soluciones de compromiso en la selecciÓn del metodo extractivo minero

8/19/2019 SOLUCIONES DE COMPROMISO EN LA SELECCIÓN DEL METODO EXTRACTIVO MINERO

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SOLUCIONES DE COMPROMISO EN LA SELECCIÓN DELMETODO EXTRACTIVO MINERO – CASO DE ESTUDIO EN

MINERIA DE CARBON COLOMBIANACOMPROMISE SOLUTIONS IN MINING METHOD

SELECTION - CASE STUDY IN COLOMBIAN COAL MINING

JORGE IVAN ROMERO GELVEZ

Magister en Ingeniería, Escuela Colombiana de Carreras industriales, Colombia. [email protected]

FELIX ANTONIO CORTES ALDANA

Ph. D, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ede !ogot", Colombia. #[email protected]

GIOVANNI FRANCO SEPÚLVEDA

Ph. D. $c%, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, Colombia. g#[email protected]

Recibido p! !e"is!# D$M$A% cep&do# D$M$A% "e!si'( )i(*# D$M$A+

RESUMEN: E* p!op'si&o de es&e !&,c-*o es p!ese(&! -( e()o.-e c-(&i&&i"o p! * se*ecci'( de* /0&odoe1&!c&i"o /i(e!o /edi(&e e* des!!o**o /e&odo*'2ico de -( p!ob*e/ de &o/ de decisi'( /-*&ic!i&e!io disc!e&3DMD4% es&e e()o.-e se p!opo(e p! sopo!&! e* p!oceso de p*(eci'( y dise5o /i(e!o+ Se*eccio(! e* /0&odoe1&!c&i"o es -(o de *os p!ob*e/s de Decisi'( M-*&ic!i&e!io Disc!e& 3DMD4 do(de *os deciso!es 6( &e(ido

p!ob*e/s e( * si2(ci'( de peso cd c!i&e!io+ P! !eso*"e! es&e p!ob*e/% es&e !&,c-*o p!opo(e e* /0&odo de* ENTROPIA+ E* p!ese(&e esc!i&o .-ie!e /(e7! * s-b7e&i"idd i(6e!e(&e es& p!ob*e/8&ic /edi(&e e* -so de*/0&odo VI9OR% e* c-* !!o7 co/o !es-*&do -( *&e!(&i" de co/p!o/iso+ L /e&odo*o2, p!op-es& e( es&e!&,c-*o se p*ic e( yci/ie(&o de c!b'( *oc*i:do e( e* cos&do occide(&* de* Ce!!o Ts7e!o e( No!&e deS(&(de!% Co*o/bi+PALABRAS CLAVE# A(8*isis de decisi'( /-*&ic!i&e!io 3MCDA4% se*ecci'( de* /0&odo e1&!c&i"o% ENTROPIA%VI9OR+

ABSTRACT# T6e p-!pose o) &6is ppe! is &o p!ese(& .-(&i&&i"e pp!oc6 &o &6e se*ec&io( o) &6e /i(i(2e1&!c&io( /e&6od by de"e*opi(2 /e&6odo*o2ic* p!ob*e/ o) disc!e&e /-*&ic!i&e!i decisio( /;i(2 3MCDM4% &6ispp!oc6 see;s &o s-ppo!& &6e p!ocess o) p*((i(2 (d /i(e desi2(+ Se*ec& &6e e1&!c&i"e /e&6od is o(e o) &6e

p!ob*e/s o) Disc!e&e M-*&ic!i&e!i Decisio( 3MCDM4


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.-e p-ede( co(side!!se+ Si( e/b!2o% * *i&e!&-!6 ide(&i)icdo 2!(des 8!es e( *s c-*es p-ede(2!-p!se * /yo!, de *os c!i&e!ios% se2>(3H!&/( M-&/(s;y @@4 es&s so(# B+C!c&e!,s&ics espci*es de* dep'si&o% @+Co(dicio(es 2eo*'2ics e 6id!o2eo*'2ics+ +

Co(side!cio(es eco('/ics% + Fc&o!esTec(o*'2icos y + Co(side!cio(es /bie(&*es+To/(do e* p!ob*e/ de se*ecci'( co/o -( p!ob*e/ de (8*isis de decisio(es /-*&ic!i&e!io3MCDA4 se 6ce (eces!io -( de&**do p*(&e/ie(&o de * /(e! co/o se !eso*"e!8 es&e/is/o+ Se 6 disc-&ido /-c6o ce!c de* p*(&e/ie(&o y so*-ci'( ide* de *os p!ob*e/s/-*&ic!i&e!io% pe!o *o cie!&o es .-e cd /0&odo &ie(es-s "e(&7s y s-s des"e(&7s% -( desc!ipci'(de&**d de *os p!i(cip*es /0&odos p-edeco(s-*&!se e( 3Ro/e!o B4 y e( 3Po/e!o*

!b$Ro/e!o B4+ Adicio(*/e(&e p-edeco(s-*&!se sob!e des!!o**os /8s !ecie(&es e(3Fi2-ei! e& *+ @4+ Es&e !&,c-*o p*ic e* /0&odoKC des!!o**do po! 3Mi**e!$Ti& e& *+ B4% p!!ed-ci! *s *&e!(&i"s y -&i*i:! so*o *&e!(&i"s"ib*es &0c(ic/e(&e e( e* des!!o**o de* (8*isis dedecisi'( /-*&ic!i&e!io? pos&e!io!/e(&e p! si2(! *os pesos *os c!i&e!ios se p*ic e* /0&odo de *e(&!op, 3Ze*e(y Coc6!(e B@4+ L-e2o% sep*ic! e* /0&odo VI9OR p! ob&e(e! -(*&e!(&i" de co/p!o/iso% desc!i& co/o * /8sce!c( * ide*+ A* )i(* se p!ese(&( *s

co(c*-sio(es de* cso+

2. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMASe .-ie!e esco2e! * *&e!(&i" de e1&!cci'( /8sdec-d p! -( yci/ie(&o de c!b'( -bicdo e(e* cos&do occide(&* de* ce!!o Ts7e!o%dep!&/e(&o de No!&e de S(&(de!% Co*o/bi+Es&e yci/ie(&o es desc!i&o e( de&**e po! -( 2!-poi(&e!discip*i(! de Ge'*o2os e I(2e(ie!os% po! /ediode es&os se ob&ie(e( *os p!8/e&!os &0c(icos de *t!" 1+ A*2-(s de es&s c!c&e!,s&ics p-ede(co!!obo!!se e(# Re2io(es y :o(s co( c!b'( e(

Co*o/bi de 3Me7i$-/( P-*ido$2o(:*e:B4 *o c-* 2e(e! "*ide: *os d&os y pe!/i&esco/p!obci'(+ P! e* (8*isis de &o/ de decisio(es /-*&ic!i&e!io%se &o/!( co/o *&e!(&i"s "8*ids *s .-e &e(2(-( po(de!ci'( posi&i" * p*ic! * &0c(ic KC3Mi**e!$Ti& e& *+ B4 *o .-e pe!/i&e e*i/i(! *&e!(&i"s .-e (o so( "ib*es &0c(ic/e(&e y de7

>(ic/e(&e *&e!(&i"s p*icb*es+ Si bie(6y -( b-e( c(&idd de /0&odose1&!c&i"os% so*o se co(side!!( de *os B/0&odos desc!i&os e( 3Nic6o*s B4 y e(3H!&/( M-&/(s;y @@4 Aco(&i(-ci'( p!ese(&/os -( !es-/e( de *s

*&e!(&i"s dp&do de 3A!&e2 Zp&e!o BB4

T!" 1. P!8/e&!os &0c(icos de* M(&o @F-e(&e# Des!!o**o p!opio p!&i! de i()o!/ci'(

de * e/p!es /i(e!T!"# 1. Tec6(ic* p!/e&e!s Se/ @

So-!ce# O


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2e(0!ic/e(&e se c*si)ic( e( c!8&e!es i("e!&idos% b!!e(os *!2os y b!!e(os de b(ico+A"t#&*t', 3 H-(di/ie(&o po! s-b(i"e*es 3s-b*e"e*c"i(24# Co(sis&e e( * di"isi'( de* yci/ie(&o e((i"e*es y es&os s- "e:% e( s-b(i"e*es .-e se "(e1&!ye(do e( se(&ido desce(de(&e

A"t#&*t', 4 T7os L!2os 3*o(2


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c(&idd de c*ses de /0&odos si es& es s-b&e!!8(e3(o sopo!&d% sopo!&d y e1c"d4+Sc+ Dis&!ib-ci'(+ M1i/i:! Sc+ Roc; /ss !&i(2s 3RMR4 M1i/i:! Sc+ Roc; s-bs&(ce s&!e(2&6 3RSS4 M1i/i:! C&'t#&' Co(side!cio(es eco('/ics+ A* )i(*%

es&s co(side!cio(es de&e!/i(( e* 01i&o de -(e/p!es /i(e!+ Es&os )c&o!es 2obie!(( *e*ecci'( de* /0&odo /i(e!o po!.-e )ec&( * s*idde /&e!i*% * i("e!si'(% e* )*-7o de c7% e* pe!iodode !e&o!(o de * i("e!si'( y de be(e)icio+Sc+Ts de dese/pe5o+ M1i/i:!Sc+P!od-cci'( 3P!od-cci'( po! -(idd de &ie/po4M1i/i:! ScB+ I("e!si'( de Cpi&*+ Mi(i/i:! ScBB+ P!od-c&i"idd 3&o(e*ds po! &-!(o dee/p*edo4 M1i/i:! ScB@+ Cos&os co/p!&i"os de *os /0&odos de

/i(e!, posib*es+ Mi(i/i:! C&'t#&'3 Fc&o!es Tec(o*'2icos L /e7o! co/bi(ci'( e(&!e e* &e!!e(o y e* /0&odo .-e sei(&e(& esco2e!+ E* /0&odo esco2ido p-ede &e(e! i/pc&os (e2&i"os e( e* /i(e!* e1&!,do e( c-(&o s- -so pos&e!io! 3p!oces/ie(&o% )-(dici'(4ScB+ Rec-pe!ci'( de * /i( 3po!ci'( de* dep'si&oe1&!,do c&-*/e(&e4 M1i/i:! ScB+ Di*-ci'( 3c(&idd de despe!dicios p!od-cidosco( e* /i(e!*4 Mi(i/i:! ScB+ L )*e1ibi*idd de* /0&odo co( e* c/bio deco(dicio(es+ M1i/i:!

ScB+ Se*ec&i"idd de* /0&odo p! dis&i(2-i! e*/i(e!* y *os !esid-os+ M1i/i:!C&'t#&'4 Co(side!cio(es /bie(&*es (o s'*o e*/bie(&e ),sico% si(o e* c*i/ soci*% po*,&ico%eco('/ico+ScB+ Es&bi*idd de *s be!&-!s+ M1i/i:!ScB+ S-bside(ci% o e)ec&os e( * s-pe!)icie dee1c"ci'(+ M1i/i:! ScB+ Co(dicio(es de s*-d y se2-!idd+ M1i/i:!

. PROPUESTA METODOLOGICAL /e&odo*o2, p!op-es& co/o y-d p! &o/ de

decisio(es e( * se*ecci'( de* /0&odo e1&!c&i"o sedes!!o** co( bse * p!op-es& /e&odo*'2ic p*(&ed e( 3Co!&0s$A*d( e& *+ @4 y dp&de( 3Ge*"e: e& *+ @BB4+ Se p!opo(e i(ici*/e(&e *p*icci'( de* /0&odo KC des!!o**do po! 3Mi**e!$Ti& e& *+ B4 p! !ed-ci! e* co(7-(&o de*&e!(&i"s y -&i*i:! >(ic/e(&e A*&e!(&i"s"ib*es &0c(ic/e(&e+ L co(s&!-cci'( de * /&!i:de decisi'( se !e*i: e( bse * i()o!/ci'( de

3H!&/( M-&/(s;y @@4% .-ie(esco/p!( *s "e(&7s y des"e(&7s de *oss-b c!i&e!ios * B co( cd -( de *s*&e!(&i"s p*(&eds p! !eso*"e! es&e p!ob*e/ de se*ecci'(% po! *o c-* *os "*o!essi2(dos cd -(o de es&os se!8(

co(s&(&es e( c-*.-ie! p!ob*e/ dese*ecci'( de* /0&odo e1&!c&i"o+ Po! o&! p!&e *os s-b c!i&e!ios B * "!i!( dec-e!do *os p!8/e&!os &0c(icos de cdsi&-ci'( espec,)ic y se!8( de&e!/i(dos -(/odi)icci'( de * esc* KC% co(se!"(do* c!di(*idd y p!opo!cio(*idd de *osd&os y e*i/i((do *os "*o!es (e2&i"os p!opios de * esc* de* /0&odo KC+

9'/& 1. P!op-es& /e&odo*'2ic F-e(&e#Des!!o**o p!opio

9'/ 1. P!oposed /e&6odo*o2ySo-!ce# O


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Mode!&e @% Poo! B? Esc* # L!2e sc*e % L!2e% Mode!&e @% S/** B? Esc* # L!2e % Hi26 %Mode!&e @ y S/** B+ D(do co/o !es-*&do */&!i: 2e(0!ic c-(&i&&i" p!ese(&e e( * T!" +P! &e!/i(! * /&!i: de decisi'( e i(c*-i! *i()o!/ci'( co!!espo(die(&e *os S-b c!i&e!ios

B%@%%%% y se -&i*i:! * esc* .-e p!opo(e e*/0&odo KC * c-* p*(&e -( i(&e!"*o e(&!e $ y e* c-* co(side! "*o!es (e2&i"os >(ic/e(&e

p! /os&!! .-e /0&odos (o so( "ib*es&0c(ic/e(&e? p! &!b7! >(ic/e(&e co("*o!es posi&i"os se /odi)ic! dic6 esc* "*o!es posi&i"os co/e(:(do e( B y&e!/i((do e( po! *o c-* $ se !e/p*:co( B y e* "*o! de co( p! /(&e(e! *

p!opo!cio(*idd y c!di(*idd de *os d&os+

T!" 2. M&!i: de decisi'( Ge(0!ic+ F-e(&e# Des!!o**o p!opio p!&i! de 3H!&/( M-&/(s;y @@? Mi**e!$Ti& e& *+ B4

T!"# 2. Ge(e!ic decisio( /&!i1+ So-!ce# O


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Fi(*/e(&e% debido e* &/5o de * /&!i:de decisi'( y * /(e7o de * s-b7e&i"idd% sep*ic e* /0&odo de si2(ci'( de pesos/edi(&e * e(&!op,% p*(&edo po! 3Ze*e(y Coc6!(e B@4 e* c-* de&e!/i( psi"/e(&e *os pesos de *os c!i&e!ios si( -(i(&e(ci'( co(scie(&e de &o/! decisio(es%e*i/i((do * p!e)e!e(ci y e1pec&&i"s2e(e!ds po! e* -so de deciso!es% co/o p-ede "e!se e( 3A267(i :::i e& *+@BB4+ E* /0&odo de VI9OR p*(&edo po! 3Op!ico"ic T:e(2 @4 es -&i*i:do p!de&e!/i(! * *&e!(&i" de co/p!o/iso+Se2>( 3-i7(o H-!&do @B@4% ci&(do 3ei Li( @4% e* /0&odo VI9OR es -(6e!!/ie(& e)ec&i" e( e* A(8*isis deDecisi'( M-*&ic!i&e!io% p!&ic-*!/e(&e e(si&-cio(es do(de e* deciso! (o es&8cpci&do% o (o sbe c'/o e1p!es! s- p!e)e!e(ci+ A co(&i(-ci'( se desc!ibe( e(de&**e cd -( de *s 6e!!/ie(&s p*icds p! so*-cio(! es&e p!ob*e/+

3. METODO UBCE* /0&odo de se*ecci'( KC es **/do s, po! 6be!se des!!o**do e( * K(i"e!si&y o) !i&is6 Co*-/bi po! 3Mi**e!$Ti& e& *+ B4+Es&e /0&odo s-!2e (&e * (ecesidd de/e7o!! * &0c(ic des!!o**d po! 3Nic6o*sB4+ Co/o (-e"o po!&e se i(&!od-ce e*"*o! $B p! si2(! -( peso (e2&i"o si(e*i/i(! -( /0&odo co/p*e&/e(&e% &* co/o*o 6c, * &0c(ic de Nic6o*s co( e* "*o! de

$+ Po! o&! p!&e% *s c*i)iccio(es de/ec8(ic de !ocs )-e!o( 7-s&ds co((-e"os "*o!es+ P-ede co(s-*&!se e* /0&odo p!o)-(didd e( 3Mi**e!$Ti& e& *+ B4

T!" 3. C!i&e!ios de* /0&odo KC+ F-e(&e#3Mi**e!$Ti& e& *+ B4

T!"# 3. KC /e&6od C!i&e!i+ So-!ce# 3Mi**e!$Ti& e& *+ B4

1. 9&0 #*#&"E.-i$di/e(sio(*

Tods *s di/e(sio(es es&8( e(e* /is/o o!de( de /2(i&-d

Tb-*! Dos di/e(sio(es &ie(e( /-c6s"eces e* /is/o espeso!% .-e (os-e*e s-pe!! *os /

I!!e2-*! Ls di/e(sio(es "!,( e(co!&s dis&(cis+

2. E$(#$& +#" 0*tM-yes&!ec6o

/

Es&!ec6o $B/I(&e!/edio B$B/G!-eso $B/M-y G!-eso QB/

. I*%"'*%')*

P*(o @ 2!dosI(&e!/edio @$ 2!dosE/pi(do Q 2!dos

3. P&;/*+'++S-pe!)ici* $B /I(&e!/edio B$/P!o)-(do Q/

4. D'$t&'!/%')*K(i)o!/e E* 2!do e( c-*.-ie! p-(&o de*

@B


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dep'si&o (o "!,si2(i)ic&i"/e(&e de *c*i)icci'( /edi+

G!dcio(es E* 2!do &ie(e c!c&e!,s&ics:o(*es% y c/bi 2!d-*/e(&ede -( *-2! o&!o+

E!!8&ico E* 2!do c/bi !dic*/e(&ee( co!&s dis&(cis+5. R%< 0$$ &t'*$

M-y d0bi* $@D0bi* @$Mode!do $F-e!&e $M-y F-e!&e $B6. R%< $/!$t*%# $t*t= >9/#&? /*'@'"

E$t$ (&'*%'("M-y d0bi* D0bi* $BMode!do B$B

F-e!&e QB

4. METODO DE LA ENTROPIAE* /0&odo de * E(&!op, )-e des!!o**do po! 3Ze*e(y B@4 co/o -( /0&odo ob7e&i"o desi2(ci'( de *os pesos% e( )-(ci'( de */&!i: de decisi'(% si( .-e )ec&e * p!e)e!e(ci de* deciso!% se2>( 3Po/e!o* !b$Ro/e!o B4 * i/po!&(ci !e*&i"de* c!i&e!io 7 e( -( si&-ci'( de decisi'(%/edid po! s- peso


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e* iesi/o "*o! de* c!i&e!io p! * *&e!(&i"A7? m es e* (>/e!o de *&e!(&i"s% n es e*(>/e!o de c!i&e!ios+ L so*-ci'( de* /0&odoVI9OR co/ie(: co( * si2-ie(&e )o!/ de* Lp$ /e&ic#

( ) ( )

BS

T T%

B

S

( (n

( j i i ij i i

i

) * # # # # −=

= − − ∑

34

B ? 7 B% @%++++% J + (≤ ≤ ∞ =Es&e co(cep&o 2e(e!* de dis&(ci Lp!ep!ese(&% e( e* /0&odo VI9OR% *sdis&(cis de M(6&&( y de C6e"is6e" p!

e* c8*c-*o de y + E( e* p!i/e! cso% p!

e* c8*c-*o de % se -&i*i: * (o!/ LB% do(de

pB co!!espo(die(&e * /edid de /yo! dis&(ci e(&!e dos p-(&os+ E( e* se2-(do

cso% p! c*c-*! se -&i*i: * dis&(ci deC6e"yse" o (o!/ .-e se !e)ie!e *

/e(o! dis&(ci e(&!e dos p-(&os do(de

+ 3Op!ico"ic T:e(2 @? e**"e!

M!&i(e: @B4 Se2>( 3-i7(o H-!&do@B@4 ci&(do 3Op!ico"ic T:e(2 @4 *c*si)icci'( de co/p!o/iso de VI9OR se!e*i: /edi(&e *os si2-ie(&es psos#

a) As-/ie(do .-e cd *&e!(&i" ese"*-d de c-e!do cd )-(ci'( de

c!i&e!io% * 7e!!.-, de co/p!o/iso pod!, se! des!!o**d /edi(&e *co/p!ci'( de * /edid de ce!c(, * so*-ci'( ide* T + + Se de&e!/i(( *os

/e7o!es Ti # y *os peo!es i # − "*o!es p!

cd -( de *s )-(cio(es de c!i&e!ioiB%@%W+%(+ Si * iesi/ )-(ci'( de*c!i&e!io !ep!ese(& -( be(e)icio e(&o(ces

T /1i ij

# # = y /i(i ij # # − = +

b4 Te(ie(do * ide(&i)icci'( de *os /e7o!es

y peo!es "*o!es p! cd )-(ci'( dec!i&e!io% se de&e!/i(( *os "*o!es S7 y R7% 7 B%@%W% J /edi(&e *s !e*cio(es

( ) ( )T TA

Sn

j i i ij i i * # # # # −= − −∑ 34

( ) ( )T T/1 S j i i i ij i i , * # # # # − = − −

34

Do(de !ep!ese(& *s dis&(cis de *s

*&e!(&i"s * /e7o! so*-ci'(? j

!ep!ese(& * dis&(ci e(&!e *s

*&e!(&i"s y * peo! opci'(% i* so( *os

pesos de c!i&e!io e1p!esdos e( * p!e)e!e(ci de *os deciso!es co/o *i/po!&(ci !e*&i" de* c!i&e!io

c) C*c-*! *os "*o!es j- /edi(&e *!e*ci'(

( )

( ) ( )

( )

( )

T T

T TB j

j j , ,v

, ,- v

− −

− −+ −

− −= (8

)

Do(de T /i( j j = ? /1 j j − = ?

T /i( ? /1 j j j j , , , −= = y se

i(&!od-ce co/o e* "*o! .-e!ep!ese(& * posici'( de* deciso! )!e(&e * !ies2o+ No!/*/e(&e e*V*o! de " se &o/ co/o + p!!ep!ese(&! -( posici'( (e-&! )!e(&e* !ies2o -(.-e se p-ede &o/! c-*.-ie! "*o! de B+

d4 Je!!.-i:! *s *&e!(&i"s% o!2(i:(dose2>( *os "*o!es de S% R y e( o!de(dec!ecie(&e+ Los !es-*&dos ob&e(idos so(&!es *is&s o!de(ds+ P!opo(2 co/oso*-ci'( de co/p!o/iso * *&e!(&i"A3B4% * c-* es * /e7o! de &ods se2>( */edid 3/,(i/o4% si se c-/p*e( *ssi2-ie(&es co(dicio(es#

I+ Ve(&7 cep&b*e+3@4 3B43 4 3 4 %- . - . D-− ≥

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II+ Es&bi*idd cep&b*e e( *decisi'(+ L *&e!(&i"debe!8 se! &/bi0( * /e7o!

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