presentation ou 10

7/28/2019 Presentation OU 10

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Institute of Technology of Cambodia

Presentation of Unit Operation&*

Professor: Mr Hak Sokchea

Group 10Students

Mr Van VidaMr Khiev Khemmara Mr He Ravy

Miss Thang Kim Hoeurn Miss Tuy Phearun


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Kwang-Sup Youn, Joo-Heon, Dong-Ho Bae,

Seok-Joong Kim, Soon-Dong Kim


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&Plan of Presentation*

I. Introduction

II. Experimental

III. Result and discussion

IV. Conclusion


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&Introduction

* The apples are the fruits we can make the juice for

drinking

Reported raw apple juices contain relative high

quantities of polymer such as polysaccharides, pectinand protein, etc

Membrane technology for getting the juice,microfiltration and ultra filtration with filter-aids


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&Experimental'

1. Materials

2. Condition for pretreatment with filter aids3. Membrane filtration

4. Quality analysis

5. Resistance in series model


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1. MaterialsApple juice concentrate (cloudy, 45o Brix)

The apple was supplied by the apple juice-processing

factoryApple Argricultural used for further experiment after

reconstituted with pure water into 12.5o Brix

Definition:Degrees Brix (symbol Bx) is a measurement of the fraction of sugarper hundred parts aqueous solution, by mass. It is measured with asaccharimeter, an instrument that measures specific gravity the liquid, ormore easily with a refractometer. For example, a 25Bx solution is 25% sugar,or 1 part sugar to 3 parts water.


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2. Condition for pretreatment with filter-aids

As pretreatments prior to membrane filtrations, Microfiltration and Ultra filtration

The use of filter-aids such as :

Bentonite

Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP)

Activated carbon

These materials are generally used to absorb

impurities, particles and microorganism inconjugation with membrane filtration

Enzyme : Pectinase

Amilase


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3. Membrane filtrationThe pretreatment apple juices were applied to two kind of membrane

Microfiltration (MF)

Ultra filtration (UF)

Both of them are the hollow fiber type made ofpolysulfone material and their characteristics are

compared in the table following


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Unit Ultrafiltration

Membrane

(SKUF30-103)

Microfiltration

Membrane

(SKMF01-103)

Membrane i.d./o.d mm 0.8/1.4 0.4/0.6

MWCO - 30000 -

Membrane pore size - - 0.01

Membrane area m2 0.06 0.07

Initial fluxa 1/h 28.8 40.0

Operating pressure kgf/cm2 1-2 0.5-3

Maximum pressure kgf/cm2 3 5

Maximum temperature oC 60 95


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4. Quality analysis

1. pH and titratable acidity

2. Turbidity

3. Tannin content4. Color

5. Free sugars content

6. Organic acids content

7. Vitamin C content

Apple juice concentrate (45o Brix)

Reconstituted juice (12.5o Brix) bydilution

Pretreatment by filter aid

Filter aid 1

Bentonite (0.5%)PVPP (0.2%)

Activated carbon (10-14mesh, 1.0%)Conditions: 20oC, 130rpm, 60min.

Filter aid 2

Enzyme: - pectinase 0.03%- amylase 0.003%

Conditions : 40o

C, 60 min.Inactivated 80oC, 5 min.

Membrane separationby UF and MF

Clear apple juice


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Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of BUS-200 system for microfiltration and ultrafiltration:

(1) feed tank, (2) valve, (3) feed pump, (4) rotameter, (5) pressure gauge, (6)

membrane, (7) permeate, (8) retenate, (9) flowmeter


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4.Resistance in series model

Permeate flux(Jt) of a membrane can be expressed with the filtrationresistance model, whose concept was based on the resistance series model.

Permeate flux(Jt) was calculated using the equation :

Jt = P / Rt = P / (Rm + Rc + Rf)

P : average transmembrane

Rt : total resistanceRc : cake layer resistance

Rf : fouling resistance

Rm : intrinsic resistance

: viscosity

Jw : water flux

Rm= P / w Jw Rf= P / w Jf- Rm

Rc = Rt - Rf- Rm Rt= P / Jf


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&Results and discussion'1. Condition for pretreatment with filter- aids

Follow the filtration we can remark :

- Bentonite 0.5%, PVPP 0.2%, Activated carbon 1.0% , Pectinase 0.03%

Amilase 0.003% at 40oC

All pretreatments were done for 60 min

2. Effect of various treatments on apple juice turbidity Bentonite has the highest clarification ability followed by enzyme ,

PVPP, and activated carbon

The pH and total acidity were not changed significantly by two types of

membrane filtration as well as by pretreatment

3. Permeate flux during membrane filtrations Among filter-aids, bentonite was the best in both membrane processes

Activated carbon was not appropriate to enhance the permeate flux

4. Resistance change during membrane filtrations Total resistance (Rt) during UF was higher than MF due to the higher

operation pressure

Bentonite, especially, can reduce the the Rc/Rt without the raise of Rf/Rt


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&Results and discussion'


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&Results and discussion'5. Color change during membrane filtrations

In PO group, bentonite was superior because it changed the color closer to

yellow than others, from 136.8 to 125.1

6. Quality change during membrane filtration Free sugar : content was not changed by membrane filter-aid

Organic acid content was not changed by each treatment Vitamin C : filter-aid did not have any problem in Vitamin C ultilzation

from the final permeated juice.


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&Conclusions'

This study was conducted to establish the optimal condition

for apple juice clarification by the membrane filtration with filter-aid

Through the study filter-aids to reduce the juice turbidity by using

Bentonite, PVPP and activated carbon for pretreatmentThe things happened after the result of process were analyzed

The color of apple juice was improved toward yellowish by

bentonite

Quality index was kept well during the clarification process

So the utrafiltration with bentonite filter-aid was optimal to clarify

apple juice effectively


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Thank you very much!

Good luck!

presentation ou 10

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