nociones de mecánica

20
ILGÅDCGE> Iåu|cdew 5$CDPVH@\GGC×D Kldlveoildpl/ g|ed`h wl befoe `l iåu|cdew lw dlglwevch beglvoh peifcãd `l ihphvlw/ }|lw ld oe ieshvée `l ohw gewhw ph`e iåu|cde oolqe cdghv}hve`e |d ihphv u|l pvedwahvie/ il`cedpl |d ilgedcwih `l pvedwicwc÷d/ oe ldlvkée vhpephvce `l w| lnl ld pvefenh ilgådcgh$ \dh `l ohw vlphw iåw ci}hvpedplw u|l pcldl lo bhifvl `l bhs ld `ée lw e}vhqlgbev eo iårcih oe ldlvkée `l u|l `cw}hdl$ ]|lw fcld/ u|c~åw ld lwl wldpc`h lo ihphv loãgpvcgh pcldl i|gbh u|l `lgcv/ }|lw `lo icwih ih`h u|l |d kldlve`hv l÷ocgh pvedwahvie oe ldlvkée gcdãpcge `lo qcldph ld ldlvkée loãgpvcge e oe weoc`e `lo kldlve`hv/ ghd lwpe ldlvkée }vh`|gc`e }h`lihw eggchdev e w| qlv hpve iåu|cde u|l oolql e gefh |de d|lqe a|dgc÷d$ 6$ILGEDCWIHW @L PVEDWICWC×D \d ilgedcwih lw |d `cw}hwcpcqh u|l pvedwahvie lo ihqcicldph }vh`|gc`h }hv |d lolildph ihpvc~ ld |d ihqcicldph `lwle`h ld oe weoc`e$ Oe pvewahviegc÷d `l oe a|lv~e s lo ihqcicldph }vh`|gc`h/ kldlveoildp l }hv |d ihphv/ wl w|lol vleoc~ev il`cedpl ge`ldew gcdliåpcgew/ u|l whd wcwpliew `l lolildphw ilgådcghw ghdqldcldplildpl ghdlgpe`hw ldpvl wé }eve pvedwicpcv }hpldgce ilgådcge `lo lolildph ihpvc~ e oe gevke }vh}ceildpl `cgbe$ Lwphw lolildphw ilgådcghw/ e w| ql~/ w|lold cv ihdpe`hw whfvl ohw ooeie`hw lnlw `l pvedwicwc÷d / u|l whd }cl~ew gcoéd`vcgew whfvl oew g|eolw wl ghohged ohw ilgedcwihw `l pvedwicwc÷d ghvvlw}hd`cl dplw s u|l wlvåd ohw ldgevke`hw `l pvedwicpcv lo ihqcicldph `l |de }evpl e hpve `lo wcwplie$ Ldpvl ohw ilgedcwihw `l pvedwicwc÷d iåw ci}hvpedplw li}ole`hw ld oe pvedwicwc÷d `l }hpldgce ilgådcge e pveqãw `l ge`ldew gcdliåpcgew/ }h`lihw `lwpegev> wcwpliew `l  }holew s ghvvlew/ wcwpliew `l v|l`ew `l avcggc÷d/ wcwpliew `l ldkvedenlw/ wcwpliew `l v|l`ew `ldpe`ew s ge`ldew/

Upload: vapensiero

Post on 06-Apr-2018

220 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 1/20

ILGÅDCGE> 

Iåu|cdew

5$CDPVH@\GGC×D

Kldlveoildpl/ g|ed`h wl befoe `l iåu|cdew lw dlglwevch

beglvoh peifcãd `l ihphvlw/ }|lw ld oe ieshvée `l ohw

gewhw ph`e iåu|cde oolqe cdghv}hve`e |d ihphv u|l

pvedwahvie/ il`cedpl |d ilgedcwih `l pvedwicwc÷d/ oe

ldlvkée vhpephvce `l w| lnl ld pvefenh ilgådcgh$

\dh `l ohw vlphw iåw ci}hvpedplw u|l pcldl lo bhifvl `l

bhs ld `ée lw e}vhqlgbev eo iårcih oe ldlvkée `l u|l

`cw}hdl$ ]|lw fcld/ u|c~åw ld lwl wldpc`h lo ihphv 

loãgpvcgh pcldl i|gbh u|l `lgcv/ }|lw `lo icwih ih`h u|l

|d kldlve`hv l÷ocgh pvedwahvie oe ldlvkée gcdãpcge `lo

qcldph ld ldlvkée loãgpvcge e oe weoc`e `lo kldlve`hv/ ghd

lwpe ldlvkée }vh`|gc`e }h`lihw eggchdev e w| qlv hpve

iåu|cde u|l oolql e gefh |de d|lqe a|dgc÷d$

6$ILGEDCWIHW @L PVEDWICWC×D

\d ilgedcwih lw |d `cw}hwcpcqh u|l pvedwahvie loihqcicldph }vh`|gc`h }hv |d lolildph ihpvc~ ld |d

ihqcicldph `lwle`h ld oe weoc`e$ Oe pvewahviegc÷d `l oe

a|lv~e s lo ihqcicldph }vh`|gc`h/ kldlveoildpl }hv |d

ihphv/ wl w|lol vleoc~ev il`cedpl ge`ldew gcdliåpcgew/ u|lwhd wcwpliew `l lolildphw ilgådcghw ghdqldcldplildpl

ghdlgpe`hw ldpvl wé }eve pvedwicpcv }hpldgce ilgådcge `lo

lolildph ihpvc~ e oe gevke }vh}ceildpl `cgbe$

Lwphw lolildphw ilgådcghw/ e w| ql~/ w|lold cv ihdpe`hw

whfvl ohw ooeie`hw lnlw `l pvedwicwc÷d / u|l whd }cl~ewgcoéd`vcgew whfvl oew g|eolw wl ghohged ohw ilgedcwihw `l

pvedwicwc÷d ghvvlw}hd`cldplw s u|l wlvåd ohw ldgevke`hw `l

pvedwicpcv lo ihqcicldph `l |de }evpl e hpve `lo wcwplie$

Ldpvl ohw ilgedcwihw `l pvedwicwc÷d iåw ci}hvpedplw

li}ole`hw ld oe pvedwicwc÷d `l }hpldgce ilgådcge e pveqãw

`l ge`ldew gcdliåpcgew/ }h`lihw `lwpegev> wcwpliew `l

 }holew s ghvvlew/ wcwpliew `l v|l`ew `l avcggc÷d/ wcwpliew

`l ldkvedenlw/ wcwpliew `l v|l`ew `ldpe`ew s ge`ldew/

Page 2: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 2/20

wcwpliew `l phvdcooh wcdaéd s v|l`e blocghc`eo/ wcwpliew

`l v|l`e `ldpe`e s gvlieoolve/ lpg$

7$WCWPLIE @L ]HOLEW S GHVVLEW

 Ilgedcwih i|opc}ocge`hv s vl`|gphv `l qlohgc`e`  

Pvedwicwc÷d Wci}ol

Vloegc÷d `l pvedwicwc÷d "c#

Pvedwicwc÷d Ghi}|lwpe

 

Ohw wcwpliew `l pvedwicwc÷d `l }holew s ghvvlew wl li}oled

 }eve pvedwicpcv oe }hpldgce ilgådcge }vh}hvgchde`e }hv lo

lnl `lo ihphv ldpvl `hw lnlw wl}eve`hw ldpvl wé }hv |de

gclvpe `cwpedgce$ Oe pvedwicwc÷d `lo ihqcicldph }hv 

ghvvlew wl `lfl eo vh~eicldph ãwpew whfvl oew }holew/ `liedlve u|l looh w÷oh wlvå }hwcfol g|ed`h lo ihqcicldph

vhp÷vcgh s `l phvwc÷d u|l wl be `l pvedwicpcv ldpvl lnlwwle cdalvchv e oe a|lv~e `l vh~eicldph$ Lo qeohv `lo

vh~eicldph `l}ld`l/ whfvl ph`h/ `l oe pldwc÷d `l oe ghvvle

s `l oe vlwcwpldgce `l ãwpe e oe pveggc÷d: lw `lgcv/ `lo

pc}h `l ieplvceo ghd lo

u|l lwpå ghdwpv|c`e

"g|lvh/ acfvew/ bcohw

ilpåocghw vlg|fclvphw `l

khie/ lpg$# s `l w|w

`cildwchdlw$

Oew }holew whd v|l`ew

ghd |de h qevcew

bld`c`|vew ld oe ooedpe/

whfvl oew g|eolw wl

e}hsed oew ghvvlew$

Oew ghvvlew whd gcdpew

glvve`ew `l g|lvh s 

hpvhw ieplvceolw u|l wl

li}oled }eve pvedwicpcv 

ihqcicldph `l vhpegc÷d

Page 3: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 3/20

ldpvlw `hw lnlw kldlveoildpl }eveolohw$ ]|l`ld wlv `l

ahvie }oede/ vl`hd`e/ pve}l~hc`eo h `ldpe`e$

Lwpl wcwplie wl li}ole g|ed`h dh wl u|clvl pvedwicpcv 

kved`lw }hpldgcew `l |d lnl e hpvh$ W| }vcdgc}eo

cdghdqldcldpl wl `lfl e u|l lo vlwfeoeicldph `l oe ghvvlewhfvl oe }hole }vh`|gl }ãv`c`ew ghdwc`lvefolw `l }hpldgce:

whfvl ph`h ld lo evvedu|l$ ]eve lqcpev lwph }evgceoildpl

wl }|l`l |pcoc~ev |de ghvvle `ldpe`e/ u|l e|ildpe oe

w|nlgc÷d$

]eve lqcpev u|l oew ghvvlew wl weoked `l oew }holew/ wlvå

dlglwevch u|l oew }vcilvew wl iedpldked oh w|acgcldplildpl

pldwew ghih }eve u|l wled ge}eglw `l pvedwicpcv oe iårcie

 }hpldgce ldpvl lnlw wcd oolkev e weocvwl dc vhi}lvwl$ ]eve

lqcpev lwpl }vhfolie wl li}oled e qlglw vh`coohw pldwhvlw/

ohw g|eolw lnlvgld whfvl oew ghvvlew oe }vlwc÷d dlglwevce }eve iedpldlvoew ld pldwc÷d$

 

 Ilgedcwih  i|opc}ocge`hv  s vl`|gphv `lqlohgc`e` 

Wl `ldhicde

 ilgedcwih  i|opc}ocge`hv `l qlohgc`e` 

e eu|ão u|l

pvedwahvie oe

qlohgc`e` 

vlgcfc`e `l

|d lolildph

ihphv 

"qlohgc`e` `l

ldpve`e# ld

hpveqlohgc`e` 

ieshv 

"qlohgc`e` `l

weoc`e#$

Wl `ldhicde ilgedcwih vl`|gphv `l qlohgc`e` e eu|ão u|lpvedwahvie oe qlohgc`e` `l ldpve`e ld |de qlohgc`e` `l

weoc`e ildhv$

Ld ph`h ilgedcwih `l pvedwicwc÷d lrcwpld ghih iédcih `hw

lnl/ ooeie`hw lnl ihpvc~ s lnl ghd`|gc`h h evvewpve`h$ Lolnl ihpvc~ lw lo u|l kldlve lo ihqcicldph s }|l`l lwpev 

Page 4: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 4/20

Page 5: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 5/20

Page 6: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 6/20

Il`cedpl lwpl wcwplie wl ghdwck|ld pvedwicpcv }hpldgcew

vloepcqeildpl eopew ldpvl `hw lnlw `cwpedplw ldpvl wé/ wcd

u|l lrcwpe e}ldew vlwfeoeicldph h `lw}vld`cicldph ldpvl

oew `hw v|l`ew `l }cõhdlw s oe ge`lde/ u|l lw lo lolildph

`l ldoegl u|l |dl eifew

v|l`ew$

U|c~åw ldpvl oew i|gbew

e}ocgegchdlw u|l |wed lwpl

pc}h `l wcwpliew `l

pvedwicwc÷d/ oew }vcilvew u|l

dhw qcldld e oe ildpl whd oe

`l oe fcgcgolpe s oe `l oe

ihphgcgolpe/ e|du|l peifcãd wl

|pcoc~ed ld hpvhw i|gbhw

gei}hw/ whfvl ph`h ld lo

wlgphv `l oe ieu|cdevceekvéghoe$

Lwpl wcwplie ghdwpe `l `hw

v|l`ew `ldpe`ew "}cõhdlw#

ihdpe`hw whfvl `hw lnlw

 }eveolohw s whfvl oew g|eolw

wl e`ldpvew ohw lwoefhdlw

aohneildpl evpcg|oe`hw u|l

ghi}hdld oe ge`lde/ `l iedlve

u|l eo beglv kcvev |de `l

looew "v|l`e ihpvc~# evvewpvee oe hpve "v|l`e ghd`|gc`e#$ Lo ihqcicldph vhpephvch s lo

ihqcicldph `l phvwc÷d wl pvedwicpl ldpvl ohw lnlw }hv oe

pveggc÷d ldpvl oe ge`lde s oew v|l`ew `ldpe`ew$

]eve lqcpev }vhfoliew `l }ãv`c`e `l qlohgc`e` }hv lo

vlwfeoeicldph `l oe ge`lde wlvå dlglwevch u|l ãwpe wl

iedpldke w|acgcldplildpl pldwe/ oh g|eo wl ghdwck|l e fewl

`l v|l`ew pldwhvew `ldpe`ew$ E`liåw/ |d wcwplie `l lwpl

pc}h dlglwcpe `l |d iedpldcicldph ghdpcd|h `l o|fvcgegc÷d

 }eve vl`|gcv lo `lplvchvh s lo `lwen|wpl ldpvl oe ge`lde s 

ohw }cõhdlw/ ewé ghih lo a|dgchdeicldph v|c`hwh `l ãwpl$

]eve lwpl wcwplie wl g|i}old oew icwiew lr}vlwchdlw u|l ld

|d wcwplie `l }holew `l pvedwicwc÷d wci}ol$

`5 .d5 9 `6 . d6 

<$WCWPLIE @L V\L@EW @L AVCGGC×D

Page 7: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 7/20

Lwpl wcwplie `l pvedwicwc÷d ghdwcwpl ld beglv vlwfeoev `hw

h iåw v|l`ew u|l wl phged ldpvl wé s ihdpe`ew whfvl lnlw

 }eveolohw il`cedpl oe a|lv~e u|l }vh`|gl lo vh~eicldph

ldpvl eifew$ ]eve }h`lv pvedwicpcv ihqcicldph `l |d lnl e

hpvh wlvå dlglwevch u|l eifew v|l`ew lwpãd ld ghdpegph/

lnlvgcld`h|de gclvpe

 }vlwc÷d oe

|de whfvl

oe hpve$

Eo

ghdpvevch

`l oh u|l

w|gl`ée ld

lo wcwplie

`l }holew s ld lo `l

ge`ldew/ ld

lwpl pc}h

`l

ilgedcwih

lo wldpc`h

`l kcvh `lo

lnl ihpvc~ wlvå ghdpvevch eo `lo lnl ghd`|gc`h$

Kldlveoildpl lwpl pc}h `l wcwplie whoeildpl wl |we g|ed`h

wl }vlpld`ld pvedwicpcv }lu|lõew }hpldgcew/ se u|l eolwpev ld ghdpegph |de v|l`e ghd hpve wl }vh`|gl/ }hv 

vlwfeoeicldph/ |de }ãv`c`e `l qlohgc`e`$ Hpvh

cdghdqldcldpl `lo |wh `l lwpew v|l`ew lw w| ghdpcd|h

`lwkewpl `lfc`h e u|l a|dgchded }hv vh~eicldph s }hv 

 }vlwc÷d$

W|w }vcdgc}eolw e}ocgegchdlw wl ldg|ldpved ld lo gei}h `l

oe lolgpv÷dcge s ld lo `l oe cdahviåpcge> lu|c}hw `l

whdc`h/ qé`lh/ ci}vlwhvew/ lpg$

Eo ck|eo u|l ghd ohw `hw ilgedcwihw edplvchvlw/ }eve lwplpc}h `l wcwplie peifcãd wl g|i}old oew icwiew lr}vlwchdlw

iepliåpcgew u|l ld lo gewh `l oew }holew / wcld`h oe

`cwpedgce ldpvl lnlw &g& ck|eo e>

d5 . `59 d6 . `6 

g 9 "`5 * `6# ( 6 

1$WCWPLIE @L LDKVEDENLW 

Page 8: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 8/20

 

V\L@EW @LDPE@EW 

Ldkvedenlw vlgphw

Ldkvedenlw blocghc`eolw

Ldkvedenlw g÷dcghw

]evåilpvhw s gevegplvéwpcgew `l ohw ldkvedenlw ghd `cldplw

vlgphw

Pvedwicwc÷d wci}ol

Pvedwicwc÷d Ghi}|lwpe

V\L@EW @LDPE@EW 

 

Wl pvepe `l |dh `l ohw ilgedcwihw `l pvedwicwc÷d/

ghdn|dpeildpl ghd oew }holew/ iåw edpck|hw u|l wl ghdhgld$

Ohw ldkvedenlw whd ilgedcwihw |pcoc~e`hw ld oe pvedwicwc÷d

`l ihqcicldph vhpephvch s ihqcicldph `l phvwc÷d ldpvl

lnlw$

Lwpl wcwplie }hwll kved`lw qldpene ghd vlw}lgph e oew

ghvvlew s }holew> vl`|ggc÷d `lo lw}egch hg|}e`h/ vloegc÷d

`l pvedwicwc÷d iåw lwpefol "dh lrcwpl }hwcfcoc`e` `l

vlwfeoeicldph#/ }hwcfcoc`e` `l geifchw `l qlohgc`e` 

e|phiåpcghw s/ whfvl ph`h/ ieshv ge}egc`e` `l pvedwicwc÷d

`l }hpldgce$ W|w e}ocgegchdlw whd i|s d|ilvhwew/ s whd `l

qcpeo ci}hvpedgce ld lo i|d`h `l oe ilgådcge ld kldlveo s 

`lo wlgphv `lo e|phi÷qco ld }evpcg|oev$

Wl pvepe `l |d wcwplie vlqlvwcfol ge}e~ `l pvedwicpcv 

 }hpldgce ld eifhw wldpc`hw/ ld lo u|l dh whd dlglwevchw

lolildphw cdplvil`chw ghih ghvvlew s ge`ldew }eve

pvedwicpcv lo ihqcicldph `l |d lnl e hpvh$

Ld |d wcwplie `l lwpl pc}h wl ol w|lol ooeiev v|l`e eo

ldkvedenl `l ieshv `cåilpvh s }cõ÷d eo iåw }lu|lõh$ G|ed`h

lo }cõ÷d i|lql oe v|l`e wl pcldl |d wcwplie vl`|gphv `l

qlohgc`e`/ icldpvew u|l g|ed`h oe v|l`e i|lql lo }cõ÷d wl

pvepe `l |d wcwplie i|opc}ocge`hv `l qlohgc`e`$

Hfqceildpl/ lo blgbh `l u|l |de v|l`e pldke u|l ld`ldpev 

ghd hpve }eve }h`lv pvedwicpcv }hpldgce ldpvl `hw lnlw

begl u|l lo wldpc`h `l kcvh `l ãwphw wle `cwpcdph$

Page 9: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 9/20

Ld a|dgc÷d `l oe ahvie `l w|w `cldplw s `l oe `lo }vh}ch

ldkvedenl/ ãwphw }|l`ld wlv>

. Ldkvedenlw vlgphw$

. Ldkvedenlw blocghc`eolw$

. Ldkvedenlw g÷dcghw$

Ldkvedenlw vlgphw

Whd ldkvedenlw gcoéd`vcghw `l `cldplw vlgphw s qed

ghocdleolw ghd lo }vh}ch lnl `l oe v|l`e `ldpe`e$ Wl|pcoc~ed ld pvedwicwchdlw `l lnlw }eveolohw ahvied`h ewé

oh u|l wl ghdhgl ghd lo dhifvl `l pvldlw `l ldkvedenlw$

Lwpl blgbh begl u|l wled |dhw `l ohw iåw |pcoc~e`hw/ }|lw

dh ld qedh wl }|l`ld ldghdpvev ld g|eou|clv pc}h `l

iåu|cde> vlohnlw/ n|k|lplw/ iåu|cdew blvveicldpew/ lpg$

Ldkvedenlw blocghc`eolw

Whd eu|ãoohw g|shw `cldplw lwpåd `cw}|lwphw wck|cld`h oe

pveslgphvce `l bãocglw }eveoloew eovl`l`hv `l |d gcocd`vh$

Lwphw ldkvedenlw }|l`ld pvedwicpcv ihqcicldph "}hpldgce#

ldpvl lnlw }eveolohw h ldpvl lnlw u|l wl gv|~ed ld

g|eou|clv `cvlggc÷d "cdgo|wh }lv}ld`cg|oevlw#$ @lfc`h e w|

ahvie klhiãpvcge/ w| ghdwpv|ggc÷d vlw|ope iåw geve u|l ohw

edplvchvlw s wl |pcoc~e ld e}ocgegchdlw lw}lgéacgew peolw

ghih> genew `l geifchw/ ge`ldew gcdliåpcgew/ iåu|cdew

blvveicldpew/ lpg$

Ld lwpl gewh/ lo wcwplie `l ldkvedl `l w|w `cldplw

 }vh}hvgchde |de ievgbe iåw w|eql u|l oe `l ohw ldkvedenlw

vlgphw/ oh g|eo begl u|l wl pvepl `l |d wcwplie iåw

wcoldgchwh/ ghd |de pvedwicwc÷d `l a|lv~e s `l ihqcicldph

iåw |dcahvil s wlk|ve$

Ldkvedenlw g÷dcghw

Page 10: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 10/20

Wl |pcoc~ed }eve pvedwicpcv ihqcicldph ldpvl lnlw

 }lv}ld`cg|oevlw/ e|du|l peifcãd wl aefvcged ahvied`h

ådk|ohw `calvldplw e 3= kve`hw$

Wl pvepe `l v|l`ew `ldpe`ew ld ahvie `l pvhdghw `l ghdh/

ghd `cldplw peooe`hw ld |de `l w|w w|}lvacgclw oeplveolw$

@cgbhw `cldplw }|l`ld wlv vlgphw h g|vqhw "bc}hc`lw#/wcld`h lwphw þopcihw i|s |pcoc~e`hw ld wcwpliew `l

pvedwicwc÷d }eve e|phi÷qcolw$

V|l`ew `ldpe`ew

]evåilpvhw s gevegplvéwpcgew `l ohw ldkvedenlw ghd `cldplwvlgphw

Hfqceildpl }eve u|l ld |d wcwplie`l ldkvedenlw wl ld`cldpld h wl

ldkvedld |dhw ghd hpvhw/ lo

peieõh `l ohw `cldplw `lflvå wlv 

lo icwih }eve ph`ew oew v|l`ew$

Eo dþilvh `l `cldplw `l |de v|l`e

wl ol `ldhicdevå ghd oe olpve

&^&$ Wl `ldhicdevå }ewh &}& e oe

`cwpedgce ldpvl `hw `cldplw

ghdwlg|pcqhw$

Oe gcvg|dalvldgce }vcicpcqe h

`cåilpvh }vcicpcqh &`}&/ whfvl lu|l wl w|}hdl u|l oew v|l`ew

vleoc~ed oe pvedwicwc÷d/ lwpå

vloegchde`h ghd hpvh }evåilpvh

ci}hvpedpl `ldhicde`h i÷`|oh &i&/u|l lw oe vloegc÷d ldpvl lo

`cåilpvh }vcicpcqh s lo dþilvh `l

`cldplw$ Pedph lo i÷`|oh ghih lo

 }ewh wl lr}vlwevåd ld |dc`e`lw `l ohdkcp|` "ii#$

  i9`}(^ }9  } . i 

Lo qeohv `lo i÷`|oh w|lol wlv |d dþilvh ldplvh h aveggc÷d

wldgcooe$

]hv w| }evpl/ oe eop|ve phpeo `lo `cldpl &b& wl `cqc`l

kldlveoildpl ld `hw }evplw>

. Oe eop|ve `l oe gefl~e `lo `cldpl &bg& u|l dhvieoildpl

phie ghih qeohv> bg9i . Oe eop|ve `l ahd`h h }cl `lo `cldpl u|l dhvieoildpl phie

ghih qeohv> ba95/6<.i 

Page 11: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 11/20

Ghdhgc`h lo `cåilpvh }vcicpcqh s oe eop|ve phpeo `lo

`cldpl &b&/ wl }|l`l `lplvicdev lo `cåilpvh lrplvchv &`l&s lo `cåilpvh `l ahd`h &`a&> 

b9bg*ba96/6<.i 

`l9`}*6.bg9`}*6.i `a9`})6.ba9`})6/<.i 

Acdeoildpl/ u|l`e }hv ildgchdev oe ohdkcp|` `lo `cldpl

&F&/ u|l w|lol pldlv peifcãd |d qeohv dhvieoc~e`h `lF95=.i 

Ph`hw ohw qeohvlw edplvchvlw wl }|l`ld hfwlvqev 

kvåacgeildpl ld oe ack|ve$

Pvedwicwc÷d wci}ol 

G|ed`h lo ihqcicldph wl

pvedwicpl `cvlgpeildpl ldpvl

`hw lnlw wl pvepe `l |d wcwplie

`l pvedwicwc÷d wci}ol$

  i9`}5(^5 i9`}6(^6 ck|eoed`h eifew lr}vlwchdlw

`}5(`}69^5(^6 

d5.`}59d6.`}6 

d6(d59`}5(`}69^5(^6 

d5.^59d6.^6 

@hd`l ^5 s ^6 lw lo dþilvh `l`cldplw `l oe v|l`e ghd`|gphve

s ghd`|gc`e vlw}lgpcqeildpl s/

d5 s d6 oe qlohgc`e` `l kcvh ldeifhw lnlw ld v$}$i$

]hv w| }evpl/ oe vloegc÷d `l

pvedwicwc÷d &c& `lo wcwplie ewé ghih oe `cwpedgce &g&ldpvl lnlw/ wlvå ck|eo e>

c9qlohgc`e` `l weoc`e(qlohgc`e` `l ldpve`e9d6(d59^5(^6 

g9"`}5*`}6#(6 

Page 12: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 12/20

Pvedwicwc÷d Ghi}|lwpe 

Ld lwpl gewh oe pvedwicwc÷d wl

vleoc~e ldpvl iåw `l `hw lnlw

wci|opådleildpl/ }eve oh g|eo

wlvå dlglwevch u|l ld ge`e |dh`l ohw lnlw cdplvil`chw qesed

ihdpe`ew hfockephvceildpl `hw

v|l`ew `ldpe`ew "^6 s ~6#$ \de

`l looew ldkvede ghd oe v|l`e

ihpvc~/ u|l lw oe u|l

 }vh}hvgchde lo ihqcicldph/

icldpvew u|l oe hpve ghdlgpe

ghd lo lnl wck|cldpl eo u|l

evvewpve$

d5 . ~5 9 d6 . ~6 

d6 . ^6 9d7 .~7 

c 9 c5/6 . c6/7 9 "~5(^6# . "~6(~7# 9 "d6(d5# . "d7(d6#

c 9 d7(d5 9 "~5(^6# . "~6(~7#

;$ ILGEDCWIH @L B\WCOOH S P\LVGE

 

Pc}hw `l Vhwge

]ewhw `l Vhwge

Lo ilgedcwih `l b|wcooh s p|lvge lwpå

ghdwpcp|c`h }hv |d phvdcooh "b|wcooh #

s |de p|lvge$ W| a|dgchdeicldph lwpeo u|l wc wl iedpcldl acne oe

p|lvge/ lo ihqcicldph kcvephvch `lo

phvdcooh }vh`|gl w| `lw}oe~eicldph

ohdkcp|`cdeoildpl s qcglqlvwe$

Il`cedpl lwpl wcwplie wl ghdwck|l

ghdqlvpcv lo ihqcicldph gcvg|oev `lo

phvdcooh ld ihqcicldph vlgpcoédlh `l

oe p|lvge$

Ld lwpl gewh lo ihqcicldph gcvg|oev dh pcldl }hv u|ã lwpev }vh}hvgchde`h

Page 13: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 13/20

 }hv |d lolildph ihphv/ wcdh u|l wl }|l`l }vh`|gcv 

ied|eoildpl il`cedpl |de iedcqloe ghih w|gl`l ld lo

phvdcooh `l fedgh$

Lo b|wcooh/ eo ck|eo u|l g|eou|clv hpvh phvdcooh/ wl

gevegplvc~e }hv lo dþilvh `l ldpve`ew "l# s }hv lo }ewh `loe vhwge "}#$ Ewé/ }hv lnli}oh/ |d phvdcooh `l 6 ii `l

 }ewh s |de ldpve`e/ eo kcvev |de q|lope ghi}olpe whfvl |de

p|lvge }vh`|gl |d eqedgl `l ãwpe `l 6ii$ Wcd lifevkh/ ld

|d phvdcooh ghd lo icwih }ewh s `hw ldpve`ew/ eqed~e oe

p|lvge ld lo icwih pcli}h 0 ii$

Lo eqedgl wlvå> E 9 } . l

Oe qlohgc`e` `l eqedgl wlvå> Qe 9 E . d 9 } . l . d :`hd`l "d# lw oe qlohgc`e` gcvg|oev `l kcvh$

Lo pcli}h u|l pev`e oe p|lvge ld vlghvvlv oe `cwpedgce "o#wlvå> Qe 9 o ( p `hd`l p 9 o ( Qe

 

Pc}hw `l Vhwge

Lrcwpld `calvldplw pc}hw `l vhge ld

a|dgc÷d `l oe ahvie `lo }lvaco `loacolpl/ `lo dþilvh `l acolplw u|l

pldke/ `lo }ewh `l oe }vh}ce vhwge/ s 

`lo wldpc`h `l kcvh `l eqedgl `lo

phvdcooh$

Kldlveoildpl lo }lvaco `l |de vhwge

w|lol wlv `l ahvie pvcedk|oev/ wc

fcld peifcãd lrcwpld vhwgev `l }lvaco

g|e`ve`h/ pve}lgceo/ s ld `cldpl `l

wclvve h vl`hd`h$

Ld g|edph eo wldpc`h `l kcvh `l oe

vhwge/ dhvieoildpl lo eqedgl wl

 }vh`|gl kcved`h oe vhwge e oe

`lvlgbe/ icldpvew u|l lo vlphvdh wl

 }vh`|gl kcved`h oe vhwge e oe

c~u|clv`e$ Peifcãd lrcwpld phvdcoohw

s p|lvgew u|l a|dgchded ld wldpc`h

cdqlvwh$

 

Page 14: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 14/20

 

]ewhw `l Vhwge

\de vhwge }|l`l lwpev ghdwpcp|c`e }hv 

|dh h iåw acolplw/ ldvhooe`hw

 }eveoloeildpl eovl`l`hv `lo dþgolh `lo

phvdcooh$

Eo dþilvh `l acolplw `l |de vhwge wl

ol `ldhicde dþilvh `l ldpve`ew "l#$

Wl `ldhicde }ewh "}# e oe `cwpedgceldpvl `hw acolplw ghdwlg|pcqhw$

]eve oe ghdwpv|ggc÷d `l vhwgew

cdplvchvlw "p|lvgew# wl |pcoc~ed ohw

 iegbhw `l vhwgev / u|l whd |dhwphvdcoohw `l eglvh i|s `|vh "pli}oe`h#

 }vhqcwphw `l |dew ved|vew

ohdkcp|`cdeolw u|l }lvicpld `lweohnev 

oe qcv|pe u|l wl kldlve ld lo peooe`h

`l oe vhwge$ ]eve oe aefvcgegc÷d `l

vhwgew lrplvchvlw "phvdcoohw# wl |pcoc~ed oew plvvenew `lvhwgev u|l lwpåd ahvie`ew }hv |de p|lvge `l eglvh pli}oe`h

 }vhqcwpe `l |dew ved|vew h }eolpew ohdkcp|`cdeolw/ u|l

 }lvicpld `lweohnev oe qcv|pe u|l wl kldlve ld lo peooe`h

`l oe vhwge$

2$ ]HPLDGCE ILGÅDCGE$ IHILDPH @L KCVH$

Page 15: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 15/20

]eve aegcocpev oe ghi}vldwc÷d `l lwphw `hw ghdgl}phw wl

phievå ghih vlalvldgce |d phvdh ghih lo `l oe ack|ve/

eggchde`h }hv |de iedcqloe/ il`cedpl lo g|eo wl }vlpld`l

lolqev |de gevke `l |d `lplvicde`h }lwh$

Wl `lacdl ihildph `l kcvh "}ev# `lo

phvdh "I# eo

 }vh`|gph `lo ve`ch

`lo pvhdh "v# }hv 

oe a|lv~e lnlvgc`e

`lfc`h eo }lwh `l

oe gevke "A#: lw

`lgcv  I 9 A . v :`hd`l oe A|lv~e

qcldl lr}vlwe`e ld

Dl{phd s lo ve`chld ilpvhw$

]eve u|l lo

wcwplie lwpã ld

lu|cocfvch s wl

 }|l`e lolqev oe

gevke/ wlvå

dlglwevch u|l lo

ihildph `l kcvh }vh`|gc`h }hv `cgbe gevke wle ck|eo eo

ihildph `l kcvh hvckcde`h }hv oe iedcqloe>

 I 9 A . v 9 U . ` 

]hv w| }evpl/ wl `lacdl }hpldgce ilgådcge "]# `lo phvdh eo

 }vh`|gph `lo }ev "I# }hv oe qlohgc`e` edk|oev "{#>

] 9 I . { 9 A . v . { 

`hd`l oe }hpldgce ilgådcge "]# qcldl lr}vlwe`e ld Qepchw

"[#/ g|ed`h lo }ev lwpå lr}vlwe`h ld Dl{phd }hv ilpvh

"D.i# s oe qlohgc`e` ld ve`cedlw }hv wlk|d`h "ve` ( wlk#$

Ld lwpl gewh/ lo phvdh wlvå lo lolildph ldgevke`h `l

pvedwahviev lo ihqcicldph gcvg|oev "{# ld ocdleo "q# `l oe

gevke wcld`h>

{ 9 q ( v )))) q 9 { . v )))) ] 9 A . q 

Wl }|l`l `lgcv u|l oe }hpldgce ilgådcge peifcãd lw ck|eo

eo }vh`|gph `l oe A|lv~e lnlvgc`e/ `lfc`h eo }lwh `l oe

gevke/ }hv oe qlohgc`e` ocdleo `l w|fc`e `l ãwpe lr}vlwe`e

ld ilpvhw }hv wlk|d`h$

Page 16: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 16/20

Oe qlohgc`e` ocdleo ghd oe u|l w|fl h fene oe gevke wlvå>

q 9 o ( p

3$WCWPLIE @L PHVDCOOH WCDAÉD S V\L@E @LDPE@E

Ghd lwpl ilgedcwih/ e`liåw `l }h`lv pvedwicpcv a|lv~e s 

ihqcicldph ldpvl `hw lnlw }lv}ld`cg|oevlw ldpvl wé/ wl

 }|l`ld ghdwlk|cv 

vloegchdlw `l

pvedwicwc÷d eopew$

Wl pvepe `l |d

wcwplie

cvvlqlvwcfol/ ld log|eo þdcgeildpl lw

 }hwcfol pvedwicpcv 

 }hpldgce `lo lnl `lo

wcdaéd "5# eo lnl `l

oe v|l`e "6#/ }lvh

dh ld wldpc`h

ghdpvevch$

Wlkþd wl }|l`l qlv 

ld oe ack|ve/ s w|}hdcld`h u|l lo phvdcooh lw `l |de whoe

ldpve`e/ ge`e ql~ u|l ãwpl `e |de q|lope ghi}olpe/ w÷oh |d

`cldpl `l oe v|l`e `ldpe`e }ewe }hv lo }|dph &r&$ @cgbh `l

hpvh ih`h/ }eve u|l oe v|l`e `ldpe`e `ã |de q|lope lo

phvdcooh `lflvå `ev pedpew q|lopew ghih `cldplw pldke oe

v|l`e$ Oe qlohgc`e` `l kcvh `l eifhw lnlw q e `l}ld`lv 

pedph `lo dþilvh `l `cldplw `l oe v|l`e "^6# ghih `lo

dþilvh `l ldpve`ew "l5# `lo phvdcooh wcdaéd>

d5 . l5 9 d6 . ~6 

Ld g|edph e oe pvedwicwc÷d &c& `lo wcwplie/ wlvå >

c 9 d6 ( d5 9 l5 ( ~6 

 

Ld lwpl gewh &c&

wcli}vl wlvå ildhv 

Page 17: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 17/20

u|l oe |dc`e` s lo wcwplie egp|evå whoeildpl ghih vl`|gphv 

`l qlohgc`e`$

Lo blgbh `l u|l ghd lwpl pc}h `l wcwpliew wl ghdwcked

vloegchdlw `l pvedwicwc÷d eopew/ whfvl ph`h wc wl ghi}eved

ghd ohw wcwpliew edplvchvlw/ begl u|l wl |pcocgl lde}ocgegchdlw i|s `cqlvwew peolw ghih ghdpe`hvlw

loãgpvcghw/ g|ldpevvlqho|gchdlw/ gevvhw `l iåu|cdew

blvveicldpew/ n|k|lplw/ gvlieoolvew `l `cvlggchdlw }eve

e|phi÷qcolw/ lpg$

 

5=$ WCWPLIE @L ]CÕ×D S GVLIEOOLVE

Ghd lwpl wcwplie wl ghdwck|l pvedwahviev lo ihqcicldph

gcvg|oev u|l oolke e oe v|l`e `ldpe`e "}cõ÷d# ld

vlgpcoédlh eo ldkvedev ohw `cldplw `l oe gcpe`e v|l`e ghd

ohw `cldplw `l |de fevve }vcwiåpcge "gvlieoolve# u|l wl

`lw}oe~e ohdkcp|`cdeoildpl "ihqcicldph vlgpcoédlh#$ Wl

pvepe `l |d wcwplie vlqlvwcfol ld lo u|l ohw `cldplw `l oe

v|l`e `ldpe`e s `l oe gvlieoolve `lfld pldlv lo icwih }ewh

ghd lo acd `l u|l lo }cõ÷d }|l`e `lwoc~evwl whfvl oe

gvlieoolve$

Lo eqedgl "E# `l oe

v|l`e h/ `cgbh `l

hpve ahvie/ ohw

icoéilpvhw u|l ãwpe

eqed~e ge`e ql~ u|l

`e |de q|lope

ghi}olpe wlvå ck|eo

e>

 E 9  } . `} 9 } . ~ 

`hd`l>

`} vl}vlwldpe lo `cåilpvh }vcicpcqh `l oe v|l`e ld ii$

 } vl}vlwldpe lo }ewh `l ohw `cldplw `l oe v|l`e ld ii$

~ vl}vlwldpe lo dþilvh `l `cldplw `l oe v|l`e$

Page 18: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 18/20

Oe qlohgc`e` `l eqedgl "Qe# `l oe gvlieoolve lr}vlwe`e ld

ii(icd$ qcldl `e`e }hv>

Q~ 9 E . d 9 } . ~. d 

`hd`l d vl}vlwldpe oeqlohgc`e` gcvg|oev `loe v|l`e ld v$}$i$

Pldcld`h ld g|ldpe u|l

lo dþilvh `l `cldplw

 }hv icoéilpvh `l oe

gvlieoolve "D# lw ck|eo

e >

D 9 ~ ( E 9 5 ( } 

 } 9 5 ( D 

Oe qlohgc`e` `l eqedgl }|l`l lr}vlwevwl `l oe ahvie>

Qe 9 } . ~ . d 9 "~ . d# ( D 

55$ WCWPLIE @L FCLOE S IEDCQLOE 

Wl pvepe `l |dilgedcwih ge}e~ `l

pvedwahviev lo

ihqcicldph

gcvg|oev ld

ihqcicldph

eoplvdepcqh$ @cgbh

wcwplie lwpå

ahvie`h }hv |d

lolildph kcvephvch

`ldhicde`h

 iedcqloe u|l qe ghdlgpe`h ghd |de fevve vékc`e ooeie`e fcloe/ `l peo ahvie u|l eo kcvev oe iedcqloe oe fcloe wl

Page 19: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 19/20

ql hfocke`e e vlpvhgl`lv s eqed~ev/ }vh`|gcld`h |d

ihqcicldph eoplvdepcqh$

 

Lw |d wcwplie vlqlvwcfol il`cedpl lo g|eo kcved`h oe

iedcqloe wl }|l`l beglv `lw}oe~ev oe fcloe/ s qcglqlvwe$

Wc oe fcloe }vh`|gl lo ihqcicldph `l ldpve`e "ghih ld lo

gewh `l |d &}cwp÷d& ld lo ihphv `l |d e|phi÷qco#/ oe

iedcqloe wl ql hfocke`e

e kcvev$

Lo vlghvvc`h `l

`lw}oe~eicldph `l oe

fcloe "gevvlve# `l}ld`l`l oe ohdkcp|` `l oe

iedcqloe/ `l peo ahvie

u|l ge`e ql~ u|l ãwpe `e

|de q|lope ghi}olpe oe

fcloe wl `lw}oe~e |de

`cwpedgce ck|eo eo `hfol

`l oe ohdkcp|` `l oe

iedcqloe: lw `lgcv>

o "gevvlve# 9 6 . v 

`hd`l &o& lw oe ohdkcp|` 

`l `lw}oe~eicldph `l oe

fcloe s &v& lw oe ohdkcp|` `l oe iedcqloe$

Ldpvl w|w d|ilvhwew e}ocgegchdlw `lwpeged whfvl ph`h oew

|pcoc~e`ew ld lo i|d`h `lo e|phi÷qco$

56$ WCWPLIE @L LRGÃDPVCGE

 

Wl pvepe `l |d ilgedcwih dh vlqlvwcfol il`cedpl lo g|eo lw

 }hwcfol

pvedwahviev lo

ihqcicldph

gcvg|oev ld

eoplvdepcqh/ }lvhdh cdqlvweildpl$

Page 20: Nociones de Mecánica

8/3/2019 Nociones de Mecánica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nociones-de-mecanica 20/20

Ld lwpl gewh/ begcld`h kcvev |de }cl~e gcvg|oev `ldhicde`e

lrgãdpvcge eovl`l`hv `l |d }|dph `l kcvh dh wcp|e`h ld lo

gldpvh `l ãwpe/ wl }vh`|gl |d `lw}oe~eicldph eoplvdepcqh

whfvl g|eou|clv lolildph u|l wl ldg|ldpvl ld ghdpegph ghd

looe$

 

A|ldpl