primera parte de inglés

8/18/2019 Primera parte de inglés

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Introduction

The verb 'can' describes someones capabilities or the things they are able to do.

Paul can play the piano.

Joan can't come to the meeting. She is busy.

Can I come late to work? I have a doctor's appointment.

Formation

Can

Affirmative Negative

I canyou can

he/she/it can

we canyou can

they can

I cannot/can'tyou cannot/can't

he/she/it cannot/can't

we cannot/can'tyou cannot/can't

they cannot/can't

can + base form of the verb

• I can speak rench.

• !ou can go on vacation in "ugust.

• #e can ride in the $ront seat.

• %e can cook dinner together.

• Can you go to the store this a$ternoon?

• They can't $ind the $ile.

Could

The past tense form of can is could or could not/couldn't:

• %hen I was young& I could swim very $ast.

• as night& I couldn't $ind my cell phone.

Use


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Ability

Use to explain something that a person or thing is able to do:

• I can swim.

•

She can speak Portuguese.

• %e can play the guitar.

• Can she use a computer?

• Can she cook?

• Can he play soccer?

• I can't $i( the computer.

• #e can't understand you.

• They can't ski.

Possibility

Use to explain that something is possible to do:

• %e can take a vacation in )ay.

• It can be cold in the winter.

• Can we take a bus to the station?

• Can you open that window?

Permission

Use to ask for permission:

• Can we come to your party?

• Can I have a slice o$ cake?

• Can I go home?

Use to give permission:

• !ou can leave early.

•

They can go home.

• #e can have the day o$$.

Polite requests

Use could to ask for something politely:

• Could you please pass me the salt?


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• Could I borrow your umbrella?

• Could I speak to Tony& please?

d$hhhh

Introduction

%e use who& what& when, where, and why when we talk about people and things*

%ho is your $avorite actor?

%ho is playing soccer tonight?

%hat are you reading?

%hen does the store close?

%here are they going tonight?

%hy are you here?

+se

Who

Use 'who' for people:

• %ho is the manager?

• %ho is coming to the party?

• %ho is taller& Sarah or ,mily?

What

Use 'what' for obects and things:

• %hat is your name?

• %hat color is your car?

• %hat do you pre$er?

When

Use 'when' to talk about time:

• %hen are you leaving?

• %hen is the train coming?


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• %hen are you going on vacation?

Where

Use 'where' to talk about a place:

•

%here is Tina going?

• %here do you live?

• %here is the bank?

Why

Use 'why' to talk about a reason for something:

• %hy are you laughing? -ecause it's $unny

• %hy are you selling your car?

•

%hy are you leaving early?

Dddddddddddddddd

Rules

Para dar y pedir información personal

Preguntas Respuestas

• What is your name?

• Where are you from?

• Do you speak English?

• How old are you?

• What is your profession?

• Where do you lie?

• !re you married? or "ingle? orDiorced?

• Do you hae children?

• #$m %risten &urray ' &y name is %risten&urray(

• #$m from )ew *ork(

• *es+ # do(

• #$m ,- years old(

• #$m an adertising e.ecutie(

• # lie in /ondon(

• # am married(

• *es+ # hae three children(

El estado ciil

• I am married.

• I am single.

• I am divorced.


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• I am widowed.

Para hablar del origen o procedencia0 /as nacionalidades

• I was born in Ireland. I'm Irish.

• I was born in )e(ico. I'm Mexican.

• I was born in rance. I'm French.

• I was born in Italy. I'm Italian.

• I was born in ,ngland. I'm English.

• I was born in /ermany. I'm German.

• I was born in Spain. I'm Spanish.

• I was born in Canada. I'm anadian.

• I was born in Portugal. I'm !ortuguese.

• I was born in Japan. I'm "apanese.

• I was born in #olland. I'm #utch.

• I was born in the +S". I'm $merican.

%uidado&

,n ingl0s& los ad1etivos de nacionalidades se escriben siempre con may2scula.

• I'm Chinese 3 I'm Scottish 3 I'm 4ussian.

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Introduction

o li(e is a regular verb and is very common in ,nglish.

I li(e chocolate cake.

She li(es to go swimming.

Form


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3he present simple tense

Affirmative

I

you

we

they

like

he/she/it likes

!egative

Iyou

we

they

don't like

he/she/it doesn't like

"uestionsDo

I

youwe

they

like...?

Does he/she/it like...?

3he past simple tense

Affirmative

I

you

he/she/it

wethey

liked

!egative

Iyou

he/she/it

wethey

did not like (didn't

like)

"uestions Did

I

you

he/she/itwe

they

like...?


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Use

/ike 4 noun

sub1ect 5 'to like' 5 ob1ect

• I like apples.

• She likes 4ussia.

• #arry likes soccer.

• They like black shoes.

• !ou like tea.

/ike 4 in5nitie

sub1ect 5 'to like' 5 in$initive

• She likes to run.

• I like to eat.

• %e like to play basketball.

• %illiam and 6ate like to go to Paris.

• They like to cook.

/ike 4 gerund 6erb 7ing8

sub1ect 5 'to like' 5 gerund

• She likes running.

• I like eating.

• %e like playing basketball.

• %illiam and 6ate like going to Paris.

• They like cooking.

%e can use either the in$initive or gerund construction. They have the same meaning.


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12f

Situation

7urante el almuer8o& Sandra y Simon hablan de la comida y de sus gustos gastron9micos.

Sandra) :I love rench $ood& don't you?:

Simon) :"ctually& I pre$er )e(ican $ood.:

Rules

Para hablar de gustos

*i(e 5 noun

• Ex: I like chocolate.

*i(e 5 to 5 in$initive verb

• Ex. I like to travel.

*i(e 5 verb 5 ing

• Ex: I like travelling.

#ara mati$ar

I like 3 I love

++

++

+++

++++

I like coffee.I like sleeping late.

I really like travelling.

I love reading.

I really love this song.

I am cra+y aout Chinese $ood ; I really love Chinese $ood.

Para hablar de sentimientos

Amistad

• I like Carla.

• I like )elissa a lot.

• I really like red.


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Amor

• I love you.

• I am in love with you.

• I adore you.

I am crazy 3 mad about you.

:I love...: es mucho m


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Situation

,li8abeth y Sally hablan tran=uilamente mientras toman un ca$0.

Eli+aeth) :%hat do you like to do in your spare time& Sally?:

Sally) :I play $ootball and I love to cook "nd you? %hat do you like doing?:

Eli+aeth) :I en1oy going to the theater with my $riends. I also like painting& but I don't do any

sports:

Rules

/as actiidades deportias

#ara decir %ue haces deporte

• I am athletic.

• I do sports.

• I en1oy sports

• I play sports.

&os deportes

Subject + sport

• I horseback ride.

• I swim.

• I ski.

• I rock climb.

/as actiidades art9sticas

• o play a musical instrument* I play the piano& he plays the guitar and

she plays the drums.

• o ta(e theater classes* I take Shakespearean theater classes on )ondays and

cooking classes on Thursdays.

• o ta(e photos* she takes wildli$e photos.

• o sing, to dance, to draw, to paint, to sculpt, to sew and to ma(e pottery.


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/as actiidades culturales

• /o to the movies

• /o to the theater

• /o to the opera

• "ttend a concert

• isit a museum

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Introduction

Possessive ad1ectives show who owns an ob1ect. They agree with the person or thing that has

an ob1ect. Possessive ad1ectives do ./ agree with the ob1ect.

I like my shoes.

#er house is very big.

Form

Subject pronoun Possessive adjective

I "y

you your

he/she/it his/her/its

we our

you your

they their


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Use

hen the possessor is masculine:

his

• #e broke his computer.

• %ill likes his car.

hen the possessor is feminine:

her

• 6ate bought her apartment last year.

• The woman lost her glasses.

hen the possessor is an obect or an animal:

its

• The cat hurt its leg.

• " tree loses its leaves in the winter.

hen the possessor is 'you':

your

• !ou lost your book yesterday.

hen there are t(o or more possessors:

their

• Dur boss and our colleagues gave us good advice. %e took their advice.

• Cathy and 4ick lost their map to the city.

The possessive ad1ective do EDT change i$ the ob1ect is singular or plural.

I like my shirt. I like my shirts0

They read their book. They read their books0

She sings her song. She sings her songs.


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ghhhhhhhhhhh

Introduction

Possessive nouns show that we own something.

Formation

7$s

!ormally added )'s to singular nouns and irregular plurals that

don't end in )s:

Singular)

• a man's 1ob

• the girl's book

• )ary and Tom's children AF set o$ children* )ary and Tom are their parentsB

• )ary's and Tom's children AG sets o$ children* )ary has children& and Tom has

di$$erent children.B

!lural)

• the men's changing room

• the children's toys

Add an apostrophe *' to regular plurals that end in )s:

• The students have books. ; the students' books A two or moreB

• The $riends have a car. ; my $riends' car Atwo or moreB

of something

• The roo$ o$ the house is old.

• The door o$ the building is broken.

• I didn't see the beginning o$ the movie.

Uses


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7$s

,ost often used (ith a person- animal- country- organi$ation- or

group of living things:

• The dog's collar is too tight.

• /ermany's economy is doing very well.

• Jane's brother is a doctor.

• The company's annual report is late.

• James's car is red.

of something

Used mostly (ith things and sometimes (ith places:

• The back seat o$ the car is very dirty.

• %e don't know the cause o$ the $ire.

• %e looked at the top o$ the page.

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Introduction

%e use the comparative $orm o$ ad1ectives to say i$ an ob1ect or a person has more or less o$ a

=uality than the other ob1ect or person.

long ; longer

interesting ; more interesting

Form

:ne syllable ad;ecties

To form the comparative of one syllable adectives- add )er.

• tall taller

• small smaller

• long longer

• short shorter


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• light lighter

• black blacker

3wo or more syllable ad;ecties

To form the comparative of adectives (ith more than one

syllable- add 'more' or 'less' before the adective. ,ore is

positive *+ andless is negative *).

• more intelligent

• less generous

• more beauti$ul

• less di$$icult

• more interesting

• less ama8ing

Exceptions

:ne syllable ad;ecties ending in 7e

e add )r.

• wide wider

• nice nicer

• simple simpler

• large larger

:ne syllable ad;ecties ending with one owel and one consonant

e double the consonant and add )er.

• big bigger

• $lat $latter

• wet wetter

• sad sadder

:ne syllable ad;ecties ending in 7y

e replace the )y (ith an )i and add )er.

• happy happier


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• itchy itchier

• $unny $unnier

• dirty dirtier

#rregular ad;ecties

• good better

• bad worse

• $ar $arther3$urther

Use

Use 'than' (hen (e directly compare t(o obects or people.

• John is taller than )ark.

• "n elephant is bigger than a mouse.

• Sarah is more intelligent than Jade.

• #elen is $unnier than Tom.

• This movie is shorter than the last one we watched.

• #e is nicer than you.

• This car is less e(pensive than the red one.

Use to describe a person or thing (hen compared to something

else:

• Eew !ork is old& but Paris is older .

• This restaurant has delicious $ood& but the $ood at the other restaurant is more

delicious.

• Is it cheaper to go by plane or by train?

Wide amplio

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Introduction

%e use superlative ad1ectives to say i$ an ob1ect or a person has the most or the least o$ a

=uality than all other ob1ects or people.


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long ; longest

interesting ; most interesting

Form

"ll superlative ad1ective have 'the' be$ore them.

:ne syllable ad;ecties

To form the comparative of one syllable adectives- add 'the'

before the adective and )est at the end.

• tall the tallest

• small the smallest

• long the longest

• short the shortest

• light the lightest

• black the blackest

3wo or more syllable ad;ecties

To form the superlative of adectives (ith more than onesyllable- add 'the' and 'most' or 'least' before the

adective. ,ost is positive *+ and least is negative *).

• the most intelligent

• the least generous

• the most beauti$ul

• the least di$$icult

• the most interesting

• the least ama8ing

Exceptions


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Superlative ad1ectives have the same e(ceptions as comparative ad1ectives.

:ne syllable ad;ecties ending in 7e

e add )st.

• wide the widest

• nice the nicest

• simple the simplest

• large largest

:ne syllable ad;ecties ending with one owel and one consonant

e double the consonant and add )est.

• big the biggest

• $lat the $lattest

• wet the wettest

• sad the saddest

:ne syllable ad;ecties ending in 7y

e replace the )y (ith an )i and add )est.

• happy the happiest

• itchy the itchiest

• $unny the $unniest

• dirty the dirtiest

#rregular !d;ecties

• good the best

• bad the worst

• $ar the $arthest3the $urthest

Use


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Use to describe a person or thing (hen compared to several

other things:

• Joe is the nicest colleague in the o$$ice.

• This is the best co$$ee in Italy.

• %hat is the longest river in theworld?

• China has the largest population in the world.

• %here is the closest subway station?

#tchy picante

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