trabajo-exposicion de ingles.docx

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Introduction

Rotary drilling uses a sharp, rotating drill bit to dig down through the Earth's crust. Much

like a common hand held drill, the spinning of the drill bit allows for penetration of even

the hardest rock. The idea of using a rotary drill bit is not new. In fact, archeological

records show that as early as 3000 B.C., the Egyptians may have been using a similartechnique. Leonardo Da Vinci, as early as 1500, developed a design for a rotary drilling

mechanism that bears much resemblance to technology used today. Despite these

precursors, rotary drilling did not rise in use or popularity until the early 1900's. Although

rotary drilling techniques had been patented as early as 1833, most of these early

attempts at rotary drilling consisted of little more than a mule, attached to a drilling

device, walking in a circle! It was the success of the efforts of Captain Anthony Lucas and

Patillo Higgins in drilling their 1901 'Spindletop' well in Texas that catapulted rotary drilling

to the forefront of petroleum drilling technology.

While the concept for rotary drilling (using a sharp, spinning drill bit to delve into rock) is

quite simple, the actual mechanics of modern rigs are quite complicated. In addition,

technology advances so rapidly that new innovations are being introduced constantly. The

basic rotary drilling system consists of four groups of components. The prime movers,

hoisting equipment, rotating equipment, and circulating equipment all combine to make

rotary drilling possible.


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Rotary rig system components

1. Bit: The cutting or boring element used in drilling oil and gas wells. This bit consists of acutting element and a circulating element.

2. Bit sub: A sub designed to be inserted between the drill collar and the bit3. Drill collars: A heavy, thick-walled tube, usually steel, used between the drill pipe and thebit in thedrill stem to provide a pendulum effect to the drill stem and weight to the bit.4. Drill pipe: Heavy seamless tubing used to rotate the bit andcirculate the drilling fluid.5. Kelly saver sub: is a saver sub that fits in the drill stem between the kelly and drill pipe. The

threads of the drill pipe mate with those of the saver, minimizing wear on the kelly.

6. Kelly: The heavy steel member, three-, four-, six-, or eight-sided, suspended from theswivel through therotary table and connected to the topmost joint of drill pipe to turn the

drill stem as therotary table turns.

7. Rotary hose and standpipe: A reinforced flexible tub on arotary drilling rig that conductsthe drilling fluid from thestandpipe to theswivel andkelly.And standpipe is a vertical pipe

rising along the side of thederrick ormast,which joins the discharge line leading from themud pump to therotary hose and through which mud is pumped going into the hole.

8. Swivel: Arotary tool that is hung from the rotary hook and travelingblock to suspend thedrill stem and to permit it to rotate freely.

9. Hook: the large hook mounted on the bottom of the traveling block and from which theswivel is suspended.

10.Traveling block: An arrangement of pulleys, or sheaves, through which drilling line isreeved and which moves up and down in thederrick ormast.

11.Wireline: A small-diameter metal line used in wireline operations. Also called slick line.12.Crown block: The set of pulleys or sheaves at the top of themast on arig.13.Rotary: The machine used to impart rotational power to thedrill stem while permitting

vertical movement of the pipe forrotary drilling.

14.Drawworks: The hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig. It is essentially a largewinch thatspools off or takes in thedrilling line and thus raises or lowers thedrill stem and bit.

15.Prime movers and compound: An internal-combustion engine or a turbine that is thesource of power for driving a machine or machines.

16.Mud pump: A large, high-pressurereciprocating pump used to circulate the mud on adrilling rig.

17.Mud pit: An open pit dug in the ground to holddrilling fluid or waste materials discardedafter the treatment of drillingmud.

18.Mast or derrick: A large load-bearing structure, usually of bolted construction.19.Substructure: The foundation on which thederrick ormast and usually the drawworks sit.

It contains space for storage and well-control equipment.

20.Blowout preventer (BOP) stack: is a large, specializedvalve used to seal, control andmonitoroil and gas wells.
http://oilgasglossary.com/drill-stem.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/circulate.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/swivel.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/rotary-table.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/drill-stem.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/rotary.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/rotary.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/standpipe.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/swivel.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/kelly.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/derrick.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/mast.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/rotary-hose.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/rotary.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/block.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/drill-stem.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/derrick.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/mast.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/mast.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/rig.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/drill-stem.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/rotary-drilling.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/winch.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/drilling-line.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/drill-stem.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/reciprocating-pump.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/drilling-fluid.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/mud.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/derrick.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/mast.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valvehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_wellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_wellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valvehttp://oilgasglossary.com/mast.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/derrick.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/mud.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/drilling-fluid.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/reciprocating-pump.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/drill-stem.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/drilling-line.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/winch.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/rotary-drilling.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/drill-stem.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/rig.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/mast.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/mast.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/derrick.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/drill-stem.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/block.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/rotary.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/rotary-hose.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/mast.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/derrick.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/kelly.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/swivel.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/standpipe.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/rotary.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/rotary.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/drill-stem.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/rotary-table.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/swivel.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/circulate.htmlhttp://oilgasglossary.com/drill-stem.html


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