIm,I[sßab½nTaMgenaHtamBinitüemIlninñakar nigBicarNaplb:HBal; BIkarGPivDÆCak;lak;nana mkelICMhr nigeKalneya)ayBaNiC¢kmµrbs;km<úCa. GñkTMngCa)anTTYl bBa¢Ir)ay karN_ EdlRtUverobcMeLIgCaeTogTat; sRmab;RkummnusSCaeKaledACak;lak; RsbtamkalbriecäTEdl)an kMNt;. ebIBMuenaHeT GñkGaccg;begáItbBa¢IenaHedayxøÜnÉg edIm,ICYyxøÜnGñkenAkñúgkarRKb;RKgtRmUvkareBlevla pÞal;xøÜn. MoC nig TPO Gaccg;)anB½t’manNamYyEdlnwgCYyRkumh‘unEdlCaGñknaMecjsBVéf¶enH kñúgkar EsVgrkdMeNaHRsaycMeBaHbBaðananarbs;BYkeK b¤ elIkTwkcitþ[manRkumh‘unnaMecjfµÍ²EfmeTot edIm,IcUlkñúgTI

15 ]bkrN_sRmab;sMéceBlevlaenHnwgmanBiPakSaenAkñúgCMBUkbnÞab;.



29

pSar. Cak;Esþg Rkumh‘unnaMecj KWCaRkumeKaledAbzmrbs;Gñk. cUrcat;EcgkargarsRmab;BYkeKeTAtamkRmit EdlGacGnuBaØatEdlmanEcgenAkñúgnItivíFI.

x r)aykarN_sMxan;²

cUreFVIesckþIraykarN_CaeTogTat;GMBIB½t’maneKalsþIBI b¤ Edlman\T§iBlmkelI vís½yKnøwHnanaénBaNiC¢ kmµbreTsrbs;km<úCa. tamry³karpþl;B½t’maneKalTaMgenH Gñk ³

CYyRbeTseyIgenAkñúgkarbegáItyuT§saRsþGPivDÆn_BaNiC¢kmµrbs;xøÜn nigenAkñúgkarpþl;esvakmµ dl; shRKasnaMecjnana nig

elIkTwkcitþdl;shRKasnana [eFVIkaresIubGegátGMBITIpSarnana Edlpþl;karrMBwgTuksmRsb nigeFVIEbb enH edayEp¥kelImUldæanB½t’manc,as;las;.

kargarenHmansar³sMxan;CaGayuCÍvít sRmab;karbegáIt nigGnuvtþCak;EsþgnUvEpnkareXasnasRmab;karnaM ecjrbs;RbeTseyIg. vak¾CakarKitKUrpgEdrGMBIkarsMéckmøaMgsRmab;Gñk. enAeBlEdlGñkTTYl)ansMeNIBI TPO b¤ BIRkumh‘unnaMecj [pþl;EpñkmYyénB½t’manGMBITIpSar b¤ r)aykarN_GMBIbBaðaxagEpñkTIpSar GñkGacemIl eXIjfa Gñk)aneFVIkarRsavRCavPaKeRcInrYcmkehIy nigRtUvkarRtwmEteFVIbc©úb,nñPaBnUvGVIEdlGñkmanenAkñúgéd edayRKan;EtTUrs½BÞmYy b¤ BIrelIk nig¼b¤ rkemIlB½t’mankñúgGiunFWNit edIm,IEsVgrkB½t’mancugeRkaybMputsRmab; bMeBjbEnßmEtb:ueNÑaH. cUrbBa©ÚlkareFVIesckþIraykarN_GMBITIpSarEbbenHeTAkñúgkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMrbs;Gñk.

K eKalkarN_ENnaMsMxan;²

kaeFVIesckþIraykarN_GMBIBaNiC¢kmµ GacTamTarry³eBleRcIn. manEpñkCaeRcInEdlGñkGacdak;bBa©Úl eTAkñúgr)aykarN_. cUreCosvagkarcMNayeBleRcIneBk edIm,IbBa©Úlral;cMNucTaMgGs;eTAkñúgr)aykarN_ edIm,I eXasnaBaNiC¢kmµsRmab;karnaMecj.

enAkñúgkareRKagskmµPaBrbs;GñksRmab;eFVIesckþIraykarN_ cUrsYrxøÜnÉgCaRbcaM ³ etIGñkNaxøH KWCaGñkeRbIR)as;cMeNHdwgGMBITIpSarenHeRcInCageK?

etIcMeNHdwgEbbNa EdlRkumeKaledAnImYy²RtUvkarCacaM)ac;?

etImanGVIxøHEdlBitCasMxan; nigGVIEdlminsMxan;?

etIplRbeyaCn_rbs;GñkNaxøH b¤plRbeyaCn_GVIxøH EdlTMngCanwgRtUvxUcbg; RbsinebIGñkminpþl; B½t’manEbbNamYyenaH? nig

etIr)aykarN_enHnwgpþl;víPaKTanedaypÞal;GVIxøH cMeBaHkarseRmcsMxan;² b¤ skmµPaBEdlKYreFVI?



30

sYrxøÜnÉgnUvsMNYrTaMgenHmunnwgeFVIr)aykarN_eqøIytbeTAnwgsMNYrNamYy k¾dUcCa enAeBleFVIesckþI raykarN_GMBIkarpþÜcepþÍmpÞal;xøÜnrbs;GñkpgEdr. eKalbMNgcMbgrbs;Gñk KWCRmujkarnaMecj etIGñkGaccMNay eBlb:unµanEdlGñkman edIm,IepþatelIkarerobcMr)aykarN_ CMnYs[kareFVIskmµPaBeXasnaedIm,ICRmujkarnaMecj enHedaypÞal;? GñkKYrEtBicarNasMNYrd¾lM)akenHedayRbugRby½tñ edayrab;bBa©ÚlktþamYycMnYneTAkñúgkarKitKUr EdlrYm TaMgktþananadUcxageRkamenH ³

CMhrrbs;rUbGñkenAkñúgtMENgenH nigvísalPaBEdlshesvíkrbs;GñkGacTTYlbnÞúkkñúgkareFVIr)ay karN_ GMBIesdækic© nigBaNiC¢kmµ nig

sMNMulkçN³énshKmn_BaNiC¢kmµnaMecjrbs;RbeTs nigkarrMBwgTukrbs;BYkeK. RbsinebIRbeTseyIg manshKmn_GñknaMecjeRcIn RbkbedaybTBiesaFn_ EdleFVIkarenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk GñkGacseRmc eFVIr)aykarN_GMBIRbkarnana EdlBak;B½n§CaTUeTA CagelIRbkarsRmab;eRbIR)as;sRmab;EtRkumh‘unmYy cMnYn. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday RbsinebIGñk)aneFVIGtþsBaØaNplitplmYycMnYntUc EdlmanlT§PaBx<s; sRmab;karnaMecjeTAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk nig)aneXasnay:agskmµedIm,ICRmujplitplTaMgenaHrYcehIy r)aykarN_rbs;GñkKYrEtepþatelIB½t’manEdlKaMRTkic©RbwgERbgCRmujCak;lak;sRmab;plitplenaH.

Cakarsegçb cUreFVIesckþIraykarN_GMBIGVIEdlTMngCaman\T§iBleRcInmkelIplRbeyaCn_xagBaNiC¢kmµ rbs;RbeTseyIg. cUgRbugRby½tñcMeBaHkarpøas;bþÚrxagneya)ay nigeKalneya)ayenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk nigRtUv ebIR)as;karvínicä½yl¥bMputrbs;Gñk edIm,IseRmcGMBIGVIEdlTak;TgCamYyyuT§saRsþBaNiC¢kmµsRmab;km<úCa nig BaNiC¢kmµnaMecjrbs;xøÜn.

X kareFVIesckþIraykarN_bnÞan;

mankal³eTs³CaeRcInEdlenAkñúgenaH kareFVIesckþIrayakarN_CabnÞan; mansar³sMxan;CaGayuCÍvít cMeBaHplRbeyaCn_ EdlTak;TgCamYyesdækic© nigBaNiC¢kmµ rbs;RbeTseyIg. GñkRtUvEteFVIesckþIraykarN_Ca bnÞan;GMBIcMNat;karNamYy b¤ cMNat;karNamYyEdlGñkrMBwgTuk faGacKMramkMEhgeFVI[raMgsÞH b¤ CakarkMhit cMeBaHkarbBa©ÚlplitplnaMecjNamYyrbs;RbeTseyIgeTAkñúgTIpSar tamkaryl;eXIjrbs;Gñk. karERbRbYl EdlminGnueRKaHénbriyakasneya)ay TMnas;kñúgkargar Edlman\T§iBlmkelIkardwkCBa¢Ún kardak;kMhitfµÍ²mk elIkkarnaMcUl karEkERby:ageRcInelItaragBn§Ky nigkarxusEbøkKñay:ageRcInénGRtabþÚrR)ak; nigkic©karGPivDÆn_ CaeRcInepSgeTot k¾RtUvEtraykarN_CabnÞan;pgEdr.

“Canic©kal RtUvEtcat;Tuk»kasfµÍ²xagBaNiC¢kmµfaCakic©karbnÞan;. ”



31

g sMNYrcMbg²GMBIkarnaMecj

edaysaresvakmµnanaEdlGñkpþl;[ kan;Et)anTTYlkaryl;dwg nigkar[témøBIsMNak;RkumeKaledA rbs;GñkehIy tRmUvkar[manesvakmµEbbenHnwgekIneLIg. GñknwgTTYl)ansMeNI[CYy EdlGñkminGaceqøIy tbedaymincaM)ac;eFVIkarBinitüenAkñúgkariyal½y nigRsavRCavenATItaMgCak;Esþg GMBIEpñk EdlGñkenABMuTan;)an BinitüenAkñúgkarsikSaBImunmk. RbsinebIGñkyl;eXIjfa kareqøIytbeTAnwgsMNYrTaMgenaHnwgnaM[mankarrMxan F¶n;F¶r dl;kmµvíFIkargarrbs;Gñk GñkGacBicarNacat;karNamYy dUcteTA ³

bBa¢ÚnkareqøIytbbeNþaHGasnñmYyeTAGñksYr edayBnül;GMBIRbePT nigTMhMénkarRsavRCavEdlcaM)ac; nigBImUlehtuEdlGñkminGacraykarN_tbmunkalbriecäTkMNt;NamYyeTAGnaKt .

elIkesñIeTAGñksYrrbs;Gñkfa karsikSaenHnwgeFVIeLIgCabnÞan; edayTIRbwkSamYyrUbkñúgcMeNamTIRbwkSa bI b¤ bYnrUb EdlmanCMnajl,Il,ajxagTIpSar eRkamkarcMNaypÞal;xøÜn nig

CUndMNwgdl; MoC nig TPO RBmTaMg esñIsMuedaHRsaykic©karenHCamYyGñksYr kñúgn½yEsVgrkdMeNaH RsaycMeBaHbBaðarbs;eK. enAeBlenaH RbsinebIGñkRtUverobcMr)aykarN_enaH MoC b¤ TPO KYrEt seRmc GMBIFnFanbEnßmNamYy EdlKYrEtpþl;eTAtMNagrbs;Gñk nigGMBIkarEksRmYldl;kmµvíFIkargar rbs;Gñk bnÞab;BImankarBieRKaHeyabl;CamYyGñk .

Casegçb eKalkarsMxan;²sRmab;kareFVIesckþIraykarN_rbs;GñkGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ KW

eFVIGtþsBaØaNRkumeKaledArbs;Gñk

seRmcfaetIGVIxøHCaB½t’manEdlRtUvkarCacaM)ac; eFVIkareRCIserIs nigepþatelIr)aykarN_EdlnwgCYybegáItkarnaMecj

pþl;B½t’manfµÍ²GMBIkarGPivDÆTIpSar tamry³r)aykarN_beNþaHGasnñ nigCaeTogTat; raykarN_CabnÞan; enAeBlmanehtuplRtwmRtUv nig

rkSa[mantulüPaBrvagskmµPaBraykarN_ nigskmµPaBepSgeToténkarCRmujkarnaMecj.

c karsresr)aykarN_CaTUeTA

cYrsresrr)aykarN_kñúgkRmitGb,brma. eCosvagpþl;[ MoC b¤ TPO b¤ shRKasnanaenAPñMeBj nUvB½t’maneRcIneBk EdlBYkeKminGaceRbIR)as;)an. RtUvcaMfa r)aykarN_rbs;GñkKWCar)aykarN_mYykñúgcMeNam r)aykarN_CaeRcIneTot ehIyRbsinebItMNagBaNiC¢kmµRKb;rUb RtUvbBa¢ÚnmkRbeTsxøÜnnUvRKb;GVI²TaMgGs;Edl



32

manyl;famanRbeyaCn_ eTA[TPO, MoC nig¼b¤ shRKasnaMecjnana RbB½n§enHTMngbMputfanwgr:ab;rgbnÞúk eRcInRCulrhUtdl;ElgdMeNIrkar)an.

dUecñH ³ RtUvraykarN_EtkñúgkrNIEdlcaM)ac; b¤ BitCamanRbeyaCn_ RbsinebIGñkRtUvEtraykarN_ seRmcGMBIGVIEdlGñkcg;bgðaj nigbgðaj[)anc,as;las; gayRsYlyl;

nigedaysegçbtamEtGñkGaceFVI)an nig

eRtomerobcM[)anhµt;ct; enAeBlenaHr)aykarN_rbs;Gñk esÞIrGacgðajedayxøÜnÉg .



33

CMBUk7

ePJóvCaBaNiC¢kr

RbsinebIkarrMBwgTukelIkarlk;plitplrbs;BYkeK TMngCal¥ TaMgrUbGñk nig MoC b¤ TPO enAkñúgRbeTs rbs;Gñk KYrEtelIkTwkcitþnaykRbtibtþiénCMnYjnImYy² [mkTsSnkic©TIpSar. kareFVITsSnkic©edaypÞal; Gac seRmckic©kar)aneRcInCaTIbMput eFobnwgkareqøIyqøg EdlsUm,Ijwkjab; nigc,as;las;. karyl;RcLM k¾Gac beBa¢ós)an nigbMPøW)anpgEdr. enAeBlEdlePJóvCaGñkCMnYjkMBugGgÁúyenABImuxGñk enHCakrNIkic©rbs;Gñk edIm,I BiPakSabBaða¼karRbQmnana[)ansIuCeRmA BinitüemIlktþavíC¢man nigGviC¢man énbec©keTsTIpSarxus²Kña vay témøsßanPaBTaMgmUl nigRbEhlCaGacQandl;cMNat;karEdlkan;EtRbesIr nigCak;lak;Cagmun. ePJóvCaGñk CMnYjrbs;Gñk KWCacMNgTak;TgcugeRkay nigsMxan;bMputenAkñúgExScgVak;énkic©RbwgERbg EdlnaMeTArkkarlk; RbkbedayeCaKC½y. Kat;KWCaGñkCMnajkarelIplitpl nigCabuKÁlEtmñak;EdlGackMNt;éfø)anCak;lak; edIm,I BiPakSaGMBIkarEkERbplitpl nigcuHhtßelxaelIkic©RBmeBogCamYyTIPñak;gar b¤ kic©snüalk;. kic©shRbti btþikarCítsñiT§irbs;Gñk eyabl; nigCMnYy enARKb;dMNak;kal cab;BIkareFVIEpnkardMbUg rhUtdl;kic©karbnþ enA eRkayTsSnkic© suT§Etmansar³sMxan;Nas; RbsinebIePJóvCaGñkCMnYjenaH RtUvTTYleCaKC½yenAkñúgkarQaneTA seRmceKalbMNgrYmrbs;Gñk eBalKW eFVI[mankarlk;Cak;Esþg karrk)anplcMNUlCarUbiyb½NÑbreTs nigkar begáItkargareFVIenAkñúgRsukrbs;Gñk.

k kareRtomerobcMTsSnkic©mYy

mYyPaKFMéneBlevlarbs;GñkGacRtUvcMNayeTAelIkarerobcMTsSnkic©enAeBlxagmux énGñkCMnYjnana mkBIRbeTseyIg. enAkñúgbribTenH {GñkCMnYjmñak;²”16 minsuT§EtCatMNagRkumh‘unBaNiC¢kmµ b¤]sSahkmµeT . enAeBlEdlGñkTTYlesckþICUndMNwgGMBITsSnkic©EbbenH GñkenAmankic©karCaeRcInEdlRtUvykcitþTukdak;. kic©karTaMgenaHrYmman ³

16 BaküenHRtUv)aneRbIR)as;enATIenH sMedApgEdrcMeBaHbuKÁlnana EdlGaceFVIskmµPaBkñúgnamRkumRbwkSacat;EcgTIpSarsRmab;TMnij sarCÍvkmµ BaNiC¢kmµrbs;rdæ smaKm]sSahkmµ FnaKar b¤ GgÁkarepSgeTot EdlBüayamlk;TMnij b¤ esvakmµ enAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk .



34

kic©karTaMgenaHrYmman³

dak;bBa©ÚlKñaGMBIesckþIsegçbsRmab;ePJóv edIm,IrYmbBa©Úl r)aykarN_Edl)ansresrCamunsRmab;Bhu bMNg[)ansmRsb B½t’manxøIEdlerobcMeLIgsRmab;eKalbMNgBaNiC¢kmµrbs;ePJóvenaH nigrebobvar³ énkmµvíFICYb. nig

eRKageBlevlapÞal;xøÜnrbs;Gñk enACMuvíjrebobvar³enH tamvíFIEdleRKageBlevlasRmab;xøÜnGñk edIm,I CUndMeNIrePJóv y:agehacNas;sRmab;karNat;CYbsMxan;² RbsinebIKat;ÉkPaBCamYykarEdlGñkeFVI EbbenH.

1> karCUndMNwgBIRbeTsedIm GñkRtUv)an)anTTYldMNwgCamun kñúgry³eBlRKb;RKan; GMBIeKalbMNgCak;lak;énTsSnkic© nigRbePT

CMnYyEdlePJóvcg;)an. cMNucTaMgenHKYrEtmanbgðajlMGitenAkñúgesckþICUndMNwgEdlGñkTTYl)anBIePJóv b¤ BI MoC b¤ TPO enAPñMeBj. RbsinebIePJóvEsVgrkGñkTij b¤ Pñak;garNamYy eKKYrEtbBa¢Únmk[GñknUvkUnesovePA EdlbgðajBIplitplrbs;BYkeK nigbBa¢Iéfø CIF bc©úb,nñ17 edIm,IGac[rUbGñkTak;TajcMNab;GarmµN_enAkñúgkar RbCMuCamYyGñkenaH. RbkarsMxan;KWRtUvsÁal;)anRKb;RKan;GMBIRkumh‘un nigplitpl edIm,IGñkGaceRCIserIs GñkTij Pñak;gar b¤ GñkEdlRtUvTak;TgepSgeTot EdlRtUveTATsSnkic© nigedIm,IeqøIyedayqøatévcMeBaHsMNYrNamYy Edl eKGacsYrmkGñkGMBIePVóvEdlmkTsSna Rkumh‘un b¤ plitpl.

RbsinebIePJóvenaHmanplitplminFmµtamYy Kat;KYrEtR)ab;GñkCalMGitGMBIfaetIplitplenaHRtUv)an Eckcay nigeRbIR)as;enAtampÞH b¤ enAkñúgRbeTsdéTEbbNa. enAkñúgkrNIsmRsb RtUvpþl;ÉksarEdlbgðajBI cMNuclMGiteBjeljxagbec©keTspgEdr.

2> r)aykarN_dMbUgrbs;Gñk RbsinebI)anpþl;B½t’manRKb;RKan;GMBIePJóv nigplitplrYcehIyenaH GñkKYrEtGacbBa¢ÚnTinñn½yedImdMbUg

xøH²CakareqøIytbPøam². eyabl;elI

2>1 kMhitelIkarnaMcUl dUcCa kUta nigr)aMgminEmnBn§déTeTot

17 cUrENnaMdl;ePJóvrbs;Gñk[eRtomrYcCaeRsc sRmab;bg;éfø FOB (minKitQñÜlmkdl;nava) nig éfø CIF Casac;R)ak;kñúgRsuk b¤ CarUbiyb½NÑ GnþrCati EdlmaneRbIR)as;enAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµ. cUrR)ab;dl;ePJóv[eRtomxøÜnedIm,IBiPakSaGMBIGb,har nigr)ayéfø EdlTak;TgnwgbrimaNnig¼b¤KuNPaB. Kat;KYrEtnaMmkCamYy b¤ epJImkCamun ¬EdlGac[maneBlRKb;RKan;sRmab;GñkedIm,IedaHRsayCamYynaykdæanKyCamun¦ nigpþl;kUnesovePA nigKMrU sMNak kñúgcMnYnRKb;RKan; RbsinebIGaceFVI)an.



35

2>2 GtßRbeyaCn_ b¤ PaBcaj;eRbobedaysarGRtaBn§Ky eFobnwgRbeTsEdlCaGñkpÁt;pÁg;déTeTot

2>3 Tinñn½ysßitiGMBITMnijnaMcUlelIsry³eBl 3-5 qñaM eFobnwgplitplkñúgRsuk RbsinebIman

2>4 PaBTTYlyk)an b¤kareRbIR)as;CaTUeTAnUvplitplRbePTenHenAkñúgTIpSar 2>5 B½t’mansMxan;²epSgeTot EdlGñkmankñúgédrYcehIy.

GñkGacmanrYcmkehIynUvB½t’manTaMgenHPaKeRcIn eRkamTRmg;CakarGegátTIpSarEdl)aneFVIBImunmk. RbsinebIBMumaneT GñkKYrEtGacTTYl)anB½t’manTaMgenHBIÉksare)aHBum<nana EdlbMeBjedaykarTUrs½BÞsaksYr bnþicbnþÜc nig¼b¤ EsVgrkemIlenAkñúgGiunFWNit.

3> r)aykarN_eBjeljrbs;Gñk RbsinebIkarGegátCaelIkdMbUgrbs;GñkbgðajGMBIkarrMBwgTukEdlpþl;kþIsgÇwmeRcIn cUrBüayampþl;[ePJóv

nUvr)aykarN_eBjeljCagmun18 muneBlEdlKat;ecjBIRbeTsmk. kñúgkrNINamYy RtUveRtomr)aykarN_ enaHCaeRscsRmab;Kat;enAeBlmkdl;. bEnßmelIB½t’manenAkñúgr)aykarN_dMbUgrbs;Gñk cUrpþl;[nUv ³

3>1 eQµaHyIehaénplitplEdlCaKURbECgcMbg² EdlrYmTaMg plitplEdlplitenAkñúgRsuk Pñak;gar rbs;eK nigehtuplEdlnaM[plitplenaHmanCMhrrwgmaM ¬pþl;[nUvÉksarGMBIkarniymplitplenaH nigB½t’manGMBIéfø RbsinebIGaceFVI)an¦

3>2 B½t’manGMBITRmg;énkarEckcay niglk; ]Ta³ tMbn;dak;lk; kEnøglk;FM² b¤ GñkeRbIR)as;cMbg² nig kRmiténkarEckcayenAlMdab;nImYy²

3>3 eQµaH nigsavtaénsßab½nsMxan;²EdlCaGñkTij b¤ ]sSahkmµ Pñak;gar b¤ GñkEckcay.

4> kmµviFIsRmab;TsSnkic© tamFmµta ry³eBl nigPaBsaMjaMuénkmµvíFIsRmab;TsSnkic© nwgmanPaBxusKñay:agxøaMg GaRs½ytam

eKalbMNg plitpl nigsMNMulkçN³énTIpSarsRmab;plitplenaH. kalNakmµvíFIkan;EtEvg nigsaMjaMu Gñkk¾ nwgRtUvkar[mankarCUndMNwg)anCamunkan;EtEvgGMBITsSnkic©enaHpgEdr. 19 GñkTij nigGñkepSgeTot Gacmin manectnaTTYlkarNat;CYb b¤ edaysarminmaneBledIm,ICYbtamkarNat;EdleFVIbnÞan;.

18 KYrP¢ab;c,ab;cmøgmYyénkmµvíFITsSnkic© CamYyr)aykarN_rbs;Gñk . 19 GñkKYrEtGacbBa¢ak;y:agc,as;BIePJóvrbs;eyIg b¤mYyedaypÞal; b¤mYytamry³ MoC b¤ TPO enAPñMeBj GMBIGVICak;lak;EdlGñkrMBwgfaRtUveFVI Tak;Tgnwgkarkk;bnÞb; kardwkCBa¢ÚnenAkñúgRbeTs nigkarcat;EcgdéTeTotenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. sUmbBa¢ak;GMBIkalbriecäTCak;lak; eBlem:ag nig TIkEnøgmkdl; cMNucmkdl; cMNucecjdMeNIrcugeRkaybMput elxeCÍgynþehaH .l. nigry³eBleRKagsñak;enAenAkñúgTItaMgnImYy²kñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. cUrkMNt;ry³eBlEdlePJóvGacmansRmab;kmµvíFInImYy².



36

5> kareFVIGtþsBaØaNcMNucTak;Tgnana enAkñúgkarerobcMkmµvíFITsSnkic© karRbQmdMbUgrbs;GñkKWRtUvkMNt;faetIePJóvrbs;GñkKYrCYbGñkNaxøH.

enAkñúgkarGegátCamUldæanrbs;GñkGMBIsßanPaBénRbeTs eRkayeBlGñkmkkan;tMENg Gñk)anbegáIt[manTMnak; TMngCaeRcIn EdlGñkTaMgenaHnwgmanRbeyaCn_kñúgkarCYyGñkmkdl;sBVéf¶enH. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday man »kasEdlminGaceCosvag)an CaBiessenAeBlBak;B½n§nwgplitplfµÍ enAeBlEdlGñkRtUvEsVgrkRbPBB½t’man fµÍ². enAkñúgkrNIEdlTIpSarmankarGPivDÆkan;EtxøaMg eBalKWenAkñúgRbeTs]sSahkmµ GñkTijrbs;Gñk nigPñak; garnana nwgkan;EtmanÉkeTskan;Etx<s;. elIsBIenH ePJóvmñak;²EtgEtxusBIKña.

enAeBlenaHGñkGacRtUvkar[mankarBieRKaHeyabl;

5>1 GñkRtUvTak;TgenAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµ EdlxøÜneKpÞal;Gacmincab;GarmµN_eT b:uEnþGacENnaMGñkeTArkGñkdéT EdlGacmancMNab;GarmµN_.

5>2 esovePAkataLúkGMBIBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ nigkartaMgsRmab;lk; .

5>3 esovePAepSgeTot smaKm .l. BinitüemIlGaTiPaB PaBRKbdNþb; niglMdab;lMedayénkarTak;Tg. ]TahrN_ ³ RbsinebIePJóvkMBug

EsVgrktMNagmYyrUbsRmab;plitplmYy EdlnaykdæanmYyrbs;rdæaPi)al b¤GaCJaFrsaFarN³CaGñkeRbIR)as; pÞal; RbEhlCaKat;KYreFVIkarBIelImkeRkam eBalKW dMbUgRtUvTak;TgCamYynaykdæanrbs;rdæaPi)al. RbEhlCa naykdæanenaHGacpþl;B½t’manEdlnwgCYyKat;kñúgkareRCIserIsPñak;garmYyBIkñúgcMeNamPñak;garCaeRcIn sRmab; eFVIkarsmÖasenAeBleRkay. enAkñúgkal³eTs³epSgeTot Cakarl¥KYreFVIkarBIeRkameTAelI eBalKW RtUvniyayCa mYyGñklk;ray nigRtUvsikSabNþajTIpSar munnwgeFVIkarRtLb;mkeRkay tamry³Gñklk;duM b¤ GñkEckcayepSg eTot eTAPñak;garnana.

6> kalviPaKénkarNat;CYb enAeBlGñk)aneFVIGtþsBaØaNGnaKtGñkRtUvTak;TgrYcehIy cUrerobcMesckþIRBagkalvíPaKsRmab;kar

Nat;CYb. bnÞab;mkRtUvTak;TgeTAbuKÁlmñak;². cUreFVIGtþsBaØaNxøÜnÉg edayBnül;GMBIeKalbMNgénkarTak;Tg nigsYrGMBIfaetIkalbriecäT nigeBlevlaEdlesñIsMuCYbNat;CYbsmRsbEdrb¤eT. RbsinebIKat;minEmnCamnusS EdlKYrCYbenAkñúgsßab½nenaHeT RtUvsYrfaetIGñkNaEdlKYrEtsmRsbCag. RbsinebIRtUvkarB½t’manbEnßmeTot RtUvÉkPaBepJI b¤ CakarRbesIrKYrEtbgðajGMBIRbkarlMGiteBleljCamYyGñkEdlRtUvTak;Tg edIm,I[Kat;Gac seRmcfaRtUvTTYlCYbePJóvrbs;GñkEdrb¤eT. karNat;CYbdMbUg KYrEtCakarsakl,g. ePJóvrbs;eyIgGacRtUvsñak;enAkñúgRbeTsmYyepSgyUrCagkarrMBwgTuk.



37

kmµvíFIeCÍgehaHehIrGacEkERb. Kat;GacminmanbMNgcg;CYbmnusSEdlGñkelIkesñI[CYb.

x tRmUvkar[manesvakmµpÞal;xøÜn

kgVl;sMxan;bMputrbs;GñkKWksagTMnak;TMngmYyEdlmanCMenO nigkarTukcitþKñaeTAvíjeTAmk CamYyePJóv EdlCaGñkCMnYj. dUecñHRtUv ³

ykcitþTukdak;CaBiesselIkarbegáItkalvíPaK nigBüayameFVI[køayeTACacMNuceKalénPaBsñiT§sñal enAkñúgbriyakasEdlminsÁal;BImunmk.

RtUveRtomGtßbTsegçb nigBüayamCYbCamYyePJóvrbs;eyIgenAeBlKat;mkdl;.

BüayamCUndMeNIrKat;eTAtamkarNat;CYbkñúgkic©karCMnYj. tamry³kargarCítsñiT§CamYyePJóvrbs;eyIg tamrebobenH Gñknwgmankaryl;dwgbEnßmeTotedIm,IeFVIkargarrbs;Gñk.

RbsinebIGñkminGacrYmdMeNIrCamYyePJóvrbs;eyIgtamkaresñIsMueT cUrrkSakarTak;TgCamYyKat;enAkñúg GMLúgeBlTsSnkic©. cUrpþl;esvakmµBIkariyal½y nigbuKÁlikrbs;Gñk edIm,IbMeBjtamtRmUvkarEdlGñk Gaccat;Ecg)an.

eRtomeBlevla edIm,ICECkCamYyePJóvrbs;eyIgmuneBlcakecj. BinitüemIlkic©karnanaEdl)aneFVI rYc bBaðananaEdlCYbRbTH niglT§plnanaEdlKat;seRmc)an b¤minGacseRmc)an. cUrBiPakSaGMBI skmµPaBCabnþnana EdlKat;Gaccg;[GñkeFVIkñúgnamKat;. bBa©úHbBa©ÚlKat;[epJIÉksareqøIyqøgB½t’man GMBIkic©karCMnYjCamYyGñkNamñak;enAkñúgTIpSar rYmCamYyeyabl;GMBIfaetIGñkGaceFVIEbbNaedIm,IGac rYmvíPaKTaneTAkñúgkarseRmc)nnUveKalbMNgnanarbs;Kat;.



38

CMBUk8

ebskkmµCMnYj¬KN³RbtiPUBaNiC¢kmµ¦

ebskkmµCMnYjmYy GacCaRkummYyEdlBak;B½n§CamYykarrukrk b¤GPivDÆn_TIpSar edayeFVIkarGegát GMBI karrMBwgTuk nigvíFInanaénkareFVICMnYj edaymankarEtgtaMgPñak;gar nigkareXasna b¤ lk;TMnij nigesvakmµ. va GacmaneKaledAbegáItsucän³ b¤ TijplitplnaMcUlsMxan;² b¤ Tak;TajkarvínieyaKbreTs. vaGacBüayameFVI karcrcaGMBIlT§PaBTTYl)anmuxTMnijCak;lak; b¤ kic©RBmeRBogBaNiC¢kmµCaeRcInmux ebIeTaHbItamFmµta karcrca TaMgenHCakic©karrvagrdæaPi)al CamYyrdæaPi)alk¾eday nigminRtUv)anKitKUrenATIenHeT. ebskkmµCMnYj Gac mansmasPaBxus²Kña. vaGacmansmasPaBCam®nþIrdæaPi)alTaMgRsug b¤ pSMedayBaNiC¢krPaKeRcInmkBIvís½y ÉkCn b¤tMNagnanaénGgÁPaBBaNiC¢kmµrbs;rdæ. vaGacminmanlkçN³CaÉksNæan edaymantMNagnanamkBI vís½yÉkCnxus²Kña dUcCa kñúgEpñkEkécñplitplksikmµ sakvb,kmµ nigeTscrN_pgEdr.

k GtßRbeyaCn_énebskkmµCMnYj eFobnwgTsSnkic©nana edayBaNiC¢krmñak;² ebskkmµCMnYjmYy GaceFVIkic©kar)anCaeRcInCag kic©karEdleFVIeLIgedaytMNagBaNiC¢kr b¤ GñkCMnYj

mñak;² b:uEnþCajwkjab;manRbsiT§iPaBCag. ebskkmµrYmKñaEbbenH GacbegáIncMnYnem:agkargar bTBiesaFn_ TUlMTUlay nigmanCMnajbec©keTskan;EteRcIn enAkñúgkaresIubGegátEtmYy eFobnwgTsSnkic©Edlmñak;²dac;Kña. ebskkmµmYyGaceFVI[man\T§iBly:ageRcInxagkareXasnaelIEpñkTIpSar. ebskkmµmYymanKuNtémøkñúgkar pþl;dMNwg nigGacykeTAeRbIR)as; edIm,IbegáIt[mankardwgB¤CasaFarN³GMBIBaNiC¢kmµ edayepþatkarykcitþTuk dak;elIRbeTseyIg kñúgnamCaGñkpÁt;pÁg; nigRbkbedaykarTak;TajcMeBaHGñkTij EdltamFmµtaGaclM)ak kñúgkareFVIGtþsBaØaN RbsinebIKµanebskkmµEbbenHeT. ebskkmµmYyGacgayRsYlTak;TgCamYyGñkCMnYj nig m®nþICan;x<s;kñúgCYrrdæaPi)al EdlGñkCMnYjmñak;²GaclM)akcUlCYb. TIbMput ebskkmµRbkbedayeCaKC½y nigman karRbkaspSay)anRtwmRtUvmYyGacrYmcMENkkñúgkarbegáInkRmityl;dwgCaTUeTAenAkñúgRbeTsxøÜnGMBIkarnaMecj.

eTaHCay:agNak¾eday edaysarebskmµnanaGacRtUvcMNayeRcIn GñkKYrEtBicarNaGtßRbeyaCn_én



39

skmµPaBepSgeTot enAeBl)anTTYYlkaresñIsMu[pþl;eyabl;GMBIfaetIKYr[manebskkmµmYyEdrb¤y:agNa. kar cUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµsmRsbmYy b¤ karerobcMBiBN’EtÉgmYy k¾GacmanRbsiT§iPaBpgEdr.

x RbePTénebskkmµ

eKalbMNgCamUldæanénebskkmµCMnYjmYy KWedIm,IbegáItCamUldæanRKwHsRmab;begáItCMnYjeTAGnaKt. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday manebskkmµCMnYjxus²Kña EdlnImYy²smRsb sRmab;seRmceKalbMNgxusKñaxøH². ebskkmµTaMgenaHrYmman ³

ebskkmµ EdlmanPar³eFVIkarGegátGMBIsßanPaBénRbeTsmYy. ebskkmµEbbenHGacmansamsPaB CabuKÁlnana EdlmansmtßPaBeFVIkarrukrk nigraykarN_eTATIPñak;garEdlmancMNab;GarmµN_enAkñúg RbeTsedIm GMBITidæPaBBak;B½n§énTIpSarsRmab;plitplCaeRcInmux.

ebskkmµsRmab;eKalbMNgeFVIkarGegát]sSahkmµ. enAeBlEdlTMngCamanskþanuBlsRmab;pþÜcepþÍm [man b¤ BRgIkkarnaMecjsRmab;lk;nUvplitplmYy b¤plitplCaeRcInenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. ebsk kmµRbePTenHGackMNt;GMBIfaetI skþanuBlenaHGacbEmøgEbbNa edIm,I[køayeTACakarnaMecj)anl¥ bMput. eKGacRtwmEt):an;RbmaNTMhMCak;EsþgénTIpSar b:uEnþk¾GacsikSabNþajEckcayEdlFMCageK bec©keTsCRmujplitpl¼esvakmµ nigkarkMNt;éføpgEdr. cUreFVIkarbBa¢ak;GMBIfaetIcaM)ac;[mankarEk ERbGVIxøHcMeBaHplitpl nigcUrEsVgrk[)annUvB½t’manGMBITIpSarsRmab;TidæPaBepSg²eTot.

ebskkmµlk;. eKTMngCaemIleXIjfa eKGacseRmc)anlT§pll¥sRmab;karlk;plitplNamYy b¤ plitplEdlminTak;TgmYycMnYn RbsinebIRkumh‘unnaMecjGaceFVIdMeNIreTAeRkARbeTsedIm,IpSBVpSay karlk;. RbsinebI)aneRtomlkçN³RKb;RKan;muneBlecjdMeNIrehIy ebskkmµlk;minRtwmEtGac TTYl)anPøam²GMBIkMeNInkarlk;b:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþEfmTaMgGacbegáItmUldæanRKwHsRmab;bnþmuxCMnYjeTA GnaKtpgEdr.

K karelIkesñI[manebskkmµ

enAeBlsMu[elIkesñI[manebskkmµmYy GñkKYrEtBicarNakic©karnanadUcteTA ³ karpÁt;pÁg; - vtþmanCak;Esþg b¤ EdlmanskþanuBlnUvplitplBak;B½n§ EdlKYrEtmankñúgbrimaNRKb;

RKan; edIm,IbeRmItamtRmUvkarNamYy EdlebskkmµmYyKYrEtsRmYl)an.

cMNab;GarmµN_rbs;Rkumh‘unnaMecjEdlBak;B½n§enAkñúgkarBRgIkTIpSarrbs;BYkeK .

vtþmanesvakmµdwkCBa¢ÚnCaeTogTat;eTAdl;TIpSar b¤ karrMBwgTuksmehtuplsRmab;begáItesvaEbbenH.



40

faetIplitplEdlBak;B½n§enaHGacdMeNIrkarnaMecj)anl¥Edrb¤eT enAkñúgTIpSarnanaEdlbgðajBIkarrMBwg TuksRmab;BYkeK GMBIplRbeyaCn_Cak;EsþgBIkarRbkYtRbECg.

vtþmanPsþútagfa karrMBwgTukxagTIpSarmanRKb;RKan; edIm,IbgðajehtuplsRmab;karcMNayelIkarbegáIt nigPaBcaM)ac;kñúgkarCMnHkarlM)akenAkñúgkarbegáIt[manebskkmµmYy.

Gvtþmanénkardak;kMhitEdlmanRsab; b¤ EdleRKagnwgbegáIteLIgEdlCa]bsKÁsRmab;TIpSarenaH.

TMhMénbrimaNnaMcUlsBVéf¶ RbPBrbs;va nigGRtakMeNInénkarnaMcUlenaH .

smtßPaBplitkñúgRsuk nigEpnkarsRmab;karBRgIk.

PaBBak;B½n§énTMnak;TMngBaNiC¢kmµBiess CamYykarrMBwgTukxagTIpSarsRmab;plitplrbs;Gñk.

TMhM nigkarcat;EcgkUtanaMcUl nigvísalPaBénkarnaMcUlEdlKµankarGnuBaØat.

GtßRbeyaCn_énPaBRbkYtRbECgBItaragBn§Ky b¤ PaBcaj;eRbobeFobnwgRbeTspÁt;pÁg;epSgeTot.

lT§PaBénkarminrab;rk edaysarbTb,BaØtþiGMBIsþg;dar ctþaLIs½k .l.

RbtikmµénRkumh‘unnaMcUl nigGñkEckcay cMeBaHRbPBpÁt;pÁg;fµÍ².

RbsinebIsßanPaBTUeTAénTIpSarmanlkçN³GMeNaypl eKKYrEtTuk[ebskkmµxøÜnÉgeFVIkarseRmcGMBI cMNucl¥CagénkarkMNt;éfø karevcx©b; bec©keTsCRmujBaNiC¢kmµ .l. EdlGaceFVI[manPaBxusKñarvagkar TMnak;TMngTIpSarRbkbedayeCaKC½y nigbraC½y.

sMeNIrbs;GñkKYrEtEcgGMBI ³

muxplitplCaeRcIn EdlebskkmµenHKYrEtykcitþTukdak; niglT§plénkarsikSarbs;GñkGMBITIpSar.

víFIsmRsbbMputénTMnak;TMngTIpSar.

sMeNIsmasPaBGñkcUlrYm nigTMhMénebskkmµ RBmTaMgKuNvuDÆiénsmaCíkebskkmµ eFobnwgeKal bMNg nigplitpl.

GnuBaØat[manry³eBlEvgsRmab;kareRtomerobcM - ry³eBlbIeTAR)aMmYyEx sRmab;karcat;EcgerobcM

Epnkar nigkarcat;EcgbegáIt KWCary³eBlFmµta sRmab;ebskkmµFMmYy. eKRtUveFVIkarseRmcxageKalneya)a y nigkMNt;fvíka EdlTaMgBIrenHRtUveFVIeLIgedayGaCJaFrFana nigedaysßab½nEdlTMngCacUlrYmeTAGnaKt.

X fvika

GñkKYrEtpþl;[RkugPñMeBjnUvkar):an;RbmaNGMBIGVIEdlebskkmµenHGacnwgRtUvcMNayenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk.

kar):an;RbmaNKYrEtKitKUrGMBIRbkarnanadUcteTA ³



41

kareFVIdMeNIrenAxagkñúgRbeTs

kEnøgsñak;enA nigGahar BiFIbdisNæarkic© karGeBa¢Ij nigkarsVaKmn_edaymin)aneRKagTuk

kareXasnaCasaFarN³ nigkarcMNayelIkarpSBVpSay.

g karpþl;esvakmµdl;ebskkmµCMnYj

vaküx½NÐnanaxageRkamenH GFib,ayGMBIskmµPaBsMxan;bMputnana EdlGñkRtUvEtGnuvtþenAeBlpþl; esvakmµdl;ebskmµmYy.

1> karBieRKaHeyabl;CamYyrdæaPi)alCam©as;pÞH enAkñúgRbeTsCaeRcIn vaCaerOgFmµtakñúgkarEsVgrkkarÉkPaBBIrdæaPi)alCam©as;pÞHsRmab;kareFVITsSn

kic© nigTTYl)ankarFana Edlpþl;CakarKaMRTdl;kareFVITsSnkic©enaH. 20

2> karEsVgrkGñkTak;Tgnana ebskkmµmYy minRtUvBwgEp¥kTaMgRsugelIkariyal½yd¾l¥rbs;rdæaPi)alCam©as;pÞH FnaKar smaKm b¤

GgÁPaBepSgeTotenaHeLIy b:uEnþebskkmµenaHRtUvEtmankarCUndMNwg)anl¥nigGaceFVIkargarEdlmanRbeyaCn_. cUrsikSaGMBImnusSEdlGackøayCaTIRbwkSa édKU b¤ GñkTij eTAtamkarcaM)ac; nigRtUveFVIkarseRmcGMBIfaetIGñk NamYykñúgcMeNamGñkTaMgenH nwgmancMNab;GarmµN_CageKcMeBaHsmaCíkNamñak;énebskkmµenH. sRmab; ebskkmµlk; RkumEdlGñkGacTak;Tg)anrab;bBa©Úl Rkumh‘unnaMcUl Pñak;gar GñkEckcayFM² nigGñkeRbIR)as;pÞal; k¾dUcCa smaKm]sSahkr nigBaNiC¢kr. enAkñúgkrNIebskkmµGegátkar GñkEdlGacTak;Tg)anKYrEtrab; bBa©ÚlRtwmEt emdwknaM enAkñúgvís½yEdlBak;B½n§ RbPBl¥bMputénB½t’mansRmab;karGegátTIpSarmYy.

3> B½t’manGMBITIpSar cUrcab;epþImPøam²edIm,IerobcMGtßbTxøIsRmab;ePJóvmñak;² enAeRkayeBlEdlGñk)anTTYleQµaH nigcMNab;

GarmµN_rbs;BYkeK. matikaénGtßbTxøIenaH manGFib,ayenAkñúgCMBUk 8 xageRkam.

4> svnakar¼karcUlCYb tamFmµta RbFanebskkmµenHnwgmanvtþmanenAkñúgBiFIsMEdgkarKYrsm nigkarGeBa¢IjcUlCYbCapøÚvkar

20 víFanenHGacbegáIteLIgedayGaCJaFrRkugPñMeBj b¤ tamry³ÉkGKÁrdæTUtrbs;eyIg. kic©karenHKYrEteFVIenAmuneBlmankarRbkasCasaFarN³Na mYy EdlTak;Tgnwgebskkmµ b¤mYyenAkñúgRbeTs b¤mYyenAeRkARbeTs.



42

karsmÖas snñisITsarB½t’man nigkarRbCMuCamYysmaKm b¤ RkumFM².

hameFVIkarNat;CYbsRmab;RbFanebskkmµedayKµankarÉkPaBCamunBIKat; nigpþl;[Kat;nUvkarsegçb edayRbugRby½tñmuneBlmankarNat;CYbnImYy². RtUvykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHTRmg;rYménsnÞkfasRmab;»kassm Rsb edayRtUverobcMCamun [Rsbtam»kas nigRkummnusSCaGñksþab;.

5> karpSBVpSayCasaFarN³ karRbkaspSayCasaFarN³Camun EdlepþatelIvís½yCak;lak;nana mansar³sMxan;bMput CaBiess

sRmab;ebskkmµlk;. vaGaceFVI[shKmn_BaNiC¢krcab;GarmµN_GMBIebskkmµenH. RbsinebIRkumh‘unnaMcUlKWCa EpñkmYyénebskkmµenH karRbkaspSayCasaFarN³TMngCabegáIncMNab;GarmµN_[kan;EtTUlMTUlay.

y:agehacNas; ¬elIkElgEtRtUv)anbdiesFTaMgGs;Kña¦ GñkKYrEtecjesckþIRbkassarB½t’manCabnþ bnÞab;GMBIebskkmµenH. karecjesckþIRbkasdMbUg KYrEtbgðajBIlkçN³ nigeKaledAénebskkmµenH kalbriecäT esckþIlMGitxøI²GMBIGñkdwknaM nigplitplnana nigesckþIGeBa¢IjedIm,IcUlrYmTTYlykB½t’maneRcIn bEnßmeTot¬nigkarNat;CYb¦ tamry³kariyal½yrbs;Gñk. karpþl;eyabl;xøImYyGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ rvagRbeTsTaMg BIr nigGMBITidæPaBsMxan;² b¤ Ebøk²NamYy énsMeNIkargar b¤ smasPaBénebskkmµ k¾GacsmrmüpgEdr.

cUrpþl;esckþIlMGiteBjeljdl;sPaBaNiC¢kmµ nig]sSahkmµ nigdl;smaKmBaNiC¢kr nig Rkumh‘unnaM cUl [)anTan;eBl edIm,I[BYkeKeFVIkarpSBVpSayCasFarN³GMBIsmaCíkrbs;BYkeK munnwgebskkmµGeBa¢Ijmk dl;. TIPñak;garEdlCaGñk]btßmÖ KYrpþl;ÉksarsRmab;karpSBVpSayCasaFarN³. ÉksarEdlsMxan;CageKbMput KW kUnesovePAB½t’manGMBIebskkmµCMnYjmYy. kUnesovePAenHKYrEtmanesckþIENnaMxøI²GMBIeKaledAénebskkmµ nigsRmab;smaCíkmñak;² RtUvmanbBa¢ak; eQµaH zan³ rUbft eQµaH nigGasydæanrbs;sßab½nrbs;Kat; esckþI GFib,ayGMBIplitpl EdlKat;mancMNab;GarmµN_kñúgkarlk; b¤ Tij nigesckþIGFib,ayxøI²GMBITIPñak;garEdlCa Gñk]btßmÖ. ebskkmµenHKYrEtpþl;GtþsBaØaN EdleKGacemIleXIjfaCa KuNtémøsRmab;GñkCMnYj m®nþI nig tMNagnanaénRbB½n§pSBVpSayB½t’man EdlnwgmanTMnak;TMngedaypÞal;CamYyRkum nigCamYysmaCíkmñak;²én ebskkmµenH. 21

6> bdisNæarkic© kñúgeBlEdleKGacerobcMBiFIsVaKmn_enAcugénTsSnkic© edIm,IEføgGMNrKuNdl;kic©sgÁh³ nigkarsMEdg

KYrsm CaFmµtaeKKYrEtcat;EcgkarTTYlEbbenHenAkñúgry³eBlb:unµanéf¶dMbUgénkarmkdl;. témøBitR)akdén 21 cUreRbIR)as;ÉksarNamYyEdlGñkTTYl)anBIRbeTsGñk [manRbsiT§iPaBtamEtGñkGaceFVI)an. ]TahrN_ TsSnkic©rbs;ebskkmµmYy GacCa »kassRmab;karsresrGtßbTbEnßmenAkñúgsarB½t’man b¤ GtßbTkñúgTsSnavdþI Edly:agehacNas; Ep¥kmYyEpñkelIÉksarGMBIebskkmµenH. Rbsin ebIkariyal½yrbs;GñkecjpSayB½t’man kariyal½yenHGacecjpSaykñúgelxBiess EdlEp¥kelIebskkmµ nigbgðajB½t’manEdlTak;TgnwgBaNiC¢kmµ nig]sSahkmµ.



43

bdisNæarkic©mYysßitenARtg;fa vapþl;nUv»kasmYysRmab;smaCíknana edIm,ICYbCamYyGñkCMnYj nigm®nþICaeRcIn bMput EdlGacbegáIncMNab;GarmµN_ enAkñúgdMNak;kaldMbUgbMputEdlGaceFVI)an. cUrGeBa¢IjmnusSEdlGñk)ansMu karNat;CYbsRmab;smaCíkebskkmµ nigmnusSsMxan;²enAkñúgsßab½n smaKm nigrdæaPi)al EdlGñkcg;[man karTak;Tg b¤ cg;)aneyabl; b¤ CMnYyBIBYkeK [cUlrYmenAkñúgBiFIbdisNæarkic©enH.

7> ÉksarsRmab;karGeBa¢Íj sRmab;ebskkmµlk;mYy GñkTaMgenHKYrEtRtUv)aneRCIserIs edayEp¥kelImUldæanénkarBicarNarbs;BYk

eKelIesovePAKMrUplitpl nigbBa¢Iéfølk; EdlerobcMeLIgedayebskkmµenH nigEdlmansMEdgcMNab;GarmµN_ elIkarBiPakSaGMBIlT§PaBénkarTij b¤ karedIrtYCaPñak;garsRmab;lk;plitplEdlBak;B½n§. cUrEcklixitGeBa¢Ij [cUlrYmenAkñúgBiFIbdisNæarkic©CapøÚvkar kUnesovePAGMBIebskkmµenH ¬EdlKYrEtmaneRtomsRmab;mnusSRKb;rUb EdlCaeKaledAsRmab;Tak;Tg¦ nigsmÖar³epSgeTotsRmab;karpSBVpSayCasaFarN³enAkñúgeBlCamYyKña.

8> ÉksarsRmab;karbgðajedaysegçb

ÉksarTaMgGs;sRmab;ebskkmµenH KYrEteRtomsRmab;RKb;smaCíkTaMgGs; enAeBlBYkeKmkdl; sNæaKarEdlCakEnøgsñak;enArbs;BYkeK. sMNMuÉksarsRmab;mñak;² KYrEtmansmÖar³dUcteTA ³

8>1 kmµvíFIsRmab;ebskkmµenH

eBlevla nigkalbriecäTénRKb;BiFIsMxan;² nigRBwtþikarN_EdlGaccUlrYmtamkarcg;. vKÁénkarbgðajdMbUg snñisITsarB½t’man nigbdisNæarkic©CapøÚvkar nigBiFI b¤ RBwtþikarN_CalkçN³ÉkCnepSgeTot EdlrUbGñk b¤ GñkdéTeTotRtUv)anGeBa¢Ij[cUlrYm.

8>2 karBinitüemIlsßanPaBTIpSar nigkarEsVgyl;GMBIBaNiC¢kmµ 8>3 lkçN³BiessénkarBnül;xøI²

RbsinebI smaCíkNamñak;EsVgrkGñkTij b¤ Pñak;garNamYy GñkGacRtUvkar[mankUnesovePAEdlmanbgðaj GMBIplitpl nigtaragéføsBVéf¶tamlkçxNÐ CIF/FOB edIm,ITak;TajcMNab;GarmµN_[cUlCYb. sRmab; plitplEdlmanlkçN³edayELk cUrpþl;B½t’manGMBIkareRbIR)as;enAkñúgRbeTsxøÜn nigRbeTsdéT sRmab; CacMNuccab;epþImEdlmanRbeyaCn_. 8>4 kalvíPaKénkarNat;CYb -

cUrbBa¢ak;GMBIGñkeQµaHGñkEdl)anGeBa¢Ij[cUlrYmkñúgBiFIsVaKmn_CapøÚvkar.

8>5 bBa¢IePJóvEdl)anGeBa¢IjcUlrYmkñúgBiFIsVaKmn_TTYlCapøÚvkar - cUrbBa¢ak;GMBIGñkEdl)anTTYlyl;RBmtamkarGeBa¢IjcUlrYm ¬mkdl;éf¶enH¦.



44

8>6 ÉksardéTeTot

8>6>1 esckþIBnül;xøI²GMBIBiFI nigkarBak;B½n§eTAnwgebskkmµénsßab½n smaKm sPaBaNiC¢kmµ nig naykdæanrbs;rdæaPi)al nigGñkkan;kar b¤ m®nþInana EdlebskkmµenHnwgeFVITMnak;TMngCamYy.

8>6>2 esckþIBnül;xøI²GMBIrcnasm<½n§ smasPaB kmµsiT§ikr nigplitkmµenAkñúg]sSahkmµkñúgRsuk. 8>6>3 r)aykarN_\NTan b¤ sßanPaBrbs;Rkumh‘unEdlnwgRtUveTATsSna.

9> esckþIBnül;xøIGMBIkic©karpÞal;xøÜn cUrcat;Ecg[manBiFIbgðajxøI²[)anqab;tamEtGaceFVIeTA)an enAeRkaykarmkdl;. m®nþIsßanTUt KYrEt

EføgsnÞrkfaxøImYyGMBI RbeTsCam©as;pÞH edayeFVIesckþIeyagCaBiess eTA\T§iBlénneya)ayelIkarGPivDÆ nig ninñakarBaNiC¢kmµ nigkarbnSIúKña nigGMBIsar³sMxan;énRbéBNI nigTmøab;enAmUldæan . karcat;EcgeqøIytbeTAnwg sMNYrGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ EdlminEmnCacMNab;GarmµN_CaBiesssRmab;ebskkmµenH KYrEtbBa¢ak;taMgBIedImdMbUg.

10> karecaTeqøIy munkarmkdl;rbs;ebskkmµenH cUréleBlevlasRmab;kareqøIyeTAnwgsMNYr EdlenAkñúgenaHsmaCík

mñak;²KYrEtKUsbBa¢ak;GMBIlT§plénkic©RbwgERbgrbs;xøÜn TsSn³pÞal;xøÜnGMBIkgVHxatelIkarcat;Ecg eyabl;rbs; BYkeKelIkarerobcMebskkmµEbbenHeTAGnaKt sMeNI[mancMNat;karCabnþ nigfaetIkariyal½yrbs;GñkGacCYy EbbNaenAkñúgkic©karenH.

11> r)aykarN_eRkayebskkmµ edIm,IFana[manskmµPaBbnþ sUmdak;CUneTA MoC nig TPO nUvr)aykarN_mYyGMBIsmasPaB

karerobcM Rbtibtþikar niglT§plénebskkmµenH. kMNt;Rtaénr)aykarN_Edl)anBIkareqøIyeTAnwgsMNYrnana KYrEtmanRbeyaCn_sRmab;karbegáItesckþIsnñidæan nigGnusasn_rbs;Gñk. cUrepþatelIlkçxNÐénkic©RbwgERbgNa mYyenAkñúgkarsRmbsRmYl EdlraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa nigkariyal½yrbs;Gñk KYrGnuvtþ edIm,IBRgwgsmiT§plén TsSnkic©enH.

12> lixiteqøIyqøgedIm,IsMEdgkarKYrsm KYrEtmankarÉkPaBKñaCamYyGñkdwknaM GMBIfaetIGñkNaKYrTTYlxusRtUvelIkarbBa¢ÜnlixitEføgGMNrKuN

dl;mnusSEdl)anCYyenAkñúgebskkmµenH. edaysarkariyal½yrbs;GñkmancMNab;GarmµN_Cabnþ enAkñúgkar rkSaTMnak;TMng[)anl¥tamEtGaceFVI)an CamYymnusSEdlGñkGacTak;Tg)anenAkñúgebskkmµenH GñkmanRKb; ehtupl edIm,IsresrlixitEbbenHedayKMnitxøÜnÉg. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday smaCíkenAkñúgebskkmµenHk¾man karTTYlxusRtUvRbEhlKñaenHEdr.



DRAFT 11/28/2004

CMBUk9

sMNYrGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ

k RbePTénsMNYr mansMNYrBIrEbbEdlTak;Tgnwg TMnij nigesvakmµCak;lak; ³

sMNYrBITIpSarkñúgRsuk GMBI»kasEdlGacman Tak;TgplitplnaMecjrbs;RbeTseyIg nig

sMNYrBIRkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;enAkñúgRbeTseyIg EdlTak;TgnwgTIpSarnanasRmab;plitplrbs;BYkeK.

x sMNYrGMBIBaNiC¢kmµkñúgRsuk1> »kassRmab;BaNiC¢kmµ

EpñkEdlsMxan;CageKéntMENgrbs;GñkRbEhlCakarEsVgrk»kasenAmUldæansRmab;TMnij b¤ esvakmµ Cak;lak;sRmab;RbeTsrbs;eyIg edIm,Ivaytémø»kasTaMgenaH nigedIm,IepJIB½t’manGMBI»kasTaMgenaH[)anqab; tamEtGaceFVIeTA)an dl;GñkpÁt;pÁg;enAkñúgRbeTsGñk edIm,I[GñkpÁt;pÁg;TaMgenHcat;kar RbsinebIGac munKURbECg rbs;BYkeK. tamFmµta manEtsMeNIEdl)anTTYlmuneKb:ueNÑaH EdlnwgTTYlkic©snüaCMnYj. dUecñH karGegát rbs;GñkRtUvEtrh½s Cak;lak; nighµt;ct;. 22

eTaHCay:agNak¾eday eKminGacniyay)anfa GñkminRtUvbBa¢ÚnB½t’manEdl)anepÞógpÞat;ehIyenaHeT. vaGacmanRbeyaCn_xøaMgNas;cMeBaHRkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg; edIm,IeronsURtGMBIlkçxNÐEdlGacman [)anCamun tamEt GaceFVIeTA)an edIm,IGaccat;víFankardMbUg eqøIytbeTAnwglkçxNÐenaH. RbsinebIGñkseRmcfaepJIB½t’manenH cUrbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;las;faenHCaBaküccamGaramEdlenABMuTan;)anepÞógpÞat; edIm,I[Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;vínicä½yeday xøÜnÉgGMBIrebobeFVIkarepÞógpÞat; b¤eFVIkarenAkñúglkçxNÐénBaküccamGaramTaMgenaH.

22 eTaHCay:agNak¾eday RtUvEtR)akdfa Gñk)anepÞógpÞat;B½t’manenH muneBlepJIecj. karxkxanCaeRcInelIkkñúgkareFVIEbbenH GacnwgeFVI[Gñk)at; bg;TMnukcitþ.



46

edIm,IedaHRsay»kasBaNiC¢kmµEdlrUbGñkxøÜnÉg)anlatRtdag b¤ )anvaytémøedayxøÜnÉg edayBMuman karesñIsMu[eFVIEbbenH GñkRtUvEtTTYl)anB½t’mandUcteTA ³

1>1 eQµaH nigGasydæanrbs;GñksYr nigeQµaHrbs;GñkTak;Tg.

1>2 lkçN³bec©keTslMGiténplitpl edIm,IGñkGaceFVIGtþsBaØaNRkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;smRsbmYyb¤eRcIn BI kñúgbBa¢Irbs;GñkGMBIRkumh‘unnaMecj. RtUvykcitþTukdak;CaBiess edIm,IbBa©Úlral;Tinñn½ybec©keTs sRmab;plitpl]sSahkmµ.

1>3 brimaNEdlRtUvkar .

1>4 ral;lkçxNÐ[mankBa©b;Biess karevcx©b; b¤ lkçxNÐGMBIkardak;søak b¤sBaØa.

1>5 »sanvaTEdlesñIsRmab;karRbKl;TMnij .

1>6 TRmg;énkarkMNt;éfø ¬dUcCa FOB, CIF ¦ rUbiyb½NÑEdlKYrEteRbIR)as;sRmab;karkMNt;éfø nig lkçxNÐEdlesñIsRmab;karTUTat;.

1>7 ral;B½t’‘manGMBIsavtarbs;GñksYr dUcCa GñkeRbIR)as;pÞal; Rkumh‘unnaMcUl GñkEckcay .l. sßanPaB \NTanrbs;Rkumh‘unenaH nigkitþinaménCMnYjenaH.

enAeBlEdlTTYl)anB½t’manenH TaMgB½t’man nigsMNYr KYrEtbBa¢Úntamry³meFüa)ayrh½sbMputEdl man CakarRbesIrtamGIuEm:l nig¼b¤ TUrsar edaypÞal;eTARkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg; EdlTMngCaGaceqøIytb. c,ab;cmøgén sarrbs;Gñk KYrEtbBa¢ÚntamvíFIdUcKña eTA TPO smRsb nig¼b¤ MoC edIm,Icat;karCabnþ.

Rkumh‘unEdlmanskþanuBlCaGñkpÁt;pÁg; KYrEt)anTTYlkaresñIsMu[bBa¢ÚnkarbBa¢ak;éfølMGit rYmCamYy kUnesovePAbgðajplitpl nig¼b¤ ÉksarENnaMsmRsb edaypÞal;eTAGñksYr edayepJImYyc,ab;mkkariiyal½y rbs;Gñk nigeTA MoC b¤ TPO enAkñúgRbeTsGñk edIm,Icat;karCabnþ.

Caerogral;elIk RtUvEtbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;las;eTARkumh‘unnaMcUlkñúgRsuk k¾dUcCaeTARkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;enA kñúgRbeTsGñkpgEdr faGñknwgRbwgERbg[Gs;lT§PaBedIm,ICYysRmYl b:uEnþnwgmincUlrYmedaypÞal;enAkñúg karcr carbs;BYkeKeLIy. BYkeKRtUvEtyl;fa kariyal½yrbs;Gñk minCaGgÁPaBEdledIrtYCaGñk]btßmÖenaHeT nigmin FanalT§plénkic©RbwgERbgrbs;BYkeK nigminr:ab;rgkarTTYlxusRtUvNamYy cMeBaHekrþ×eQµaH b¤ karRbRBwtþrbs; Rkumh‘un b¤ buKÁlNamYy EdlCaRbFanbTénkaresñIsMu b¤eyabl;rbs;GñkeLIy.

2> karsYrGMBIkarnaMecjeTARbeTseyIg TRmg;TUeTAmYyepSgeToténkarsYr Tak;TgeTAnwgkarnaMecjeTARbeTseyIg. RbsinebIRbeTsCam©as;pÞH

rbs;Gñk mantMNagBaNiC¢kmµpøÚvkarenAkñúgRbeTsrbs;eyIg GñkGacbEgVrsMNYreTAtMNagenaH b¤eTA TPO rbs; rdæaPi)alCam©as;pÞH. enAkñúgkal³eTs³xøH karCYyedaypÞal;rbs;Gñk GacmanRbeyaCn_Cag.



47

]TahrN_ KWCakarpþl;EdlTak;Tgnwg

2>1 smÖar³sMxan;² sRmab;ksikmµ b¤]sSahkmµ EdlmanBMuRKb;RKan;enATUTaMgBiPBelak nigRtUv)andwgfa kMBugmantRmUvkarenAkñúgRbeTsrbs;eyIg.

2>2 RbPBénkarpÁt;pÁg; EdlmanéføTabCag nig¼b¤ l¥Cag RbPBEdlmanRsab; dUecñHvapþl;karrMBwgTukGMBI karsMécrUbiyb½NÑbreTs nig¼b¤ snþisuxelIkarpÁt;pÁg;sRmab;RbeTseyIg .

2>3 karraraMgEdlGacekItmaneLIgcMeBaHTMnak;TMngl¥CamYyRkumh‘unnaMcUlFM² EdlGacmanbMNgnaMcUl plitplrbs;eyIg edayBMuTamTar[manskmµPaBdUcKñaenHeTAvíjeTAmk b¤ y:agehacNas; BIkic© RbwgERbgBIxagrUbGñk.

enAkñúgRbeTsxøH karCYyRkumh‘unnaMecjenAkñúgRsuk kñúgeKalbMNgrkSa b¤ BRgwgCMnYj[manPaBsIu sgVak;Kña b¤ TMnak;TMngpøÚvkar nig\riyabf GacCaerOgneya)ay . karsYredaypÞal;BIGgÁPaBBaNiC¢kmµrbs;rdæ b¤ GgÁPaBRbhak;RbEhlKñaenH b¤ BIm®nþIrdæaPi)al KYrEteyageTAGaCJaFrnana RbsinebIGñkminGacpþl;CMnYyeday pÞal; b¤ RbsinebIGñkcg; b¤ GñkmankatBVkic©tRmUv[eFVIEbbenaH.

3> sMNYrGMBIBn§Ky eKk¾GacmansMNYrpgEdr EdlTak;TgnwgGRtaBn§EdlCabnÞúkelIkarnaMcUlplitplBIRbeTsrbs;eyIg

cMNat;fñak;Bn§sRmab;plitplCak;lak; b¤ EbbbTBn§Ky nigrdæ)alelItaragBn§Ky. edaysarPaBsaMjaMuén RbkarEdlEckenAkñúgtaragBn§ niglT§PaBkñúgkarEkERbCaeTogTat;lIRbkarTaMgenaH GñkminKYrBüayameFVIkar bkRsayvaeLIy elIkElgEt kic©karEbbenH KWCaEpñkmYyénmuxnaTICMnajÉkeTsrbs;Gñk. enAkñúgkrNIepSg eTotTaMgGs; GñkKYresñIsMu[PaKIEdlmancMNab;GarmµN_eFVIkarTak;TgGaCJaFrKyedaypÞal; b¤ eFVIkartamry³ tMNagpøÚvkarenAkñúgRbeTseyIg.

4> sMNYrepSgeTotenAmUldæan eRkABIenHk¾nwgmansMNYrepSg²eTotcMeBaHGñkpgEdr b:uEnþGñkkRmmanehtupledIm,IBak;B½n§kñúgkareqøIy.

sMNYrTaMgenaHGacTak;TgeTAnwg):atg; b¤ nikçtþsBaØa b¤ Tak;TgnwgsiT§ielIkmµsiT§bBaØa EdlTak;TgnwgkarbegáItKMrU plitpl EdlenABMuTan;)anRbkasRbkbedayeCaKC½yenAeLIyenAelITIpSarkñúgRsuk b¤enAkñúgRbeTsdéTeTot. CafµÍmþgeTot GñkdéTGacmanbMNgpSBVpSayesvakmµrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgRbeTseyIg b¤ Tij b¤ lk;GclnRTBü. elIkElgEtmanKuNRbeyaCn_Cak;Esþg nigkarrMBwgTukBitR)akdGMBIplRbeyaCn_sRmab;RbeTs enAeBlenaH dMeNaHRsayRbesIrbMput KWRtUvpþl;eTA[GñksYrnUveQµaHGñkCMnajÉkeTssmRsb b¤ smaKmEdlBYkeKGac Tak;TgedaypÞal;.



48

K sMNYrBaNiC¢kmµBIRbeTseyIg1> lkçxNÐénB½t’man

mYyPaKFMéneBlevlarbs;GñkTMngCaRtUvepþateTAelIkareqøIyeTAnwgsMNYrmkBIGñkpÁt;pÁg;enAkñúgRbeTs eyIg EdlsMu[GñkCYyBYkeKkñúgkarEsVgrkTIpSarsRmab;plitpl nigesvakmµrbs;BYkeK. Gñkk¾nwgRtUveKsMu[ ENnaMGMBItMNagnanasmRsbenAkñúgmUldæanpgEdr.

edIm,ICRmuj[mancMNab;GarmµN_elIkarpþl;xagEpñkBaNiC¢kmµBIRbeTseyIg GñkRtUvEtGacpþl;eTA[ GñkTij b¤Pñak;garnananUvbrimaNy:ageRcInénB½t’manGMBITaMgplitpl nigRkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;. Cajwkjab; bBa¢IsMNYr BIRbeTseyIgBMupþl;[)anRKb;RKan;nUvB½t’manEdlGñkRtUvkarCacaM)ac;edIm,Icat;karRbkbedayRbsiT§iPaB kñúgkar eqøIytb CYsmux[GñksYreLIy.

sRmab;B½t’manRbePTenH GñknwgRtUvBwgEp¥kelIRbePTénplitpl. xageRkamenHKWCabBa¢IlMGit sRmab; karBinitü.

1>1 ÉksarvíciRtrUbkñúgcMnYnRKb;RKan; edIm,IGñkGacBinitüemIlcMNab;GarmµN_kñúgcMeNamRkumh‘unmYycMnYnCa bnÞan;. GñkGacRtUvkarc,ab;cmøgbEnßmsRmab;GñkEckcaybnþ Gñklk;ray b¤ GñkeRbIR)as;pÞal;. GaRs½yelIRbePTplitpl ÉksarenHRtUvEtbgðajBIktþanana dUcCa sNæan dMeNIrkar KuNPaB karevcx©b; niglkçN³bec©keTslMGitnana.

1>2 sMNak kñúgkrNIsmRsb.

1>3 B½t’manGMBIéføKitCarUbib½NÑEdlniym. éføKYrEtbBa¢ak;sRmab;plitplnImYy²dac;edayELkBIKña nig sRmab;brimaNEdlsRmYldl;karbBa¢ÚnTMnijedaycMNaytic edaymankarcuHéføsRmab;karTijdul enAkñúgkrNIsmRsb. kareFVIEbbenHGacTamTareKarBtameKalkarN_ FOB edaymankarkMNt;Tm¶n; sMbkekH nigvímaRt RsbtamTmøab;enAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµ b¤ eKalkarN_TaMgBIr. éføplitpl EdlKitbBa©Úl karbBa¢ÚnTMnijdl;EpeKaledA (CIF) KWCaCeRmIsEdlcUlcitþ.

1>4 kalvíPaKénkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijEdlGaceFVIeTA)an edayKitKUrpgEdrGMBIvtþmanplitplsRmab;karnMaecj nigPaBjwkjab;énkarBa¢ÚnTMnij edaymanbBa¢ak;esckþIlMGitGMBIktþaBak;B½n§RbcaMrdUv RbsinebITak;Tg.

1>5 kareRbIR)as; b¤GñkeRbIR)as;Cak;lak; CaBiess kñúgkrNIBak;B½n§CamYy]bkrN_bec©keTs. eQµaHyIeha nigkarhamXat;elIkareRbIR)as;EbbNamYy.

1>6 ]TahrN_GMBIvíFIFmµtaénkarEckcayplitplenHenAkñúgRbeTseyIgb¤ enAkñúgTIpSarnaMecjdéTeTot.

1>7 eQµaHGtItPñak;gar b¤GñkTak;TgEdlmanenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk lT§pl nigTsSn³GMBIkareFVICatMNag. etIRtUvkar[manPñak;garEdrb¤eT?



49

1>8 B½t’manGMBIGgÁPaBnaMecj. esckþIlMGitGMBIkarnaMecjEdl)anGnuvtþrYcmkehIy nigeKalneya)ay GMBIkarKaMRTelITIpSar tamTRmg;esvakmµeRkayeBllk;dac; éføsRmab;GMLúgeBleXasnaBaNiC¢kmµ b¤ karlk;edayRbKl;TMnijdl;kEnøgGñkTijpÞal; nigkarTukdak;kñúgXøaMg.

1>9 RbsinebIcg; b¤ caM)ac; etIGñknaMecjGaceFVITsSnkic©TIpSarenH)anEdrb¤eT?

2> CMhanEdlRtUvGnuvtþ 2>1 kic©dMbUgbg¥s;EdlRtUvbegáIteLIgenAkñúgkarpþl;esvakmµBaNiC¢kmµ KWfaetImankarnaMcUlplitplenaH

nigbrimaNénplitplenaH nigfaetIGñkpÁt;pÁg;RtUv)anTTYlkarRcanecalBITIpSarenH b¤)at;bg;PaB RbkYtRbECgtamTRmg;NamYy BIsMNak;bTb,BaØtþipøÚvkar b¤ maRtanana EdlrYmTaMg r)aMgminEmnBn§ Ky cMeBaHBaNiC¢kmµEdrb¤eT. B½t’manenHKYrEtmanenAkñúgÉksareyagrbs;Gñk.

2>2 bnÞab;mk cUreFVIkaresIubGegátRbePTTIpSar eBalKW etIplitplEbbenHGacRtUvEckcaytamvíFINa cMNab;GarmµN_kñúgcMeNammnusSEdlmanskþanuBlkñúgkarTij nigvtþman nigcMNab;GarmµN_rbs;GñknaM cUl b¤ Pñak;garEdlmansmtßPaBeFVICatMNagsmRsbsRmab;Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁt;.

2>3 cUreFVIr)aykarN_eTAGñksYrGMBIlT§plénkaresIubGegátrbs;Gñk edaybgðajGMBI ³ 2>3>1 Tinñn½ysßitiGMBIkarnaMcUl edaymaneyabl;GMBIninñakar nigGñkpÁt;pÁg;cMbg² .

2>3>2 r)aMgminEmnBn§KycMeBaHBaNiC¢kmµ RbsinebIman nigesckþIGFib,ayGMBIsßanPaBénBn§KyelI TMnijnaMcUl tamEdlnwgRtUvGnuvtþcMeBaHRbeTseyIg nigcMeBaHRbeTsdéTeTotpgEdr.

2>3>3 lkçN³smRsbénTMnij éfø karevcx©b; nigkarRbKl; eqøIytbeTAnwglkçxNÐénTIpSar.

2>3>4 bNþajCMnYsRmab;TIpSar nigeQµaHRbFansmaKmGñkeRbIR)as;pÞal;cMbg² .l. RbsinebIGñk elIkesñI[mankarlk;edaypÞal; nig

2>3>5 eQµaHGñkEdlmancMNab;GarmµN_elIkarnaMcUl Pñak;gar b¤ GñkTij TsSn³rbs;Gñk GMBIkareFVICa tMNag RbsinebIsmRsb.

cMNuc (2>3>1)nig (2>3>2) KWCakareqøIytbkRmitGb,brma eTAnwgsMNYrEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ. cMNuc (2>3>1) dl; (2>3>5) sRmab;r)aykarN_eBjelj.

GñkminGacrMBwgfamanRbtikmµEdlmanRbeyaCn_BItMNagénGnaKtGñkTijenaHeLIy elIkElgEtBYkeK manKMnitc,as;las;GMBIplitplEdlBak;B½n§ nigGMBIGñknaMecj EdlnwgkøayCaGñkpÁt;pÁg;eTAGnaKt. cUresñIsMu[ mankarNat;CYbpÞal; edIm,IbgðajCUnplitpl sYrsMNYrnana nigsÞabsÞg;kRmitRbtikmµedayTl;mux. kñúgkrNI GaceFVI)an cUrnaMykeTACamYynUvKMrUénplitplenaH.



50

CMBUk10

ePJóveTATsSnkic© enARbeTseyIg

»kasedIm,IeXasnaBaNiC¢kmµ GacRtUv)at;bg; RbsinebIGñkCMnYjenAkñúgmUldæanmindwgGMBITRmg;CaeRcIn énCMnYyEdlGñk nig MoC b¤ TPO Gacpþl;[. Cak;Esþg GñkKYrEtpþl;CMnYyTaMgGs;tamEtGaceFVI)an dl;ePJóv EdlCaGñkCMnYj EdlmancMNab;GarmµN_CaBiesselIkarTij b¤ vínieyaKkñúgRbeTseyIg. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday GñkGacmanGarmµN_fa karCYydl;ePJóvEdlGacmancMNab;GarmµN_EtelIkarlk;eTA[RbeTseyIg minEmnCakar TTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñkeLIy. b:uEnþ manehtupll¥CaeRcIn sRmab;karpþl;CMnYyEbbenH. enAkñúgxN³mYy Gñklk; mñak;GackøayCaGñkTij enAkñúgxN³mYyepSgeTot. tamry³karshkar nigpþl;B½t’man GñknwgbegáIt[man sucänÞ³ EdlenAéf¶mYyGacnaM[mankarnaMecjsRmab;lk;. dUecñH cUrbBa¢ak;GMBIkarCYybuKÁlNamñak;enAkñúgCMnYj EdlCaGñkelIkesñIeFVITsSnkic©RbeTseyIg b¤mYyedIm,ITij b¤ edIm,Ilk;.

k GtßRbeyaCn_

GñkTijmñak;EdlmkTsSnaRbeTseyIgGaceFVIkarelIExScgVak;énkarpÁt;pÁg;TaMgmUl cUremIlr)ayTaMgmUl énplitplEdlmansRmab;TIcMNab;GarmµN_rbs;Kat; cUrsikSa nigBiPakSaGMBIbec©keTsplit nigGMBIEpñkRtYt BinitüKuNPaB CamYyGñkbec©keTsenAnwgkEnøgpÞal; vaytémøGMBI]tþmPaB¼RbsiT§iPaB begáItTMnak;TMngCamYy buKÁlsMxan;² nigbnSl;TuknUvTMnukcitþEdlfa Kat;enAEtmankarBak;B½n§CamYyRkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;l¥²EdlGacman. elIsBIenH ePJóvTMngCaRtUvelIkTwkcitþdl;GñkpÁt;pÁg;[eFVITsSnkic©eTAkEnøgKat;víj EdlnwgBRgwgTMnak;TMng nig begáItRkumkargarEdlmansar³sMxan;sRmab;kareRCotcUlRbkbedayeCaKC½yeTAkñúgTIpSar. GtßRbeyaCn_bEnßm eTot KWfa GñkTijnwgpþl;B½t’man nigbTBiesaFn_d¾manRbeyaCn_EdlTak;TgnwgTIpSar dl;GñknaMecjEdl)aneFVI TsSn³kic©.

x karelIkTwkcitþ[manTsSnkic©xagCMnYj enAeBlGñkTTYYl)ansMNYrmYyBIGñkCMnYjmñak;kñúgmUldæan cUrsYrGMBIskmµPaBCMnYjrbs;Kat; nigbNþash

RKasEdlKat;GacmankarBak;B½n§CamYy. Kat;GacsaksYrEtGMBIplitplmYy edaysarKat;min)andwgfaRbeTs eyIgGacpþl;plitplepSgeTotEdlCaTIcab;GarmµN_. enAeBlEdlGñkTak;TgCamYymnusSsMxan;²EdlGac



51

køayCaGñkTij cUrelIkTwkcitþ[eKmkTsSnaRbeTseyIg. Gñkman»kasl¥bMputkñúgkarbBa©úHbBa©ÚlKat;[eFVIEbb enH RbsinebIGñkmancMeNHdwgGMBIplitpl plitkr nigskþanuBlrbs;RbeTseyIgkñúgkarbMeBjtRmUvkarrbs; Kat; nigRbsinebIGñkGacpþl;karENnaMxøH²dl;shRKasBaNiC¢kmµsmRsb.

karelIkTwkcitþ eRkABICMnYyRbkbedaysmtßPaB BMusUvCaRbkarcaM)ac;sRmab;Tak;TajGñkTijsmRsb eLIy RbsinebIGñkmanrbs;EdlKYrpþl;[. GñkCMnYjEdlmkdl;kñúgRbeTseyIgkñúgnamCaGñkeTscr nigEsVgrk B½t’man nigkarNat;CYb edayKµankarCYyENnaM nwgRtUv)anbg;eBlevlad¾mantémø nig)at;bg;mnusSsMxan;²Edl GacTak;Tg)an nig»kasl¥². RbsinebIKat;TTYl)anCMnYyEpñkbec©keTsRbkbedayPaBsñiT§sñal enAcugTaMg sgxag nigseRmceKalbMNgrbs;Kat;)an Kat;nwgminRtwmEtR)ab;eTAshkarIrbs;Kat;GMBIbTBiesaFn_b:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþEfmTaMgGnÞHsarkñµúgkarrkSaTMnak;TMngpÞal;xøÜn Edl)anbegáItrYcmkehIy nigbegáItCMnYjEdl)ancab;epþImrYc mkehIyenaHpgEdr.

K kareFVIdMeNIrCaRkum

cUrrkSaTMnak;TMngCamYyTIPñak;garkñúgRsukEdl]btßmÖnigcat;EcgebskkmµCMnYj eBalKW RksYgBaNiC¢kmµ sPaBaNiC¢kmµ RKwHsßan]sSahkmµ nigsmasKmRkumh‘unGahrN nignIhrN. cUrBüayameronsURtGMBIebsk kmµEdl)aneRKagTuk[)anTan;eBj edIm,IbBa©úHbBa©ÚlBYkeK[dak;bBa©ÚlRbeTsrbs;GñkeTAkñúgkmµvíFIenaH Rbsin ebIvaRtUvKñaCamYyrebobvar³ nigeKalbMNgénebskkmµenaH.

cUrerobcMbBa¢IeBjeljmYyénsmaKmGñkCMnYjnigkøwbenAkñúgRbeTsedIm,IsRmYldl;kareFVIdMeNIrCaRkum. etIGñkNaxøHEdlCasmaCík enAkñúgRkumGñkEdlGacTijplitplrbs;eyIg? cUrEsVgrkGñkTaMgGs;enaHtamEt GñkGaceFVI)an GMBIskmµPaBnanarbs;smaKmEdlBak;B½n§ nigcMNab;GarmµN_énsmaCíkrbs;BYkeK. cuHbBa¢IGMBI ehtuplénkarelIkTwkcitþsmaCíkRkummYy[mkTsSnkic©RbeTseyIg nigKitKUrGMBIetIeFVIEbbNaeTIbGñkGaceFVI [mandMeNIrTsSnkic©mYyEdlKYr[cab;GarmµN_ nigpþl;pll¥. cUrerobcMeRtomlkçN³[)anl¥Camun nigedaH RsaytRmUvkarCak;lak;nImYy²CamunsRmab;RkumeKaledAnImYy². bnÞab;mk esñIsMukarGeBa¢Ij[BYkeKmancMNab; GarmµN_enAkñúgBiFIBisarGaharéf¶Rtg; nigkarRbCMuepSg²eTot b¤EsVgrksmaCíkEdlman\T§iBlBIr b¤bIrUbenAkñúg GgÁkarnImYy² EdlnwgbegáIncMNab;GarmµN_kñúgcMeNamshesvíkrbs;xøÜnmkelIsMeNIrrbs;Gñk.



52

CMBUk11

TMnak;TMngGñksarB½t’man

edayehtufa eKkRmmanFnFanRKb;RKan;sRmab;yuT§nakarpSBVpSay cUrRbwgERbg[Gs;lT§pledIm,I

TTYl)ankarpSBVpSayeday\tKitéfø eRkamTRmg;TMB½rbNÑaFikarEdlcuHpSaysaFarN³. kñúgn½yenH cUreFVIGtþs BaØaNsarB½t’mansmRsbsRmab;eKalbMNgrbs;Gñk nigKitKUrGMBIyuT§saRsþedIm,IbBa©ÚlB½t’manrbs;GñkenAkñúg enaH. víFImYyedIm,IeFVIkic©karenH KWRtUvsaksYreTAGñkTak;TgkñúgmuxCMnYjnUvRkummnusSEdlGñkBüayamcg;pSBV pSay[dl; nUvRbePTTsSnavdþIEdlBYkeKGacCaRbcaM.

k karcuHpSayBiess enAkñúgRKb;RbeTs]sSahkmµ nigenAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_CacMnYnkan;eRcIneLIg manTsSnavdþIBaNiC¢ kmµCaeRcInEdlbeRmI]sSahkmµ BaNiC¢kmµ b¤ víC¢aCÍv³Cak;lak;. karEckpSayrbs;BYkeKTMngCamineRcIneT b:uEnþ RKbdNþb;elIPUmisaRsþFMeFg. BYkeKcuHpSayCaRbcaMnUvdMNwg nigB½t’manepSgeTotEdlmincuHpSayedayTsSna vdþITUeTA. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday enAeBleXasnaRbePTmuxTMnijenAkñúgtMbn;PUmisaRsþtUc sarB½t’manRbcaMéf¶ GacCameFüa)aysmRsbCageK. TsSnavdIþGñkeRbIR)as; GacsmRsbCageKsRmab;bgðajépÞerOg muxTMnijfµÍ² nigpSBVpSayGMBIplitpldUcCacMNIGahar semøókbMBak; nig]sSahkmµeRKOgsgðarwmenAtameKhdæan.

x etIRtUvsmøwgemIlGVIenAkñúgkarcuHpSay

enAkñúgRbeTs]sSahkmµFM² GñkGacmin)andwgGMBITsSnavdþITaMgGs;eLIy. GñkRtUvEteFVIGtþsBaØaN TsSnavdþIBaNiC¢kmµ nigsarB½t’mannaMmuxeKmYycMnYn EdlBak;B½n§nwgplitplrbs;eyIg. enAeBlEdlGñk)aneFVI EbbenHrYcehIy etIGñkKYrrkemIlGVIxøHeTotenAeBlsikSaGMBIkare)aHBum<pSayTaMgenaH?

etIBYkeKcuHpSayGtßbTGMBIRkumh‘un b¤ plitplCak;lak;Edrb¤eT?

etImanGVIxøHTak;Tgnwgplitplnana EdlTMngCaTak;TajcMNab;GarmµN_BYkeK?

etIBYkeKmancMNab;GarmµN_elItYelxsßiti nigninñakarenAbreTs b¤ lkçN³ÉkCnEdrb¤eT?

etIBYkeKcuHpSayGtßbTvíciRtrUbGMBI]sSahkmµTaMgmUl EdlrYmbBa©ÚlGMBIRbeTseRkAEdrb¤eT?

etIGtßbTrbs;BYkeKTMngCaEp¥kelIesckþIraykarN_ b¤ karRbkasB½t’manEdrb¤eT?



53

etIr)aykarN_eFVIeLIgedaybuKÁlikrbs;BYkeKpÞal; b¤edayGñkeRkA?

etIBYkeKmanEpñkmYy b¤ eRcInsRmab;dMNwgxøI²Edrb¤eT?

etImankarEbgEckEbbNaenAkñúgkarcuHpSay eyagtamRbFanbTnImYy²?

etIBYkeKeRbIR)as;rUbft nig RbsinebImaneRbIR)as; etIsRmab;RbFanbTGVIxøH nigetIBYkeKykcitþTukdak; cMeBaHrUbftTaMgenaHEbbNa?

K esckþIRbkasB½t’man 23

ral;karcuHpSayRtUvBwgEp¥k eRcIn b¤ tic elIesckþIRbkasB½t’man. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday brimaNCa eRcInénÉksarEbbenHRtUv)anTTYl nige)aHecal edayBMumaneRbIR)as;eLIy. kic©karrbs;GñkKWRtUv ³

eFVIGtþsBaØaNRkummnusSCaeKaledA EdlGñkcg;pSBVpSay[dl; eRCIserIsmeFüa)ay eBalKW karcuHpSayEdlTMngbMputfanwgdl;RkummnusSTaMgenaH erobcMesckþIRbkasB½t’man Edlnwgman»kasRKb;RKan;sRmab;karcuHpSay nig

epJI b¤ykl¥RbsinebIGñksÁal;mnusSsmRsb RtUvkan;B½t’manTaMgenaHedaypÞal;eTAkariyal½ycuHpSay.

TidæPaBcMbgcMnYnBIr énesckþIRbkasB½t’man KW matika nigkarbgðaj

1> matika esckþIRbkasB½t’manmYy RtUvEtpSMedaydMNwg ehIydMNwgenaHRtUvEt ³

1>1 CaesckþIBit ³ eCosvagB½t’manTUeTAminc,as;las;.

1>2 Tan;eBl ³ P¢ab;sac;erOgeTAnwgRbkarmYy EdleFVI[manlkçN³Tan;eBl.

1>3 RbkbedayGtßn½y ³ sac;erOgRtUvEtpþl;CacMNab;GarmµN_EdlBak;B½n§sRmab;karcuHpSay. cMNucnanaEdlmanenAkñúgesckþIRbkasB½t’manEdleFVI)anl¥ ³

1>4 cMNgeCÍgxøI EdlkMNt;GtþsBaØaNRbFanbT nigpþl;GMBIcMNucsMxan;²énépÞerOg 1>5 esckþIsegçbénsac;erOg EdlmanRKb;cMNuclMGitsMxan;² enAkñúgvaküx½NÐdMbUg ³ etImanGVIekIteLIg b¤

nwgekIteLIg eQµaHGgÁPaB mnusS plitpl b¤ esvakmµEdlBak;B½n§ kalbriecäT nigeBlevla RbsinebI Bak;B½n§ TIkEnøg nigsar³sMxan;éndMNwgenaH.

1>6 RbeyaKxøI niggayRsYlyl; nigvaküx½NÐxøI². 1>7 dMeNIrerOgBitCak;lak; nigkareRbobeFobsuRkwtü RbsinebIGaceFVI)an.

23 sRmab;eKalbMNgénkareXasnasRmab;karnaMecj cUrepþatelIkaresckþIRbkasB½t’manEdlRtUvKñaCamYycMNab;GarmµN_rbs;TIPñak;garsarB½t’man mYycMnYn CagepþatelIkarecjesckþIRbkasB½t’manCaTUeTA.



54

1>8 PaBkøahan. RbsinebIGaceFVI)an esckþIRbkasB½t’manKYrEtkRmitmin[elIsBImYyTMB½rRkdasFmµta. 1>9 esckþIRbkasB½t’manKYrEtcg¥úlbgðajpgEdrBIkEnøgEdlGñkniBn§GacrkB½t’manbEnßm ¬eQµaH elxTUr

s½BÞ GasydæanéRbsNI GIuEm:l nigeKhTMB½renAkñúgGiunFWNit¦.

2> rcnabT rcnabTk¾mansar³sMxan;pgEdr.

2>1 cUreRbIR)as;RkdasEdlmank,allixite)aHBum<CaBiesssRmab;eRbIkñúgkareFVIesckþIRbkasB½t’manrbs; Gñk edaymanBakü {esckþIRbkasdMNwg} b¤ {esckþIRbkasB½t’man} enAxagelI tamTMhMFMCabgÁÜr. eQµaHsßab½nrbs;Gñk KYrEtrMelc[)anc,as; ¬sUm,IEtesckþIRbkasB½t’manenHecjedayTIPñak;garTMnak; TMngsaFarN³k¾eday¦. eKGace)aHBum<enAxagelI b¤xageRkambMput. KYreRbITMhMRkdase)aHBum<Fmµta. CakarRbesIr cUreRbIR)as;Rkdastamxñatsþg;dar eRBaHfaGñkGacTTYl)aneRcInCagmYyTMB½r.

2>2 eRbIR)as;EtTMB½rmçagénsnøwkRkdas.

2>3 eTaHCaeRbIR)as;RbB½n§ftcmøgEbbNak¾eday c,ab;cmøgKYrEts¥at nigGan)an.

2>4 cenøaHbnÞat;manTMhMFMBIrbnÞat; edayrkSaTukEKmsgxag[)anFMTUlay .

2>5 RtUvEtcuHkalbriecäTénsac;erOgenAxagelI. RbsinebIsac;erOgminEmnsRmab;karcuHpSayCabnÞan; RtUv sresrnAxagelIfa {hamcuHpSayrhUtdl; ¬kalbriecäT eBlem:ag RbsinebIcaM)ac;¦}

2>6 KµankarKUsbnÞat;BIeRkamGkSr. KµankarsresrCaGkSrFM elIkElgEtsRmab;GkSrkat; nigRtUvcab;epþIm edaymanRbeyaK nigeQµaH)anRtwmRtUv.

2>7 KµankareRbIGkSrkat;enAcugRbeyaKeLIy dUcCa “ITC”, “UNCTAD”, nig “WTO’.

2>8 cUreRbIR)as;ek,ósedayRbugRby½tñ ³ cMeBaHGtßbTmkBIRbPBmYyepSg elIkElgEt)anmkBIesckþIEføg karN_Cak;Esþg b¤ snÞrkfa.l.

2>9 RbsinebIépÞerOgEvgCagmYyTMB½r cUrsresrBakü {¬t¦} enAxagcugxageRkaménTMB½rnImYy². kwbsnøwk TaMgGs;Cab;CamYyKñaenARTg;RCugelIxageqVgédénRkdas.

3> karEckcay 24

cUrBüayamEckpSayesckþIRBagB½t’maneTAbuKÁl b¤ nayksarB½t’manCak;lak;. cMeBaHsarB½t’manEdl sMxan;bMputnana cUrtamdankarpøas;bþÚrbuKÁlik edIm,IeFVIbc©úb,nñPaBGasydæanTak;Tg. b:uEnþsRmab;sarB½t’manPaK eRcIn GñkRtUvEtEckpSayesckþIRbkasB½t’maneTAGasydæan{niBn§nayk} {niBn§naykEpñkplitplfµÍ²} {niBn§

24 enAkñúgRbeTsxøH manesvakmµTMnak;TMngsaFarN³tamRbB½n§TUrs½BÞ. cMeBaHkarbg;kéRmRbcaMqñaM BYkeKnwgcak;pSayesckþIRbkasB½t’manrbs;Gñk edaypÞal; tamry³TUrelxedaypÞal; eTATIPñak;garsarB½t’manCaeRcIn. kareFVIEbbenHmanlkçN³gayRsYlsRmab;karRbkasB½t’manCalkçN³TUeTA nigGacseRmckic©karCaeRcIn nigCYykat;bnßykargarTaMgTgnwgéføbBa¢Únlixit nigkarerobcM.



55

naykEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ} nig{niBn§naykEpñkkarbreTs}. l. RbsinebIGñkmanKMnitc,as;las;GMBIrcnasm<½n§cat; taMgxagkñúgénTIPñak;garsarB½t’mannana y:agehacNas;GñkGacEckpSayesckþIRbkasB½t’maneTAcMEpñkEdl TTYlbnÞúkEtmþg. GñkGacRbmUlpþMúbBa¢Irbs;Gñk tamry³CMnYjBIesovePAmKÁúeTsk_xagEpñkB½t’man nigesovePA eQµaHnigGasydæanGñksarB½t’man nigtamry³karBinitüemIlsarB½t’mannanaedaypÞal;.

KYrepJIesckþIRbkasB½t’manTUeTA [eTAesvakmµB½t’manFmµtapgEdr. TIPñak;garB½t’manTaMgenaHxøHGac mankariyal½ytMNagrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgTIRkugrbs;Gñk. karsÁal;GñksarB½t’manGacCYyGñk[EsVgyl;)anbEnßm eTotGMBItRmUvkarcuHpSayrbs;BYKeK nigedIm,IeFVI[BYkeKTTYlyk)ankan;EteRcInnUvesckþIRbkasB½t’manrbs;Gñk sRmab;karcuHpSay.

X snñisITsarB½tman nigBiFIsVaKmn_TTYltamTsSn³GMBIkarpSBVpSayCasaFarN³ karCYbCMuénGñksarB½t’man Gackan;EtmanRbsiT§iPaB Cagkar

eFVIesckþIRbkasB½t’man edaysarvaGacbegáIncMNab;GarmµN_rbs;GñksarB½t’manenAkñúgsac;erOgmYy. snñisIT b¤ BiFIsVaKmn_TTYlpÞal; GackøayCaRBwtþikarN_EdlCadMNwgmYy. b:uEnþ eKcaM)ac;RtUvEtbegáItdMNwgEdlCacMNab; GarmµN_BitR)akd minEmnRtwmEtCadMNwg EdlRKan;EtRbkasB½t’mank¾GaceFVI)anEdrenaHeT. ehtuplxøaMgCageK KWtamFmµta »kasedIm,ICYbCamYymnusSEdlBak;B½n§ edIm,IsYrBYkeKnUvsMNYrnana EsVgrkB½t’manbEnßmeTotRsb KñaCamYycMNab;GarmµN_edayELkrbs;GñkTaMgenaH nigbegáItcMNab;GarmµN_pÞal;xøÜn. mnusSEdlGñkGeBa¢Ij[ mkCYbCamYyGñksarB½t’man KYrEtmanectna nigGaceqøIysMNYrnana. PaBTak;TajmYyYepSgeTotsRmab;Gñksar B½t’man KW»kasedIm,IeXIj edIm,IBinitü nigRbEhlCa edIm,Isakl,gplitplEdlBak;B½n§enaH.

GñkGaceRbIR)as;karCYbCMuénGñksarB½t’manenAkñúg»kasxus²Kña. enAeBlEdlm®nþIsMxan;mkBIRbeTs eyIg kMBugsßitenAkñúgRbeTs edIm,IcrcaelIkic©RBmeRBogBaNiC¢kmµ karerobcMsnñisITsarB½t’manmYyGacpþl;Ca evTikasmrmüsRmab;RbkaspSayGMBIkic©RBmeRBogenaH nigedIm,IBiPakSaGMBIkarBak;B½n§énkic©RBmeRBogenaH skþanuBlénkarnaMecjrbs;RbeTseyIg nigCMhrrbs;RbeTselIkic©karNamYyEdlenAmanCavívaT. y:agehac Nas;snñisITsarB½t’manmYy RtUverobcMeLIgsRmab;tMNagnanakñúgkarcuHpSayGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ GacCYypSBVpSay CasaFarN³GMBIkic©RBmeRBogCMnYjcMbgfµÍmYy RbsinebIeKalkarN_cMeBaHmuxKWedIm,IBiPakSakic©karenaH. CafµÍmþg eTot BiFIsVaKmn_TTYlGñksarB½t’man KYrEtCaEpñkmYyCasþg;darénkarpSBVpSayCasaFarN³sRmab;ebskkmµ BaNiC¢kmµ nigkartaMgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµpgEdr.

cUrcgcaMRbkarxageRkamenHenAkñúgcitþ enAeBlerobcMsnñisITsarB½t’man b¤BiFIsVaKmn_TTYl.



56

kmµvíFI ³ kmµvíFIsRmab;snñisITsarB½t’man GacmanTRmg;gay ³ esckþIepþImxøImYyeFVIedaym©as;BiFI esckþI Rbkas b¤ esckþIEføgkarN_mYyEdlerobcMTukCamun edayvaKµinsMxan; ¬vaKµinmYycMnYn¦ ry³eBlsRmab; sYr-eqøIy nigGacmanry³eBlsRmab;hUbGaharsRmn;xøImYy EdlenAkñúgenaHGñkykB½t’manGacCECk eRkApøÚvkarCamYyvaKµinnana.

karENnaMdl;vaKµin ³ kñúgnamCaGñkerobcMsnñisITsarB½t’man GñkKYrENnaMdl;vaKµin nigGñkcUlrYmdéTeTot GMBIeKalbMNg kmµvíFI TIPñak;garsarB½t’manEdlTMngCa)ancUlrYm cMNab;GarmµN_Cak;lak;rbs;BYkeK nigsMNYrEdlrMBwgTuk. 25

eBlevla ³ eBlevlasRmab;snñisITsarB½t’manmYy Gacman\T§iBlmkelITMhMénsac;erOg. Gñknwgman »kasl¥bMputedIm,ITak;TajGñksarB½t’mantamEdlGñkcg; RbsinebIGñkerobcMkmµvíFIenHenAkñúgem:ageFVI kar ¬EdlrYmTaMg em:agBisarGaharéf¶Rtg;¦. liixitGeBa¢Ijrbs;GñksRmab;karcUlrYmEbbenH KYrEt ³

- bBa¢ak;GMBIRbePTénbdisNæarkic© - KUsbBa¢ak; ]TahrN_ edaydak;Bakü “RSVP” ¬sUmeqøIytbCamun¦ EdlbBa¢ak;fa Gñkcg;)an

kareqøIytbCamun edaypþl;eQµaH elxTUrs½BÞ nigGasydæansRmab;Tak;Tg - manPa¢b;CamYynUvkmµvíFI RbsinebIkmµvíFImanEcglMGit nigmanbBa¢IeQµaHvaKµin. 26

muncab;epþImBIFI cUrerobcMbBa¢IeQµaHGñksarB½t’manEdlrMBwgfanwgcUlrYm edaymaneQµaHTIPñak;garsar B½t’man sRmab;CaB½t’mandl;vaKµin nigGñkcUlrYmepSgeTot.

ÉksarEcksRmab;Eck³ RtUvEcgesckþIRbkasB½t’manenAkñúgsnñisITsarB½t’manTaMgGs; nigenAkñúgBiFI sVaKmn_TTYl EdlbgðajBIkarRbkasEdl)aneFVIeLIg b¤ dMNwgepSgeTot EdlTak;TgCamYyBiFIenaH. RbsinebImankarRbkasCapøÚvkar cUrdak;bBa©ÚlGtßbTTaMgRsug CakarbEnßmBIelIesckþIRbkasB½t’man RbsinebIGaceFVI)an.

TItaMg ³ cUrerobcMsnñisITsarB½t’man b¤BiFIsVaKmn_TTYlenAkEnøgmYyEdlGñksarB½t’mangayeTAdl; BI kariyal½yrbs;BYkeK. cMeBaHsnñisITsarB½t’man b¤ BiFIsVaKmn_TTYlgaymYy KYrEtmanGFib,aybBa¢ak; GMBIbrikçarnanapgEdr.

RtUvFana[manbrikçarbec©keTscaM)ac;nana dUcCa TUrs½BÞ TUrsar esvaGiunFWNit brikçarsemøgsRmab;vaKµin kEnøgedatePøIgsRmab;karbMPøW søay m:asIunbBa©aMgrUbPaB b¤ m:asIunbBa©aMgPaBynþ .l.

25 RtUvpþl;eyabl;dl;BYkeKGMBIRbFanbTEdlGacnaM[)ak;mux b¤ qÁaMqÁg EdlGacekIteLIg nigÉkPaBelIfaetIRtUvedaHRsayRbkarTaMgenaHEbbNa. cUrÉkPaBKñapgEdr GMBIGñkNaKYrniyayGMBIGVI nigGMBIry³eBlénsnÞrkfanImYy². cUreRtomRKb;;B½t’manBitR)akdTaMgGs; nigtYelxsßitiEdlman . 26 cUrP¢ab;CamYynUvlixitpÞal;xøÜn b¤ GacCakUnesovePA sþIBI»kasEdlTak;TgCamYysnñisITsarB½t’mannana edIm,Ipþl;CaeKalKMnigGMBIGVIxøHEdlGacCa cMNab;GarmµN_énsarB½t’man EdlGacCYykñúgkarsRmYl[mankarcUlrYm)aneRcIn.



57

CMBUk12

BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµsmRsb

CaeKalkarN_ GñkKYrEtcUlrYmedayeBjeljenAkñúgkarseRmcGMBIfaetIRtUverobcMBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµenAkñúg EdndIrbs;Gñk nigenAkñúgkareRKagTuksRmab;eFVICabnþbnÞab; karGnuvtþ nigskmµPaBCabnþEdrb¤y:agNa. enAkñúg krNIPaKeRcIn TPO, MoC b¤ RKwHsßandéTeTot enAkñúgRbeTseyIg nwgcab;ykkarTTYlxusRtUvbzmelIkic©kar cMbg²EbbenH dUcCa kareRCIserIsnaykBiB’N[)ansmrmü nigBaNiC¢kmµEdlmanbTBiesaFn_elIkarsagsg; karcat;EcgedIm,I[mankarcUlrYmedayshRKasnanaBIRbeTseyIg kareRCIserIsPñak;garbBa¢Únbnþ nigrt;kar karerobcM nigbBa¢ÚnvtßútaMgBiBN’ kartemøIgsmÖar³sRmab;dak;taMg karCYlbuKÁlikbEnßm nigkarRKb;RKgTUeTA elIkarcUlrYménRbeTseyIgenAkñúgBiFIenaH. MoC b¤ TPO k¾GaceFVIkarvaytémøGMBIkarcUlrYménRbeTseyIgenA kñúgBiB’NenaHtamry³TMnak;TMngCabnþedaypÞal;CamYyGñkerobcMBiBN’RKb;rUbenAeRkaycb;BiFItaMgBiBN’pgEdr.

k etIBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ nig¼b¤ kartaMgBiBN’ KWCaGVI?

BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµsßitkñúgcMeNambec©keTsrYménkareXasnasRmab;karnaMecj EdleRbIR)as;edayrdæaPi )al. BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµGacsßitkñúgcMeNamvíFIEdlmanRbsiT§iPaB b:uEnþ edayELklT§plry³eBlEvgeRcInEtman kRmitTab ebIeRbobeFobnwgeBlevla nigkarcMNay. xageRkamenHCaehtuplxøH²éncMNucexSay ³

karxkxankñúgkareFVI[karcUlrYmenHkøayCaEpñkmYyénkmµvíFIEsVgrkTIpSarTUlMTUlay

eKalbMNgminc,as;las; xVHB½t’manGMBITIpSar PaBminsmRsbénBiBN’ sRmab;plitplEdldak;taMg b¤ sRmab;edaHRsaykarRbQmxagTIpSar PaBminsmRsbénplitplEdlRtUvbBa©ÚleTAkñúgTIpSar Gñkcat;EcgBiBN’min)aneRtomlkçN³sBVRKb;sRmab; b¤ minmancMMNab;GarmµN_elITIpSarenaH karRBRBwtþmin)ansmrmüedayGñkcat;EcgkartaMgBiBN’ sþg;sßitenATItaMgmin)anl¥ karerobcMbgðajmin)anl¥ nigRKb;RKgmin)anl¥ fvíkamantictYceBk

kartaMgTMnij b¤ smÖar³sRmab;pSBVpSaymin)ansBVRKb; rbs;xUc b¤ mkdl;yWt



58

karRbkaspSayCasaFarN³Camunmin)anRKb;RKan; mancMnYnGñkcUlrYmTsSnatictYcenAkñúgBiBN’ kareRKagTukmanry³eBlxøIeBk b¤ KµankareRKagTuk nigKµanskmµPaBBinitüemIlbnþ.

enHCaRbkarsMxan;sRmab;GñkedIm,IEsVgyl;GMBIrebobeCosvagcMNucxVHxatTaMgenH.

1> BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµpþl;plRbeyaCn_nanadUcxageRkamenHdl;GñktaMgBiBN’

1>1 karRbmUlpþMú ³ karCYbTl;mux KWCavíFIEdlmanRbsiT§iPaBbMput énkarlk; b¤ CRmujplitpl. b:uEnþkar CYbEbbenHnwgGacekIteLIg)aneT enAeBlEdlGñkTijsßitenAq¶ayBIKñaenAkñúgEdndIFMTUlay. kñúgeBl EdlkarpSBVpSayBaNiC¢kmµGacbBa¢ÚnB½t’mandl;mnusSCaeRcIn vaminmanRbsiT§iPaBdUcCakarlk;Tl; muxeLIy. BiBN’BaNiCkmµEdlerobcMeLIg)anl¥mYy rYmbBa©ÚlGtßRbeyaCn_énkarlk;cMeBaHmux nig karpSBVpSay. vanaMmkbBa©ÚlKñanUvGñkTijCacMnYneRcInenAkñúgkEnøgmYy nigpþl;»kasTaMgsRmab;bgðaj nUvsarmYyGMBIkarlk;enAcMeBaHmux nigkñúgkarpþl;cemøIycMeBaHsMNYrnanapgEdr.

1>2 karbgðajplitpl ³ BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµeRcInEtCavíFanEdlmanRbsiT§iPaBbMputedIm,Ibgðajdl;GñkTij nUvplitplrbs;BYkeK. RbkarenHsRmab;cat;EcgcugeRkayelIkarlk;.

1>3 karvaytémøRbtikmµrbs;GñkTij ³ BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ pþl;»kassRmab;kareqøIytbPøam²BIsmaCíkén BaNiC¢kmµ. GñktaMgBiBN’eRcInEtEsVgrkCabnÞan; RbsinebIplitplrbs;Kat;smRsbsRmab;TIpSar b¤ etIKYrEtEkERbEbbNaedIm,IeFVI[vasmRsb. vak¾Gacpþl;lT§PaBkñúgkarTTYl)anRbtikmµcMeBaHplit plmYyBIGñkeRbIR)as;pgEdr. b:uEnþ edaysarBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµminsuT§EtTak;TajtMNagBIkñúgcMeNam mnusSRKb;RsTab;kñúgcMeNamsaFarNCneLIy dUecñH RbtikmµEbbenHGacminsUvmanRbeyaCn_eLIy.

1>4 cMNab;GarmµN_rbs;GñkcUlTsSna³ GñkCMnYjmkTsSnaBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ edaysarBYkeKmancMNab; GarmµN_kñúgkaremIlGVIEdlkMBugdak;taMgsRmab;lk;. BYkeKTMngCakMBugsßitenAkñúgRkbx½NÐénkarTij dUecñHBYkeKTTYlykvíFannana Ep¥kelIeKalKMniténkarpÁt;pÁg;edayRkumh‘unfµÍ.

1>5 pSBVpSaydl;BaNiC¢kr¼édKUEdlminsÁal; ³ bBaðamYykñúgcMeNambBaðananaenAkñúgTIpSar CaBiess enAkñúgTIpSarnaMecj KWkareFVIGtþsBaØaNRkumEdlnwgkøayCaGñkTij GñknaMcUl b¤ GñkepSgeTot Edl GacCYylk;plitplenaH. GtßRbeyaCn_sMxan;mYyénBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ sßitenARtg;fa vaGac[GñktaMg BiBN’CYbmnusSEdlebIKµanBiBN’EbbenHeT eKBitCalM)akTak;TgGñkTaMgenaH.

1>6 emIleXIjPaBRbkYtRbECg³ BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµFM²mansar³sMxan;sRmab;GñktaMgBiBN’enAkñúgRkumh‘un sMxan;²enAkñúgvís½yerogxøÜnrbs;BYkeK. GtßRbeyaCn_mYykñúgcMeNamGtßRbeyaCn_nanarbs;GñkcUlrYm



59

enAkñúgBiBN’EbbenH KWlT§PaBkñúgkarsikSaGMBIplitpl nigbec©keTsxøH²elITMnak;TMngTIpSarrbs; Rkumh‘unnana EdlmaneCaKC½yrYcmkehIyenAkñúgTIpSarenaH.

2> b:uEnþBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ mancMNucexSayxøH²pgEdr 2>1 kardak;taMgenAkñúgBiBN’ RtUvcMNayeRcIn nigRbsinebIcMNayeRcIneBkelIBiBN’ eKenAsl;fvíkamin

eRcInRKb;RKan;sRmab;víFIepSgeTotedIm,IeFVITMnak;TMngTIpSareLIy EdlGacbMeBjeKalbMNgnanaénkar naMecjrbs;RbeTseyIgRbkbedayRbsiT§iPaBx<s;CagelIkarcMNay.

2>2 BiBN’smrmüenAkñúgTIpSarEdlCaeKaledAGaTiPaB minsuT§EtGaccat;Ecg[ekItmanenaHeLIy.

2>3 sþg;tUc² sUm,IEtsþg;rbs;Cati GacgayRtUveKemIlrmøgenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµFM².

3> bec©keTsepSgeToténTMnak;TMngTIpSar manGtßRbeyaCn_Cak;lak;rbs;va ]TahrN_ ³ 3>1 karRsavRCavGMBITIpSar EdleFVIeLIgedayGñkRsavRCavÉkeTs Gacpþl;Tinñn½ysuRkwtü nigeBjelj

Cag EdlGacRbmUl)anenAkñúgBiBN’mYy.

3>2 karcat;Ecg[manTsSnkic©CalkçN³buKÁlsRmab;karlk; GacFana[mankarCYbmnusScMeKaledA nig cMNayeBleRcInCamYyBYkeK CagenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµmYy.

3>3 ebskkmµBaNiC¢kmµ GacTak;TajsaFarNCn nigpþl;GtßRbeyaCn_RbEhlKñanwgvíFIénkarlk;tamry³ kareFVITsSnkic©CalkçN³buKÁlpgEdr.

3>4 GtßbTGMBIkarCRmujdl;karlk; GacbBa¢ÚneTAmnusSeRCIserIsCacMnYneRcIn edaycMNaytic.

3>5 karpSBVpSay nigkarcuHpSaytamsarB½t’man GacCYyrkSakaryl;dwgGMBIRbeTseyIg nigGMBIplitpl CabnþbnÞab;.

3>6 karcat;Ecg[manTsSnkic©edayGñkTijenAtamshRKasplitkmµénRbeTseyIg GacCavíFImYyEdl manRbsiT§iPaBedIm,IbBa©úHbBa©ÚlBYkeK[yl;GMBIsmtßPaBpÁt;pÁg;rbs;Rkumh‘unkñúgRbeTseyIg.

sßanPaBnImYy²énTIpSarTamTar[manPaBcRmuHedayELkBIKñaénbec©keTseXasnaplitpl. karBwgEp¥k

EtelIbec©keTsEtmYy EdlrYmTaMg BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ esÞIrEtminRKb;RKan;Tal;EtesaH. Casegçb BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ KYrEtcat;Ecg[manEtenAeBlvaBitCasmRsb. KYreRbIR)as;bec©keTsepSgpgEdr enAeBlvasmRsbCag.



60

x karseRmccUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ27

1> karBicarNaTUeTA lT§plminl¥BIBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµmYy eRcInEtvílRtLb;eTArkkarseRmcxus GMBIkarcUleTAkñúgBiBN’enaH

taMgBIedImdMbUg. CaGkusl GñkEdlTTYlxusRtUvelIkarcat;Ecg[mankarcUlrYm GacminmansiT§ibeBa©jeyabl; enAkñúgkarseRmcBIedImdMbUg. dUecñH vaCaRbkarsMxan;EdlGñkRtUvEtyl;[)aneBjeljGMBItYnaTIBiBN’BaNiC¢ kmµenAkñúgkareXasnasRmab;karnaMecj. munnwgeFVIkarseRmccUleTAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ GñkRtUvBicarNasMNYr dUcxageRkamenH ³

1>1 etIenHCaTIpSarsMxan; b¤ EdlGacsMxan;sRmab;plitplrbs;Gñkb¤eT?

eKminEdlmanR)ak;RKb;RKan;sRmab;eXasnakarnaMecjenAkñúgRKb;TIpSareLIy dUecñHCakarRbesIrKWRtUv cMNa yR)ak;EdlmanenAkñúgTIpSarEdlGacpþl;pll¥CageK. enaHGacCaTIpSarEdlGñk)anlk;dac;eRcInRkas;ERk lrYcmkehIy b¤kEnøgEdlmanPsþútagfa karlk;)aneRcInEbbenaH edaysarmankareXasna)anRKb;RKan;. 1>2 etIplitplnanabMeBjtamlkçxNÐTIpSarEdrb¤eT?

eKGacTTYlplGaRkk; eRcInCagpll¥ BIkarbgðajplitpl EdlminRtUvtamsþg;dar nigcMNg;cMNUlcitþenA kñúgTIpSar. 28 tamry³kareFVIEbbenH GñktaMgBiBN’nwgminRtwmEtbraC½ykñúgkarlk;b:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþk¾RbQm nwghaniP½ykñúgkarbegáItcMNab;GarmµN_minl¥ EdlGacbgákarlM)aksRmab;karlk;eTAGnaKtpgEdr. GñkKYr EtdwgGMBIktþadUcxageRkamenH munnwgseRmccUleTAkñúgBiBN’ ³

1>2>1 éføplitplTaMgenHenAkñúgTIpSar29

1>2>2 lkçxNÐTIpSar Tak;Tgnwg lkçN³bec©keTslMGit KuNPaB søaksBaØa nigkarevcx©b; 1>2>3 cMNg;cMNUlcitþelI rsCati BN’ nigrcnabT .l

RbsinebIcaM)ac; cUreFVIkarRsavRCavGMBITIpSarenaH edIm,ITTYl)anB½t’manenH. RbsinebIminGacvas;plitpl TaMgenaH)aneT KYrEkERbplitplTaMgenaH b¤ mincaM)ac;bgðaj. RbsinebIRbeTseyIgBMumanplitplRKb;RKan; sRmab;TIpSareTenaH eKBMuRtUv]btßmÖ[mansþg;CatienAkñúgBiBN’mYyeLIy.

1>3 etIRbeTseyIgplit)anRKb;RKan;sRmab;bMeBjtamtRmUvkarEdrb¤eT?

27 Gacmanehtuplneya)ay b¤ehtuplepSgeTot sRmab;karcUleTAkñúgBiBN’’BaNiC¢kmµ enAkñúgRbeTsNamYy b:uEnþ tamTsSn³xagBaNiC¢kmµ ehtuplbzm KYrEtCaskþanuBlkñúgkarlk; . 28 eBalKW RsaeborGgÁr nig GiucRsþaresþA Edl)anbBa©ÚlenAeBlmunenHeTAkñúgTIpSarenAeqñrsmuRTxagekItén s>r>Ga enATsvtSr_qñaM 2000. 29 Ibid.



61

RbsinebIminRKb;RKan;eT eKmanehtupltictYcNas;kñúgkardak;taMgenAkñúgBiBN’. smtßPaBminRKb;RKan;min RtwmEtCakarkMhitelIkarlk; nigplcMNUlsRmab;karvínieyaKenAkñúgBiBN’b:ueNÑaHeT k¾buEnþnwgnaM[mankar minGacTukcitþelIkarRbKl;TMnijpgEdr EdlGaceFVI[xUckitþiysénRbeTseyIg. CaCagBRgIkkic©RbwgERbg eXasnaenAkñúgTIpSareRcIn eFobnwgsmtßPaBEdlGacbeRmI)ansmrmü CakarRbesIrRtUvepþatkarykcitþTuk dak;elITIpSarCacMnYnticCag nigksagmUldæanrwgmaMsRmab;kMeNIneTAGnaKt. 1>4 etIGVIxøHCakarRbQmrbs;GñkxagTIpSar enAkñúgTIpSarenH? eRkABIkarpÁt;pÁg; GñkRtUveFVIGtþsBaØaNkarRbQmepSgeTotxagTIpSar munnwgGaceFVIkarseRmc fakardak; taMgenAkñúgBiBN’mYy nwgCYyedaHRsaykarRbQmTaMgenaHb¤eT. karRbQmTaMgenaHbegáItCamUldæanedIm,I seRmcGMBIeKalbMNgénkarcUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’mYy.

1>5 etIkarcUleTAkñúgBiBN’NamYy KWCavíFIRbesIrbMputedIm,IseRmceKalbMNgrbs;GñkEdrb¤eT? RbsinebIGñkRtUvkarcaM)ac;RtwmEtTak;TgCamYyGñkTijFM²mYycMnYntUcb:ueNÑaH edIm,Ilk;plitpl b¤ RKan;Et edIm,IRbmUlB½t’manGMBITIpSarmYy enAeBlenaHkartaMgenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµmYy KWCavíFIénkarcMNayEdl mincaM)ac;edIm,IedaHRsaykic©karenHeT. karlk;nImYy² b¤ TsSn³kic©RsavRCavenATIpSarNamYy GaccMNay ticCag nigRbEhlCamanRbsiT§iPaBCag. TsSn³kic©TaMgenHGacrab;bBa©Úl TsSnkic©enAkñúgBiBN’mYy eday BMucaM)ac;dak;taMgenAkñúgBiBN’enaHeLIy. 1>6 etIenHCaBiBN’l¥CageKmYyEdlKYrcUlrYmEdrb¤eT? eQµaHBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ Gacminpþl;B½t’manRKb;RKan;eLIy b¤ sUm,IEtkarPan;RcLMk¾lM)akpgEdr. munnwgeFVI karseRmcmYy facUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’mYy GñkRtUvRbmUlB½t’manGMBITsSnikCn nigRbePTplitplEdldak; bgðaj. Tinñn½yTaMgenHnwgRtUvvíPaK edayeRbobeFobeTAnwgeKalbMNgénkarEsVgrkTIpSarrbs;Gñk edIm,I[ eXIjfa etIBiBN’enaHGacCYseRmceKalbMNgTaMgenaHEdrb¤eT. Tinñn½yTaMgenHk¾RtUvEtykmkeRbobeFob CamYyTinñn½ysþIBIBiBN’déTeTotpgEdr EdlGacmanlkçN³smRsbCag.

1>7 etIRtUvcMNayb:unµanedIm,IeFVIkartaMgbgðajRbkbedayRbsiT§iPaB? tamFmµta kartaMgbgðajenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµmYyRbkbedayeCaKC½y KWCaRbtibtþikarmYyEdlRtUvcMNay x<s;Nas;. eKRtUvcMNayR)ak;eTAelIkarpSBVpSaytamTRmg;xøH² dUcCa eTAelIkarCYlsþg;FMRKb;RKan; Edl GacTak;TajcMNab;GarmµN_ elIkarbegáItrcnabT nigEtglm¥sþg; edIm,IbegáIt[mancMNab;GarmµN_l¥ nigeTA elIkardwkCBa¢Ún nigR)ak;kéRmsRmab;buKÁlik EdlcaM)ac;sRmab;cat;EcgdMeNIrkar[manRbsiT§iPaB. RtUv BicarNaGMBIéføTaMgenH nigkarcMNayepSgeTot edayRbugRby½tñ munnwgseRmcdak;taMgkñúgBiBN’mYy. 1>8 etIlT§plmankarTak;TajRKb;RKan; eFobnwgéføcMNayEdrb¤eT?



62

TIpSarenHGacmanGMeNaypll¥ plitplGacTTYlyk)an nigBiBN’)ancat;Ecgy:agl¥. b:uEnþ eKenARtUv KitTukCamunGMBIplcMeNj dUcCa karlk;)anbEnßm EdlGacminmankRmitRKb;RKan;eLIy eFobnwgkarcMNa yelIkarcUlrYmkñúgBiBN’enH CaBiessebIeRbobeFobCamYyvíFIepSg²eTot EdlGacRtUvcMNayR)ak;pgEdr enaH.

1>9 etIRkugPñMeBj)aneRtomlkçN³RtwmkRmwtNaehIyedIm,IvínieyaKenAeRkayeBlbBa©b;BiBN’enH? kartaMgenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµmYy eRcInEtCakarcab;epþIméndMeNIrkard¾EvgmYyénkarGPivDÆTIpSar. eKRtUv EtbnþTak;TgKña ehIyeKGacRtUvcMNayR)ak;bEnßmeTotedIm,IvínieyaKelIkic©karnana dUcCa karevcx©b; kar pSBVpSay TsSn³kic©CaeTogTat; nigkardak;taMgbgðajeLIgvíj enAkñúgBiBN’NamYyeTAGnaKt. kic©karTaMg Gs;enH TamTarminRtwmEtkarcMNayR)ak;b:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþeBlevlaRKb;RKgpgEdr. elIkElgEtGñknaMecj )aneRtomlkçN³rYcCaeRscedIm,IGnuvtþtamkarebþCJaTaMgenaH ebIBMuenaHeTeKnwgRtUvx¢Hx¢ayR)ak; tamry³kar cUleTAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ ehIy MoC b¤ TPO nwgRtUvx¢Hx¢ayR)ak;kñúgkarKaMRTdl;kic©karTaMgenH.

2> karkMNt;eKalbMNg karkMNt;eKalbMNgnanac,as;las; KWCaCMhandMbUgy:agsMxan; enAkñúgkareRCIserIsBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ nig

kareRKagcUlrYm[manRbsiT§iPaB. karkMNt;eKalbMNg KWCadMeNIrkarmYy minEmnCaCMhanEtmYyenaHeT. dMbUg MoC b¤ TPO eRkamkic©shRbtibtþikarCamYyGñknaMecjrbs;eyIg RtUvEtkMNt;eKalbMNgFMTUlayénkar eXasnaBaNiC¢kmµ EdlTak;TgnwgTaMg]sSahkmµ EdlRtUveXasna nigkarlk;RbePTplitplCak;lak;enAkñúg TIpSarCaeKaledA. manEtenARtg;cMNucenHeT EdlGñkGacmanmUldæanrwgmaMsRmab;eRCIserIsBIkñúgcMeNambec©k eTseXasnaBaNiC¢kmµxus²Kña EdlrYmTaMg BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ nigsRmab;kareRCIserIsBiBN’Cak;lak;pgEdr.

]TahrN_nanaGMBIeKalbMNgTUeTAxagEpñkTIpSar KW:

2>1 EsVgrkGñknaMcUl b¤ Pñak;gar 2>2 seRmc)ankarlk;plitplmYyenAkñúgTIpSarfµÍmYy

2>3 begáInbrimaNlk;plitplCak;lak;NamYy

2>4 begáInéføEdlTTYl)anBIplitplCak;lak; 2>5 lk;eTA[]sSahkmµ b¤ EpñkmYyénBaNiC¢kmµCaelIkdMbUg

2>6 eFVI[GñkeRbIR)as;sÁal;kat;Etc,as;GMBIplitplmYy

2>7 begáItrUbPaBCak;lak;mYysRmab;plitplmYy GñkpÁt;pÁg;mYy b¤ RbeTseyIgTaMgmUl.



63

karkMNt;;eKalbMNgenAkñúgdMNak;kaledImdMbUgbMput KWCaRbkarsMxan;Nas; minRtwmEtedIm,IseRmccUl eTAkñúgkartaMgBiBN’mYyb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþedIm,IksagEpnkarelITidæPaBxus²KñaénkarcUlrYmpgEdr. karkMNt; eKalbMNgnana k¾mansar³sMxan;pgEdr edIm,IGnuvtþmuxgarTIbI eBalKW karvaytémølT§plénBiBN’enAeRkay BIFIenHcb;eTA.

3> kareFVIGtþsBaØaN nigkarvaytémøBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ víFIRbesIrbMputedIm,IkMNt;rkvtþmanénBiBN’smRsb KWRtUvsYrmnusSEdlrs;enAkñúgTIpSar nigEdlsßitenA

kñúgBaNiC¢kmµEdlBak;B½n§enaH. ebIminGaceFVIEbbenH kareRbIR)as;esovePAeQµaH nigGasydæan k¾manRbeyaCn_ pgEdr. BiBN’ b¤ kartaMgbgðaj manPaBxus²KñatamEbbCaeRcIn. BiFInImYy²GacseRmceKalbMNgxus²Kñaén karEsVgrkTIpSar. kartaMgbgðajnImYy²RtUvEt)anTYYlkarvíPaK nigvaytémø)anc,as;las; eFobnwgGaNtþi eKal bMNgxagTIpSar munnwgeFVIkarseRmcNamYyfaetIKYrEteFVIkartaMgbgðajEdrb¤eT. 30

3>1 RbePTBiBN’ BiBN’nanaGacEbgEckeTAtamvíFIxus²Kña nigminsuT§EtRsbKña\tex©aHenAkñúgRkumNamYyeLIy b:uEnþ PaK eRcInKYrEtsßitenAkñúgRkumNamYy kñúgcMeNamRkumnanadUcxageRkamenH ³

3>1>1 BiBN’cMbg²TUeTA RKb;muxTMnijsRmab;kareRbIR)as; nigTMnij]sSahkmµ RtUvEt)antaMgbgðaj. BiBN’RtUvebIkcMhsRmab; karTsSnaCasaFarN³ b:uEnþGñkCMnYjk¾dUlrYmpgEdr. GñkTsSnaGacmkBIfñak;GnþrCati fñak;Cati tMbn; b¤ fñak;extþ. BiBN’cMbg²TUeTA mansþg;ÉkeTsnana b:uEnþGñktaMgBiBN’breTsCaeRcInRtUv)ankMNt;enAkñúg sþg;GnþrCati. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday enAkñúgRbeTsCaeRcIneRkABIGWr:ubxaglic nigGaemrikxageCÍg BiBN’TUeTA GacCaRbePTBiBN’EtmYyKt;Edlman.

3>1>2 BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµÉkeTscMbg² 31

BiBN’TaMgenH RtUv)anerobcMeLIgCaBiesssRmab;GñkCMnYj b:uEnþBiBN’xøHk¾ebIk[saFarNCn Edltam FmµtasRmab;Etem:agNamYykMNt;Etb:ueNÑaH. BiBN’enHmanlkçN³ÉkeTseTAtam]sSahkmµ b¤vís½y BaNiC¢kmµ ¬]Ta³ Gahar b¤ Es,k¦ b¤CYnkal eTAtamRbePTTIpSar ¬]Ta³ mnÞIreBTü b¤ salaeron¦.

30 BiBN’BIrmindUcKñaenH ehIykar[niymn½y nigcMNat;fñak; Cak;lak;minGaceFVI)aneT. eKKµanBaküEdlGacTTYlyk)an sRmab;eFVIGtþsBaØaN lkçN³énBiBN’mYy tamry³eQµaHBiBN’enaHb:ueNÑaHeT. Baküfa “fair’’, “exhibition”, “track show” nigBaküdéTeTot RtUv)aneRbIR)as; CMnYsKñaeTAvíjeTAmk. Baküfa {GnþrCati} nigCajwkjab;RtUv)aneRbIR)as;edayesrI edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIkRmitsMxan; b¤ kRmitGnþrCati énBiBN’enaH. 31 RbsinebIGñkBüayamcUleTAkñúgTIpSarmYy BiBN’TaMgenHpþl;»kasd¾l¥ edIm,IEsVgrkPñak;gar b¤ GñknaMcUl¼GñkEckcay. enAeBlGñkbegáItTItaMgkñúg TIpSarenHehIy Cajwkjab;BiBN’enHGacRtUv)aneRbIR)as;sRmab;;KaMRTtMNag edayeFVIkarTak;TgCamYyGñkTijkñúgvís½y]sSahkmµ Gñklk;ray .l.



64

GñkTsSnaGacsßitkñúglMdab;GnþrCati nigfñak;Cati nigeRcInEtrYmbBa©Úl mnusSmkBIBaNiC¢kmµ nig]sSa hkmµ enAkRmitxus²Kña.

tamFmµta TaMgenHKWCaBiBN’EdlmanRbeyaCn_ edaysarvaTak;TajGñkCMnYjCacMnYneRcIn mkBIvís½yBak;B½n§nana. edayELk enAGWr:ubxaglic GñktaMgbgðaj enAkñúgBiBN’ÉkeTsmYy Gacdwgc,as;fa PaKeRcInénGñkCMnYj EdlKat;cg;Tak;TgenAkñúgRbeTsenaH CaGñkmkTsSna BiBN’enaH TnÞwmnwgGñkCMnYjCaeRcInepSgeTot mkBIRbeTsepSgpgEdr. b:uEnþ vaGaRs½yelI GñktaMgbgðajmñak;² kñúgkarBüayamTak;TajGñkTaMgenaHkñúgcMnYneRcInsmRsb[mksþg;rbs; BYkeK ehIykalNaBiBN’kan;EtFM kareFVIEbbenHkan;EtlM)ak.

3>1>3 BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµlMdab;TIBIr BiBN’RbePTenHEckecjCaBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµFM²mYycMnYn. eTaHbI eKmincat;vaCalMdab;CamYyBiBN’ BaNi C¢kmµcMbgk¾eday BiBN’EbbenHk¾mansar³sMxan;pgEdrenAkñúgvís½yBak;B½n§rbs;BYkeK. BiBN’EbbenH rab;bBa©Úl kartaMgbgðajÉkeTs EdlGacsßitenAkRmitGnþrCati b¤ kRmitCati k¾dUcCa kartaMgBiB’N ÉkeTskRmittMbn; b¤ kRmitextþpgEdr. tamFmµta mankarGnuBaØat[TsSnasRmab;EtGñkCMnYjb:ueNÑaH ehIyBiBN’fñak;tMbn; nigfñak;extþCaeRcIn epþateKaledACaBiess EtelIGñklk;rayb:ueNÑaH.

enAeBlmanvtþmanenAkñúgTIpSar BiBN’TaMgenAfñak;Cati nigfñak;tMbn; GacCameFüa)ayd¾sMxan; edIm,IQandl;kareFVIBaNiC¢kmµenARKb;lMdab;fñak;. BiBN’TaMgenaHpþl;»kasedIm,IBRgwgkar Eckcay b¤ edIm,IbegáInkareRCotcUlénTIpSar. enAkñúgvís½ynana dUcCa semøókbMBak; nig vtßúGanusSavrIy_ BiBN’ÉkeTsTaMgenHeRcInEtCabNþajsMxan;sRmab;cUleTAkñúgBiBN’enHCa eTogTat;. Cajwkjab; víFIRbesIrbMputedIm,IeFVIEbbenH KWtamry³kic©shRbtibtþikarCamYy GñkEckcay.

3>1>4 BiBN’vtßúeRbIR)as; GñkTsSnaBiBN’EbbenH eRcInEtCasaFarNCnTUeTA b¤mYyGñkenAkñúgtMbn;Cítxag b¤ mkBIEpñknanaén RbeTsenH. PaKeRcInénBiBN’TaMgenH manlkçN³TUeTA EdlTak;Tgnwgplitpl Edlmanbgðaj nig cMNab;GarmµN_rbs;TsSnikCn b:uEnþmanBiBN’vtßúeRbIR)as;sMxan;²CaeRcIn EdlmanÉkeTsxag rfynþ TUk {pÞH}.l. RbsinebIplitplnanarbs;Rkumh‘unnaMecjmYy manenAkñúghagnana nigGaceFVIGtþsBaØaN )anPøam² vaGacmanRbeyaCn_kñúgkarerobcMBiBN’vtßúeRbIR)as;sRmab;Ca]bkrN_pSBVpSay Ca



65

Biess RbsinebIGñkNamñak;eFVIkartaMgbgðaj CamYyGñklk;raycMbgmYy Edl)ancat;Ecg plitplTaMgenaHrYceTAehIy.

3>2 Tinñn½yGMBIGñkTsSna 32

vtßúsMxan;CageKEtmYyKt;sRmab;Gñk EdlRtUvEsVgrkTak;TgnwgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµmYy munnwgelIkGnusasn_[ GñknaMecjrbs;eyIgdak;taMgbgðajenAkñúgBiBN’enaH KWetIGñkNaxøHnwgcUlmkTsSnakartaMgbgðajenaH. eKalbMNgénkarcUlrYm KWeXasnaplitplenAkñúgcMeNamGñkmkTsSna. GñkKYrEtyl;c,as;fa GñkTsSna KWCaGñkEdlGñktaMgBiBN’cg;eXIj. kargarenHBak;B½n§nwgbIdMNak;kal ³

3>2>1 eFVIkarkMNt;[)anc,as;las;GMBImnusSCaeKaledArbs;Gñk

3>2>2 eFVIGtþsBaØaNRbPBedIm nigRbePTePJóv Edl)ancUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’EbbenaHkalBIqñaMmun² nig

3>2>3 vaytémøkRmiteBjcitþrbs;mnusSCaRkumeKaledArbs;Gñk nigGñkTsSnaCak;Esþg.

3>3 Tinñn½yGMBIBiBN’ edIm,IvaytémøGMBIBiBN’mYy RbkarsMxan;KWRtUvTTYl)anB½t’maneRcIntamEtGaceFVI)an GMBIGñkNaxøHdak;taMg bgðajenAkñúgBiBN’enaH nigetImanRbePTplitplGVIxøHEdlBYkeKtaMgbgðaj. cUrBüayamepþatelIBiBN’mYy Edlbgðajplitplnana Rbhak;RbEhlnwgplitplrbs;Gñk. ebIeTaHCakareFVIEbbenHnwgnaM[GñksßitenA kñúgbriyakasRbkYtRbECgk¾eday BiBN’enHTMngCamankarTak;TajePJóvcMnYneRcInEdlmancMNab;GarmµN_ BitR)akdkñúgkarmkemIlplitplEbbenH.

K kareRKagcUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµmYy1> tRmUvkarB½t’man

enAeBlEdlesckþIseRmcmYy)aneFVIeLIg GMBIkarcUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµmYy ehIynaykKeRmag RtUv)anEtgtaMgenAkñúgRbeTseyIg Kat;EtgRtUvkarB½t’many:ageRcIn edIm,IeRKag nigGnuvtþKeRmagenaH[)aneCaK C½y nigRtUvBwgEp¥kelIrUbGñkedIm,ITTYl)anB½t’manTaMgenaH. eKRtUvkarB½t’manBIrEbbCacaM)ac; KW ³

1>1 B½t’manGMBIBiBN’pÞal; nig

1>2 B½t’manGMBITIpSar.

GñktaMgBiBN’nanaRbEhlCaminTan;manB½t’manPaKeRcInkñúgéd b¤ dwg)anenAeLIyeT ehIykarRsavRCav 32 Gñkcat;EcgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ GacRbmUlTinñn½yGMBIKuNPaB edaytRmUv[ePJóvTaMgGs;cuHB½t’mankñúgbBa¢ImYy munnwgGnuBaØat[BYkeKcUl nig tamry³ karsmÖasGñkTsSnamYycMnYn. BiBN’Edlpþl;Tinñn½yl¥bMput RtUveRbIR)as;bgÁMúénbec©keTsTaMgBIrenH. RtUvRsg;ykbBaða edIm,IbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;las; fa víFIGVIRtUv)aneRbIR)as; edIm,IbegáItTinñn½y Edlpþl;edayGñkcat;EcgBiBN’enaH. elIsBIenH cUrepÞógpÞat;kRmitTukcitþ)anénB½t’man edayeyageTA ktþinamrbs;Gñkcat;Ecgnana b¤ eTAGñkvaytémøÉkraCü RbsinebIGaceFVI)an.



66

GMBITIpSarKWCakarcaM)ac; edIm,ITTYYl)anB½t’manTaMgenaH RbsinebIenABMuTan;)aneFVIenAeLIymuneBlseRmcfacUlrYm enAkñúgBiBN’enaH. enAkñúgBiFINamYy eKGacRtUvRbmUlB½t’manbEnßm. kargarenHKYrEteFVIenAkñúgdMNak;kaledIm dMbUgénkarerobcMBiBN’enaH. bBa¢IB½t’manTIpSar EdlGñkRtUvrk[)an nwgmanbgðajCUnkñúg]bsm<½n§3-4.

2> karpþÜcepþÍmelIksMeNIBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµmYy RbsinebIGñkkMBugpþÜcepþÍmelIkGnusasn_edIm,I[mankarcUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµmYy cUUrerobcMGnusa

sn_hµt;ct; nigeBjeljmYy tamEtGaceFVI)an eRBaHfa ³ 2>1 GñkRbEhlCaRtUvbBa©úHbBa©ÚlGaCJaFrrbs;eyIgfa BYkeKKYrEtéllkmUlniFinigFnFandéTeTotsRmab;

sMeNIrbs;Gñk edayRtUvbnßykarcMNayelIKeRmagdéTeTotenAkñúgTIpSardéTeTot.

2>2 GaCJaFrrbs;eyIgnwgRtUvkarCacaM)ac;nUvB½t’manEbbenH edIm,IbBa©úHbBa©ÚlGñkdéTeTot EdlKYrEtcUlrYm enAkñúgkartaMgBiBN’enH.

2>3 éføcMNaykñúgsMeNIrbs;Gñk RtUvEtmanrYmbBa©ÚlenAkñúgkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMrbs;Gñk sRmab;GMLúg eBlEdlBak;B½n§.

3> cMNat;karelIkarTTYlyksMeNI 3>1 karRsavRCavCabEnßmGMBITIpSar RbsinebImankarGnum½tÉkPaBelIsMNIrbs;Gñk ehIyrdæaPi)aleyIgenARkugPñMeBjseRmccUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’ cUrbnþeTACMhanTIBIrénkarRsavRCaveRtomerobcMrbs;GñkGMBITIpSar Pøam²tamEtGaceFVI)an eRkayeBlman karÉkPaB. GñknwgRtUvkarry³eBly:agehacNas;bIeTAR)aMmYyExKitcab;BIkalbriecäTénkarseRmcCak; lak;edIm,IeFVIkarRsavRCavRtwmRtUv ehIyGaCJaFrenAkñúgRbeTsrbs;eyIgk¾RtUvkareBldUcKñaenHpgEdr. 3>2 r)aykarN_GMBIkareFVIEpnkar Pøam²eRkaymankarseRmccUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’ cUrsMukarGHGagbBa¢ak;BI MoC b¤ TPO GMBIkarTTYlxusRtUv rbs;Gñk. GaCJaFrrbs;eyIgnwgRtUvpþl;karENnaMGMBIkic©karCaeRcInsRmab;karkMNt;fvíka nigkarcat;Ecg erobcM. cUrcab;epþIm[)anqab;tamEtGaceFVI)an edIm,IRbmUlB½t’man EdlnwgCYyCamUldæansRmab;r)aykar N_rbs;GMBIEpnkarrbs;Gñk. kic©karEdlCakgVl; rYmman³ 3>3 karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñk

karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñk Tak;TgnwgkarcUlrYmdak;taMgbgðajkñúgBiBN’ RtUvEtmanbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;.



67

CMBUk 13

karcUlrYm enAmunkñúgGMLúgeBl nig

eRkayeBlBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ

k kareFVIEpnkar

kareFVIEpnkaredayRbugRby½tñ mansar³sMxan;CaGayuCÍvít. Pøam²eRkayeBlEdlmankarseRmccUl eFVIkartaMgbgðajenAkñúgBiBN’mYy cUrGñkcab;epþÍmcab;ykkarTTYlxusRtUveBjeljPøam kñúgnamCaGñksRmb sRmYlkñúgmUldæan sRmab;ral;skmµPaBEdlTak;TgnwgBiBN’ elIkElgEtmankarENnaM. kic©kardMbUg nigsMxan; bMputrbs;Gñk KWkarbegáItEpnkarkargarmYy nigkalvíPaK.

1> EbbbTeFVIEpnkar EpnkarEdlmanRbsiT§iPaBmYyGacerobcMeLIgEtenAeRkaymanGnuvtþCMhandMbUgnanadUcteTA ³

1>1 RtUveFVIGtþsBaØaNkic©kar nigskmµPaBcaM)ac; 1>2 RtUvEbgEckkarTTYlxusRtUvelIkarGnuvtþkic©karnImYy²

1>3 RtUv):an;RbmaNGMBIeBlevlacaM)ac;sRmab;kic©karnImYy²

1>4 kMNt;GMBIlMdab;lMedayénkic©karnana. eKalbMNgénkarbegáItEpnkar KWeFIV[mnusSRKb;rUbEdlmankarBak;B½n§enAkñúgkartaMgbgðaj nigenA

kñúgkareRtomerobcM dwgGMBI ³ 1>5 etIKat;TTYlxusRtUvelIGVIxøH? 1>6 etIKat;RtUvcab;epþImkic©karrbs;xøÜnenAeBlNa? 1>7 etIBYkKat;RtUvbegðIykargarTaMgenaHenAeBlNa?

RKb;TidæPaBénkarcat;Ecgsagsg; nigEtglm¥ nigkarTTYl)ankarGnuBaØat nigtemøIg]bkrN_sRmab; taMgbgðaj TamTar[mankarykcitþTukdak;hµt;ct;CaTIbMput. cUreRKag[eBlsRmab;karBnüaNamYyEdlKµankar rMBwgTuk b¤ EdlminGaceCosvag)an nigkarlM)aknanaenAkñúgkarrerobcMkalvíPaKsRmab;kic©karenH.



68

2> viFIsMxan;²énlMnaMkargar kñúgn½yenH GñkRtUvEtGnuvtþvíFIsMxan;²énlMnaMkargar (CPM). dMbUg cUrkMNt;etIskmµPaBGVIxøHEdl RtUv

EtGnuvtþkñúgeBlCamYyKñaenAmunkartaMgBiBN’ ¬eBalKW skmµPaBRsbKña¦ nigEdlRtUvEteFVICalMdab;lMeday. bnÞab;mk cab;epþImKitRtLb;eRkayvíj edayepþImecjBIéf¶semÖaFBiB’N KUsvasskmµPaBTaMgenaHenAelIpÞaMgRk dasmYy TaMgskmµPaBEdlRtUveFVIRsbKña nigEdlRtUveFVIVCabnþbnÞab;Kña. tamry³karbegáItkalbriecäTCacMNuc edAedIm,IbegðIyskmµPaBnImYy² lMnaMpøÚvcaM)ac;rbs;GñknwgelceLIgy:agc,as; eRkamrUbPaBCalMnaMpøÚvEdlEvgCa geKenAkñúgbNþajskmµPaBnana. vaCakarcaM)ac;edIm,IeFVIkic©karenH enAkñúgdMNak;kaledImdMbUg edIm,IkMNt;faetI vanwgGaceFVIeTA)anEdrb¤eT edIm,I[RbeTsrbs;eyIgGaccUlrYmenAkñúgBiFIenHenAkñúgry³eBlEdlman.

edIm,IFanafa ral;karcat;EcgcaM)ac;GaceFVIeTA)ankñúgeBlsmRsb nigral;»sanvaTGacseRmc)an kar eRbIR)as;taragBinitüenAkñúg]sm<½n§ 5 BitCamanRbeyaCn_sRmab;kareRbIR)as;.

x sMukarGnuvtþedIm,IbBa¢Ún]bkrN_ nigPñak;garbBa¢Ún]bkrN_

CMnYyenAkñúgkarsMukarGnuBaØatBIGaCJaFrmansmtßkic© mansar³sMxan;Nas; RbsinebIPaKeRcInénsmÖar³ sRmab;kartaMgbgðajCarbs;RtUvnaMcUl. RbsinebIGñkRtUveRCIserIsPñak;garmYy CakarRbesIrRtUvsMu[mankardak; CUnÉksarkMNt;éføCamunBIPñak;garBIr b¤bI. karBicarNaelIéfø minEmnCaktþaEtmYyKt;kñúgkareRCIserIsenaHeT. RbPBnanadUcCa GaCJaFrKy FnaKar shesvíkrbs;GñkenAtamsßanTUtdéT GaCJaFrRKb;RKgBiBN’ sPaBaNi C¢kmµ Rkumh‘unFM² EdleRKagcUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’enaH nigsmaKmGñkÉkeTsnana EdlCYlTIPñak;garenaH RbsinebIman KYrEtCaGñkGacpþl;karENnaMGMBIeQµaHPñak;garEdlmansmtßPaB.

GñkGacbMejcitþxøÜnÉgelIcMNucmYycMnYnTaMgenH edayesñIsMu[Pñak;garEdleRCIserIsTaMgenaHdak;karedj éfø nigsYrsMNYrCabEnßm. karGeBa¢Ij[cUledjéfø KYrEteFVIeLIgtamvíFImYyEdlGac[BYkeKeRbobeFobéføelI EpñknImYy² eFobnwgkarbBa¢ÚnsmÖar³eTAdl;kEnøgtaMgBiBN’ b¤ TIItaMgerobcMBiBN’ ebIksMbkekH kardak;]bkrN_ enAkñúgTIkEnøgsRmab;dak;taMgbgðaj dak;Rbdab;karBarTl;nwgkar)ak;Ebg b¤ kar)at;bg; RtYtBinitüsareBIP½NÐ sMGatTIkEnøgsRmab;dak;taMgbgðaj bBa©ÚleTAkñúgekH rkSaTuktamkarcaM)ac; nigkarbBa¢ÚnRtLb;mkvíj.

K karcat;EcgedIm,IbBa¢ÚnsmÖar³

rUbGñkRtUvmanPar³TTYlxusRtUvelIkarENnaMdl; MoC b¤ TPO enAkñúgdMNak;kaledImdMbUgGMBIRbkar nanaEdlTak;TgnwgkarbBa¢Ún]bkrN_ nigbTb,BaØtþixagEpñkKy CaBiess EdlTak;TgnwgBiBN’. RbsinebI



69

GaCJaFrRKb;RKgBiBN’ BMu)ancat;EcgcgRkgCaÉksar[)anRKb;RKan;GMBIRbkarTaMgenHeT GñkRbEhlCaRtUvBwg Ep¥kelIPñak;garEdlTTYlbnÞúkelIkarsMukarGnuBaØattaMgBIdMNak;kaldMbUg edIm,I[EsVgrkB½t’manTaMgenH.

X karsagsg;sRmab;kartaMgbgðaj

rcnabTsRmab;kartaMgbgðaj ebIeTaHCa)aneFVIenAkñúgRbeTseyIg b¤enAkñúgmUldæank¾eday RtUvseRmc edayGñkCMnajkarenAkñúgRbeTsNamYy b¤enAkñúgRbeTsTaMgBIr nigRtUvEtEp¥kelIkarGegátlMGitGMBITItaMg nigkar KitKUrnanaepSgeTot. KYrEtksagsþg;eBjeljmYyrbs;Cati b¤ RKan;EtCasMNg;gaymYyenAkñúgGaKarGcié®nþy_ mYyEdlmanRsab; . enAkñúgkrNINamYy GñkGacRtUvGeBa¢Ij[mankaredjéføsRmab;karsagsg;sþg; nigRtUv eRCIserIs nigENnaMkargarrbs;Gñkem:AkarenAmUldæan eFobnwglkçxNÐEdlmanEcgTukCamun nigkalvíPaK nig enAkñúgRkbx½NÐénfvíka. RtUvmaneBlsRmab;karbkERbrUbPaB nigEpnkartamkarcaM)ac;. kñúgkrNIEdlGac eFVI)an Gñkem:AkarEdl)aneRCIserIs KYrEtGaccat;Ecgral;kic©karsagsg; Etglm¥ nigkargartemøIgnana. tam Fmµta Gñkcat;EcgkargarBiBN’ eFVIGtþsBaØaN nigelIesñI[GñkeRCIserIsykPñak;garsmRsb b:uEnþRbsInebImin mankarENnaMEbbenHeT mnusS¼Rkumh‘undEdl²CaeRcInEdlmaneKsMueyabl; GMBIPñak;garsMukarGnuBaØatelIkar bBa¢Ún]bkrN_ KYrEtGacpþl;eyabl;GMBIGñkem:AkarEdlmansmtßPaB nigpþl;B½t’manEdlnwgGac[GñkeFVIkar seRmcGMBIGñkem:AkarEdlmansmtßPaB.

g kMNt;RtaGñkTak;Tg nigkargarbnþ

kic©karmYykñúgcMeNamkic©karsMxan;²sRmab;GñkNamñak;Edlcat;EcgBiBN’rYmKña KWRtUvFanafa GñktaMgBi BN’ral;rUb)anbegáIteLIg nigeRbIR)as;edayRbsiT§iPaB nUvRbB½n§sRmab;kt;Rta nigtamdanral;GñkmkTak;Tg. bBaðaGacekIteLIg mYyEpñkedaysarkarENnaMmin)anl¥ b¤eKalneya)ayminc,as;las; b:uEnþkMhusqÁgCaTUeTAKW³

karkt;Rtamin)ansuRkwtünUvGñkmkTak;Tg nig

kartamdanBinitüelIGñkmkTak;Tgmin)anRKb;RKan;.

munnwgeFVICMnYjCamYyGgÁPaBNamYy CakarRbesIr eKRtUvmanB½t’many:ageRcInGMBIGgÁPaBenaH b:uEnþetI enAkñúgkarGnuvtþCak;Esþg etIeKGacTTYl)anB½t’manGVIxøH? kñúgkRmitGb,brma cUrBüayamrk[)an ³

eQñaHGñkmkTak;Tg

kalbricäTénkarTak;Tg

eQµaHCaBakübMRBYjénsmaCíkenAkñúgBiBN’ EdlCaGñkkt;Rtaral;sMNYr RbePTmuxCMnYj. RbePTmuxCMnYjEdlmanRbeyaCn_KW ³

- GñkTijenAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµ



70

- Pñak;gar):atg; b¤ tMNag

- Gñklk;ray minTijedaypÞal; - Gñklk;plitpl b¤esvakmµ - GñksarB½t’man

- m®nþIrdæaPi)al nig

- GñkmancMNab;GarmµN_kñúgcMeNamsaFarNCnTUeTA.

karbBa¢aTijEdl)anKUs (“yes” b¤ “no”) EdlGacP¢ab;CamYyéføsrub nigeQµaHplitplEdlBak;B½n§ karbBa¢aTijpÞal; KYrEteFVIenAelITRmg;ÉksarpøÚvkar edaymancuHral;cMNuclMGit nightßelxa

karkMNt;éføEdlRtUvkarCacaM)ac; ¬esckþIlMGitGMBIplitpl brimaN karbg;éføenAeBlRbKl;TMnij nig lkçxNÐénkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij¦

KMrUEdlcaM)ac; ¬elIkElgEtGaccrcaéføCamYyKña)an karsMuykKMrUsMNakKYrEteFVIeLIgenAelITRmg;Ék sarpøÚvkar sUm,IEtRtUvpþl;[eday\tKitéføk¾eday kareFVIEbbenHedIm,IeFVI[R)akdfaGtifíCnBitCaman cMNab;GarmµN_¦.

B½t’mancaM)ac; ¬esckþIlMGitCak;lak;¦.

c kMNt;RtaGMBITRmg;ÉksarGMBIkarsaksYr

buKÁlikmñak;²enAkñúgsþg;nImYy² KYrEtmanTRmg;ÉksarsRmab;karsYrsMNYr EdlGacftcmøg)an. TRmg; ÉksarsYrsMNYr KYrEtmanlMnaMFmµta b:uEnþc,as;las;RKb;RKan; edIm,IGaceRbIR)as;CataragBinitü edIm,Iecosvagkar rMlgB½t’mannana enAkñúgeBlsnÞna. CakarsmRsb eKKYrEtrkSaTukesovePAEdlcuHeQµaH nigGasydæanePJóv nigCakarl¥KYr[mancuHelxsMKal;eTAsMNYr TRmg;ÉksarsaksYrnana. karcuHhtßelxaelIesovePAGñkTsSna Gaccat;TukfaCaGVImYyEdlCakarpþl;kitþiys CaBiess RbsinebIÉkGKÁrdæTUt b¤ mnusSKYr[kt;sMKal;epSgeTot RtUv)anbBa©úHbBa©Úl[cuHhtßelxaCamun.

q karGnÞg[mancMMNab;GarmµN_elIsþg;

enAkñúgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµl¥mYy GñkGacdwgc,ab;CabgÁÜrGMBITsSnikCnCaeRcIn. b:uEnþ elIkElgEtGñkman kardak;taMgFM nigmanlkçN³Biess b¤ )anTTYlcMNab;GarmµN_rYcmkehIyBITsSnikCn GñkminGacsnµtfa ePJóvCaeRcInnwgcUlmksþg;rbs;GñkeLIy. edaysarehtuplenH eKRtUv[mankarGnÞgtamEbbTMenIb edIm,IFana fa mnusSEdlGñkcg;[mkTsSnasþg;rbs;Gñk )andwgGMBIsþg;enH nigCRmuj[BYkeKmancMNab;GarmµN_kñúgkarmk TsSnasþg;enH. karGnÞgenAkñúgeBltaMgBiBN’ k¾GacCYyTak;TajePJóvpgEdr.



71

1> bec©keTsbBa©úHbBa©Úl 1>1 eFVIGtþsBaØaNkic©snüasMxan;²Camun. cUrTak;TgCamYyBYkeKedayELk²BIKña tamGIuEm:l nigRbsinebI

GaceFVI)an RtUvCYbGñkTaMgenaHedaypÞal;.

1>2 minRtUvepþatkarpSBVpSayCasaFarN³EtenAéf¶EdlmanTsSnikCnkuHkr b¤ BIréf¶enAmunkarebIksemÖaF BiFIenaHb:ueNÑaHeT. cUrcab;epþImyuT§nakarpSBVpSayCasaFarN³bI b¤ bYnExmuneBlcab;ebIkBiBN’.

1>3 esÞIrEtRKb;eBlTaMgGs; CakarRbesIrKYreRbIR)as;Pñak;garpSBVpSaysaFarN³EdlmanenAkñúgmUldæan.

1>4 edayfvíkamankMNt; yuT§nakarTMnak;TMngGñksaB½t’man GacmanRbsiT§iPaBelIkarcMNay Cagkar pSBVpSaymYycMnYntUcEdlRtUvbg;éfø .

1>5 karpSBVpSayl¥ nigc,as;las; enAkñúgesovePAsRmab;EckpSaykñúgyuT§nakar rYmpSMCamYy GtßbT cuHpSayedayesrI eRcInEtmanRbeyaCn_ .

1>6 shkarCamYyGñkcat;EcgBiBN’ GMBIGtßbTRtUvcuHenAkñúgesovePAkataLúk ÉksarsRmab;GñksarB½t’ man snñisITsarB½t’man TsSn³kic©énmnusSsMxan;² nig»kasepSg²eTotTaMgGs;sRmab;karpSBVpSay CasaFarN³.

1>7 cMNayfvíkaEdlmankRmitkMNt;enAkñúgxÞg;sRmab;karpSBVpSay mkelIkarpSBVpSayRTg;RTayFMEt mYyelIk b¤ dak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgsarB½t’manGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ CagenAelIkarpSBVpSaytUc²CaeRcInelIk Edl Gacman\T§iBlRtwmtictYc.

1>8 kñúgkrNIeFVI)an cuHkMNt;rkCamunnUvPñak;gartaMgbgðaj b¤ GñkEckpSayenAkñúgkarpSBVpSayBaNiC¢kmµ.

1>9 dak;cUlCamYyKñanUvbBa¢IfµÍ²bMputénRbB½n§pSBVpSayB½t’man nigBRgwgTMnak;TMngpÞal;xøÜn CamYyniBn§na yk nigmnusSsMxan;²epSgeTotEdlCaGñkmaneyabl;.

C karRKb;RKgsþg;

karRKb;RKgsþg;min)anl¥ GaceFVI[xUckic©RbwgERbgeRtomerobcMedayRbugRby½tñsRmab;BiBN’. kñúgeBl EdleCaKC½yénshRKastaMgBiBN’ PaKeRcInKWCakarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;tMNagpÞal;rbs;BYkeK GñkRKb;RKgsþg;KYr EtFanafa BYkeKmanbriyakasRbesIrbMputsRmab;eFVICMnYj. Kat;RtUvEteFVI[sþg;mandMeNIrkar)anl¥. enaHman n½yfaRtUvEtFanafa buKÁlikRKb;rUbenAkñúgsþg;eFVIkarRbkbedayRbsiT§iPaB. vak¾mann½yfaCakaredaHRsaykar lM)aknana edaypþl;CMnYyRKb;y:agEdlGaceFVI)an eTAdl;GñktaMgbgðaj nigelIkTwkcitþ[GñkTaMgenaHeFVIkarCa mYyKña nigGnuvtþkic©karrbs;xøÜn[manRbsiT§iPaBpgEdr. karRbRBwtþrbs;BYkeKman\T§iBlmkelIeCaKC½yénkar cUlrYmTaMgmUl ehIyGaRs½ypgEdrelIGñkRKb;RKgsþg;kñúgkareFVI[eXIjfa BYkeKGacRTaMRTkarTTYlxusRtUv TUlayEbbenH.



72

EpñkcMbgmYyénmuxkarrbs;GñkRKb;RKgsþg; KWkarFanafa ePJóvtamEsVgrk nigCYbCamYyGñktMNagsm Rsb. Kat;RtUvEteFVIkarTak;TgCamYyGñkem:Akar Gñkcat;EcgBiBN’ nigGñksarB½t’man nigBinitüemIlkarcat;Ecg CaeRcIneTot EdlBak;B½n§enAkñúgBiFITTYlsVaKmn_ nigTivaCati RbsinebIman. munnwgebIksemÖaFBiBN’ GñkRKb;RKg GacmanPar³TTYlxusRtUvelIkarENnaMdl;buKÁlik nigGñktaMgBiBN’. enAeBlcb;sBVRKb; Kat;RtUverobcMr)aykar N_cugeRkaymYy edayFanafa mankarbg;kéRmdl;buKÁlikbeNþaHGasnñ nigBinitüemIlkarevcx©b; nigkarecal sMNl; EdlCasmÖar³ nigsMNak EdlmaneRbIR)as;enAkñúgkartaMgbgðaj.

Q buKÁlikRbcaMsþg;

buKÁliknanaeFVIkarenAeRkamkarcg¥úlbgðajrbs;GñkRKb;RKgsþg; nigmanPar³TTYlxusRtUvelIkarCYydl; GtifíCn ENnaMBYkeKeTAGñktMNagsmRsb eqøIysMNYrnana edaHRsayral;kic©kar nigCaTUeTA GnuvtþtambT bBa¢a edIm,IrYmcMENkeFVI[BiBN’TTYleCaKC½y. BYkeKKYrEt ³

sÁal;Pasarbs;GñkCMnYjkñúgmUldæan

GacsÁal;y:agqab;rh½snUvplitpl nigeKalbMNgrbs;GñktaMgBiBN’ manectnaeFVIkary:agskmµ edIm,IshkarCamYyGñkdéT nigedIm,IeFVIral;kic©karcaM)ac;[maneCaKC½y

sRmab;kartaMgBiBN’ ebIeTaHCamankarlM)ak b¤ minsUvyl;dwgk¾eday.

eKGacCYlbuKÁlikRbcaMsþg;mkBI MoC b¤ TPO b¤ BIshRKasnana EdlbBa¢ÚnmkBIRbeTseyIgsRmab; eKalbMNgenH nieyaCítBIsßanTUt b¤BIebskkmµepSgeTotrbs;eyIgEdlsßitenAeRkARbeTs edayEp¥kelITIpSar b¤ CYlbuKÁliksRmab;CaCMnYybeNþaHGasnñ. RbsinebIGñkcaM)ac;RtUveRCÍsykrvag karnaMykbuKÁlikmkBIRbeTs eyIg kareRbIR)as;buKÁlikkñúgmUldæan b¤ CYlbuKÁlikbeNþaHGasnñ KYrBicarNaktþananamYycMnYndUcteTA ³

buKÁlikmkBIRbeTseyIgsÁal;plitpl GaceronsURtGMBITIpSar nigeRbIR)as;cMeNHdwgfµÍrbs;BYkeKenA eBlBYkeKRtLb;eTARbeTsedImvíj nigmankarebþCJaedIm,IeFVI[BiBN’TTYleCaKC½y .

buKÁlikenAkñúgmUldæan minbgáCabnÞúkdl;kardwkCBa¢Ún karcMNaynana GacsÁal;TIpSar nigreboblk;pli tpl TMngCaGacniyayPasakñúgRsuk)anedaysÞat;CMnaj nigGactamTan;sMNYrnanaenAkñúgeBltaMg BiBN’.

buKÁlikCYlsRmab;ry³eBlxøI Gacyl;dwgGMBIbec©keTslk;enAmUldæan ecHPasaenAmUldæan .l. BMu TamTar[mankEnøgsñak;enA b¤cMNayelIkareFVIdMeNIr nigGackat;bnßycMnYnmnusSEdlGacmansRmab; eFVIkic©karCaeTogTat;déTeTot.

j karTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñktaMgBiBN’



73

tMNagmñak;²énshRKasenAkñúgRbeTseyIg KYrEt³

Fanafa BiBN’rbs;Kat;RtUverobcMrYcral;Tan;eBl bgðajtamTRmg;EdlmanRbsiT§iPaBbMput nigkñúglMdab; kargarx<s;bMput

eFVIkarGeBa¢IjCamun dl;GtifíCnsMxan;² b¤ GñkEdlTMngCakøayCaGtifíCnsMxan; nigGñkEdlGacTak; TajdéTeTot edIm,IeFVI[R)akdfaBYkeKGeBa¢ÍjmkcUlrYm

manvtþmanenATIenaHedayxøÜnÉgpÞal; edIm,ITTYlePJóv edIm,Ibgðajplitpl edIm,IeqøIytbnwgsMNYr bec©keTs nigsMNYrBaNiC¢kmµ tamkarcaM)ac; nigeFVI[mnusSsMxan;²EdlGacCaGtifíCneBjcitþ

sikSaral;kartaMgbgðajEdlBak;B½n§enAkñúgBiBN’enaH TTYl)anÉksarnana nigsYrsMNYr. tamvíFIenH Kat;nwgeronsURt)anBIGVIEdlKURbECgkMBugeFVI rebobtaMgbgðaj bec©keTslk; nigpSBVpSayEdleRbIR)as; karbegáItfµÍ²xagbec©keTs EdleTIbGPivDÆn_ KuNPaB éfø karevcx©b; nigkarRbRBwtþ. Cak;Esþg ral; cMeNHdwgTaMgenHKWCakarcaM)ac;edIm,Ikat;bnßyRbsiT§iPaBenAkñúgTIpSareTAGnaKt.

KaMRTtMNagrbs;Kat;enAmUldæan RbsinebIman nigvaytémøPaBRKb;RKan;kñúgkargarrbs;Kat;xagTIpSar CECkCamYymnusSCaeRcInenAkñúgEpñknanatamEtGaceFVI)an EdlGñkenaHGacCa GñknaMcUl Pñak;gar

nigGñkEckcay edIm,IGac[Kat;eFVIkarNat;CYb)anRtwmRtUv TsSnkic©GñkEdlGackøayCaPñak;gar nigGtifíCneTAGnaKt enAeBleRkay edIm,IbegðIy nigbBa¢ak;eLIg

víjGMBIkarcat;Ecg nigkarTak;TgCalaylkSGkSr.

Rkumh‘untaMgBiBN’nImYy² RtUv

erobcMÉksarsRmab;EckcayenAkñúgBiBN’ EdlCaÉksarGMBIplitplrbs;xøÜn kñúgbrimaNRKb;RKan; nig KuNPaBsmRsb edayKitpgEdrGMBIPasa rUbiyb½NÑ nigTm¶n; nigrgVas;EdleRbIR)as;kñúgmUldæan. bBa¢I éfø KYrEt)anKNnaEp¥kelImUldæanén CIF, C&F sRmab;GñkTij Edlcg;cat;EcgkarFanar:ab;rgeday xøÜnÉg. smtßPaBpÁt;pÁg;eTAtambrimaN kalvíPaKénkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij nigry³eBlqøgkat; k¾CaesckþI lMGitsMxan;EdlRtUvmanbBa¢ak;pgEdr.

pþl;ÉksarBiBN’na nigtaragéfø edIm,IGñkGaceFVIkarRsavRCavTIpSarCak;lak;[)anRKb;RKan; edIm,ICYy Rkumh‘unkñúgkareRbIR)as;eBlevlaedIm,ITajykplcMeNjeRcInbMputBIkarmkdl;éntMNagrbs;xøÜn.

pþl;taragEdlcat;CaRkumnUvGñkTaMgGs;Edl)anGeBa¢IjcUlkñúgBiFItaMgbgðaj nigkñúgBiFIBiess².

ENnaMdl;Pñak;gar nigGñkEckcay ¬RbsinebIman¦ GMBIcMNat;karcaM)ac;sRmab;BYkeK nigGMBItRmUvkar caM)ac;edIm,Ishkar nigsRmbsRmYlkarksagEpnkarpSBVpSayCamYyGñk .

erobcMsøaksBaØaNamYyBiess dak;taMgsmÖar³ b¤ pÞaMgrUbPaBEdlGacCakarcaM)ac;. kñúgkrNIEdl)an begáItbNþajEckcayrYcehIy dUcCa bBa¢IeQµaH nigGasydæanénGñklk;ray nigGñklk;dMuTaMgGs;enA



74

TUTaMgRbeTs EdlCakEnøgGñkGacTTYl)anplitpl KYrEtmandak;taMg[gayemIleXIjpgEdr. enA eBlrMBwgfamanGñkCMnYjmkBIRbeTsepSg RtUveRtomvtþmanenAkñúgsþg;nUvkUnesovePA EdlmanB½t’man Rbhak;RbEhlKñaenH sþIBIRbeTsTaMgenaH. RtUveRbIR)as;Pasa[smRsbsRmab;TIpSarCaeKaledA.

cUrpþl;ÉksarRbkasB½t’mansmRsb - Rkumh‘unKWCaGñkCMnajelITidæPaBnananaEdlmanRbeyaCn_GMBI plitplrbs;BYkeK .

cUrpþl;B½t’manEdlcaM)ac;sRmab;kataLúkGMBIBiBN’enH nigesovePAGasydæansRmab;kartaMgBiBN’enH.

cUrpþl;eyabl;GMBItRmUvkar[mankarFanar:ab;rg nigkarecal b¤epÞrBiBN’ enAcugénBiFItaMgBiBN’enH.

cUrpþl;nUvbBa¢IRtwmRtUvGMBImuxplitplEdl)andak;taMg rYmCamYyesckþIENnaMGMBIkartemøIg nigesvakmµ sRmab;brikçarnImYy² ¬kñúgkrNIcaM)ac;¦

cUrpþl;eQµaH muxtMENg nigkalbriecäTénkarmkdl;énGñktMNagcUlrYmkñúgBiBN’TaMgenaH.

GñknwgRtUvkarPaKeRcInénsmÖar³ nigB½t’manTaMgenHenAkñúgeBlevlasmRsb munsemÖaFBiFIenH. cUrsr sreTAGaCJaFrrbs;eyIg edaycuHbBa¢ak;GMBIGVIEdlGñkcg;)an GMBIshRKasnanaEdlcUlrYm nigkMNt;»sanvaT sRmab;karTTYlB½t’man nigsmÖar³EdlBak;B½n§.

d karENnaMRtYs²dl;GñktaMgBiBN’ GñktMMNagénRkumh‘unEdlcUlrYm KYrEtmkdl;muneBlBiBN’cab;epþIm. cUrerobcMÉksarENnaMxøI²[)an

Camun. ]bmafa GñktaMgBiBN’ minEmnmkkñúgEdndIrbs;GñkeT GñkTaMgenaHmñak;²RtUvEtmansMNMuÉksarEdlKUs bBa¢ak;BIGVI²TaMgGs; EdlKat;KYrdwg edIm,IeFVIkic©kar[manRbsiT§iPaBPøam². sMNMuÉksanImYy²KYrEtmandUcteTA³

sMNMuÉksanImYy²KYrEtmandUcteTA

esckþIsegçbB½t’manGMBIePJóv sßanPaBBaNiC¢kmµrbs;RbeTsenaH karGegátTIpSarEdlmanlkçN³Cak;lak;cMeBaHplitplnanarbs;GñkcUlrYmnImYy²

cuHkñúgbBa¢InUvRkumh‘unnana Edl)anbBa¢ak;BIcMNab;GarmµN_elIplitplrbs;GñkcUlrYmnImYy² rYmCa mYybBa¢INat;CYbEdleFVIeLIgedaybgðajeQµaH muxtMENg Rkumh‘un TIkEnøg nigeKalbMNg33

cuHeQµaHmnusS ¬nigRkumh‘unrbs;BYkeK smaKm nigRksYg .l.¦ Edl)anGeBa¢IjcUlrYmenAkñúgBiFIbdi sNæarkic©nImYy². cMeBaHGñkcUlrYmmñak;² cUrbBa¢ak;GMBIsar³sMxan;edayELkrbs;BYkeK.

c,ab;cmøgénkataLúkBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµenH esovePAGasydæanrbs;GñktaMgBiBN’eyIg nigral;GtßbT epSgeTot Edl)anerobcMeLIgsRmab;»kasenH .

33 cUrpþl;r)aykarN_GMBIkarcat;lMdab;\NTan nigsavtadéTeTotGMBImnusS nigRkumh‘unEdlBak;B½n§ enAkñúgkrNIcaM)ac; .



75

søaksBaØasRmab;cUlrYmkñúgBIFI nigsBaØasMKal;GtþsBaØaN.

kUnesovePAsRmab;kt;RtasMNYrnana nigTRmg;raykarN_rbs;GñktaMgBiBN’.

kmµvíFIcUlrYmkñúgBiBN’. ÉksarenHKYrEtsuRkwtünigxøI b:uEnþek,aHk,ay EtKYrman dUcCa³ - esckþIepþImEdlpþl;B½t’manBitxøI nigrUbmYycMnYn GMBIBiBN’ nigsar³sMxan;énBiBN’enHCa bNþaj

pSBpSay sRmab;]sSahkmµ b¤plitplEdlBak;B½n§ karrMBwgTukGMBIGñkcYUlrYm nigkarcUlrYm nigbTbBaØtþisMxan;² Edl)anEcgedayGaCJaFrBiBN’.

- pþl;kalvíPaK kalbriecäTGMBIBiBN’ TItaMgBiBN’ em:agcUlTsSna karebIksemÖaFCapøÚvkar34

- brikçarEdlmanenAkñúgkEnøgtaMgBiBN’ - taMgbgðajGMBIkarcat;EcgsRmab;sþg;rbs;eyIg

- karcat;Ecgrdæ)al EdlrYmTaMg bBa¢ImYyGMBIGñkEdlBak;B½n§ nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;BYkeK.

EpnkarTMnak;TMngTIpSar . cUrpþl;esckþIlMGitGMBI ³ - kmµvíFIpþl;saredaypÞal; - BiFIbdisNaæarkic© - ÉksarcuHpSaynana - kmµvíFIpSBVpSayCasaFarN³ - karpSBVpSayBaNiC¢kmµ - skmµPaBpSBVpSayBiess

- EbbbTsaksYrTak;TgnwgBaNiC¢kmµ - karvaytémø kareFVIesckþIraykarN_ nigkarGnuvtþskmµPaBbnþ.

vKÁENnaMxøIdMbUg KYrEteFVI[)anqab;tamEtGaceFVI)an b¤ enAeBlEdlGñktaMgBiBN’PaKeRcIn)anmkdl;

nigmin[yUrCageBlRBwkénéf¶semÖaFBiFItaMgBiBN’enaHeLIy. bBa©úHbBa©Úl[GñktaMgBiBN’eFVIkarCítsñiT§CamYy Gñk . RtUvbegáInkarykcitþTukdak;elItRmUvkarcaM)ac;edIm,I[mankarvaytémøkic©RbwgERbgsrub nigPaBBak;B½n§ edayELkénr)aykarN_ nigkMNt;Rtarbs;GñktaMgBiBN’ nUvTRmg;ÉksarsMNYr enAkñúgbribTenH. RtUvEsVgrk[ )annUvkarÉkPaBrbs;BYkeKelIkkarcat;Ecg[mankarENnaMxøI²RbcaMéf¶ nigÉkPaBKñaelIeBlevla nigTIkEnøg.

z karvaytémø nigkareFVIr)aykarN_

34 edIm,Ipþl;[GñktaMgBiBN’ nUvkmµvíFITaMgmUlénkatBVkic© b¤ BiFIsMxan;²rbs;BYkeK GñkKYrEtpþl;kalbriecäT eBlevla nigTIkEnøg sRmab;karCYbRbCMu edIm,Ipþl;karENnaMxøI² dl;GñktaMgBiBN’ snñisITsarB½t’man BiFIbdisNæarkic© karbgðajExSPaBynþ nigsikçasala TivaCati nigTsSnkic©rbs;mnusS sMxan;² mkkan;sþg;enAkñúgkrNIEdlGñkdwgCamun.



76

karvaytémøCakarlM)ak TamTareBlEvg nigGacminmankarÉkPaBKña. dUecñH ehtuGVIcaM)ac;RtUvcMNay eBlevla nigR)ak;EdlmanedaykRm eTAelIkarvaytémø enAeBlEdleKGaccMNayvaelIskmµPaBpSBVpSay EdlmanlkçN³víC¢manCag? CakarBitNas; cemøIyKWfa karvaytémønwgCYyGñk nigRkumh‘unnImYy² edIm,I ³

seRmcfaetIKYrcUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’dUcKñaenHeTAGnaKtEdrb¤eT

seRmcfaetIKYreFVIkartaMgbgðajplitpldUcKñaenHEdrb¤eT

eFVIGtþsBaØaNTaMgbraC½y niglT§PaBEklm¥eTAGnaKtenAkñúgkareRKagpSBVpSayCasaFarN³ karbegáIt rcnabTsþg; kardak;buKÁlik TItaMg nigkarRKb;RKg

eFVIGtþsBaØaNGñkem:AkarbnþEdll¥ b¤ GRkk; sRmab;karsagsg;sþg; sMGat nigbkERb nig

seRmcGMBIfaetIKYrcMNayR)ak;[manRbsiT§iPaBelITRmg;epSgénkarpSBVpSayEdrb¤eT.

1> karkMNt;eKalbMNg eKminGaceFVIkarvaytémøGVImYy)aneT elIkElgEtGñkdwgGMBIeKalbMNgrbs;xøÜn. ]TahrN_ ³ BiBN’

mYyKYrEtmaneKalbMNgnana dUcteTA ³ 1>1 TTYl)ankarbBa¢aTijCak;lak; EdlmanbrimaNrhUtdl; b¤ elIsBItYelxCak;lak;mYy

1>2 eFVIGtþsBaØaN eRCIserIs nigEtgtaMgPñak;gar b¤ GñkEckcay nig

1>3 eFVI[buKÁlikEdlcUlrYm)ansÁal;GñkeRbIR)as; nigRbtikmµtbénBaNiC¢kr nigedIm,IelIkesñIKMnitedIm,IEk lm¥plitpl nigyuT§saRsþTMnak;TMngTIpSareTAGnaKt.

Ep¥kelImUldæanéneKalbMNgnanaEbbenH ³ 1>4 karcUlrYmGaceRKagTukCamun nigcat;EcgeLIgedaymaneKalbMNgCak;lak; nig 1>5 karcUlrYmGacvaytémø)an eFobnwgfaetIeKalbMNgGacseRmc)anl¥kRmitNa.

2> etIGñkeFVIkarvaytémøEbbNa? eKalbMNgénkarvaytémøKWedIm,IEklm¥karRbRBwtþeTAGnaKt. bec©keTsvaytémøEdlsMxan;CageKKW

karCYbRbCMuenAeBll¶ac EdlKYrEteFVIeLIgCaerogral;éf¶enAkñúgGMLúgeBlénBiBN’. enAkñúgkic©RbCMu ral;buKÁlik RbcaMsþg;TaMgGs;GacvaytémøkarRbRBwtþRbcaMéf¶ nigeFVIkarEkERb[)ansmRsbedIm,IEklm¥lT§plenAéf¶bnÞab;. kñúgkrNIeFVI)an karvaytémøKYrEtpþl;cemøIyeTAnwgsMNYrdUcxageRkamenH ³

2>1 etImankarbBa¢aTijkRmitNaBIRkumh‘un?

2>1>1 bBaða ³ karbBa¢aTijxøHGacminpþl;plcMeNj ehIyGtifíCn nigGñkpÁt;pÁg;rbs;BYkeKeRcInEt eRbIR)as;BiBN’edIm,Idak;karbBa¢aTij EdlBYkeKKYrEtGaceFVI)ansUm,IEtKµanBiBN’ .



77

2>2 etIkarbBa¢aTijkñúgTwkR)ak;kRmitNa EdlRtUveFVIeLIgenAkñúgGMLúgeBl 12 Exxagmux EdlekItecjBI BiBN’enH?

2>2>1 bBaða ³ kar):an;RbmaNTMngCamansuTidæiniymRCuleBk. karvaytémøsRmab;ry³eBlEvgRtUvEt eFVIeLIgedIm,I):an;RbmaNGMBIplcMeNjry³eBlEvg nigedIm,I):an;RbmaNGMBIkRmitTukcitþ)anén kar):an;RbmaNBImunmk kñúgnamCa]bkrN_vaytémø.

2>3 etImanKNnIfµÍcMnYnb:unµanEdl)anebIk?

2>3>1 bBaða ³ RbsinebIbuKÁlikRbcaMsþg;mancMNg;xøaMgeBkkñúgkarTTYl)ankarbBa¢aTijBIGtifiCnfµÍ² BYkeKGaceFVI[xUcEpnkarTMnak;TMngTIpSareTAGnaKt CaBiess enAkñúgTIpSarfµÍ² edayTTYlyk CMnYjBIGnþrkarIminsmRsb haniP½yxag\NTan .l.

2>4 etI)ankt;RtaGñkTak;Tgb:unµanehIy? kMNt;RtaTaMgenHKYrcat;CalMdab;eTAtamkRmitskþanuBl ³ eday cat;CaRkumeTAtamRbkarEdlfa etIBYkeKRKan;EtsYrB½t’man esñIsMukarkMNt;éføCak;lak; b¤ rg;caMkarGH GagelIkarbBa¢aTij nigtamry³smtßPaBrbs;BYkeKkñúgkareFVIesckþIseRmc.

2>4>1 bBaða ³ GñkTak;TgTaMgenaHKµantémøesaH. karepþatxøaMgeBkEteTAelIcMnYnGñkTak;Tg GacnaM[ buKÁlikePøcKitBIkarrMBwgTukxagkarlk;edayEbrCaRbwgEtbMeBjEtTRmg;ÉksarsaksYreTAvíj

2>5 etImanePJóvb:unµannak;mkTsSnasþg;rbs;Gñk?

2>5>1 bBaða ³ ePJóvGaccUlmkTsSnaedaysarkaregOgq¶l; tamry³cMNg;kñúgkarTTYl)ansMNak eday\tKitéfø edaysarBYkeKRtUvGgÁúysRmakmYyry³ b¤edayeKmancMNab;GarmµN_enAkñúg esaPNÐPaBénkartaMgbgðajCak;lak;. tYelxGMBIcMnYnEtÉg mantémøtictYcEtb:ueNÑaH.

2>6 etIRkumdUcxageRkamenHmaneyabl;EbbNaEdrGMBIBiBN’rbs;Gñk?

2>6>1 GñktaMgBiBN’mñak;² - RbsinebIvaCakartaMgBiBN’rYmKña 2>6>2 buKÁlikenAtamsþg; 2>6>3 GtifiCn nigGñkEdlGacCaGtifiCn

Cakarl¥ cemøIycMeBaHsMNYrenHKYrEt)anmkBIGñkRsavRCavvíC¢aCÍv³EdlCYlsRmab;eKaledAenH b:uEnþkareFVI

GegátpøÚvkarEbbenHminTMngCasmRsbeLIy elIkElgEtCaBiBN’CatiFMmYyedIm,IbgðajkitüanuPaB. eTaHCay:ag Nak¾eday enAkñúgBiBN’nImYy² karb:unb:gxøH²KYrEteFVIeLIg edIm,ITTYl)aneyabl;BIRkumNamYyxagelI y:ag ehacNas;eRkamrUbPaBminpøÚvkar. KYresñIsMu[GñktaMgBiBN’bMeBjbBa¢IsMNYr Edl)anbegáIteLIgsRmab;Rsg;yk eyabl;rbs;BYkeK. bBaða ³ Gñkpþl;Bt’manGacminmanectnabgðajBIkarTieTon. karGegátEbbvíC¢aCÍv³RtUvcMNa yeRcIn. edayELk buKÁliktamsþg;Gaccat;Tukeyabl;EdlminGMeNaypl faCakarqøúHbBa©aMgGMBIxøÜnpÞal;.



78

2>7 etIBiBN’rbs;GñkmanlkçN³EbbNaEdreFobnwgkarcUlrYmkalBIelIkmun BiBN’epSgeTot b¤ víFIepSg² eToténkarbgðaj?

2>8 kareRbobeFobéføcMNayCamYyTRmg;epSgénkarpSBVpSay.35 cUrepþatkarykcitþTukdak;elIkareRbob eFob eBalKW RtUveRbobeFobRsUvCamYyRsUv minEmnCamYyeBat sVaycnÞI nig¼b¤ dMLÚgeLIy.

3> kMhusxusqÁgCaTUeTA 3>1 “yuT§nakarpSBVpSayrbs;eyIg RtUvcMNay 100>000 duløaGaemrik nigbegáIt)ankarsaksYrGMBI

BaNiC¢krcMnYn 1000 karcMNayelIBiBN’KW 200>000 duløaGaemrik nig)anTTYllT§plRtwmEt kar saksYrcMnYn 750. Cakarc,as;Nas; karpSBVpSaypþl;lT§pll¥Cag.”

karsaksYrEdl)anBIkarpSBVpSayBaNiC¢kmµ GacminsUvhµt;ct; nigminsUvmankaryl;dwg)aneRcIneLIy

eFobnwgtYelxEdlTTYl)anBIBiBN’.

3>2 “GñktMNaglk;rbs;eyIg)anebIkKNnIfµÍcMnYn100 edaymankarbBa¢aTijcMnYn 500>000 duløaGaemrik enAkñúgkareFVIdMeNIrrbs;Kat;enAeBlfµÍ²enH EdlcMNayGs; 50>000 duløa. enAkñúgBiBN’ karbBa¢aTij )annaM[mankarebIkKNnIfµÍcMnYn 200 Edlmantémøsrub 2>000>000 duløaGaemrik. karcUlrYmrbs; eyIgcMNayGs;100>000 duløaGaemrik. BiBN’ KWBitCaTRmg;énkareXasnaEdlmanRbsiT§iPaBesdæ kic©Cag}.

GñktMNaglk;TMngCaeRCIserIsykKNnI EdlGaclk;plitplrbs;xøÜntamTRmg;EdlmanRbsiT§iPaB

bMput. KNnIfµÍEdl)anebIkeLIgenAkñúgeBltaMgBiBN’ GacCaGñkTijFmµta EdlKµankarebþCJary³eBlEvg.

4> esckþIsegçb enAeBlEdlKµanmeFüa)aysRmab;vaytémøEdlGacTukcitþ)an sMNMulkçN³xøH² nwgGacFanaCargVas;én

suRkwtüPaB. karvaytémømYyRtUvEt ³ 4>1 CalkçN³RbB½n§ ³minEmn\tsNþab;Fñab; 4>2 manPaBek,aHk,ay ³ minRtwmEtelIplitplmYy b¤BIrmuxenAkñúgRbtibtiþkarénkmµvíFIb:ueNñaHeT

4>3 hµt;ct; ³ minEmnEp¥kEtelIsMNakmYy b¤BIrb:ueNÑaHeT 4>4 mansgÁtiPaB ³ EbbbTminKYrEkERbBImYyqñaMeTAmYyqñaM b¤BIBiBN’mYyeTABiBN’mYyenaHeT

35 RtUveFVIkarvaytémøelIkartaMgBiBN’ edayeRbobeFobCamYyTRmg;epSgeToténkareXasna dUcCa ebskkmµ karpSBVpSay b¤ kareFVITsSnkic©edIm,I dak;lk;. manEtvíFIenHeT eTIbGaceRbIR)as;FnFanmanRbsiT§iPaBx<s;.



79

D kareFVIr)aykarN_GMBIBiFIenaH

kareFVIr)aykarN_edayRbugRby½tñmansar³sMxan;Nas;sRmab;karvaytémø. lkçN³énr)aykarN_man lkçN³xusKñarvagGgÁPaBxus²Kña b:uEnþeTaHbIeRbIR)as;TRmg;Nak¾eday RbkarsMxan;RtUveCosvageRKaHfñak;xøH ².

GacmantRmUvkar[manr)aykarN_sRmab;TMnak;TMngsaFarN³ {TUrelxenAeBlcb;BiFI} nig]bkrN_ epSgeTotsRmab;karpSBVpSayCasaFarN³. eKminKYrRcLMr)aykarN_TaMgenHCamYyr)aykarN_vay témøeLIy.

CaFmµta GaCJaFr nigBaNiC¢kmµ cg;B¤GMBIlT§pl)anqab;rh½s. edIm,IbMeBjlkçxNÐrbs;BYeK GñkKYrEt sresrr)aykarN_beNþaHGasnñRbcaMéf¶ nigPøam²enAeRkaycb;BiFItaMgBiBN’. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday r)aykarN_vaytémøeBjeljminGaceFVI)anPøam²eLIy y:agehacNas;kñúgry³eBl6 Ex nigTMngCa rhUtdl;mYyqñaM enAeRkayBiFItaMgBiBN’cb;eTA.

enAkñúgeBlsmRsbsRmab;karvaytémø[)ansmrmü eKGacmancMNab;GarmµN_tictYcelIGVIEdl)anekI teLIgkalBIeRcInExmun. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday RtUvRbmUlTinñn½yGMBIlT§plry³eBlEvg ehIylT§p lcugeRkayRtUvEtGFib,aysRmab;karBicarNaénKN³RKb;RKgCan;x<s;. r)aykarN_vaytémønwgman sar³sMxan;Nas;enAkñúgbribTenH.

r)aykarN_rbs;Gñk KYrEtman

esckþIEføgkarN_GMBIeKalbMNgénkareXasna.

esckþIGFib,aysegçbGMBIGVIEdl)aneFVI .

karvaytémørbs;GñkGMBIkRmiténkarseRmc)annUveKalbMNg. cUreRbIR)as;víFIvaytémø[)aneRcIn eTA tamkrNIsmRsb. bBa¢ÍsMNYrEdlbMeBjedayGñktaMgBiBN’ enAcugBiFIBiBN’ KWCavíFIFmµtaénkarvay témø.

karsnñidæanrbs;Gñk elIemeronTTYl)an nigsMeNIskmµPaBeTAGnaKt.

r)aykarN_rYmKñarbs;Gñk KYrEtsegçbGMBIesckþIlMGitnImYy². RbkarsMxan;KWGñkRtUvbgðajBITMnak;TMng rvagsmiT§iplénGñktaMgBiBN’mñak;² eTAnwgeKalbMNgnimYy²rbs;Kat;. cUrpþl;karvaytémøedaysm¶at;GMBI lkçN³smRsbénGñktaMgBiBN’nImYy² enAkñúgkarcUlrYmkñúgBiFIRbEhlKñaenHeTAGnaKt. kareFVIebbenHnwgCYy Eklm¥EbbbTeRCIserIs. TaMgenH KYrEtCaeKalbMNgrYménsþg; sUm,IEtenAkñúgBiBN’rYmKñak¾eday. r)aykarN_ cugeRkayrbs;Gñk KYrEtEcgGMBIRbkarenH nigvaytémøGMBIfaetImankarseRmc)anl¥kRmitNa.



DRAFT 11/28/2004

CMBUk14

kareXasnaedIm,I CRmujkarvinieyaK

edIm,IGnuvtþtYnaTIrbs;GñkenAkñúgkarCRmujkarnaMecj GñkKYrEtGacdwg)anc,as;GMBIskmµPaBnigTmøab; GMBICMnYjenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. dUecñH GñknwgkøayCamnusSRbkbedaysmtßPaBedIm,IGnuvtþskmµPaBeXasna edIm,ICRmujkarvínieyaK ebIeTaHCaskmµPaBTaMgenHRtUv)andak;bnÞúkCapøÚvkarb¤minpøÚvkarmkelIGñkk¾eday.

karvínieyaKBIbreTsedaypÞal; (FDI)enAkñúgRbeTseyIg rYmcMENkeTAkñúgkarbegáItplitpl nigesva kmµfµÍ²sRmab;karnaMecj nigedIm,ICMnYs[karnaMcUl. vanaMeTArkkarepÞrbec©kvíTüa nigkarbegáItCMnajRKb;RKg. dUecñHvaCYyBRgwgmUldæan]sSahkmµrbs;RbeTseyIg begáItkargareFVI nigbegáInskmµPaBesdækic©xus²Kña. kar begáInmuxplitplEbbenH CYykat;bnßykarBwgEp¥krbs;RbeTseyIgEteTAelIplitplnaMecjEtmYycMnYntUc nig kat;bnßyPaBgayrgeRKaHrbs;RbeTs QaneTArkkarbegáIny:agxøaMgénéføTMnij nigsßanPaBesdækic©GnþrCati EdlminGacBüakrN_Camun)an. CMBUkenHmaneKaledAeFVI[Gñkkan;EtsÁal;skmµPaBCRmujkarvínieyaK EdlGñk GacRtUvGnuvtþ. eTaHCamankarEtgtaMgrUbGñkedIm,Ir:ab;rgkarTTYlxusRtUvelIkarCRmujkarvínieyaKCak;lak;y:ag Nak¾eday GñkKYrEtEsVgrkemIl»kasEbbenH nigrkSalT§PaBén FDI enAkñúgcitþ enAkñúgRKb;kic©karrbs;Gñk CaBiessenAeBlTak;TgCamYyGñkpÁt;pÁg;GnþrCati. TidæPaBenHénkargarrbs;Gñk Gacmansar³sMxan;CaBiess RbsinebIGñkRtUv)anEtgtaMg[TTYltMENgenAkñúgRbeTs]sSahkmµNamYy 36.

k niymn½yBakü {kareXasnaedIm,ICRmujkarvínieyaK} Gaccat;TukfaCakarsRmYl[mankarTak;TgKña nigGacCakarcrca

enAdMNak;kalNamYy rvagvínieyaKinbreTssmRsbenAkñúgEdndIrbs;GñknigCDC vís½ysaFarN³nig¼b¤ÉkCn kñúgbMNgbegáItmuxCMnYjEdlmanPaKh‘unbreTsTaMgmUl b¤ rbrrksIurYmKñasRmab;]sSahkmµ b¤eKalbMNgepSg ²eTot.

36 GñkRbEhlCaminTak;TgedaypÞal;enAkñúgTidæPaBbec©keTsénkarcrcaelIkarvínieyaKeLIy. tamFmµtakarcrcaEbbenHnwgRtUvGnuvtþeday Rkum RbwkSaGPivDÆn_km<úCa (CDC) EdlenATIenaH GñkRbEhlCa)anCUndMMNwgeTAGnaKtvínieyaKin. EbbbTEdl)anBiPakSaenAkñúgEpñkenH manCab;Tak;Tg y:agCítsñiT§CamYycMNucEdlmanbkRsayenAkñúgEpñkTI 3 sþIBI {cMeNHdwgGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ nigkareFVIesckþIraykarN_} nigKYrEtRtUv)anBicarNarYmKña CamYyRbkarcugeRkay.



81

Baküfa {karvínieyaKbreTs} sMedAelIkarcat;EcgxaghirBaØvtßú nigkic©snüa rvagplRbeyaCn_breTsnig shRKasCatirbs;eyIg b¤mYyCashRKassaFarN³ b¤ ÉkCn sRmab;karplitTMnij b¤ esvakmµ b¤ edIm,IbegðIy KeRmagFM² enAkñúgRbeTseyIg. karcat;EcgvínieyaKeRcInEtnaM[mankarbEgVrmUlFnbreTs nigkarlk;EpñkmYy énkmµsiT§i ¬PaKh‘un¦ énshRKasCatirbs;eyIg. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday elIsBIenH karvínieyaKbreTsk¾sMedA pgEdrelIkic©RBmeRBogecjGaCJab½NÑ EdlminTak;TgnwgkarepÞrPaKh‘uneLIy. karvínieyaKedaypÞal;BIbreTs (FDI) nigkarvínieyaKminpÞal;BIbreTs (FII) manPaBxusKñaelIcMnucmYycMnYn. FDI EdlGaceFVIeLIgedayRkum h‘unbreTsmYy b¤ rdæaPi)al Tak;TgnwgkmµsiT§elIRTBüGcln³ dUcCa dIFøI GaKar eragcRk nig eRKOgynþ. édKU enAkñúgRbeTseyIgGacCa]sSahkmµ b¤ sarCÍvkmµepSgeTot Edl)anbegáIteLIg b¤ TTYlsÁal;eday RGC.

pÞúyeTAvíj FII CYnkalRtUv)anehAfa plb½Rt (portfolio investment) EdlBMuTak;TgnwgkmµsiT§iCaGcln RTBüeLIy b:uEnþRKan;EtCakarvínieyaKtamry³karTTYl)anPaKh‘un b¤ b½NÑbMNul Edlecjedaysßab½nsaFar N³. vaminTak;TgnwgkarRtYtBinitürYmKña b¤ PaBCaédKUrvagGgÁPaBenAbreTs b¤kñúgRsukeLIy. karvínieyaKmin pÞal;k¾Gacrab;bBa©ÚlmUlniFiry³eBlEvgEdlbegáIteLIgtamry³karlk;sBaØab½NÑ b¤ b½NÑbMNulrbs;rdæaPi)al pgEdr. 37

x TRmg;énkarvínieyaKedaypÞal;BIbreTs

sarCÍvkmµbreTseRcInEterobcMeFVIkarvínieyaKenAeRkARbeTsedIm,IseRmceKalbMNgmYycMnYn. ]TahrN_ sarCÍvkmµGacmanbMNgBRgIkTIpSarBiPBelaksRmab;plitplrbs;BYkeK b¤ rkR)ak;cMNUlfµÍ²BIbec©kvíTüarbs; BYkeK dMeNIrkar):atg; cMeNHdwg brikçarbec©keTs kmµvíFIkMBüÚT½r víFIRKb;RKg .l. sarCÍvkmµEdlRbwgERbgBRgIk Rbtibtþikarrbs;xøÜnenAeRkARbeTs GaceFVIkarRsavRCavxøH²GMBIRbeTsnanaEdlxøÜnmancMNab;GarmµN_pÞal; Edl rYmTaMg RbeTskm<úCapgEdr. tamry³kic©RbwgERbgrbs;Gñk sarCÍvkmµnanaEdl)andwgrYcmkehIynUv»kas vínieyaKenAkñúgRbeTseyIg nwgbegáItkic©pþÜcepþÍmedIm,IeFVIkaresIubGegátkarrMBwgTukTaMgenH b¤ sMu[GñkCYy. sarCÍv kmµepSgeTotGacenABMuTan;)anKitKUrhµt;ct;GMBIkarvínieyaKenAeRkARbeTsenAeLIyeT. sarCÍvkmµEdlepþatTaMg RsugelITIpSarkñúgRsuk GacminTan;)aneRtomlkçN³rYcCaeRsc b¤ BMumanectnacUlmkkñúgRbtibtþikarsaMjaMuenAeRkA RbeTsenAeLIyeT. eTaHCay:agenHk¾eday sarCÍvkmµepSgeTotGacenABMuTan;sÁal;fa dMeNaHRsaycMeBaHbBaða xøH²énplitkmµenAkñúgRkumh‘unrbs;xøÜn GacsßitenAkñúgkarcat;EcgplitkmµrYmKña b¤karvínieyaKenAkñúgRbeTskMBug GPivDÆn_ nig¼b¤ RbeTsmankarGPivDÆtictYcenaHeLIy.

enAeBlvínieyaKinbreTsTak;TgCamYyédKUEdlmanskþanuBlenAkñúgRbeTseyIg etITRmg;xusKñaEbbNa xøHénkarvínieyaK EdlvínieyaKinTaMgenHTMngCaBicarNa? 37 CMBUkenHTak;TgEtCamYykarvínieyaKpÞal;.



82

manTRmg;CamUldæancMnYnbIénkarvínieyaKbreTs38

1> karrksIucUlh‘unKña {karrksIucUlh‘unKña} KWCaBaküTUeTAsRmab;karcat;EcgrvagvínieyaKinbreTs nigkñúgRsuk EdlbegáIt

sarCÍvkmµfµÍmYysRmab;eKalbMNgplitTMnij b¤ GnuvtþRbtibtþikardéTeTot ¬dUcCa karsagsg; nigkarpþl;esva kmµbec©keTs¦. PaKInana 39 crcamaRtananaénkarbegáItsarCÍvkmµ nigcMnYnmUlFn EdlPaKInImYy²dak;bBa©Úl eTAkñúgkarrksIucUlh‘unKña. karRtYtRtaGgÁPaBsarCÍvkmµfµÍmYyenH tamFmµtasßitenAeRkamRkumRbwkSanayk Edl mansmaCikEtgtaMgeLIgedayPaKITaMgnaH RsbtamPaKh‘unrbs;BYkeKenAkñúgTunvínieyaK.

enAkñúgkrNIPaKeRcIn vínieyaKinnwgEsVgrkplRbeyaCn_PaKeRcInenAkñúgkarrksIucUlKña edIm,IbegáInRbsiT§i PaBénkarRtYtBinitürbs;xøÜnmkelIRbtibtþikar nigPaKcMENkrbs;xøÜnelIplcMeNj. karcrcaGMBIkRmiténkar RtYtRtanwgsßitenACMuvíjfaetImUlFnb:unµan b¤ GclnRTBüGVIxøH vínieyaKinenaH nigédKUkñúgRsuk eRtomdak;bBa©ÚleTA kñúgkarrksIuenaH. lT§plcugeRkayEdlEsVgrkKW karrksIurYmKña EdlnwgFanafaPaKInImYy² ÉkPaBCamYyKñaeTA víjeTAmkelIPaKh‘unenAkñúgkarRtYtRtaelIeKalneya)aysarCÍvkmµ nigkarRKb;RKg nigelIplcMeNj b¤ karxag bg;rbs;Rkumh‘unenaH.40

2> karcuHkic©snüabnþCalkçN³GnþrCati enAeRkamkarcat;Ecgkic©snüabnþCalkçN³GnþrCati Rkumh‘unem:AkarmYymkBIbreTs b¤ enAeRkamkar

RtYtRtarbs;breTs cuHkic©snüabnþ sRmab;EpñkmYyénkargarEdl)ancuHkic©snüaeTA[Gñkem:AkarbnþmYy. TMnij Edlplit)an nwgRtUvbBa¢ÚneTAGñkem:AkarsRmab;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgplitplseRmc b¤ RbsinebIvaCaplitplseRmc rYceTAehIy vanwgRtUvdak;lk;edayGñkem:Akar. enAkñúgRbtibtþikarEbbenH TMnijRtUvpliteTAtamlkçxNÐ nig lkçN³bec©keTslMGitEdlmankMNt;edayGñkem:Akar nigsßiteRkamkarRtYtRtarbs;Gñkem:AkarenaH. Gñkem:Akar bnþ RtUvTijsiT§ieRbIR)as;bec©kvíTüaEkécñsMxan;² eRKOgynþ brikçar Rbdab;eFVIetssRmab;RtYtBinitüKuNPaB kar cgRkgÉksar CMnYyenAkñúgkarbNþúHbNþalbuKÁlikCMnaj nigvíFIRKb;RKgmkBIRkumh‘unem.

EbbbTsRmab;TTYl)ansmÖar³dUcxageRkayenH RtUvqøgkat;karcrca enAeBlEdlkic©snüaRtUv)aneFVI eLIg. maRtaenAkñúgkic©snüa GacTamTar[Gñkem:AkarpÁt;pÁg; nigpþl;hirBaØb,TansRmab;CaveRKOgynþedIm,Iplit nigbrikçarbec©keTssRmab;kareRbIR)as;edayGñkem:Akarbnþ.

38 eTaHCay:agNak¾eday eKKYrkt;sMKal;pgEdrfa eKKµanbTbBa¢ac,ab;las;eLIy ehIykic©RBmeRBogPaBCaédKU GacmanPaBxus²Kña edIm,I[Rsb tameKalbMNgCak;lak;. 39 GacCabuKÁl PaBCaédKU nig¼b¤ sarCÍvkmµ . 40 édKUcMnYnbI b¤eRcInCagenH GaccUlrYmenAkñúgkarrksIucUlKµamYyEdlFM b¤saMjaMu.



83

3> karplitenAeRkamGaCJab½NÑ enAeRkamkic©RBmeRBogenH siT§ikñúgkarbegáItplitplNamYyRtUveFVIeLIgeTAtamkarGnuBaØatBIm©as;):atg;

enAbreTs ¬b¤dMeNIrkarrkSasiT§i¦ enAeRkamGVIEdlehAfa kic©RBmeRBogpþl;GaCJab½NÑ. m©as;kmµsiT§ienAbreTs ¬GñkecjGaCJab½NÑ¦ pþl;[GñkTij¼plitkr ¬GñkTTYlGaCJab½NÑ¦ nUvsiT§ipþac;mux kñúgkarplitTMnijmYy niglk; TMnijenaHenAkñúgTIpSarTaMgkñúgRsuk nigTIpSarnaMecjEdl)ankMNt;.

enAeRkamkic©RBmeRBogpþl;GaCJab½NÑ GñkTTYlGaCJab½NÑRtUvbg;éføedIm,ITTYlsiT§ikñúgkarplit Edltam FmµtaeRkamTRmg;CakéRmsRmab;siT§iplitTMnij. kéRmsRmab;siT§iplitTMnijGacRtUvkMNt;CaPaKry\tpøas;bþÚr énbrimaNEdllk;)ansrub ¬taméfølk;enAeragcRk¦ b¤ brimaNsrubEdlkMNt;Cak;lak;kñúgmYyÉktþaénTMnij Edlplit)an.

dUcCanwgkrNIcuHkic©snüabnþpgEdr GñkecjGaCJab½NÑtamFmµtanwgeFVIkarpÁt;pÁg;ral;bec©kvíTüaEdlBak; B½n§ brikçar nigkarBieRKaHeyabl;bec©keTs edIm,Icab;epþIm nigrkSadMeNIrkarplit.

TidæPaBxusKñaénRbPTxusKñaTaMgbIénkarvínieyaKxagelIman dUcteTA ³

3>1 TaMgbIsuT§EtFana[mankarTTYl)anbec©kvíTüaBIbreTs nigkarbegáInsmtßPaB]sSahkmµ .

3>2 karrksIucUlKñanaMmknUvTunvínieyaKCasac;R)ak; nigTRmg;déTeTot nigpþl;[mankmµsiT§ikrrYmKñaenAkñúg RbeTs elImeFüa)ayplitkmµ k¾dUcCa karEckrEmøkplcMeNj nigsiT§iTak;TgTIpSarpgEdr.

3>3 karcuHkic©snüabnþCalkçN³GnþrCati enAkñúgkrNImYycMnYntUc GacTak;TgeTAnwgkarpþl;hirBaØb,TanxøH ²sRmab;bMeBjkarcMNaydMbUgedayGñkem:AkarBIbreTs b:uEnþKµankarepÞrmUlFneLIy. Gñkem:Akarbnþ RtUvEsVgrkmUlFn ehIykarTijlT§plBIeragcRk RtUv)anFanaedayGñkem:AkarEdlrkSasiT§ielITMnij nigsiT§ielITIpSarnaMecj.

3>4 karplitenAeRkamGaCJab½NÑ pþl;hirBaØb,TanedayGñkTTYlGaCJab½NÑEdlCam©as;TMnijEdl)anplit. GñkTTYlGaCJab½NÑmansiT§ipþac;muxelITIpSarkñúgRsuk nigeRcInEtmansiT§ilk;enAkñúgTIpSarnaMecjmYycMnYn pgEdr.

K tYnaTIénGñktMNagBaNiC¢kmµ

RbsinebIGñkmanPar³TTYlxusRtUvelIkarCRmujkarvínieyaKenAkñúgtMENgrbs;Gñk GñkRtUvEt)anTTYlkar ENnaMedayhµt;ct;BI MoC b¤ TPO, CDC nigTIPñak;gardéTeTotEdlmancMNab;GarmµN_kñúgRbeTseyIgGMBI ³



84

karENnaMfµÍ²bMputrbs; RGC GMBIkarvínieyaKbreTs

TisedAénkarCRmujkarvínieyaK

vís½yCaGaTiPaB nig

esvakmµEdlman nigkarelIkTwkcitþEdlpþl;eTA[vínieyaKinbreTs. GñknwgRtUv)anTTYlB½t’manfµÍ²GMBIkic©karxagelI. RbsinebIGaceFVIeTA)an KYrcat;Ecg[rUbGñk)anTTYl

karENnaMCamun b:uEnþtamry³karbNþúHbNþalCak;Esþg GMBIrebobbgðajsMeNIKeRmagdl;vínieyaKinEdlmanskþa nuBl. xageRkamenHKWCaCMhanxøH²EdlGñkGacGnuvtþ edIm,ICRmujkarvínieyaKpÞal; TnÞwmnwgGnuvtþskmµPaB eXasnaCRmujBaNiC¢kmµrbs;Gñk.

1> B½t’man 1>1 begáItRbB½n§B½t’man]sSahkmµ nigbec©keTs edIm,ITTYl)anB½t’manCaRbcaMGMBI]sSahkmµenAmUldæan

bec©kvíTüa nigesvakmµbec©keTsEdlGacpþl;cMNab;GarmµN_. begáItbNÑal½ymYysRmab;RbmUlpþMú ÉksarsRmab;BaNiC¢kmµ nUvesovePAGMBIGasydæan]sSahkmµ nigbec©keTs TsSnavdþIsmRsb r)ay karN_RbcaMqñaMrbs;Rkumh‘un .l. EdlmanedImkMeNItBI b¤ EdlTak;Tgnwg EdndIéntMENgrbs;Gñk.

1>2 EsVgyl;GMBIesvakmµCRmujkarvínieyaK(IPS) rbs;GgÁkarGPivDÆn_]sSahkmµshRbCaCati (UNIDO)

nigeRbIR)as;RbPBenHtamkrNIsmRsb. sUmGan]bsm<½n§TI 6.

2> GñkRtUvTak;Tg 2>1 pþÜcepþIm nigrkSaTMnak;TMngCamYyemdwknaMmYycMnYnxagEpñkhirBaØvtßú nig]sSahkmµ enAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk

edIm,IeXasnaCRmujcMNab;GarmµN_elIkarvínieyaKenAkñúgRbeTsrbs;eyIg. 2>2 EsVgrk»kasedIm,IedaHRsayRkumGñkCMnYj sPaBaNiC¢kmµ .l. kñúgeKalbMNgBnül;GMBIbriyakas

vínieyaK nigkarrMBwgTukepSgeTot. 2>3 begáItTMnak;TMngCamYysßab½n]sSahkmµ GñkRsavRCav hirBaØvtßú nigGñkRbkbvíC¢aCÍv³epSgeTot nig

RKWHsßanCMnYj b¤ smaKm edIm,ICavGtßbTcuHpSayrbs;BYkeK. 2>4 begáItTMnak;TMngCamYyRksYgenAkñúgrdæaPi)alénRbeTsCam©as;pÞHEdlBak;B½n§ CamYykic©shRbtibtþikar

esdækic© nig]sSahkmµ b¤CamYykarecjGaCJab½NÑrdæ)alelIkarnaMecj b¤ karRtYtBinitüelIkarbþÚrR)ak;.

3> kareFVIr)aykarN_ 3>1 RtUvFanafaskmµPaBCRmujkarvínieyaKrbs;Gñk ¬nigkRmitBak;B½n§énkareqøIytbenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk¦

RtUv)anEcgRKb;RKan;enAkñúgkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMrbs;Gñk nigr)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM.



85

3>2 enAkñúgkarerobcMkarGegátsßanPaBénRbeTs karBinitüemIlsßanPaBTIpSar nigr)aykarN_CaeTogTat; déTeTot cUrkt;sMKal;B½t’manEdlKYr[cab;GarmµN_sRmab;eKalbMNgCRmuj FDI nigBinitüemIl[ eXIjfa vapSBVpSayeTAdl;GñkBak;B½n§déTeTotenARbeTseyIg. cUrBinitüemIlcMNgTak;TgrvagRbti btiþkarBaNiC¢kmµ nigkarvínieyaKenAkñúgbribTénkic©RBmeRBogeTVPaKI b¤ karcat;EcgTUTat;sMNg. cUrrYm bBa©Úlktþanana EdlGacelIkTwkcitþ b¤ Tmøak;TwkcitþkarvínieyaKenAeRkARbeTs. RtUvdwgGMBI\T§iBl rbs;vamkelIkarCRmujBaNiC¢kmµ nig FDI. karpøas;bþÚrelIkarRtYtBinitüGRtabþÚrR)ak; Edlman\T§iBl mkelIkarepÞrmUlFneTAeRkARbeTs KWCa]TahrN_mYy.

3>3 pþl;B½t’manCaeTogTat;dl;GaCJaFrrbs;eyIgGMBITmøab;GnuvtþénEpñkCMnYjenAkñúgmUldæan EdlGacCYy BYkeKkñúgkarTak;Tg nigcrcaCamYyRkumh‘un b¤ RKwHsßanenAmUldæan.

3>4 enAkñúgkartamdanPaBRbkYtRbECgbreTsenAkñúgTIpSarénEdndIrbs;Gñk GñkKYrsresrGMBIkarRbkYt RbECgbreTssRmab; FDI .

4> karRsavRCavGMBITIpSar enAeBleFVIkarRsavRCavTIpSarsRmab;karnaMecj cUrBinitüemIlTinñn½y b¤ ktþanaMmuxEdlGacmanRbeya

Cn_sRmab;kareXasnaCRmuj FDI .

ral;karRsavRCav RtUveqøIytbnwgsMNYrnanaBIRbeTseyIgGMBI ³

4>1 Rkumh‘unsmRsbedIm,IGnuvtþKeRmagNamYyCak;lak; b¤ edIm,IbMeBjtRmUvkarGPivDÆn_]sSahkmµCak; lak;.

4>2 RbPBmUlFn b¤ bec©kvíTüasRmab;EpnkarGPivDÆn_ EdlRKbdNþb;vís½yesdækic©mYycMnYn. 4>3 kitþuinamxagmuxCMnYj smtßPaBbec©keTs nigsßanPaBhirBaØvtßúénvínieyaKineTAGnaKt.

pþl;eyabl;GMBI nigsRmYl[ebIkkarcrca CamYyvínieyaKinEdlmancMNab;GarmµN_. cUreFVIkareqøIytb eTAnwgsMNYrGMBIkarvínieyaK EdlpþÜcepþÍmedayRkumh‘unnanaenAmUldæan.

5> karpSBVpSayCasaFarN³ cUrelIkkMBs;cMNab;GarmµN_rbs;saFarNCnenAkñúgRbeTseyIg [køayCa]sSahkmµEdlmanskþanuB

lTaMgenAkñúgRbeTseyIg nigenAeRkARbeTs. cUrpSBVpSayB½t’manGMBI»kassRmab; FDI enAkñúgRbeTseyIg enA kñúgsarB½t’mannana b¤ GtßbTEdlGñkerobcMeLIgsRmab;eKalbMNgCRmujkarnaMecjrbs;RbeTseyIg.



86

X karvaytémøKeRmagvinieyaK EsVgyl;GMBImUldæanRKwHénkarGPivDÆKeRmag nigkarvaytémø edIm,ITTYlsÁal;GMBIkarRbQmnana Edl TaMgsgxagman edIm,IedaHRsay[)an munnwgvaGacQandl;karseRmcmYy GMBIkarrksIucUlh‘unKña.

vdþGPivDÆKeRmagpSMedaydMNak;kalcMnYnbI.

buervínieyaK

karvínieyaK

karpþÜcepþÍmRbtibtþikar.

tamFmµta dMNak;kalbuervínieyaKRtUv)anEbgEckeTACabIdMNak;kalbnþeTot EdlnImYy²RtUvbBa©b; edaykarsikSadUcteTA ³

kareFVIGtþsBaØaN»kasvínieyaK nigkarbegáItKeRmag CaelIkdMbUg

karsikSa»kas b¤ karsikSabuerlT§PaB

karsresrlMGitGMBIKeRmag karsikSalT§PaB

karvaytémøKeRmagCacugeRkay r)aykarN_vaytémøCacugeRkay

enAeBlEdleKalKMnitGMBIKeRmagmYy)anelceLIg skmµPaBeXasnadMbUgrbs;GñkpþÜcepþÍm KWGacBinitü emIlédKUhirBaØvtßú EdlnwgEckrEmøkkarcMNayelIéføsikSa»kas. RbsinebIkarsikSaenHrkeXIjfa KeRmagenaH pþl;pl CMhanbnÞab;KWRtUvEsVgrkédKUmYyedIm,Ipþl;hirBaØb,Tan b¤ pþl;hirBaØb,TanmYyEpñk b¤ pþl;hirBaØb,Tan mYyEpñksRmab;karsikSalT§PaB. RbsinebIkarsikSalT§PaBbgðajBIlT§plvíC¢man skmµPaBeXasnanwg RtUv Qandl;karEsVgrkvinieyaKinEdlmanskþanuBlCak;lak;sRmab;KeRmagenaH. RbsinebIkarEsVgrk)anTTYl eCaKC½y vínieyaKinEdlmancMNab;GarmµN_ nwgRtUveFVIr)aykarN_vaytémø nigtamFmµta cUlrYmy:agskmµenAkñúg karerobcMr)aykarN_vaytémøenH.

enATUTaMgdMeNIrkarxagelIenH PaKInanaGaccUlrYm dUcCa CDC b¤FanaKarBaNiC¢kmµ b¤ édKUepSgeTot. RtUvpþl;eTA[PaKInImYy²nUvesckþIsegçb b¤ ÉksarsßanPaBénTidæPaBCak;lak;énkarsikSananaxagelI Edlman karBak;B½n§CacMbg. ]TahrN_³ RksYgesdækic© nighirBaØvtßú (MEF) nwgcg;dwgGMBIplcMeNjxagesdækic©EdlrMBwg TukBIKeRmagenaH nig\T§iBlmkelIplcMNUlCarUbiyb½NÑbreTs. FnaKar b¤ sßab½npþl;R)ak;km©I nwgmancMNab; GarmµN_CaBiessEtelIkarvíPaKhirBaØvtßú nigsnþisuxelIR)ak;km©I. cMENkvínieyaKin nwgeFVIkarvaytémøkRmitpl cMeNj nigktþahaniP½y. ÉksarsßanPaBKYrEtpþl;nUvTinñn½ysMxan;² nigtaragvíPaKEdlnwgGac[PaKITaMgGs; ÉkPaBKñaenAÉtucrca.



DRAFT 11/28/2004

CMBUk 15

kareFVIGtþsBaØaN nigkarBnül; dl;GñkEdlGackøayCaGñkpÁt;pÁg;

rUbiyb½NÑbreTsEdlsnSM)an KWCarUbiyb½NÑbreTsEdlrk)an. kareFVIlT§kmµnaMcUledayKµankarcat;

Ecg RtUv)anTTYlsÁal;kan;EteRcInfaCa mUlehtuénkar)at;bg;y:agF¶n;F¶rkñúgkarkan;kab;rUbiyb½NÑbreTsenAkñúg RbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ nigRbeTsGPivDÆn_tictYc. kñúgnamCaGñktMNagBaNiC¢kmµenAkñúgEdndIéntMENgrbs;xøÜn EdlCaGñkpÁt;pÁg;Cak;Esþg nigEdlmanskþanuBly:agsMxan;éntRmUvkarnaMcUlrbs;RbeTseyIg GñkGacRtUv)an esñIsMu[eFVIGtþsBaØaNGñkpÁt;pÁg; nigedIm,IbgðajBICMhrBaNiC¢kmµ nigPaBTukcitþ)anrbs;BYkeK. GñkGacRtUveFVIkar crcaCadMbUg nigcUlrYmenAkñúgebskkmµTijBIRbeTseyIg nigeRkaymankarpþl;kic©snüa edIm,ICYyTIPñak;gar lT§kmµrbs;Gñk edaypþl;esvakmµnana EdlTak;Tgnwgkic©snüa b¤ kartamdanelIkarGnuvtþkic©snüaTij. {sRmab;eKalbMNgénkUnesovePAenH kareFVIlT§kmµnaMcUlRtUv)ansnµtfaCatYnaTIrbs;Gñk}.

k karkMNt;GaTiPaBrbs;Gñk

lT§kmµkarnaMcUl EdlCaEpñkmYyénrUbPaBTaMgmUlénBaNiC¢kmµ minGacedaHRsay)andac;edayELk enaHeLIy. lT§kmµsRmab;karnaMcUl EdlmanRbsiT§iPaBxagkarcMNay nigEdlpþl;pl RbsinebI)andak;bBa©Úl enAeRkamkrNIykic©rbs;Gñk KYrEtpþl;GaTiPaBdUcKña dUcCakareXasnaedIm,ICRmujkarnaMecjpgEdr. GñkKYrEt eFVI[mantulüPaB nigRKb;RKgeBlevla nigskmµPaBrbs;Gñk tamvíFImYyedIm,IbegáInCaGtibrmanUvplcMeNj sRmab;RbeTseyIg EdlGacTTYl)anBIkic©RbwgERbgrbs;Gñk enAkñúgTaMgkarEsVgrkTIpSar nigkarTij.

enAkñúgkareFVI[mantulüPaB GñkKYrEteKarBeTAtameKalkarN_mYycMnYndUcteTA ³ sar³sMxan;CarYménesdækic©elIkarnaMcUlplitplmkkñúgRbeTseyIg

sßanPaBRbkYtRbECgénplitplnaMcUlmkBIEdndIrbs;Gñk eFobnwgkarpÁt;pÁg;BIRbeTsdéTeTot

vtþmanénGñktMNagmkBIGgÁPaBnaMecjénRbeTseyIgenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk.

CafµÍmþgeTot eKKµanvtßúNamYysRmab;CMnYscMeNHdwgGMBI ³ lkçxNÐénRbeTsrbs;eyIg

TRmg;énkarnaMcUl eKalneya)ay EbbbT nigvíFITijrbs;GgÁPaBnaMcUlénRbeTseyIg



88

karnaMecjénEdndIrbs;Gñk nUvcMNab;GarmµN_Cak;Esþg b¤ EdlmanskþanuBl mkRbeTseyIg k¾dUcCa bTb,BaØtþirbs;RbeTsenaH elIEpñk nignItivíFIsRmab; karnaMecjmkkan;RbeTseyIg

karnaMecjplitplEdlmanKuNPaBsRmab;karnaMecjmkBIEdndIEdlGñkkan;tMENg mkkan;RbeTs eyIg nigvíFI nigynþkarénkarTijrbs;RbeTsenaH éføEdl)anbg; .l edIm,IGac[GñkbgðajCUndl; GgÁPaBnaMcUlrbs;RbeTseyIgGMBIkic©karenH

TRmg;rYménkarEsVgrkTIpSarsRmab;skþanuBlnaMcUlmkkñúgRbeTseyIg karpÁt;pÁg;enATUTaMgBiPBelak nigkarGPivDÆbec©kvíTüaEdlman\T§iBlmkelIplitplTaMgenH.

GñkKYrEteronsURtpgEdrGMBIrebobeFVIGtþsBaØaN nigvaytémøRbPBpÁt;pÁg; nigEsVgyl;GMBIbbbTkñúgkar cuHkic©snüa. enAeBlEdlGgÁPaBnaMcUlrbs;eyIgBMumanGñktMNagenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk GñkKYrEtedIrtYCabNaþaj sRmab;karEckcayB½t’mantamTisTaMgBIrpgEdr.

x ehtuGVIRtUv[manlT§kmµsRmab;karnaMcUl? lT§kmµnaMcUledayKµankareRKagTuk GacCakarx¢Hx¢ay. mankar)::an;RbmaNfa CamFüm RbeTskMBug GPivDÆn_ nigRbeTsGPivDÆn_tictYc )anbg;éføBI 10 eTA 15° bEnßmBIelIGRtabþÚrR)ak; edaysarkarRKb;RKgelI karnaMcUlmin)anl¥.

manehtuplCaeRcInsRmab;RbkarenH EdlrYmTaMgkarksagEpnkarRKb;RKgmin)anl¥ karenAdac;BIKñaén karTTYlxusRtUvelIkarTij bBaðaxøH² nigPaBcas;hYsm½yénEbbbTkñúgkarTij nigkgVHm®nþIlT§kmµEdlman CMnaj. ehtuplsMxan;bMputKWkgVHcMeNHdwg manB½t’mantictYc b¤KµanGMBIlkçN³bec©keTslMGitsRmab;plitpl éfø lkçxNÐénkarpÁt;pÁg;sBVéf¶ nigeTAGnaKt kgVHTsSn³sIuCeRmAGMBITmøab;enAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµ nigEbbbTcuHkic© snüa karminyl;dwgGMBIEbbbTbBa¢ÚnTMnij nigTIpSarBiPBelakelIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij.l. eKalbMNgrbs;GñkKYrEtCakarpþl;[GgÁPaBnaMcUlrbs;eyIg41 nUvB½t’man nigcMeNHdwgTan;eBl nigEdl GacTukcitþ)an dUecñHGacCYyGgÁPaBTaMgenaHenAkñúgkarTij ³

kñúgbrimaNRtwmRtUv RsbeTAtamlkçN³bec©keTslMGitEdlcg;)an

enAkñúgeBlsmRsbbMput

taméføRbkbedayPaBRbkYtRbECgbMput

enAeRkamlkçxNÐénkarpÁt;pÁg;Edll¥bMput. 41 mankarsnµtifa GgÁPaBnaMcUlrbs;RbeTseyIg manRbB½n§RKb;RKgkarnaMcUlRbkbedayRbsiT§iPaB.



89

K kareFVIGtþsBaØaNGñkpÁt;pÁg; karTTYYlxusRtUvmYykñúgcMeNamkarTTYlxusRtUvbzmrbs;Gñk KWkareFVIGtþsBaØaNGñkplitEdlman mUldæanrwgmaM nigEdlGacpþl;TMnij nigesvakmµedayéføTab edayGacmancMNab;GarmµN_cMeBaHRbeTseyIg. enAeBlenaH GñkKYrEtENnaMdl;BYkeKGMBIrebobeFVICMnYjCamYyRbeTseyIg.

edIm,IeFVIGtþsBaØaNGñkpÁt;pÁg;smRsb GñkKYrEtBieRKaHeyabl;CamYy ³ TIPñak;gak;CRmujkarnaMecjénrdæaPi)alenAmUldæan

sPaBaNiC¢kmµ smaKmBaNiC¢kmµ nig]sSahkmµ esovePAGasydæan]sSahkmµ nigBaNiC¢kmµ FnaKarBaNiC¢kmµ¼CMnYj nigRKwHsßanhirBaØvtßúepSgeTot

GgÁkarGnþrCati nigRbcaMtMbn;EdlmanÉkeTs nigÉksare)aHBum<pSayrbs;GgÁkarTaMgenaH TsSnavdþIÉkeTsxagbec©keTs nigBaNiC¢kmµenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk

kataLúkGMBIBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ nigBiBN’ÉkeTs nig

GñkeRbIR)as;kñúgmUldæannUvplitpl nigesvakmµEdlCaTIcMNab;GarmµN_cMeBaHRbeTseyIg. karEsVgrkGñkpÁt;pÁg;rbs;Gñk KYrEtCaskmµPaBGnuvtþCab;Cabnþ EdlmaneKalbMNgCab;CaRbcaMkñúgkar

eFVIGtþsBaØaNGñkpÁt;pÁg;fµÍ² EdlGacmancMNab;GarmµN_cMeBaHRbeTseyIg nigedIm,IbM)at;ecalGñkpÁt;pÁg;EdlBMu mancMNab;GarmµN_ b¤ EdlElgmanskmµPaB nig¼b¤ ElgmanPaBRbkYtRbECg.

X karENnaMGMBIGñkpÁt;pÁg;EdlmanskþanuBl eRkABIpþl;esvakmµeqøIytbnwgsMNYrGMBIkarnaMcUlEdlTTYl)anBIGgÁPaBnaMcUlnana BIRbeTseyIg Gñk k¾RtUv)anrMBwgfanwgpþl;B½t’man nigkarENnaMdl;GñknaMecjenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk Edl)anbegáItkarTak;TgCa CamYyGgÁkarEbbenaHrYcehIy b¤ EdlmanbMNgbegáItTMnak;TMngBaNiC¢kmµfµÍmYy. tamFmµta GñknaMecjTaMgenH nwgpþl;kareqøIytbedayhµWgm:at;eTAnwgkic©pþÜcepþÍmNamYyBIxagrUbGñk edIm,IeFVI[BYkeK)andwgGMBI»kaslk; enA kñúgRbeTseyIg. GñkTak;TgTaMgenaHnwgbegáItsucänÞ³eTArkshKmGñknaMcUl¼naMecjrbs;RbeTseyIg. BYkeK nwgCYysRmYl)aneRcInpgEdrnUvkic©karCRmujkargarnaMecjrbs;Gñk.

edIm,Ipþl;karENnaMdl;GñkpÁt;pÁg;enAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk GñkKYrEtmankaryl;dwg)anhµt;ct;GMBIeKalneya )ay nigEbbbTénkarnaMcUlenAkñúgRbeTseyIg EdlrYmTaMgrbbénkarnaMcUl nigbTbBa¢a nigbTb,BaØtþiEdlBak; B½n§pgEdr. GñkKYrEteFVIkarTak;TgCaeTogTat;CamYyGñknaMcUlCak;Esþg nigGñknaMcUlEdlmanskþanuBlenAkñúg



90

RbeTseyIg nigFanafaGµkTTYl)anbBa¢IfµÍ²bMputCajwkjab; GMBIplitplEdlnaMcUl nigtRmUvkarRbcaMqñaMpgEdr. Gñkk¾RtUvEtsÁal;víFIeFVIlT§kmµrbs;GñknaMcUlénRbeTseyIg lkçN³lMGitbec©keTs nigsþg;darKuNPaB nigRbPB sBVéf¶énkarnaMcUlpgEdr.

GñkKYrEtelIkTwkcitþdl;GñkpÁt;pÁg;Edlmankitþinaml¥kñúgkarpþl;TMnij nigesvakmµ EdlmancMNab;Ga rmµN_cMeBaHRbeTseyIg edIm,I[eqøIytbeTAnwgkarsaksYrGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ karRbkascUledjéfø .l. BIGgÁPaB TijénRbeTseyIg. 42

kñúgn½yenH GñkKYrpþl;GñkpÁt;pÁg;EdlmanskþanuBlnUvB½t’mandUcteTA ³

B½t’manTUeTA nigTinñn½ysßitiGMBIesdækic© ]sSahkmµ ehdæarcnasm<½n§esdækic© nigEpnkarGPivDÆn_EdlBak; B½n§eTAnwgkmµvíFInaMcUlrbs;RbeTseyIg .

Rkbx½NÐeKalneya)ay nigTRmg;éntRmUvkarsRmab;karnaMcUl .

B½tmanGMBIRbPBsBVéf¶énTMnijnaMcUl brimaNRtUvkar niglkçN³bec©keTslMGiténTMnij.

B½t’manlMGitGMBITmøab;kñúgCMnYjenAkñúgRbeTseyIg lT§kmµ nigbNþajEckcay nigTmøab;EdlBak;B½n§nwg BaNiC¢kmµ

eQµaHGgÁPaBnaMcUlEdlmankarGnuBaØat nigmuxTMnij nigesvakmµ EdlBYkeKRtUvkar EdlrYmTaMglkçN³ bec©keTslMGitpgEdr .

B½t’manGMBIvíFI ³ - cuHbBa¢IkñúgnamCaGñkpÁt;pÁg; nigedIm,Idak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgbBa¢IGñkTTYlB½t’manEdlTak;Tgnwgkar

Tij nigkarGMBavnav[cUledjéfø .l.

- TsSnaRbeTseyIgenAkñúgTsSnkic©xagCMnYj nig

- cUlrYmenAkñúgBiBN’ nigkartaMgbgðajBaNiC¢kmµkñúgRbeTseyIg.

eKalkarN_ENnaMTUeTAGMBIrebobCRmujTMnak;TMngBaNiC¢kmµ CamYyTIPñak;garlT§kmµkñúgRbeTseyIg.

42 GñkGacRtUvrMBwgfanwg Binitü nigcat;víFankarelIkarbBa¢aTij erobcMbBa¢IeRCIserIsGñkpÁt;pÁg;Edlpþl;éføCalkçN³RbkYtRbECg TTYl)ankarkMNt;éfø tamry³karsaksYr esckþIRbkasGeBa¢IjcUledjéfø .l. vaytémølT§plénkaredjéfønana karkMNt;éfø kardak;BaküsMu .l. b¤ BinitüplcMeNj BIkareFVIlT§kmµ nigeFVIsmÖasGñkpÁt;pÁg;. Gñkk¾GacRtUvTTYlbnÞúkelIkarEckcaysMNYrGMBIkarTij karedjéfø nigkarGeBa¢IjepSg²eTot EdlTak;Tgnwg karpÁt;pÁg;TMnij nigesvakmµ elIkTwkcitþ[mankareqøIytbCavíC¢man nigRbkbedayPaBRbkYtRbECg eFVIskmµPaBCabnþeRkaykaredjéfø nigkarpþl;CUn tbmkvíj nigeRtomerobcM nigcUlrYmenAkñúgkarcrcaedIm,IeFVIlT§kmµ. Gñkk¾GacRtUveKGeBa¢Ij[CYyRkumGñkcrcaénRkumh‘unnaMcUlrbs;RbeTseyIg nig cUlrYmenAkñúgkarcrcaEdlnaMeTArkkarcuHkic©snüaeFVIlT§kmµpgEdr. Gñkk¾GacGeBa¢Ij[CYypþl;eyabl;dl;shRKasnaMcUl GMBIyuT§saRsþcrcarbs;BYk eK edIm,Ikat;bnßyéfø nigedIm,ITTYl)anlkçxNÐesvakmµ nighirBaØb,TanEdlmanPaBGnueRKaHeRcIn edayBMucaM)ac;cMNaybEnßm. Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;CaeRcIn pþl;karbBa©úHéføCaBiess dl;GñkTijdMu nigdl;GñkTijCaeTogTat; nigGtifíCnEdlmanGMeNaypl. Gñkk¾GacCYyFanakarkat;bnßy b¤ karbBa©úHéfø edaysarcMeNHdwgCítsñiT§GMBITmøab;enAmUldæan. GñkGacpþl;karENnaMRbEhlKñaenH enAeBlEdlshRKasnaMcUlcat;GeBa¢IjRkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;[mk TsSnkic©RbeTseyIgedIm,IeFVIkarcrca. RbsinebIGñkminGacvílRtLb;mkRbeTskMeNItvíjedIm,IcUlrYm enAkñúgkarcrca GñkKYrEtpþl;[Rkumh‘unnaMcUl nUvesckþIBnül;xøI²GMBIBaNiC¢kmµ.



91

CMBUk16 lkçxNÐénkarRbKl;TMnij

CMBUkenHGFib,ayGMBIynþkarnanaénRbtibtþikarnaMecj. ynþkarCaeRcInEdlBinitüemIlenATIenHGacmin TMngCamankarBak;B½n§edaypÞal;eTAnwgkargarrbs;GñkeLIy enAeBlemIlmYyEPøt. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday Gñk RtUvmanTsSn³vís½yxøHenAkñúgEpñknanaénRbtibtþikarnaMecj nigEsVgyl;GMBIvaküs½BÞ edIm,IGñkGacBiPakSaGMBI kic©karBaNiC¢kmµCamYyRkumh‘unnaMecj nigGñkTijenAkñúgRbeTseyIg yl;)anGMBIcMNucsMxan;²énvívaTkñúgBaNiC¢ kmµ crcaCamYyGñknaMecjEdlmanskþanuBlsRmab;RbeTseyIg .l. EpñkenHcab;epþImCamYykarBinitüemIlGMBI EbbbTnaMecj bnÞab;mkvíPaKGMBIlkçxNÐénkarRbKl;TMnij edaysgát;F¶n;elIsPaBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati Edl)an karTTYlsÁal;Caskleday INCOTERMS. bnÞab;mkEpñkenH BinitüemIlRbFanbTnanaénkarFanar:ab;rgTMnij ÉksarnaMTMnijecj kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij karevcx©b;sRmab;TIpSarnaMecj karkMNt;éføedIm éfølk; nigkarkMNt;éfø lk; nigkarsnñidæanedayEp¥kelIkarsikSamYyGMBIbBaðananaEdlBak;B½n§CamYykarbg;R)ak; karRbmUlR)ak; hirBaØ-b,TanelIkarnaMecj nigGRtabþÚrR)ak;.

k TidæPaBrYm

enAeBlmanEtRbeTsmYycMnYntUcBak;B½n§enAkñúgkarnaMecj víFIEdleRbIR)as;manlkçN³samBaØ. b:uEnþ enAeBlEdlRbeTskan;EteRcIneLIgcab;epþImeFVIBaNiC¢kmµ bTb,BaØtþisþg;darRtUv)anbegáIteLIg. sþg;darTaMgenH )anvívtþCaeRcInstvtSr_mkehIy nigsBVéf¶enHeKGaceFVIGtþsBaØaNEbbbTTUeTAsRmab;karnaMecjmYycMnYn.

1> karkMNt;éfølk; karkMNt;éføsRmab;karbBa¢aTijenAkñúgTIpSarkñúgRbeTs manPaBgayRsYlNas;. plitkrdwgéføedIm

énkarplitTMnijrbs;xøÜn. Kat;k¾dwgGMBIkarcMNayRbtibtþikar ¬éføCYleragcRk R)ak;eborvtSr_ sRmab;buKÁlik éfø cMNayedIm,IRbKl;TMnij.l.¦ nigGacKNnay:agqab;rh½séfølk; Edlnwgpþl;plcMNUlcaM)ac;pgEdr. eTaH Cay:agNak¾eday sRmab;TIpSarnaMecj karkMNt;éføCaerOglM)akmYy. plitkrGacminyl;dwg)aneRcInGMBIPaB RbkYtRbECg niglkçxNÐdéTeTotenAkñúgTIpSarnaMecjEdlsßitenAq¶ayenaHeLIy. Kat;RtUvEtBicarNaGMBIéfø cMNaybEnßmelIkarevcx©b; kardwkCBa¢Ún karFanar:ab;rg kéRmeCIgsarsRmab;Pñak;gar .l.



92

2> ÉksarsRmab;karnaMTMnijecj GñknaMecjRtUvEtdwgfaetIÉksarnaMecjGVIxøHEdlRtUvkarCacaM)ac; EdlCalkçxNÐkMNt;edayrdæaPi)al

rbs;Kat; nigedayrdæaPi)alénRbeTsdéT.

3> r)ayrUbvnþ kareRCIserIsvíFIdwkCBa¢Ún)ansmRsbmansar³sMxan;CaGayuCÍvítsRmab;GñknaMecj EdlRtUvEtEsVgrk

víFIcMNayTabCageK edIm,InaMykplitpleTAdl;TIpSarnaMecj. b:uEnþ éføedImminEmnrab;bBa©ÚlRtwmEtCaéføecj BIeragcRkb:ueNÑaHeT. RbsinBIGñknaMecjEs,keCÍgm:Ut ehIyvíFIdwkCBaÚ¢nEdlcMNayticCageKKWtamnava EdlRtUv cMNayeBlCaeRcInExedIm,IeFVIdMeNIr dUecñHGñkGacseRmcfaRtUvcMNayeRcInedIm,IGacRbKl;TMnij)anqab;rh½s. m:Utminrg;caMGñknaMecjeT.

rfynþdwkTMnijsRmab;pøÚvq¶ay b¤ tamrfePøIg GacmankarTak;TajCagkardwkCBa¢Úntamnava b¤tam Gakas. GñknaMecjRtUveCosvagkareRbIR)as;víFIEbbburaN edaysar{EtvaRKan;EtCaTmøab;EdleKeFVIEbbenaH}. eTaHtamvíFINamYyk¾edayénkardwkCBa¢ÚnEdlGñknaMecjseRmceRCIsyk eKRtUvEtKitKUrGMBIlkçxNÐénkarRbKl; EdlGñkTijcg;)an.

x lkçxNÐénkarRbKl;;TMnij1> TidæPaBrYm

enAeBlGñknaMecjkMNt;éfølk;sRmab;plitplNamYy Kat;elIksMeNIpþl;mYy. RbsinebIGtifíCn TTYlyksMeNIpþl;enH BYkeKnwgbegáItCakic©snüanaMecjmYy. kic©snüaenHbBa¢ak;GMBIlkçxNÐEdlenAkñúgenaH RtUvmankarRbKl;TMnij.

éføEdl)ankMNt; RtUvKitbBa©ÚléføcMNayelIkarRbKl;TMnij dUecñHGñknaMecjkñúgRbeTseyIgRtUvEtdwg taMgBIdMNak;kaledImdMbUgGMBIcMNucEdlKat;RtUvRbKl;TMnij. EbbbTFmµtamYysRmab;GñknaMecjeRCIserIsyk KWkarkMNt;éfø FOB. BaküenHtMNag[Gtßn½y {minKitQñÜlmkdl;nava} nigmann½yfa Kat;RtUvEtRbKl;TMnij dl;elInavamYyenAkMBg;EpkñúgRbeTseyIg. GñknaMecjnwgbg;éføsRmab;karRbKl;TMnijrhUtdl;cMNucenaH ehIy GñkTijRtUvbg;éføsRmab;karbBa¢ÚnTMnijenAelIkMNat;pøÚvEdlenAsl;.

lkçxNÐénkarRbKl;TMnijk¾bgðajc,as;pgEdrGMBIkarTTYlxusRtUvelITMnij RbsinebImanGVIekIteLIg cMeBaHTMnijenaH. ]TahrN_ ³ enAeRkamlkçxNÐ FOB GñknaMecjmankarTTYlxusRtUvrhUtTMnij)anRbKl;mk dl;elInava. GtifíCnr:ab;rgkarTTYlxusRtUvcab;BITIenaHbnþmk.



93

2> karFanar:ab;rg TMnijKYrEtevcx©b;)anRtwmRtUv nigdak;sBaØa)anc,as;las; edIm,Ikat;bnßykarxUcxatb¤)at;bg; enAkñúgeBl

eFVIdMeNIr. b:uEnþ sUm,IEtlkçxNÐbgáargay²TaMgenHRtUv)anGnuvtþehIykþI eRKaHfñak;enAEtGacekIteLIg. bEnßmelI haniP½yénGKÁIP½y nigkarelcFøay eKenAEtmankarKMramkMEhgBIecarkmµ. navaEdldwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij Gaclic b¤ xUcxatCaTm¶n; EdlGaceFVI[TMnijxøHRtUvEte)aHecalBIelInava EdlkñúgenaH Gacrab;bBa©ÚlTaMg TMnijnaMecjpg Edr. dUecñHRbkarsMxan;KWRkumh‘unnaMecjrbs;Gñk RtUvEtyl; nigTijkarFanar:ab;rg edIm,Ikat;bnßyhaniP½y énkar)at;bg;TaMgenH.

3> lkçxNÐénkarbg;éfø 43 GñknaMecjRtUvEtR)akdkñúgcitþfa xøÜnTTYl)ansMNg ehIyminmankarBnüaeBlhYslkçxNÐEdl)an

ÉkPaBKñaenaHeLIy. enAeBlEdlGtifíCnsßitenAcm¶ayCaeRcInBan;m:ayl_BIGñklk; EdlenAkñúgRbeTsepSgKña vaCakarlM)akkñúgkartamdanGMBIbMNulF¶n;F¶r. manvíFIkarBarmYycMnYn EdlGñknaMecjGacRbkan;yk. dMbUg Kat;GaceFVI[R)akdfaGtifíCnGacTijeCO)an. bnÞab;mk GñknaMecjGacsMulixit\NTanBIGtifíCn (LC) eBalKW RbtibtþikarEdlGnuvtþedayFnaKarcMnYnBIr mYyenAkñúgRbeTsrbs;GtifíCn nigmYyepSgeTotenAkñúgRbeTsGñknaM ecj. manlkçxNÐdéTeToténkarbg;éfø edIm,I[Rsbtamkal³eTs³xus²Kña.

4> hirBaØb,TankarbBa¢anaMecj GñknaMecj BMuKYrTTYlykkarbBa¢aTijeRcIneLIy RbsinebIKat;minGacbMeBj[)an. Kat;RtUvEtBinitü

emIlfaKat;manlMhUrsac;R)ak;EdlcaM)ac; nigsac;R)ak;kñúgcMnYnRKb;RKan; edIm,Ipþl;CahirBaØb,TansRmab;kic©snüa enaHEdrb¤eT edayRtUvcgcaMfa Kat;Gacmin)anTTYlR)ak; CakarTUTat;cMeBaHTMnijEdl)anbBa¢ÚneTAeLIy rhUtdl; eBlkMNt;mYyeTAGnaKt. enAkñúgkal³eTs³xøH GñknaMecjGacesñIsMu[mankarTUTat;éføCamun b:uEnþRbkarenHkRm eFVIeTA)anNas;. Kat;RbEhlCaRtUvplitTMnij nigRbKl;TMnijenaHeTATIpSar munnwg)anTTYlR)ak;.

5> kareRCIserIslkçxNÐénkarRbKl;TMnij lkçxNÐénkarRbKl;TMnij GaceFVI[manPaBxusKñarvagplcMeNj nigkarxatbg;. kareRCIserIslkç

xNÐ)ansmRsb mansar³sMxan;Nas;. enAeBlGñkTij nigGñklk; ÉkPaBKñaelIlkçxNÐénkarRbKl;TMnij BYk eKRtUvCab;katBVkic©tampøÚvc,ab; cMeBaHTidæPaBd¾sMxan;énRbtibtþikarenH.

5>1 etIéføcMNayGVIxøHEdlGñkTijRtUvbg; éføcMNayNaEdlGñklk;RtUvbg;?

5>2 ÉksarGVIxøHEdlGñklk;RtUvrk[)an nigetIGñkNaCaGñkcMNay? 43 lkçxNÐénkarTUTat; mansar³sMxan;Nas;enATIenH. GñknaMecj RtUvEtGacTTYl)ankarTUTat;tameBlkMNt; edIm,IKat;GacsgbMNul TnÞwmnwgenAEt GacbMeBjtamkarbBa¢aTij)aneTAGnaKt.



94

5>3 etIenAeBlNaeTIbsiT§ielITMnij nigkarTTYlxusRtUvelITMnijenaH RtUv)anepÞrBIGñklk;eTAGñkTij?

5>4 etIenAeBlNa nigenATIkEnøgNaEdlRtUvRbKl;TMnij?

6> GiunkUeFIm INCOTERMS44 lkçxNÐénkarRbK;;TMnij dUcCa “ex works” nig “free on board” RtUv)anbegáIteLIgCaeRcInqñaMmk

ehIy edIm,I[Rsbtamkal³eTs³Cak;lak;. edIm,IbM)at;karyl;RcLM EdlekItecjBIkareRbIR)as;BaküTaMgenH sPaBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati (ICC) )anbegáItBakü nigniymn½ysþg;darenAkñúgqñaM 1953. eday)ankarERbCacugeRka yenAkñúgqñaM 1980 BaküTaMgenHRtUv)anehAfa GiunkUeFIm nigbBa¢ak;GMBIEpñknanaénéføedIm nigkarTTYlxusRtUv rdæ)al rvagGñknaMecj nigGtifíCn. eTaHbImankarTTYlsÁal;CaGnþrCatik¾eday BaküenHCYnkalenAEtbkRsay xus²KñaenAkñúgRbeTsxusKñapgEdr. dUecñH karykcitþTukdak; nigkarbMPøW KWCaRbkarcaM)ac; enAeBleRbIR)as;Bakü TaMgenaH. ]TahrN_ ³ GtifíCn)araMgmñak; GaceRbIR)as;Bakü CAF (coūt, assurance, & fret) CMnYs[Bakü CIF ebIeTaHCaBaküTaMgenHmann½ydUcKñak¾eday. GiunkUeFImnana manBnül;enAkñúg]bsm<½n§ 7.

tamFmµta GuinkUeFIm RtUveKsÁal;tamBakübMRBYj dUcmanbBa¢ak;enAkñúg]bsm<½n§ 7 nigqøúHbBa©aMgGMBIkar dak;eQµaH ]Ta³ EXW ¬karnaMecj karevcx©b;¼kardak;sBaØasMKal;¦ FOR ¬bBa¢ÚnTMnijdl;sßanIyrfePøIg b¤ dl;rfynþdwkTMnij¦ Kampala, FAS ¬kardwkCBa¢Úndl;Ep nigdak;TMnijenAtambeNþaynava¦ Singapore,

FOB ¬bBa¢ÚnTMnijdak;dl;elInava nigerobcMÉksarbBa¢ÚnTMnij¦ Mombassa, CFR ¬éføbBa¢ÚnTMnij - BIkMBg;Ep eTAkMBg;Ep¦ Lagos, CIF ¬karFanar:ab;rgtamsmuRT¦ Calcutta, EXS ¬dak;TMnijenAeRkamkarTTYlxusRtUv rbs;kMBg;EpénGñkTijenAeKaledA¦ Yokohama, EXQ ¬ykéføepÞrTMnijenAkMBg;EpCaeKaledA¦ London,

DCP ¬karbg;Bn§ nigéfødwkCBa¢ÚnCabnÞúkrbs;GtifíCn¦ b¤ CIP ¬karFanar:ab;rgsRmab;kardwkCBa¢Ún¦ .l. katBV kic©enAeRkamlkçxNÐTaMgenH GacEkERbedaymankarÉkPaBKñaeTAvíjeTAmk. ]TahrN_ ³ GñknaMecjGaccat; Ecg[mankarFanar:ab;rg éføbBa¢ÚnTMnij b¤ kéRmdéTeTot kñúgnamGñkTij tamry³kic©snüa FOB b:uEnþ karTTYl xusRtUvenAEtsßitelIGtifíCn. RbkarenHk¾GacCa{víFIcRmuH}pgEdr dUcCa GñknaMecjTTYlkatBVkic©bg;éføxøH² edaykMNt;éfø FOB b:uEnþTTYlxusRtUvelIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijkñúgnamGtifíCn.

PaBbt;Ebn)an mansar³sMxan;Nas; enAkñúgkarbkRsay INCOTERMS. eTaHCay:agNak¾ eday karTTYlxusRtUvCaTUeTArbs;GñknaMecjenAeRkamlkçxNÐTaMgenH manGFib,aydUcxag eRkam ³

44 karBinitüemIllMGitGMBIkatBVkic©rbs;GñkTij nigGñklk;enAeRkam INCOTERMS manpþl;CUnenAkñúgCMBUk 1 TMB½r 24-26 én TidæPaBc,ab;én BaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati e)aHBum<rYmKñaeday mCÄmNÐlBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati ¼ sPaBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati RkughSWENv qñaM 1984.



95

6>1 enAeRkam EXW, GñknaMecjBMumankarTTYlxusRtUvCabnþcMeBaHmuxc,ab;eT enAeRkayKat;)anpþl;TMnij eTA[GtifíCnenAkEnøgrbs;Kat; ¬kEnøgkargar¼eragcRk¦ .

6>2 enAeRkam FOR nig FAS, GñknaMecjmanPar³TTYlxusRtUvRtwmEtelIkardwkCBa¢Úndl;rfePøIg b¤ Ep.

6>3 enAeRkam FOB GñknaMecjGacRtwmEtbBa¢ÚnTMnijdl;elInava EdlkMNt;edayGtifíCn. GñknaMecjmin Bak;B½n§CamYykarbBa¢ÚnTMnij nigkarFanar:ab;rgeLIy.

6>4 enAeRkam CIF, GñknaMecjRtUvbg;éføsRmab;RKb;TMnij nigkarFanar:ab;rgrhUtdl;EpCaeKaledA. Gñk naMecjk¾r:ab;rghaniP½yénkarERbRbYlGRtaénTMnijpgEdr elIkElgEtKat;bBa©ÚlmaRtaGMBI {kMeNIn TMnij} enAkñúgkic©snüa CIF enaH. m:üagvíjeTot GtifíCnBMur:ab;rgkarTTYlxusRtUveLIy rhUtdl;eBl EdlKat;GacTTYlykTMnijenAkMBg;EpCaeKaledA.

7> lkçxNÐepSgeTot 7>1 DAF

RbKl;TMnijenATl;Edn ... maneRbIR)as;tamrebobdUcCa DCP b¤ CIP Edr elIkElgEtfa katBVkic© rbs;Gñklk;bMeBjcb;sBVRKb; enAeBlEdlTMnijmkdl;RBMRbTl; munnwgqøgkat;Ky.

7>2 DDP

RbKl;TMnijbg;Bn§rYc ... maneRbIR)as;tamrebobdUcKñanwg DAF, b:uEnþ Gñklk;RtUvbg;éføBn§. maRta BiessmYy GacRtUvbEnßmenAeRkayBakü {bg;Bn§rYc} dUcCa {elIkElg Bn§elIéføbEnßm nig¼b¤ Bn§nanaepSgeTot}.



DRAFT 11/28/2004

CMBUk17 karFanar:ab;rgsRmab;TMnij

k PaBcaM)ac;edIm,IFanar:ab;rgsRmab;TMnij TMnijGacRbQmnwghaniP½yCaeRcInenAkñúgeBlbBa¢Ún. haniP½yTaMgenaHrab;bBa©Úl GKÁIP½y BüúH karb:H

TgÁic ecarkmµ karFøaynava ePrvkmµ nigkarpÞúH. kareFVIdMeNIr)anRsYleTARbeTsepSgeTot RtUvEtmankarFanar:ab; rg Tl;nwgkar)at;bg; b¤ karxUcxat enAkñúgdMNak;kalnImYy²éndMeNIr eRBaHfa ebIeTaHCadwkCBa¢ÚntamvíFINamYy k¾eday TaMgGñknaMecj nigGtifíCn nwgminrgeRKaHBIkar)at;bg;eLIy.

x etIKYrpþl;karFanar:ab;rgsRmab;GñkNaxøH?enAeRkamc,ab; buKÁlmñak;GacTijkarFanar:ab;rgdMeNIrtamsmuRTsRmab;TMnij RbsinebIKat;manpl

RbeyaCn_ EdlRtUvFanar:ab;rg. TaMgGñknaMecj b¤ GtifíCn nwgmanCab;katBVkic©cMeBaHmuxc,ab;elITMnijenAcMNuc NamYyéndMeNIr. karTTYlxusRtUvenaHmanEcgenAkñúglkçxNÐénkarRbKl; EdltamFmµta RsbeTAnwgeBlEdl siT§ielITMnijRtUvRbKl;BIGñknaMecj eTAGtifíCn. RbkarenHRtUv)anehAfa {karepÞrhaniP½y} ehIy INCOTERMS mansar³sMxan;Nas;enAkñúgn½yenH.

]TahrN_ enAkñúgkic©snüa FOB karepÞrkmµsiT§i eFVIeLIgenARtg;cMNucEdlTMnijqøgkat;EKmnava. tamRTwsþI GñknaMecjFanar:ab;rgTMnijrhUtdl;cMNucenaHehIyGñkTijr:ab;rgkarTTYlxusRtUvcab;BIcMNucenHteTA. ¬kñúgkarGnuvtþCak;Esþg tamFmµtaGtifíCnTijkarFanar:ab;rgsRmab;dMeNIrTaMgmUlenAkñúgkic©snüa FOB, FAS nigCFR. cab;BIXøaMgrbs;GñknaMecj rhUtdl;eKaledAcugeRkay¦. enAeRkamkic©snüa CIF GñknaMecj RtUvpþl; karFanar:ab;rgTl;nwghaniP½ynana EdltamFmµtaRtUvmanenAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµEbbenH. sBVéf¶eKminTamTar[Kat; eFVIEbbenHeToteT elIkElgEtPaKITaMgBIr)anÉkPaBdUecñH. bTb,BaØtþienHGacEkERb eTAtamkareRbIR)as;enAmUl dæan. minfakarEbgEckelIkarTTYlxusRtUvtamEbbNamYyEdl)anÉkPaBKñaEbbNaenaHeT eKRtUvEtbBa¢ak;[ c,as; nigmankarFanar:ab;rgelIkrNIbnÞan;nana. sUm,IEtenAeBlEdlkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñknaMecj )ancb; ehIyk¾eday enAeBlEdlKat;TukTMnijEdlRtUvbBa¢ÚnenAelIEp (FAS) CakarRbesIr enAkñúgkrNICaeRcIn Kat;KYr EtecjéføelIkarFanar:ab;rgelIdMeNIrTaMgmUl eRBaHfa bBaðahirBaØvtßúrbs;Kat;enAkñúg{karrksIurYmKñaenH} enAbnþ rhUtdl;Kat;)anTTYlR)ak;TUTat;sRmab;TMnijEdlKat;pþl;[. RbsinebITMnijRtUvxUcxatenAkñúgeBlbBa¢Ún Gtifí



97

CnGacminmanqnÞ³ b¤ minGacbg;éføsRmab;TMnijenaHpg.

edIm,IeCosvaghaniP½yEbbenH GñknaMecjKYrbegáIt[maneKalneya)ayTUeTAmYy EdllkçxNÐénkar lk; eFVI[Kat;TTYlxusRtUvelIkarpþl;karFanar:ab;rg sUm,IEtenAkñúgkic©snüa FOB k¾eday. RbsinebIminGaceFVI EbbenH)aneT edaysarTmøab;enAmUldæan GñknaMecjGacTijkarFanar:ab;rgyfaPaBBiess EdlbMeBjbEnßm elIral;kgVHxatenAkñúgkarTamTar EdlGacbg;edaykarFanar:ab;rgrbs;GtifíCn. KYrkt;sMKal;fa {karFanar:ab;rg dMeNIrtamsmuRT} KWCaBaküminRtwmRtUv nigGacBRgIkdl;kardwkCBa¢ÚnelIeKak b¤ tampøÚvTwksabpgEdr.

K kic©snüaFanar:ab;rgGnþrCatikMhusqÁg EdlRtUveCosvag ³

kRmitFanar:ab;rgminRKb;RKan; ¬xagEpñkhirBaØvtßú¦

karFanar:ab;rgminRKbdNþb;haniP½yEdl)ankt;sMKal;enAkñúg\NTanEdl)ancgRkgCaÉksar eKalneya)ayFanar:ab;rgminmanEcgCarUbiyvtßúén\NTanEdlmankñúgÉksar eKalneya)aymin)anTTYlkarKaMRTedayGñkTTYlkarFanar:ab;rg nig¼b¤ edayGñkpþl;karFanar:ab;rg

víBaØabnb½Rt b¤eKalneya)ay mancuHkalbriecäT enAeRkayeBlEdl)anbBa¢ÚnTMnijecj b¤eRkaynava ecjdMeNIr elIkElgEtmankarbBa¢ak;faCakarepÞrBIXøaMgmYy eTAXøaMgmYyepSgeTot

TMnijRtUv)ancuHbBa¢IminRtwmRtUv karEkERbmin)anTTYlkarGnuBaØat

eKalneya)ayminGacepÞr)an enAeBlcaM)ac; eQµaHnavaEdldwkTMnijenaHminmancuHbBaI¢ eKalneya)ayminEcgGMBIkarepÞrTMnij enAeBlRbkarenHmanbBa¢ak;enAkñúgb½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij.

elIsBIenH RbsinebIkarFanar:ab;rgCalkçxNÐcaM)ac;kMNt;eday\NTanÉksar dUcmanEcgenAkñúgeKal karN_ÉksNaæan nigkarGnuvtþrbs; ICC sRmab;\NTanÉksar (UCP)ÉksarFanar:ab;rgRtUvEt ³

dUcEdlmanEcgbBa¢ak;enAkñúg\NTanÉksar (maRta 35, UCP)

RKbdNþb;haniP½yEdlmanbBa¢ak;enAkñúg\NTanÉksar (maRta 38, UCP)

RsbKñaCamYyÉksarepSgeTotenAkñúgGtþsBaØaNkmµénkareFVIdMeNIr nigesckþIGFib,ayGMBITMnijenaH. elIkElgEtmankarEcgbBa¢ak;enAkñúg\NTanÉksar ³

- RtUvEtCaÉksarmYy Edlecjeday nig¼b¤ cuHhtßelxaedayRkumh‘unFanar:ab;rg b¤Pñak;gar rbs;Rkumh‘unenaH b¤ edayGñkFana (maRta 35, UCP);



98

- mancuHkalbriecäTenAéf¶ b¤ enAmunkalbriecäTénkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij dUcmanPsþútagenAelIÉksar bBa¢ÚnTMnij b¤manEcgfa karFanar:ab;rgmanRbsiT§iPaBy:agyUrbMput Kitcab;BIéf¶EdlbBa¢Ún TMnij (maRta 36, UCP); nig

- sRmab;brimaNy:agehacNas;esµInwgtémøénTMnij CIF nig tamrUbiyb½NÑén\NTan (maRta 37, UCP) .

RbsinebIGñkeFVIkarenAkñúgRbeTsmYy EdlkarFanar:ab;rgenAkñúgTIpSarFanar:ab;rgkñúgmUldæanKW CakatBV kic© GñkRtUvEtsÁal;GMBIlkçxNÐéneKalneya)ayEbbenH. cUrTsSnakariyal½yFanar:ab;rgEdlBak;B½n§ RbmUl ykeKalneya)ayFanar:ab;rgTaMgGs;Edlmanpþl; nigRsg;ykB½t’manepSgeTotEdlman dUcCa kartRmUv[ tMkl;R)ak;sRmab;karbg;éføbuBVlaP b¤ eKalkarN_Rbhak;RbEhlKñaenH.

X etIFanar:ab;rgEbbNa?45

eKalneya)ayFanar:ab;rgmYyRtUvecj enAeBlmankarFanar:ab;rgTMnij b:uEnþvaCaerOgFmµtapgEdr kñúg karecj{víBaØabnb½RtFanar:ab;rg} EdlRtUveRbIR)as;CaPsþútagénkarFanar:ab;rg. eKalneya)aymYyKWCakic© snüamYy CaÉksarpøÚvc,ab; nigCaeKalkarN_mYy EdlmannaTICaPsþútagénkarRBmeRBogrvagGñkFanar:ab;rg nigbuKÁulEdlCaGñkecjéføkarFanar:ab;rg. eKalneya)ay b¤víBaØabnb½RtFanar:ab;rgtamsmuRT begáItCaEpñkmYy énÉksarbBa¢ÚnTMnij. eKalneya)aymYyk¾RtUv)aneRbIR)as;pgEdrCabnÞal; enAeBlEdlGñknaMecjyl;RBmbg; éfømun CafñÚrnwg\NTanFnaKar.

Rkumh‘unEdleFVIkarCaeTogTat;enAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµbreTs BMusUveRbIR)as;eKalneya)aynImYy²sRmab;kar bBa¢ÚnTMnijmYyelIkeLIy. tamFmµta GñknaMecj Fanar:ab;rgenAeRkameKalneya)ayry³eBlEvg EdlehAfa {KRmbebIk}. kic©snüaTaMgenH GacmansRmab;ry³eBlkMNt; b¤ KµankalkMNt; rhUtdl;mankarlubecal. kñúgnamCaPsþútagenAkñúgkarbBa©ÚnTMnijnImYy² Rkumh‘unFanar:ab;rg b¤ QµÜjkNþalkñúgGaCÍBFanar:ab;rg Gacecj lixitFanar:ab;rg Edlpþl;B½t’manTaMgGs;EdlmanenAkñúgeKalneya)ayFanar:ab;rgmYy. KeRmbebIk pþl;[ GñknaMecjnUvkarFanar:ab;rgbnþCasV½yRbvtþi. vak¾GacCYysMécdl;GñknaMecjnUvkarcMNayeBlkñúgkarcat;Ecg edIm,ITTYl)ankic©karBarpgEdr enAerogral;elIkEdlKat;eFVIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij ehIyKat;EtgEtdwgGMBIéføcMNayelI karFanar:abrgCak;lak;. RbkarenHbgálkçN³gayRsYlsRmab;Kat;kñúgkarkMNt;éfølk;TMnijeRkayeBlRbKl;.

enAkñúgkic©snüa CIF GñknaMecjepJIlixitFanar:ab;rgeTA[GtifíCn. tamTmøab;Fmµta karFanar:ab;rg RtUvmantémøbrimaN 10° x<s;Cagtémø CIF énTMnij edIm,IbgáaréføcMNayEdlTak;TgnwgkarbþÚrTMnij karBnüa eBlbg;éfø .l. TMnijGac)anTTYlkarFanar:ab;rgsRmab;brimaNeRcInCagCak;Esþg ]TahrN_ edIm,Ibgáarkar

45 tamFmµta karFanar:ab;rg RtUvcat;EcgedayQµÜjkNþalkñúgGaCÍBFanar:ab;rg b¤ Rkumh‘unFanar:ab;rg.



99

xatbg;enAeBleRkaymk edaysarkarbg;Bn§elIkarnaMcUl sRmab;plitplEdlRtUv)at;bg;.

g kRmiténkarFanar:ab;rgenAkñúgkarTijkarFanar:ab;rg eKalbMNgKWTijkic©karBar[)aneRcIn EdlCaRbkarcaM)ac; b¤ CakarRbug

Rby½tñ edayRtUvcMNayTabbMputtamEtGaceFVIeTA)an. edIm,IeFVIEbbenH eKRtUvEtdwgfa etIGacFanar:ab;rgelI haniP½yGVIxøH nigedIm,ITTYl)ankRmitFanar:ab;rgEdlcaM)ac;. eKalneya)ayFanar:b;rgmYy kMNt;vísalPaBén karFanar:ab;rg eTAtamRbePTénkar)at;bg; b¤ xUcxat vísalPaBénkar)at;bg; b¤ xUcxat niglkçxNÐEdleRKaH fñak;EdlekIteLIg.

]TahrN_ karxUcxatedaysarTwksmuRT KWCahaniP½ycMbgmYy nigmankarr:ab;rgkñúgkRmitmYy enAkñúg eKalneya)ayFanar:ab;rgtamsmuRTTaMgGs;. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday eKalneya)ayxøHGacbg;éføsgkarxUc xatedaysarTwksmuRT EtkñúgkrNIEdlmankarxUcbg;TaMgRsug b¤ RbsinebInavaRtUveKOg lic eqH b¤ bukKña. eKalneya)ayepSgeTotGacmanlkçN³TUlayCag nigbg;éføsRmab;karxUcxatmYyEpñkedaysarTwksmuRT EdlbgáeLIg minRtwmEtedaysareRKaHfñak;EbbenHeT b:uEnþedaysarFatuGakasminl¥pgEdr ¬BüúH.l.¦.

CaTUeTA haniP½yCak;lak; b¤ eRKaHfñak; EdlmanEcgenAkñúgeKalneya)aymYy minmanEcgenAkñúgvakü x½NÐEtmYyenaHeT b:uEnþmanEcgenArat;raykñúgmaRtaxus²kña. enAkñúgkrNIénvtßúFatuedIm CYnkaleKalneya)ay minmanEcgeBjeljGMBIsMNgeLIy ehIykarTamTarRtUvedaHRsayRsbtamTmøab;CaTUeTAénBaNiC¢kmµ.

c lkçxNÐ {mFüm}kñúgkrNICaeRcIn kic©karBarenAeRkameKalneya)ayFanar:ab;rgdMeNIrtamsmuRT RtUv)ankMNt;eRkam

lkçxNÐ {mFüm} . Baküfa {mFüm} mann½yfa kar)at;bg;mYyEpñk EdlGacmann½ypgEdrfaCakar)at;bg; TaMgRsugnUvEpñkmYyénTMnijEdl)anTTYlkarFanar:ab;rg b¤ RKan;Etmann½yfa xUcxatTaMgGs; b¤mYyEpñkb:ueNÑaH.

kRmitmFümCak;lak; KWCakar)at;bg;mYyEpñk EdlekItmancMeBaHEpñkmYyénTMnij

kRmitmFümTUeTA Cakar)at;bg;Edlman\T§iBlmkelIplRbeyaCn_énTMnijTaMgGs;enAelInavaTaMgmUl. kRmitmFümTUeTA RtUv)an[niymn½yfaCa {karlHbg;mYyEpñk nigedayectnanUvnava TMnij b¤ plitpl Edl)aneFVIeLIgedIm,IbuBVehtuénsuvtßiPaBCarYm éndMeNIrpSgeRBgenAkñúgeBlmaneRKaHfñak; nig¼b¤ kar cMNayx<s;hYsFmµta sRmab;eKalbMNgenH}.

eKalKMnitTak;Tgnwg karTUTat;kRmitmFümTUeTA KWkarbMEbkkarxatbg;cMeBaHPaKIxøH eTAkñúgcMeNamPaKI

TaMgGs;enAkñúgdMeNIrrYmKñamYyenaH. ]TahrN_ ³ navamYysßitkñúgeRKaHfñak;rkkllicedaysarBüúHmYy ehIy



100

TMnijxøHRtUv)anecaleTAkñúgTwk edIm,Ise®gÁaHnavaenaH. kar)at;bg;edaysarmUlehtuenH RtUv)ancat;TukfaCa {kRmitmFümTUeTA}. témøTMnijEdl)at;bg;eTARtUvEbgEckkñúgcMeNamPaKIenAkñúgdMeNIrrYmKña eBalKW RKb;m©as; TMnijTaMgGs; nigm©as;nava. PaKInImYy²RtUvecjPaKcMENkmYysRmab;karxUcxat EdlrYmTaMgGñkEdlTMnijrbs; xøÜn minrgkar)at;bg; b¤ xUcxat.

Cajwkjab;eRKaHfñak;naM[mankar)at;bg;kRmitTUeTA nigkar)at;bg;kRmitmFümCak;lak;. ]TahrN_ GKÁI P½ymYyenAkñúgbnÞb;sþúkTMnij. buKÁliknavalt;ePøIgedayeRbIR)as;Twk. TMnijxøHenAkEnøgenaHRtUvxUcxatedaysar ePøIgpÞal;. enHCakar)at;bg;kRmitmFümCak;lak;. RbsinebIm©as;énTMnijEdlxUcxatmankarFanar:ab;rgTl;nwg eRKaHfñak;EbbenH BYkeKnwg)anTTYlkarTUTat;CasMNgcMeBaHkar)at;bg; edayRkumh‘unFanar:ab;rg. b:uEnþTMnijenA kñúgnavaRtg;kEnøgenaHk¾rgkarxUcxatedaysarTwkpgEdr EdleRbIR)as;sRmab;lt;ePøIg. enHCakar)at;bg;kRmit mFümTUeTA. ebIeTaHCam©as;TMnijEdlxUcxatenH)anTijkarFanar:abrgsRmab;karxUcxatEbbenHk¾eday BYkeK nwg)anTTYlsMNgsRmab;karxUcbg; tamry³víPaKTanBIm©as;TMnijepSgeTot nigBIm©as;nava.

q RbePTFanar:ab;rg

vísalPaBénkarFanar:ab;rg EdlGacTij)an manPaBxusKñay:ageRcIn. RbePTTaMgbIénkRmitFanar:ab;rg mandUcteTA³

FPA (putBIkRmitmFümCak;lak;) ³ enHCakRmitFanar:ab;rgGb,brma enAkñúgkareRbIR)as;CaTUeTA. vaRKbdNþb;kar)at;bg;EdlekItecjBIkar)at;bg;srubénnava b¤ ynþehaaH. kar)at;bg;xøH²nwgmin)an TTYlsMNgeLIy elIkElgEtmankRmittictYc nigenAkñúgkal³eTs³Cak;lak;nana. kar)at;bg;xøH² EdlmankarTUTat;sg niglkçxNÐénkRmitTUTat; manxusKña GaRs½yelITmøab;Gnuvtþrbs;Cati.

WPA (Tak;TgnwgkRmitmFümCak;lak;) ³ karFanar:ab;rgTl;nwgkarxUcxatcMeBaHTMnijenAkñúgeBjbBa¢Ún EdlminEmnCakarxUcxatcMeBaHnava. tamFmµta karxUcxatxøH² RtUv)anTUTat;sgCaPaKryénsiT§i Biess eBalKW karFanar:ab;rgTUTat;sgkar)at;bg;x<s;CagPaKryEdlmanEcgéntémøTMnijEdl)anFana r:ab;rg. kñúgn½yCak;Esþg WPA pþl;kic©karBarTl;nwgkarxUcxatedayTwksmuRT bNþalBI{FatuGakas GaRkk;}.

haniP½yTaMgGs;³ karFanar:ab;rgTl;nwghaniP½yPaKeRcIn elIkElgEtRbFanskþi elIkElgEtGñknaM ecj)ansMuCaBiess[mankardak;bBa©ÚlRbkarenHenAkñúgkarFanar:ab;rgenaH.

haniP½yCak;lak;bEnßmGacFanar:ab;rg tamry³karbEnßmeTAelImaRta FPA nig WPA . krNITaMg enaHrab;bBa©ÚlminRtwmEteRKaHfñak;tamsmuRTb:ueNÑaHeT bu:EnþhaniP½ynana dUcCakarxUcxatbNþalBI TMBk; eRbg TwkePøóg Twk)atnava b¤ Twksab karlYc karminRKb;cMnYn b¤ minmankarRbKl; ejIs karB:HBal;CamYyTMnijdéT



101

karelcFøay b¤ )ak;Ebk. maRtaCaeRcInRtUv)aneRbIR)as;edIm,IFanar:ab;rgTMnijxøH² Tl;nwghaniP½yBiess dUcCa karbegáItmaRtaGMBItémøbeNþaHGasnñsRmab;FBaØCati karbegáItmaRtaGMBIkarbþÚreRKOgm:asIun maRta Skimmings sRmab; kaehV nigkakav maRtaGMBIsøaksBaØaRmab;plitplkMb:ug.l.

karFanar:abrgsRmab;haniP½yTaMgGs; KWCaRbePTFanar:ab;rgTUlayCageKénsþg;darEdlman. b:uEnþebI eTaHCamaneQµaHEbbenHk¾eday vaminpþl;karFanar:ab;rgRKb;haniP½yenaHeLIy. vaminrab;bBa©ÚlkarFanar:ab;rg Tl;nwgkarxUcxatbNþalBIs®gÁam karvívaT )atukmµ .l. EdlCaeRKaHfñak;GacFanar:ab;rgenAeRkammaRtadac; edayELknana. elIsBIenH karFanar:ab;rgTl;nwghaniP½yTaMgGs; RKbdNþb;Etkar)at;bg; b¤karxUcxat rUbvnþ bNþalBImUlehtuxageRkAEtb:ueNÑaH.

edIm,IEsVgyl;GMBIlkçxNÐenH eKRtUvEtdwgfa enAkñúgkarFanar:ab;rg {haniP½y}mYy KWCaGVImYyEdlGac ekIteLIg b:uEnþ minEmnGVIEdlRtUvEtekIteLIgenaHeT. niyaym:üageTotfa vaCalT§PaBEdlGacekItmanCaeCaK vasna b¤ Ca]bTÞvehtumYy. {vaminEmnCaGVIEdlGaceCosvag)an} eT. enHmann½yfa karFanar:ab;rgtamsmuRT minRKbdNþb;RbePTénkarxUcxat EdlGacrMBwgfaekIteLIgenAeRkamlkçxNÐFmµtaeT edaysarlkçN³FmµCati énTMnijenaHpÞal; - {KuNvíbtþipÞal;}rbs;va.

]TahrN_ RbsinebIb½r ERbCaxa enAkñúgeBleFVIdMeNIr EdlminmankarrMxanedayeRKaHfñak;NamYy karxUc xatEbbenHnwgRtUvcat;TukfaCalT§plénKuNvíbtþipÞal;rbs;TMnij nigminmanEcgenAkñúgeKalneya)ayeLIy. ]TahrN_mYyepSgeTot ³ kar)ak;EbkénplitplkBa©k;Edlmin)anevcx©b;RtwmRtUv GacekIteLIgedaysarvíbtþi pÞal;rbs;va niyaym:üageTotfa vaCaktþaxagkñúg CagCaktþaxageRkA. sUm,IEtekHRtUv)anelIkdak;min)anTn;Pøn;k¾ eday. KuNvíbtþipÞal;sRmab;RsUv minRtUv)andak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgeKalneya)ayFanar:ab;rgenAkñúgmaRtahaniP½y TaMgGs;eLIy nigminRtUv)anrab;bBa©ÚlenAkñúgeKalneya)ayFanar:ab;rgeLIy ebIeTaHCamankarkt;sMKal; b¤Kµan k¾eday . karBnüaeBl KWCakarminrab;bBa©ÚlmYyepSgeTot EdltamFmµtaRtUv)anEcg b:uEnþvamann½ysRmab; RKb;eKalneya)ayenAkñúgRKb;krNI. enHmann½yfa kar)at;bg;bNþalBIkarBnüaeBlbBa¢ÚnTMnij dUcCa karCUr¼ p¥Úm b¤ karFøak;éføenAelITIpSar minmanFanar:ab;rgeLIy. enAkñúgkrNIplitplEdlgayxUcxat dUcCa sac; b¤ b½r eKGacEkERbeKalneya)ayedIm,IRKbdNþb;karxUcxatTaMgenHEdlbgáedaykarBnüaeBl b:uEnþsUm,IEtenAkrNI manEcgEbbenaHehIyk¾eday karBnüaeBltamFmµtaRtUvEtedaysarkarmin)andwgCamun eBalKW eRKaHfñak;.

eKalkarN_CaTUeTAKWfa GñknaMecjmYyKYrEtTijkarFanar:ab;rgsRmab;vísalPaBEdlmankarTTYlyk enAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµrbs;BYkKat;.



102

CMBUk18

karerobcMÉksar sRmab;karnaMecj

CMBUkenHBinitüemIlÉksarxøH²EdlcaM)ac;enAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµnaMecj. kñúgcMeNamÉksarEdlsMxan;CageK

bMput KWman ³ 1> ÉksardwkCBa¢Ún

2> GaCJab½NÑnaMecj

3> RbtievTn_Ky

4> lixitbBa¢ak;GMBIRbBPBedIm

5> lixitbBa¢ak;suxPaB nigGnam½y

6> lixitbBa¢ak;GFikarkic© 7> lixitbBa¢ak;GMBIkarRtYtBinitüKuNPaB

8> vikyb½RtBaNiC¢kmµ 9> taragTMnijEdl)anevcx©b; 10> víkyb½RtKy

11> víkyb½RtGKÁkugs‘ul

12> lixitbBa¢ak;karFanar:ab;rg.

ÉksabIxagelI ¬1 dl; 3¦ CaÉksarcMa)ac;bMputTaMgenAkñúgRbeTsnMaecj nigRbeTsnaMcUl. Éksar cMnYnbYnbnÞab; ¬4 dl; 7¦ RtUvkarCaBiess sRmab;GaCJaFrsaFarN³enAkñúgRbeTsnaMcUl b:uEnþRtUvEterobcMeLIg enAeRkamEbbbTpøÚvkar b¤ Bak;kNþalpøÚvkarenAkñúgRbeTsnaMecj. ÉksarcMnYnR)aMcugeRkay ¬8 dl; 12¦ KWCab¤ mYyÉksarBaNiC¢kmµ b¤ víkyb½Rt EdlkñúgenaHÉksarxøHRtUvmankarcuHbBa¢ak;edayGKÁkugs‘ulénRbeTsnaMcUl. minEmnRKb;ÉksarTaMgGs;suT§EtRtUvkarenAkñúgRbeTsnaMcUl b¤sRmab;RKb;TMnijenaHeT. GñkKYrEtrk[eXIjfa ÉksarNaxøHRtUvkar[manCacaM)ac;enAkñúgkrNInImYy².

k ÉksardwkCBa¢Ún



103

edIm,IdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijEdlRtUvnaMecjeTAeKaledA GñknaMecjRtUvEterobcMkic©snüadwkCBa¢ÚnCamYyRkumh‘un dwkCBa¢Ún. ÉksarenHnwgkøayCaPsþútagenAkñúgkardwkCBa¢Ún.

b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij(B/L) KWCaÉksardwkCBa¢ÚnbEnßmsRmab;dwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijtammhasmuRT. vamannaTICa kic©snüamYyrvagGñknaMecj nigRkumh‘undwkCBa¢Úntamnava nigRKbdNþb;kardwkCBaÚ¢nTMnijBIkMBg;EppÞúk eTAkMBg;Ep epÞr. vak¾mannaTICavikyb½RtsRmab;TMnij nigsRmab;karRbKl;siT§ielITMnij dl;m©as;rbs;vapgEdr. eKehApg EdrfaCa lixitcrcasRmab;karepÞrTMnij. ÉksarenHRtUvepJIeTAGñknaMcUl edIm,I[eKGacmkTTYlTMnijEdlRtUv RbKl;. edaysarb½NÑ B/L tMNag[témøTMnij vaCaTmøab;kñúgkarecjc,ab;edImeRcInCagmYy ¬tamFmµtabIc,ab;¦ edIm,IFanafa y:agehacNas;lixitenHmYyc,ab; RtUv)anbBa¢Únmkdl;eKaledA. lixitc,ab;edImnImYy²Gaccrca )an b:uEnþ ÉksardéTeTotRtUvcat;TukCaemaX³ enAeBl)anRbKl;CUnmYyrYcehIy. edaysarkMeNInTMnukcitþ)an énesvaéRbsNI haniP½yénkar)at;Éksarc,ab;edImRtUv)ankat;bnßy ehIysBVéf¶enHeKelIkesñIfa[mankarecj c,ab;edImEtmYy. 46 GtßRbeyaCn_cMbgénÉksarepJITMnijtamsmuRTsßitenARtg;fa vabM)at;karBwgEp¥kelIb½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij EdlRtUvEtbgðajCUn edIm,ITTYl)anTMnij EdlenHCalkçxNÐEdleRcInEtnaM[mankarBnüaeBl nigbBaðadéTeTot enAeKaledA. tamry³ÉksarepJITMnijtamsmuRT Rkumh‘undwkCBa¢ÚnRbKl;TMnijeTAPaKICaGñkTTYl.

enAeRkamEbbbT B/L enAeBlEdlTMnijRtUv)anpÞúkenAelInavarYcehIy Rkumh‘undwkCBa¢ÚneFVIkarepÞógpÞat; esckþIlMGitenAelI B/L cuHhtßelxaelIÉksarenH nigRbKl;eTA[GñkdwkCBa¢Ún¼GñknaMecj. GñknaMecjRtUvEt cat;EcgbBa¢Únc,ab;edImén B/L eTAGtifíCnrbs;xøÜn b¤mYytamry³éRbsNI b¤tamry³FnaKarEdlBak;B½n§ Rbsin ebIBak;B½n§nwg\NTanÉksar b¤ karTarbMNul. esckþIlMGitRtUvmanEcgenAkñúg\NTanÉksar ¬lixit\NTan¦ ehIyGñknaMecjRtUvEtFanafa ÉksarEbbenaHRtUv)aneFVIeLIg)ansmRsb.

GtifíCnRtUvEtRbKl;c,ab;edIménb½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijeTAPñak;gardwkCBa¢ÚnEdlGacTUTat;)an. RbsinebIÉk sardwkCBa¢ÚnminEmnCaÉksarepJITMnijtamsmuRTEdlGacTUTat;)aneTenaH RbsinebIGtifíCnGac bgðajGtþsBaØa NfaxøÜnKat;KWCaGñkRtUvTTYl enaHCakarRKb;RKan;. bnÞab;mk Pñak;gardwkCBa¢ÚnnwgecjÉksarmYy EdlbBa¢ak;GMBI XøaMg b¤ kEnøgEdlrkSaTukTMnij. enAeBlbgðajCUnÉksarbBa¢ak;BIkarRbKl;ehIy TMnijnwgRtUvRbKl; ¬GaRs½y elIkarGnuBaØatBIGaCJaFrenAkMBg;EpTak;TgnwgBn§Ky eRkay)anbg;éføesvakmµenAkMBg;EprYcehIy.l.¦. Rbsin ebIGtifíCnmin)anTTYlb½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijEdlGacTUTat;)anTan;eBleTenaH Kat;nwgminGacTTYlykTMnijeLIy ehIybBaðaxagpøÚvc,ab; nigbBaðadéTeTotmYycMnYnGacnwgekIteLIg EdlnaM[mankarecjlixitFanasg nigEdl

46 tRmUvkar[manb½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijEdlGacTUTat;)an minsUvCamanPaBcaM)ac;dUckalBIsm½ykalnavaeRbIekþagenaHeLIy. enAsm½yenaH Cajwkjab; TMnijRtUveKlk; enAkñúgdMeNIrry³eBlEvgtamsmuRT ehIykareFVIEbbenHeTA)an tamry³karepÞrsiT§ielIb½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijeTAm©as;fµÍsRmab;TMnijenaH. elIkElgEtTMnijxøH² dUcCa eRbg nigEr:Edk RbtibtþikarEbbenHkRmmaneFVIeLIgNas;enAkñúgsm½yenH ehIysBVéf¶enHmankaresñIfa b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij EdlminGacTUTat;)an KYrykmkeRbIR)as;enAeBlGaceFVIBI)an. eQµaHEdl)anÉkPaBsRmab;ÉksarEbbenH KWenAelIÉksarepJITMnijtamsmuRT ebIeTaH CaCYnkalRtUv)anehAfa ÉksarepJITMnijtamRkumh‘undwkCBa¢ÚntamsmuRT b¤ ÉksarepJITMnijtamsmuRT k¾eday.



104

naM[mankarxatbg;bEnßm dUcCa karykkéRmbNþalBIkaryWty:av. tamry³b½NÑdwkCBaÚ¢nTMnij bBaðaEbbenH GacbeBa¢ós)an.

]TahrN_ ³ GñknaMecj)anbBa¢ÚnTMnijrbs;xøÜnecjehIy b:uEnþ)anePøcepJIb½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijeTAGtifiCn rbs;xøÜn. edayBMumanÉksarenH GtifíCnminGacTTYlTMnijenAkMBg;EpepÞrTMnij)aneLIy ehIyTMnijnwgRtUvrkSa TukenAkMBg;EprhUtdl;b½NÑdwkCBaÚ¢nTMnij)anmkdl;. GtifíCnbBa¢ÚnbnÞúkénéførkSaTukeTAGñknaMecj edayGH Gagfa vaCakMhusrbs;GñknaMecj EdlnaM[mankarcMNaybEnßmenH. Kat;bþwgGñknaMecjGMBIéføcMNaysRmab;kar rkSaTuk nigRtUvEtQñHkþIenH.

RbsinebITMnijRtUvdwkCBa¢ÚntamynþehaH ÉksarepJITMnijtamGakas KWCaÉksarEdlmankarTTYlsÁal; CaGnþrCati smmUlnwgÉksarepJITMnijtamsmuRTEdr. enAkñúgÉksarepJITMnijtamGakasBMumanbBa¢ak;BIm©as;TMnij eT dUecñHÉksarepJITMnijtamGakasminbgáCabBaða EdlCajwkjab;Tak;Tgnwgb½NÑbBa©ÚnTMnijenaHeLIy. Éksar epJITMnijtamGakas RtUv)anecjedaykariyal½ydwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas EdlecjlixitbBa¢aRbKl;TMnij. EbbbTmanlkçN³dUcKñanwgkrNIdwkCBa¢ÚntamsmuRTEdr. sRmab;kardwkCBa¢ÚntampøÚveKak eKeRbIR)as;lixit bBa¢ÚnTMnijCaGnþrCatitampøÚvEdk b¤ lixitbBa¢ÚnTMnijtampøÚvfñl;. ÉksarTaMgenHmannaTIRsedogKñanwgÉksar epJITMnijtamGakas nigtamsmuRTpgEdr.

ÉksardwkCBaÚ¢ntamTRmg;kan;EteRcIn RtUv)anykmkeRbIR)as;. ÉksarTaMgenH EdlecjenAeRkambT b,BaØtþiGnþrCatitamTRmg;xus²Kña begáItCakic©snüamYy sRmab;kardwkCBa¢ÚntammeFüa)ayxus²Kña dUecñHGac beBa¢óstRmUvkar[begáItÉksardwkCBaÚ¢nfµÍsRmab;kardwkCBaÚ¢ntamTRmg;xus²Kña.

x GaCJab½NÑnaMecj enHCaÉksardMbUg GñknaMecjRtUvEtedaHRsay[)an. kñúgkrNIEdlGaCaJb½NÑnaMecjKWCalkçxNÐcaM)ac;

tamFmµta ehtuplKW muxTMnijxøH²EdlmanedaykRm eBalKW vtßúFatuedIm nigplitplCamðÚbGaharsMxan;² tRmUvkaredIm,IRtYtBinitükarnaMecjnUvGavuF nigTMnijEpñkeyaFaepSgeTot karRBYy)armÖxagsnþisuxCati kic©kar BarebtikPNÐCati¬vtßúsil,³ vtßúburaN.l.¦. GaCJab½NÑsRmab;karnaMecj eRcInEtRtUv)aneRbIR)as;CameFüa)ay sRmab;GnuvtþeKalneya)ayBaNiC¢kmµ dUcCa kardak;TNÐkmµesdækic©RbqaMgnwgRbeTsNamYy.

K RbtievTn_Ky enAkñúgRKb;RbeTs eKTamTar[GñknaMecjbMeBjelIRbtievTn_Ky edIm,IbBa¢ak;PaBRsbc,ab;énTMnij

sRmab;karnaMecjBIRbeTsxøÜn. ÉksarTaMgenHRtUvbgðajenAkEnøgnaMecj nigkñúgRbeTsEdlmintRmUv[bg;Bn§. muxnaTIcMbgénRbtievTn_enH KWedIm,Ikt;RtacMnYnRbtibtþikarnaMecjsRmab;Rsg;yksßiti.



105

X lixitbBa¢ak;GMBIRbPBedIm 47

ÉksarenHpþl;Psþútagdl;RbeTsnaMcUlfa plitplmkBIRbeTsmYy EdlmansiT§iTTYlkarGnueRKaHenA eRkamkarcat;EcgxøH² dUcCa RbB½n§GnueRKaHTUeTA(GSP) . vak¾RtUvkarCacaM)ac;pgEdr edIm,IbBa¢ak;fa TMnijTaMg enaH minmanRbPBmkBIRbeTs EdlRbeTsnaMcUl)anGnuvtþTNÐkmµ b¤ karhamXat;déTeTotxagBaNiC¢kmµ. lixitBiessbBa¢ak;GMBIRbPBedIm GacRtUvkarCacaM)ac; enAkñúgkarGnuvtþkUta dUcCa sRmab;vaynPNÐ. CaTUeTA lixitbBa¢ak;GMBIRbPBedIm manEcgenAkñúg\NTanÉksar. tamFmµtalixitenHecjedaym®nþIpøÚvkar dUcCa Pñak;garKy RksYgBaNiC¢kmµ b¤ sPaBaNiC¢kmµ.

g lixitbBa¢ak;suxPaB nigGnam½ylixitbBa¢ak;TaMgenHeRcInEtRtUvkarCacaM)ac;enAkñúgRbeTsnaMcUl CalkçxNÐsRmab;TTYlykstV nigplit

plBIstV nigrukçCati nigplitplBIrukçCati. lixitbBa¢ak;bsueBTü Gnam½y nigPUtKamGanam½y RtUv)anecjeday GaCJaFrmansmtßkic©enAkñúgRbeTsnaMecj. GaCJaFrTaMgenaHGHGagfa plitplTaMgenaHBMumanCm¶W b¤ stVcéRg eLIy edayBYkeK)aneFVIRbRBwtþikmµsMGatedayFUbTkmµ.l. enAkñúgkrNIplitplCacMNIGahar lixitbBa¢ak;enH GacEcgfa plitplenHRsbtamsþg;darGnam½yEdl)ankMNt;.

c lixitbBa¢ak;GFikarkic©enAkñúgRbeTsxøH GtifíCn b¤ GaCJaFr TamTar[manlixitbBa¢ak;GFikarkic© EdlecjmunnwgTMnijRtUv)an

bBa¢ÚnBIRbeTsnaMecj ¬{GFikarkic©muneBlbBa¢ÚnTMnij}¦ ¬{r)aykarN_bBa¢ak;PaBs¥ats¥M}¦. eKalbMNgénÉk sarenHKWkarFanafa TMnijEdlRtUvbBa¢Ún RsbtamGVIEdl)anbBa¢aTij Bak;B½n§nwg brimaN k¾dUcCa témø nig KuNPaB. GñknaMecjRtUvEtTTYlkic©RBmeRBogCamunGMBIGtifíCnrbs;xøÜn GMBIGñkNaGnuvtþGFikarkic© ¬Cajwkjab; KWCakarbBa¢ak;GMBIRkumh‘unRtYtBinitü¦ nigGñkNabg;éføsRmab;RbtibtþikarenH.

q lixitbBa¢ak;karRtYtBinitüKuNPaBlixitenHbBa¢ak;fa plitplenaHRsbKñaeTAnwgsþg;darbec©keTsCak;lak;. tamFmµta karecjlixitenH

eFVIeLIgedayGgÁPaBbmaNIykmµCati b¤ edayplitkrEdlBak;B½n§. 47 enAkñúgkrNIxøH eKk¾GacTTYlyklixitFanaGHGagedayGñknaMecjGMBIRbPBedIménTMnijenaHpgEdr dUcCa lixitFanaGHGagmYy EdlCYnkalRtUv )andak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgvíkyb½RtBaNiC¢kmµ. TRmg;epSgeTotmYyénlixitlixitFanaGHGagenH KW lixitGHGagrbs;GñknaMecjEdlbBa¢ak;edayGgÁPaB mansmtßkic©.



106

C vikyb½RtBaNiC¢kmµÉksarenHRtUv)aneRbIR)as;CasMxan;edIm,ITamTarmkvíjnUvR)ak;Edl)anbg; sRmab;TMnijEdl)anRbKl;.

vak¾pþl;pgEdrCamUldæansRmab;karvaytémøTMnijsRmab;eKalbMNgénkarKNnaBn§EdlKitCaPaKryénTMnij. CaTUeTA GñknaMecjGaceRbIR)as;TRmg;víkyb½Rtrbs;xøÜn b:uEnþmatikaenAkñúgenaHRtUvEtRsbtamlkçxNÐkMNt;eday GgÁPaBKyenAkñúgRbeTsnaMecj. lkçxNÐénkarRbKl; (CIF, FOB,.l.¦ RtUvEtmanEcg ehIybrimaN TMnijk¾RtUvEtbBa¢ak;[)anc,as; EdlbgðajBIéføénkarevcx©b; éføelIesvakmµbBa¢Ún karFanar:ab;rg nigéfødéTeTot k¾dUcCa éføTMnijpgEdr. karkat;bnßy dUcCa brimaNTUTat;sgvíj nigkarbBa©úHéfø k¾RtUvbBa¢ak;pgEdr.

RbeTsxøHmanEcgesckþIbBa¢ak;mYyQut EdlRtUvcuHhtßelxaedayGñknaMecj CaBiess edIm,IbBa¢ak;fa víkyb½RtenaHBitR)akd nigRtwmRtUv EdlKµankarecjvíkyb½RtepSgeTot ehIytYelxbgðajenAkñúgvíkyb½RtenaH KWCatémøsBVéf¶énTMnijenAelITIpSar. karsresrCalkçN³sþg;darnUvkarRbkasenaHRtUv)anesñIeLIgedayPaKIkar garsþIBIkarsRmYlEbbbTBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCatiénKNkmµkaresdækic©GWr:ub eRkamkic©shkarCamYy GATT48 nig RkumRbwkSashRbtibtþikarKy. GtßbTenaHmandUcteTA "´sUmbBa¢ak;fa víkyb½RtenHbgðajéføBitR)akdénTMnij EdlmanbBa¢ak; ehIyKµanvíkyb½RtepSgEdl)anecj b¤ nwgRtUvecj ehIyral;cMNuclMGitmanPaBBitR)akd nig RtwmRtUv}.

Q taragTMnijEdl)anevcx©b; RbsinebITMnijenHpSMedaykBa©b;tUc²CaeRcInEdlmanmuxTMnijxusKña nigTm¶n;xusKña eKGaceFVIesckþIGFi b,ay GMBIkBa©b;nImYy²TaMgenaHenAkñúgvíkyb½RtenaH. enAkñúgkrNIEbbenH eKGacRtUverobcMCataragdac;eday ELkmYy EdlbBa¢ak;GMBIRbePTTMnij Tm¶n; nigvímaRténkBa©b;nImYy² ¬b¤RkuménkBa©b;dUc²Kña¦. eKalbMNgén taragTMnijEdl)anevcx©b;enH KWeFVI[manPaBgayRsYlsRmab;GñkTTYlbeBaØI kñúgkareFVIGtþsBaØaNkBa©b; nig sRmab;Pñak;garKy nigGaCJaFrepSgeTot eFVIGFikarkic©kBa©b;nana b¤edayécdnü b¤mYyedayeRCIs.

j vikyb½RtKy enAkñúgRbeTsxøH CaBiesskñúgshB½n§rdæcMNuHGtItcRkPBGg;eKøs GaCJaFrKytRmUv[mankarerobcM víkyb½Rt tamTRmg;BiessmYy EdlehAfa víkyb½RtKy. víkyb½RtTaMgenHeRcInEtbUkpSMCamYy {lixibBa¢ak; témø} Edlmane)aHBum<enAelIépÞxagxñg EdlenAelIenaHGñknaMecjGHGagGMBItémøenAelIvíkyb½Rt nigEcgbBa¢ak;

48 GgÁkarEdlbc©úb,nñenH)anvívtþeTACa WTO.



107

fa BMumanRbkarBMuTan;edaHRsayrvagKat; nigGñknaMcUleLIy. ¬kardak;[eRbIR)as;nUvGVIEdlehAfa “témø GATT49” GaclubbM)at;tRmUvkar[manvíkyb½RtKy.

d lixitGKÁkugs‘ul RbeTsmYycMnYn ¬enAGaemrikLaTIn¦ enAEttRmUv[manlixitGKÁkugs‘ul. lixitTaMgenHeRcInEtxusBI sþg;darGnþrCatielITMhMRkdas nigTRmg;rcnabf. BYkeKtRmUv[manesckþIlMGitGMBITMnij nigTamTar[man karbBa¢ak;sBaØa nigcMnYn Tm¶n; témøTMnij nigRbPBedImrbs;TMnij nigkarRbkasGMBIsuRkwtüPaBénvikyb½Rt. Cajwkjab; lixitenHe)aHBum<enAelIRkdasCaPasaCatiénRbeTsnaMcUl nigRtUvEtsresrbMeBjCaPasaenaH. CYn kal manEtkarsresrCaTRmg;edImEdlGacTTYlyk)an ehIykarsresrenaHminRtUv[mankMhuseT.

tamFmµta TRmg;lixitGKÁkugs‘ulRtUvEtTijBItMNagGKÁkugs‘ulénRbeTsnaMcUl ¬CYnkal eKGacrk)an tamry³Pñak;gareXasnasRmab;karnaMecj¦. enAeBlbMeBjrYc GKÁkugs‘ulbBa¢ak;edIm,I[eTACaÉksarpøÚvkar. ÉksarepSgeTot dUcCa víkyb½RtBaNiC¢kmµ tamFmµta RtUvEtbgðajCUneTAGKÁkugs‘ulenAkñúgeBleFVIlixitGKÁ kugs‘ul.

PaBxusKñaénRbB½n§enH KWkareFVI[manlkçN³pøÚvc,ab;énvíkyb½RtBaNiC¢kmµ. eKminTamTar[manlixit BIGKÁkugs‘uleT b:uEnþvíkyb½RtBaNiC¢kmµRtUvEtbgðajCUn nigeFVI[manlkçN³c,ab; ¬epÞógpÞat;¦ edayGKÁkugs‘ul. Cajwkjab; eKRtUvbg;kéRmsRmab;karbBa¢ak; b¤ epÞógpÞat; elIvíkyb½RtBaNiC¢kmµ b¤elIlixitGKÁkugs‘ul. kéRm enHxusKñaCaxøaMg b:uEnþtamFmµtamankRmitx<s;CabgÁÜr. RbeTsxøHykkéRmenHtamGRtakMNt;kñúgmYyQutén Éksar cMENkkñúgkrNIxøHeTot kéRmenHRtUv)ankMNt;eTAtamPaKryéntémøTMnij. tamFmµta karbg;éføenHeTA tMNagGKÁkugs‘ul enAeBlEdlÉksarenHRtUv)anbBa¢ak;rYc m:üagvíjeTot kéRmenHk¾GacykBIGñknaMcUlenAÉ kMBg;EpnaMcUlpgEdr.

lixitGKÁkugs‘ul KWCabnÞúkEdlnaM[mankarraMgsÞHbMput niglM)akTTYl)anbMput kñúgcMeNamÉksarnana nigRtUvEterobcMedayRbugRby½tñbMput. Gnusasn_GnþrCatiCaeRcIn)anGMBavnav[mankarlubecal lkçxNÐecj lixitGKÁkugs‘ul nigEbbbTepSgeToténGKÁkugs‘ul.

z lixitFanar:ab;rg

lixitFanr:ab;rgmYy b¤ eKalneya)ayFanar:ab;rgmYy pþl;CaPsþútagfa TMnijRtUv)anTTYlkarFanar:ab; rg Tl;nwgkar)at;bg; b¤ xUcxatenAkñúgGMLúgeBldwkCBa¢Ún. RbsinebIkic©RBmeRBogTamTar[GñknaMecjcat;Ecg[ mankarFanar:ab;rg karcat;Ecg\NTanÉksar RtUvEtEcgGMBIlixitFanar:ab;rg faCalkçxNÐmYysRmab;karTUTat; 49 Ibid.



108

Ca\NTan. lixitFanar:ab;rgenH k¾nwgRtUvkarCacaM)ac;pgEdrsRmab;karTamTarenAkñúgkrNImaneRKaHfñak; b¤ kar )at;bg;.



DRAFT 11/28/2004

CMBUk19

kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij

k esckþIepþIm TMnijsRmab;karnaMecj GacbBa¢Ún ¬tampøÚveKak pøÚvEdk b¤tamsmuRT¦ b¤ tampøÚvGakas. tamTsSn³

énRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ nigRbeTsGPivDÆn_tictYc rhUtmkTl;eBlenH víFIEdlmansar³sMxan;CageK KWtampøÚv smuRT edaykardwkCBa¢ÚntamGakas KWCaCeRmIsmþgmáalEtb:ueNÑaH. kardwkCBa¢ÚntamsmuRTRtUv)aneRbIR)as;TUlM TUlayCageK sRmab;kardwkCBaÚ¢nenAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati. vaenAEtmanPaBTak;Taj edaysaréføcMNayTab sRmab;kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijkñúgbrimaNeRcIn enAelIpøÚvq¶ay.

muneBlEdlTMnijGacRtUvbBa¢Úntam b¤mYysmuRT b¤mYytampøÚvGakas GñknaMecj b¤ Pñak;garbBa¢ÚnTMnij rbs;Kat;RtUvEt ³

dwgGMBIGRtaéføbBa¢Ún

eRCIserIsRkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún nignavaCak;lak; cuHbBa¢IedIm,Ikk;kEnøgsRmab;dak;TMnij

cuHbBa¢ITMnijenAelIkMNt;Rta énkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij nigepJIkMNt;RtaenaHeTARkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún

cuHesckþIlMGitenAelITRmg;ÉksarKy nigbBa¢ÚneTAPñak;garKy

cat;Ecg[mankarevcx©b;RKb;RKan; EdlrYmTaMgkardak;sBaØasMKal;GMBIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij

TTYllixitbBa¢ak;BIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijBIRkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún

epJITMnijeTAkMBg;EpCamYylixitkMNt;sMKal;GMBIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij

TTYlb½NÑbBa¢ÚnTMnij b¤ ÉksarepJITMnijtamsmuRT BIRkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún

bg;éfødwkCBaÚ¢n

cuHkarbBa¢ak;elIb½NÑbBa¢ÚnTMnij nigÉksarepJITMnijtamsmuRT nigepJImYyc,ab;eTARkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún nig eTAGtifíCn b¤ eTAFnaKar EdledIrtYCaGnþrkarI.

x Pñak;gardwkCBa¢Ún nig Pñak;garbBa¢ÚnTMnij



110

enAkñúgkarGnuvtþCak;Esþg manEtGñknaMecjFMCageK EdlmanbuKÁlik nigFnFandéTeTotsRmab;cat;Ecg elIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijpÞal;xøÜn. GñknaMecjtUc²emIleXIjfa kareRbIR)as;esvakmµrbs;Pñak;gardwkTMnij nigbBa¢Ún TMnij b¤ GñkbBa¢ÚnTMnij manlkçN³gayRsYlCag . GñkbBa¢ÚnTMnij KWCaGñkCMnajkarelIéfødwkCBa¢Ún nigelI vtþman niglkçN³smRsbénTRmg;xus²KñaénkardwkCBa¢ÚneTATIpSarxusKña. BYKeKcuHbBa¢Ikk;kEnøgsRmab;dwk CBa¢Ún cat;EcgÉksarcaM)ac;nana nigkñúgkrNICaeRcIn BYkeKRbmUlTMnijBIeragcRk nigdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijTaMgenaHeTA EpEdl)anÉkPaB RBlanynþehaH sßanIy_rfePøIg b¤ cMNucTTYlTMnijenAelIpøÚvfñl;. Pñak;gardwkCBa¢Ún nigbBa¢Ún TMnij k¾dUcCacat;Ecgkic©karTak;TgnwgkarCRmHbBa¢ICamYyPñak;garKy nigTRmg;EbbbTdéTeTotpgEdr. BYkeK cat;Ecgkarbg;éføelIesvakmµbBa¢ÚnTMnij nigkarFanar:ab;rg RbsinebIcaM)ac; nigcat;EcgelIkarRbmUlÉksar caM)ac;. BYkeKk¾CYy{dak;bBa©ÚlKña} b¤ cat;cUlkñúgRkumCamYyKñanUvTMnijbBa¢ÚnmYycMnYn edIm,IeFVI[kardwkCBa¢Ún cMNaytic.

K RbePTénkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij 1> TMnijbBa¢ÚntamsmuRT

karbg;R)ak;eTAtamGRtaénkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij sRmab;TMnijEdlbBa¢ÚntamsmuRT GaRs½yeTAtamRbePTxøH² énkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij. manRbePTxusKñabYny:agénkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij50

1>1 Rkumh‘unnavakñúgkic©RBmeRBog ³ enHCanavaEdlRbtibtþikaredayRkumh‘unmYyEdlCasmaCíkénsnñisIT mYysþIBIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij. enHCaRkummYyénRkumh‘unbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamnava. BYKeKbegáItGRtarYmKñasRmab; esvakmµbBa¢ÚnTMnij EdlmankmµvíFIénkarecjdMeNIreTogTat; niglkçxNÐrYmKñaénkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij. BYkeKpþl;esvakmµbBa¢ÚnTMnijCaGnþrCatisRmab;bBa¢ÚnTMnijenAtampøÚvCak;lak;.

1>2 Rkumh‘unnavaminsßiteRkamkic©RBmeRBog ³ enHCanavananaEdlRbtibtþikaredayRkumh‘undwkCBaÚ¢nnana EdlminEmnCasmaCíkénsnñisITnana b:uEnþpþl;esvakmµtamkalvíPaKkMNt;. BYkeKkMNt; edayxøÜnÉg nUvGRtakéRmesvakmµbBa¢ÚnTMnij.

1>3 Rkumh‘unnavaRKb;TisTI ³ navaTaMgenHminRbtibtþikartampøÚveTogTat;enaHeT b:uEnþeFVIdMeNIreTAtam nigenA eBlmanvtþmanTMnij.

1>4 navaCYl ³ eKGacCYlnavaTaMgenH edIm,IdwkCBa¢ÚnplitplsRmab;eKalbMNgCak;lak; b¤ tameBlevla Cak;lak;. tamFmµta eKeRbIR)as;navaEbbenHsRmab;karbBa¢aTMnijkñúgbrimaNeRcIn.

50 kñúgcMeNamkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamvíFIenH víFIEdlmaneRbIR)as;jwkjab;CageK KWRkumh‘unnavakñúgkic©RBmeRBog EdleFVIdMeNIrCaeTogTat; nigpþl;GRtacuH éføCaBiessdl;GñknaMecj EdleRbIR)as;esvakmµrbs;BYkeKCaeTogTat;. GñknaMecj b¤ Rkumh‘unbBa¢ÚnTMnijrbs;BYkeK GaceFVIkarcat;EcgBiessCamYy Rkumh‘unkñúgkic©RBmeRBog.



111

Rkumh‘undwkCBa¢ÚntamsmuRTGacykkéRmesva b¤mYytamTm¶n; b¤mYytamrgVas; EdlmYyNaFMCag. kñúgkrNITMnijCavtßúmantémøx<s; dUcCa eramstV Rkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún GacTarykkéRmtamGRtaPaKryelItémøTMnij CabEnßm. kéRmGb,brmak¾GackMNt;ykpgEdr sRmab;TMnijEdlmanbrimaNticeBk enAkñúgkarcat;Ecgeday Rkumh‘un RbsinebIRtUvGnuvtþtambrimaN b¤ Tm¶n;.

GRtaéføesvakmµbBa¢ÚnTMnijGacekIneLIgpgEdr tamry³kéRmbEnßmenAkñúgsßanPaBBiess dUcCa karrM eCÍbrMCYl b¤ eRKaHmhnþrayenAmUldæan b¤ tRmUvkar[mankareFVIdMeNIrelIpøÚvEvgCagFmµta dUcCa enAeBlEdl ERBkCÍks‘ueG RtUvbiT. kéRmbEnßmk¾nwgRtUvykpgEdr enAeRkaymanGtiprNaxøaMgkøaénrUbiyb½NÑ. karykkéRm bEnßm k¾GacGnuvtþpgEdr kñúgkrNImankarkksÞHedaysarTMnijeRcIneBk nigGacmanrhUtdl; 75°.

2> karbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas karbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas manGtßRbeyaCn_CaeRcIn eFobnwgmeFüa)aydwkCBa¢ÚnepSgeTot nigkMBugman

kareRbIR)as;kan;EteRcIneLIg. CaTUeTA karbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas manlkçN³smRsbbMputsRmab;TMnijEdl mantémøx<s;kñúgmYyÉktþa b:uEnþk¾KµanbTbBa¢atwgrwug nigqab;rh½senaHEdr. GtßRbeyaCn_c,as;las;CageKénkar bBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas KW el,ÓnénkarRbKl;TMnij.

sRmab;vtßúCaeRcInmkBIRbPBedImenAq¶ay dUcCa páa nigEpøeQIRss;² karbBa¢ÚntampøÚvGakasKW CavíFI dwkCBa¢ÚnEtmYyKt;EdlsmRsbCageK. kardwkCBaÚ¢ntamGakasmansar³sMxan;Nas;sRmab;TMnijm:Ud Edlman GayukalxøIsRmab;lk; b¤ sRmab;TMnijlk;tamrdUv.

karbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas k¾kat;bnßyéføcMNayelIkarrkSaTukpgEdr edaysarvaGaceFVI[BYkeKrkSa )anbrimaNTMnijticenAelITIpSarnaMecj. karsMécelIéføcMNayk¾)anmkBIvíFIenHpgEdr.

karbBa¢ÚnTMnijmansnþisuxx<s;Cag

bnÞúkénkarcat;EcgbBa¢ÚnmankRmitTabCag éføcMNayTabsRmab;karFanar:ab;rg.

haniP½yBIecarkmµ nigBIkarxUcxat mankRmitTabCagy:ageRcIn buBVlaPelIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas tamFmµtamankRmitTabCagsRmab;kardwkCBa¢ÚntamsmuRT. lkçxNÐénbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakasEdlTamTar[ manbnÞúkkRmitTabCagelIkarevcx©b; k¾GacCacMNucxøaMgpgEdr enAkñúgRbeTsnana EdlkarykBn§Ky RtUvEp¥k elITm¶n;srubénTMnij. EbbbTsRmab;karbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamsmuRT RtUv)anbegáIteLIgCaeRcInstvtSr_mkehIy dUecñH manlkçN³saMjaMu. EbbbTsRmab;karbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas manlkçN³fµÍ niggayCag. dUcKñaenHEdr karbMeBjEbbbT GacRtUvcMNayeBleRcInsRmab;GñknaMecj ehIyKat;GacseRmceRbIR)as;esvakmµBIPñak;gar bBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas.



112

2>1 GRtakéRmbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas

GRtaesvakmµbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas manPaBxusKñaeRcInCagGRtabBa¢ÚnTMnijtamsmuRT b:uEnþtamFmµta mUldæansRmab;karKNnaKW éføkñúgmYyKILÚRkam ¬b¤ 427 GIujKUb¦ edaymankarykéføkñúgkRmitGb,brma. edaysarkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijEdlmanTMhMFMtamGakasmankarlM)ak GRtasRmab;vtßúRsal² b:uEnþCaTMnijcMnYn eRcIn k¾RtUv)ankMNt;eTAtamTMhMpgEdr CagtamTm¶n;.51 RbkarenHeRcInRtUv)anGnuvtþ enAeBlEdlKILÚRkam énTMnijmanmaDFMCag 6 edsIuEm:RtKUb. kñúgcMeNaméfødéTeTot mandUcteTA ³

2>1>1 éføRBlansRmab;karBinitüedayPñak;garKy

2>2>2 karEbgEckeTAtamRbePT karTTYl nigkarRbKl;TMnij

2>1>3 kéRmsRmab;karepÞrenARBlanynþehaH nig

2>1>4 Bn§elIkarehaHehIrsRmab;rdæxøH². 2>2 ÉksarepJITMnijtamGakas

ÉksarsRmab;karbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakasmanlkçN³gayCagy:ageRcIn ebIeRbobeFobnwgkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijtam smuRT. RbsinebInaMecjtamGakas tamFmµta GñknaMecjcab;epþImedaybMeBjTRmg;ÉksarbBa¢ÚnTMnij tam Gakas nig¼b¤ lixitENnaM sRmab;Rkumh‘unGakascrN_. TRmg;ÉksarenHpþl;esckþIlMGitsMxan;²GMBI TMnij eQµaHGtifíCn nigGasydæan nigesvakmµEdlGñknaMecjRtUvkar dUcCa c.o.d. b¤ karcat;EcgFanar:ab;rg sMxan;². cMeBaHesckþIENnaMTaMgenH Rkumh‘unGakascrN_CaGñkerobcMÉksarepJITMnij. ÉksarenHKWCa ³

2>2>1 bgáan;édBIRkumh‘unGakascrN_ EdlTTYlsÁal;fa xøÜn)anTTYlkarbBa¢abBa¢ÚnTMnijBIGñkbBa¢Ún

2>2>2 GasydæanTak;TgrvagGñkbBa¢Ún nigRkumh‘unGakascrN_sRmab;karbBa¢ÚnTMnij

2>2>3 snøwkB½t’mansRmab;karENnaM 2>2>4 RbtievTn_Ky

2>2>5 víkyb½RtsRmab;karbBa¢ÚnTMnij nig

2>2>6 lixitFanar:ab;rg RbsinebImanEcgGMBIbrimaN nigTMhMénkarFanar:ab;rg.

ÉksarepJITMnijtamGakas KWCaÉksarsþg;darEdlmankarTTYlsÁal;CaGnþrCati Edlmane)aHBum<Ca PasaGg;eKøs nigPasarbs;Rkumh‘unGakascrN_enaH. dUcEdlmankt;sMKal;BIxagedIm mindUcb½NÑ bBa¢ÚnTMnijeT ÉksarepJITMnijminmancuHkmµsiT§krenAelITMnijeT. ÉksarepJITMnijbBa¢ÚneTAedaysV½y RbvtþieTAGñkTTYlbeBaØI b¤ GtifíCn edIm,IBYkeKGacTTYlTMnijedayBMucaM)ac;bMeBjEbbbTepSgeTot eLIy elIkElgEt mankarcat;Ecg c.o.d. . karcat;EcgEbbenHKWCakic©karBarenAeBleRbIR)as;kar

51 edaysarehtuplénéføesvakmµ TMnijkñúgbrimaNeRcIn nigvtßúFatuedIm minmanlkçNsmRsbsRmab;karbBa¢ÚntamGakaseT. eKmankardak;kMhit twgrwugelIkardwkCBa¢ÚntamGakas sRmab;TMnijRbkbedayeRKaHfñak;.



113

bBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas edaysarvaTamTar[mankarbg;éfømun nwgTMnijEdlbBa¢ÚnRtUv)anTTYleday GtifíCn.

X kareRCIserIsykmeFüa)aybBa¢ÚnTMnij)anRtwmRtUv52

enAkñúgkrNICaeRcIn sßanPaBPUmisaRsþ vtþmanesvakmµ nigsMNMulkçN³rUbénplitpl GaceFVI[GñknaM ecjmanCeRmIstictYckñúgkareRCIsykmeFüa)aydwkCBa¢Ún. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday Cajwkjab; CeRmIsCak;Esþg bnÞan;bMput minEmnCaCeRmIsl¥CageKenaHeLIy. CeRmIsPaKeRcIn sßitenArvagkardwkCBaÚ¢ntamsmuRT nigtam Gakas. kardwkCBaÚ¢ntampøÚvfñl; nigpøÚvEdk GaceRbIR)as;sRmab;naMecjeTARbeTsEdlsßitenAelITVIbCamYyKña. b:uEnþ cMeBaHGñknaMecjPaKeRcInenAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ nigRbeTsGPivDÆn_tictYc kardwkCBa¢ÚntampøÚvfñl; nig tampøÚvEdk KWCameFüa)ayénkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijeTA nigmkBIkMBg;Ep b¤ BIGakasyandæanb:ueNÑaH.

enAeBlKNnaéføsrubénkardwkCBaÚ¢n eKRtUvKitminRtwmEtelIGRtaéføQñÜlelIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijb:ueNÑaHeT.

$ éføcMbg²epSgeTotKW

éføevcx©b;. karevcx©b;CabEnßm GaccaM)ac;sRmab;karbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamsmuRT éføcMNayelIeBlevla . RbsinebIkarTUTat;minGaceFVIeLIgmunRbKl;TMnij karbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamsmuRT

EdlGacRtUvkareBlCaeRcInEx Gacp¥akmUlFnrbs;GñknaMecjsRmab;ry³eBlenaHEdr.

$$ éføcMNayepSgeTot EdlRtUvEtKitKUr mandUcteTA ³

éføerobcMÉksarbBa¢ÚnTMnij

kéRmsRmab;karcat;Ecg nigéføkMBg;Ep

karFar:ab;rg.

g ktþaepSgeTot Gacman\T§iBlelICeRmIsmeFüaydwkCBa¢Ún dUcCa ³

etIGtifíCnbBa¢ak;GVIxøH? ectnarbs;GtifíCnmansar³sMxan;bMput. RbsinebImankarbBa¢ak;)anc,as;las; eKRtUvEtGnuvtþtamenaH.

52 RtUveFVIkarseRmcenAdac;BIKña sRmab;TMnijbBa¢ÚnmYyelIk². eKKµanbTbBa¢arYm EdlGacykmkeRbIkar)anenaHeT.



114

PaBBMuR)akdRbCaGMBIdMeNIrqøgkat; EdlGaceFVI[xUcxatkan;EteRcIncMeBaHGtifíCn eRcInCageBlEdl RtUvqøgkat;eTAeTot. etIkMBg;EpenAsmuRT nigRBlanynþehaHmandMeNIrkaredayRbsiT§iPaBb¤eT? etIva sßitenAeRkAEdndI b¤ karRtYtRtarbs;GñknaMecjb¤eT? etImeFüa)aydwkCBa¢ÚneTAsmuRT¼RBlanynþehaH GacTukcitþ)anEdrb¤eT? Cakarl¥GacKYrEtbg;éføbuBVlaPsRmab;karRbKl;TMnijtamkalkMNt;Cak;lak;.

etImanGRtaBiesssRmab;kardwkCBaÚ¢nTMnijeRcIntamGakasb¤eT? Rkumh‘unGakascrN_xøH manectna begáInBaNiC¢kmµbBa¢ÚnTMnijrbs;xøÜn nigpþl;GRtacuHéføsRmab;CMnYjxñatFM.

GayukalxøIénTMnijGaceFVI[TMnijxøHcaM)ac;RtUvEtbBa¢ÚntamGakas ¬dUcCa páaRss;¦.

TMnijCaeRcInRtUvEtmkdl;[Tan;eBl sRmab;karlk;[Tan;eBl ¬dUcCa buNüNUEGl b¤ buNüDIv:alI¦ b¤ enAkñúgry³eBlGaCJab½NÑ b¤ munkalbriecäTEdlkMNt; edIm,IbeBa¢ósPaBhYssm½yénm:Ud.

vaGackat;bnßyTMhM GaRs½yehtuenHGackat;bnßyGRtaéføQñÜl tamry³karbBa¢ÚnTMnijEdlminTan; temøIg b¤ pÁMúbBa©ÚlKña.



115

CMBUk20

karevcx©b; sRmab;TIpSarnaMecj

k ktþaEdlRtUvBicarNa

lkçxNÐénkarevcx©b;sRmab;plitplCak;lak;mYy enAkñúgeBldwkCBaÚ¢n nigenAkñúgTIpSar KWGaRs½yelI ktþamYycMnYn.

sMNMulkçN³énplitplpÞal; víFIénkardwkCBaÚ¢nEdleRbIR)as; lkçxNÐGakasFatuenAkñúgdMNak;kalxus²KñaénkareFVIdMeNIr tRmUvkarrbs;GtifíCn

bTb,BaØtþirbs;rdæaPi)al nigbTbBa¢aepSg²eTot.

x bBaðakñúgkarevcx©b; 53

karevcx©b;sRmab;kardwkCBaÚ¢n RtUvEtmantulüPaBrvagkarBicarNacMNuccMnYnBIr ³ kBa©b;RtUvEtmaMRKb;RKan; edIm,IkarBarplitplBIeRKaHfñak;enAkñúgeBldwkCBa¢Ún dUcCa ecarkmµ karelIk

dak;min)anfñm kMNUt nigkar)ak;Ebk.l.

vaRtUvEtRsal nigmanTMhMtUctamEtGaceFVI)an edIm,IrkSaéføQñÜlbBa¢Ún[enAkRmitTab.

edaysaréføQñÜlbBa¢ÚnTMngCaRtUvKNna edayEp¥kelITMhM CagTm¶n; kMeNInTMhMb:unµansg;TIEm:RthYs xñatvímaRténsMbkekHsRmab;evcx©b; enAkñúgTMnijEdlRtUvbBa¢ÚnkñúgrimaNeRcIn GaceFVI[manPaBxusKñaeRcInelI éfødwkCBa¢Ún. cMeBaHkarbBa¢ÚntamGakas víFIkat;bnßyTm¶n;evcx©b; edaymineFVI[xUcxatvtßúenAkñúgkBa©b; k¾Ca Rbkarcg;)anpgEdr.

]TahrN_ ³ Rkumh‘unmYybBa¢ÚnTMnijtamsmuRTedaymanTMhM 9 hVÍtKUb. RbsinebIGnuvtþtamvíFIburaN 53 karbgðajplitpl nigsMbkkBa©b;³ karevcx©b;mantYnaTIsMxan;enAkñúgkarlk;plitpl. bEnßmelIkarFanafa plitplRtUvbBa¢Únmkdl;kñúgXøaMg b¤ pSarTMenIbkñúgTRmg;l¥ kBa©b;RtUvEtCaEpñkmYyénkarbgðajplitpl[manPaBTak;TajpgEdr. dUecñH sRms;xageRkA k¾Gacmansar³sMxan;pgEdr sRmab;GñknaMecj.



116

Rkumh‘unRtUvevcx©b;TMnijenAkñúgRbGb;eQItUc²cMnYnR)aM nigbnÞab;mkbBa©ÚlRbGb;TaMgR)aMeTAkñúgekHeQImYy. maD cugeRkayénTMnijKWman 12 hVItKUb. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday Rkumh‘ujenHseRmcsakl,gtamTRmg;epSgénkar evcx©b;. Rkumh‘unbegáItekHBIeQImaM nigBMucaM)ac;eRbIRbGb;eQI eFVIEbbenHeKGackat;bnßymaDsrubénTMnijmkRtwm 9/5 hVItKUb nigGackat;bnßyéføcMNayelIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij. edaysarTMnijTaMgenHCaEpñkmYyénbBa¢aTijCaeTog Tat; Rkumh‘unseRmc)ankarkat;bnßycMNaysRmab;ry³eBlEvg.

K mUlehtuénkarxUcxat

enAeBlseRmcelIlkçxNÐénkarevcx©b; GñknaMecjRtUvBicarNaRbePTénkarxUcxat EdlTMngCaekIt eLIg enAeBlbBa¢ÚnTMnij. TMnijgayxUcxatenAkñúgdMNak;kalCaeRcInéndMeNIr.

enAeBlelIkdak; nigpÞúkenAeragcRk

enAeBlepÞrBImeFüa)aydwkCBa¢ÚnmYy eTAmeFüa)aymYyepSgeTot

enAeBldwkCBa¢ÚnBIcMnucmYyeTAcMnucmYyepSgeTot edaysarsMeNIm sm<aF PaBRtCak; kMedA FUlI karb:H TgÁic nigrMj½r .l

enAeBlepÞrenAkMBg;EpCaeKaledA enAkñúgeBlepÞredayGñkEckcay b¤ Gñklk;enAkEnøgrbs;BYkeK.

karevcx©b;RtUvEtRsbtamlkçN³bec©keTslMGitEdlkMNt;edayGtifíCn nigKYrEtmansBaØasMKal; Cak;lak;. karevcx©b;vtßúCaeRcIn dUcCa kaehV Et kb,as RtUvEteKarBtamkic©RBmeRBogGnþrCati ehIyRkumh‘un dwkCBa¢ÚnCaeRcIn nigRkumh‘unFanar:ab;rg rMBwgfaTMnijRtUv)anevcx©b;RsbtamlkçxNÐEbbenaH.

kareFVIGtþsBaØaNlkçxNÐsRmab;plitplCak;lak; manPaBsaMjaMu nigCakic©karbec©keTsx<s; EdlGac RtUvkareyabl;ENnaMBIGñkCMnaj. ]TahrN_ ³ RbGb;eQI b¤ RbGb;RkdastamTMhMsþg;dar GacCaktþacaM)ac; sRmab;karbBa¢ÚnTMnijFmµtaénplitpltUc². eRKOgynþ b¤ TMnijF¶n; GacRtUvdwkCBa¢ÚnenAkñúgekHeQI. pÞúyeTA víjvaRtUvkar[mankic©karBarEtEpñkxøH²b:ueNÑaH. )av b¤ fg; GacCasmÖar³evcx©b;smRsbsRmab;plitplxøH dUcCa sár b¤ kaehV. plitplelah³ GacRtUvkar[mankic©karBarBIkarrbkfñaMBN’ b¤ RsTab;xøaj;BIkMNUt b:uEnþ BMucaM)ac;KRmbBitR)akdeLIy.

X lkçxNÐénTIpSar

sBaØasMKal;dMbUgEdlGñknaMecjRtUvKitKUrsRmab;plitplrbs;xøÜnKW sBaØaplitpledIm{plitenAkm<úCa b¤plitplBIRbeTskm<úCa}. RbeTsxøH TamTar[mandak;søaksBaØabBa¢ak;RbePBedImsRmab;plitplnaMcUl.



117

RbeTsxøHeTotTamTarEbbenH EtenAeBlEdlGacmankarEkøgbnøMGMBIRbPBedImBitR)akdénTMnijEtb:ueNÑaH. ““sBaØabBa¢ak;RbPBedIm RtUvEtGacGan)an minGaclub)an niggayemIleXIj. plitenAkm<úCa}

GñknaMecjminsuT§EtmanPar³TTYlxusRtUvelIkardak;sBaØaelIplitpl CasBaØabBa¢ak;RbPBedImenaHeT b:uEnþ Cajwkjab;vaCakargayRsYl nigGaceFVI)an. GñknaMecj KYrEtBinitüemIlbTb,BaØtþiGMBIkardak;sBaØa nigkar evcx©b;enAkñúgRbeTsnaMcUl munnwgevcx©b;TMnijsRmab;karbBa¢ÚneTAeRkARbeTs. enAkñúgkrNIenH eKTMngCaRtUv BinitüemIlB½t’manGMBIlkçxNÐenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. cUreFVI[R)akdfaGñk)andwgeBjeljGMBIerOgenH cUrBüayam EsVgrkB½t’manfµÍ²bMputGMBIerOgenH nigpSBVpSayral;karEkERblkçxNÐeTA MoC b¤ TPO.

kardak;sBaØaenAelITMnijbBa¢Ún KYrEtmane)aHRtac,as;las;enAelIkBa©b;nImYy². Cajwkjab; sBaØaenH manragxusKña edaymaneQµaHbMRBYjrbs;GtifiCnenAxagkñúg. enAelIRbGb;nImYy² enAxageRkamsBaØa cUrbBa¢ak; eKaledA nigcMnYnRbGb;enAkñúgkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijelIkenaH k¾dUcCa cMnYnCak;lak;énRbGb;EbbenaH enAkñúgQuténTMnij Edl)anbBa¢ÚnenaHpgEdr. ]TahrN_ ³ RbGb;TImYykñúgcMeNam10 RbGb; KYrEtdak;sBaØa 1¼10 . Tm¶n; nig vímaRténRbGb;nImYy² KYrEtmanbBa¢ak; enAeBlEdlmanTMhMxus²Kña.

TMnijEdlcaM)ac;[mankarelIkdak;edayRbugRby½tñ KYrEtmandak;sBaØatamsþg;darGnþrCati CarUbEkv. sBaØaenAfñak;CatiPaKeRcIn sRmab;ENnaMdl;karelIkdak; )aneFVIeLIgedayEp¥kelIsBaØaEdl)anelIkesñIeday GgÁkarsþg;darGnþrCati.

g kardak;søak

bTbBa¢aBiess RtUv)anGnuvtþsRmab;kardak;søaksMKal;elIplitplCaeRcIn dUcCa eRKOgpSMsRmab;cMNI Gahar ePsC¢³ »sf nigsmÖar³sRmab;bnÞb;Twk. bTbBa¢aTaMgenHmanlkçN³xusKñaeRcIn rvagRbeTsnana nig RtUvEtsikSasRmab;RKb;TIpSar. bTbBa¢aTaMgenHGacTamTarnUvB½t’mandUcxageRkamenH GMBIkardak;søaksBaØa.

eQµaHnigGasydæanGñkplit

Tm¶n; nig¼b¤ maDénvtßúenAkñúgenaH brimaN¼cMnYn

FatupSM nigFatupSMEdlKµanRbtikmµ kareRbIR)as; karRBman nigkarENnaM kRmitGaharUbtßmÖ esckþIlMGitBak;B½n§epSgeTot dUcCa kalbriecäTplit.



118

c karelIkdak; karelIkdak;TMnijRtUvEteFVIeLIgtamvíFIxus²Kña. viFImYy RtUv)anehAfa karelIkdak;tamTMhMTMnij

(break bulk handling) EdlenAkñúgenaH TMnijEdlmanragsNæan nigTMhMxusKña RtUvelIkdak;enAdac;BIKña. fµÍ² enH eKmanvíFIdak;TMnijbBa©ÚlKñaCaRkum EdlkBa©b;nanaRtUv)andak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgkBa©b;mYyCaÉktþa. vtßútUc²RtUv dak;rYmCamYyKña nigelIkdak;CaÉktþamYy EdlmanTMhMb:unKñatamsþg;dar nigEdltamFmµtaedaymanCMnYjBI]b-krN_emkanik. karbBa©ÚlKñaCaRkumkat;bnßyTMhMkargar enAkñúgkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij nigbegáInel,ÓnéndMeNIrkarelIk dak;TMnij. eKGaceRbIR)as;smÖar³dUcteTA ³

kugtWn½r eRKageQIsRmab;RTTMnij

eRKageQIsRmab;RTTMnij EdlmanbnÞúkRsalCag edayeRbIR)as;bnÞHpøasÞikrMu b¤ bnÞHmaMrMukarBarrGil

navaEdlGacebIkk,alxagmux nigknÞúy

navapÞúkTMnij

navaseNþagsaLg; TMnijRckCaeRsc

1> karbBa©ÚleTAkñúgkugtWn½r 54

enHCavíFIEdleKsÁal;eRcInCageKénkarbBa©ÚlTMnijeTAkñúgRkumCamYyKña EdlenAkñúgenaHTMnijRtUv)anevc x©b;enAkñúgkugtWn½rsþg;dar edIm,IgayRsYlelIkdak;)anqab;rh½s edayeRbIR)as;]bkrN_sþg;dar. el,Ónénkar elIkdak; mansar³sMxan;Nas; CaBiess enAeBlEdlTMnijRtUvepÞrBImeFüa)aydwkCBa¢ÚnmYyeTAmYyepSgeTot BI navaeTArfynþ BIrfynþeTArfePøIg. kardak;bBa©ÚlkñúgkugtWn½r GaceFVI[navacMNayeBlticenAkñúgkarpÞúk nigepÞr TMnijenAEp nigGaccMNayeBleRcInkñúgkardwkCBaÚ¢nTMnijqøgkat;smuRT.

karbBa©ÚlkñúgkugtWn½r manRbCaRbiyPaB cab;taMgBITsvtSr_qñaM 1960 mk PaKeRcInenAtampøÚvBaNiC¢kmµ smuRTGnþrCati rvagRbeTs]sSahkmµnanaenAGaemrikxageCÍg GWr:ubxaglic GURsþalI nigCb:un. navadwkkugtWn½r tUc²CagenH k¾RtUv)anpliteLIgpgEdr sRmab;dMeNIrelIpøÚvCítCag enAkñúg nigenACMuvíjGWr:ubxaglic emDIETr:aen nigGURsþalI. enAkñúgkugtWn½rmYy TMnijnanaesÞIrEt)anTTYlkic©karBarTaMgRsugBIkMNUt b¤ ecarkmµ. edIm,Ikat;bnßy lT§PaBénkarxUcxatbNþalBIkarelIkdak;minRbugRby½tñ eKGacevcx©b;kñúgTm¶n;RsalCag GacdUcCakarevcx©b; EdlmaneRbIR)as;enAkñúgkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijkñúgRsukpgEdr. kareFVIEbbenHGac[GñknaMecjrbs;eyIgkat;bnßyy:ag 54 navdwkkugtWn½r RtUv)anksageLIgCaBiesssRmab;eKalbMNgenH nigminGacEksRmYledaygayRsYl sRmab;pÞúkTMnijEdlmin)anevcx©b; sRmab; kugtWn½renaHeLIy. RbsinebIvaminmanbnÞúkeBjenaHeT bnÞb;enAkñúgnavaxøHGacpÞúkkugtWn½rTeT y:agehacNas;sRmab;kareFVIdMeNIrmYyeCIg. navadwk kugtWn½r RtUvcMNayx<s;Nas; EdlminGaccUlcttamkMBg;EpeRcIn edIm,IRbmUlTMnijsRmab;bMeBjcMNuHrbs;xøÜnenaHeT enAeBleFVIdMeNIreTAkan;kMBg;Ep CaeKaledA. elIsBIenH vaGacmanRbeyaCn_EtkalNanavadwkkugtWn½r cUlctEtenAkMBg;EpEdlman]bkrN_sRmab;elIkdak;Biessb:ueNÑaH.



119

eRcInelIkarcMNay nigmeFüa)aydwkCBa¢Ún dUecñHKat;GackMNt;éføTabCagsRmab;GtifíCnrbs;Kat;.

2> karbBa©ÚlkñúgkBa©b;;EdlmaneRKageQIsRmab;RT kardak;CakBa©b;elIeRKageQI CavíFIEdlmaneRbIR)as;TUlMTUlaysRmab;bBa¢ÚnbnÞúkkñúgTMhMb:unKña. vaGac

CavíFIEdlmankarniymeRcInkñúgcMeNamGñknaMecjenARbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ nigRbeTsGPivDÆn_tictYc eFobnwgkar bBaÚ¢ntamkugtWn½r. TMnijRtUvbBa¢ÚnelIeRKagCaTRmeQI b¤ eRKagelah³rabesµI. TRmTaMgenaHRtUv)anbegáIteLIg tamTMhMsþg;dar sRmab;elIkeLIgnigdak;cuH)anqab;rh½s niggayRsUledayeRbIR)as;Rtak;T½rmanédCMBamsRmab; elIk-dak; nigbrikçarelIkdak;déTeTot. TRmsþg;darGWr:ubmanTMhM 120 s>m nig 80 s>m. TMnijGacRtUvcgP¢ab; b¤rwtbnþwgedaybnÞHelah³ Cab;CamYyTRmenH. bnÞúkTMnijenAelITRmnImYy² RtUvdak;BIelIKñabnþbnÞab; b¤enAelI eFñI. víFIenHmankareRbIR)as;edayeCaKC½y tamry³kareRbIR)as;]bkrN_ nignavaBiessm:üag b:uEnþ TRmEbbenH k¾GaceRbIR)as;y:agmanRbsiT§iPaBpgEdr sRmab;navadwkTMnijTUeTA.

3> navaseNþagsaLg; navaseNþagsaLg; CanavaEdl)anksageLIgfµÍ²enHsRmab;kardwkTMnijEdlbBa©ÚlCaRkum. vaCanava

EdlmanTRmg;gayEkERbsRmab;eRbIR)as;xus²Kña edaysarvaminRtUvkarbrikçarBiessenAkMBugEpeLIy. edIm,IpÞúk TMnij navaseNþajRtUvrujsaLg;nImYy²eTAnavaem EdlmanbMBak;]bkrN_sÞÚcRKb;Rbdab; - saLg; nigTMnij- enAelInavasRmab;kareFVIdMeNIreTAsmuRT. enAkMBg;EpeKaledA saLg;nanaRKan;EtctenACab; enABIcMehognava enaH edaymannavaseNþagrujcUleTAEpEdlGacCakMBg;EpTwkeRCAenAtamTenø. navaem RtUvkar[manEtkEnøg TwkeRCA manr)MagTwkrlk nigGace)aHyufáa sRmab;pÞúk nigepÞrTMnijEtb:ueNÑaH.

4> TMnijRckCaeRsc tamvíFIenH TMnijRtUv)anRbmUlpÁMúCamYyKña EdleRtomCaeRscsRmab;elIeday]bkrN_sÞÚc edIm,I[]b-

krN_elIkdak;cMNayeBlticbMputkñúgRbtibtþikarelIkdak;nImYy². GtßRbeyaCn_énkarpÁúMCaRkum eFobnwgkarelIk dak;tamTMhMTMnijxus²Kña GacedaysartYelxEdlmankarTTYlsÁal;CaTUeTA dUcxageRkamenH ³

víFIelIkdak;TMnij bnÞúkKitCaetankñúgmYYyem:agénRbtibtþikarsÞÚc karelIk-dak;tamTMhMTMnij(Break-bulk) 15 eRKageQITRm 60 bBa©ÚlkñúgkugtWn½r 200 RbB½n§saLg; 1>400 55

55 Tak;TgnwgkarpÞúk¼karepÞrsRmab;saLg; eTA¼mkBInavaem b:uEnþminrab;bBa©ÚlkarepÞ¼pÞúkeTAkñúg¼mkBIsaLg;eT.



DRAFT 11/28/2004

CMBUk 21

tYnaTIrbs;m®nþItMNagBaNiC¢kmµ enAkñúgkic©karc,ab;

CMBUkenHBiPakSatYnaTI EdlTak;Tgnwgkic©karc,ab; sRmab;rUbGñk. kargarPaKeRcInrbs;GñkTMngCaBak; B½n§eRcInCamYyEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ b:uEnþ CYnkalGñkRtUvEtedaHRsaybBaðaEdlTak;Tgnwgc,ab;pgEdr. vaCaRbkar sMxan;bMputEdlGñkRtUvEtyl;dwg CaBiessenAeBlEdlGñkmanbBaðaTak;Tgnwgc,ab; edIm,IGñkGacdwgxøH²GMBI bBaðaEdlBak;B½n§ nigrebobedaHRsay.

GñkKYrEtsÁal;GMBIc,ab;rbs;km<úCa GnusBaØaGnþrCati nigc,ab;déTeTot EdlTak;TgnwgtMENgrbs;Gñk. GñkKYrEtmanc,ab;cmøgénc,ab;TaMgenHCaÉksareyagmanenAkñúgsMNMuÉksarrbs;Gñk nig¼b¤ bNÑal½y. GñkKYr sikSaGMBIGtßn½yBitR)akdénkic©RBmeRBogeTVPaKInana rvagkm<úCa nigEdndIrbs;Gñk RbsinebIGñkenABMuTan;)andwg c,as;las;enAeLIyeT. kic©RBmeRBogEbbenH GacEcgGMBI BaNiC¢kmµ karTUTat; karykBn§ taragBn§GnueRKaH nigkic©karBn§KydéTeTot víTüasaRsþ nigkic©shRbtibtþikarxagvb,Fm’.l. eTaHbIkic©RBmeRBogPaKeRcInTMng CamanlkçN³TUeTAk¾eday cUrGñkBinitükic©RBmeRBogTaMgenaHedayRbugRby½tñedIm,IrkemIl»kas EdlGacman EcgEdlpþl;lT§PaBsRmab;begáItBaNiC¢kmµnaMecjsRmab;RbeTseyIg.

k Rkbx½NÐc,ab;enAkñúgRbeTseyIg GñkKYrEtsÁal;Rkbx½NÐc,ab;sþIBIshRKasnaMecjénRbeTseyIg. Cak;Esþg GñkRtUvEtdwgGMBIkUtanaMecj karGnuBaØatCapøÚvkar EdlcaM)ac;sRmab;BaNiC¢kmµnaMecj nigsßab½nmansmtßkic©rbs;rdæ.

x Rkbx½NÐc,ab;enAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk shRKasnaMecjenAkñúgRbeTseyIgGacBwgEp¥kelIrUbGñk edIm,ITTYlB½t’manGMBIRkbx½NÐc,ab;sRmab; BaNiC¢kmµenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. dUecñH GñkRtUvEtsÁal;c,ab; nigbTb,BaØtinanaénEdndIEdlGñkkan;tMENg Edl Tak;TgnwgkarnaMcUlTMnij nigesvakmµBIRbeTseyIg. c,ab;EbbenHEcgGMBI RbéBNI sþg;dasuvtßiPaB sþg;dar Gnam½y nig PUtKamGnam½y karevcx©b; kardak;søak nigkic©karepSgeTot. c,ab;enAkñúgRbeTsCaeRcIn EcgGMBI kardak;kMhitxøH²mkelIkareFVICMnYj EdlGacCakarelµIsc,ab;enAeRkamc,ab;rbs;RbeTsepSgeTot. snñisIT



121

shRbCaCati sþIBIBaNiC¢kmµ nigGPivDÆn_ (UNCTAD)kMBugerobcMc,ab;KMrU sþIBIkarhamXat;elIskmµPaBCMnYj sRmab;CakarENnaMdl;karbegáItc,ab;BaNiC¢kmµ. KMrUEbbenHGacCYylubbM)at; b¤ y:agehacNas;kat;bnßy ]bTÞvehtuénkarekIteLIgnUvskmµPaBxusc,ab;nana. RtUvEsVgrkÉksarc,ab; nigbTb,BaØtþisMxan;²énRbeTseyIg EdlTak;TgnwgBaNiC¢kmµ. tamFmµta c,ab;TaMg enaHmanenAkñúgRbPBrdæaPi)al CaPasaCati nigCYnkalCaPasabreTspgEdr. cUrepJIc,ab;cmøgeTA MoC b¤ TPO sRmab;karBieRKaHeyabl; CamYyGñkCMnajkarc,ab;enAkñúgRbeTseyIg. Gñkk¾RtUvEtsÁal;lkçxNÐc,ab; EdlTak;TgnwgRbtibtþikarénRkumh‘unbreTsenAkñúgEdndIrbs;GñkpgEdr. enAkñúgRbeTsxøH shRKasbreTs b¤ tMNagrbs;eK RtUvEtcuHbBa¢IkarN_CamYyGaCJaFrrdæaPi)al. bTbBa¢a nig bTb,BaØtþi Etgmankarpøas;bþÚrCajwkjab;. GñkKYrEtdwgfa enAeBlNaEdlkarpøas;bþÚrenaHnwgekIteLIg nigyl; GMBIsar³sMxan;énkarpøas;bþÚrenaH. GñkKYrEtGaceqøIynwgsMNYrPaKeRcIn mkBIGñkpÁt;pÁg;enAkñúgRbeTseyIgGMBIkic© karc,ab;. kic©karxøHnwgTamTar[manesvakmµnanaénGñkRbwkSaxagEpñkc,ab;. sRmab;eKalbMNgenH GñkRtUvEt rkSabBa¢IeQµaHemFavÍmYycMnYnenAkñúgmUldæan EdlmanÉkeTselITidæPaBxus²KñaénBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati dUcCa kic©snüa BaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati kic©snüaTIPñak;gar karykBn§ karTUTat;CaGnþrCati nigkarRbmUlbMNul kic©RBm-eRBogshRbtibtþikar EdlrYmTaMgkarrksIucUlh‘unKñµapgEdr.l.

CMBUk22 kic©snüa



122

22

k niymn½y nigkarbegáItkic©snüa 56

kic©snüamYy KWCakic©RBmeRBogCab;katBVkic©rvagPaKInanaenAkñúgkic©snüaenaH. cMNucsar³sMxan;kñúg kic©snüaKW ³

PaKImansmtßkic© RbFanbTénkic©kar karRBmeRBogKñaeTAvíjeTAmk

katBVkic©rvagKñaeTAvíjeTAmk

enAkñúgRbeTsxøH CaBiessenAkñúgRbB½n§c,ab;GaemrikaMg {karBicarNa}xagpøÚvc,ab; eBalKW EpñkNamYyén karpøas;bþÚrrvagPaKInana EdlGacvas;Evg)anCasac;R)ak; b¤ mantémøCaTwkR)ak;.

kic©snüamYy RtUv)anerobcMeLIg enAeBlEdlQandl;karRBmeRBogKña. tamFmµta enAkñúgRbtibtþikar BaNiC¢kmµmYy RbkarenHekIteLIg enAeBlEdlsMeNIpþl;[edayPaKImYy RtUv)anTTYlykedayKµanlkçxNÐ BIPaKImYyeTot.

ω eKalkarN_naMmuxsRmab;karbegáItkic©snüamYyenAkñúgRbB½n§c,ab;TaMgGs; mandUcteTA ³ Gñkpþl;sMeNI RtUvEteFVIkarelIksMeNIpþl; PaKImçageTot RtUvEtTTYlyksMeNIenaH

x RbePTénkic©snüa 1> kic©snüalk;sRmab;karlk;TMnijCaGnþrCati

1>1 kic©snüalk; KWCakarRBmeRBogrvaggñklk; nigGñkTijmYy edayEp¥kelIkarpþl; EdlRtUvEttTTYlyk

56 ral;karlk;suR§EtTak;TgCamYykic©snüa ehIyedaysarehtuplCaeRcIn GñkRtUvEty:agehacNas;mankaryl;dwgCamUldæanGMBIfaetIvamanGVIxøH.



123

1>2 karpþl;[ KWCasMeNImYyedIm,I[mankic©snüamYy EdltamFmµta sMedAelIbuKÁl¼GgÁPaBCak;lak;mYy b¤ eRcIn

1>3 karpþl;[ KYrEtmanpSMeday ³ 1>3>1 B½t’mansþIBIGñkpþl;[

1>3>1>1 eQµaHGgÁPaBrbs;Kat; nig

1>3>1>2 GasydæaneBjeljrbs;Kat; EdlrYmTaMg elxTUrs½BÞ TUrsar nigGIuEm:l 1>3>2 eQµaH nigGasydæanrbs;GñkTTYlkarpþl;[

1>3>3 B½t’manGMBITMnijEdlRtUvlk; b¤ Tij 1>3>3>1 RbePTTMnij nig

1>3>3>2 KuNPaB brimaN RbPBedIm BN’ Tm¶n; sMNMulkçN³bec©keTs nikçtþsBaØaBaNiC¢kmµ RbsinebIman nig karevcx©b;

1>3>4 lkçxNÐénkarTUTat; 1>3>5 lkçxNÐénkardwkCBa¢Ún PaKINaTTYlxusRtUvsMukarGnuBaØat nigbMeBjEbbbTxagEpñkKy

1>3>6 lkçxNÐénkarFanar:ab;rg

1>3>7 eBlevla nigTIkEnøgénkarRbKl; nigkarepÞrhaniP½y

1>3>8 lkçxNÐénkarepÞrsiT§i 1>3>9 c,ab;EdlmanGanuPaBelIkic©snüa nigmeFüa)ayedaHRsayPaBmincuHsRmugKña 1>3>10 ral;cMNucepSegTotEdlGñkpþl;sMeNIyl;faBak;B½n§ eTAnwgkic©snüaEdl)anelIkesñI dUcCa

esckþIeyageTAbBaØtþiTUTAGMBIkarlk; 1>4 sMeNIpþl; GaceFVIeLIgedaypÞal;mat; b¤ CalaylkSGkSr b¤Gactamry³TegVIrbs;Gñkpþl;[. eKRtUv

eFVIkarR)aRs½yTak;TgGMBIsMeNIrpþl;enaH CamYybuKÁl¼GgÁPaB EdlCaGñkTTYlsMeNIpþl; 1>5 karTTYlyk KWCakarykcitþTukdak;eFVIeLIgedayGñkTTYlyk EdlCakarbgðajGMBIkaryl;RBmcMeBaH

sMeNIpþl;[enaH. karTTYlykenaH RtUvEtmanlkçN³dac;xat nigKµanbBa¢ak;BIKuNPaB. karTTYl ykmanlkçxNÐ mann½yfaCakarpþl;tbvíj EdlPaKiGñkpþl;RtUvTTYlyk RbsinebIcg;[kic©snüamYy ekIteLIg

1>6 karTTYlykGaceFVIeLIgedaypÞal;mat; CalaylkSGkSr b¤ qøúHbBa©aMgtamry³skmµPaBGnuvtþ.

enAeRkamkic©snüalk; Gñklk;RtUvEtRbKl;TMnij RbKl;Éksarnana dUcCa b½NÑbBa¢ÚnTMnij nigvíkyb½Rt BaNiC¢mµ nigepÞrkmµsiT§iTMnij tamkarcaM)ac;dUcmanenAkñúgkic©snüa. GñkTijRtUvEtbg;éføTMnij nigTTYlykTMnij Edl)anRbKl; dUcmanEcgenAkñúgkic©snüa. 57 57 cMeBaHesckþIlMGitbEnßm sUmGanÉksarENnaM ITC/ICC guide, Legal Aspects of Foreign Trade (Geneva, 1984) b¤ Éksar bc©úb,nñPaBcugeRkay.



124

2> kic©snüarNb RbtibtþikarCMnYjmYy CaBiess enAeBlEdlTak;TgnwgTMnij GacBak;B½n§CamYykic©snüarNbmYycMnYn

CabEnßmelIkic©RBmeRBogeKal. enAeRkay b¤ RsbCamYykarRBmeRBogelIkic©snüaRbKl;beNþaHGasnñmYy GñknaMecjGacRtUv³

skmµPaB kic©snüa

cat;EcgCamYyFnaKar edIm,IepÞrhirBaØvtßú caM)ac;sRmab;plitTMnijEdlbBa¢aTij

kic©snüax©IBIFnaKar

cat;Ecg[mankarFanar:ab;rg\NTan naMecj

kic©snüaCamYyTIPñak;garFanar:ab;rg \NTannaMecj

cat;EcgCamYyFnaKaredIm,IepÞrÉksar kic©snüaCamYyFnaKarTak;Tgnwglixit \NTan b¤ karRbmUlÉksar

cat;EcgbBa¢ÚnTMnij kic©snüaCamYyTIPñak;garbBa¢ÚnTMnij b¤Rkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún

cat;EcgedIm,I[mankarFanar:ab;rgTMnij kic©snüaCamYyRkumh‘unFanar:ab;rg

3> kic©snüapøas;bþÚrTMnij karedaHdUrTMnij karbþÚr karTUTat; karTijRtLb;mkvíj nigTRmg;epSgeToténkic©snüabþÚrTMnij KWCakic©

snüalk;BitR)akd ebIeTaHCavamanTidæPaBBiessxøH²k¾eday.

kic©edaHdUrTMnijmYy EdlCaTmøab;manGayukalcMNas; dUcCa BaNiC¢kmµEdrenaH KWCakic©snüamYy Edl EcgGMBIkarpøas;bþÚrTMnijtamTRmg;gaymYy. kic©snüabþÚr EcgGMBIkarTijTMnijKitCarUbiyb½NÑEdlminGacbEmøg )an ehIykarlk;eFVIeLIgCarUbiyb½NÑEdlGacbEmøg)an. enAeRkamkic©snüaTUTat;mYy GñknaMecj RtUvTijTMnijBI TIpSarmYy nigeFVIkarlk;víjeTAkñúgTIpSarenaH. enATIenH mankic©snüaxusKñaBIr kic©snüaTImYy Cakic©snüaman lkçxNÐCab;CamYykic©snüaTIBIr ehIykarbg;éføRtUvTUTat;KñaeTAvíjeTAmk. kic©snüaTijRtLb;víj tRmUv[Gñk TijeragcRk]sSahkmµmYy b¤ brikçarmYy bg;éføsRmab;eragcRk¼brikçarenaH tamry³karpþl;eTA[Gñklk;nUv PaKryénplitplCMnYs[éføTij.

RbsinebIGñkRtUvpþl;eyabl;dl;sarCÍvkmµBaNiC¢kmµmYyrbs;rdæ GñkGacBak;B½n§enAkñúgkarcrcakic©snüa lk;mYy enAkñúgdMNak;kaledImdMbUg. GñkGacnaMykPaKInanamkCYbKñaenAkñúgdMNak;kaledImdMbUg. GñkGacemIl eXIjfaxøÜnÉgsßitenAkñúgtYnaTICaGnþrkarI rvagPaKInana enAeBlEdlmankarcrcarGMBIniymn½y niglkçxNÐ nana. {RtUvEtcgcaMfa GñkRKan;EtCaTIRbwkSamñak; nigCaGñksRmYlkargar[rlUnEtb:uNÑaH cMENkPasaCak;Esþg



125

enAkñúgkic©snüa KWCakarTTYlxusRtUvEtÉgénPaKInanaEdlBak;B½n§ b¤ emFavÍrbs;BYkeK{. GñkGacemIleXIjfa víPaKTanvíC¢manmYyrbs;Gñk KWkarnaMykPaKITaMgenaHmkCYbKñaCafµÍmþgeTot enAeBlkarcrcaCab;KaMg.

4> kic©snüaCYl enAeRkamkic©snüaCYl m©as;GclnRTBü b¤ GñkCYl[eK pþl;siT§ipþac;muxelIkareRbIR)as;GclnRTBüenaH

eTA[GñkdéT b¤ GñkCYlBIeK.

enAkñúgkic©snüaCYl eKalbMNgbzm KWCYlGclnRTBü. kic©snüaxøHpþl;[GñkCYl nUvCeRmIsmYy b¤ siT§iedIm,ITijGclnRTBüEdlBak;B½n§enaH. CeRmIsmYy KWedIm,ITijGclnRTBüEdlCYlenaH eKRtUvEtmankarÉk PaBKñaCamun. karcat;EcgEbbenH kMBugmaneRbIR)as;kan;eRcIneLIg enAeBlEdlBak;B½n§nwg]bbkrN_éfø² dUcCa ynþehaH b¤ nava.

5> kic©RBmeRBogeFVICatMNag kic©snüaEbbenHmanEcgenAkñúgCMBUk 15 {kareFVICatMNagelIkarlk;}.

6> kic©snüavisVkmµ shRKasnanaenAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ cUlrYmy:agskmµenAkñúgskmµPaBsagsg;enAkñúgRbeTskMBug

GPivDÆn_ nigRbeTsGPivDÆn_tictYc. kic©snüavísVkmµ enAkRmitGnþrCati )ankøayCakic©karTUeTA. enAkñúgGMLúg eBlenaH lkçxNÐénkic©snüaenAeRkamkic©snüavísVkmµEdleFVIeLIgenAeRkARbeTsRtUv)anerobcMCalkçN³sþg; dar. manTRmg;mYycMnYnénkic©snüaEbbenHEdl)anbegáIteLIgenAeRkamkarENnaMénGgÁkarÉkeTsvíC¢aCÍv³ dUcCa FIDIC ¬shB½n§GnþrCatiénRkumh‘unTIRbwkSavísVkmµ58) nigsßab½nGnþrCati dUcCa KN³kmµkarshRbCaCatisRmab; kic©karGWr:ub.

6>1 kic©snüasagsg; EcgGMBIkarsagsg;GaKarnigsMNg;x<s;²epSgeTot cMENkkic©snüavisVkmµsIuvíl Tak; Tgnwgkarsagsg;pøÚvfñl; s<an pøÚveRkamdI TMnb; RbB½n§eRsacRsBFM² nigkargarRbhak;RbEhlKñaenH.

6>2 kic©snüaRbKl; nigtemøIgbrikçar KWCakic©snüavísVkmµ Edlpþl;esvakmµRbKl;brikçaremkanik b¤ eGLic RtUnikb¤TaMgBIr.RbsinebIkic©snüaenHEcgEtGMBIbrikçar kic©snüaEbbenHRtYv)ancat;TukCakic©snüalk;.

6>3 kic©snüaRbKl;esa KWCakic©snüavísVkmµ EdlenAeRkamkic©snüaenH Gñkem:AkarTTYlxusRtUvTaMgRsug elIkarsagsg;eragcRk]sSahkmµmYy rhUtdl;catTukfa rYcCaeRscsRmab;dMeNIrkar.

58 Federation international des ingénieurs conseils, B.P. 86, CH 1012 Lausanne, Switzerland. Rkumh‘unTIRbwkSavísVkmµ eRcInEtcUlrYmenAkñúgkarbegáIt nigGnuvtþkic©snüavísVkmµ kñúgnamCaTIRbwkSa[vínieyaKin. tYnaTIrbs;BYkeK KW mYyEpñkCaGñkpþl;eyabl; nigmYyEpñk eTotelIkarRtYtBinitü edaysarBYkeKpþl;eyabl;eTATaMgGtifíCn nigRtYtBinitükarRbRBwtþrbs;Rkumh‘unem:AkarpgEdr.



126

6>4 kic©snüaRbKl;TMnijkñúgéd KWCakic©snüaRbKl;esa EdlenAkñúgenaH karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;Gñkem:Akar enAbnþrhUtdl;eragcRkRbtibtþikardl;kRmitsmtßPaBNamYy. karbNþúHbNþaldl;buKÁlikvínieyaKin nwgRtUveFVIeLIg rhUtdl;BYkeKGaceFVIkarplit¼Gnuvtþkargar)anCaFmµtaedayxøÜnÉg.

edaysarkic©snüavísVkmµ eRcInEtGnuvtþedayGñkem:Akar EdlmanCMnajnigcMeNHdwgÉkeTs vaCakrNITUeTA

sRmab;Gñkem:AkarEbbenHkñúgkarerobcMkic©snüaedayxøÜnÉg sRmab;RbtibtþikarKRmagCak;lak;mYy. enAkñúg kic©snüaxøH PaKITaMgGs;cUlrYmenAkñúgkarGnuvtþlkçxNÐénkic©snüaedaypÞal; CamYyvínieyaKin. enAkñúgkic©snüa epSgeTot manEtGñkemA:karmYyb:ueNÑaH EdlehAfa GñkemA:kar{em} b¤ {cMbg}¦ Cab;lkçxNÐkñúgkic©snüaCamYy vínieyaKin. PaKIdéTeTot RtUvCab;enAkñúgkic©RBmeRBogem:AkarbnþCamYyGñkem:Akarem. enAkñúgkrNIenH Gñkem:A karem mankarTTYlxusRtUvedaypÞal;cMeBaHmuxvínieyaKin ehIyGñkem:Akarbnþ mankarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHmux Gñkem:Akarem. edaysarKµanTMnak;TMngedaypÞal;xagpøÚvc,ab; rvagGñkem:Akarbnþ nigvínieyaKin vínieyaKinminGac bþwgGñkem:Akarbnþ b¤ ehIyGñkemA:karbnþk¾minGacbþwgvínieyaKinvíjEdr enAkñúgkrNImanTMnas;.

7> kic©RBmeRBogvinieyaKbreTs nigkic©RBmeRBogrksIucUlh‘unKña kic©RBmRBog EdlEcgGMBIkarvínieyaKbreTs tamFmµtapSMeLIgedaykic©snüaEdlTak;TgKñaCaeRcIn.

kic©snüaem GacCakic©RBmeRBogrksIucUlKñamYy. kic©RBmeRBogdéTeTotGacEcgGMBIkic©karnana dUcCa karbegáIt Rkumh‘unfµÍmYy karepÞrbec©kvíTüa nigvís½ysMxan;²epSgeTot Tak;TgnwgkarGnuvtþkic©snüaem. enAkñúgn½yenH eKalbMNgcMbgrbs;GñkKW Tak;Taj[mankarvínieyaKbreTssRmab;RbeTsrbs;eyIg. karENnaMEdlTak;Tgnwg skmµPaBenHmanbgðajenAkñúgCMBUk 22-23 sþIBI {kareXasnaCRmujkarvínieyaK}.

8> kic©RBmeRBogepÞrbec©kviTüa enAeRkamkic©RBmeRBogTaMgenH CaTUeTA RtUv)anehAfa kic©RBmeRBogpþl;GaCJab½NÑ m©as;nikçtþsBaØa ):atg;

b¤ CMnaj GnuBaØat[GñkNamñak;epSgeToteRbIR)as;cMeNHdwgTaMgenH. kic©RBmeRBogpþl;GaCJab½NÑ eRcInEtbegáIt CaEpñkmYyénkic©RBmeRBogrksIucUlKña nigCYnkalCakic©RBmeRBogvísVkmµ. tamFmµta karbg;éfø eFVIeLIgeRkam TRmg;CaéføQñÜl nig¼b¤ siT§ieRbIR)as;.

nikçtþsBaØaBaNiC¢kmµmYy RtUv)ancuHbBa¢I nigkarBarsBaØa b¤ eQµaH EdlminGaceRbIR)as;)an edayKµankarÉk PaBBIm©as;edImeLIy. ):atg;mYy KWCasiT§iRsbc,ab;mYy edIm,IeRbIR)as;rbkKMehIjedIm b¤ karbegáItfµÍmYy Edl )ancuHbBa¢ICamYykariyal½y):atg;. eKRtUvsMukarGnuBaØatBIm©as;edIm edIm,IeRbIR)as;cMeNHdwgEbbenH. CMnaj mYy KWCacMeNHdwgEdlminGaccuHbBa¢I b¤ karBartampøÚvc,ab;. vaGacpSMedayÉksaredImlMGit bøg; sMNMulkçN³ bec©keTskRmitx<s;xagbec©kvíTüa b¤ dMeNIrkarBiessmYy.



127

karcat;Ecgpþl;GaCJab½NÑ k¾GaceFVIeLIgeRkamTRmg;Cakic©RBmeRBogpþl;siT§ipgEdr EdlenAeRkamkic©RBm eRBogenaH m©as;éndMeNIrkarmYy GnuBaØat[PaKImYyeTotbegáItplitplmYy tammeFüa)ayéndMeNIrkarenH enA kñúgEdndICak;lak;mYy b¤ lk;plitplEdlbegáIteLIgenAeRkamdMeNIrkarenH nigeRcInEtRtUvdak;pøakyIehaEdl mancuHbBa¢I. kic©snüaepÞrbec©kvíTüa k¾Gacrab;bBa©Úlkic©snüaRKb;RKgpgEdr. kic©snüaTaMgenHGnuBaØat[ PaKImYyTTYlykkarRKb;RKgshRKasCMnYjmYy dUcCa eragcRk]sSahkmµ b¤ sNæaKarmYy. m©as;enAEtrkSa kmµsiT§irbs;xøÜn b:uEnþepÞrsiT§ielIkarRKb;RKgmYyEpñk b¤ TaMgRsug eTA[Rkumh‘unCaGñkRKb;RKg.

9> kic©snüadwkCBa¢Ún edIm,IRbKl;TMnijenAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati QµÜjRtUvEtCYlRkumh‘unepSg²Kña EdlmanmuxCMnYjkñúgkar

bBa¢ÚnTMnijBIkEnøgmYy eTAkEnøgmYyepSgeTot. RbsinebIm©as;manbMNgbBa¢ÚnTMnijeTAGñkTijenAeRkARbeTs Kat;RtUvEtcuHkic©snüamYyCamYyRkumh‘un

dwkCBa¢ÚntamsmuRT Edlmannava ¬m©as;nava¦ edIm,IykéføQñÜl ¬BIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij¦. enAkñúgkrNIenH m©as;nava k¾CaGñkbBa¢ÚnTMnijpgEdr. GñknaMecj enAkñúgTMnak;TMngEbbenH RtUv)an[eQµaHfa {GñkbBa¢ÚnGIv:an;}. RbsinebI GñknaMecjKitfa TMnijnwgRtUvkarkEnøgPaKeRcInenAkñúgnavamYy Kat;nwgCYlnavamYyEtmþg. kic©snüaenHRtUv)an[ eQµaHfa kic©snüaPaKICYl. ÉksarEdlenAkñúgenaH mancuHral;lkçxNÐénkardwkCBa¢ÚntamsmuRT RtUv)anehAfa b½NÑbBa¢ÚnTMnij (B/L) b¤ ÉksarepJITMnijtamsmuRT ¬sUmGanCMBUk 27 sþIBI ÉksarnaMecj¦.

GñknaMecj GacCYlPñak;garbBa¢ÚnTMnij edIm,IeFVIlT§kmµTIkEnøgsRmab;kardwkCBaÚ¢nTMnij ¬sUmGanCMBUk 28 sþIBI kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij¦. m:üagvíjeTot m©as;navamYyGacCYlQµÜjkNþalmYy edIm,IEsVgrkTMnijsRmab; pÞúkkñúgnavarbs;xøÜn. enAeRkamTRmg;epSgeToténkardwkCBa¢Ún eBalKW tampøÚvfñl; pøÚvEdk b¤ pøÚvGakas CarYm Rkumh‘unEbbenHedIrtYnaTIdUcKña. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday ÉksarnanaEdlecjEbbenH mansMMNMulkçN³xusKñaBI b½NÑbBa¢ÚnTMnij eBalKWminGacykeTAeRbIR)as;sRmab;TUTat;)aneT dUecñH vamintMNag[TMnijtamTRmg;dUcKñanwg B/L eLIy.

10> kic©snüaFanar:ab;rgGnþrCati RbFanbTenHmanbgðajenAkñúgCMBUkTI 26 sþIBI karFanar:ab;rgTMnij.



DRAFT 11/28/2004

CMBUk23 vivaTkñúgBaNiC¢kmµ

manvíFImYycMnYnsRmab;edaHRsayvívaTkñúgBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati. PaKInanaGacdak;CUnkrNIenaHeTAtulakar GnþrCati b¤mYyenAkñúgRbeTsGñknaMecj b¤mYyenAkñúgRbeTsGñknaMcUl b¤ BYkeKGacedaHRsayCalkçN³ÉkCn tamry³

karedaHRsayedaysnþivíFI karsRmuHsRmYl

mCÄtþvínicä½y.

CaTUeTA víFIénkaredaHRsaymanEcgenAkñúgkic©snüaenaH.

k dMeNaHRsayedaysnþivíFI kic©snüaBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCatiPaKeRcIn tRmUv[PaKInanaBüayamedaHRsayvívaTrbs;xøÜn tamvíFIedaHRsay edaysnþivíFI eBalKW tamry³karcrcarkdMeNaHRsayrvagxøÜneK edayBMucaM)ac;manGnþraKmn_BIxageRkAeLIy. víFIénkaredaHRsayvívaTEbbenHqab;rh½s nigBMucMNayeRcIndUctamry³víFIepSgeToteLIy. vtþmanénGñktMNag BaNiC¢kmµ kúñgnamCaGnþrkarId¾esµaHRtg; enAkñúgkarRbCMuénPaKInanaenAkñúgvívaT eRcInEtmanRbeyaCn_.

x karsRmuHsRmYl karsRmuHsRmYl KWCaCMhanmundMbUgmYy b¤ CaCeRmIsmYyCMnYs[mCÄtþivínicä½y. enAkñúgkarsRmuHsRmYl PaKInanaEtgtaMgbuKÁlBIxageRkA EdlmanPar³kic©edIm,IsRmuHsRmYlrvagPaKInana. GñksRmuHsRmYledIrtYCa GaCJakNþal b:uEnþBYkeKRKan;EtGacelIkGnusasn_ EdlminGacGnuvtþ)antampøÚvc,ab;)aneLIy. RbsinebI dMeNaH RsayEdl)anelIkesñIeLIgenaH minGacTTYlyk)anBIsMNak;PaKIenAkñúgvívaTeTenaH eKRtUvEtbRmugFnFanedIm,I eRbIR)as;víFIepSgeTot EdlmanEcgenAkñúgkic©snüa. kic©snüaBMusUvcat;TukkarsRmuHsRmYlKña faCavíFIsRmab; edaHRsayvívaTeLIy. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday RbsinebIRKwHsßanNamYyRtUv)anpþl;TMnukcitþsRmab;kareFVImCÄtþ-vínicä½yehIy bTb,BaØtþisþIBImCÄtþivinicä½yrbs;RKwHsßanenaH nwgRtUvykeTAeRbIR)as;CabTb,BaØtþisRmab; karsRmuH



129

sRmYledaysßab½nenaH. enAkñúgkrNIenH PaKInImYy²enAkñúgvívaT mansiT§iesñIsMu[mankarsRmuHsRmYl. eTaHCa y:agNak¾eday PaKImYyepSgeTotGacbdiesFkarsRmuHsRmYl nigsMu[manmCÄtþivínicä½yCabnÞan;.

K mCÄtþvinicä½y PaKeRcInénkic©snüaBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati manEcgGMBIkaredaHRsayvívaTtamry³mCÄtþvinicä½y. RbB½n§ mCÄtþvínicä½yRtUv)anEbgEckCaBIrEbbcMbg² KW ³

1> mCÄtþvinicä½yxagsßab½n enAkñúgmCÄtþvínicä½yxagsßab½n PaKInanaÉkPaBeRCIsykkarCRmHkþItamry³ynþkarmCÄtþvínicä½yEdlman

Rsab;enAkñúgsßanb½nmYy dUcCa sPaBaNiC¢kmµ. enAkñúgkrNIEbbenH sßab½nenaHnwgmanbTb,BaØtþirbs;xøÜnsþIBIkar sRmuHsRmYl EdlmanEcgGMBInItivíFIEdlRtUvGnuvtþtam sRmab;karEtgtaMgGaCJakNþal EdlenAkñúgenaH bNþwgna na nigbNþwgtbvíj nwgRtUvdak;CUn rYmCamYylkçxNÐepSg²eTot.

2> mCÄtþvinicä½ybeNþaHGasnñ enAkñúgmCÄtþvínicä½ybeNþaHGasnñ PaKIkñúgvívaT EtgtaMgsmaCíkénsalakþImCÄtþvínicä½yrbs;xøÜn. BYkeK

GaceRCIserIsykRbFanedaypÞal; b¤ TukCeRmIsenHeTAGñkEdl)anEtgtaMg[cUleTAkñúgRkumRbwkSaCRmHkþI. kar eRCIserIsRbFanmansar³sMxan;Nas; eRBaHfaKat;nwgmansemøgkñúgkarseRmc kñúgkrNIEdlGaCJakNþalminÉk PaBKña. cMNucexSaymYyénnItivíFIenH sßitenARtg;fa eKKµanvíFIedIm,ITmøayPaBTal;Rck)aneLIy RbsinebIPaKI TaMgBIrminGacÉkPaBtamkarseRmcrbs;RbFan.

X sßab½nmCÄtþvinic½äy nigkic©RBmeRBogGnþrCati

mansßab½nl,Il,ajmYycMnYn EdleRcInEtRtUv)anesñIsMuedayPaKInanaedIm,IedaHRsayvívaTBaNiC¢kmµ GnþrCati. sßab½nEdlmankarTTYlsÁal;CageKKW sPaBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati (ICC)59enARkug):arIs.

1> sPaBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati (ICC)

ICC mantulakarmCÄtþvínicä½y nigbTb,BaØtþisRmuHsRmYl nigmCÄtþvínicä½y. eyagtambTb,BaØtþienaH vívaTmYyGacedaHRsay)an b¤mYytamry³GaCJakNþalmYy b¤GaCJakNþalcMnYnbIrUb. vaGaRs½yelIPaKIenAkñúg vívaT kñúgkarseRmcfaetI BYkeKcg;)anGaCJakNþalmYy b¤ bIrUb. RbsienebIBYkeKminÉkPaBelIRbkarenHeT GaCJa

59 38 Cours Albert 1er, Paris 75008, France



130

kNþalnwgRtUvEtgtaMgeday ICC. RbeTsCaeRcInmanKN³kmµaFikarCati ICC mYy EdlmanbBa¢IeQµaHGaCJa kNþalrbs;xøÜn. RbsinebIPaKIkñúgvívaT mineRCIserIsedayxøÜnÉgeTenaH ICC nwgeRCIserIsGaCJakNþalmYyrUb BIkñúgbBa¢Irbs;KN³kmµaFikarCatiénPaKIEdlBak;B½n§. GaCJakNþalTIbI EdlCaRbFan nwgRtUvEtgtaMgeday ICC. GaRs½ytambTb,BaØtþi RbFanGaCJakNþal RtUvEtmkBIRbeTsEdlmankþIRtUvvínicä½y RbsinebIenaHminEmnCa RbeTsénPaKINamYyenAkñúgvívaTenaHeT. bTb,BaØtþimYyepSgeTotKWfa RbFanGaCJakNþal KYrEtminmansBa¢ati énRbeTsNamYyénPaKIenAkñúgvívaTenaH.

ICC manelxaFikardæanGcié®nþy_mYy EdlRKb;RKgmCÄtþvinicä½ynImYy². enAkñúgrgVg;énbTb,BaØtþienH PaKITaMgenHmanesrIPaBenAkñúgkic©karEbbenH eTAtamCeRmIsrbs;GaCJakNþal c,ab;EdlenACaFrman nigTIkEnøg EdleFVImCÄtþvínicä½y. mCÄtþvínicä½yeday ICC GaceFVIeLIgenAkEnøgNamYyelIBiPBelak ehIyKµankarkMhitelI RbePTvívaTeLIy EdlGacdak;CUneTA ICC sRmab;kareFVImCÄtþvinicä½y b¤ GMBIbuKÁl b¤ sßab½nmYy EdlGacCa PaKIenAkñúgvívaT.

2> bTb,BaØtþimCÄtþvinicä½yrbs; KN³kmµkarshRbCaCatiTTYlbnÞúkkic©karc,ab; BaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati (UNCITRAL)

enAqñaM 1976 UNCITRAL )anGnum½t bTb,BaØtþimCÄtþvinicä½yrbs; UNCITRAL. bTb,BaØtþienH RtUv)anbegáIteLIgsRmab;TaMgesdækic©TIpSar nigesdækic©EpnkarkNþal enAkñúgTaMgRbeTseCOnelOg nigRbeTs kMBugGPivDÆn_ nigsßitenAeRkamc,ab; common law ¬RbB½n§c,ab;tamEbbGg;eKøs¦ k¾dUcCaenAeRkamc,ab;sIuvíl pgEdr. enAeBleFVIesckþIRBagc,ab;enH UNCITRAL )anBicarNaGnusBaØamCÄtþivínicä½yEdlmanRsab; nigral; bTb,BaØtþimCÄtþvínicä½ysMxan;² enAkñúgtMbn;nanaenATUTaMgBiPBelak. bTb,BaØtþirbs; UNCITRAL minmanEcg GMBIrdæ)almCÄtþvínicä½yeLIy. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday sßab½nmCÄtþvínicä½y Gacpþl;esvakmµCa {GaCJaFrEtgtaMg} nigCYyPaKITaMgBIrenAkñúgnItivíFIEtgtaMg nig enAkñúgkrNIEdlmankarlM)ak. sßab½nmCÄtþvínicä½yCaeRcIn)aneRtom lkçN³edIm,IRKb;RKgrdæ)almCÄtþvínicä½yenAeRkambTb,BaØtþimCÄtþvínicä½½yrbs; UNCITRAL .

KYrEtkt;sMKal;pgEdrGMBI bTb,BaØtþimCÄtþvínicä½yénKN³kmµkaresdækic©GWr:ubénGgÁkarshRbCaCati (bTb, BaØtþiqñaM 1996 rbs; ECE) bTb,BaØtþisRmab;mCÄtþvínicä½yBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati énGtItKN³kmµkaresdækic©sh- RbCaCatisRmab;GasIu nigcugbUBa’ (bTb,BaØtþi ECAFE qñaM 1966) sBVéf¶enHkøayCa KN³kmµkaresdækic© nig sgÁmsRmab;GasIunig):asIuhVik (ESCAP); bTb,BaØtþiÉksNæansRmab;nItivíFIenAkñúgtulakarmCÄtþvínicä½yenAsPa- BaNiC¢kmµ énRbeTsCasmaCíkénRkumRbwkSaCMnYykaresdækic©eTAvíjeTAmk (bTb,BaØtþi CMEA qñaM 1974) nig

bTb,BaØtþimCÄtþvínicä½yGnþrTVIbGaemrik.



131

3> mCÄmNÐlmCÄtþvinicä½ydéTeTot RbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ )anbegáItmCÄmNÐlmCÄtþvínicä½yrbs;xøÜn. KN³kmµaFikarBieRKaHeyabl;c,ab;

GaRhVÚ-GasIu (AALCC) enARkugjÚedlI )anCYybegáItmCÄmNÐlRbcaMtMbn;sRmab;mCÄtþvínicä½yBaNiC¢kmµ enARkug kULaLaMBYenAkñúgqñaM 1978. mCÄmNÐlEbbenHmYyepSgeTot)ancab;epþImdMeNIrkarenARkugEKr kñúgqñaM 1984 ehIy mCÄmNÐlmYyepSgeTot k¾nwgbegáItenALaháÚs pgEdr.

bTb,BaØtþiEdlGnuvtþedaymCÄmNÐlenARkugkULaLaMBYr KW bTb,BaØtþimCÄtþvínicä½y UNCITRAL qñaM 1976 edaymankarEkERbmYycMnYn. PaKInanamanesrIPaBkñúgkareRCIserIsGaCJakNþalrbs;xøÜn dUcmanEcgenA kñúgbTb,BaØtþi UNCITRAL. RbsinebIBYkeKÉkPaBelICeRmIsGaCJakNþalEtmYyrUb b¤ elIRbFanGaCJakNþal enAkñúgkrNIEdlsalakþImanGaCJakNþalbIrUb karEtgtaMgnwgeFVIeLIgeday{GaCJaFreRCIstaMg} Edl)aneRCIserIs edayPaKIkñúgvívaT enAkñúgmaRtaénmCÄtþvínic©½yrbs;xøÜn. RbsinebIPaKITaMgBIreRCIstaMgmCÄmNÐlenaHCa {GaCaJ FreRCIstaMg} mCÄmNÐlenaHnwgeRCIserIsGaCJakNþal nig¼b¤RbFanGaCJakNþal BIkñúgbBa¢IGaCJakNþalrbs;xøÜn. kEnøgeFVImCÄtþvinicä½yGacenAkñúgRkugkULaLaMBYr b¤ enAkEnøgdéTeTot Edl)aneRCIserIsedayPaKITaMgBIr.

sPaBaNiC¢kmµCatiCaeRcIn)anbegáItsalakþIrbs;xøÜn. tulakarmCÄtþvinicä½yRkugLúg (LCA) Edl)an karCYy]btßmÖBIsPaBaNiC¢kmµRkugLúg saCÍvkmµRkugLúg nigvíTüasßanmCÄtþvinicä½yFmµnuBaØ seRmc)anPaBelc eFøaCaGnþrCati. LCA GacedIrtYenAkñúgkrNITaMgkñúgRsuk nigGnþrCati.

salakþIl,Il,ajmYyepSgeTotKWvíTüasßanmCÄtþvínicä½yénsPaBaNiC¢kmµRkugsþúkhUm Edl)anbegáIt eLIgenAqñaM 1917. 60

RbeTscin)anbegáItsalakþImCÄtþvínicä½ymYyenAkñúgqñaM 1954. edaymanPaBl,Il,ajtaMgBIqñaM 1980 mkfaCa KN³kmµkarmCÄtþvínicä½yesdækic© nigBaNiC¢kmµbreTs salakþIenHkMBugEtmanPaBelceFøapgEdr. RbTscink¾manKN³kmµkarmCÄtþvinicä½ykardwkCBa¢ÚntamsmuRTpgEdr EdlmanÉkeTselIvívaTénkardwkCBa¢Ún tamsmuRT. sMNMulkçN³sMxan;²énmCÄtþvínicä½yenAeRkambTb,BaØtþirbs;RbeTscinKWfa karsRmuHsRmYledIrtY y:agsMxan;CagmCÄtþvinicä½ypøÚvkareTAeTot. enAeRkamnItivíFImYy salakþIenHnwgBüayameFVIkarsRmuHsRmYlPaKI EdlminÉkPaBKña ehIyeFVIkarseRmcedayxøÜnÉg EtkñúgkrNIEdlkarBüayamsRmuHsRmYlmin)anTTYleCaK C½y. enAeRkamnItivíFImYyepSgeTot PaKInImYy²eRCIstaMgRkummCÄtþvínicä½ypÞal;xøÜn EdlnwgGnuvtþnItivíFIsRmuH sRmYlenAkñúgkrNIEdlmanvívaT. manEtkñúgkrNIEdlviFIenHminGacseRmceCaKC½yEtb:ueNÑaH EdlvívaTnwgRtUv edaHRsaytammCÄtþvínicä½yCapøÚvkar. eRkABIenH k¾mansalakþIdéTeTot Edl)anbegáIteLIgenAeRkamGFibtIénsmaKmBaNiC¢kmµpgEdr. ]TahrN_ FOSFA ¬shB½n§énsmaKmeRbgrukçCati nigxøaj;¦ nig GAFTA ¬smaKmBaNiC¢kmµRKab;FBaØCati nig 60 víTüasßanenHRtUv)aneRbIR)as;Cajwkjab; sRmab;edaHRsayvívaTrvagshRKasnana BIGtItGWr:ubxagekIt nigbNþaRbeTsEdlmanesdækic©Gnþrkal CaBiess CamYyshrdæGaemrik .



132

cMNIstV¦ Edlpþl;mCÄtþvínicä½y eTAtamlkçxNÐsþg;darrbs;xøÜn. kareRbIR)as;smaKmBaNiC¢kmµEbbenHman GtßRbeyaCn_mYycMnYn eRBaHfaBYkeK)andwgGMBIRbéBNI nigkareRbIR)as;BaNiC¢kmµCak;lak;rbs;BYkeK. smaKmmCÄtþvínicä½yGaemrik (AAA) minedIrtYCaGaCJakNþaleLIy b:uEnþRKb;RKgrdæ)almCÄtþvínicä½y edaymankarÉkPaBBIPaKIenAkñúgTMnas;. smaKmenHk¾manRkumGaCJakNþalpgEdr. AAA manbTb,BaØtþiBIr EbbKW bTb,BaØtþimCÄtþvínicä½yBaNiC¢kmµsRmab;vívaTBaNiC¢kmµFmµta nigbTbBa¢amCÄtþvínicä½y]sSahkmµsagsg; sRmab;vívaTEdlekItecjBIkarsagsg; nigkic©snüavísVkmµ.

CYnkalsalakþImCÄtþvínicä½yBiess k¾RtUv)abbegáItpgEdr sRmab;RbePTBiessénmCÄtþvínicä½y. ]Ta hrN_ enAeRkamGFibtIénFnaKarGnþrCatisRmab;karsþar nigGPivDÆn_ ¬FnaKarBiPBelak¦ enARkugv:asIunetan DIsIu GnusBaØaGnþrCatiBiessmYysRmab;vívaTelIkarvínieyaKRtUv)anbegáIteLIg. GnusBaØaenH nigmCÄtþvínicä½y vívaT RtUv)ancat;EcgeLIgeday ICSID ¬mCÄmNÐlGnþrCatisRmab;edaHRsayvívaTelIkarvínieyaK¦ EdlsßitenA eRkamsmtßkic©énFnaKarBiPBelak. TidæPaBBiessén ICSID sßitenARtg;fa y:agehacNas;PaKImYyenAkñúg kic©snüa EdlBak;B½n§nwgvívaT RtUvEtCardæmYy b¤ Casßab½nmYyrbs;rdæ.

g matikaénRbkarsþIBImCÄtþvinicä½y

maRtasþIBImCÄtþvínicä½y mincaM)ac;sMajaMueLIy b:uEnþKYrEtpSMeday ³ esckþIRbkasGMBI\T§iBlEdlral;vívaTTaMgGs;ekItecjBIkic©snüa nwgRtUvedaHRsay tamry³mCÄtþ

vínicä½y RbsinebIdMeNaHRsayedaysnþivíFIminGacseRmc)aneT .

kareRCIstaMgGgÁPaBrdæ)al.

cMnYnGaCJakNþalEdlRtUvEtgtaMg

TIkEnøgeFVImCÄtþvínicä½y

PasaénmCÄtþvínicä½y

c,ab;EdlenACaFrman.

ICC elIkesñIbBa©ÚleTAkñúgkic©snüanUvmaRtaGMBImCÄtþvínicä½ydUcteTA ³ {ral;vívaTEdlekItman Tak;TgCamYy kic©snüasBVenH nwgRtUvedaHRsayenAeRkambTb,BaØtþiénkarsRmuHsRmYl nigmCÄtþvínicä½y énsPaBaNiC¢kmµ GnþrCati edaymanGaCJakNþalmYy b¤eRcIn Edl)aneRCIstaMg RsbtambTb,BaØtþiEdlmanEcgRsab;}.

bTb,BaØtþimCÄtþvínicä½y UNCITRAL elIkesñI[mankareRbIR)as;maRtadUcteTA ³ {ral;vívaT PaBcRmUg cRmas; b¤ kartv:a EdlekItecjBI b¤ EdlTak;TgCamYy kic©snüaenH b¤ karrMelaPelIsuBlPaB b¤ GsuBlPaBén kic©snüaenH nwgRtUvedaHRsay tamry³mCÄtþvínicä½y RsbtambTb,BaØtþi UNCITRAL EdlenAmanCaFrman}.



133

c karGnuvtþsalRkm

enAeBlEdlsalRkménmCÄtþvinicä½y b¤ karvínicä½ymYyrbs;tulakarbreTs )aneFVIeLIg PaKIGñkQñHRtUv CRmujkarGnuvtþsalRkmenaH RbsinebIPaKIGñkcaj; minmanectnaRbtibtþieTenaH. edaysar tamFmµta PaKI Gñkcaj;rs;enAkñúgRbeTsepSg eKGacRbTHbBaðaelIkarGnuvtþsalRkm.

manGnusBaØaGnþrCatisMxan;²cMnYnBIrsþIBIkarGnuvtþsalRkm. enaHKW {GnusBaØaRkughSWENv} nig{Gnu sBaØaRkugjÚvyk}.

GnusBaØaRkughSWENv manbBa©Úl GnusBaØa ¬1923¦ nig BiFIsar ¬1927¦. RbeTsmYycMnYn)anpþl; sc©ab½nelIÉksarTaMgBIrenH. enAeRkamÉksarTaMgBIrenH salRkmGacGnuvtþ)anenAkñúgtulakarmUldæan kñúg krNIEdlmaRtamCÄtþvínicä½yenH RtUv)ancat;TukfamansuBlPaBenAeRkamc,ab;kñúgmUldæan. 61 karGnuvtþnwgRtUv bdiesF RbsinebIsalRkmEdlecj manPaBpÞúynwg {eKalneya)aysaFarN³} énRbeTsEdlenAkñúgenaH man karesñIsMu[GnuvtþsalRkmenaH.

RbeTsmYycMnYn)anpþl;sc©ab½nelI GnusBaØaRkugjÚvyksþIBI karTTYlsÁal; nigkarGnuvtþsalRkmmCÄtþ vínicä½ybreTs ¬1958¦ b:uEnþrdæxøHeTot)anpþl;sc©ab½nelIGnusBaØaenH edaydak;lkçxNÐ[mankareKarBdUcKña enH BIrdædéTeTotpgEdr. kñúgeBlEdlGnusBaØaRkughSWENv )anEp¥kelIPaBmanTAmanmk EdleFVI[vamanPaB caM)ac;edIm,IcuHkic©RBmeRBogeTVPaKI rvagRbeTsnana EdlmanbMNgkñúgkarGnuvtþGnusBaØaenHCamYyKña CaeKal-karN_ GnusBaØaRkugjÚvyk mankarBak;B½n§sRmab;ral;salRkmbreTs Edl)aneFVIeLIgenAkñúgEdndIénrdæepSg eTotEdlCasmaCík. 62

q éføcMNayelImCÄtþvínicä½y

mCÄtþvínicä½y RtUvcMNayeRcIn CaBiess RbsinebItémøenAkñúgvívaTmankRmitx<s;. ICC manGRtaénkar ykéføQñÜlrdæ)al nigéføQñÜlsRmab;GaCJakNþal. kardak;R)ak;tMkl; eyagtamGRtaenH RtUvEteFVIeLIgmunnwg nItivíFIGaccab;epþIm)anpgEdr.

]TahrN_ ³ RbsinebIcMnYnTwkR)ak;kñúgvívaTmanticCag 25>000 duløaGaemrik éføQñÜlrdæ)alnwgman 3° ehIy éføQñÜlGaCJakNþal nwgmanrhUtdl; 10°. RbsinebIcMnYnTwkR)ak;kñúgvívaTmanrvag 10 landuløa nig

61 KYrkt;sMKal;fa karGnuvtþmaRtaTaMgenH GaRs½yelIPaBmaneTAmanmk Edlpþl;edayRbeTsenaH EdlenAkñúgenaH PaKImYyeTotCaGñkrs;enAkñúg RbeTsenaH. 62 GnusBaØaRkugjÚvyk Ecgfa salRkmmCÄtþvínicä½ynwgRtUvdak;[Gnuvtþ elIkElgEtvaminbMeBjtamlkçNÐxøH²EdlmanEcgc,as; dUcCa kic©RBm eRBogmCÄtþvínicä½y KYrEtmansuBlPaB.



134

100 landuløaGaemrik éføQñÜlrdæ)alnwgman 0/05° ehIyéføQñÜlGaCJakNþalnwgman rvag 0/1° nig 0/15°. tamFmµta éføcMNayelImCÄtþvínicä½ynwgRtUvecjedayPaKIGñkcaj;.

C nItiviFItulakar nigkareRbobeFobCamYymCÄtþvinicä½y

mCÄtþvínicä½ymanGtßRbeyaCn_mYycMnYn EdlmansuBlPaBx<s;CagtulakarCati kñúgnamCaevTikamYy sRmab;edaHRsayvívaTBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati.

tamry³mCÄtþvínicä½y vívaTGacRtUvedaHRsaytamry³nItivíFICalkçN³ÉkCn Edl)anÉkPaBedayPaKI TaMgBIr. PaKITaMgBIrÉkPaBeKarBtamesckþIseRmcrbs;GaCJakNþal EdlmanGanuPaBdUcCac,ab; nig GacGnuvtþ)an tamTRmg;dUcKñanwgsalRkmtulakarpgEdr.

ecARkmenAkñúgtulakarrdæ nwgRtUvEtmansBa¢atidUcKña nwgsBa¢atiénPaKImYyenAkñúgvívaT. dUcKñaenHEdr tamFmµta karedaHRsayxagpøÚvc,ab;eFVIeLIgenAkñúgRbeTsenH nigCaPasaén b¤mYyRbeTsGñknaMcUl b¤ mYyénRbeTsGñknaMecj. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday mCÄtþvínicä½yGaceFVI)an edayyknUvCeRmIsénPasa EdlminlMeGogeTArkxagNamYy ehIyGaCJakNþal ¬b¤RbFanéntulakarmCÄtþvínicä½y¦ Edlminman sBa¢atidUcCaPaKINamYyenAkñúgvívaTenaHeLIy.

kñúgeBlEdlnItivíFIenAkñúgtulakarCati CanItivíFIsaFarN³ nItivíFImCÄtþvínicä½yCanItivíFIÉkCn nigmanEt PaKITaMgBIrb:ueNÑaH TTYlc,ab;cmøgénkarseRmcenAkñúgmCÄtþvínicä½yenH.

enAkñúgnItivíFImCÄtþvínicä½y PaKITaMgBIrGaceRCIstaMgGñkCMnajkarGaCJakNþalenAkñúgvís½yEdlmanvívaT.

ecARkmenAkñúgtulakarCati RtUveKarBtambTb,BaØtþiénnItivíFIy:agtwgrwug. PaKIEdlCab;enAkñúgnItivíFI mCÄtþvínicä½y GaceRCIserIsyknItivíFIbt;Ebn)an EdlEktRmUveTAtamkal³eTs³énkrNIenaH. dUcKña enHEdr GaCJakNþalmanesrIPaBeRcInCagecARkmCati enAkñúgkarseRmcGMBIbTb,BaØtþi sþIBIniymn½y smRsbbMput CaBiess RbsinebIBYkeKmansiT§iGMNac “dMeNaHRsayedaysnþivíFI” EdlGac[BYkeK eFVIkarseRmcRsbtameKalkarN_énsuPvínicä½y nigkaredaHRsayedayyutþiFm’ .

krNIenAkñúgtulakarrbs;rdæ karCMnMuCRmHTamTareBlEvgCagy:ageRcIn. elIsBIenH karseRmceday tulakarrdæ CaTUeTAGacbþwgeLIgeTA]T§rN_ y:agehacNas;mYylMdab;eTot nigCYnkalrhUtdl;tulakar kMBUl dUecñHnaM[ry³eBledaHRsaykan;EtEvg. pÞúÞúyeTAvíj salRkmmCÄtþvínicä½y CaeKalkarN_ KWCa karseRmccugeRkay dUecñHminGacbþwg]T§rN_)aneLIy.

CaTUeTA nItivíFImCÄtþvinicä½ypþl;CalT§pl EdlnaMeTArkkaredaHRsayedaysnþivíFI.

tameKalkarN_TUeTA salRkmmCÄtþvínicä½y gayRsYlGnuvtþCagkarseRmcedaytulakareRkamc,ab; Cati.



135

CMBUk 24

tYnaTIrbs;m®nþItMNagBaNiC¢kmµ enAkñúgvivaTBaNiC¢kmµ

k esckþIepþIm

eTaHCay:agNak¾eday PaKIEdlRbugRby½tñenAkñúgRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati BüayamGnuvtþtam karebþCJarbs;xøÜn vívaTkñúgBaNiC¢kmµ karminÉkPaBKña b¤ bNþwgtv:a nigbNþwgtb ekItecjBIkarbkRsayxusKñaén katBVkic©enAkñúgkic©snüa .l. EdlnwgekIteLIg. Cajwkjab; vaekIteLIgedaysarPaBxusKñaénRbéBNI c,ab; CMnYj nignItivíFI b¤ karbkERbPasa k¾dUcCa edaysarmUlehtuEdlsßitenAeRkAkarRKb;RKgénPaKITaMgBIr.

ebIeTaHCabBaðaenHKWsRmab;PaKITaMgBIredIm,IedaHRsayrvagxøÜnÉgk¾eday GñkTMngCaRtUv)anesñIsMu[cUl eTAkñúgvívaTEbbenH. vívaTBaNiC¢kmµCaeRcInekItecjBIkaryl;xusbnþicbnþÜcBIKñaeTAvíjeTAmk EdlGñkGacCYy edaHRsay)anedaygayRsYl. GñkKYrEteRtomxøÜnedIm,ICYyenAkñúgkaredaHRsaybNþwgEdlmanPaBsµúKsµajCag enH énTMnas;plRbeyaCn_enAkñúgTMnak;TMngBaNiC¢kmµeTAGnaKt. enAkñúgkrNInImYy² tYnaTIrbs;Gñk KYrEtCa GnþrkarIEdlKµanlMeGog b¤ CaCnkNþalEdlesµaHRtg;. GñkminRtUvbgðajcMNab;GarmµN_fa Gñkmanmuxgar b¤ GMNacNamYy Edlman\T§iBlmkelIlT§plénvívaTeLIy b¤ faGñkGacedIrtYCaGaCJakNþal)anenaHeLIy.

“minRtUvsakl,gpþl;eyabl;GMBIsßanPaBénkrNImYyeLIy. minRtUvpþl;r)aykarN_rbs;GñkEdlT ak;Tgnwgkal³eTs³nanaénkrNINamYy eTAPaKINamYyeLIy. RtUvEtsMEdgGakb,kiriyanwgn enAkñúg karpþl;Gnusasn_nana EdlGñkGaceFVIeLIgcMeBaHGñkenAkñúgvívaTenaH.}

CaeKalkarN_ eKaledArbs;GñkKW CYykñúgkarbM)at;karyl;xus nigedIm,IelIkTwkcitþdl;PaKITaMgBIr edIm,I edaHRsayPaBxusKñarbs;BYkeK tamry³karcrcaedaysnþivíFI EdlnaMeTArkkaredaHRsayedaysnþivíFI. RtUvkMhit CMnYyrbs;GñkRtwmkic©RbwgERbgeRkApøÚvkar nigCakarsRmuHsRmYlEtb:ueNÑaH.

x eKalkarN_ENnaMsRmab;skmµPaBdMbUg



136

enAkñúgRBMEdnkMNt;xagelI cUrRbkan;ykCMhrvíC¢man nigmanRbeyaCn_. eKalkarN_ENnaMxageRkamenH GacsmRsb.

b¤mYyenAmunkarGnuvtþnItivíFI enAkñúgtMENgfµÍrbs;Gñk b¤ Pøam²enAeRkaykarmkdl;rbs;Gñk.

- cUrBinitüemIlfaetIsn§isBaØamitþPaB BaNiC¢kmµ nignavacr b¤ kic©RBmeRBogRbEhlKñaenH enA manCaFrmanrvagRbeTseyIg nigRbeTsCam©as;pÞHb¤eT nigfaetIvamanmaRtaEdlTak;TgeTA nwgvívaTkñúgBaNiC¢kmµEdrb¤eT. RbsinebIman GñkKYrEtdwg nigGnuvtþeTAtammaRtaEdlBak;B½n§.

- EsVgyl;GMBIfaetIRbeTsCam©as;pÞHrbs;Gñk KWCahtßelxIénGnusBaØaRkughSWENv b¤ GnusBaØa RkugjÚvyk nigfaetIRbeTseyIg)anpþl;sc©ab½nelIGnusBaØaNamYy b¤GnusBaØaTaMgBIrenHEdr b¤eT. enAkñúgkrNIénGnusBaØaRkughSWENv cUrBinitüemIlfaetIRbeTseyIgmancuHkic©RBmeRBog eTVPaKIelIPaBmaneTAmanmkCamYyRbeTsCam©as;pÞHrbs;GñkEdrb¤eT.

CRmuHecal niglubbM)at;bNþwgminsMxan; nigkMbiukkMb:ukEdlbgðajc,as; bBa¢ÚnCabnÞan;nUvesckþIlMGiténbNþwgtv:aF¶n;F¶rNamYyEdl)anbBa¢ÚnmkGñk BIGñkbþwg eTAPaKImYyepSg

eTot edaycmøgmYyc,ab;eTAsßanTUtrbs;eyIg

kMNt;GMBIPaBCak;EsþgénkrNItamEtGñkGaceFVI)an. RbkarenHGacTamTar[mankaresIubGegátlMGit kan;EteRcInbEnßmeTot PsþútagCaÉksar .l.

cUrBüayameFVIGtþsBaØaNmUldæansRmab;karedaHRsayedaysnþivíFIrvagPaKITaMgBIr RbsinebIdMeNaHRsayedaysnþivíFIminGacseRmc)aneT cUrelIkesñIkarsRmuHsRmYl

RbsinebIkarsRmuHsRmYlminGacTTYlyk)anedayPaKINamYy b¤PaKITaMgBIreTenaH cUrBinitüemIlfaetI enAeRkamkic©snüaenaHmanTamTar[GnuvtþmCÄtþvínicä½yEdrb¤eT. ebIKµaneT cUrelIkesñI[mannItivíFImCÄtþ vínicä½ysmRsbEdlPaKITaMgBIrGacTTYlyk)an

cUrkMuelIkesñI[cat;víFankartampøÚvc,ab;enAkñúgtulakarCati elIkElgEtCaCeRmIscugeRkay.

K RbePTénbNþwg nigrebobedaHRsaybNþwgTaMgenaH bNþwgGacmanRbPBedImCamYy ³

GñknaMcUlkñúgmUldæan Tl;nwgGñknaMecjenAkñúgRbeTseyIg

GñknaMecjenAmUldæan Tl;nwgGñknaMcUlenAkñúgRbeTseyIg

GñknaMecjkñúgRbeTseyIg Tl;nwgGñknaMcUlenAmUldæan

GñknaMcUlenAkñúgRbeTseyIg Tl;nwgGñknaMecjenAmUldæan



137

GgÁPaBÉkCn b¤ GgÁPaBrdæmYy enAkñúgRbeTsNamYy enAelIkic©karénkarrMelaPelIkmµsiT§i]sSahkmµ b¤kmµsiT§ixagbBaØa.

TIPñak;garenAkñúgRbeTsNamYy Tak;Tgnwgkic©karnana dUcCa ³ - GFikarkic© kareFVIEtsþ b¤ karGegátTMnij

- karRbmUlbMNulF¶n;F¶r - karlk;bnÞan; nig

- cMNat;kartampøÚvc,ab;RbsinebIman.

1> bNþwgrbs;GñknaMcUlenAmUldæan Tl;nwgGñknaMecjenAkñúgRbeTseyIg enAeBlmanbNþwgmYyeFVIeLIgedayGñknaMcUlenAkñúgmUldæan EdlTak;Tgnwg b¤mYyTMnijEdlbBa¢Únmk

nig¼b¤ esvakmµEdlpþl; b¤ sIlFm’ karGnuvtþ b¤ karRbRBwtþénGñknaMecjenAkñúgRbeTseyIg cUrsMu[GñkbþwgRbmUl pþMúÉksarGMBIkrNIenaH nigerobcMCaCMhannana EdlKat;)anGnuvtþrYcmkehIyedIm,IedaHRsaykic©karenaH.

CYnkal bNþwg b¤ kartv:a Tl;nwgGñknaMecj )aneFVIeLIgenAeRkaymankarbdiesFelI bNþwgCMTas;nwg navaEdlBak;B½n§ b¤ CMTas;nwgGñkFanakñúgeKalneya)ayFanar:ab;rgtamsmuRT. enAeBlsgS½yfamankarxVHxat karxUcxat b¤xUcKuNPaB GñknaMecjKYrEt {cat;kar dUcCa minmankarFanar:ab;rg} nigRtUveFVIbNþwgPøam² Rsbtam Tmøab;GnuvtþenAkMBg;Ep edIm,ICMTas;nwgnava nigTTUc[mankarGegátmYyenAeBlEdlnavaeFVIkarepÞrTMnij. karxk xanmincat;víFankarPøam² GñknaMcUlmYyGac)at;bg;siT§irbs;xøÜnCMnas;nwgnavaenaH ehIyRbsinebIkarGegátmin)an eFVIeLIgsmRsb nigTan;eBlevlaeTenaH Kat;minGaceFVIkarTamTarenAeRkameKalneya)ayFanar:ab;rg)aneLIy . CaCeRmIscugeRkay Kat;GaceFVIkartv:a b¤ bþwgTl;nwgGñkbBa¢ÚnGIv:an;EdlBak;B½n§.

kartv:a b¤ bNþwg EdlTak;TgnwgKuNPaB eRcInEteFVIeLIg edayEp¥kelIlixitbBa¢ak;KuNPaB. ebIeTaHCa ecjedaynaykdæankaMkugRtUl b¤edayGgÁPaBepSgeTotk¾eday lixitTaMgenaH EdltamFmµtaP¢ab;CamYyÉksar bBa¢ÚnTMnij manbBa¢ak;GMBIKuNPaB niglkçxNÐénTMnijenAkñúgeBlbBa¢Ún. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday bNþwgPaKeRcIn Tak;TgeTAnwgKuNPaBénTMnijenAkñúgeBlepÞr b¤enAeBleRkayeTot. tamFmµta GñknaMecjr:ab;rg karTTYlxus RtUvEtenAkñúgkarFanafa TMnijmanlkçN³Rsbtamkic©snüa enAeBldak;cUleTAkñúgnava ehIytamFmµta kic©snüarbs;BYkeKmanEcgEbbenaH.

RbsinebIbNþwgTMngCamanlkçN³Rsbc,ab; nigmanxøwmsarFMdMu cUrsMu[Gñkbþwg[dak;CUnesckþI bBa¢ak;lMGitbEnßmeTot .

1>1 eQµaH nigGasydæanénPaKITaMgGs;EdlBak;B½n§ nigtYnaTIrbs;eKerog²xøÜnenAkñúgRbtibtþikarenaH .

1>2 RbePTénRbtibtþikar nigplitplEdlBak;B½n§ .



138

1>3 kMNt;RtaeBleljeTAtamlMdab;énkalbriecäTGMBIRbtibtþikar EdlrYmTaMgB½t’mansþIBI ³ 1>1>1 kalbriecäTEdlenAkñúgenaHmankarbBa¢ÚnTMnijBIRbeTseyIg nig)anTTYlenAkñúgEdndIenaH 1>1>2 eQµaHnava 1>1>3 ry³eBl niglkçxNÐénkarrkSaTuk enAmunmankarGegátNamYyEdlGacmaneFVIeLIg

1>1>4 mUlehtunana RbsinebIman énkarBnüaeBl RbsinebIry³eBlrvagkalbriecäTénkarbBa¢Ún TMnij nigkardak;bNþwgmanEvg nig

1>1>5 eQµaHnigesckþIlMGitGMBIGaCJaFrecjesckþIbBa¢ak;NamYy b¤ GñkGegátEdlBak;B½n§ .

1>2 c,ab;cmøgGMBIkareqøIyqøgnana nigÉksarEdlBak;B½n§déTepSgeTot EdlrYmTaMg b:uEnþminRtwmEt ³ 1>2>1 b½NÑbBa¢ÚnTMnij b¤ ÉksardwkCBa¢ÚnepSgeTot 1>2>2 víkyb½Rt

1>2>3 lixitBa¢ak;GMBIkarGegát b¤ GFikarkic© 1>2>4 karFana[mankarRbKl;tamkarrMBwgTuk nig

1>2>5 r)aykarN_énkarGegát.

1>3 esckþIsegçbGMBIcMNucxusKña kic©RbwgERbgEdl)aneFVIeLIg edIm,I[mandMeNaHRsay nigkareFVIsm,Tan nigsßanPaBseRmc)an

1>4 RbePT nigvísalPaBénPaBeBjcitþEdlTTYl)an eRkamPaBCasac;R)ak; b¤ epSgeTot

1>5 enAkñúgkrNIEdlmankarminÉkPaBKñaCabnþ faetIGñkbþwgGacÉkPaBeTAnwgkarsRmuHsRmYl b¤ eTAnwg mCÄtþvínicä½yEdrb¤eT ehIyRbsinebImankarÉkPaB RtUvBinitüemIlfaetInItivíFIEbbNaénmCÄtþvínicä½y b¤ karsRmuHsRmYl EdlGac[BYkeKTTYlyk)an.

enAeBlEdlGñkKitfa GñkmanB½t’maneBjeljehIyenaH cUrepJIc,ab;cmøgénesckþIbBa¢ak; nigÉksarrbs;

Gñkbþwg edaybkERbRbsinebIcaM)ac; eTA[ MoC b¤ TPO enAkñúgRbeTseyIg. enAkñúglixitEdlP¢ab;CamYy cUrsresrbgðajxøI²Casegçb edayepþatelIsßanPaB nigbBa¢ak;GMBIcMNat;kar EdlGñkKitfaGaceFVIeTA)an b¤Edl KYreFVI. cUreFVI[R)akdfa karsegátrbs;GñknwgCYyGaCJaFrrbs;eyIgGnuvtþkaresIubGegátEdlcaM)ac;.

2> bNþwgedayGñknaMecjkñúgmUldæan Tl;nwgGñknaMcUlenAkñúgRbeTseyIg enAeBlmanbNþwgedayGñknaMcUlenAmUldæan tamFmµta GñkKYrEtelIkesñI[Kat;naMykkic©karenaHeTAbþwg

enAebskkmµkarTUtxagEpñkBaNiC¢kmµrbs;RbeTsKat;enAkñúgRbeTseyIg. sßanebskkmµenaHRbEhlCanwgedaH Rsaykic©karenHtamvíFImYyRbEhlKñaeTAnwgGVIEdl)anbkRsayxagelI.

eTaHCay:agNak¾eday enAkñúgkal³eTs³minRbRktI Edlmanpþl;Ca]TahrN_xageRkam GñkGacman GarmµN_fa rUbGñkmankatBVkic©edIm,ICYy kñúgkrNIEdl ³



139

2>1 rdæaPi)alCam©as;pÞHBMumantMNagenAkñúgRbeTseyIg b¤ minmankareqøIytb b¤ minGac b¤ minmanqnÞ³ eqøIytb

2>2 GñkKitfaKYrEtCYyedIm,IrkSa b¤ BRgwgGñkTak;TgsMxan;²enAkñúgmUldæan nigkarGPivDÆBaNiC¢kmµeTAvíj eTAmk

2>3 brikçarsMxan;² b¤ vtßúFatuedIm BIRbPBepSgeTot minmanRKb;RKan; ehIyéfølk; b¤ ktþaénkarbBa¢ÚnBI RbPBepSgeTotminmanlkçN³GMeNaypl.

karykcitþTukdak;Rbkbedaysmancitþ enAkñúgRBMEdnéntYnaTIrbs;Gñk nigBicarNapgEdrGMBICMhrrbs;rdæa

Pi)aleyIgelIkic©karenH nwgGacelIkkMBs;muxmat;rbs;RbeTseyIg faCaédKUBaNiC¢kmµEdlGacTukcitþ)an.

3> bNþwgBIGñknaMecjkñúgRbeTseyIg Tl;nwgGñknaMcUlenAmUldæan GñkGacTTYl)anbNþwgEbbenH b¤mYyedaypÞal; b¤mYytamry³ MoC b¤ TPO enAkñúgRbeTseyIg.

RksYgnwgBinitüemIlbNþwg nigepÞógpÞat;esckþIBitmunnwgbBa¢ÚneTA[Gñk. enAkñúgkrNINamYy cUreFVI[R)akdfa GñkmanB½t’manTaMgGs; EdlGñkRtUvkar edIm,IeFVIkaredaHRsayCamYyGñknaMcUlenAmUldæan. RbsinebIBMumaneT RtUvsYrrkB½t’manTaMgenH.

bnÞab;mk GñkKYrEsVgrkkareFVIsmÖasedaypÞal; CamYyGñknaMcUl edIm,IbgðajkrNIenaH. pþl;[Kat;nUv esckþIlMGitTaMgmUlénbNþwgenaH. cUrBnül;fa kñúgeBlEdlGñkBMumansmtßkic©edIm,IeFVICaGaCJakNþal b¤ kat;kþI enAkñúgerOgenH rdæaPi)aleyIgmanectnaCYyedaHRsayral;vívaTxagBaNiC¢kmµedIm,ICaRbeyaCn_rbs;PaKIEdl Bak;B½n§ nigedIm,IrkSaTMnak;TMngBaNiC¢kmµ[manPaBcuHsRmugKña.

RbsinebIGñknaMcUlenAEtrkSaCMhrrbs;xøÜn cUresñIsMu[Kat;sresresckþIsegçbGMBITsSn³rbs;Kat; TnÞwm nwgÉksarKaMRTnana. RbsinebIKat;bdiesFminshkar cUrCUndMNwgeTAKat;tamlixitGnusidæ fakarmin)aneFVIEbb enHenAkñúgry³eBlsmrmü nwgtRmUv[GñkeFVIesckþIraykarN_GMBIkarbdiesFénkic©RbwgERbgrbs;GñkenAkñúgkar CYyenaH.

enAeBlGñk)ancat;RKb;víFankarEdlGaceFVI)an cUrraykarN_eTA MoC b¤ TPO enAkñúgRbeTs eyIg ehIybnÞab;mkpþl;B½t’mandUcteTA ³

3>1 eQµaH nigGasydæanénPaKITaMgGs;EdlBak;B½n§ nigtYnaTIrbs;BYkeKenAkñúgRbtibtþikarenaH 3>2 RbePTénRbtibtþikar ¬nigplitpl¦ EdlBak;B½n§ 3>3 RbePTénkrNIEdl)anbgðajedayGñkbþwgnigGñkeqøIytb¬KaMRTedayPsþútagCaÉksar RbsinebIman¦ 3>4 esckþIGFib,ayGMBIcMNat;karrbs;Gñk niglT§pl EdlrYmTaMglkçxNÐénsMeNIdMeNaHRsayNamYy



140

3>5 esckþIbkRsayGMBIktþaNamYyepSgeTot EdlTak;TgnwgkrNIenaH 3>6 raykarN_GMBIkRmitvaytémø\NTansBVéf¶énGñkeqøIytb nigPaKIEdlBak;B½n§déTeTotenAmUldæan

3>7 elIksMeNIGMBIcMNat;karteTAeTot enAeBlEdldMeNaHRsayedaysnþivíFITMngCaminGaceCaKC½y

3>8 TsSn³rbs;GñkGMBIsar³sMxan;énkrNIenH nigkarBak;B½n§rbs;va RbsinebIman sRmab;BaNiC¢kreyIg.

4> bNþwgBIGñknaMcUlenAkñúgRbeTseyIg Tl;nwgGñknaMecjenAmUldæan CadMbUg GñknaMcUlBIkñúgRbeTseyIgKYrEtbþwgeTAGñktMNagBaNiC¢kmµenAmUldæanénrdæaPi)alCam©as;pÞH

rbs;Gñk. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday RbsinebIbNþwgenH)aneFVIeLIgmkGñk cUrcat;víFankardUcteTA ³ 4>1 sYrGñknaMcUlGMBIesckþIlMGitTaMgmUlénRbtibtþikar nigÉksarBak;B½n§TaMgGs; EdlrYmTaMg b:uEnþminRtwm

Et ÉksardUcxageRkamenH ³ 4>1>1 r)aykarBIeFVIEtsþ 4>1>2 GFikarkic©enAeRkAEp b¤GFikarkic©déTeTot niglT§plrkeXIjdéTeTot

4>1>3 esckþIbBa¢ak;rbs;GñkGegát

4>1>4 r)aykarN_BIGñkbBa¢ÚnGIv:an; nig

4>1>5 lixitbBa¢ak;karelIkTMnij EdlecjedayGaCJaFrkMBg;Ep.l.

4>1 epJIc,ab;cmøgCabnÞan;eTAGñknaMecjenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk edayrkSaTukc,ab;edIm sRmab;cMNat;kartam pøÚvc,ab;EdlGacekItmaneTAGnaKt

4>2 BiPakSabBaða[)ansIuCeRmACamYyGñknaMecj

4>3 epJIeTA MoC b¤ TPO nigtamry³sßab½nenH epJIeTA[GñknaMcUlenAkñúgRbeTseyIg nUvr)aykarN_ segçbmYyGMBIsMeNIdMeNaHRsay RbsinebIman nigGnusasn_pÞal;xøÜnrbs;Gñk

4>4 CUndMNwgeTAGñkpÁt;pÁg;enAkñúgmUldæan GMBIkareqøIytbrbs;GñknaMcUlenAkñúgRbeTseyIg nigpþl;kic©Rbwg ERbg edIm,ITTYl)andMeNaHRsayedaysnþivíFI

4>5 BüayamkarBarplRbeyaCn_ry³eBlEvgrbs;GñkTij nigGñkpÁt;pÁg;kñúgRbeTseyIg nig¼b¤ Gñkplit edayBüayamEsVgrkdMeNaHRsayedaysnþivíFItamry³karTUt nigkarbBa©úHbBa©Úledays¶b;s¶at;

4>6 RbsinebIGñkeFVIkarsnñidæanfa karedaHRsayrvagKñanuUvvívaTenH minGaceFVI)aneT GñkGacelIkesñI[edaH RsayvívaTenH tamry³karsRmuHsRmYl nig RbsinebIenAEtbraC½y RtUveFVImCÄtþvínicä½y

4>7 RbsinebIkarsRmuHsRmYlb¤mCÄtþvínicä½yminGaceFVIeTA)aneT ehIykic©karenHRtUvbBa¢ÚneTAtulakarc,ab; enAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk GñkGacpþl;[GñknaMcUlenAkñúgRbeTseyIg nUveQµaHRkumh‘unc,ab;Edll,Il,aj enAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk



141

4>8 enAeBlEdlkic©karenHRtUvbþwgeTAtulakarc,ab;ehIy GñkKYrEtdkxøÜnecjBIkrNIenH elIkElgEtPaKI TaMgBIrÉkPaBfa edaHRsaykic©karenHenAeRkAtulakar edaymankarGnuBaØatBItulakar. eTaHCay:ag Nak¾eday GñkKYrEttamdankarvívtþ nigdak;CUnr)aykarN_cugeRkayGMBIlT§pl.

5> karrMelaPelIkmµsiT§ixagbBaØaelIEpñk]sSahkmµ karecaTRbkan;GMBIkarrMelaPelInikçtþsBaØa nigsiT§icmøg GacbwþgeTAGñk edIm,I[mankaresIubGegát. cUreFVI

r)aykarN_GMBIlT§pleTA TPO rbs;Gñk. edIm,IesIubGegátkrNINamYyRbePTenH GñkKYrEtmanB½t’mandUcteTA ³

5>1 eQµaHnwgGasydænrbs;Gñkbþwg nigPaKICaGñkkarBarxøÜn

5>2 cMNuclMGiténbNþwg

5>3 KMrU ¬b¤ rUbft¦ GMBIRbFanbTénbNþwg ¬plitpl nikçtþsBaØa b¤ KMnUr]sSahkmµ¦

5>4 vísalPaBEdlGñkbþwgcat;TukfaxøÜnsßiteRkamkic©karBar enAkñúgRbeTsxøÜn nigenAkñúgRbeTsdéT Edl rYmTaMgRbeTsmYyEdlGñkkMBugsßitenA nigc,ab;cmøgén):atg; nikçtþsBaØa b¤ siT§icmøgEdl)andkRsg;

5>5 r)aykarN_GMBICMhanEdl)aneFVIedayGñkbþwgedIm,ITb;sáat; b¤bBaÄb;karrMelaP niglT§pl.

karepÞógpÞat;GMBIkarecaTRbkan; eRcInEtRtUveFVIeLIgedayRbugRby½tñ. kareFVICatMNagcMeBaHmuxrdæaPi)alCa m©as;pÞH RbsinebI)anTTYlsiT§i GacCaRbkarcaM)ac;. dUcCaenAkñúgkaresIutGegátTRmg;déTeToténbNþwgpgEdr GñkKYrCUndMNwgeTA MoC b¤ TPO GMBIcMNat;karEdl)aneFVIrYcehIy lT§plEdlTTYl)an nigGMBIGnusasn_Na mYyedIm,Icat;kareTAGnaKt. enAeBlEdlRkumh‘unkñúgmUldæan b¤ rdæaPi)alCam©as;pÞHbþwgGMBIkarrMelaPenAkñúg RbeTseyIg cUrrk[)annUvesckþIlMGitRsedogKñanwgGVIEdl)anelIkesñIxagelI nigdak;CUnB½t’manenaHeTA MoC b¤ TPO sRmab;karBicarNa.

6> bNþwgdéTeTot enAkñúgkrNIEdlmanedaykRm GñkGac)anTTYlkaresñIsMuBIGñknaMcUl¼GñknaMecj edIm,IeFVIkarRtYtBinitü

b¤ GegátTMnij edIm,IRbmUlsac;R)ak;EdlenABMuTan;sg cat;Ecglk;TMnijEdlbdiesF eFVICaGaCJakNþalenAkñúg vívaT b¤ cat;EcgedIm,I[mannitivíFItampøÚvc,ab;. edaysarGñkminTMngCamansmtßkic© edIm,Ir:ab;rgkarTTYlxus RtYvenAkñúgkic©karTaMgenH GñkKYrEteCosvagBak;B½n§enAkñúgkic©karNamYyEbbenH.

cMNat;kardUcxageRkamenH RtUv)anelIkesñIeLIg.



142

6>1 eFVIkarRtYtBinitü Etsþ b¤ Gegát

cUrpþl;[PaKIEdlesñIsMunUvbBa¢IRkumh‘un b¤buKÁll,I² nigEdlmanKuNvuDÆi. GñkGaceFVIGtþsBaØaNBYkeKeday RtYtBinitüeQµaH CamYyPñak;garRtYtBinitüEpñkKy smaKmGñknaMcUl sPaBaNiC¢kmµ nigsmaKm]sSahkmµ EdlBak;B½n§. RbsinebIlT§PaBeFVIEtsþ b¤ karGegátsm,Ta minmanenAkñúgmUldæaneTenaH ehIyenHCaRbkarcaM)ac;Edlesva kmµEbbenHRtUvEteFVI[)anPøam² nigRbsinebIGñk)anTTYlsiT§iBIÉkGKÁrdæTUtrbs;eyIg[eFVIEbbenHtamkar esñIsMuénPaKITaMgBIrEdlBak;B½n§ GñkKYreRCIserIsRkumRbwkSamYyEdlmanmnusSRbkbedaysmtßPaBBIr b¤ bI nak; EdlmanPaBelceFøaenAkñúgshKmn_enH nigKYrEtmancMeNHdwgenAkñúgEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ edIm,IeFVIkaresIub Gegát nigeFVIr)aykarN_GMBIkarrkeXIjrbs;BYkeK. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday eKKYrEtbBa¢ak;[)anc,as;dl; PaKIkñúgvívaTCamunfa RkumRbwkSaEbbenH niglT§plénkarrkeXIjrbs;BYkeK GacmankarTTYlyktictYc b¤ KµanesaHtampøÚvc,ab; ehIyPaKIenAkñúgvívaTRtUvEtFanakarbg;éføsRmab;ral;karcMNayrbs;BYkeK.

GñkminKYrpþl;esvakmµenHedayxøÜnÉgeT b¤ enAkñúgkal³eTs³NamYyk¾eday minRtUvsMEdg

cMNab;GarmµN_NamYyfaGñkmansiT§iGMNacedIm,IeFVIkic©karenHeLIy. RbsinebI MoC b¤ TPO esñIsMu [GñkeFVIkarBinitüTMnijEdl)anbBa¢Únmk GñkKYrEtpþl;TsSn³ cMNab;GarmµN_ b¤ karrkeXIj rbs;Gñk GMBIbrimaN KuNPaB b¤ lkçxNÐ eTAEtGaCJaFrenHEtb:ueNÑaH.

6>2 karRbmUl

elIkElgEtmankarpþl;siT§i cUrkMNt;RBMEdnrbs;xøÜnGñkRtwmEtkarpþl;bBa¢IPñak;garRbmUlbMNulEdlman eQµaHl,I nigEdlmanKuNvuDÆiRKb;RKan;Etb:ueNÑaH. 6>3 karlk;kñúgeBlmanGasnñ enAeBlGñknaMcUlkñúgmUldæanEdlnaMcUlTMnijmkBIRbeTseyIg bdiesF b¤ minGacTTYlykTMnijenaH ehIy GñknaMecjsUm[GñkCYyenAkñúgkarcat;Ecg cUrpþl;CMnYyCabnÞan; CaBiess RbsinebITMnijenaHgayxUcxat b¤GacBak;B½n§CamYykarcMNayeRcInsRmab;karrkSaTuk. cUrCUndMNwgdl;GñkTijGMBIesckþIlMGiténTMnij nigGeBa¢IjBYkeK[elIksMeNIpþl; b¤ eFVIkarcrcaedaypÞal;Ca mYyGñkbBa¢ÚnGIv:an;. m:üagvíjeTot cUrpþl;[GñkbBa¢ÚnGIv:an;nUveQµaHGñkEdlmancMNab;GarmµN_. cUreCos vageFVIkarpSBVpSayGMBIéfø niglkçxNÐdéTeToténkic©snüa.

RbsinebIsßanPaB)anekIteLIgedaysarcMNat;karraMgxÞb; rbs;rdæaPi)alenAmUldæan dUcCa kar cUlmkénTMnijEdlkMBugEtenAkñúgdMeNIr b¤ pat;ecjGñkTijBIedImerogmk BIkarGnuvtþkatBVkic©tam kic©snüarbs;BYkeK cUrsMukarÉkPaBBIÉkGKÁrdæTUtmunnwgGñkeFVICatMNagenAcMeBaHmuxGaCJaFrmUldæan.



143

6>4 mCÄtþvínicä½yrbs;Gñk

bEnßmelItulakarmCÄtþvínicä½yEdll,Il,aj dUcEdl)anBiPakSaenAkñúgCMBUkBImunenH RbeTsxøHmansm,Ta sRmab;mCÄtþvínicä½yedayxøÜnÉg kñúgkaredaHRsayvívaTrvagRbCaBlrdærbs;RbeTsenaH nigPaKIenAkñúgkic© snüaenAkñúgRbeTsepSg enAkñúgRKb;saxaénBaNiC¢kmµbreTs. saxaxøHénBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati eRbIR)as; sßab½nmCÄtþvínicä½yÉkeTsnana. sPaBaNiC¢kmµenAmUldæan smaKmBaNiC¢kmµnigRkumRbhak;RbEhlKñaenH k¾pþl;sm,TamCÄtþvínicä½ypgEdrtamsþg;dar nignItivíFIxus²Kña enAkñúgmCÄmNÐlBaNiC¢kmµTUTaMgBiPBelak. PaKIenAkñúgvívaTEdl)anÉkPaBcMeBaHmCÄtþvínicä½y b:uEnþmanCeRmIsxusKñaelIsm,TasRmab;mCÄtþvínicä½y GacesñIsMueyabl;rbs;GñkelIkic©karenH. cUreyabl;edayEp¥kelIB½t’manCak;Esþg tamEtGñkGacTTYl)an. PaKeRcInénB½t’manenHnwg)anmkBIGgÁkarmCÄtþvínicä½yxøÜnÉg. elIsBIenH GñkKYrEtsMueyabl;BImnusSEdl mankarBinitüGMBIlkçxNÐsm,tþiénGgÁkarnana EdlBak;B½n§GMBIRbsiT§iPaBrbs;GgÁkarenaHkñúgnamCaGaCJa kNþal. enATIenHEdr r)aykarN_rbs;GñkKYrEtepJICUneTAGaCJaFrrbs;eyIg nigKYrbkRsayGMBIcMNucnana dUcCa ³

6>4>1 smtßPaBénGgÁkarenaHkñúgkarcuHbBa¢IGaCJakNþalEdlmansmtßPaB

6>4>2 sþg;dar nignItivíFIrbs;GgÁkarenaH 6>4>3 kitþinamrbs;GgÁkarenaHelIPaBKµanlMeGog ¬bgðajBIkrNIEbbenaH RbsinebIGaceFVI)an¦

6>4>4 lkçxNÐdMbUgrbs;GgÁkarenaH EdlTak;TgnwgkarGnuvtþmCÄtþvínicä½y

6>4>5 CMhrxagpøÚvc,ab; BaNiC¢kmµ nigTUeTA enAkñúgEdndIEdlmankarecjsalRkm

6>4>6 kar):an;RbmaNéføcMNaysRmab;PaKInImYy² edayminKitGMBIkarseRmccugeRkay b¤ salRkm

6>4>7 RbePT nigbrimaNénb½NÑbMNul b¤ b½NÑdéTeTotEdlbBa¢ak;BIsnþisuxxaghirBaØvtßú 6>4>8 TsSn³rbs;GñkGMBIehtuplrbs;BaNiC¢krkñúgmUldæan enAkñúgkarelIkesñIykGgÁPaBmCÄtþ

vínicä½yenaH nig

6>4>9 r)aykarN_GMBIsßanPaBhirBaØvtßúsBVéf¶énBaNiC¢krenAmUldæan rYmCamYykar):an;RbmaNGMBI GclRTBüEdlman edIm,IeqøIytbnwgsalRkmRbqaMgnwgKat;.

6>5 bNþwgvívaT

enARKb;kal³eTs³TaMgGs; cUreCosvagkarBak;B½n§edaypÞal; b¤RbeyalkñúgkarRbRBwtþénvívaTkñúgBaNiC¢kmµ eRkABIGnuvtþtamkaresñIxagelI.

“KµanehtuplNamYy sRmab;Gñk b¤ rdæaPi)aleyIg kñúgkarelIkesñI pþl;eyabl; b¤ elIkCaGnusasn_ [manskmµPaB EdlGacbkRsayfapÞúynwgplRbeyaCn_énPaKI NamYyeLIy.”



144

esckþIseRmcedIm,ITTYl)ansMNgtampøÚvc,ab; KWCarbs;edImbNþwgEtmYyb:ueNÑaH. enAkñúgkareqøIytbeTA nwgsMNYr EdlTak;TgnwgéføcMNay b¤ ry³eBlénnItivíFIc,ab; b¤ EdlTak;Tgnwgkic©kardéTeTot Bak;B½n§nwg bNþwgvívaT GñkGacpþl;bBa¢IeQµaHemFavÍEdlmansmtßPaB nigGacTukcitþ)an nigelIkesñI[elIsMNYreTA emFavÍNamYykñúgcMeNamGñkenAkñúgbBa¢IenaH.



DRAFT 11/28/2004

CMBUk 25

RbB½n§c,ab;Cati nigkareFVI[ cuHsRmugCamYyc,ab;GnþrCati

k c,ab;kñúgRsuk RbeTsnImYy²manRbB½n§c,ab;rbs;xøÜn. tamFmµta c,ab;enAfñak;CatinImYy²mansmasPaKcMnYnBIr KW c,ab;ÉkCn nig saFarN³ b¤ c,ab;rdæ)al. c,ab;ÉkCn begáItCaRkbx½NÐEdlkMNt;rUbvnþbuKÁlnignItibuKÁl TMnak;TMngrvagKña nigkaredaHRsay TMnas;rvagEpñkTaMgBIrenH. c,ab;saFarN³ b¤ c,ab;rdæ)al KWCac,ab;Edlrdædak;kMhitmkelITMnak;TMngrvagrUbvnþ nignItibuKÁl nig TMnak;TMngrvagEpñkTaMgBIrenHCamYyrdæ.

# enAkñúgRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµrvagGñknaMecj nigGñknaMcUl ³

c,ab;ÉkCnEcgGMBIkarbegáIt nigdMeNIrkar énkic©snüanaMecj¼naMcUl nig

c,ab;saFarN³ b¤ c,ab;rdæ)al EcgGMBIBaNiC¢kmµbreTs.

1> c,ab;ÉkCn c,ab;enH EcgGMBI ³

1>1 karbegáItkic©snüalk;¬EdlrYmTaMgkarkMNt;GMBIPaKI esckþIGFib,ayGMBITMnij niglkçxNÐénkarTUTat;¦

1>2 katBVkic©énGñklk; ¬EdlrYmTaMgkarepÞrGclnRTBü nigkarbBa¢ÚnTMnij¦

1>3 katBVkic©rbs;GñkTij ¬EdlrYmTaMg karTTYlTMnij nigkarTUTat;¦

1>4 kic©snüarNbnana ¬EdlrYmTaMg kic©snüadwkCBa¢Ún kic©snüaFanar:ab;rg nigkic©snüaCamYyFnaKar¦nig

1>5 karedaHRsayvívaT.

2> c,ab;saFarN³ b¤ c,ab;rdæ)al c,ab;enH rYmman ³



146

2>1 bTb,BaØtþi rbs;RbeTsnaMecj ¬]Ta³ GMBIkarecjGaCJab½NÑnaMecj karbþÚrR)ak; karBinitüKuNPaB.l.¦ nig

2>2 bTb,BaØtþi rbs;RbeTsGñknaMcUl ¬]Ta³ kardak;kMhitelIkarnaMcUl b¤ kUta c,ab;Ky c,ab; nigbTb, BaØtþinana karecjGaCJab½NÑnaMcUl sþg;dar]sSahkmµ bec©keTs nigsuxPaB sþg;darkarevcx©b; nigkar dak;søaksBaØa .l.¦

x c,ab;GnþrCati 1> c,ab;ÉkCnGnþrCati

c,ab;TaMgenHKWCa bBaØtiþenAkñúgRbB½n§c,ab; EdlkñúgenaH c,ab;Cati nwgRtUvGnuvtþenAkñúgkrNIEdlmanvívaT rvagc,ab;énRbeTsnana ]Ta³ kic©snüamYyeFVIeLIgenARkugjÚvyk CaPasaGaløWm:g; EdlnwgRtUvykeTAGnuvtþ enARbeTsRkik EdlEcgGMBImCÄtþvíninä½y RsbtambTb,BaØtþiénsPaBCaNiC¢kmµGnþrCatienARkug):arIs. dUcEdl GñkGacemIleXIj c,ab;énRbeTscMnYnbIGacCab;Bak;B½n§. RbsinebIPaKITaMgenHminbBa¢ak;enAkñúgkic©snüafac,ab; CatiTaMgbIKYrEtmanGanuPaBsRmab;Gnuvtþ bTb,BaØtþiénc,ab;ÉkCnGnþrCati nwgpþl;CakarENnaMdl;salakþImCÄtþ vínicä½y enAkñúgkarseRmcfaetIc,ab;CatimYyNa KYrEtmanGanuPaBelIkic©snüaenaH.

2> c,ab;saFarN³GnþrCati c,ab;enHrab;bBa©Úlsn§isBaØaGnþrCati GnusBaØa nigkic©RBmeRBogeTVPaKI nigBhuPaKI rvag nigkñúgcMeNamrdæ

nana b¤rvagrdæ nigGgÁkarGnþrCati. c,ab;TaMgenHxøH kMNt;GMBITMnak;TMngBaNiC¢kmµrvagRbeTseyIg CamYyRbeTs Cam©as;pÞH. GñkKYrEtsÁal;GnusBaØaGnþrCatinana Edlman\T§iBlmkelIkardwkCBa¢ÚnGnþrCati karrkSasiT§i ):atg; nig karepÞrbec©kvíTüa nigetIRbeTsCam©as;pÞHrbs;Gñk )ankøayCasmaCíkénGnusBaØa b¤ kic©RBmeRBogGVIxøH.

3> bTb,BaØtþiGnþrCati EdlKµanGMNacc,ab; enAkñúgTMnak;TMngGnþrCati manbTb,BaØtþiCaeRcInEdlBMumanGMNacc,ab; b:uEnþeTaHCay:agNak¾eday va

mansar³sMxan;Nas;. 63 bTb,BaØtþixøHmankarGnuvtþ nigTTYlykCaskl. ]TahrN_³ {bTb,BaØtþiÉksNæan} Edl)anerobcMeLIgenAeRkamcat;EcgénsPaBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCatienARkug):arIs (ICC) minmanGMNaccab;bgçMeLIg edaysarvaminEmnCaGnusBaØaGnþrCati nigk¾minEmnCac,ab;énRbeTsNamYyeLIy. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday va RtUv)anykeTAGnuvtþesÞIrEtCaskl. ]TahrN_ ³ ICC’s INCOTERMS {taragBn§KyÉksNæan nigkar

63 bTbBaØtþifµÍ²EdlkMBugsßiteRkamkarerobcM minsuT§EtmansiT§icab;bgçMenaHeLIy. sar³sMxan;énbTbBaØtþiTaMgenH sßitenAelIkarTTYlyk nigkarGnuvtþ enAkñúgRbeTsCacMnYneRcIn. vaGacmanTRmg;Ca {RkmGnuvtþ} ]Ta³ mCÄmNÐlshRbCaCatiénkic©shRbtibtþikarrvagCatinana kMBugEsVgrkkarbegáIt RkmGnuvtþsRmab;kic©shRbtibtþikarrvagCatinana nigRkmmYyepSgeTotsþIBI karepÞrbec©kvíTüaenAeRkamkar]btßmÖeday UNCTAD RkughSWENv.



147

GnuvtþEpñk\NTanÉksar} {bTb,BaØtþiÉksNæansRmab;karTUTat;} nig {bTbBaØtþiÉksNæaNsRmab;karFana kic©snüa}.

enAkñúgTMnak;TMngBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati {lkçxNÐTUeTA} eRcInEtRtUv)anTTYlyk ebIeTaHCa vamanGMNacbgçM EtelIRkumxøH²k¾eday. lkçxNÐxøHRtUv)anEcgedayGgÁkarGnþrCati dUcCa KN³kmµkarshRbCaCatiTTYlbnÞúk kic©karGWr:ub (ECE) nigsßab½nÉkeTsdéTeTot dUcCa shB½n§GnþrCatiénRkumh‘unTIRbwkSavísVkmµ (FIDIC) enA LÚhSan RbeTssVIús RkumTMnak;TMngsRmab;]sSahkmµvísVkmµGWr:ub (ORGALIME) enARkugRb‘UsEsl nigsma KmBaNiC¢kmµnanaepSgeTot.

4> kareFVI[cuHsRmugKñaCamYyBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati RbeTsCaeRcInkMBugBüayamsRmYlRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati edayeFVI[manlkçN³gayRsYl nig

eTACasþg;dar nUvEbbbT nigRbB½n§nana . eCaKC½yy:ageRcInEdl)anseRmcenAkñúgvís½ynana mandUcteTA ³ 4>1 karlk;TMnijCaGnþrCati 4>2 karTUTat;CaGnþrCati 4>3 mCÄtþvínicä½yBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati 4>4 kardwkCBa¢ÚnGnþrCati 4>5 kmµsiT§i]sSahkmµ 4>6 kmµsiT§ibBaØa

4>6>1 karlk;TMnijCaGnþrCati eRkayBImankarb:unb:gmYycMnYnedIm,IeFVI[cuHcRmugKñanUvTb,BaØtþiEdlEcgGMBIkarlk;TMnijCaGnþrCatimk GnusBaØashRbCaCatisþIBIkic©snüaelIkarlk;TMnijCaGnþrCati Edl)anelIkesñIedayKN³kmµkarsh-RbCaCatisRmab;kic©karc,ab;BaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati (UNCITRAL) RtUv)ancuHhtßelxaenATIRkugvÍEy: enAkñúgqñaM 1980.

ω GnusBaØaenHEcgGMBIRbkarnanadUcteTA ³

4>6>1>1 kRmitGnuvtþ nigbTb,BaØtþiTUeTA 4>6>1>2 karbegáItkic©snüa 4>6>1>3 katBVkic©rbs;Gñklk; 4>6>1>4 sMNgkarxUcxatedaysarGñklk;RbRBwtþelµIsnwgmaRtakñúgkic©snüa 4>6>1>5 katBVkic©rbs;GñkTij EdlrYmTaMgkarTUTat; nigkarRbKl; 4>6>1>6 sMNgkarxUcxatedaysarGñkTijRbRBwtþelµIsnwgmaRtaenAkñúgkic©snüa 4>6>1>7 karepÞrhaniP½y nig



148

4>6>1>8 katBVkic©rvagGñklk; nigGñkTij.

4>6>2 karTUTat;CaGnþrCati lixitedaHdUr nigb½NÑsnüasgR)ak; RtUvKñaCamYylkçxNÐxagBaNiC¢kmµ enATUTaMgBiPBelak nigminCab; Tak;TgCamYyTmøab;Gnuvtþrbs;CatieLIy. CalT§pl eKGacrYmbBa©ÚlKñanUvc,ab;enAkRmittMbn; k¾dUcCa Ep¥kelImUldæanGnþrCatipgEdr.

CalT§pl sBVéf¶enHmanRkmcMnYnbI 64 sþIBIlixitedaHdUr.

4>6>2>1 c,ab;ÉksNæanRkughSWENv qñaM1930 manGnuvtþenATVIbGWr:ub GaemrikLaTIn nigCb:un

4>6>2>2 c,ab;sþIBI lixitedaHdUr qñaM 1882 Edl)aneFVIvíesaFnkmµ begáItCamUldæanénc,ab;sþI BIbriFancrcaenAcRkPBGg;eKøs nig enAkñúgGtItrdæcMNuHcRkPBGg;eKøs esÞIrEtTaMg Gs; . c,ab;enHk¾manGanuPaBRCaleRCApgEdrenA s>r>Ga.

4>6>2>3 maRta 3énRkmsþIBI ÉksNæaNPaBénBaNiC¢kmµ.

dUcEdl)ankt;sMKal;BIxagedIm ICC enARkug):arIs )anbegáIt{karGnuvtþÉksNæaNxagBn§Ky nig\N TanÉksar} EdlmaneRbIR)as;enAkñúgRbeTseRcInCag 150. vapSMedaybTb,BaØtþisþIBIkarTUTat;tamry³ Éksar\NTan 65 – TRmg;énkarTUTat; eRcInEtmaneRbIR)as;enAkñúgRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati. 4>6>3 mCÄtþvínicä½yBaNiC¢kmµGnþrCati mankic©RBmeRBogGnþrCatiCaeRcInenAkñúgEpñkmCÄtþvínicä½y. kic©RBmeRBogTaMgenaHmanbkRsayenAkñúg CMBUk 32

4>6>4 c,ab;GnþrCatisþIBIkardwkCBa¢Ún

4>6>4>1 kardwkCBaÚ¢ntamsmuRT

eTaHbIkMBugmankMeNInénkareRbIR)as;CMnYsÉksarepJITMnijtamsmuRTk¾eday briFaneKalsRmab; karbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamsmuRTenAEtCa b½NÑdwkCBaÚ¢nTMnij (B/L)dEdl. CaeKalkarN_ Baküfa b½NÑdwk

64 RkmcMbg²TaMgbImanPaBmincuHsRmugKñamYycMnYn EdlnaM[mankarlM)ak enAeBllixitedaHdUrRtUv)anEckpSayCalkçN³GnþrCati. edIm,IEktRmUv sßanPaBenH UNCITRAL enATIRkugvÍEy:n )anbegáItGnusBaØamYysRmab;c,ab;ÉksNæaN sþIBI briFanEdlGacTUTat;)an sRmab;eRbIR)as;enAkñúg RbtibtþikarGnþrCati. 65 \NTanÉksar KWCavíFImYyénkarTUTat; EdlGacFanafa GñknaMecjTTYl)ankarTUTat;enAeBlEdlTMnijRtUv)anbBa¢Ún - minEmnenAeBlEdlenAeBl EdlGtifíCnTTYlTMnijenaHeT. vak¾FanapgEdrfa GtifíCn)anTTYlkarFanakmµsiT§ielITMnij munnwgKat;bg;R)ak;sRmab;TMnijenaH. bBaðaénGñknaMecj enAkñúgRbeTseyIg nigGtifíCnrbs;Kat;enAeRkARbeTs GacedaHRsay)an tamry³GnþraKmn_BIPaKITIbI - FnaKarmYy b¤ Cak;lak;CagenHeTotKW FnaKarcMnYnBIr ³ FnaKarnaMecjenAkñúgRbeTseyIg nigFnaKarnaMcUlenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk. \NTanÉksarmYy KWRKan;EtCa\NTanmYy EdlebIkcMh enAkñúgFnaKarmYy sRmab;GñknaMecj. Baküfa {Éksar} bgðajfa karcrcaTaMgmUl manTMnak;TMngCamYyÉksarbBa¢ÚnTMnij. \NTanÉksar eRcInEt ehARtUv)aneKfa {lixit\NTan b¤ ehAkat;fa LC.”



149

CBa¢ÚnTMnij KµankarEkERb nigminGacTUTat;rvagGñknaMecj b¤ {GñkbBa¢ÚnGIv:an;} nigGñkbBa¢ÚnTMnij ¬{m©as;nava} b¤ {Rkumh‘unbBa¢ÚnTMnij}¦eLIy. RbsinebIRkumh‘undwkCBa¢ÚnGacEkERblkçxNÐenAkñúgb½NÑdwkCBaÚ¢nTMnij BYkeKmanninñakarminrab;bBaú©Ú lkarTTYlxusRtUvTaMgGs;elITMnijEdlBYkeKdwkCBa¢Ún. enHCamUlehtuEdlenAkñúgTsvtSr_qñaM 1920 kic©RbwgERbgGnþrCatiCaeRcInRtUv)aneFVIeLIgedIm,IbegáItsþg;dar\tEkERbmYysRmab;b½NÑdwk CBa¢ÚnTMnij. CalT§pl bTb,BaØtþiRkugLaeG énsmaKmn_c,ab;GnþrCatiRtUv)anbegáIteLIg. bTb, BaØtþienaHRtUv)anEksRmYlCaeRcInelIk nigRtUveKsÁal;faCabTbBaØtþiRkugLaeG-vÍs,‘Í. enAqñaM 1978 GnusBaØashRbCaCatisþIBIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijtamsmuRT RtUv)ancuHhtßelxa. bTb,BaØþtþi TaMgenHEdl )anBIkarEksRmYly:ageRcInelIbTbBaØtþiRkugLaeG-vÍs,‘Í RtUv)aneKsÁal;faCa bTbBaØtþiRkughaMbWk.

4>6>4>2 kardwkCBaÚ¢ntamGakas

c,ab;nana EdlTak;TgnwgkardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas sBVéf¶enHmanPaBcuHsRmugKñakñúgkRmitKYr[ kt;sMKal;. GnusBaØaRkugv:asUvÍ qñaM 1929 EdlrYmbBa©ÚlKñanUvbTb,BaØtþimYycMnYn EdlTak;Tgnwg kardwkCBa¢ÚnCaGnþrCatitamGakas RtUv)aneFVIvíesaFnkmµedayBiFIsarRkugLaeGenAqñaM 1955 nig RtUv)anbMeBjbEnßmedayGnusBaØaRkugháadaLacar:a enAqñaM 1961 nigBiFIsarbEnßmenARkug m:uger Gal;qñaM 1975. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday KYrkt;sMKal;fa minEmnRKb;kic©snüaénRkumh‘undwkCBa¢Ún tamGakasTaMgGs;sßiteRkamGanuPaBéneKalkarN_TaMgenHeLIy. ÉksareKalsRmab;kardwk CBa¢ÚntamGakasKW b½NÑCBa¢ÚnTMnijtamGakas.

4>6>4>3 kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijtampøÚvfñl; cMeBaHkardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijtampøÚvfñl; ÉksareKal KWGnusBaØasþIBIkic©snüasRmab;kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij tampøÚvfñl; qñaM 1956 EdleKsÁal;faCa “CMR” ¬GnusBaØaTak;Tgnwgkic©snüadwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijtam pøÚvfñl;¦. 4>6>4>4 kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijtamrfePøIg

kardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijCaGnþrCatitamrfePøIg manEcgenAkñúgGnusBaØaGnþrCatisþIBIkardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijtam rfePøIg Edl)ancuHhtßelxaCaelIkdMbUgenARkug Berne kñúgqñaM 1890 nigcab;BIqñaM 1961 mk RtUveKsÁal;faCa “CIM” ¬GnusBaØaGnþrCati Tak;TgnwgkardwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijtamrfePøIg qñaM 1961¦. GnusBaØaenH)aneFVIvíesaFnkmµenAqñaM 1971.

4>6>5 kmµsiT§i]sSahkmµ manEpñkCaeRcIneTotEdlenAkñúgenaH kic©RBmeRBogGnþrCati mankøayCac,ab;épÞkñúgénRbeTsnana. Epñk mYyénc,ab;EbbenHKW ):atg; nignikçtþsBaØaBaNiC¢kmµ. GnusBaØaGnþrCatisRmab;kic©karBarkmµsiT§i]sSah kmµ RtUv)anÉkPaBKñaCaelIkdMbUgenARkug):arIskñúgqñaM 1883 ehIybnÞab;BIenaHmankarEksRmYlCajwk



150

jab; ehIykarEksRmYlcugeRkaybMput)aneFVIeLIgenARkugsþúkhUm kñúgqñaM 1967. RbeTscMnYnCit 100 )ankøayCaPaKIsmaCíkénGnusBaØaenH. GnusBaØaenHpþl;CardæFmµnuBaØénshPaBsRmab;kic©karBarkmµsiT§i]sSahkmµ. GnusBaØaenHsßiteRkamkar cat;EcgedayGgÁkarkmµsiT§ibBaØaBiPBelak (WIPO)enARkughSWENv. GnusBaØaenHEcgGMBIkic©karBar ):atg; m:Ut KMnUr]sSahkmµ nikçtþsBaØaBaNiC¢kmµ sBaØaesvakmµ nigeQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ EdlTaMgGs;enH suT§EtRtUv)ancat;TukfaCa{kmµsiT§i]sSahkmµ} enAkñúgn½yTUlay.

GnusBaØaenHpþl;kic©karBarbEnßmdl;Gñkdak;BaküesñIsMu):atg;. 66 ):atg KWCasiT§ipþac;mux kñúgkareRbIR)as; karbegáItfµÍmYy. siT§ienHsßiteRkamkic©karBareTAtameKalkarN_EdndI eBalKW mansuBlPaBenAkñúg RbeTsEdl)anpþl;):atg;enaH. GnusBaØaenH TTYlsÁal;kmµsiT§irbs;m©as;):atg;enAkñúgRbeTsmYy kñúgkar cuHbBa¢I):atg;rbs;xøÜnenAkñúgRbeTsmYyepSgeTot. siT§iCaGaTiPaBenH mansuBlPaBsRmab;ry³eBl 12 ExKitcab;BIkalbriecäTénkardak;BaküsMurbs;Kat;enAkñúgRbeTsxøÜn. GnusBaØa):atg;GWr:ub ¬1977¦ )anbegáItkariyal½y):atg;GWr:ubenARkugmUnik edIm,IbeRmIRbeTscMnYn11 enAGWr:ub. Gñkkan;):atg;Gacdak;BaküsMukic©karBarenAkñúgRbeTsNamYyCasmaCík. enAeBlEdlGnu sBaØa):atg;GWr:ub)anbegáIteLIg RbB½n§TUTaMgBiPBelakmYysRmab;dak;BaküsMub½NÑ):atg;enAkñúgRbeTsCa cMnYneRcIn)ancUlCaFrman. sn§isBaØashRbtibtþikar):atg;enH mansmaCíkcMnYn39 enAkñúgeBlcab;epþIm enAqñaM 1985.67

4>6>6 kmµsiT§ixagbBaØa kic©RBmeRBogsþIBITidæPaBEdlTak;TgnwgBaNiC¢kmµénkmµsiT§ixagbBaØa (TRIPS) begáIteLIgCamYykic© RBmeRBogBhuPaKIsþIBIBaNiC¢kmµ nig GATS EdlCamUldæanRKwHcMnYnbIsRmab;RbB½n§c,ab; WTO. kmµvtßú énkmµsiT§xagbBaØa KWmabnkmµénKMnitrbs;mnusS. siT§irbs;GñkbegáItkarécñRbDit b¤ sil,³ RtUveKsÁal; faCakmµsiT§ixagbBaØa. kmµsiT§ienHrab;bBa©Úl siT§icmøg ¬EdlkarBarsiT§irbs;GñkniBn§esovePA nig mabnkmµsil,³déTeTot¦ ):atg; ¬EdlkarBarsiT§irbs;GñkbegáItfÍµ¦ nigKMnUr]sSahkmµ ¬EdlkarBarsiT§i elIkarbegáItKMrUEtglm¥¦. kmµsiT§ienHk¾EcgpgEdrGMBInikçtþsBaØaBaNiC¢kmµ nigsBaØaepSgeTot Edl BaNiC¢kmµeRbIR)as; edIm,IbgðajPaBxusKñaénplitplrbs;xøÜnBIplitplrbs;GñkepSgeTot EdlbegáIt TMnukcitþkñúgcMeNamGñkeRbIR)as; nigsucän³elIsBaØa nigeQµaHyIeharbs;BYkeK. kic©RBmeRBog sþIBI TRIPS CakarbMeBjbEnßmelIkic©RBmeRBogsþIBIkic©karBarkmµsiT§ixagbBaØa EdlbegáIteLIgedayWIPO. kic©RBmeRBogenHEcgedayELkGMBIsþg;darGb,brma nigry³eBlsRmab;pþl;kic©karBar dl;kmµsiT§bBaØa xus²Kña. enAkñúgkareFVIEbbenH eKmankareKarBeTAtamsþg;darnanaEdlmanEcgenAkñúgGnusBaØa WIPO

66 GnusBaØaenHpþl;kic©karBarRbEhlKñaenHdl;nikçtþsBaØaBaNiC¢kmµ. 67 vasßitenAeRkamkarcat;Ecgrdæ)aledayGgÁkarkmµsiT§ibBaØaBiPBelak (WIPO) enATIRkughSWENv.



151

nigbEnßmcMNucepSgeTot CaBiessenAkñúgEpñk):atg;. RbeTsnanaRtUvkarCabEnßmeTot min[mankar erIseGIgkñúgcMeNamCnCatibreTs nigrvagCnbreTs nigCnCatirbs;xøÜn enAkñúgkarTTYl)an TMhM nig karrkSa IPRs ¬karbEnßmén MFN nigkarykcitþTukdak;enAfñak;Cati¦. TidæPaBsMxan;mYy énkic©RBm eRBog TRIPS KWfa sþg;darénkic©karBarEdlmanEcgenAkñúgGnusBaØa WIPO RtUv)aneFVI[Gnuvtþ.



DRAFT 11/28/2004

CMBUk26

r)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM nig kmµviFIkargarRbcaMqñaM

CMBUkenHBiPakSaGMBIkarRKb;RKg nigkic©karrdæ)alénkariyal½yrbs;Gñk EdlCaRbFanbTTMngCa)anBiPakSa rYcmkehIy y:agehacNas;mYyEpñkEdr tamry³karENnaMCaGci®nþy_BI MoC, TPO b¤ RksYgdéTeTotenA PñMeBj. vaKYrEtGacCYyeFVIGtþsBaØaNcMNucxVHcenøaHNamYyenAkñúgkarENnaM nigedIm,IBicarNaGMBIkareFVIEbbNa edIm,IbMeBjkarxVHcenøaHTaMgenaH edayGnuvtþbec©keTsEdl)anelIkesñI. CMBUkenHKUsbBa¢ak;GMBIsar³sMxan;én r)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM ¬tamRbtiTin¦ nigkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaM ¬tamqñaMsareBIBn§¦ nigbgðaj[eXIjTMnak;TMng CítsñiT§rvag]bkrN_RKb;RKgd¾sMxan;TaMgBIrenH.

k esckþIepþIm r)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM nigkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaM KWCar)aykarN_sMxan;bMput EdlGñkRtUverobcM. r)aykar

N_RbcaMqñaM KYrEterobcMeLIg nigepJIeTA MoC b¤ TPO [)anqab;bMputenAeRkaycugqñaMRbtiTin cMENkkmµvíFIkargar RbcaMqñaM EdlmanTMnak;TMngCítsñiT§CamYyr)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM KYrEterobcMeLIgCamYykar)an;RbmaNfvíkarbs; GñksRmab;qñaMsareBIBn§xagmux. Cajwkjab; kallM)akmYycMnYnelceLIg enAeBlEdlqñaMsareBIBn§ nigqñaMRbti Tin minRtUvKña.

CMBUkenHpþl;CakarENnaMsRmab;begáItnItivíFInanasRmab;kareFVIesckþIraykarN_CaeTogTat; nigedIm,I kMNt;kmµvíFIkargar. vaqøúHbBa©aMgGMBIkarGnuvtþsBVEf¶ enAkñúgesvakmµCatimYycMnYn.

enAkñúgr)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM GñkKYrEt ³

víPaKlkçxNÐesdækic© nigBaNiC¢kmµenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk nigGFib,ayGMBIfaetIlkçxNÐTaMgenHman\T§iBl EbbNamkelIkmµvíFIeXasnarbs;Gñk nigyuT§saRsþnaMecjrbs;RbeTseyIg.

BinitüemIlskmµPaBnanaenAkñúgqñaMRbtiTincas; nigvaytémøfaetImankarseRmc)anl¥kkRmitNatam eKalbMNgénkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaM.

pþl;Casavta nigpþl;ehtuplsRmab;sMeNIrbs;Gñk edIm,IkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMsareBIBn§xagmux.



153

r)aykarN_enHKYrEtCYyGaCJaFrrbs;eyIgedIm,IvaytémøsMeNIrkargarrbs;Gñk nigfvíka):an;sµan nig edIm,IEkERbkmµvíFITaMgenaHtamkarcaM)ac;[RsbtamvtþmanbuKÁlik nigFnFanmnusS k¾dUcCa eKalbMNgéneKal neya)ayrYmrbs;GaCJaFrrbs;eyIgpgEdr.

tamry³kmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMrbs;Gñk GñkKYrEtCUndMNwgeTA MoC b¤ TPO edaylMGitGMBIfaetIGñk elIkesñIEbbNa edIm,Icat;EcgskmµPaBkñúgkariyal½yrbs;GñksRmab;qñaMsareBIBn§xagmux. GñkKYrEtkMNt;kic© karEdlGñkmanbMNgGnuvtþ minRtwmEtenAkñúgGMLúgqñaMenaHb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþEfmTaMgenAkñúgGnaKtpgEdr tamEt GaceFVI)an. ]TahrN_GMBIkrNIenHGacCa kalvíPaKsRmab;BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ ry³eBl 18 Ex b:uEnþEdlGñkRtUvEt eFVIskmµPaBeRtomerobcMmYycMnYnenAedImqñaMsareBIBn§pgEdr.

r)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM KWCakarvaytémøTIpSar nigesckþIGFib,ayGMBIGVIEdl)anekIteLIgenAkñúgqñaMRbtiTincas;. vaKYrEtmankarvíPaKrbs;GñkGMBIvísalPaBEdlkariyal½yrbs;Gñk)anTTYleCaKC½yenAkñúgkarseRmccMNucedA nigeKalbMNgEdlmanEcgenAkñúgkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMsareBIBn§mun nigqñaMsareBIBn§enH. kmµvíFIkargarRbcaM qñaM KWCaEpnkarkMNt;éføcMNayelIskmµPaBnanasRmab;qñaMsareBIBn§xagmux. kmµvíFIenHRtUv)anerobcMeLIgenAkñúg eBlCamYyKña nigÉksarBak;B½n§nana sRmab;kar):an;RbmaNGMBIfvíkasRmab;kariyal½yGñk enAkñúgqñaMsareBIBn§ enaH. enAkñúgkal³eTs³l¥ GñkGacdak;CUnkmµvíFIenHeTAGaCJaFrrbs;eyIg CamYyr)aykarN_RbcaMqñaMrbs;Gñk sRmab;qñaMRbtiTinEdleTIbEtbBa©b;eTA.

eTaHCay:agNak¾eday kareFVIEbbenHGacminGnuvtþeTA)an. kñúgkrNIEdlqñaMRbtiTin nigqñaMsareBIBn§RtUvKña ]TahrN_ sRmab;ry³eBl 6 Ex r)aykarN_RbcaMqñaMrbs;Gñk KYrEtEcgGMBIskmµPaBEdl)anGnuvtþenAkñúgBak; kNþalTIBIrénqñaMsareBIBn§mun ¬éf¶TI 30 Ex mifuna¦ nigBak;kNþalTImYyénqñaMsareBIBn§enH. kñúgkrNIenH r)ay karN_RbcaMqñaMrbs;Gñk køayCakarvaytémøcugeRkayGMBIfaetIeKalbMNgénkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMsRmab;qñaMsareBI Bn§cas; GacseRmc)ankRmitNa nigr)aykarN_PaBeCOnelOnénkargarsRmab;ry³eBlR)aMmYyExénqñaMsareBI Bn§fµÍ.

x r)aykarN_RbcaMqñaMxageRkamenHCasMeNITRmg;énr)aykarN_lMGitmYyRbcaMqñaM .

1> TidæPaBrYmxagesdækic© nigBaNiC¢kmµ 1>1 karBinitüemIleKalneya)ay eKaledA nigkmµvíFIesdækic©sMxan;² . RbsinebIsmRsb cUrdak;bBa©Úl

esckþIsegçbrYmmYyGMBIEpnkarGPivDÆn_Cati .

1>2 cUrvíPaKkarGPivDÆesdækic©cMbg²enAkñúgqñaM. cUrrYmbBa©ÚlB½t’manGMBIGRtabþÚrR)ak; karcMNayrbs;rdæaPi )al nigskmµPaBvínieyaK.



154

1>3 cUrBnül;GMBIeKalneya)ay nigGaTiPaBnaMcUlrbs;RbeTs nigvíPaKedayRtYs²GMBIkarpøas;bþÚrNamYy eFobnwgqñaMknøgeTA .

1>4 BinitüemIlsßanPaBBaNiC¢kmµrbs;RbeTs ¬brimaNnaMcUl¼naMecj GRtakMeNIn plitplcMbg² nig Gñk pÁt;pÁg;¦ nigeFVIGtþsBaØaNEpñkEdlmankMeNIn sRmab;karnaMcUlsMxan;².

1>5 tamkrNIsmRsb cUrraykarN_GMBIskmµPaBsßab½nhirBaØb,TanBhuPaKI ¬FnaKarBiPBelak FnaKar GPivDÆn_tMbn;.l.¦ nigeFVIGtþsBaØaNKeRmagvínieyaKTun nigkarsagsg;fµÍ²cMbg².

2> TMnak;TMngBaNiC¢kmµeTVPaKI 2>1 sßanPaBTIpSar pSMeday

2>1>1 esckþIGFib,ayGMBITinñn½ysßitieTVPaKIénr)aykarN_sMxan;²rbs;RbeTs

2>1>2 karbgðajedayxøI²GMBIsar³sMxan;énTIpSarcMeBaHRbeTseyIg dUcCa TMhM karrMBwgelIkMeNIn lkçxNÐneya)ay .l.

2>1>3 karBiPakSa kñúgkrNIsmRsb GMBIRbFanbTdUcxageRkamenH 2>1>3>1 TidæPaBhirBaØvtßú 2>1>3>2 RbB½n§TIpSar nigkarEckcay

2>1>3>3 bec©keTs¼yuT§saRsþeXasna nig

2>1>3>4 Rkum nigGaCJaFrTijEdlBak;B½n§ .l.

2>1>4 karvíPaKGMBITIpSarCaTUeTA eday

2>1>4>1 BinitüemIlvíFIeFVITMnak;TMngTIpSar nigplRbeyaCn_énKURbECgcMbg²rbs;Gñk nig 2>1>4>2 víPaKEpñknanaénbBaðCak;lak;

2>1>5 taragGnusasn_GMBIGVIEdlGñknaMecjkñúgRbeTseyIgKYr b¤ minKYreFVI edIm,IcUleTAkñúg b¤ enArkSa b¤ BRgIkPaKcMENkrbs;BYKeKenAkñúgTIpSar.

2>2 esckþIsegçbGMBITIpSar cUrsegçbtamlMdab;lMedayénRBwtþikarN_ nUvRBwtþikarN_sMxan;²énkic©karTIpSarenAkñúgtMENgrbs;Gñk eFobnwg karBüakrN_ nigcMNucedAenAkñúgkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMmun. enHCakarvíPaKGMBIfaetIkarseRmceKaledAEdl )aneRKagTukmankRmitNa. pþl;ehtuplGMBIbraC½yNamYy nigGFib,ayfaetIGñkeRKageFVIEbbNa edIm,I seRmceKalbMNgrbs;GñkeTAGnaKt.

3> esckþIepþImGMBIkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMxagmux 3>1 cUrBnül;ehtuplGMBIkarERbRbYlénkarykcitþTukdak;kñúgskmµPaBrbs;Gñk

3>2 cUrbgðajTRmg;énsMeNIkMNt;éføcMNaysRmab;kmµvíFIcMbg² nig



155

3>3 pþl;Gnusasn_rbs;GñksRmab;ry³eBlxagmux.

4> ]bsm<½n§CaTinñn½ysßiti 4>1 kargareqøIytb

4>1>1 pþl;cemøIycMeBaHsMNYrEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ ¬BIGñknaMecjkñúgRbeTseyIg¦

4>1>2 pþl;cemøIycMeBaHsMNYrEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ ¬BIshKmn_GñknaMcUlkñúgmUldæan¦

4>1>3 pþl;cemøIycMeBaHsMNYrEpñkBaNiC¢kmµ ¬BI MoC b¤ TPO ¦

4>1>4 cMnYnkarRbkasedjéføEdl)anbBa¢Ún

4>1>5 cMnYnGñkCMnYjkñúgmUldæanEdl)anmkTsSnakariyal½yrbs;Gñk

4>1>6 cMnYnGñkCMnYjBIRbeTseyIgEdl)anTsSnakariyal½yrbs;Gñk

4>1>7 cMnYnkrNIbNþwgEdlGñk)ancat;kar 4>1>8 cMnYn nigeQµaHr)aykarN_EdlGñk)anerobcM.

4>2 kargarpþÜcepþÍm

4>2>1 cMnYnr)aykarN_EdlGñk)andak;CUnGMBI»kasxagBaNiC¢kmµ 4>2>2 cMnYnGñkTak;TgEdlGñk)anbegáIteLIg ¬enAkñúgshKmGñkCMnYjenAmUldæan¦

4>2>3 cMnYnGñkTak;TgEdl)anbegáIt ¬enAkñúgesvakmµrdæaPi)almUldæan¦

4>2>4 cMnYnPñak;garEdlGacbEnßmeTAkñúgsnÞsSn_TIPñak;garrbs;Gñk

4>2>5 cMnYnkarGegátTIpSarEdl)aneFVIeLIg

4>2>6 cMnYn»kasvínieyaKedaypÞal;BIbreTsEdl)anrkeXIj

4>2>7 cMnYn nigeQµaHr)aykarN_Edl)anerobcM .

4>3 muxCMnYjEdl)anTTYl\T§iBl

4>3>1 cMnYnkic©RBmeRBogCamYyTIPñak;garfµÍEdl)aneFVIeLIg

4>3>2 cMnYnGñknaMecjfµÍEdl)anRbkascUlrYmenAkñúgTIpSarenaHedayeCaKC½y

4>3>3 esckþIsegçbGMBIRbtibtþikarnaMecjEdlkariyal½yrbs;Gñkpþl;eyabl;eRcIn ¬minrab;bBa©Úl karedaHRsaybNþwg¦

4>4 skmµPaBepSgeTotEdlTak;TgnwgBaNiC¢kmµ 4>4>1 cMnYnebskkmµBaNiC¢kmµBIEdl)anerobcM¼cat;EcgBIRbeTseyIg

4>4>2 cMnYnebskkmµTij EdlGñk)anCYy

4>4>3 cMnYnBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ nigkartaMgbgðajepSgeTotEdl)anTsSna 4>4>4 cMnYnBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ nigkartaMgbgðajepSgeTotEdl)ancat;Ecg.



156

4>5 skmµPaBBaNiCkmµepSgeTot

4>5>1 esckþIsegçbGMBIskmµPaBeXasnasRmab;karvínieyaK

5>5>2 esckþIsegçbGMBIskmµPaBlT§kmµkarnaMcUl

4>5>3 esckþIsegçbGMBIskmµPaBeXasnaeTscrN_.

K kmµviFIkargarRbcaMqñaM kmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMrbs;GñksRmab;qñaMsareBIBn§xagmux EdlmanTMnak;TMngCasMxan;CamYyr)aykarN_ RbcaMqñaMrbs;GñksRmab;qñaMRbtiTinknøgeTA. sMeNI nigEpnkarnanasRmab;sMeNI ekItecjedaypÞal;BIskmµPaB nanaEdl)anBiPakSaenAkñúgEpnkar. kmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMrbs;Gñk manectnaseRmceKalbMNgénkarGPivDÆ TIpSarFMTUlay Edl)ankMNt;eday MoC b¤ TPO. eKalbMNgTaMgenHGac)anmkBIGnusasn_rbs;GñkpÞal; enAkñúgGMLúgeBlmun.

ω tamTsSn³rbs;Gñk kmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaM manRbeyaCn_dUcteTA ³

1> vaCaRkbx½NÐcat;EcgsMxan;mYysRmab;kargarrbs;Gñk 1>1 vaGac[GñkeRKagskmµPaBrbs;Gñk nigskmµPaBnanaepSgeTot tamvíFIcMNaytic nig)anpleRcIn.

1>2 vapþl;[GñknigGñkdéTnUvtaragkargarnigskmµPaBEdlGñknwgBYkeKrMBwgfaGnuvtþ)an nigpþÜcepþÍmeLIg.

1>3 vapþl;éføkMNt; nigeKalbMNg EdlCamUldæansRmab;vas;karrIkceRmInrbs;Gñk.

1>4 vapþl;éføcMNay):an;sµansRmab;eKalbMNgxagEpñkfvíka nig

1>5 vabEnßmelImuxgarCacMNagTak;TgrvagGtItkal nigGnaKt vaCa]bkrN_sRmab;sRmbsRmYlRbtibtþi karrbs;Gñk CamYyGñkTaMgLayenAkñúg MoC b¤ TPO.

2> tamTsSn³rbs; MoC b¤ TPO

2>1 vaCa]bkrN_edIm,Itamdan nigRtYtBinitükargarrbs;Gñk

2>2 vaGac[ MoC b¤ TPO dwgCamun faetIeKGacpþl;karKaMRTEbbNadl;GñkenAkñúgkarGnuvtþkmµvíFIEdl )anGnum½t nigeRtomerobcMCakarcaM)ac;[Tan;eBlevla

2>3 vaGac[ MoC b¤ TPO vas;TMhMkargarrbs;Gñk munnwgEbgEckkic©karbEnßmdl;Gñk

2>4 vapþl;[ MoC b¤ TPO CamYymUldæansRmab;vaytémøkarRbRBwtþrbs;Gñk.

eTaHCay:agNak¾eday kmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaM KYrEtrab;bBa©Úlral;skmµPaBeRtomerobcMsRmab;ry³eBlEvg



157

eTAxagmux EdlnaMeTArkRBwtþikarN_Edl)aneRKagTuk. cUrBnül;GMBIehtuplénskmµPaBnImYy²EdlRtUv)an eRCIserIssRmab;dak;bBa©ÚlenAkñúgkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaM nigfaetIkarseRmckargarenaHnwgrYmcMENkEbbNa eTA kñúgkarseRmceKalbMNgénkarGPivDÆTIpSarnaMecj. tamEtGaceFVI)an sUm,IEteFVICalkçN³Catik¾eday cUr):an; RbmaNéføcMNaysRmab;skmµPaBnImYy²Edl)aneRKagTukpgEdr.

3> TMhMénkmµviFIkargarRbcaMqñaM kmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaM KWCaEpnkarGnuvtþmYy Edl)anÉkPaBKñaCamYy MoC b¤ TPO nigKaMRTeday

snøwkB½t’mansegçbGMBIkmµvíFInImYy² énkarbegáItsþg;dar. snøwknImYy²KYrEteqøytbeTAnwgkmµvíFI nigkmµvíFIrgén karbegáItTIpSarCak;lak;.

kmµvíFIrgEbbenH GacEcgGMBI b:uEnþ minkRmitRtwmEt ³

3>1 plitplénRbeTsrbs;eyIg EdlmanskþanuBlsRmab;karnaMecjenAkñúgEdndIrbs;Gñk

3>2 karvínieyaKedaypÞal;enAkñúgRbeTseyIg

3>3 skmµPaBKaMRTlT§kmµsRmab;karnaMcUl

3>4 TMnak;TMngBaNiC¢kmµTUeTA - ral;kic©karEdlRtUvkar[mankarykcitþTukdak;Biess 3>5 kareXasnaEpñkeTscrN_enAkñúgRbeTseyIg

3>6 skmµPaBeFVICatMNagEdlGñkrMBwgTuk .

cUrdak;bBa©ÚlskmµPaBxus²KñadUcCakarbegáItkic©snüa kareFVIGegátTIpSar karcat;EcgBiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ nigkartaMgbgðaj karpþl;esvakmµebskkmµBaNiC¢kmµ .l. niyayedayxøI cUrbBa©ÚlskmµPaBnanaEdl)aneFVI GtþsBaØaNc,as;las; cuHkalbriecäT RbsinebIGaceFVI)an nigkMNt;fvíka[suRkwtütamEtGaceFVI)an. eKalbM Ngrbs;GñkenAkñúgkareFVIEbbenH KWkarpþl;tamkRmitEdlGacGnuvtþ)an nUvehtupllMGitsRmab;RKb;xÞg;fvíka.

Cajwkjab; GñkminGacBüakrN_edaymanPaBRtwmRtUv\tex©aHenaHeLIynUvry³eBlEdlGñk nigbuKÁlik rbs;GñkRtUvkar edIm,IeFVIkarEdlekItecjBIsMeNImin)aneRKagTuk edIm,ITTYlB½t’mannigeFVIskmµPaB ePJóvCaGñk CMnYjFmµta BiFIEdlmin)anrMBwgTuk b:uEnþminGacecal)an EdlbgáCabnÞúkkargarbEnßm nigGñkRtUvEtGnuvtþCakar eqøIytbeTAnwgPaBcaM)ac;énGgÁkarnana nigmnusSEdlGñkpþl;esvakmµbeRmI. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday kar):an; RbmaNEbbenHGac eFVIeLIgedayEp¥kelIkargarRbhak;RbEhlKñaenAkñúgcenøaHkalbriecäTénkarksagEpnkar elIkmun. cUreFVIkar):an;RbmaNxÞg;TaMgenH nigéføcMNayEdlBak;B½n§enAkñúgkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMrbs;Gñk. Rbsin ebIminGaceFVIkar):an;RbmaNEdlGacTukcitþ)aneTenaH kmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMrbs;GñkKYrEtmanbBa¢ak;fa eBlevla sRmab;kmµvíFIEdlmin)aneRKagTuk nwgRtUvbBa©ÚleTAkñúgskmµPaBRbRktI dUcCa karRKb;RKgkariyal½y TTYlePJóv sresrr)aykarN_ eqøIycMeBaHsMNYrGMBIBaNiC¢kmµ ENnaMkargarGñkenAeRkambgÁab;.l.



158

4> karkMNt;eBlevla kmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMrbs;Gñk KYrEterobcMeLIgy:agehacNas; 8 b¤ 9 Ex muncab;epþÍmqñaMsareBIBn§enaH .

KYrdak;CUnEpnkarenaHeTAGaCJaFrrbs;eyIg rYmCamYysMeNIfvíkarbs;Gñk edIm,IsMukarÉkPaB. elIkElgEt sMeNIrbs;Gñk)ankarTTYlÉkPaBPøam² nigTaMgmUl GñkKYrbnþkarBiPakSaCamYyGaCJaFrenAPñMeBj. eKalbMNg énkarBiPakSaenHKWedIm,IQandl;karRBmeRBogKñaelItulüPaBénkmµvíFI EdlRtUvKñaCamYyRKb;GaTiPaB nigenAkñúg rgVg;énFnFanmnusS nighirBaØvtßúEdlGacpþl;[. CakarBitNas; GaCJaFrenAPñMeBjmanGMNacseRmcCacugeRka y b:uEnþGñkKYrEtTTYl)an»kasRKb;RKan;edIm,IsMEdgTsSn³rbs;xøÜn nigbgðajehtuplénsMeNIrbs;Gñk. kal NasMeNIrbs;Gñkmanpþl;ehtupleBjelj nigcgRkg)anl¥taMgBIedImdMbUg Gñknwgman»kaskan;EteRcInkñúgkar TTYl)ankarÉkPaBelIsMeNIkmµvíFIrbs;GñkTaMgmUl b¤ edaymankarEkERbbnþicbnþÜcb:ueNÑaH.

{kalvíPaKGnuvtþ}kmµviFIEdl)anGnum½t pþl;[GñknUvkalbriecäTCaeKaledA. vaCaEpnkarskmµPaB rbs;Gñk sRmab;[Gñk nig MoC b¤ TPO vas;PaBrIkceRmInrbs;GñkenAeBjmYyqñaM. enAeBlkmµvíFI)anTTYlkar Gnum½trYcehIy GñkKYrEterobcMkarENnaMdac;edayELkBIKña edaymankarBieRKaHeyabl;CamYybuKÁlikRKb;rUb nig pþl;esckþIlMGiténkarENnaMsRmab;buKÁlikmñak;² cMNuccab;epþIm nigkalbricäTbBa©b;.l. kaeFVIEbbenHnwgGac GnuBaØat[GñktamdankarGnuvtþedaybuKÁlikrbs;GñkenATUTaMgry³eBleBjmYyqñaM.

X r)aykarN_eTogTat;bEnßmelIr)aykarN_RbcaMqñaMrbs;Gñk nigkmµvíFIkargarRbcaMqñaMEdlBak;B½n§ GñktRmUv[epJIesckþIsegçb

Tinñn½ysßitiGMBIskmµPaBénkariyal½yrbs;Gñk eTA[ MoC b¤ TPO Caerogral;Ex b¤erogral;RtImas. esckþI segçbTaMgenHGaceFVIeTAtamTRmg;én]bsm<½n§Tinñn½ysßitiéneQµaHr)aykarN_RbcaMqñaM. kareFVIEbbenHKWGaceFVI[ gayRsYly:ageRcInnUvkic©karénkarRbmUl]bsm<½n§sßitienAcugqñaMRbtiTin edaysarkarRbmUlTinñn½ytamrebob eRkayenHRKan;EtCakarbMeBjbEnßmeTAelIsßitiRbcaMEx b¤ RbcaMRtImas rYmpSMCamYytYelxsRmab;ry³eBlcug eRkayb:ueNÑaH.

enAkñúgesckþIepþImxøImYy sRmab;ral;esckþIsegçbTinñn½ysßiti cUrBinitüemIlral;karvívtþsMxan;²xagBaNiC¢ kmµ EdlGacekItmanenAkñúgGMLúgeBlenaH. edayELk cUrsresredayRtYs²GMBIkRmiténkarGnuvtþkmµvíFIkar garRbcaMqñaMEdl)anÉkPaBrYcmkehIy cUreFVIGtþsBaØaNkarlM)akCak;Esþg b¤EdlrMBwgTuk cUrvíPaKmUlehtuénkar lM)akTaMgenaH nigelIkGnusasn_Cak;lak;GMBIrebobedaHRsaykarlM)akTaMgenaH. esckþIsegçbTaMgenHKYrEtdak; CUn[)anqab; enAeRkaycugkalbriecäTenaH.



DRAFT 11/28/2004

]bsm<½n§ 1 tarageyagsRmab;karGegátsßanPaBénRbeTs

1> B½t’manTUeTA 1>1 RbeTs nigRbCaBlrdæ PUmisaRsþesdækic©

1>1>1 épÞdI 1>1>2 cMnYnRbCaCn ¬Rkumnana kMNt;tamCnCati sasna dg;sIuet R)ak;cMNUl karGb;rM r)aytam

Gayu nigePT GRtakMeNIncMnYnRbCaCnCamFümRbcaMqñaM¦ 1>1>3 Pasa ¬pøÚvkar CMnYj PasaCnCatiedImdéTeTot¦

1>1>4 tMbn; nigmCÄmNÐlBaNiC¢kmµ nig]sSahkmµ FM² ¬eQµaH nigdg;sIuetRbCaCn¦ 1>1>5 lkçN³PUmisaRsþ nigGakasFatu ¬ry³TTwg nigry³beNþay sßanPaBdI sItuNðPaBmFümTab

bMput nigx<s;bMputRbcaMéf¶ kMBs;TwkePøóg sMeNIm¦

TRmg; niglkçN³énrdæaPi)al

1>1>6 rdæFmµnuBaØ ¬raCaniym shB½n§ saFarNrdæ.l.¦

1>1>7 karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;rdæaPi)alfñak;kNþal nigfñak;tMbn; 1>1>8 briyakasneya)ay

1>1>9 neya)ayesdækic© nigsgÁm 1>2 Tinñn½yesdækic©sMxan;²

sUcnakresdækic© 1>2>1 rUbib½NÑCati GRtabþÚrR)ak; nigsßirPaB

1>2>2 tulüPaBénkarTUTat; R)ak;bRmugCarUbiyb½NÑbreTs sßanPaBbMNul

1>2>3 plTunCatisrub¼plitplkñúgRsuksrub

1>2>4 snÞsSn_éføTMnijeRbIR)as; nigsnÞsSn_éføTMnijlk;dMu rcnasm<½n§sBVéf¶énesdækic©

1>2>5 RbPBedIm]sSahkmµénplitplkñúgRsuksrub taméføsBVéf¶ 1>2>6 r)aykargar

2> TIpSar 2>1 eKalneya)ayTUeTAsRmab;karnaMcUl

smaCíkPaBenAkñúgshPaBKy b¤ tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrI WTO.l. nigTMnak;TMngBaNiC¢kmµBiess.

karecjGaCJab½NÑnaMcUl

Handbook for Official Trade Representatives ITC project CMB/61/87 – Support to Trade Promotion and Export Development in Cambodia

DRAFT 11/29/2004

160

2>1>1 RbePTGaCJab½NÑ 2>1>2 mUldæanénkarpþl;GaCJab½NÑdl;GñknaMcUl

2>2>3 EbbbTénkarpþl;GaCJab½NÑ RbB½n§Bn§KyelIkarnaMcUl

2>2>4 RbB½n§cMNat;fñak; (SITC, .l.)

2>2>5 GRtaBn§ mUldæansRmab;karvaytémøBn§ mUldæansRmab;karEkERbkRmitBn§. maRtaBiessGMBIBn§Ky

2>2>6 karvívtþCak;EsþgéncMNat;fñak;Bn§Ky

2>2>7 bTbBa¢a nigEbbbTénkarGnuBaØat[cUl

2>2>8 kareRbIR)as;kMBg;EpesrI nigXøaMgpÞúkTMnijEdlXat;TukedayPñak;garKy karbþwg]T§rN_nigTNÐ kmµ sMNakBaNiC¢kmµ karpSBVpSaykic©kar nigkBa©b;éRbsNI.

2>2 bTb,BaØtþiepSgeTot nigktþaEdlman\T§iBlelIBaNiC¢kmµ

karRKb;RKgelIGRtabþÚrR)ak; 2>2>1 karecjGaCJab½NÑ 2>2>2 karepÞrR)ak;cMeNj

2>2>3 kareFVImatuPUminivtþn_mUlFn

2>2>4 PaBbEmøg)anénrUbiyb½NÑ 2>2>5 RbB½n§énkartMkl; nigkareFVI[mansmPaBenAkñúgkarnaMcUl.l

2>2>6 bTb,BaØtþiGMBIkarRbqaMgkarlk;bgçÚcéfø nigkRmitéføGb,brmaelIkarnaMcUl

2>2>7 bTb,BaØtþielIcMNIGahar suxPaB suvtßiPaB nigctþaLIs½k

2>2>8 bTb,BaØtþisþIBIkardak;sBaØasMKal; karevcx©b; nigkardak;søak

2>2>9 ]sSahkmµénplRbeyaCn_xagBaNiC¢kmµcMeBaHRbeTsGñk ]TahrN_³ plitkmµtamksidæan éRBeQI Clpl karciBa©wmstV karykEr: kmµnþsal karsagsg; esvakmµsaFarN³

EpnkarGPivDÆn_esdækic© 2>2>10 ry³eBlEdlBak;B½n§ nigmUlniFiEdlEbgEck

2>2>11 karEbgEck nigkMeNIntamvís½yCaeKaledA eKalneya)ayvínieyaKbreTs karpþl;fvíka 2>3 sm,TasRmab;kardwkCBa¢Ún nigKmnaKmn_ smuRT


DRAFT 11/29/2004

161

2>3>1 EpcMbg² nigsm,TaenAkMBg;Ep

2>3>2 esvakmµbBa¢ÚnTMnij ¬BIRbeTseyIg¦

Gakas 2>3>3 RBlanynþehaHsRmab;kareFVIdMeNIrCaGnþrCati 2>3>4 RBlanynþehaHsRmab;kareFVIdMeNIrkñúgRbeTs

2>3>5 brimaNTMnijCaetandwkCBa¢ÚnRbcaMqñaMsRmab;RkumTMnijnImYy²

2>3>6 esvakmµbBa¢ÚnTMnij ¬BIRbeTseyIg¦

tampøÚvfñl; 2>3>7 RbEvgpøÚvdwkCBa¢ÚnsMxan;² KitCaK>m b¤ m:al

2>3>8 meFüa)andwkCBa¢Ún ³ rfynþeTscrN_ rfynþbWs rfynþdwkTMnij

pøÚvEdk 2>3>9 RbEvgpøÚvEdkCaK>m

2>3>10 Tm¶n;CaetanénTMnijEdl)anbBa¢Ún

3> Tinñn½yGMBIBaNiC¢kmµbreTs ¬sRmab;ry³eBl 3-6 qñaM¦

3>1 BaNiC¢kmµbreTssrub

3>1>1 karnaMecj nignaMcUlsrub

3>1>2 tulüPaBCBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ 3>1>3 esckþIlMGiténkarnaMcUleTAtamRbPBhirBaØvtßú ¬karTUTat;CarUbiyb½NÑ CMnYy plnaMcUldéT¦

3>1>4 ):atg; nikçitþsBaØaBaNiC¢kmµ nigsiT§iftcmøg

3>1>5 karRbkYtRbECgminRtwmRtUv nigkardak;kMhitelIBaNiC¢kmµ 3>1>6 karRbmUlBn§ 3>1>7 kareFVIBhikarCapøÚvkar nigminpøÚvkar 3>1>8 c,ab;TIPñak;gar 3>1>9 esckþIsegçbGMBIÉksarbBa¢ÚnTMnij nigÉksarcaM)ac;déTeTot.

4> ktþaTIpSarTUeTA 4>1 RbB½n§naMcUl nigEckcay

4>2 vís½yTijsMxan;²

4>3 lkçxNÐTIpSarTUeTA 4>4 ninñakarénkarRbkYtRbECg

4>5 karkMNt;éfø niglkçxNÐTUTat;


DRAFT 11/29/2004

162

4>6 karRbKl;TMnij

4>7 vívaT mCÄtþvínicä½y nigkarRbmUlbMNul

4>8 víFI nigsm,TasRmab;kareXasnalk;FM²

5> ]bsm<½n§sMxan;²

5>1 sþg;darEdleRbIR)as; - Tm¶n; nigrgVas; sMNMulkçN³énGKÁisnI 5>2 ]sSahkmµkmµnþsal niglT§plcMbg²

5>3 shRKasplitkmµ nigGgÁPaBBaNiC¢kmµ 5>4 karpSBVpSayeXasna nigRbB½n§pSBVpSaysaFarN³ 5>5 TIRbwkSaEpñk]sSahkmµCMnYj

5>5>1 karRsavRCavxagTIpSar 5>5>2 kareXasna 5>5>3 karpSBVpSay

5>6 sßab½nnaMcUlQanmuxeK

5>7 FnaKarnaMmuxeK

5>8 Rkumh‘unnavabBa¢ÚnTMnijnaMmuxeK

5>9 Rkumh‘unGakascrN_GnþrCati 5>10 RksYg nignaykdæanBak;B½n§énrdæaPi)al ¬nigmuxnaTI¦

5>11 TIPñak;garksagEpnkar GPivDÆn_ nigTIPñak;gardéTeTotEdlBak;B½n§nwgkarTij

5>12 tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrI 6> plitplnaMecjsMxan;²

6>1 plitpl nigtémø 6>2 RbeTsCaeKaledA nigtémø

7> plitplnaMcUlsMxan;²

7>1 plitpl nigtémø 7>2 RbeTsCaGñkpÁt;pÁg; nigtémø

8> BaNiC¢kmµCamYyRbeTsyIg

8>1 karnaMcUl

8>2 karnaMecj


DRAFT 11/29/2004

163

]bsm<½n§ 2 cMNat;fñak;B½t’manGMBIviFankarRtYtBinitükarnaMcUl

1> kéRmsareBIBn§ 1>1 kéRmtaragBn§

1>1>1 Bn§Ky

1>1>1>1 GRtaGnuvtþBn§ 1>1>1>2 GRtaCab;Bn§enAeRkam WTO

1>1>1>3 GRtaCab;Bn§enAeRkamkic©RBmeRBogepSgeTot

1>1>1>4 kéRmsareBIBn§ 1>2 kéRmsareBIBn§bEnßm

1>2>1 kéRmBn§KybEnßm nigBn§bEnßmelIcMNUl

1>2>2 Bn§BiesselIePsC¢³ fñaMCk; nigeQIKUs

1>2>3 Bn§BiesselIplitpleRbgkat

1>2>4 Bn§GnuvtþelIplitpleRkABIplitplEdlmanEcgenAeRkamcMNuc x nig K

1>2>5 Bn§Rbfab;Rta 1>2>6 Bn§TUTat; 1>2>7 kéRmQñÜlGKÁkugs‘ul

1>2>8 kéRmGaCJab½NÑ 1>2>9 kéRmsareBIBn§ n.e.s

1>2 éføQñÜlelIesvaEdlmansuBlPaBsmmUl

1>2>1 Bn§elIsßiti 1>2>2 Bn§elIsm,TadwkCBa¢Ún

1>2>3 kéRmesvakmµ n.e.s.

1>3 Bn§elIkarlk;enAeBlnaMcUl

1>3>1 Bn§elItémøbEnßm

1>3>2 Bn§elIplrbr 1>3>3 Bn§elIplitpl

1>3>4 Bn§elIkareRbIR)as; 1>3>5 Bn§elIkarlk; n.e.s.

2> kardak;kMhitelIbrimaN


DRAFT 11/29/2004

164

2>1 karecjGaCJab½NÑmankRmitkMNt; 2>1>1 GaCJab½NÑBiesssRmab;TMnijEdltamFmµtaRtUvhamXat; 2>1>2 GaCJab½NÑsRmab;muxTMnijEdlmanbBa¢ak; nig)anpþl;[ RbsinebIeKarB)antamlkçxNÐrdæ)al

2>1>3 GaCJab½NÑsRmab;muxTMnijEdlmanbBa¢ak; nig)anpþl;[ eTAtamkrNInImYy²edayELkBIKña 2>1>4 GaCJab½NÑEdlkMNt;lkçxNÐtamry³karTijplitplkñúgmUldæan

2>1>5 GaCJab½NÑsRmab;karnaMcUlBIRbeTsCaédKUCak;lak; 2>1>6 GaCJab½NÑEdlkMNt;lkçxNÐtamvtþmanénhirBaØb,TanBIxageRkA.

2>2 kUta 2>2>1 kUtaplitpl

2>2>2 kUtaRbeTs

2>2>3 kUtataragBn§Ky

2>2>4 kUtaP¢ab;CamYykarRbRBwtþelIkarnaMcUl

2>2>4 kUtatamrdUv 2>2>5 kUta n.e.s.

2>3 karhamXat; 2>3>1 karhamXat;TaMgRsug

2>3>2 karhamXat;tamrdUv ¬plitplksikmµ¦

2>3>3 karhamXat;beNþaHGasnñ 2>3>4 karhamXat;edaymankrNIelIkElgsRmab;RbeTsmYycMnYn

2>3>5 karhamXat;sRmab;eKalbMNgBaNiC¢kmµ 2>3>6 karhamXat;sRmab;TIkEnøgCak;lak;énRbeTsnaMcUl

2>3>7 karhamXat;elIkarnaMcUlBIRbeTsmYycMnYn.

3> R)ak; nigviFankarhirBaØvtßú 3>1 karkk;R)ak;CamunsRmab;karnaMcUl

3>2 GRtabþÚrR)ak;eRcIn

3>3 karkMhitelIkarEbgEckrUbiyb½NÑGnþrCati 3>4 Bn§elIRbtibtþikarbþÚrR)ak; 3>5 R)ak; nigvíFankarhirBaØvtßú n.e.s.

4> karvaytémøBn§Ky Ep¥kelItémøÉktþaminpøas;bþÚr 5> siT§ipþac;muxrbs;rdæelIBaNiC¢km µ


DRAFT 11/29/2004

165

5>1 RckcUlEtmYysRmab;karnaMcUl

5>2 lkçxNÐFanar:ab;rgedayRkumh‘unCati 5>3 lkçxNÐdwkCBa¢ÚnedayRkumh‘unkñúgRbeTs

5>4 siT§iGMNacpþac;muxrbs;rdæelIBaNiC¢kmµ n.e.s.

6> karcat;EcgGnueRKaHelIBaNiC¢kmµ 6>1 karcat;EcgGnueRKaHeRcInmuxelItaragBn§Ky

6>1>1 karGnueRKaHtamRbB½n§EtmYyelItaragBn§KysRmab;fñak;tMbn; nigGnutMbn; 6>1>2 karGnueRKaHtamRbB½n§BIrelItaragBn§KysRmab;fñak;tMbn; nigGnutMbn; 6>1>3 karGnueRKaHelItaragBn§KyGnþrtMbn;

6>2 karcat;EcgGnueRKaHeTVPaKIelItaragBn§Ky

6>3 karcat;EcgGnueRKaH n.e.s.

7> EbbbTBiesssRmab;karcUl


DRAFT 11/29/2004

166

]bsm<½n§ 3 tarageyag b¤ Tinñn½ybgðaj 1> plitplEdl)antaMgbgðaj :

1>1 cMnYnGñktaMgBiBN’ EdlbgðajRbePTplitpldUcrbs;Gñk

1>2 karcat;EcgEpñktaMgplitpl b¤ saltaMgplitpl

2> RbePTTsSnikCntam : 2>1 ePJóvCaGñkCMnYj nigminEmnGñkCMnYj

2>2 BaNiC¢kmµ b¤ vís½yrg

2>3 CMhrRkumh‘un

2>4 sBa¢ati 3> GñktaMgBiBN’ :

3>1 RbePTRkumh‘unEdltaMgBiBN’ 3>2 sar³sMxan;énRkumh‘unEdltaMgBiBN’ 3>3 cMnYn nigRbPBedIménRkumh‘unbreTs

3>4 cMnYnePJóvmkTsSnapÞal; nigminpÞal; 3>5 cMnYn nigGtþsBaØaNBiBN’Cati

4> KuNPaB :

4>1 sßanPaBenAkñúgBaNiC¢kmµ 4>2 etI)anbegáItry³eBlyUrb:uNÑaehIy

4>3 cMnYn nigKuNPaBénB½t’man Edl)anpþl;edayGñkcat;Ecgnana TTYl)anEbbNa 4>4 eKalkarN_GnuBaØat[TsSnikCncUlTsSna 4>5 etIGñkcat;EcgcuHpSayCasaFarN³EbbNaGMBIBiBN’ 4>6 esvakmµEdl)anpþl;eTA[GñktaMgBiBN’

5> B½t’mansMxan;²epSgeTot : 5>1 PaBRbkYtRbECgenAkñúgBiBN’ 5>2 kalbriecäTebIk nigbiTBiBN’ 5>3 éføsRmab;TIkEnøgtaMg karEtglm¥ esvakmµ karsagsg;sþg; kardwkCBa¢Ún nigbuKÁlikenAmUldæan

5>4 TMhMsþg;CamFüm.


DRAFT 11/29/2004

167

]bsm<½n§ 4 tarageyagsRmab;B½t’manGMBIBiBN’EdleRCIsyk 1> eQµaHBiBN’ 2> TIkEnøg nigkalbriecäT

3> eQµaH nigGasydæanénGñkcat;Ecg nigbTBiesaFn_rbs;BYkeKenAkñúgkarerobcMBiBN’ 4> RbePT nigeKalbMNgénBiBN’ - RbePTplitpl¼]sSahkmµEdldak;taMg nigkarykcitþTukdak;. eKal

karN_GnuBaØat[saFarNCncUlTsSna 5> PaBjwkjab; nigPaBl,Il,ajénBiBN’ 6> ehtuplsRmab;karelIkesñI[cUlrYm eKalbMNgCak;lak; 7> RbePTplitplEdl)anelIkesñIsRmab;kardak;taMg

8> karGegátGMBIkarrMBwgTukbzmxagTIpSarsRmab;RbePTmuxTMnijnImYy²TaMgenH ¬sUmGantarageyagB½t’man GMBITIpSar enATMB½r >>>>¦

9> TMhMTIlan b¤ sal nigrebobEbgEckTIlansRmab;taMg - Gñkmkdl;muneRCIsykmk} b¤Ep¥kelIkarcUlrYmBI munmk .l. faetIcat;CaRkumtamRbeTs b¤ tamplitpl

10> esckþIlMGiténBiBN’elIkmun ³ 10>1 cMnYnkartaMgenAfñak;CatinigRkumh‘unnImYy² RbeTscUlrYm RbePTénkartaMgbgðaj CaRbePTCati

CaRbePT{kitüanuPaB} b¤ epþatelIBaNiC¢kmµ RbtikmµtbénGñkcUlrYmmYycMnYn

10>2 cMnYnGñkcUlTsSna nigbMEbkrvagBaNiC¢kmµ nigsaFarNCn nigtamRbeTsedIm RbePT nigeKal bMNgénkarcUlrYménBaNiC¢kmµ

11> sm,TarUbvnþ : 11>1 vtþman esckþIGFib,ay nigéføtemøIgsþg; ¬sþg;Ca{erag}¦ tRmUvkar b¤ karpþl;eyabl;GMBI kartemøIg

sþg; b¤ BnøaedayxøÜnÉg

11>2 TIlanEdlmanCak;lak; - cUrbBa¢ak;faetICakEnøgebIkcMh b¤ manrbgB½T§CMuvíj TItaMgeFobnwglMhUr cracr nigkEnøgtaMgbgðajFM² lkçN³smRsbsRmab;bnÞúkF¶n; vtþmanesvakmµ éfø¼»sanvaTsRmab; kardak;BaküsMu

11>3 éføTIlansRmab;taMg niglkçN³edayELkénbrikçar nigesvakmµEdlmanbBa©Úl. mankareFVIsm,Tan BiessEdrb¤eT

11>4 vtþmankarEtglMG¼éføEtglm¥ 11>5 kalbriecäTbiTkarTTYlBaküsMukEnøgtaMg. ry³eBlEdlmansRmab;kareRCIserIs.

11> lkçN³énkarbgðajEdl)anelIkesñI :


DRAFT 11/29/2004

168

11>1 RbFabT TidæPaBCasñÚl karbgðaj nigKMrUEdl)ankar TidæPaBénKMrUBiess

11>2 TIlanCak;lak; ¬TItaMg nigTMhM¦ Edl)anelIkesñI rYmCamYyehtupl. 12> EpnkarcUlrYmedayPñak;garenAmUldæan

13> vísalPaBénkarKaMRTEdlPñak;garenAmUldæanrMBwgcg;)an

14> karKaMRTEdl)anesñIsRmab;kargareXasnaEdlrYmTaMgkarpSBVpSay rYmCamYytYelxGMBIfvíka. elIsBIenH ³ 14>1 vtþmansmÖar³BIGñkcat;EcgerobcM sRmab;kareXasna 14>2 »sanvaTsRmab;kataLúk nigGRtaénkarpSBVpSay

14>3 vtþmanpÞaMgrUbPaBsRmab;pSBVpSayenAkñúgTIlantaMgBiBN’ 14>4 esvakmµpSBVpSayCasaFarN³rbs;GñkerobcM »sanvaT niglkçxNÐcaM)ac;.

15> karFanar:ab;rg nigkarcat;Ecgsnþisux

16> lkçxNÐénkarevcx©b;rbs;GñkerobcM 17> »sanvaTsRmab;karmkdl;énsþg; nigTMnij

18> kalbriecäTénTivaCatisRmab;RbeTseyIgenAkñúgBiBN’ RbsinebIman

19> TItaMgsNæaKar nigéføbnÞb; 20> sm,TasRmab;karsVaKmn_TTYl

21> sMeNInanasRmab;vas;lT§pl. cUrdak;P¢ab;eTAnwgsMeNIrbs;GñknUvc,ab;cmøgénral;ÉksarEdl)anBIGaCJaFrBiBN’ EdlrYmTaMg bTb,BaØtþi TRmg; bøg;rYm nigbøg;TItaMgsþg;nImYy² éføsRmab;TIkEnøgsþg;nImYy² nigesvaBiess TRmg;kic©snüaCYlTIkEnøg nigesva nigkataLúkBImun.


DRAFT 11/29/2004

169

]bsm<½n§ 5 BiBN’BaNiC¢kmµ ³ tarageyagGMBIkic©karsMxan;²1> munéf¶taMgBiBN ’

1>1 erobcMr)aykarN_RsavRCavTIpSar 1>2 begáItEpnkarTMnak;TMngTIpSar 1>3 begáItKeRmagfvíkadMbUg

1>4 eFVIkarcuHeQµaHsMuCYlTItaMg

1>5 kk;kEnøgsñak;enAtamsNæaKarsRmab;GñktaMgBiBN’ nigbuKÁlik

1>6 erobcMbBa¢ITMnak;TMngmnusSsMxan;² nigGasydæansMbuRt

1>7 esñIsMuÉksareXasna nigÉksarbEnßm B½t’mantamry³ TPO rbs;Gñk sþIBIGñktaMgBiBN’ 1>8 ENnaMdl; MoC b¤ TPO edaylMGit GMBIbTb,BaØtþiénkartaMgBiBN’ ¬suvtßiPaB bøg;sþg;.l.¦ nig

bTb,BaØtþi¼EbbbTxagsßab½nKy

1>9 cat;taMg nigCUndMNwgdl;Pñak;garKy¼dwkCBa¢Ún edIm,ICRmHbBa¢I nigRbKl;smÖar³taMgBiBN’ nigbgðaj

1>10 begðIyKeRmagfvíka 1>11 erobcMkmµvíFIpSBVpSayCasaFarN³¼karpSayBaNiC¢kmµ EdlrYmTaMg bBa¢IRbB½n§pSBVpSay nigÉksar

sRmab;EckpSaydl;GñksarB½t’man

1>12 e)aHBum<TRmg;ÉksarsRmab;kt;sMNYr nigTRmg;ÉksarepSgeTot

1>13 dakCUnesckþIRBagbøg;sþg; eTAGñkcat;EcgBiBN’sRmab;karGnum½tÉkPaB

1>14 cat;taMgbuKÁlikbeNþaHGasnñ 1>15 Rbkasdak;edjéfø nigeRCIserIssþg; 1>16 e)aHBum<snøwkB½t’manEdlbgðajGñktaMgBiBN’nigplitpl esovePAGasydæanniglixitGeBa¢Ij.l.

1>17 GnuvtþkmµvíFITUrs½BÞpÞal;xøÜnsRmab;eKaledAsMxan;²

1>18 ecjesckþIGeBa¢IjTUeTA ¬bBa¢ÚnlixitedaypÞal;¦

1>19 cat;EcgkarftrUbsþg; ¬k¦ sRmab;karpSayCasaFarN³ nig¬x¦sRmab;CaÉksar 1>20 erobcM[mankarsVaKmn_TTYlGñksarB½t’man nigBaNiC¢kmµ ¬GacCaBiFIEtmYyenAmunéf¶ebIkBiBN’¦

1>21 erobcMÉksarxøIsRmab;GñktaMgBiBN’mñak;²¼GñkRbcaMkarenAsþg; 1>22 ENnaMdl;buKÁlikTaMgGs;munnwgebIksemÖaFBiBN’.

2> enAkñúgéf¶taMgBiBN ’ 2>1 FanafamanmnusSRbcaMkarenAsþg;RKb;eBlTaMgGs; 2>2 FanafamankarsVaKmn_ePJóvTaMgGs; nigkt;Rtaral;karsaksYrrbs;BYkeK[)aneBjelj


DRAFT 11/29/2004

170

2>3 cUlrYmenAkñúgBiFITivaCati 2>4 cat;EcgBiFIsVaKmn_TTYl EdlrYmTaMg snñisITsarB½t’manpgEdr 2>5 FanafasmÖar³sRmab;EckmanRKb;RKan; Etminx¢Hx¢ay

2>6 TsSnasþg;déTeTotedIm,IbegáItTMnak;TMng nigvaytémøPaBRbkYtRbECg ¬b:uEnþRtUvmanmnusSRKb;RKan; enAsþg;rbs;xøÜn¦

2>7 rkSakarTMnak;TMngCamYyGñktaMgBiBN’ Pñak;gar GñkRKb;RKgBiBN’ 2>8 cat;Ecg[mankarNat;CYbCabnþCamYyePJóvtamkarcaM)ac; 2>9 víPaKlT§plsRmab;kartaMgbgðajnImYy²Caerogral;yb;. cat;víFankarEklm¥ ¬dUcCa erobcMsmÖar³

taMgeLIgvíj¦

2>10 erobcM nigpSBVpSayesckþIRbkasB½t’manGMBIkarlk;sMxan;² .l

2>11 epJIr)aykarN_{eqøIytb} BIsaFarNCn sRmab;eRbIR)as;edIm,IbegáIn{karyl;dwgGMBIkarnaMecj} enA kñúgRbeTseyIg

2>12 FanafamankarsMGat nigkarBarsþg;)anRtwmRtUvCaerogral;yb;.

3> eRkayéf¶taMgBiBN’ 3>1 sMur)aykarN_BIGñktaMgBiBN’ 3>2 cat;EcgTukdak;sþg; nigsmÖar³taMg ¬bMpøajecal lk; nig¼b¤ naMecjCabnþ¦ RsbtamlkçxNÐKyenA

mUldæan

3>3 begðIykarvíPaKsßitilIral;sMNYrEdl)anTTYl tamRbeTs RbePTCMnYj plitplEdlesñIsMu.l.

3>4 eFVIkarvaytémøbzmGMBIlT§pl ³ cMnYnsMNYr cMnYnTIPñak;gar nigkarcat;Ecg GñkEckcay Edl)ancrca b¤ enAeRkamkarcrca cMnYn nigtYelxénkarlk;Edl)aneFVIeLIgenAeRkamkarcrca

3>4>1 bBa¢ÚntYelxcugeRkay

3>4>2 erobcM nigbBa¢Únr)aykarN_lMGiteTARbeTseyIgGMBIBiBN’TaMgmUl sþg;rbs;xøÜn niglT§pl sRmab;plitplnImYy²Edl)andak;taMgbgðaj

3>4>3 ykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkarTUTat;dl;buKÁlikbeNþaHGasnñ Gñkem:Akar nigGñkpÁt;pÁg; 3>4>4 pSBVpSay[)anqab;rh½snUvral;B½t’mansMxan;²TaMgGs;GMBITIpSarEdlRbmUl)ankñúgeBlBiBN’ 3>4>5 epJIr)aykarN_vaytémøpÞal;xøÜneTA TPO sRmab;GñktaMgBiBN’nImYy²

3>4>6 ykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkgVHcenøaHelIkareXasna nigkt;sMKal;GMBIkMENlm¥sRmab;elIkeRkay

3>4>7 epJIlixitEføgGMNrKuNeTAdl;GñkEdl)anCYyTaMgGs; 3>4>8 GnuvtþkmµvíFICYbCabnþ nigkareqøIyqøg


DRAFT 11/29/2004

171

3>4>9 ry³eBl 12 ExeRkayBiBN’ GnuvtþkarCYbCamYyGñktaMgBiBN’TaMgGs;edIm,IvaytémølT§pl ry³eBlEvg.

]bsm<½n§ 6 esvakmµeXasnaCRmujkarvinieyaK (IPS) rbs; UNIDO

tamry³esckþIseRmcénkic©RbCMueBjGgÁénGgÁkarshRbCaCati GgÁkarGPivDÆn_]sSahkmµshRbCaCa

ti (UNIDO)RtUv)anbegáIteLIgenAEx mkra qñaM 1967 {edIm,ICRmuj nigbegáInel,Ón]sSahUbnIykmµénRbeTs kMBugGPivDÆn_}. skmµPaBCRmujkarvínieyaKrbs; UNIDO ekItecjedaypÞal;BIesckþIEføgkarN_RkuglIm:a nig EpnkarskmµPaBqñaM 1975 EdlEcgfa plitkmµ]sSahkmµenAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ KYrEtlUtlas; cab;BI kRmitEdlmanRsab;enAeBlenaHEdlman 7° énplitplBiPBelak [dl; 25° rhUtdl; qñaM 2000.

UNIDO )anbegáItEpñkkmµvíFIshRbtibtþikarvínieyaK(ICPD) enARkugvIEy:n EdlCakarrksIucUlh‘unKña CamYyFnaKarBiPBelak(WB) edIm,ICRmujkarGPivDÆ]sSahkmµ nigCYyRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_kñúgkarTTYl)an hirBaØb,TanBIxageRkAsRmab;KeRmag]sSahkmµ. skmµPaBrbs; ICPD RtUv)anBRgIkenAkñúgqñaM1976 tamry³ karbegáItkariyal½y UNIDO CaelIkdMbUg enATIRkugRbU‘sEsl edIm,ICRmujkarvínieyaK nigkarepÞrbec©kvíTüa. kariyal½y IPS rbs; UNIDO taMgenARkugkULÚj ):arIs tUküÚ vIEy:n v:asUvÍ v:asIunetan DIsIu nig h‘YÚrIc. 1> eKalbMNg

kariyal½yTaMgenH eFVIkarCasMxan;elIkarBRgwgkarvínieyaKelIvís½y]sSahkmµkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ b:uEnþk¾Bak;B½n§pgEdrCamYykarEsVgrkbec©kvíTüasmRsb karpøas;bþÚrB½t’manGMBI»kasxagCMnYj karelIkkMBs;[ mankarTak;TgKñarvagGñkCMnYjnana nigkarpþl;B½t’manGMBIsm,Ta FnFan TItaMg nigPaBCaTIKab;citþénbNþaRbeT skMBugGPivDÆn_pgEdr. CaTUeTA IPS edIrtYCaGñkCRmuj[mankarelIkkMBs;karvínieyaK CaBiess kñúgnambNþa RbeTsEdlBMumankariyal½yvínieyaKenAkñúgTIkEnøgnana Edlkariyal½y IPS taMgenA.

eKalbMNgcMbgKW CRmujKeRmagshRbtibtþikar]sSahkmµ enAkñúgRBeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ EdlRtUvkar CMnajBIbreTs nig¼b¤ mUlFn nigmanlkçN³smRsbsRmab;karcUlrYménRkumh‘unbreTs tamry³karvínieyaK Tun karrksIucUlh‘unKña karecjGaCJab½NÑ nigTRmg;epSgeToténkarepÞrCMnaj PaBCaédKUkñúgeBlkMNt; nigral; karcat;EcgshRbtibtþikarnanaepSgeTot. KeRmagnana GacBak;B½n§CamYykarbegáItfµÍ b¤ karBRgIkshRKas EdlmanRsab;enAkñúgvís½y]sSahkmµNamYy. 2> muxnaTI


DRAFT 11/29/2004

172

UNIDO IPS pþl;esvaedayminKitéfø dl;RKwHsßanÉkCn nigsaFarN³ TIPñak;garhirBaØvtßú nigshRKa s]sSahkmµ nigdl;PaKIEdlmancMNab;GarmµN_epSgeTotenAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ nigRbeTseCOnelOn. IPS CYyenAkñúgdMNak;kaleFVIGtþsBaØaN nigGnuvtþKeRmag]sSahkmµ . edayELk EdlTak;Tgnwg ³ 3> B½t’man

GaCJaFrénrdæaPi)al GgÁkarCatMNag enAkñúgvís½y]sSahkmµ nigBaNiC¢kmµ enAkñúgRKwHsßanhirBaØvtßú nig Rkumh‘un]sSahkmµnImYy²enAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ TTYlB½t’manGMBIbec©kvíTüaEdlmanenAkñúgRbeTseCOn elOn nig¼b¤ kic©shRbtibtþikarEdlGacman CamYyRkumh‘unEdlsßitenAkñúgRbeTsTaMgenaH.

shRKasbreTsRtUv)anTTYlB½t’man edayeRCIserIsGMBIKeRmagnana enAeRkamkarKitKUrenAkñúgRbeTs kMBugGPivDÆn_ k¾dUcCaGMBIlT§PaBeFVIkic©shRbtibtþikarpgEdr.

UNIDO IPS CYyRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ tamkaresñIsMuenAkñúgkarerobcMkic©RbCuMedIm,IeXasnaCRmujkar vínieyaKenAkñúgRbeTsCam©as;pÞHén IPS . kic©RbCMuTaMgenH pþl;nUv»kasd¾l¥RbesIrsRmab;RbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ nImYy² edIm,ICUndMNwgGMBIlkçxNÐénkarvínieyaK nigedIm,IbgðajCUn nigBiPakSaCamYyPaKIEdlmancMNab;GarmµN_ Cak;lak;elIlT§PaBénkarvínieyaK.

4> Tak;TgCamYyédKUnana enAkñúgkic©RbwgERbgedIm,IEsVgrkédKUEdlmanskþanuBl UNIDO IPS CYyPaKInanaenAkñúgRbeTskMBug

GPivDÆn_ enAkñúgkarEsVrkédKUnanaEdlmancMNab;GarmµN_enAkñúgkarpþl;CMnaj nig¼b¤ hirBaØb,TansRmab;KeRmag ]sSahkmµ nigCYyRkumh‘unbreTskñúgkareFVIGtþsBaØaKeRmag nigédKUenAkñúgRbeTskMNugGPivDÆn_. UNIDO

IPS nwgCYyKeRmagEdlmanskþanuBl nigédKUshRbtibtþikar tamkarcaM)ac; enAkñúgkarFana[mankarGPivDÆ KeRmag nigdMNak;kalcrca.

5> kic©shRbtibtþikarCamYyGñk]btßmÖ enAkñúgkarbegáItKeRmag

CMnYyRtUv)anpþl; enAkñúgkarEsVgrkB½t’manGMBIRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ ¬lkçxNÐvínieyaK c,ab;vínieyaK nig sarCÍvkmµ karykBn§ karcat;EcgepÞrmUlFn nigbec©kvíTüa.l.¦ GMBIKeRmagCak;lak; ¬dUcCa éføedIm nigvtþman kmøaMgBlkmµ nigvtßúFatuedIm Bn§elIkarnaMcUl éføplit TMhMTIpSar éføvínieyaK¦ nig GMBIédKUKeRmagEdlman skþanuBlTaMgenAkñúgRbeTseCOnelOn nigRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_.

tamkarcaM)ac; CMnYyRtUv)anbegáIteLIgsRmab;karerobcMsikSabuerlT§PaB nigkarsikSalT§PaB nigenAkñúg karvíPaKKeRmag.

eyabl;nwgRtUvpþl;[Tak;Tgnwgkarbgðaj)anRtwmRtUvGMBIKeRmag nigkarbegáIthirBaØb,TanKeRmag. kargarenHTak;Tgnwgkarpþl;B½t’manGMBIRbPBhirBaØvtßúsmRsb nigkarbegáItTMnak;TMngedIm,ICYyvínieyaKinenAkñúg karEsVgrkhirBaØb,TanBITIPñak;garhirBaØvtßúGnþrCatinana nigRKwHsßan\NTan enAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ nigenA kEnøgepSgeTot.


DRAFT 11/29/2004

173

6> eKalkarN_kargar dUcmanbgðajenAkñúgesvakmµCaeRcInEbbEdl)ansegçbxagelI UNIDO IPS pþl;karKaMRTEdlman

eRcInCagkarRKan;EtbegáItKeRmagEdlTak;TgnwgTMnak;TMngKña. elIsBIenH kariyal½yenHCYyenAkñúgdMNak;kal nanaénkarcab;epþImbegáItKeRmag Edlmancab;BIkareFVIGtþsBaØaNCadMbUg nUv»kasRmab;KeRmag rhUtdl;KeRmag mYy)anerobcMrYcral;sRmab;Gnuvtþ. esvakmµnwgRtUvpþl;[eBjeljedaykariyal½ykNþalén UNIDO enA TIRkugvÍEy:n EdlmanlT§PaBTak;TgCamYyTaMgRKwHsßansaFarN³ nigÉkCnenAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_. GgÁkar enHk¾manTMnak;TMngCamYyFnaKarBiPBelak sarCÍvkmµhirBaØvtßúGnþrCati (IFC) nigFnaKarGPivDÆn_tMbn; nig mUldæanpgEdr nigeFVIkary:agCítsñiT§CamYysßab½nrdæaPi)al TIPñak;garhirBaØvtßú nigshRKasÉkCn TaMgenAkñúg RbeTseCOnelOn nigRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_.


DRAFT 11/29/2004

174

]bsm<½n§ 7 INCOTERMS éføTMnijbUkéfø karevcx©b;nig dak;sBaØanaMecj

nimµitsBaØaGnþrCati

EXW

esckþIBnül; eRkAkic©kar b¤eRkAeragcRk : éføEdl)ankMNt; KWsRmab;{lk;enATVar rbgeragcRk} nigCakEnøgEdlkmµsiT§iRtUv)anepÞreTA[GtifíCn. Gñk naMecjmanPar³sRmab;Etevcx©b;Fmµta ¬karevcx©b;BiessGacRtUvyk kéRmBIGtifíCn¦. ral;karcMNay nighaniP½yénkardwkCBa¢ÚnCabnÞúk rbs;GtifiCn. GñknaMecjRtUvEtCUndMNwgdl;GtifíCnenAeBleRtom TMnijrYc. GñknaMecjGacpþl;ÉksarcaM)ac; edIm,InaMecjTMnij dUcCa lixitbBa¢ak;RbPBedIm lixitbBa¢ak;suxPaB.l. b:uEnþGtifíCnCaGñk r:ab;rgbnÞúkcMNay. GñknaMecjGaccat;EcgkardwkCBa¢ÚnpgEdr CaBi essrhUtdl;Ep b:uEnþGtifíCnRtUvEtCaGñkbg;éfø.

bBa¢ÚnTMnijdl; sßanIy_rfePøIg b¤ rfynþdwkTMnij

FOR/FOT minKitéfø dl;pøÚvEdk : éføEdl)ankMNt;rab;bBa©ÚlkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijeday GñknaMecjeTAdl;sßanIy_rfePøIg EdlkarTTYlxusRtUvelITMnijRtUvepÞr eTAGtifiCn enAeBlTMnijsßitenAeRkamkarXMuRKgénGaCJaFrrfePøIg. GñknaMecj manPar³TTYlxusRtUvelIkarevcx©b;Fmµta. ral;kardwkCBa¢Ún nigcMNaydéTeTotcab;BIsßanIy_rfePøIgteTACabnÞúkrbs;GtifíCn sUm,I Etmankarcat;EcgedayGñknaMecjk¾eday. CYnkalehAfa FOT

(minKitéfødl;rfynþdwkTMnij). GñknaMecjmanPar³TTYlxusRtUvelIkarTTYl)anÉksardwkCBa¢ÚnCa Fmµta edIm,IRbKl;[GtifíCn nigCUndMNwgdl;GtifíCnfaTMnij)an bBa¢ÚnecjrYcehIy.

dwkCBa¢ÚneTA kMBg;Epnigdak; TMnijenACítnava

FAS minKitéfødl;EKmnava : GñknaMecjmanPar³TTYlxusRtUvelIkarFanafa mankarevcx©b;)anRKb;RKan;sRmab;dMeNIrq¶ay. Kat;manPar³TTYlxus RtUvelIkarbBa¢ÚnTMnijdl;elIEp tamFmµtaeTAXøaMgenAkMBg;Ep nig bBa¢ÚnTMnijqøgkat;Pñak;garKy. karRbKl; nigepÞrsiT§i eFVIeLIgenACít nava. GñknaMecjRtUvCUndMNwgdl;GtifíCnenAeBlTMnij)andl;kEnøg epÞrsiT§iehIy. kñúgkarkMNt;éføtamlkçxNÐ FAS GñknaMecjRtUvEtKit bBa©ÚléføesvakmµenAkMBg;Ep. lkçxNÐ FAS RtUvEtrYmbBa©ÚléføedIm,I


DRAFT 11/29/2004

175

bBa¢ÚnTMnijecjBInavatamry³{navatUcCag} b¤ saLg; k¾CaRbkarcaM )ac;pgEdr.

bBa¢ÚnTMnijdl; elInavanigerobcM ÉksarbBa¢Ún

FOB FOA

minKitéfødl;elInava : GñknaMecjTTYlxusRtUvelIkarevcx©b; nigRbKl; eTA[nava EdlkMNt;edayGtifíCn bUkral;GaCJab½NÑcaM)ac; nigkarcuH bBa¢ÍCamYyPñak;garKy. Kat;manPar³TTYlxusRtUvelIral;karcMNay nighaniP½yrhUtTMnij)anqøgkat;EKmnava EdlCacMNucepÞreTAGtifiCn minKitéfødl;elIynþehaH : dUcCa FOB Edr b:uEnþGñklk;bMeBjkatBV kic©edayRbKl;eTARkumh‘unGakascrN_CMnYs[nava.

FRC minKitéfø dl;cMNucEdl)ankMNt; : dUcCa FOB Edr elIkElgEtfa Gñklk;bMeBjaktBVkic©rbs;xøÜnrYcral; enAeBlRbKl;TMnijeTARkumh‘un enARtg;cMNucEdl)ankMNt;. GñknaMecjRtUvCUndMNwgeTAGtifíCnfa TMnijsßitkñúgsßanPaB FOB rYcehIy nigGacCYyGtifíCnkñúgkarcat; EcgÉksar dUcCa b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij lixitbBa¢ak;RbPBedIm .l. b:uEnþCaTUeTA bnÞúkcMNaysßitelIGtifíCn. GtifíCnCYlnava kk;kEnøg CUndMNwgeTAGñknaMecjGMBIesckþIlMGiténnava nigr:ab;rgral;éføcMNay enAeBlEdlTMnijqøgkat;kMNat;pøÚvEdkelInava.

éfødwkTMnij

(BIEpeTAEp)

CFR éfø nigkardwkTMnij (C&F) eTAEpEdl)ankMNt; : GñknaMecjbg;éfø ral;esvakmµ dUcCasRmab; CIF EdrelIkElgEt karFanar:ab;rg Edl CakarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GtifíCn. enAeBlnavamkdl;kMBg;EpCaeKal edA nig)anRbKl;b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnijeTA[GtifíCn ehIyTMnijkøayCa kmµsiT§irbs;Kat;. GtifíCn bg;ral;éføepÞrTMnij nigBn§Ky nigmanPar³ TTYlxusRtUvelIkarepÞrTMnijeTAkEnøgrbs;xøÜn.

karFanar:ab;rg tamsmuRT

CIF éfø Fanar:ab;rg nigkardwkTMnij : dUcKñanwg CFR Edr elIkElgEtGñk naMecjbg;éføFanar:ab;rgpgEdr. GñknaMecjcat;Ecgral;RbkarlMGit sRmab;karbBa¢ÚnTMnij dUcCa b½NÑdwkCBa¢ÚnTMnij eKalneya)ayFana r:ab;rg b¤ b½NÑFanar:ab;rg nigpþl;víkyb½Rt. Kat;evcx©b;TMnij cat;Ecg karbBa¢Ún nigbg;éfødwkTMnij nigéføFanar:ab;rgtamsmuRT. lkçxNÐ CIF Tak;TgCamYyGñknaMecj tamkic©snüacMnYnbI ³ 1> kic©snüalk; 2> kic©snüadwkCBa¢Ún


DRAFT 11/29/2004

176

3> kic©snüaFanar:ab;rg

CamUldæan CIF dUcCa CFR Edr b:uEnþ GñknaMecjmanPar³bEnßmelI karFanar:ab;rgtamsmuRT k¾dUcCa éføepSgeTotpgEdr. GñknaMecjRtUv Etbg;éføeKalneya)ayFanar:ab;rgtamsmuRT tamTRmg;EdlGacepÞr )an Tl;nwghaniP½yénkardwkCBa¢Ún. karFanar:ab;rg RtUvEteFVICamYy Rkumh‘unEdll,Il,ajxaglkçxNÐ FPA EdlRKbdNþb;éføTMnij nig Efm 10°. GñknaMecjRtUvr:ab;rgral;haniP½yrhUtTMnijqøgkat;EKm navaenAkMBg;EpCaeKaledA. GtifíCn manPar³TTYlxusRtUvelITMnij enAeBlEdl)anqøgkat;EKmnavarYcehIy.

bBa¢ÚnTMnijtam karcat;Ecgrbs; kMBg;EpGtifíCn enAeKaledA

EXS eRkAnava kMBg;EpCaeKaledA : PaBxusKñacMbgrvag EXS nig CIFsßit enARtg;fa kic©snüaeRkAnava haniP½y¼karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GñknaMecj RtUvbBa©b;EtenAeBlnavamkdl;kMBg;EpCaeKaledA ehIyTMnijRtUv)an eRtomCaeRscedIm,IepÞr. éføFanar:ab;rgminbBa©Úlkñúgéfø EXS eLIy.

éføQñÜlepÞr TMnijenAkMBg;Ep CaeKaledA

EXQ eRkAEp (Bn§bg;rYc): GñknaMecjbg;éfø nigTTYlxusRtUvelITMnij rhUt dl;eBlsßiteRkamkarcat;Ecgrbs;GtifíCn elIEpnavaenAkMBg;Ep Ca eKaledA. GñknaMecjbg;éføral;Bn§ nigéføesvaPñak;garKy. RtUvpþl; karevcx©b;)anRtwmRtUvsRmab;dMeNIrenH. ral;haniP½y nigéføCabnÞúk rbs;GñknaMecj rhUtdl;TMnijFøak;kñúgédGtifíCn.

bg;Bn§nigéfø dwkCBa¢ÚneTA[ GtifíCn

DCP karbBa¢ÚnTMnij b¤ dwkTMnij )anbg;éføeTA ...: GñknaMecjmanPar³ TTYlxusRtUv elIéfø nigEbbbTÉksarPñak;garKy rhUtdl;eKaledA EdlkMNt;edayGtifíCn EdlCakEnøgGtifíCnTTYlbnþkmµsiT§i nigkar TTYlxusRtUvelITMnij.

kardwkCBa¢Ún CIP karbBa¢ÚnTMnij b¤ dwkTMnij nig)anbg;éføFanar:ab;rgeTA...: dUcKñanwg

DCP b:uEnþ mankarbg;éføFanar:ab;rg. GnuvtþCaBiess sRmab;kardwk CBaÚ¢n tamrebobxusKñaCaeRcIn.

handbook for official trade representatives vs 2.0 kh · Éksarennamsrmabm®nþipøÚvkartmna;...

Documents