ecuaciones de diseño de reactores ideales)

7/24/2019 Ecuaciones de Diseo de reactores ideales)

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ndice

ndice........................................................................2ndice de Tablas.........................................................3

ndice de Figuras.......................................................4

3. Captulo III. Diseo de Reactores Qumicos.............

3.!. "C#$CI%&"' F#&D$("&T$)"' D" C%&'"R*$CI+& "& 'I'T"($' D"R"$CCI+&...............................................................................................5

3.2. F%R($''I(,)IFIC$D$'D")$"C#$CI+&-"&"R$)D"C%&TIID$D

93.2.1. FLUJOTAPN.................................................................................9

3.2.2. REACTORBATCH...........................................................................15

3.2.3. REACTORCONTINUODETANQUEAGITADO........................................19

3.3. DI'"%D"R"$CT%R"'ID"$)"'....................................................20

3.1.1. React! Batc" #! Lte$.....................................................20

3.%. Ec&ac'(e$ )e E(e!*+a #a!a ,$ !eact!e$ I)ea,e$.......................22


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Ingeniera de -a!' E)*a! C!)e!

ndice de TablasTa,a 1. E$ta)$ E$t/()a! #a!a ,$ C/,c&,$ )e Pte(c'a, Q&+'c Pa!a e,&$ e( ,$ e$t&)'$ )e, E4&','!' )e Reacc'( Q&+'ca6 7

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ndice de Figuras

N $e e(c&e(t!a( e,ee(t$ )e ta,a )e ',&$t!ac'(e$.

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3.Ca#+t&, III. D'$e8 )e React!e$Q&+'c$

3.1.ECUACIONES FUNDAMENTALES DECONSERVACINENSISTEMASDEREACCIN

C1emical Reactor $nalsis and Design -ilbert F. Froment 5ennet1 6. 6isc1o7

B'!) et a,. 1906: $t!a!( &(a ;!a *e(e!a, )e ,a ec&ac'( )ec(t'(&')a) )e ,a #a!a &(a e$#ec'e 4&+'ca j )e !eacta(te e( &( a!'a,e$ e$?

( )j j j jC

C Rt

+ + =

u J

( )3 1

+ ,a e$#ec'e j e$t/ #!e$e(te e( /$ )e &(a ;a$e: &(a ec&ac'( )ec(t'(&')a) c ,a a(te!'! t'e(e 4&e $e! e$c!'ta #a!a ca)a ;a$e.

React!e$ &,t';/$'c6

E$ta$ ec&ac'(e$ e$t/( !e,ac'(a)a$ >'(c&,a)a$ #! c()'c'(e$ )e;!(te!a = *e(e!a,e(te #! &( t@!'( 4&e e#!e$a ,a t!a($;e!e(c'a )ej e(t!e ,a$ ;a$e$. T@!'( )e '(te!ca' e(t!e ;a$e$6.Ta, t@!'( (

e$t/ '(c,&') e( ,a Ec. ( )3 1 : )e') a 4&e ,a $'*&'e(te )'$c&$'( e$t/

ce(t!a)a e( ,a$ >a!'a$ ;!a$ )e ,a ec&ac'( )e c(t'(&')a): #&e)eta! #a!a &(a ;a$e ('ca & "*@(ea #! ete($'( e( &( !eact!P$e&)"*@(e c &(a c($ec&e(c'a )e ,$ #at!(e$ )e


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t!a($'t!' 4&e e#!e$a ,a ac&&,ac'( >ac'a'e(t a*ta'e(t e$ e, #e!a)! (a,a )e,. E( c!)e(a)a$ !ecta(*&,a!e$: , ,x y zc(

>ect!e$ &('ta!'$ , ,x y z : e, *!a)'e(te )e &(a ;&(c'( e$ca,a! f e$

!e#!e$e(ta)a #! f = ,a )'>e!*e(c'a )e &( >ect! v #! v . -/$e#,+c'tae(te?

x y z

yx z

f f ff

x y z

vv v

x y z

= + +

= + +

v

A4&+ v : e$ e, >ect! >e,c')a) /$'ca #!e)' t!')'e($'(a,: )e(')#!

( )1

/N

j j

j

j f

M Cm s

== v v

)()e f e$ ,a )e($')a) )e ,a ec,a = ju !e#!e$e(ta ,a >e,c')a) )e ,a$

,@c&,a$ )e ,a e$#ec'e j . E, t@!'( e(t(ce$: ( )jC u ta e( c&e(ta

e, t!a($#!te )e a$a )e') a, ect'>.

E, t@!'( jJ e$ e, >ect! )e F,& ,a! )e ,a e$#ec'e j c( !e$#ect a

,a >e,c')a) /$'ca #!e)' 2/kmol m s .

C&a() e, ')a) e;ect'>a )e ,a e$#ec'e j e( ,a ec,a

&,t'c#(e(te.

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P! $&e$t: &(a ,e= )e )';&$'( &,t'c#(e(te /$ a#!#'a)a#)!+a $e! &$a)a: c e, ca$ )e ,a$ ec&ac'(e$ )e te;a(-ae,,.'$tea$ N )',&')$6

E( ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 2 : ,a ;&e!a t!' "a $') ta)a c ,e$ )e j

#! a$a tta, )e ac'( )e ,a a$a e( &( $'$tea!eacta(te. Ta, 4&e $' ca)a t@!'( )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 1 e$ &,t'#,'ca)

#! e, #e$ ,ec&,a! jM : = ,a ec&ac'( e$ e(t(ce$ $&a)a $!e e,

(e! )e e$#ec'e$ N : = ta() e( c&e(ta ,a !e,ac'( f j jj

M C = : $et'e(e ,a ec&ac'( )e c(t'(&')a) tta,? Re,ac'( e(t!e ,a ec&ac'( )ec(t'(&')a) #! e$#ec'e = c(t'(&')a) tta,6

( ) 0f ft

+ =

u

( )3 3

8 / , 0 g i n a


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E(t(ce$: $e )ee )e$taca! 4&e ,a ec&ac'( )e c(t'(&')a) &$&a, e$

ta'@( >/,')a #a!a &(a ec,a !eacc'(a(te. La ec&ac'( ( )3 3 #&e)e

$e! &$a)a #a!a !e$c!''! ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 1 e( &(a ;!a 4&e e$ &c"a$

>ece$ /$ c(>e('e(te #a!a c/,c&,$ )e !eact!e$. E, #!'e! )e ,$ )$t@!'($ #&e)e $e! !ea!!e*,a) c $'*&e?

( )j j j jC

C Rt

+ + =

u J

( )3 1

( )

( )

0

j j j

j f f

f f

j j j

f f

f f f

j j

f

f f

C C C

Ct t

C C C

t

C C

t

+ = +

= + +

= + +

u u

u u

u

)()e e, ,t' !e$&,ta ce!: )e ,a ec&ac'( )e c(t'(&')a) tta, )a)a

#! ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 3 . E$te !e$&,ta) $&*'e!e 4&e

( )/j fC moles de j por unidad de masa de mezcla e$ &(a >a!'a,e (at&!a, =

c(>e('e(te. E$t e$ )e') a 4&e /j fC $e !e,ac'(a )e a(e!a

$e(c',,a c( ,a c(>e!$'( ,a ee(c'(6: &(a >a!'a,e 4&e e$;!ec&e(tee(te &$a)a e( e, )'$e8 )e !eact!e$?

( ) ( )

00 0 00

/1

/

j j f j j j j

j

f f j f fj f

C C C N C C x

NC

= = =

( )3 4

)()e jN e$ e, (e! tta, )e ,e$ )e j #!e$e(te$ e( e, !eact!: e,

$&+()'ce ce! $e !ee!e a ,$ >a,!e$ )e e(t!a)a = ( )0 0

/j A A A

x N N N= .

C'(a() e, ,t' !e$&,ta) c( ,a$ ec&ac'(e$ ( )3 1 = ( )3 2 $e

,,e*a a ,a ec&ac'( e( t@!'($ )e ,a c(>e!$'(?

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( )0

j f

f j f jm j j

j

xx D x R

t C

+ =

u ( )3 5

La$ ec&ac'(e$ ( )3 1 = ( )3 5 $( )e "ec" ete($'(e$ )e ,a$ ec&ac'(

)e c(t'(&')a) = $( &t','a)a$ !a!a >e c( t)$ $&$ t@!'($(!a,e(te $, ,$ t@!'($ /$ '#!ta(te$ $( !ete(')$ e(

$'t&ac'(e$ #!/ct'ca$. '( ea!* ,a$ ec&ac'(e$. ( )3 1 ( )3 5 $(

t',e$ #a!a te(e! )'$#(',e &(a a$e ;&()ae(ta,.

La ec&ac'( ( )3 5 a$&e '#,+c'tae(te: 'ta! e$a$ c#,e')a)e$ate/t'ca$. E, ;act! )e #!#!c'(a,')a) e(t!e e, ')a) t&!&,e(ta )e !e,'(.C e$te eca('$ e$ c($')e!a) a te(e! ,a '$a ;&e!a t!'4&e ,a )';&$'( ,ec&,a!: ,$ )$ eca('$$ $( $&a)$ = ,a

c($ta(te )e #!#!c'(a,')a) e$ ,,aa) c )';&$'>')a) e;ect'>a effD .

E( @$ )e $&c(t!'&c'( t&!&,e(ta: ,a )';&$'( e;ect'>a e$ N '$t!#'ca.

, ,

,

0

j j j

f j f eff x f eff y

j f

f eff z j

j

x x xx D D

t x x y y

xD Rz z C

+ = +

+

u ( )3 6

C&a() e, !eact! c(t'e(e cata,'a)! $,'): e, #at!( )e


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!e$&,ta(te )e, e;ect )e ec,a) ca&$a) #! ,a #!e$e(c'a )e, $,')#&e)e $e! e#!e$a) e( ,a ;!a )e ,a ,e= )e F'c.

E( c($ec&e(c'a ,a ;!a )e ,a Ec. ( )3 6 ( $e a,te!a: $, 4&e a"!a ,a

)';&$'>')a) e;ect'>a c(t'e(e ,$ e;ect$ )e, e#a4&e.

3.2.FORMAS SIMPLIFICADAS DE LA ECUACINGENERALDECONTINUIDAD

e "a e(c'(a) 4&e ,a ec&ac'( ;&()ae(ta, )e c(t'(&')a) e$&$&a,e(te &= c#,ea #a!a $e! c(>e('e(tee(te !e$&e,ta #a!aa#,'cac'(e$ #!/ct'ca$ )e )'$e8 )e !eact!e$. De ta, a(e!a 4&e $' &(

/$ t@!'($ $( e,''(a)$ )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 6 =K $( &$a)$

#!e)'$ '(te*!a,e$ $!e ,a$ )'!ecc'(e$ e$#ac'a,e$: ,a ec&ac'( )ec(t'(&')a) #a!a ca)a c#(e(te $e !e)&ce a ,a$ ec&ac'(e$ )e ,$!eact!e$ t'# ')ea,e$. E( a)e,a(te $e &e$t!a c $e #&e)e( te(e!a #a!t'! )e ,a ec&ac'( ;&()ae(ta,.

3.2.1. F LUJOTAPN

E, !eact! T&&,a! )e a!'a)a: #! ee#,: e, !eact! #&e)e c($'$t'! )e &( t& c,ca) e(&( a8: &( t& c,ca) e( &(a c"a4&eta &( )ete!'(a) (e!)e t&$ '(e!$$ e( &( e)' )e e(;!'a'e(t #a!a 4&e e, !eact!#e!e '$t@!'cae(te. E, e)' )e t!a($;e!e(c'a )e ca,! )ee ''e(t ')@(t'ca$. D&!a(te e,


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4&e t)$ ,$ e,ee(t$ ta( ,a '$a a*('t&) ca(t')a) )e t'e##a!a >e!$e )e$)e ,a e(t!a "ac'a ,a $a,')a )e, !eact!. E, F,& ta#(#&e)e $e! )e$c!'t #! &( )e, )e @$ )e,!eact!: c( ,a $$'c'( )e 4&e e, #e!, )e >e,c')a) e$ #,a(. Ca)ata#( )e a)$ )e #e!ac'( F,& )e ca,! ( &(';!e a t!a>@$ )e ,a $ecc'( )e '(te!ca'

)e ca,!

La #!'(c'#a, )e$>e(taa )e e$te t'# )e !eact!e$ e$ ,a )'c&,ta) )ec(t!,a! ,a te#e!at&!a )e(t! )e, !eact!. E$t c( ;!ec&e(c'a c()&cea M#&(t$ ca,'e(te$: e$#ec'a,e(te $' ,a !eacc'( e$ et@!'ca. E,!eact! t&&,a! #&e)e e$ta! e( ,a ;!a )e &( $, t&: ,a!* e( &(a!!e*, )e !eact!e$ /$ c!t$ ac)a)$ e( &( a(c )e t&$.

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Figura 3.2. Reactor )ongitudinal

E$ &= c( 4&e e( ,$ !eact!e$: $e te(*a &( a,! )e ,a c(ce(t!ac'( #!e)': c,a! e$t/6 e( ,a$ecc'( t!a($>e!$a, )e c(ce(t!ac'( = te#e!at&!a #&e)e( $e! &$a)$e( ,&*a! )e ,$ >a,!e$ #&(t&a,e$ !a)'a,e$.

L a(te!'! #&e)e te(e!$e a #a!t'! )e ,a $'*&'e(te )e('c'( )e#!e)'?

1d

=

)()e !e#!e$e(ta a,*&(a >a!'a,e:

e$ ,a $ecc'( t!a($>e!$a, )e(t!

)e ,a ;!(te!a !+*')a = d dx dy = . P)e$ >e! 4&e >'!t&a,e(te t)$

,$ t@!'($ )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 6 c(t'e(e( #!)&ct$ )e ,a$ >a!'a,e$

)e#e()'e(te$: = ,a #!'e!a a#!'ac'( 4&e )ee $e! "ec"a e$ 4&e e,#!e)' )e, #!)&ct e$ ce!ca( a, #!)&ct )e ,$ #!e)'$ #!ee#,?

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jj

f z f z

xxu u

z z

F

E( e$te ca$: ,a a#!'ac'( $e!/ c,a!ae(te e! e( &( e,c')a) $(!e,at'>ae(te #,a($. La )'$c!e#a(c'a !ea, e$ '(t!)&c')a '(c!#!a)ae(6 e( ,$ cec'e(te$ )e t!a($#!te e;ect'>$: ,$ c&a,e$ $(e#+!'cae(te e)')$. Ot!a a#!'ac'( c(c'e!(e a, t@!'( )e!eacc'(?

( ) ( ), ,j j jR C T R C TF

E(t(ce$ ,a Ec&ac'( ( )3 6 $e c(>'e!te: )e$#&@$ )e ,a '(te*!ac'(

$!e ,a $ecc'( t!a($>e!$a, a, e,c')a) e( ,a )'!ecc'( )e, e,c')a)

,ca, >e!)a)e!a )e, e!$a, c#,eta:c $+ ( "&'e$e $,'): 4&e e$ ,,aa)a >e,c')a) $e!c'a,

( )3 m de fluido ! m de secci"n transversal s .

P! t!a #a!te: $e t'e(e &( )e, &(')'e($'(a,: $+ e, ect'> e$ c#,etae(te )'(a(te $!e e, t!a($#!te )';&$'>e( #a!t'c&,a!: e( ,a )'!ecc'( )e,


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0

0

j f

f j

j

j ff j

j

xu R

z C

xu Rz C

=

=

-'e(t!a$ ,a ec&ac'( )e c(t'(&')a)$e !e)&ce a

( ) 0fd

udz

=

E$ta ,t'a ec&ac'( e$ '(te*!a)a #a!a )a!?

( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )3 2

0/ / /

f

f f

d u dz

u u kg m m s cte # kg m s flux m$sico

= = = = = =

)()e # e$ &$&a,e(te ,,aa)a c >e,c')a) )e e,c')a) )e ,&@t!'c )e a,'e(tac'( ( )3 /m s =

d% e$ >,&e( )e, e,ee(t )';e!e(c'a, )e, !eact!. La '(te*!ac'( )a

a"!a?

( )

( )

,0 '

0 0

,0'

0

j

j

j j

j

j

j j

dxdz d% C

u &R x

dx%C

& R x

= =

= ( )3 9

!3 / , 0 g i n a


14/33


La ec&ac'( a(te!'!: $e e$c!'e /$ ;!ec&e(tee(te c?

( )

'

,0

j

j j j

dx%

& R x= ( )3 10

P! e)' )e 4&e ' ',0 0 ,0j j& & C= e$ ,a >e,c')a) ,a! )e a,'e(tac'( )e ,a

e$#ec'e ( )/j kmol s . La ,t'a ec&ac'( $e &$a #a!a )e$c!''! &( !eact!

)e


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3.2.2. REACTORBATCH

E, c(ce#t )e React! Batc" a$&e 4&e $e ca!*a( a, !eact! ="*e('a( )e a(e!a '($ta(t/(ea ,$ !eact'>$. Ta'@( $e a$&e4&e ,a te#e!at&!a )e a(e!a '(e)'ata a, e)' )e t!a($;e!e(c'a )eca,!. De ta, ;!a 4&e a &( ec,a) #e!;ect: ,a !eacc'( ta,&*a! a ,a te#e!at&!a )e, e)' )e t!a($;e!e(c'a )e ca,!.

Figura 3.3. Reactor 6atc1 >omog?neo

La *&!a &e$t!a )$ 4&',,a$ e( ,a #a!te $e!'!: #! ,a$ c&a,e$ $e!ea,'a ,a ca!*a )e, !eact!. A4&+: ,a !eacc'( e$ )ete(')a &(a >e 4&e $ea,ca(a e, *!a) )e c(>e!$'( )e$ea) /'. E, !eact! Batc" $e&$a ete($'>ae(te e( e, e$ca,a'e(t a !eact!e$ )e e$ca,a '()&$t!'a,.La $e,ecc'( e(t!e &( !eact! c(t'(& = &( !eact! #! ,te$: e$ c(;!ec&e(c'a c($ec&e(c'a )e c($')e!ac'(e$ e$#ec'a,e$.

L$ taa8$ )e ,$ !eact!e$ Batc": e$t/( e( e, !a(* )e e(

!eact!e$ #',t a e( #,a(ta$

'()&$t!'a,e$.

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P! t!a #a!te: c&a() $e !e4&'e!e( a=!e$ ca#ac')a)e$: e, )'$e8#)!+a '(c,&'! &(')a)e$ ,t'#,e$ a!!e*,a)a$ e( $e!'e.

E( #,a(ta$ #',t: &( $'$tea Batc" #&e)e $e! &$a) #a!a te(e!

'(;!ac'( #!e,''(a!: ta'@( $e &$a( #a!a te(e! #e4&e8a$ca(t')a)e$ )e &( #!)&ct (&e> c( ,a ')ea )e e>a,&ac'(e$#$te!'!e$: !e$#ect a $& #&!'cac'(: !e()''e(t$. A ('>e,e$'()&$t!'a,e$ e$t$ !eact!e$ $( &$a)$ e( ,a$ '()&$t!'a$ ;a!ac@&t'ca$:'4&+'ca$ e( #,a(ta$ )e &,t'#!)&ct$ = e( ,a$ '()&$t!'a$ )e#'(t&!a$.

E$t$ !eact!e$ !e4&'e!e( acce$ )'$#(',e )e ,$ a*'ta)!e$: e$#'!a,e$= t!$ )'$#$'t'>$ '(te!($ = #a!a ,a ,'#'ea.

Figura 4. Reactor 6atc1 "nc1a@uetado

La$ #!'(c'#a,e$ >e(taa$ )e &( !eact! Batc" $(?

'#,'c')a) e( $& c($t!&cc'( Pe4&e8$ c$t$ )e '($t!&e(tac'( F,e'',')a) e( ,a #e!ac'(

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La #!'(c'#a, )e$>e(taa e$ e, e,e>a) c$t )e a( )e !a e!ac'(. E$t$ ta( e( c&e(ta ,$ c$t$ = e, t'e# )e ,,e(a) )e!eact!: e, ca,e(ta'e(t a ,a te#e!at&!a )e !eacc'(: e(;!'a'e(t

)e$#&@$ )e acaa)a ,a !eacc'(: )e$ca!*a )e, c(te('): ,'#'ea )e,!eact! #a!a #(e!, ,'$t #a!a e, $'*&'e(te ,te. Ot!a )e$>e(taa e$ ,a)'c&,ta) #a!a c(t!,a! ,a t!a($;e!e(c'a )e ca,! = ,a ca,')a) )e,#!)&ct.

E$ >' 4&e ,a >e,c')a) )e !eacc'( '(c!ee(ta c( ,a te#e!at&!a =c( e, c(tact +(t' )e ,$ !eacta(te$. E( e$te $e(t'): ,a a*'tac'(ec/('ca #!&e>e e, @$ )e ,a c(>ecc'( ;!a)a)e a$a = c( e,,: ,a !e)&cc'( )e #e,+c&,a$ )e !e$'$te(c'a e( ,a$#a!e)e$ )e, !eact!. A)e/$ ,a a*'tac'(: !#e c&a() e$ e, ca$6 ,$

c(*,e!a)$ )e $,') e '(c!ee(ta ,a $e!c'e )e c(tact c( ,a$e$#ec'e$ Reacc'(a(te$ ce!ca(a$.

A"!a 'e(: >a=a$ a ,a ec&ac'( 4&e )e,a )'c" c#!ta'e(t.

Ot!a ;!a $'#,'ca)a )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 7 c&a() e, !eact! e(te!

#&e)e c($')e!a!$e &(';!e: #e!a() a c()'c'(e$ )e ec,a)c#,et. A4&+ $e #&e)e #!e)'a! $!e t)a$ ,a$ )'!ecc'(e$

e$#ac'a,e$: ta, 4&e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 7 #&e)e $e! '(te*!a)a $!e z .

j jx x dz%

De') a $$'c'( )e &(';!')a) c#,eta: ( e$ (ece$a!'c($')e!a! e, t@!'( )e t!a($#!te e;ect'>. E( e, ca$ Batc": c&a() e,


18/33


( ),0j j jd

N x R %dt

=

)()e ( )0 0 0 0 0/f f j j j% C % C N = = : e$ e, (e! tta, )e ,e$ )e j

#!e$e(te$ '('c'a,e(te. jN e$t/ !e,ac'(a) a 0jN #! e)' )e

( )0 1j j jN N x= : ta, 4&e $e t'e(e )e a(e!a (a,?

j

j

dNR %

dt=

( )3 12

e( ;!a '(te*!a,?

j

j

dN

R %= ( )3 13

E$ta e$ ,a ec&ac'( )e a,a(ce )e ate!'a #a!a &( !eact! )e t'# Batc".E, t$+, e$ !e#,aa) #! &( $+, /$ &$&a, : e, t'e# )e!e$')e(c'a.

!: / , 0 g i n a


19/33


3.2.3. REACTORCONTINUODETANQUEAGITADO.

Pa!a e, !eact! c(t'(& c#,etae(te a*'ta): e$ t', ce(a! )e ,aec&ac'( )e c(t'(&')a) !e)&c')a e( t@!'($ )e c(ce(t!ac'(e$:

a(/,*a a ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 7 #e! $'( t@!'( )e )';&$'(6?

j j

j

C uCR

t z

+ =

( )3 14

E, c&a, c()&ce: )e$#&@$ )e ,a '(te*!ac'( $!e z = ,a &,t'#,'cac'(

#! ?

( ) j

j j

d &d%C dz R %

dt dz+ = ( )3 15

)e') a 4&e?

'j jj

& & CuC = =

)()e '& e$ ,a >e,c')a) )e ,&@t!'c ( )3 /m s . + ,0j& = ,j e&

!e#!e$e(ta( ,$


20/33


La c&a, e$ e, a,a(ce )e a$a #a!a &( !eact! )e ta(4&e a*'ta) e(

/,')a #a!a e, $'$tea.

Pa!a a!!'a! a )'c"a$ e#!e$'(e$: $( )e &t',')a) ,a$ $'*&'e(te$e#!e$'(e$ )e(')a$ c( a(te!'!')a) e( t!a$ $ecc'(e$ )e e$te

)c&e(t6?

0

0

A A

A

N N(

N

=

ConAersiBn

( )3 19

/A AC N %=RelaciBn entre concentraciBn el &mero de (oles

( )3 20

2= / , 0 g i n a


21/33


0

0

0

0 0

T

T

) NT *% %

) T * N

=

RelaciBn lineal para el cambio de Aolumen en una reacciBn gaseosa

( )3 21

O0

0

0 0

1 1AT

A

T T

NN( y (

N N

= + = +

Cambio del nmero de moles en una reacciBn

( )3 22

)()e?

1

1i n

i

i A

d c '

a a a

=

=

= = + + ( )3 23

C+A + C

A Ar r r

= = RelaciBn entre las Aelocidades de apariciBn desapariciBn de todas las

especies

( )3 24

E( a,*&(a$ ca$'(e$: e$ /$ (at&!a, !e#!e$e(ta! ,$ ;e(e($ )e!eacc'( e( t@!'($ )e ,a c(>e!$'( 4&e "a $e a,ca(a: $' e$te e$ e,

ca$: ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 12 : ta ,a ;!a?

( )

( )

0 0 0

0

1

1

AA

A A A A

A A

dNR %

dt

N (N N N (

dN ( R %

dt

=

= + =

=

e(t(ce$: #a!a e, ca$ )e

0

A

A

d( %R

dt N=

( )3 25

E( ,a e#!e$'( a(te!'!: e>')e(tee(te AR ta'@( t'e(e 4&e

e#!e$a!$e e( t@!'($ )e (: = , a(te!'! #&e)e !ea,'a!$e a t!a>@$ )e,

&$ )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 19 .

U(a $'#,'cac'( >'a,e: e( ,a e#!e$'( a(te!'! ( )3 25 : e$ e, ca$ e(

4&e ,a !eacc'( $e ,,e>a a >,&e( c($ta(te )'c" )e t!a a(e!a:)&!a(te ,a !eacc'( ( ca'a e, >,&e(. E( e$te ca$: $e #&e)e(

2! / , 0 g i n a


22/33


te(e! )$ e#!e$'(e$ a,te!(at'>a$: 4&e e( !ea,')a) $( ,a '$a: $,4&e e$c!'ta e( t@!'($ )e t!a$ >a!'a,e$.

E( #!'e! t@!'(: #a!ta$ )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 12 : = "a*a$ &$ )e ,a

!e,ac'( e(t!e ,a c(ce(t!ac'( ,a! = e, (e! )e ,e$: )a)a #! ,a

ec&ac'( ( )3 20 a#,'c/(),a a, ca$ )e 4&e e, >,&e( )e, $'$tea )e

!eacc'(: $ea c($ta(te.

( )

j

j

A

A

dNR %

dt

d %CR %

dt

=

=

( )3 12

c $e "a )'c" 0% %= : e(t(ce$?

0 0A

A

dC% R %

dt=

AA

dCR

dt= ( )3 26

La t!a #$'',')a) e$ e$c!''! ,a >e!$'( e( t@!'($ )e ,a c(>e!$'( )e,a ec&ac'( a(te!'! 4&e e$ ,a ec&ac'( #a!a &( !eact! Batc" #a!a &(

$'$tea )e !eacc'( 4&e ( ca'a )e >,&e( 'e(t!a$ t!a($c&!!e e,ca' 4&+'c6. Pa!a e,,: e'$te( )$ ca'($: 4&e '(>a!'a,ee(te)ee( ,,e>a! a, '$ !e$&,ta).

e #&e)e #a!t'! )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 26 = "ace! &$ )e: ta(t ,a ec&ac'(

( )3 19 : c ,a ( )3 20 c,a! e$t/: ta() e( c&e(ta 4&e e, >,&e(

)e, $'$tea )e !eacc'( e$ '(>a!'a(te )&!a(te e, t!a($c&!$$ )e ,a

!eacc'(. O 'e( #a!t'! )e ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 25 = &$a! ,a !e,ac'( e(t!e

c(ce(t!ac'( = F,& ,a!: ec&ac'( ( )3 20 . E$t ,t' e$ , /$$e(c',,?

0 0 0

0 1A A A

A A A

%d( %R R R

dt N N C = = = ( )3 25

22 / , 0 g i n a


23/33


0

1A

A

d(R

dt C=

( )3 27

23 / , 0 g i n a


24/33


"emplo 3.!. e 4&'e!e ,,e>a! a ca ,a $'*&'e(te !eacc'(?2kA +

Pa!a e,, $e )'$#(e )e &( !eact! #! ,te$: 4&e t'e(e &( >,&e( )e

. E, !eact'> A t'e(e &(a c(ce(t!ac'( '('c'a, )e .

e c&e(ta c( ,a $'*&'e(te '(;!ac'( c'(@t'ca #a!a )'c" $'$tea?

2A Ar k C =

( )

1

2 300 0.0015k T , s

= =2

15,000 /A- kcal mol=

$e )e$ea $ae!: c&/, e$ e, t'e# (ece$a!' #a!a 4&e )'c" $'$tea a,ca(ce&(a c(>e!$'( 0.8(= .

'oluciBn.

C ,$ )at$ )e, #!,ea e$t/( e( t@!'($ )e c(ce(t!ac'(e$ = ( "a='()'c'$ 4&e &e$t!e( 4&e )&!a(te ,a !eacc'( "a= ca' )e >,&e(: ,a

e#!e$'( )e c(>e('e(c'a e$ ,a ec&ac'( ( )3 26 : 4&e e#!e$a)a e( ;!a'(te*!a, e$?

( ) ( ) ( )

( )

0

0 0 0

22 2

0.8

20

1 11 1

1

A A A

A A A

(

(

kd(R k C C ( k (

dt C C C

d(t

k (

=

=

= = = =

=

E$ta e#!e$'( t'e(e $,&c'( a,*e!a'ca e#,'c'ta?

2 0

1 1

1

(t ln

k (

=

Q&e c( (&e$t! $'$tea e( #a!t'c&,a!?

1 1 0.8ln 476.49

0.0015 1t s

= =

24 / , 0 g i n a


25/33


E$te $'$tea "a $') !e$&e,t e( e, $a,( c( P,=at" = ,$ !e$&,ta)$ $e&e$t!a( a c(t'(&ac'(?

2 / , 0 g i n a


26/33


t sE t sE t sE t sE

0.000.00

33%.SS

0.39

1.0S

0.3

97S.S

0.77

25.S

0.0

%

3%3.

%7

0.%

0

9.

0.

3

9S7.2

7

0.7

73%.%

%0.05

30.%

0.%2

7S.2%

0.%

100%.%%

0.7S

%3.03

0.0

39.22

0.%3

S.S3

0.%

1013.02

0.7S

0.20

0.09

377.S0

0.%3

70%.00

0.5

1021.0

0.7S

S.7S

0.10

3S.39

0.%%

712.5S

0.

1030.19

0.79

77.3

0.11

%03.5

0.%5

721.1

0.

10%7.3

0.79

S5.95

0.12

%12.1%

0.%

729.75

0.7

1055.9%

0.79

103.12

0.1%

%20.72

0.%7

7%.92

0.7

10%.52

0.S0

111.

70

0.1

5

%29.

31

0.%

7

755.

50

0.

S

1073.

00

0.S

0120.2S

0.17

%%.%S

0.%9

7%.0S

0.S

12S.S7

0.1S

%55.0

0.%9

772.7

0.9

1%.0%

0.20

%3.%

0.50

7S9.S%

0.9

15%.2

0.21

%72.23

0.51

79S.%2

0.70

13.20

0.22

%S9.%0

0.52

S07.00

0.70

171.79

0.23

%97.9S

0.53

S15.59

0.71

1SS.9

0.25

50.5

0.53

S32.7

0.71

197.5%

0.2

515.15

0.5%

S%1.3%

0.72

20.12

0.27

532.32

0.55

S%9.92

0.72

21%.71

0.2S

5%0.90

0.5

S5S.51

0.72

231.SS

0.29

5%9.%S

0.5

S75.S

0.73

2%0.%

0.30

55S.07

0.57

SS%.2

0.73

2%9.0%

0.31

575.2%

0.5S

S92.S%

0.7%

257.3

0.32

5S3.S2

0.5S

901.%3

0.7%

27%.S0

0.3%

592.%0

0.59

91S.0

0.75

2S3.3S

0.35

00.99

0.59

927.1S

0.75

291.9 0.35 1S.1 0.0 935.7 0.75300.55

0.3

2.7%

0.1

9%%.35

0.7

317.72

0.3S

35.32

0.1

91.52

0.7

32.30

0.39

%3.91

0.2

970.10

0.77

28 / , 0 g i n a


27/33


"emplo 3.2. e ,,e>a a ca ,a '$a !eacc'( 4&e e( e, ee#, 1: $, 4&ea"!a: ,a te#e!at&!a )e, $'$tea )e !eact! e$ )e 310T ,= ?

'oluciBn.

e $ae 4&e?

1

2 03000.0015

A-

RT

T ,k s A e

= = =

e(t(ce$?

( ) ( )

1 1

0 15000 /

1.987 300

8

2

0.0015 0.0015

0.

1.

00

272 10

337769

A- kcal kmol

,RT

s sA

e e

k

= = =

=

)a)a e$ta te#e!at&!a: e, t'e# (ece$a!': a"!a e$

1 1 0.8ln 1072.96

0.00337769 1t s

= =

29 / , 0 g i n a


28/33


"emplo 3.3. e ,,e>a a ca ,a '$a !eacc'( 4&e e( e, ee#, 1: $, 4&ea"!a: $e ,,e>a( a ca ,a$ $'*&'e(te$ !eacc'(e$: )e a(e!a $'&,t/(ea?

1kA (3kA .

e c&e(ta c( ,a $'*&'e(te '(;!ac'( c'(@t'ca a)'c'(a,.

1 1Ar k =

2 2A Ar k C =

3

2

3A Ar k C =-3 1

1 0.0001k mol dm s=

1

2 0.0015k s=3 -1 1

3 0.008k dm mol s

=1

10,000 /A- kcal kmol=



'oluciBn.

E( e$te ca$: c =a $e "a+a e(c'(a): "a= 4&e e$c!''! &(a ec&ac'( )ec(t'(&')a) #! e$#ec'a: #a!a ca)a e$#ec'e 4&e ;!a #a!te )e, $'$tea: e$te$?

21 2 3 A

AAdC k k C k C

dt =

1(dC k

dt=

2+

A

dCk C

dt=

2

3.

A

dCk C

dt=

La$ e#!e$'(e$ a(te!'!e$: e$c!'ta$ e( t@!'($ )e ,a$ c(>e!$'(e$: a #a!t'!)e ,a ec&ac'( : $(?

( ) ( )0 0

0

21 2 31 1A A

A

k k C ( k C ( d(

dt C

+ + =

0

1

A

kd(

dt C=

( )2 1d(

k (dt

=

2: / , 0 g i n a


29/33


( )0

2

3 1A

d(k C (

dt=

A c(t'(&ac'( $e &e$t!a( ,$ !e$&,ta)$ te(')$ c( P,=at"?

"emplo 3.4. , $e ,,e>a ,a $'*&'e(te !eacc'(?

2 2kA +

#e!a(ece( ,$ $'*&'e(te$ )at$ c'(@t'c$?

2 2A Ar k C =

1

2 0.0015k s=


'oluciBn.

E( e$te ca$: c =a $e "a+a e(c'(a): "a= 4&e e$c!''! &(a ec&ac'( )ec(t'(&')a) #! e$#ec'a: #a!a ca)a e$#ec'e 4&e ;!a #a!te )e, $'$tea: e$te$?

2; / , 0 g i n a


30/33


2

1 2 3 A

AA

dCk k C k C

dt=

1(

dCk

dt

=

2+

A

dCk C

dt=

2

3.

A

dCk C

dt=

La$ e#!e$'(e$ a(te!'!e$: e$c!'ta$ e( t@!'($ )e ,a$ c(>e!$'(e$: a #a!t'!)e ,a ec&ac'( : $(?

A c(t'(&ac'( $e &e$t!a( ,$ !e$&,ta)$ te(')$ c( P,=at"?

3.1.2. React! C(t'(& )e Ta(4&e A*'ta) CTR6

La ec&ac'( )e )'$e8 )e &( !eact! CTR: e$t/ )a)a #! ,a ec&ac'(

( )3 12 : $'( ea!* e'$te( >a!'a$ )'cac'(e$ a )'c"a e#!e$'(: )e

,a$ c&a,e$ $e ca &(a & t!a: )e#e()'e() )e ,$ )at$ )'$#(',e$ =)e $' e'$te( ( $'#,'cac'(e$ >/,')a #a!a e, $'$tea.

3= / , 0 g i n a


31/33


Pa!a a!!'a! a )'c"a$ e#!e$'(e$: $( )e &t',')a) ,a$ $'*&'e(te$e#!e$'(e$ )e(')a$ c( a(te!'!')a) e( t!a$ $ecc'(e$ )e e$te)c&e(t6?

0

0

A A

A

N N(

N

=

ConAersiBn

( )3 19

A A& vC=Fluo *olum?trico

( )3 20

a c(t'(&ac'( $e )e(e( )$ /$?

0

% %olumen

v &lujo %olum/trico = = =

"spacio Tiempo

( )3 21

0

0(condiciones iniciales)

A

A

%elocidad de Reacci"n de A

%elocidad Convectiva de A

r %Da

&

= =

&mero de DamGH1ler para ReacciBn

( )3 22

E(t(ce$: )e ,a ec&ac'( )e )'$e8 #a!a &( CTR = )e ,a ec&ac'( 221?

( )0A

A salida

& (%

r=

( )3 12

e t'e(e , $'*&'e(te?

0

0

A

A

C (%

v r= =

( )3 27

La e#!e$'( ta &(a ;!a (a,: a, $&$t't&'! ,a e#!e$'( c'(@t'cac!!e$#()'e(te. P! ee#, $+ $e t!ata )e &(a >e,c')a) )e #!'e!!)e(?

( )0

1A A Ar kC kC ( = = ( )3 28

e t'e(e?

3! / , 0 g i n a


32/33


1

1

(

k (

= ( )3 29

Q&e $e #&e)e e$c!''! c?

1

k(

k

=

+( )3 30

A)e/$ &(t c( ,a $'*&'e(te e#!e$'(?

1

k(

k

=

+( )3 31

32 / , 0 g i n a


33/33


3.4.Ecuacion! " En#$%a &a#a 'o! #ac(o#!I"a'!

C

ecuaciones de diseño de reactores ideales)

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