¿Qué me cuentas?—Capítulo 7 Una conversación para

empezar

Los apuntes

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El alfabeto

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A (a) ABUELO

B (be) BOCA

C (ce) CACTO TRECE

CH (che) CHICO

D (de) DESIERTOLIMONADA

E (e) ELEFANTE

F (efe) FÚTBOL

G (ge) GATOINTELIGENTE

H (hache) HOMBRE

I (I) IGUANA

J (jota) PÁJARO

K (ka) KIWI

L (ele) LOBO

LL (elle) LLUEVE

M (eme) MANZANA

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N (ene) NARIZ

Ñ (eñe) MONTAÑA

O (o) OJOS

P (pe) PASTOR

Q (cu) QUINCE

R (ere) ROCACARA

RR (erre) PERRO

S (ese) SOL T (te) TAC0

U (u) UNO

V (uve) VOLIBOL

W (uve doble) WINDSURF

X (equis) EXCELENTE

Y (i griega) YOYÓ Y

Z (zeta) AZUL 

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Las vocales The vowels in spanish alwaysrepresent the same sound:

A father

mamá

E eight enorme

I ski limpioO open tontoU tube tutú

Y ski y

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Los consonantes Most consonants are pronounced similarly in spanish and English with the following exceptions:

B, V

Like the English /b/ in Bobbalónveinte

C

Before a, o, u, consonant: Like the English /k/ in cat

cactocolorcucú

Before e, i: Like the English /s/ in sent

trecesucio

CH

Like the English /ch/ in church champú

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DBetween vowels and at the end of a word: Like the English /th/ in that

limonadapared

G

Before a, o, u, consonant: Like the English /g/ in go

gatolargoguapo

Before e, i: Like the harsh English /h/ of the “hocker” sound

inteligentegitano

H Always silent horaJ Like the harsh English /h/ of

the “hocker” soundjulio

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K Like the English /k/ in kitchen; only found in foreign words

karate

LL Like the English /y/ in yes pesadillaÑ Like the English /ny/ in canyon señorQU Like the English /k/ in cat

(“Q’s don’t quack in Spanish.”)

queso

R

Like the English /d/ in ladder or butter (“R’s don’t roar in Spanish.”)

tijeras

At the beginning of a word: Trilled

ropa

RR Trilled burroZ Like the English /s/ in sent

(“Z’s don’t buzz in Spanish.”)rizado

1. The accent (stress) falls on the NEXT TO THE LAST SYLLABLE if the word ends with a

_______ , _____ , or ____ .

Ivo GAnas HAblan CHIca Nube

 2. The accent falls on the LAST SYLLABLE if the

word ends in a ______________ except _____ or ____ .

aZUL popuLAR acTRIZ aBRIR

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La acentuación

vowel n s

consonantn s

3. If the word has a tilde (a written accent mark), the accent falls on the ____________________ .

The tilde is part of the word’s ______________ ; without it, the word is ___________________ .

inGLÉS    mateMÁticas peLÍcula periÓdico Álgebra 4. Accent marks may be necessary to distinguish

between two words that are spelled the same but have ___________ meanings.

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accented syllable

spellingincorrect

different

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si sí el él tu tú

solo sólo que ¿qué?

if yes the he your you

alone only that what

5. Tildes (accent marks) are sometimes used to divide two vowels into separate syllables.

paÍS biologÍa oÍR reÍdo

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Ejemplos de Tu amor

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La puntuación

Questions are set off by an inverted question mark at the beginning of the question and a “normal” question mark at the end of the question.

Sr. Martin, ¿Cómo está Ud.?

¿?

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Exclamations are set off by an inverted exclamation mark at the beginning of the exclamation and a “normal” exclamation mark at the end of the exclamation.

¡Qué muchacho!

¡!

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Commas aren’t used before y, e, o, u, and ni in a series.

María, Ana y Beatriz estudian

español.

Commas are used instead of decimals and vice versa.

1.200 (“one thousand two

hundred”)

9,9 (“nine point nine”)

,

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Comillas are used when:

there is an internal thought.only one person makes a statement.

A colon is used to indicate that a quote follows. The final quotation mark comes before the comma or period.

María dice: «Voy a Francia

mañana».«¿A qué hora sales?», pregunta Anita.

« »

:

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A raya is used when two or more people are speaking to each other.A colon will be used at the end of the introduction and the raya is on the next line.

Jaime le dice a Paco:

–¿Vas a la fiesta en casa de

Rosa?

–No, tengo que trabajar esta

noche.

—

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Tú, Ud. y Uds.

1. Polite conversation in Spanish requires that speakers distinguish between individuals whom they can address informally and those whom they must address formally. Respect is at the heart of the distinction:

 

• Tú: you ( ____________)oUse tú when you are talking to one that

you could call by his/her first name:

a ____________________

a ____________________

a _____________________ a _____________________

¿Cómo estás tú? How are you?¿Hablas tú español? Do you speak Spanish?

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familiar

friendchildrelativepeer

Ud.: you ( _________ )

oUd. is the abbreviation for

________________ .

oUse Ud. when you are talking to one

person that you would call by a title:

an ________________________________________

a _______________________

your ____________________

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formalusted

adult you don’t know wellteacher

boss

o The Ud. form of the verb has the same

verb ending as the _________ / __________

form.

oWhen Ud. is your subject you MUST

____________________________________ Ud.

Sr. Gómez, ¿Cómo está Ud.?Mr. Gómez, how are you?

¿Habla Ud. español? Do you speak Spanish?

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él ella

include

Uds.: you (_______________) [you guys,y’all]

oUds. is the abbreviation for

______________________.

oUse when you are talking to

___________________ than one person.

o The Uds. form of the verb takes the same

verb ending as the _________/_________form.

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plural

ustedes

more

ellos ellas

oWhen Uds. is your subject you MUST

_________________________ Uds.

María y Juan, ¿van Uds. a la clase? María and Juan, are you going to class?

Uds. preparan la tarea. You guys do the homework.

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include

The form of “________________” that you

use determines the ____________________ ofthe verb:

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you

ending

Persona

Ser Estar Hablar

Beber vivir

Tú

Ud.

Uds.

eres

es

son

estás

está

están

hablas

habla

hablan

bebes

bebe

beben

vives

vive

viven

3. Intercambio conversacional:

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Pregunta Respuesta¿Estás (tú)?

¿Está Ud.?¿Están Uds.?

estoy

estamos

Los sustantivos (Nouns)

1. In Spanish nouns have gender.

They are

_____________ or _____________.

Most nouns that name masculine

beings or that end in _____ ,

_______ , _______ , or _____ are

masculine.

padre carro programa tema

mapa

masculine feminine

-o -ama-ema -apa

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Most nouns that name feminine

beings or that end in _____ , _____ ,

_________ are feminine.

madre mochila ciudad canción

-a -d -ción

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The gender of nouns that don’t follow

these rules must be memorized. In

context, look for words like _____________

and _________________ that may clue you

in to the gender of such nouns.

Masculine: elefante rumor día

Feminine: clase nariz mano

articlesadjectives

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If a singular noun ends in a vowel, add____ . muchacho muchacho____ casa casa____ padre padre____

2. In Spanish, nouns have number. They are _______________or ____________. To form plural nouns, observe the following rules:

ss

s

-s

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singular plural

If a singular noun ends with a ___ ,

change the ___ to ___ and add ___ .

lápiz lápi____

If a singular noun ends in a consonant, add____ . pared pared____

-es

es

z -es -z

c

ces

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3. The definite and indefinte articles

used with a noun in Spanish are

determined by the noun’s ____________

and _____________ .gender number

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Definite Articles translate “_____”.

 

the

Definite Articles

Singular Plural

M. F. M. F.

el la laslos

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_______ lobo = the wolf

_______ lobos = the wolves

_______ roca = the rock

_______ rocas = the rocks

.

 

el

la

las

los

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Indefinite Articles translate “ ____”or

“_____” in the singular and “________”

in the plural.

a

Indefinite ArticlesSingular Plural

M. F. M. F.

un una unasunos

an some

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_______ hermano = a brother

_______ hemanos = some brothers

_______ casa = a house

_______ casas = some houses.

un

una

unas

unos

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