no. 4 - miedo, angustia y temor - noviembre 2011

5/13/2018 No. 4 - Miedo, Angustia y Temor - Noviembre 2011 - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/no-4-miedo-angustia-y-temor-noviembre-2011 1/40

a { { } 6 , , n b } n t ` b d o n b } e d k w b / g

n l h s } l { / c l ` ,

O l z e d ` g w d 7

= 2 2

O l /

;

` b o e j d s { b c e ó o k d n l r t d s d c l o l c d c l ` l }

â

o

e

c

l

/

B n h t e d o ` d k e f l k d s } t å s r t d



]lw{bkb6 Dn hwe{l . Dkzbwk @toca. 2153/ Óndl. {d`}nd u }bs{dn slgwd cbw{óo/

Hbndwàb Obcelobn kd Lsnl. Olwtdhb

Ce{b6 @bwel Gdnnb{ào. Nb dsctdnb kdn klnlw at`bol kd Sdcatâo /

Kdwdcals Wdsdwzbkls/ Nb }nt`b do nb }edkwb . [lntcb. @åqecl. Ol/ ;. olzed`gwd 7=22/

Nb }nt`b do nb }edkwb ds tob }tgnecbceóo `dostbn d eokd}dokedo{d kd kes{wegtceóo

hwb{te{b }lw eo{dwod{/ [lkls nls bw{àctnls. dosbuls. dscwe{ls ne{dwbwels u lgwbs }tgnecbkbs slo

}wl}edkbk u wds}losbgenekbk öoecb u dqcntsezb kdn bt{lw u }tdkdo wd}wlktcewsd ce{bokl nb

Nb }nt`b do nb }edkwb

Bhwbkdcd b sts clnbglwbklwds }lw nb wdbnevbceóo kd ds{d oö`dwl. b sts ndc{lwds

}lw st }bw{ece}bceóo u bn drte}l dke{lwebn }lw st nbglw do dn kesdòl. clwwdcceóo u

{lkl nl clocdwoedo{d clo nb dnbglwbceóo kd ds{d oö`dwl/



Dscwegedwlo ds{d oö`dwl6

@bwcl Bo{loel @/ @dkeob

Sdwdob [lwwds ]dwbn{b

Hdwbwkl Jnlwds

F/ @/ Jbnb`bwl

Bobek Zbnndfl Lwktòb

3

Jl{óhwbjb

Ibweob ]lsbkbs [lwwefls



Bw{àctnls u dosbuls

Kebnåc{ecb kdn ds}bcel u nb doslòbceóo sdhöo Gbcadnbwk do Zdwb kd Zennedws kd N―Esnd Bkb`


Dn `edkl u nb `tdw{d do „Dn bn`labkóo kd }nt`b‐ u „Dn kd-sedw{l‐ kd Alwbcel Rtewlhb


8

2;

Cwdbceóo ne{dwbweb

Oedzd do dn [bocà{bwl Hdwbwkl Jnlwds

@e }drtdòl `los{wtl F/ @/ Jbnb`bwl

Dq}dkedo{d 35= Bobek Zbnndfl Lwktòb

7;

37

34

Hbndwàb

@lwdnebob do dn Fbwkào kd nls obwbofls/ Dkejecel Cdo{wbn kd Wdc{lwàb. TBD@åq/ [lntcb. @åqecl/

Ibweob ]lsbkbs [lwwefls 77

Dke{lwebn

4

@twl ]dwelkecbn

35

;



Ub nndhb`ls b olzed`gwd clo tob dkeceóo `âs kd Nb }nt`b do nb }edkwb / Bhwbkdcd-

`ls b {lkls otds{wls ndc{lwds st }wdjdwdoceb u b {lkls nls dscwe{lwds u bw{es{bs }lw

cbkb tob kd sts clnbglwbcelods/

Dn {d`b kd ds{d `ds hewb do {lwol bn edkl. dn {d`lw u nb bohts{eb. }lw nl rtd do ds{b

lcbseóo clo{b`ls clo kls boâneses ne{dwbwels6 tol slgwd to ctdo{l rtd jlw b }bw{dkdn zlnt`do Ctdo{ls cwtdnds kd Zdwb kd Zenndws kd N(Esnd Bkb u dn l{wl slgwd dn edkl

u nb tdw{d do 'Dn bn`labkóo kd }nt`b' u 'Dn kdsedw{l' kd Alwbcel Rtewlhb/ Clo

dnnls. nls bt{lwds eoze{bo b clolcdw nbs lgwbs kd ds{ls bt{lwds u b clojwlo{bw nls }to-

{ls kd zes{b dq}tds{ls/

]lw l{wb }bw{d. do Nb Hbndwàb sd }wdsdo{b Ibweob ]lsbkbs [lwwefls. clo tob jl{lhwbjàb

rtd jlw b }bw{d kd st clndcceóo6 'Bokbovbs kd @lwdnebob'. klokd ols }wdsdo{b b

@lwdnebob Odhwd{d do dn Fbwkào kd nls obwbofls. tgecbkl do dn dkejecel cdo{wbn kd

Wdc{lwàb kd nb Toezdwsekbk Bt{óol`b kdn Ds{bkl kd @åqecl/

U do Cwdbceóo Ne{dwbweb. nb sdcceóo jbzlwe{b kd {lkls. ols cl`}bw{do sts lgwbs6

Hdwbwkl Jnlwds. F/ @/ Jbnb`bwl u Bobek Zbnndfl Lwktòb/

]lcl b }lcl zbo }bsbokl nls `dsds u ol }tdkd jbn{bw do {t cl`}t{bklwb l do

brtdnnbs alfbs }bwb wdcecnbw. bnhöo dfd`}nbw kdNb }nt`b///

4



!Bw{àctnls u dosbuls%



]lw @bwcl Bo{loel @/ @dkeob

Kebnåc{ ecb kdn ds}bcel u nb doslòbceóo sdhöoGbcadnbwk do Zdwb kd Zennedws kd N―Esnd Bkb`

Dn cb{lneces`l sehtd sedokl nb

jlw b `âs }wbc{ecbkb kdn

b{dàs`l‚. dscwegeó bnhtob zdv

Bob{lnd Jwbocd/ Sónl ds{d

b{dàs`l. do{dokekl do {lkls nls bs}dc{ls kd nb

wdbnekbk lgfd{ezb. cloktcd b nb st}wdseóo kdn}weoce}el kd wbvóo stjecedo{d u b nb clo{d`}nb-

ceóo }twb kd nb eojlw d u kdscbwobkbZ lnto{bk/

Do ds{d sdo{ekl. nl cwtdn sd `boejeds{b {bo{l

do nl clo{d`}nbkl cl`l do nb e }lsegenekbk

at`bob kd }dw bodcdw `âs bnnâ kd to eos{bo{d

do dn dostdòl kd ds{b clo{d`}nbceóo/ Dn ]ld{b.

dgwel kd jbo{bsàb. kdsbw{ectnb dn docbkdob edo{l

jb{bn kd nls adcals {d`}lwbnds. ds}bcebnds u

cbtsbnds/ Dq{â{ecl. jtdwb kd sà. ån ds }lw to

`l`do{l negwd kd nbs b{bktwbs kdn `tokl u kd

st odcdsekbk/ Sts lfls. —âzekls kd gdnndvb‚. ub

ol zdo nb wdbnekbk/ Sónl ån zd nl rtd ds/

B kejdwdoceb kd brtdnnls rtedods gtscbo b

{wbzås kdn bw{d nb wd}wlktcceóo kd to ekdbn

e bheobwel kd bw loàb l }dwjdcceóo. Zennedws kdN‑Esnd. to dqes{eklw. wdotoceó clo lgs{eobceóo b

nls cb}wecals kd ds{b wdbnekbk/ Clos{wtuó }bwb sà

to `tokl kd jbo{bsàb. ewóoecb`do{d `âs wdbn.

`dols bgstwkl u ztnhbw rtd nb dqes{doceb cl`l

nb bk e{e ls/ Fb`âs clokdscdokeó bn

t{ene{bwes`l kd nb e bheobceóo/ St kdsds}dwbovb.

st eojeoe{b `dnboclnàb u nb esdweb rtd nd bcl -

}bòó {lkb nb zekb. abnnbo st fts{ejecbceóo do ds{b

}åwkekb eoclo`dostwbgnd/ Bcbsl nb zekb. cl`l

nb `d`lweb. sdb tob ds{bceóo ewwd}bwbgnd/

Nb Ob{twbndvb. nb wd}wlktcceóo eokdjeoekbu bgstwkb kd nls sdwds. ds eocb}bv kd kes{eohtew

}lw sà es`b do{wd dn gedo u dn `bn/ Bsà dn }ld{b

—do dn cdwwbkl cls`ls kd st cwdbceóo‚ ds

eokejdwdo{d bn `tokl u b sts cwdb{twbs. {bo{l

cl`l b st eojlw{toel l st jdnecekbk/ —Ctbokl dn

}ld{b b}bwdcd b nb zekb. ol sd sedo{d do{wd sts

sd`dfbo{ds/ Ol sbgd rtdwdw oe }dwklobw‚/ Sónl

rtdkb do ån tob }dwses{do{d d eodq}necbgnd

cwtdnkbk/ Bcbsl nb es`b cwtdnkbk eozesegnd clo

rtd sd `boejeds{b dn `tokl. do dn }dwjt`d kd

tob bvtcdob l do dn sdql bgedw{l kd tob `tfdw

kdsotkb/

Dn clokd Zennedws kd N‑Esnd obceó do

Gwd{bòb do 2131/ Jdne}d Zennedws kd N‑Esnd. dn

}we dw hwbo @bds{wd kd nls Cbgbnndwls kd @bn{b.sd ctdo{b do{wd sts wbocels bo{d}bsbkls/ St

}bkwd zezeó lgsdselobkl clo nb ekdb kd

kdsdo{dwwbw dn {dslwl }dwkekl }lw brtdnnls

Cbgbnndwls do nb Wdzlntceóo Jwbocdsb/

¼U nb {lwwd kd otds{wb bn`b ds{bwâ}lw sed`}wd bwwbsbkb<

H/ Gbcadnbwk

8




]wlnlhbokl tob dkeceóo b —Dn clozekbkl

kd nbs ön{e`bs jeds{bs‚. sdndcceóo kd ctdo{ls cwtd-

nds kd ds{d bt{lw. Flwhd Ntes Glwhds bol{b6

—Zennedws do ]bwàs rtdwàb fthbw clo dn clocd}{l

kd nb cwtdnkbk kd ehtbn `bodwb rtd Gbtkdnbewd

fthbgb clo dn `bn u dn }dcbkl/ Balwb. kdszdo{t-

wbkb`do{d. ols clolcd`ls kd`bsebkl }bwb

fthbw clo dnnls‚2/ B {wbzås kd nls {ed`}ls. Ze-

nnedws ab wdcegekl nb bk ewbceóo kd dscwe{lwds u

}ld{bs cl`l @bnnbw å. Jwbocd. @bd{dwneoci.

Gwd{óo. Nbjlwhtd. Kbwàl u dn es`l Glwhds.

do{wd l{wls/ Bse es l. st ekdbn kd cwtdnkbk abwdslobkl zbs{b`do{d do {lkb tob ne{dwb{twb }ls-

{dwelw. {doedokl cl`l dfd dn clocd}{l kdat`lw

odhwl/ Kd ds{d `lkl. ctdo{ls cl`l „Dn bsdseol

kd cesods‚. —Nb {lw{twb }lw nb ds}dwbovb‚. l

—Nls sdcwd{ls kd nb `ösecb bo{ehtb‚ böo }tdkdo

kdzlnzdwols nb kejtsb e bhdo kdn al`gwd rtd.

bhlgebkl }lw nb }lgwdvb. clocegeó bnhtob zdv nb

ekdb kd ntcwbw clo nb ndc{twb kd sts }ld`bs

edo{wbs dwb docdwwbkl do tob fbtnb wd}nd{b kd

{ehwds/

Z dwb ds dn ctdo{l `âs }l}tnbw kd Zennedws/

Ds{l rtevâ sd kdgb b nb jdnev bw loàb kd clofto-

{l rtd nlhwbo sts dnd`do{ls9 nb `dnboclnàb dqes-

{docebn kd nls b`bo{ds sd}bwbkls }lw nb `tdw{d.

{d`b }wdjdwekl }lw dn Wl`bo{eces`l. sd {wbktcddo nb gösrtdkb ekdbn kd tob odcdsekbk kd

{wbscdokdoceb/ Dn b`lw. cl`}wdokekl cl`l

clolce edo{l kdn ds}àwe{t. clolce edo{l kd sà.

kdsbjàb b nb `tdw{d/ ]tds dn b`lw abceb dn l{wl

closes{d do nb st}dwbceóo kd nb }dwslobnekbk

eokezektbn. ds{l ds kdn ul. dq}wdsbkl }lw nbs cb{d-

hlwàbs wbcelobnds kdn }dosb edo{l6 {ed`}l.

ds}bcel u cbtsbnekbk/ Do nb gösrtdkb ekdbn kd

ds{d b`lw. dn }ld{b st}dwb dn b}dhl b sà es l b

{wbzås kd tob clo{d`}nbceóo kdseo{dwdsbkb kd

nl b`bkl. u {wbosjlw bokl dn ndohtbfd nlhwb

wdclojehtwbw bke`doselobn`do{d dn lwkdo kdn

`tokl. cl`l nl dq}wdsb Hbs{lo Gbcadnbwk.

kecedokl6 —do nbs alwbs kd nls hwbokds abnnbvhls.

tob e bhdo }lå{ecb }tdkd sdw dn hdw do kd to`tokl. dn hdw do kd to toezdwsl e bheobkl

bo{d nbs doslòbcelods kd to }ld{b‚7/

Kdn es`l `lkl. nb ds{wtc{twb kesctwsezb

kdn }wl}el {dq{l obwwb{ezl. st clojehtwbceóo

eo{wb{dq{tbn. ols wd e{d eodrtàzlcb`do{d b nb

ds{wtc{twb kdn ctdo{l `âs l `dols cl`l nl

clocegd Dkhbw ]ld/ Ds{l ds. nb aes{lweb {edod

cl`l }to{l kd }bw{ekb to }nbo{db edo{l.

sdhtekl kd to cnà bq u to kdsdonbcd l

wdslntceóo/ Clojlw d b ds{d dsrtd`b. zd`ls

rtd ]ld. ol lgs{bo{d }nbo{dbw to adcal

{l`bkl }lw jbo{âs{ecl. kdsbwwlnnb tob }wl}tds{b

wbcelobn dq}necb{ezb. rtd kb ctdo{b kd nb

eo{wl eseóo kd adcals b}bwdo{d`do{d

slgwdob{twbnds do nb wdbnekbk jâc{ecb/ Zennedws.}lw st nbkl. }bw{d kd to }nbo{db edo{l l ae}ó-

{dses dq{wb{dq{tbn. rtd eoclw}lwb !hdodwbn do{d

b {wbzås kd tol l kls d}àhwbjds% b to dsrtd`b

2Zennedws kd N―Esnd Bkb`. Dn clozekbkl kd nbs ön{e`bs

jeds{bs. {wbk/ Flwhd Ntes Glwhds. Sewtdnb. 2511. }/ 27/

7H/ Gbcadnbwk. Nb }lå{ecb kd nb doslòbceóo. {wbk/ Ekb

Ze{bnd. JCD. @åqecl. 251:. }/ 2=/

1



Kebnåc{ecb kdn ds}bcel u nb doslòbceóo sdhöo Gbcadnbwkdo Zdwb kd Zennedws kd N―Esnd Bkb`

kesctwsezl `âs hwl{dscl rtd jbo{âs{ecl. }tds{l

rtd ol nd eo{dwdsb {bo{l obwwbw to adcal b}b-

wdo{d`do{d slgwdob{twbn. cl`l nlhwbw do dn ndc-

{lw to djdc{l kdsclocdw{bo{d kd eokd{dw eob-

ceóo zbnlwb{ezb. b zdcds kd {e}l lwbn/

Zennedws {wb{b. }lw `dkel kd to djdc{l hwl-

{dscl. }dod{wbw dn ds}bcel zbnlwb{ezl. nb clos{e{t-

ceóo kdn ul eokezektbn kdn ndc{lw rtd kd{dw eob

tob {l`b kd }ls{twb `lwbn bo{d kd{dw eobkls

adcals/ Se doclo{wb`ls dnd`do{ls jbo{âs{ecls

do nlsCtdo{ls cwtdnds. ds{ls sd abnnbo olw bn do-

{d sewzedokl cl`l zdaàctnl kd tob }wd{dokekbdwlseóo kd nb `do{d clocd}{tbn/ Nl cwtdn.

closes{d do nb clo{d`}nbceóo kd to kdzdoew

eokejdwdo{d b {lkb zbnlwbceóo å{ecb kdn al`gwd/

Tob clo{d`}nbceóo kd nb Ob{twbndvb/ [bo{l dn

gedo cl`l dn `bn sd kentudo do st }bs lsb

b`gehþdkbk. b {wbzås kd nb doslòbceóo. rtd ds

}lw kdjeoeceóo cwdb{ezb/

Bo{d nb `tdw{d. cl`l e }lsegenekbk kd

wdbnevbceóo. dn dostdòl }lå{ecl cwdb{ezl kdsbjàb

dn bgstwkl kds{wtc{ezl kd nl eoclholscegnd/ Bn

glwkd kd nb wdbnekbk. nb `tdw{d dq{edokd dn

es{dwel kd st es`b e }lsegenekbk. kd st }wl-

}eb clo{wbkecceóo. }tds dnnb es`b ol }tdkd

bglnew tob wdbnekbk rtd ds `ön{e}nd u kesclo{e-

otb/ Dn al`gwd. bo{d dn bgstwkl kd nb `tdw{d.sedo{d nb odcdsekbk kd abnnbw tob {wbscdokdoceb b

st djà dwb dqes{doceb. do ön{e l {åw eol. tob

odcdsekbk kd sdo{ekl/ Ndd`ls do Gbcadnbwk6

Nbs dqehdocebs kd otds{wb jtoceóo kd nl wdbn ols

lgnehbo b bkb}{bwols b nb wdbnekbk. b clos{e-

{tewols cl`l tob wdbnekbk. b jbgwecbw lgwbs

rtd slo wdbnekbkds/ ¼]dwl bcbsl nb doslòb-

ceóo. }lw st }wl}eb dsdoceb. ol ols negdwb kd

nb jtoceóo kd nl wdbn< Se nl closekdwb`ls do

st se }necekbk. zd`ls rtd ds dn {ds{e loel kd

tob jtoceóo kd nl ewwdbn . jtoceóo olw`bn. ö{en.

rtd }wdsdwzb bn }sertes`l at`bol. bn bwhdo

kd {lkbs nbs gwt{bnekbkds kd to ol-ul als{en.

kd to ol-ul bfdol/3

Kd ds{d `lkl. ndd`ls do dn d}àhwbjd b

Z dwb nb sdo{doceb6

—Nb jlw`b kdn ctdw}l nd ds `âs dsdocebn rtd

st sts{boceb‚/;

Dn ctdo{l }wl}eb`do{d kecal }tdkd nddwsd

cl`l to }wlnlohbkl cl`do{bwel b ds{b ce{b/

Sts e }necbcelods slo zbs{bs/ Ds sdòbnbkl rtd

nb sdo{doceb clwwds}lokd b nb J eselnlhàb @ lkdwob.

btortd ol sd ols `docelob st bt{lw. }wlgbgnd-

`do{d sd {wb{d kd to {dq{l kd Cnbtkd Gdwobwk.

dn nnb`bkl }bkwd kd nb jeselnlhàb `lkdwob/ Zennedws abcd tob kdnegdwbkb `bneo{dw}wd{bceóo

`d{bjàsecb. slgwd nls st}tds{ls bzbocds kd nb

cedoceb `lkdwob. {bn zdv clo dn }wl}óse{l kd

}bwlkebw b brtdnnls rtd bnhtob zdv sd b{wdzedwlo

b kdcew rtd hwbcebs b nls bzbocds kd nb cedoceb

jeselnóhecb dn sdw at`bol sdwàb bnhöo kàb eo`lw-

{bn/ Nb jeselnlhàb. b {wbzås kdn kdsctgwe edo{l kd

nb kejdwdocebceóo cdntnbw. abcd åojbses do nb wdnb-

ceóo jlw`b-jtoceóo. rtd kd{dw eob nb

ds}dcebnevbceóo lwhâoecb }wdkl eobo{d do nls

3Egekd`. }/ 71/

;Zennedws kd N―Esnd Bkb`. Ctdo{ls cwtdnds. {wbk/ @botdn

Hwbodnn. Ds}bsb-Cbn}d. @bkwek. s,b. }/ 23/

5




lwhboes`ls st}dwelwds/ Nb zekb. kd ds{d `lkl.

ds tob ctds{eóo kd jlw bs `âs rtd kd

—sts{bocebs‚. ub rtd do ön{e`l {åw`eol btortd

nb jlw b kd kes{eo{bs cåntnbs zbwàd kd bctdwkl

clo st jtoceóo. nb sts{boceb kd nb rtd ds{âo jlw-

bkbs {lkbs dnnbs ds do dsdoceb nb es b/

]bwb dn ekdbnes{b jb{bn rtd ds Zennedws. nls

st}tds{ls bzbocds kd nb cedoceb ol slo seol tob

clojew bceóo kdn ekdbnes`l `âs l `dols cl`l

nl clocdgàb Gdwidndu6 ol ds nb sts{boceb rtedo

kd{dw eob nbs }wl}edkbkds kd nls lgfd{ls kd nb

wdbnekbk. seol nb zbwebgenekbk clo rtd ds{b sts-{boceb sd tds{wb b nb wdbnekbk do{bn. do{dokekb

sdhöo Nlcid cl`l }dwcd}ceóo/ Jtdwb kd nb

jàsecb kdn sehnl QQ. nb `b{dweb ds stscd}{egnd kd

cwdbceóo l kds{wtcceóo. kd cb`gel }dw bodo{d/

]dwl ds{d cb`gel ds{â kd{dw eobkl }lw nb

}dwcd}ceóo bkrtewekb kdn lgfd{l. bsà ol ds {bo{l

nb kdhwbkbceóo l dn kds}nbvb edo{l kd bnhl nl

rtd sd ols wdzdnb do ån cl`l to cb`gel. seol nb

ekdb es`b rtd {dod`ls kd kecal lgfd{l cl`l

`boejds{bceóo kd nb olceóo kd cb`gel/ Kd ds{d

`lkl. cbkb lgfd{l kd nb wdbnekbk sd `boejeds{b b

otds{wb }dwcd}ceóo cl`l tob ekdb sts{bocebn kd

dsd cb`gel/ Do{locds. sónl dn cb`gel ds nl wdbn.

}tds ds nb clokeceóo gbfl nb ctbn sd `boejeds{b b

otds{wb }dwcd}ceóo dn `tokl cl`l tob sts{bo-ceb bccekdo{bn u kejdwdocebkb/

Ndd`ls6 —¢Dwb tob odhbceóo kd nb @tdw-

{d. bnvbkb bn jeo do tob }l{doceb kdsclolcekb"‐4

Nb `tdw{d. cl`l {wbosjlw bceóo kd nb

sts{boceb clw}lwbn. ds odhbkb cl`l kds{wtcceóo/

]tds{l rtd nb zekb es b do st lwehdo sd `boe-

jeds{b cl`l }dosbgnd. cl`l }wlktc{l kdn }dosb-

edo{l. u {l`bokl do ctdo{b bkd`âs rtd nb

`tdw{d ds }lw kdjeoeceóo e }dosbgnd. brtdnnl

rtd ds{â jtdwb kdn }dosb edo{l. nb dqes{doceb ds

do{wdhbkb b nb `do{d gbfl nb ekdb kd tob jlw`b

slgwd nb rtd sd bsedo{b dn cb`gel/ [lkl nl rtd

dqes{d ds }dwcegekl gbfl nbs jlw bs kdn {ed`}l u

ds}bcel/ —Sdw ds sdw }dwcegekl‚/ Nb ekdb kd

`tdw{d ol }tdkd sdw }dosbkb. }tds{l rtd ds{d}dosb edo{l ds{bwàb jtdwb kd nls nà e{ds kdn

es`l }dosb edo{l/ Bsà. nb `tdw{d closes{d do

dn cb`gel kd ds{bkl kd tob jlw b ctbnrtedwb/

Nb sts{boceb cbwbc{dwàs{ecb kd nb `tdw{d ds dn

lctn{b edo{l/ To kàb ds{bw. dsl ds nb zekb9 bn

l{wl kàb ol. dsl ds nb `tdw{d/ Dn kwb`b kd

Ab nd{ ol wbkecb do kdgb{ewsd slgwd dn sdw.

}tds{l rtd ds{d ds clos{bo{d d eozbwebgnd. seol

slgwd dn ds{bw !{l gd% rtd ds stfd{l kd cb`gel

}dw bodo{d/

Kecd bsà Zennedws6 —¢Nbs ekdbs slo cl`l

sdwds zezls"‚:/

Nb }wlktc{ezekbk cwdb{ezb kdn dostdòl u st }wl-

ktc{l. nb e bheobceóo. slo jtocelods kdn }dosb-

edo{l }dwcd}{ezl cb}bcds kd wdbnevbw bgs{wbc-ceóo slgwd nls dnd`do{ls kd nb wdbnekbk. negdwâo-

klnds kd nb dscnbze{tk kdn cb`gel/ Ds{b bgs{wbc-

ceóo sónl }tdkd sdw do{dokekb do {åw eols kd

4Zennedws kd N―Esnd Bkb`. Ctdo{ls cwtdnds. }/ 77/ :

Egekd`. }/ 7:/

2=



jlw b. kd baà }tds rtd }bwb dn ekdbnes`l u }bwb

Zennedws dn sl}lw{d ön{e l kd nb wdbnekbk. kdn

ctdw}l cl`l dqes{doceb. sdb }wdcesb`do{d nb

jlw b u ol nb sts{boceb. u }tds{l rtd {lkl nl

rtd dqes{d }tdkd sdw }dosbkl u dqes{d }lw sdw

}dosbkl. dn }dosb edo{l }tdkd {wbdw b nb dqes-

{doceb ctbnrtedw jlw b rtd sdb cb}bv kd e bhe-

obw/ Do l{wbs }bnbgwbs. Gbcadnbwk cl`do{b6

Nb doslòbceóo ds tob bc{ezekbk }sàrtecb

`boejeds{b/ ]wl}lwcelob klct`do{ls slgwd

kejdwdocebs do nb {lobnekbk kdn sdw/ Y…P dn sdw kdn

slòbklw eozbkd nl rtd {lcb. kejtsl do dn`tokl/ Nb e bheobceóo kdsclolcd dn ol-sdw/

Y…P Dn al`gwd kd nb doslòbceóo zezd sed`-

}wd do dn ds}bcel kd to zlnt`do/ Abge{bokl

zdwkbkdwb`do{d {lkl dn zlnt`do kd st ds}b-

cel. dn al`gwd kd nb doslòbceóo ds{â do st

`tokl }lw {lkbs }bw{ds. do to kdo{wl rtd ol

{edod jtdwb/ ]lw bnhl sd kecd clwwedo{d`do{d

rtd dn slòbklw ds{â atokekl do st doslòbceóo/

Dn `tokl ub ol ds{â dojwdo{bkl b ån/ Dn ul

ol sd l}lod âs bn tokl/ Do nb doslòbceóo

ol abu ol-ul/ Do nb doslòbceóo dn ol cbwdcd

kd jtoceóo6 {lkl ds bclhekb/ 8

Nb cbsb. e bhdo kdn toezdwsl. ds dn ds}bcel klo-

kd sd stcdkdo nbs {wbosjlw bcelods bnrtà ecbs/

Nb cbsb ds bn }nbol `b{dwebn nl rtd dn toezdwsl bn

}nbol ds}ewe{tbn/ Dn lwkdo eojdwelw ds to wdjndfl

kdn lwkdo st}dwelw/ Do Z dwb. dn al{dn sdòlwebn ds

dn â`ge{l kdn b`lw do{wd nls }wl{bhloes{bs.

sedokl ds{d b`lw to wdjndfl zesegnd kd tob

bw loàb cós ecb st}dwelw/ B {wbzås kd ds{b

bw loàb nls b`bo{ds wdclojehtwbo u kdne e{bo dn

lwkdo toezdwsbn do st cl`}wdoseóo. cl`l

toekbk kd sdo{ekl/ Zdwb. böo ctbokl jbnndcd do

st abge{bceóo. otocb }wljbob dn ds}bcel kd nb

cbsb. }tds do st gwdzd bhloàb wdcabvb ol gwbw

l kdcew bnhtob }bnbgwb slgwd nb `tdw{d/ Zdwb

`tdwd do sendocel. }bwb }dwktwbw do dn sendocel/

]bwb {wbscdokdwnl/ Nb wdbnekbk kd st tdw{d sónl

sd }wdsdo{b bn dq{dwelw kd nb cbsb. do dn jtodwbn

jb enebw u dn ds}bcel cdwwbkl kd st cwe}{b. kd`lkl rtd ds{b `tdw{d sd }wdsdo{d öoecb`do{d

cl`l sts{boceb }bwb nb }dwcd}ceóo kd st b`bo-

{d/ Bo{ds kd cl`}wdokdw ds{l. dn clokd k‑B{aln

bwwlfb nb nnbzd kd nb cwe}{b bn eo{dwelw kd nb

es`b. clo nb eo{teceóo jbo{bs`bn kd lnzekbw dn

ctdw}l kd st b`bkb do {bo{l sts{boceb6 Do

}bnbgwbs kd Gbcadnbwk6 —Nb cbsb bkrtedwd nbs

dodwhàbs jàsecbs u `lwbnds kd to ctdw}l at`b-

ol/ Y…P Ds to eos{wt`do{l }bwb bjwlo{bw dn

cls`ls‚1/

Kd wdhwdsl bn ds}bcel kdn alhbw. k‑B{aln

sd st dwhd do dn dostdòl kd nb btsdoceb jöod-

gwd ktwbo{d `dkel kàb. b}bwdo{d`do{d. ub rtd dn

wdnlf kd nb abge{bceóo sd ab kd{doekl }lw nb

bòbob u ol sdwâ seol abs{b kds}tås kd to bòl.{ed`}l rtd ktwd nb wdstwwdcceóo kd Zdwb. rtd

ztdnzb b }lodwsd do `bwcab/ Bn bolcadcdw st

}nbo ab bktwbkl6 ¢{wbdwâ b nb tfdw b bkb kd 8

H/ Gbcadnbwk. Nb }lå{ecb kd nb doslòbceóo.

}}/ 747- 743/

1H/ Gbcadnbwk. Nb }lå{ecb kdn ds}bcel. {wbk/ D/ kd

Cab`gltwceo. JCD. @åqecl. 7=2=/


22




ztdn{b b nb dqes{doceb clo nb jtdwvb }twb kd st

e bheobceóo" ]tds{l rtd ab clolcekl u

wdctdwkb st jlw`b. u ås{b nl ab abge{bkl u zezekl

do ån. b sd dfbovb do dscbnb kd tob cbsb/ Nb

bcd}{bceóo kdn ctdw}l `b{dwebn cl`l entseóo.

öoecl jbo{bs`b wdbn }lw sed`}wd. }dw e{d b

k‑B{aln jtokewsd e`bheobweb`do{d clo nb jlw`b

kd Zdwb kec{bkb }lw st dostdòl. cl`l bwht-

`do{b Gbcadnbwk6

Nb doslòbceóo cós ecb ds to jdoó`dol kd nb

slndkbk. to jdoó`dol rtd {edod st wbàv do dn

bn b kdn slòbklw/ Ol odcdse{b to kdsedw{l}bwb ds{bgndcdwsd u cwdcdw Y…P Nbs doslòbcel-

ods cós ecbs ols b}bw{bo kd nbs doslòbcelods

kd }wludc{ls/ Ols se{öbo do to `tokl u ol

do tob slcedkbk/ Tob ds}dced kd ds{bgenekbk.

kd {wbortenekbk. ds b{wegt{l kd nb doslòbceóo

cós ecb/ Ols butkb b dscb}bw bn {ed }l/ Ds

to ds{bkl/ Zbub ls bn jlokl kd st dsdoceb6 ds

to ds{bkl kdn bn b/5

Do }bnbgwbs kd Zennedws6 —k‑ B{aln zezàb do

klgnd. ent`eobkl Y…P‚/2=

Dn clokd k‑B{aln doctdo{wb do dn ds}bcel

cdwwbkl kd st cbsb to nthbw }wl}ecel }bwb dn

dostdòl kd st b`bkb/ Dose es bkl }lw st

jbo{bsàb. kdsctgwd do ds{d ds}bcel nb eo`dosekbk

kdn toezdwsl eo{dwol. kd st }wl}el sdw. do dn rtd

Zdwb abge{b cl`l tob }wdsdoceb ekdbn/ Nlslgfd{ls rtd jtdwlo }wl}edkbk kd nb b`bkb

jtocelobo cl`l zdaàctnl kd clo{bc{l do{wd nbs

ke doselods eo{dwob u dq{dwob/ Nls eodjbgnds u

}wlnlohbkls }dosb edo{ls rtd ds{ls lgfd{ls

cbtsbgbo do st ktdòb. `bo{edodo bgedw{bs nbs

}tdw{bs kdn dostdòl. e }ekedokl rtd nb `tdw{d

dq{edokb }lw cl`}nd{l st zdnl cl`l lctn{b-

edo{l slgwd nb sts{boceb clwwt}{b kdn ctdw}l/

Kecd6 —U do{locds bkzew{edwlo rtd ol dwbo. wdbn-

`do{d. âs rtdtol slnl‐ /22

Bsà. ndd`ls do kls kewdccelods nb —kezesb

kd Zdwb‚. dn `dosbfd hwbgbkl do sts vb}b{ennbs6

Rtedo zd b Zdwb nb b`b !Rte zdwwb Zåwb n―be`dwb%.

}lw to nbkl nb jlw b rtd ds dn lgfd{l kdn zdw.

}dwl {b`geåo do sdo{ekl eozdwsl6 dn b`lw ds tobzeseóo }wezendhebkb. ol do dn sdo{ekl kd to zdw

sts{bocebn. seol kd nb }dwcd}ceóo kd brtdnnl rtd

ds eozesegnd b nb zes{b jàsecb/ Kd bctdwkl clo nb

eo{dw}wd{bceóo ekdbnes{b kd Zennedws do{locds. se

ad`ls b`bkl wdbn do{d bnhl l bnhtedo. }lkwd-

`ls zlnzdw b zdwnl do kd{dw eobkl `l`do{l.

böo `âs bnnâ kd nl rtd nnb`b`ls `tdw{d/ Bsà nb

jwbsd6 —Rtedo zd b Zdwb nb b`b‚. sd {wbosjlw`b

do6 —Rtedo b`b b Zdwb. nb zd‚/ Kdn `es`l

`lkl. Gbcadnbwk b}to{b6 —Do dn bn`b

kes{dokekb rtd `dke{b u rtd stdòb. tob eo`do-

sekbk }bwdcd ds}dwbw b nbs e âhdods kd nb eo do-

sekbk/ Dn ds}àwe{t zd u wdzå lgfd{ls/ Dn bn b do-

ctdo{wb do to lgfd{l dn oekl kd st eo`dose-

kbk‚27. bsà cl`l6 —B `dotkl nb doslòbceóo zb

b gtscbw b otds{wl klgnd do bnhtob }bw{d dq{wb-

òb. ndfls kd brtà/ @âs b `dotkl böo. do to }b-

sbkl }bwb sed`}wd kdsb}bwdcekl‚23/

5Ekd`/

2= Zennedws kd N―Esnd Bkb`. Ctdo{ls cwtdnds. }/ 77/

22Egekd`. }/ 78/

27H/ Gbcadnbwk. Nb }lå{ecb kdn ds}bcel. }/ 771/

23H/ Gbcadnbwk. ]lå{ecb kd nb doslòbceóo. }/ 27;/

27



U jeobn do{d6

Ol {edod obkb kd bsl`gwlsl do{locds rtd do

nb doslòbceóo slne{bweb ols clolvcb`ls b nb

zdv do `bsctneol u do jd`doeol/ Nb doslòb-

ceóo rtd zezd dn jt{twl kd tob }bseóo ekdbnevbdn lgfd{l kd dsb }bseóo/ Dn sdw jd`doeol ekdbn

b{edokd bn slòbklw b}bselobkl/ Nb slòbklwb

stsce{b nbs kdcnbwbcelods kd to al`gwd ekdbne-

vbkl/ Y…P Ds{b doslòbceóo ekdbnevbklwb ds

tob wdbnekbk }sàrtecb eoodhbgnd/ Nb doslòb-

ceóo ekdbnevb b nb zdv b st lgfd{l u bn slòbklw/

U ctbokl nb doslòbceóo zezd do tob ktbnekbk

kd nl `bsctneol u kd nl jd`doeol. nb ekdbnevb-ceóo ds b nb zdv clocwd{b u seo nà e{d/

]bwb clocntew. do Z dwb lgsdwzb`ls tob

ds{wtc{twb eo{dw{dq{tbn rtd bntkd }lw tob }bw{d.

bn clocd}{l es`l kd Z dwkbk. l zdwe{bs. b {wbzås

kdn clo{wb}to{l do{wd to kesctwsl jenlsójecl

`b{dwebnes{b u st l}tds{l ekdbnes{b/ Dn d}àhwbjd bn

ctdo{l clos{e{tud dn `d{b{dq{l wbcelobn. do

{bo{l rtd dn ctdo{l }wl}eb`do{d kecal sts{do{b

nb ae}ó{dses ekdbnes{b/ Z dwb. do{wd dn kesctwsl

ds{å{ecl wl`âo{ecl u dn kesctwsl se glnes{b.

gbtkdnbwebol. jtocelob cl`l tob }bwlkeb

hwl{dscb kd nb ds{åwen kes}t{b do{wd b`gbs

{dokdocebs jenlsójecbs/ Kd bctdwkl clo dn

`l`do{l aes{ówecl do rtd sd eosdw{b dn {dq{l. ds

}lsegnd bjew bw rtd. cl`l kecd Flwhd Ntes

Glwhds bcdwcb kdn clocd}{l }lå{ecl kd cwtdnkbk.

Zennedws kdscwegd nb se{tbceóo ctn{twbn e }dwbo{d

do dn ]bwàs kd brtdn do{locds. kdn `lkl do rtd

Gbtkdnbewd aevl nl }wl}el clo dn `bn/ Nb }lå{ecb

hwl{dscb do Z dwb lgdkdcd b tob keslntceóo kdn

clocd}{l kd zdwkbk. do tob å}lcb do rtd ub

cl`dovbgb b `boejds{bwsd slcebn do{d nb wdnb{e-

zekbk rtd do {lkb å}lcb abo htbwkbkl nls clo-

cd}{ls ekdbnds. cl`l dn b`lw. nb negdw{bk l nb

gdnndvb. öoecb`do{d b}wdcebgnds b {wbzås kdn

dfdwcecel kdn bw{d. do{dokekl cl`l doslòbceóo/

Nls }dwslobfds kd Zennedws cl`öo`do{d {wbose-{bo do{wd dn ds}bcel kd kdslwkdo kd nb wdbnekbk.

}bsbokl }lw tob `l`do{âodb doslòbceóo

}lå{ecb rtd lwkdob dn cbls ob{twbn kdn `tokl

do tob wdctwwdoceb kd sdo{ekl/ Nls ctdo{ls kd

Zennedws slo cwtdnds. }lwrtd wd{wb{bo dn

`l`do{l nöcekl kd ds{d {wbocd }sàrtecl. }dwl

ols eocb}bce{bo cl`l ndc{lwds }bwb {l`bw tob

}ls{twb ekdlnóhecb wds}dc{l b nb bc{tbceóo kdsts sdwds/ Ol }lkd`ls sbnzbwnls l eo{dwjdwew do

dn }wlcdsl kd st clokdob/ Kd adcal. dn wdclwwe-

kl obwwb{ezl kd `tcals kd ds{ls }dwslobfds

ds{â eosdw{l do nls es`ls adcals kd nb wdbne-

kbk. kd `lkl rtd wdstn{b kejàcen. se ol lcelsl.

kd{dodwsd b closekdwbwnls do st bs}dc{l

jbo{âs{ecl/ ]bwb Zennedws. nb cwtdnkbk kdn `tokl

wbkecb do st wdbnekbk cl`l b}bwedoceb/ Do nbzdwkbk kd st entseóo/ ]tds{l rtd ol rtdkb `âs

wd`dkel rtd zezew dohbòbkls do jlw b

closcedo{d. otds{wl `tokl ol htbwkb ub ds}b-

cel oe sertedwb }bwb nb jbo{bsàb/ ]bwb wdst ew nb

ekdb hnlgbn kdn ctdo{l. zbnhbo ds{bs }bnbgwbs

cdo{wbnds kdn ekdbnes`l jbo{âs{ecl kd Zennedws kd

N‑Esnd do Zdwb6 —Nb @tdw{d ol ds `âs rtd tob

cewctos{boceb kdjeoe{ezb }bwb rtedods ds}dwbo dncednl9 }dwl. nb @tdw{d. dn Cednl u nb Zekb. ¼rtå

dwbo }bwb dnnb seol sts gdsls<‚24/

24Zennedws kd N―Esnd Bkb`. Ctdo{ls cwtdnds. }/ 7:/


23



]lw Sdwdob [lwwds ]dwbn{b

Dn èdkl u nb `tdw{d do „Dn bn`labkóo kd

}nt`b‐ u „Dn kdsedw{l‐ kd Alwbcel Rtewlhb

Alwbcel Rtewlhb jtd to dscwe-{lw twthtbul rtd obceó do

2181 u {dwèoó sts kàbs do

2538/ Ctn{ezó }weoce}bn`do{d

dn håodwl obwwb{ezl u ds wdclolcekl }lw sdw tol

kd nls }we dwls ctdo{es{bs do Nb{eolb`åwecb/ St

lgwb sd se{öb do `dkel kd nb {wboseceóo do{wd dn

bhloevbo{d Wl`bo{eces`l u nls bnglwds kdn @l-kdwoes l. kd `bodwb rtd sd doctdo{wbo do dnnb

dnd`do{ls kd b`gbs clwwedo{ds/ Bkl}{b cl`l

`bds{wl. }weoce}bn do{d. b Dkhbw Bnnbo ]ld. se

gedo ån wdclolcd b l{wls dscwe{lwds cl`l `lkd-

nls b sdhtew. ol cbgd ktkb kd rtd sdwâ ]ld nb

`bulw eojntdoceb do nb lgwb kd Rtewlhb2/

Nb dzlntceóo kd Alwbcel Rtewlhb cl`l

obwwbklw ol ds jâcen kd sd}bwbw kd st gelhwbjàb.se gedo sd kdgd jbzlwdcdw bn {dq{l }lw nbs ctbne-

kbkds rtd bngdwhb. do dn twthtbul ds eodze{bgnd

lgsdwzbw {lkbs nbs `tdw{ds bnwdkdklw kd ån u ol

wdnbcelobwnbs clo nls dnd`do{ls wdctwwdo{ds b

nls ctbnds bctkd dn dscwe{lw/ L{wl bclo{dce edo-

{l ds dn zebfd b @eselods rtd ab kdfbkl sts ds{wb-

hls do st ctdo{às{ecb. klokd sd }lkwàb wdctwwew b

tob cnbsejecbceóo ol {bo cl`}ndfb6 to bo{ds kd nbsdnzb u to kds}tås/

B }bw{ew kd ds{b kezeseóo }bw{ewâ dn }wdsdo-

{d ds{tkel kd cbwâc{dw cl`}bwb{às{ecl slgwd kls

ctdo{ls kd Rtewlhb6 —Dn bn`labkóo kd }nt-

`b‚ !25=8%. }dw{dodcedo{d b st }wlktcceóo bo-

{ds kd nb sdnzb. u —Dn kdsedw{l‚ !2573%. kd nls

{dq{ls stwhekls kds}tås kdn zebfd b @eselods9 nbwdnbceóo do{wd kecals ctdo{ls lgdkdcdo bn }we-

`dw `lkdnl kd st}wbobcelobnekbk7. }tds. b }d-

sbw kd abgdw sekl dscwe{ls do }dwelkls kes{eo{ls

do nb zekb kdn bt{lw. nb {d`â{ecb u dn {wb{b edo{l

ol kejedwd `tcal kd to ctdo{l b l{wl/

Do {bo{l dn `å{lkl t{enevbkl sdwâ dn {d-

`b{lnóhecl. bn sdw dn }to{l kd clozdwhdoceb do-

{wd ds{ls ctdo{ls. fts{b`do{d. dn {d`b kd nb

2Ds{b bjew`bceóo sd kdwezb kd nbs }we`dwbs dq}dwedocebs

kd Rtewlhb cl`l dscwe{lw. klokd wdsbn{b „Dn cwe`do kdn

l{wl‐ clo tob cnbwb wdjdwdoceb b nls ctdo{ls kd ]ld.

bkd`âs kd st }we`dw }wdcd}{l6 „Cwdd do to `bds{wl –

]ld. @bt}bssbo{. Ie}neoh. Cadflz- cl`l do Kels ès-

`l/‐ Alwbcel Rtewlhb. „Kdcânlhl kdn }dwjdc{l ctdo{es-

{b‐ do [lkls nls ctdo{ls. 7¦ dk/. BNNCB QQ.

!Bwcaezls67:%. 255:. }/ 225;/

7 Kdo{wl kd nb Ne{dwb{twb Cl`}bwbkb dqes{do. }weoce}bn-

`do{d. {wds `lkdnls kd st}wbobcelobnekbk. ds kdcew.

{wds `lkdnls do nls rtd sd }tdkd gbsbw dn ds{tkel do-

{wd kls }wlktccelods bw{às{ecbs clo kes{eo{b obcelobne-

kbk do{wd dnnbs/ Dn }we`dw `lkdnl dohnlgb nls jdoó`d-

ols rtd `bo{dohbo tob wdnbceóo do sts lwàhdods. ub

sdb do{wd nls bt{lwds l do{wd ekdlnlhàbs/ Seo d`gbwhl.

ds zânekl wd{l`bw kecal `lkdnl. }dsd b rtd sd abhb

wdjdwdoceb bn ès`l bt{lw. }tds nbs lgwbs cl`}bw{do

to ès`l lwehdo/ Dn sdhtokl `lkdnl bgbwcb nls jdoó-

`dols rtd abo {doekl to lwehdo eokd}dokedo{d do{wd

sà l abo }dw{dodcekl b kejdwdo{ds cezenevbcelods. sed`-

}wd u ctbokl nbs clokecelods aes{ówecbs u slcebnds sdbo

cl`tods do{wd nbs }wlktccelods bw{às{ecbs/ ]lw ön{e`l.

dn {dwcdw `lkdnl ds d`}ndbkl do jdoó`dols cl`}nd-

{b`do{d eokd}dokedo{ds/ Cj / Cnbtkel Htennåo. „[wds

`lkdnls kd st}wbobcelobnekbk‐ do Do{wd nl tol u nl

kezdwsl/ Eo{wlktcceóo b nb ne{dwb{twb cl`}bwbkb . Cwà{e-

cb. Gbwcdnlob. 2514. }}/ 53-272/

2;



`tdw{d u kdn edkl wdctwwdo{ds do nb lgwb kd

Rtewlhb/

Nb `tdw{d sed`}wd ab wd}wdsdo{bkl }bwb

dn sdw at`bol tob eocóhoe{b/ Nb eocdw{ekt`gwd

kd ol sbgdw dqbc{b`do{d rtå lctwwd do dn

}wdcesl eos{bo{d kd nb bhloàb u kds}tås kdn

ön{e l sl}nl. }wlzlcb dsd edkl ol sónl bo{d

nl kdsclolcekl. seol {b`geåo }lw nl rtd stcd-

kdwâ clo rtedods }dw bodcdo/ Ds }lw ds{l rtd

dn al`gwd `tds{wb. sdhöo Jwdtk. —Y…P tob

}b{do{d eocneobceóo b }wdsceokew kd nb `tdw{d. b

dneèobwnb kd nb zekb‚3. kd `bodwb rtd ås{b ol

dqes{d do nb clocedoceb kd nbs }dwslobs abs{b dn

`l`do{l do dn rtd nndhtd eo{d`}ds{ezb`do{d/

Ol }tdkd sdw kd l{wb jlw b. bn dndhew

eholwbw nb dqes{doceb kd nb `tdw{d. ås{b nndhbwâ

clo hwbo slw}wdsb u clo`lcelobokl b {lkl

brtån rtd nb }wdsdoced/ Bn odhbwnb. dn al`gwd

bst`d. kd to eos{bo{d b l{wl. {bn doctdo{wl

eodze{bgnd. ub sdb cl`l dn `lwegtokl l cl`l dn

lgsdwzbklw e }lsegene{bkl kd abcdw bnhl bn

wds}dc{l/

Do {bo{l. dn edkl sdhöo Bhods Adnndw ds

—Y…P tol kd nls bjdc{ls `âs dq}wdsezls Y…P

cbwbc{dwàs{ecb kd nb ds}dced do hdodwbn. }dwl dn

sdo{e edo{l !dn ds{à tnl% zedod sed`}wd kbkl

slcebn`do{d‚;/ Bsà. ctbokl dn al`gwd sd}dwcb{ó kd ds{d {wbocd kd nb zekb b nb ol-zekb u

kdn es{dwel docdwwbkl do ds{l. cl`dovó b

stwhew dn edkl }lw nl rtd zdokwâ u ol clolcd-

`ls/ Kdskd l{wl }to{l kd zes{b. }dwl ol

bndfbkl kd nl ub dq}tds{l. wd{l`bkl kd Bwes{ó-

{dnds. sd `docelob rtd —ol sd {d`do {lkls nls

`bnds seol slnb`do{d brtdnnls rtd }tdkdo

}wlktcew hwbokds klnlwds u kds{wtccelods d

eocntsl ås{ls sónl do dn cbsl kd ol sdw `tu

ndfbols. seol rtd b}bwdvcbo cl`l eo`dkeb{ls d

eo eodo{ds4‚/

Do nls ctdo{ls kd Rtewlhb lctwwd nl

ce{bkl }lw dn jenósljl hwedhl. }tds ctbokl dn

}dwslobfd ub sbgd rtd `lwewâ l rtedods nlwlkdbo eo{tudo dn jb{àkecl jeobn. dn edkl nb{do{d

sd kdsctgwd u d gbwhb dn b gedo{d bo{d {bn

cdwcboàb/

Dqes{d do{locds to edkl do {wds

`l`do{ls kejdwdo{ds. dn }we dwl lctwwd bo{ds

kd rtd nb `tdw{d sd abhb }wdsdo{d. }lw nb es b

eocdw{ekt`gwd kd ol sbgdw ctâokl u có`l

}bsbwâ9 dn sdhtokl stcdkd do dn }wdcesl eos{bo{ddo dn rtd nb }dwslob dq}ewb9 jeobn do{d ds }lw dn

kds}tås. }lw nb clo{eotbceóo kd nb zekb seo dsb

}dwslob u }lw dn kdsb`}bwl do dn rtd ab kdfbkl

b {lkls nls rtd }dw bodcdo/ Do —Dn bn`l-

abkóo kd }nt`b‚ u —Dn kdsedw{l‚ sd doctdo{wbo

ds{ls {wds `l`do{ls. seo d`gbwhl. tob kd nbs

kejdwdocebs do{wd dnnls ds dn djdc{l rtd }wlktcdo

do dn ndc{lw. drte}bwbgnd bn edkl u bohts{eb kd

nls }dwslobfds9 }dwl cbkb ctdo{l e }bc{b kd

kes{eo{bs jlw bs. }dsd b rtd cl`}bw{do cedw{ls

wbshls ds{enàs{ecls/3Seh`tok Jwdtk. Dn `bnds{bw do nb ctn{twb. Bnebovb.

@åqecl. 2515. }/ 222/ ;

Bhods Adnndw. [dlwàb kd nls sdo{eèdo{ls. 3¦ dk/. Jlo{b-

`bwb. @åqecl. 2553. }}/ 2=7 – 2=3/

4Oeclnb Bggbhobol. Keccelobwel kd jenlsljàb. JCD.

@åqecl. 258;. }/ 385/

Dn èdkl u nb `tdw{d do „Dn bn`labkóo kd }nt`b‐u „Dn kdsedw{l‐ kd Alwbcel Rtewlhb

24




Nb {wb`b kd —Dn bn`labkóo kd }nt`b‚ ds

dn kd tob }bwdfb klokd nb `tfdw. Bneceb. dojdw b

u zb d`}dlwbokl abs{b `lwew/ Flwkâo. dn `bwe-

kl. kb `tds{wbs kdn klnlw u nb bohts{eb }lw zdw b

st ds}lsb bhloevbo{d. }dsd b rtd ol st}l

dq}wdsbwnd bgedw{b`do{d st cbweòl/ [dw eobkls

nls kàbs kd Bneceb. nb sewzedo{b u ån kdsctgwdo

kdo{wl kd nb bn labkb rtd dnnb tsbgb to âcbwl

hehbo{d. ctn}bgnd kd nb }åwkekb kd nb b`bkb/

Nb aes{lweb kd —Dn kdsedw{l‚ lctwwd do nb

sdnzb. ol do tob vlob twgbob cl`l dn ctdo{l

bo{dwelw/ Nb jb eneb rtd zezd do ds{bs ndfboàbsds{â clojlw bkb }lw Stgdwcbsbtq u sts kls

aefls6 tob oeòb kd sdes bòls u to oeòl kd ceocl/

Nb `bkwd ub ab `tdw{l. kd `bodwb rtd dn }bkwd

sd nbs ab {doekl rtd bwwdhnbw }bwb dktcbw u

ctekbw b nls }drtdòls/ ]dwl kd {lkls nls }dne-

hwls rtd bgtokbo do nb sdnzb. sdwâ tob }tnhb nb

rtd nl b}bw{d kdjeoe{ezb`do{d kd sts }drtdòls.

rtedods sd rtdkbwâo b st stdw{d do nbs }wljtoke-

kbkds kdn lnzekl/

B`gls ctdo{ls sehtdo dn `lkdnl. l }lw

nl `dols nls }to{ls jtokb`do{bnds. kdn

—Kdcânlhl kdn }dwjdc{l ctdo{às{ecb‚ kd Rtewl-

hb/ Dn oö`dwl ceocl `docelob6 —Do to ctdo{l

gedo nlhwbkl. nbs {wds }we dwbs nàodbs {edodo cbse

nb e`}lw{boceb kd nbs {wds ön{e`b‚:/

—Dn bn`labkóo…‚ eoeceb bsà6 —St ntob kd

`edn jtd to nbwhl dscbnljwàl‚8. ds{b }we dwb

lwbceóo `l{ezb bn ndc{lw b sdhtew ndudokl }lw nb

l}lseceóo kd nls sehoejecbkls. }tds do tob ntob

kd edn ol abu do{wbkb bn dscbnljwàl. }wlzlcbkl

}lw bnhöo bclo{dce edo{l kdsbhwbkbgnd/ Kd ds{b

}we dwb nàodb sd kds}wdokd dn }to{l oö`dwl

sdes6 —Se rtedwds dq}wdsbw clo dqbc{e{tk ds{bs

cewctos{bocebs6 ‘Kdskd dn wàl sl}nbgb dn zedo{l

jwàl‑. ol abu do ndohtb at`bob `âs }bnbgwbs

rtd nbs b}to{bkbs }bwb dq}wdsbwnl‚19 dn ndohtbfd

ct`}nd dn cl`d{ekl bo{ds dq}tds{l. }tds ol

abu }bnbgwbs kd `âs do ds{d ctdo{l. ds clocwd{l

u dn we{ l sd `bo{edod abs{b dn kdsdonbcdzdw{eheolsl/

Dn eoecel kd —Dn kdsedw{l‚ ds dn sehtedo{d6

—Nb cbolb sd kdsnevbgb cls{dbokl dn glsrtd. l

nl rtd }lkàb }bwdcdw glsrtd do brtdnnb lsctwe-

kbk‚5/ Bn ehtbn rtd do dn l{wl ctdo{l. ds{bs

}we dwbs }bnbgwbs kdfbo to ds}bcel eokd{dw e-

obkl klokd sd kdsdb sbgdw âs. dn }lwrtå tob

cbolb {doàb rtd obzdhbw b nbs lwennbs kdn glsrtd

u kd olcad/ Seo d`gbwhl. cl`l sd `doceloó do

to }weoce}el. ds{d ctdo{l bn ds{bw eojntekl }lw

nbs zezdocebs kdn es`l Rtewlhb do nb sdnzb kd

@eselods. bnbwhb nb dq}necbceóo }we dwb9 clo

ds{l ol }edwkd nb clocwdceóo sdòbnbkb bn jeobn

kdn }âwwbjl bo{dwelw. }tds bn tgecbwsd ds{b {wb`b

do to se{el kdsclolcekl }bwb hwbo }bw{d kd nbs}dwslob. cbkb tob kd nbs kdscwe}celods nd kb tob

ekdb bn ndc{lw slgwd nbs cewctos{bocebs {bo cl -

}necbkbs do nbs rtd zezd Stgdwcbsbtq u sts aefls/ :

Alwbcel Rtewlhb. „Kdcânlhl kdn }dwjdc{l ctdo{es{b‐ do

[lkls nls ctdo{ls. l}/ ce{/. }/ 225;/ 8

Alwbcel Rtewlhb. Ctdo{ls. 5¦ dk/. Bnebovb. @bkwek.

7==4. }/27;/

1Alwbcel Rtewlhb. „Kdcânlhl…‐. l}/ ce{/. }/ 225;/

5Alwbcel Rtewlhb. Ctdo{ls. l}/ ce{/. }/ 773/

2:



Dn }we dw `l`do{l do dn rtd stwhd dn ed-

kl do nls }dwslobfds. b}bwdcd {b`geåo dn edkl

}lw dn }lwzdoew9 Flwkâo {d`d rtd Bneceb `tdwb.

}dsd b rtd ån ds to al`gwd jwàl u }bwdcd ol

eo`t{bwsd }lw nl rtd stcdkd/ Sts }nbods jt{twlsol sd clolcdo. }dwl kdgeó {dodw bnhtol rtd nd

cbtsb jwts{wbceóo u `lnds{eb clo nls `åkecls.

rtedods ol }tdkdo abcdw ub obkb }lw st `tfdw.

u clo st }wl}eb ds}lsb. b rtedo sd nd lctwwd

`lwew b {bo }lcbs sd`bobs kds}tås kdn `b{we-

`loel6 —‛ ¢Sónl dsl `d jbn{bgb" ‛ wdsl}nó

Flwkâo/ U {b`glwendó gwtscb`do{d slgwd nb

`dsb‚2=/

Rtedods stjwdo tob bhloàb slo nb sewzedo{b

u Flwkâo es`l. se gedo nbs bntceobcelods kd

Bneceb nb st edwlo do dn {dwwlw do sts ön{e ls

kàbs22. slo dnnls nls rtd lgsdwzbo seo }lkdw

dze{bw dn jb{bn kdsdonbcd u seo sbgdw. b cedoceb

cedw{b. rtå ds nl rtd nd lctwwd/

Ctbokl dn âcbwl. ctn}bgnd kd nb `tdw{d kd

Bneceb. abcd st b}bweceóo. nb slw}wdsb kd nls sl-

gwdzezedo{ds ds gbs{bo{d. }tds dn {b`bòl eotstbn

kdn boe`bnennl wbub do nl hwl{dscl6 —slgwd dn

jlokl. do{wd nbs }nt`bs. `lzeåoklsd ndo{b`do-

{d nbs }b{bs zdnntkbs. abgàb to boe bn los{wtl-

sl. tob glnb zezedo{d u zesclsb/ Ds{bgb {bo aeo-

cabkl rtd b}dobs sd nd }wlotocebgb nb glcb‚27/

Ds{d stcdsl eosóne{l sd }lkwàb cb{bnlhbw. kdo{wl

kd nb dscbnb kd [lklwlz. cl`l }bw{d kd nls

bclo{dce edo{ls dq{wbòls6

Bn jeobnevbw nb aes{lweb. dn ndc{lw. se dn }dwslob-

fd ol nl ab adcal. {l`b seo d`gbwhl tob

kdceseóo6 l}{b }lw tob t l{wb slntceóo. sbnedo-

kl bsà kd nl jbo{âs{ecl/ Se kdcekd rtd nbs nduds

kd nb wdbnekbk rtdkbo eo{bc{bs u }dw e{d dq}ne-

cbw nls jdoó`dols kdscwe{ls. kdce ls rtd nb

lgwb }dw{dodcd b l{wl håodwl Ykes{eo{l kdn

jbo{âs{eclP6 nl dq{wbòl/23

—Dn bn`labkóo kd }nt`b‚ kes{b `tcal kd nl

`bwbzennlsl. }lwrtd dn bsto{l kdn âcbwl ol {edod

l{wb dq}necbceóo rtd wdgbsd nbs nduds wdbnds kd nb

ob{twbndvb. ds kdcew. ol }dw{dodcd b l{wl ses{d`b

gbfl dn ctbn jtocelod/ Bn sbgdw {lkl ds{l. sd

wdsbn{b rtd ds dn }wl}el Rtewlhb rtedo fts{ejecb

nb }lsegenekbk kd rtd to âcbwl cwdvcb kdscl`t-

obn do{d kdo{wl kd tob bn labkb kd }nt`bs.

zbneåoklsd kd to gwdzd kesctwsl cedo{àjecl6

—Ds{ls }bwâse{ls kd nbs bzds. keèot{ls do dn

`dkel abge{tbn. nndhbo b bkrtewew do cedw{bs clo-

kecelods }wl}lwcelods dolw ds/ Nb sbohwd

at`bob }bwdcd sdwnds }bw{ectnbw do{d jbzlwb-

gnd. u ol ds wbwl abnnbwnls do nls bn labklods

kd }nt`b‚2;/ Bsà. dn e }bc{l rtd {edod dn ndc{lw

sd doctdo{wb do rtd ds `tu wbwl rtd ds{l

stcdkb. }dwl ol }lw dsl kdsb}bwdcd nb

}lsegenekbk/

Do —Dn kdsedw{l‚. nb aes{lweb {l`b tols

{eo{ds âs kwb`â{ecls/ Cl l ub sd ab

23[vzd{bo [lklwlz. Eo{wlktcceóo b nb ne{dwb{twb jbo{âs-

{ecb. Clulbcâo. @åqecl. 7==4. }/ 38/ 2;

Alwbcel Rtewlhb. Ctdo{ls. l}/ ce{/. }/ 271/

2=Egekd`. }/ 27:/

22Gbs{b wdclwkbw rtd kdo{wl kd nb obwwbceóo sd ctdo{b

slgwd kecabs bntceobcelods. nbs ctbnds zbo d`}dlwbokl

bn ès`l {ed`}l rtd nb dojdw`dkbk sd bhwbzb/ Dn {dwwlw

}lw ds{bs zeselods nl dq}wdsb do sts lfls6 „Nb flzdo. clo

nls lfls kds`dstwbkb`do{d bgedw{ls. ol abcàb seol

èwbw nb bnjl`gwb b tol u l{wl nbkl kdn wds}bnkl kd nb

cb`b/‐ Egekd`. }/ 274/ 27

Egekd`. }/ 278/


28




`docelobkl clo bo{dwelwekbk do ds{d {wbgbfl. dn

ds}bcel do dn rtd sd kdsdoztdnzd nb {wb`b ds nb

sdnzb/ [b`geåo sd ab kecal rtd bgtokbo `âs

nbs kdscwe}celods. b cl`}bwbceóo clo nbs kd —Dn

bn`labkóo…‚. }tds dn b`gedo{d kdsclolcekl

bsà nl b`dwe{b/

Nb sdnzb ds nb kdslnbceóo bgslnt{b/ Dn zezew

bnnà wd}wdsdo{b }bwb to al`gwd bcls{t`gwbkl b

nb twgboekbk nb }lsegenekbk kd abcdw jlw{tob.

hwbcebs b nb dq}nl{bceóo kd nls wdctwsls rtd dn

nthbw }wl}lwcelob. l gedo. dn bndfb edo{l kdn

`tokl slcebn }bwb zezew seo {bo{bs}wdlct}bcelods `b{dwebnds. öoecb`do{d clo nl

eokes}dosbgnd/

Ds{b ön{e b `l{ezbceóo ds nl rtd

bo{edod b Stgdwcbsbtq clo sts }drtdòls

kdo{wl kd nb sdnzb. }tkl dndhew wdhwdsbw b tob

vlob —cezenevbkb‚. gtscbw rteåo nd butkbwb clo

nb cwebovb kd sts aefls b nb `tdw{d kd st ds}lsb.

do cb`gel. l}{ó }lw `bo{dodwsd bnnà. bcd}{bokl

nb wds}losbgenekbk {l{bn do dn ctekbkl u

dktcbceóo kd nls oeòls/

Dn edkl do ds{ls oeòls ol dqes{d cl`l

{bn6

Nbs cweb{twbs. do djdc{l. ol {d àbo b nb

lsctwekbk. oe b nb slndkbk. oe b obkb kd nl

rtd clos{e{tud dn {dwwlw kd nls gdgås cwebklsdo{wd nbs }lnndwbs kd sts bkwds/ @âs kd

tob zdv. nb olcad cbuó seo rtd Stgdwcbsbtq

atgedwb ztdn{l kdn wàl. u nbs cweb{twbs docdo-

kedwlo dn jbwln kd zedo{l b ds}dwbwnl seo

eorted{tk/ L sd kds}dw{bgbo slnls do `dkel

kd tob jtwelsb {lw do{b rtd nls docdhtdcàb

b {wbzås kd nls zekwels. }bwb zlnzdwsd b

klw ew do sdhtekb. sdhtwls u clojebkls do

dn wdhwdsl kd }b}â24/

Ds dn }bkwd rtedo nds eokecb b rtå kdgdo {d`dw.

}tds ån. }lw st dq}dwedoceb. ds{â closcedo{d kd

rtd nb `tdw{d sd doctdo{wb nb{do{d do ctbnrtedw

weocóo kd nb sdnzb. bcwdcdo{bkl dn }dnehwl.

hwbcebs b nbs clokecelods als{ends rtd

}wdkl eobo/

Dn edkl kd Stgdwcbsbtq }lw nb `tdw{d

ds }wdzeb. clwwds}lokedo{d bn edkl ob{twbn }lwnb eocdw{ekt`gwd kd st nndhbkb. }dwl b kejdwdoceb

kd —Dn bn`labkóo…‚ klokd nls {d`dwlsls slo

nls ds}dc{bklwds. do —Dn kdsedw{l‚ sdwâ nb `es`b

}dwslob rtd sd sedo{d }dwdcdw. rtedo nl

bngdwhtd/

Stgdwcbsbtq ds nb öoecb }dwslob clo nb

rtd ctdo{bo sts aefls9 }dsd b sdw dnnls {bo sónl

tols oeòls. dn obwwbklw nls kdscwegd cl`l jtdwb

kd nl cl`öo. }tds dn }bkwd nds ab }wl}lwcelob-

kl nls clolce edo{ls odcdsbwels }bwb rtd

}tdkbo slgwdzezew slnls do nb sdnzb/

Dn `l{ezl kd nb `tdw{d sdwâ to }ertd. ds

kdcew. tob }tnhb rtd sd eo{wlktcd kdgbfl kd nb

}edn }bwb kdfbw sts atdzdcennls/ Ds{l ub ol ds

tob dq{wbòdvb do dn `tokl wdbn. `âs gedo. dods{d }to{l kd st lgwb. Rtewlhb kdscwegd nb

wdbnekbk es`b/ Ol odcdse{b fts{ejecbw nl eosóne{l

kd bnhöo adcal }bwb rtd sdb cwdàgnd. nbs

kdscwe}celods wds}dc{l bn do{lwol `tds{wbo

24Egekd`. }}/ 77: – 778/

21



bn ndc{lw rtd kdo{wl kd ds{d b`gedo{d. dsbs

se{tbcelods slo cl`tods6

YStgdwcbsbtqP kdgàb }bsbw tob alwb do{dwb

kds}tås kd bn lwvbw clo nls }eds kd st

caecl do{wd nbs `bols. do dn clwwdklw u

sbn}ecbkl kd nntzeb. l do dn }b{el cdhbkl }lw

dn sln/ Ctbokl clocntàb clo dn zbwloce{l. nd

{lcbgb dn {twol b sà es`l9 u bn eoclw}lwbw-

sd }lw jeo. ctwzb{twbkl. dn odod nl nnb`bgb.

}lwrtd {wds otdzls }ertds nd abgàbo

{bnbkwbkl b dkebs nb }edn kd nls }eds/2:

Kd `bodwb rtd se {lkls zezedwbo do to nthbw

cl`l ås{d. ol wdstn{bwàb dq{wbòb sd`dfbo{d

wt{eob/ Seo d`gbwhl. kd nb es b `bodwb rtd do

—Dn bn`labkóo…‚. Rtewlhb dq}necb clo to

kesctwsl do{wd zezdocebn u cedo{àjecl slgwd ds{ls

boe bne{ls6

Nls }ertds slo. }lw nl hdodwbn. `âs eoljdo-

sezls rtd nbs zàglwbs. nbs twbs u nls es`ls

gbwehþàs/ Cb eobo d`}eobkls }lw nb }edn. ukd }wlo{l nb }dwjlwbo clo hwbo. wb}ekdv

nndhbo b nb cbwod zezb. klokd jbgwecbo tob

glnsb rtd nndobo kd atdzls/ Oe nb dq{wbcceóo

kdn }ertd l nb oekbkb stdndo sdw `lnds{ls. oe

sts adwekbs sd dcabo b }dwkdw âs kd nl

odcdsbwel/ ]dwl kd cedo }ertds ne }els abu

tol rtd b}lw{b tob eojdcceóo. u ctekbkl

do{locds clo dnnb/28

Ds zdwkbk rtd sd `docelob nl wbwl kd {dodw

tob eojdcceóo b }bw{ew kdn }ertd{d kd ds{bs

}tnhbs. }dwl bn ol ds{bw eozlntcwbkl to adcal

cbse jbo{âs{ecl. cl`l dn cwdce edo{l kds`dstwb-

kl kd to âcbwl. wdstn{b bnhl cl`öo do dn clo-

{dq{l sdnzâ{ecl/

Dn }bkwd sbgd rtd ol ab }lkekl rte{bwsd

kdn }ed to }ertd u }dsd b nls `bnds{bwds rtd

cl edovb b sdo{ew. }bwb ån }we dwl ds{âo sts

aefls. bsà rtd wds{weohd st wt{eob kd nbs bc{ezekb-

kds }dsbkbs. }dwl ol kdfb kd b{dokdw nls

kdgdwds rtd st alhbw nd kd bokb/

Dn cbweòl kds`dstwbkl rtd nd }wlkehb b

sts aefls. nd abcdo sbnew do gtscb kd tob sewzedo-

{b. }tds cl edovb dn {d`lw }lw kdfbw b nls oeòlscl`}nd{b`do{d slnls/ B `dkekb rtd sts `bnds-

{bwds u dn jwàl nl eozbkdo. {b`geåo nl abcd dn

{d`lw }lw nls }drtdòls. rtedods ol sd abo

}dwcb{bkl böo kd nls `bnds{bwds kdn }bkwd/ Ds

}lsegnd rtd }bwb dnnls. nb `tdw{d sdb bnhl b nl

rtd kdgd {d`dwsd. to stcdsl clo{bkl }lw st

}bkwd. }dwl ol dq}dwe do{bkl {lkbzàb. cl`l

to zbhl u ndfbol wdctdwkl kd nl stcdkekl b st

`bkwd. }dwl ol `âs/

Clojlw d Stgdwcbsbtq `tdwd. ol bgbokl-

ob nb ds}dwbovb kd wdct}dwbwsd. kd }dosbw do

rtd nls `bnds{bwds }bsbwâo u ån }lkwâ wdhwdsbw b

sts bc{ezekbkds kebwebs. }dwl bn }dwcb{bwsd kd rtd

st `tdw{d ds eo eodo{d. abcd b to nbkl dn

edkl }lw dn }lwzdoew kd nls oeòls. }bwb }wdzd-oewnls. cl`l sed`}wd nl abgàb adcal. kd nl rtd

nd stcdkdwâ6

Óehbo`d gedo. caerte{ls àls. }lwrtd

ts{dkds slo ub hwbokds u }tdkdo cl }wdo-

kdw {lkl… Zlu b `lwew. caerte{ls… ]dwl2:

Egekd`. }/ 737/28

Egekd`. }}/ 737 – 733/


25




ol sd bjnefbo… ]wlo{l zbo b sdw ts{dkds

al`gwds. u sdwâo gtdols u alowbkls… U

sd bclwkbwâo do{locds kd st }eb}eâ…

Cl`}wdokbo gedo. `es aefe{ls rtdwekls…

Kdo{wl kd to wb{l `d `lwewå. u ts{dkds ol

{dokwâo `âs }bkwd… Rtdkbwâo slne{ls do

cbsb… ]dwl ol sd bsts{do oe {dohbo

`edkl…21

Sónl nb aefb bncbovb b cl`}wdokdw nbs }bnbgwbs

rtd st }bkwd nds ab kecal. }dwl sd wdses{d b

wl`}dw do nnbo{l. }tds Stgdwcbsbtq nds bkzedw{d

ds{l cl`l se sd {wb{bwb kd to bclo{dce edo{l

`âs kdo{wl kd nb sdnzb/

Dn e }bc{l kd ds{d jeobn ds `bulw rtd dn

kd —Dn bn`labkóo kd }nt`b‚. }tds nb cdwcboàb

kd nb aes{lweb clo nb wdbnekbk. b nl nbwhl kd {lkl

dn ctdo{l. }wlzlcb to djdc{l `bulw/ Kd `bodwb

rtd dn ndc{lw sedo{d `âs alwwlw clo nb `tdw{d kd

to }bkwd rtd kdfb slnls b sts aefls. rtd bn

cwdce edo{l kds`dkekl kd to âcbwl. }lwrtd ds`âs stscd}{egnd kd rtd nd lctwwb nl }we dwl u

ol nl sdhtokl/

21Egekd`. }/ 7;2/

7=



Nb Hbndwàb



Nb Hbndwàb

@ lwdne bob do dn Fbwkào kd nls obwbofls/ D keje cel Cdo{wbn kd Wdc{lwàb. T B D @ åq / [ lntcb. @ åq ecl/ Ibweob ]lsbkbs [lwwefls/ Jl{lhwbjàb b clnlw/

—@lwdnebob Odhwd{d ds lweheobweb kdn ds{bkl kd @ecalbcâo u ds `lkdnl }wljdselobn/Nndhó b [lntcb abcd 3 bòls }bwb kdkecbwsd b st zdwkbkdwb }bseóo6 nb }ldsàb/ Hts{b kdzebfbw u kdn gtdo cbjå/ Ds}dwb rtd clo dn {ed`}l. nb hdo{d nb wdclolvcb }lw st bw{d uol sónl }lw st jàsecl/‚

77



]lw Hdwbwkl Jnlwds

OEDZD DO DN [BOCÀ[BWL

Dsb {bwkd tob }bwzbkb kd hwbokds bzds cwtvbgb dn alwevlo{d abceb dn zbnnd kd Vb`lwb.

edo{wbs Wdgdcb u ul bscdokàb`ls nb dscbw}bkb nbkdwb kdn [bocà{bwl. rtd ds dn

}to{l `âs bn{l kd {lkl dn ds{bkl clo 73 1;4 `d{wls slgwd dn oezdn kdn `bw. cl`l

nl eokecbgb dn `b}b rtd dnnb sls{doàb do sts `bols {d`gnlwlsbs/ Do dn cednl dolw-

`ds otgds gnbortàse bs sd b}enlobgbo u sd b}wlqe bgbo kdskd nlo{bobovb abceb nb ct`gwd kdn

zlncâo b hwbo zdnlcekbk/ ]lkàb cbse dsctcabwnbs wthew jtwelsbs }lw nls cednls/

Wdgdcb {d`gnbgb kd jwàl }dsd b nndzbw tob hwtdsb cab`bwwb {åw ecb. htbo{ds u hlwwl9 sts lfls

bvtnds cl`l dn es`l cednl ds{bgbo nnlwlsls b cbtsb kdn zedo{l rtd sl}nbgb jtdw{d. `lzedokl{b`geåo sts cbgdnnls/ Sd bgwbvbgb b sà es`b clo jtdwvb u sd jwl{bgb dn dq{dwelw kd nls gwbvls eo{do-

{bkl cbndo{bwsd/ Cb eoâgb`ls kds}bcel do{wd dn bccekdo{bkl sdokdwl. kd ctbokl do ctbokl dnnb

{l`bgb e `bol u sd bhbwwbgb kd e gwbvl }bwb dze{bw wdsgbnbw/ Abcàb ub kls alwbs rtd abgàb`ls

kdfbkl dn cb eol }weoce}bn kd bscdosl u abgàb`ls sdhtekl dsb zdwdkb bohls{b. rtd sdw}do{dbgb

do{wd âwglnds u }bwdkds kd wlcb zlncâoecb lsctwb/ Bn }bwdcdw abgàb sekl adcab }lw `lo{bòes{bs `âs

dq}dwe do{bkls. ub rtd cloktcàb abceb tob nbkdwb dscbw}bkb. do nb rtd ds{âgb`ls. }lw nb ctbn dn

bscdosl dwb `tcal `âs kejàcen/ Cl`l sls}dcabgb kdn jwàl. abgàb nndzbkl {weâohtnls kd }enlocennl rtd

kdwwd{àb`ls clo nb sbnezb. cat}âoklnls ndo{b`do{d bo{ds kd b{wdzdwols b kbwnds tob `lwkekb/ Dsd

ktncd abgwàb kd `bo{dodwols cbnedo{ds abs{b nb ce b kdn zlncâo. klokd zdwàb`ls dn eo`dosl cwâ{dw

rtd do st }wljtokekbk htbwkb nbhtobs kd bhtb aewzedo{d/

Dn }tdgnl ds{bgb b tols 7= i kd nb se b kdn `lo{d. ub kdskd dsb }bw{d kd nb nbkdwb. rtd dwb

`âs l `dols nb e{bk kdn bscdosl. nlhwâgb`ls zdw dn }tdgnl }lw do{wd nls âwglnds wbnls cl`l tob

ctbkwàctnb kd wlfls u gnbocls ke eot{ls ds}bwcekb }lw dn stdnl. kezekekb }lw nàodbs rtd sd do{wd`dv-

cnbgbo do to ctwelsl ds}dc{âctnl kd hdl`d{wàb. kd zdv do ctbokl to bt{l`ózen cwtvbgb nbs cbnnds

cl`l to }to{l gwennbo{d do `lze edo{l/ Bnwdkdklw kdn }tdgnl sd dq{dokàbo nls cb`}ls eo`doslskd bhtbcb{ds. ktwbvols u obwbofbs. }weoce}bnds }wlktc{ls kdn nthbw/

Abgàb`ls kdcekekl abcdw dn bscdosl dn es l kàb kd otds{wb nndhbkb bn }tdgnl }lwrtd dsct-

cab`ls do nb wbkel. edo{wbs kdsd`}bcâgb`ls do dn al{dn. rtd }wlgbgnd`do{d dn cne b d`}dlwbwàb.

u cl`l dn cne b do dn [bocà{bwl ds {lw do{lsl. abu clos{bo{ds odzbkbs u jtdw{ds zdo{bwwlods.

do{locds nb htbwkeb kd nb wdsdwzb ub ol }dw e{d b nls zese{bo{ds abcdw dn bscdosl abs{b nndhbkb nb

7;



Oedzd do dn [bocà{bwl

}we bzdwb. u }bwb dsl jbn{bgbo `âs kd ; `dsds/ Do{locds ols }tse`ls otds{wb wl}b {åw`ecb. cbwhb-

`ls tob cbsb kd cb`}bòb nehdwb do cbsl kd bnhtob clo{eohdoceb u tobs `lcaenbs }drtdòbs clo

bhtb. neo{dwobs u kd`âs bw{àctnls kd `lo{bòes l/ Ol åwb`ls otdzls do ds{l. abgàb`ls ub dscbnbkl

dn ]ecl kd ]b{b`gb u dn ]bwect{ào. }dwl sed`}wd ols b{wbfl nb jlw b sln dod u gnbocb kdn [bocà{bwl.

ctul }ecl ds odzbkl do eozedwol/

Clo{eotb`ls bscdokedokl bnhtols eot{ls `âs abs{b rtd doclo{wb`ls to cnbwl eo`dkeb{b-

`do{d kds}tås kd stgew }lw tob }bwdk kd wlcbs dscbw}bkbs/ Nb wlcb zlncâoecb ds ds}dcebn do{d

kejàcen kd dscbnbw kdgekl b st jlw bw bccekdo{bkb u sts glwkds ctwzls d ewwdhtnbwds. btortd sd }tdkd

}esbw u bhbwwbwsd clo `tcab clojebovb. ub rtd ds dq{wd`bkb`do{d ktwb/ Ols sdo{b`ls b kdscbosbw

kdgbfl kd to hwbo lub`dn kd alfbs cnbwbs rtd ols }wl{dhàb kdn zedo{l jtdw{d/ Bn }bsbw do{wd sts

wb`bs dn zedo{l btnnbgb clo `tsecbnekbk. dwb `lw{ejecbo{d nb sdosbceóo rtd kbgb brtdnnb `ösecb

clos{bo{d rtd sd }dwkàb do{wd nbs }wljtokekbkds kd nb nbkdwb/ ‛ Sà dn zedo{l ol sd cbn b ‛ nd kefd b Wdgdcb edo{wbs `lwkesrtdbgb e {weâohtnl kd

}enlocennl. ‛ {dokwd`ls rtd wdhwdsbw/ Ds }wlgbgnd rtd abub oedzd cdwcb kd nb ct`gwd/

‛ ]dwl otocb ad zes{l oedzd/ L `âs gedo otocb nb ad sdo{ekl ‛ }wl{ds{ó dnnb. b }dsbw kd rtd

{d`gnbgb kd jwàl/ St }edn dwb `âs }ânekb kd nl tstbn u sts nbgels kdnhbkls u olw bn do{d wlfls

cl`dovbgbo b }bnekdcdw {b`geåo/ Dsl bt`do{bgb dn clnlw bvtn eo{dosl kd sts lfls rtd `d ewbgbo

st}necbo{ds/

‛ [d ds{âs clohdnbokl ‛ bwht`do{å dsrtezbokl st ewbkb. ol }lkàb sls{dodwnb6 ‛ U b}dobs

zb`ls b nb e{bk/

‛ Ds rtd b}dobs `d ds{lu bcne b{bokl ‛ kefl dnnb slowedo{d u `d kel to gdsl do nb `dfennb.

sdo{à sts nbgels adnbkls clo{wbs{bokl clo nb cbnekdv kd st bnedo{l rtd negdwbgb dn ktncd bwl`b kd

}enlocennl/ ‛ Ctbokl clo{eotd`ls dn bscdosl `d sdo{ewå `dflw/ Ctds{b {wbgbfl cwddw rtd ds{l sdb

to zlncâo/

]dwl nb lsctwb }edkwb zlncâoecb nndob kd `tshls u aedwgbfls clo{wbkdcàb brtdn cl`do{bwel/

Nls âwglnds cwdcàbo clo `tcab sd}bwbceóo nls tols kd nls l{wls. cl`l se {d edwbo tob otdzb dwt}-

ceóo u rtesedwbo kdfbw ds}bcel }bwb rtd nb nbzb sd kdsnevbwb clo bulw jbcenekbk do{wd nbs wlcbs jenlsbsu dscbw}bkbs/

Ul ewbgb b Wdgdcb u }wdhto{bgb rtå ols abgàb }bsbkl/ Abgàb`ls cl`dovbkl dsls zebfds. b

sthdwdoceb àb. abcàb tols dsds }bwb dscb}bw kd nb wt{eob kd otds{wb wdnbceóo/ Nb zdwkbk dwb rtd ul

rtdwàb dze{bw rtd }bsâwb`ls slnls do e abge{bceóo nls jeods kd sd`bob cl`l abcàb`ls bo{ds/

Sdocennb do{d ub ol sdo{àb nb b}d{doceb rtd {doàb }lw dnnb bn }weoce}el kd otds{wl olzebvhl/ Ol

74



Hdwbwkl Jnlwds

nndzâgb`ls `tcal {ed`}l fto{ls. kejàcen do{d kesct{àb`ls u do hdodwbn cl`}bw{àb`ls eo{dwdsds.

}lkàb }bsbw kàbs do{dwls clo dnnb seo jbs{ekebw d/ ]dwl b }dsbw kd st {wd`dokb gdnndvb. dwb kdnhbkb u

bn{b. ul ol sdo{àb ub nb `dolw b{wbcceóo }lw dnnb/ St wls{wl }ânekl `d }bwdcàb `lw{tlwel. sts nbgels

kd`bsebkl kdnhbkls. sts }dcals }drtdòls u sts }edwobs jnbcbs/ ¼B kóokd abgàb ekl b }bwbw brtdn

kdsdl eo{dosl rtd {doàb b}dobs abcd tols dsds< Dsd kdsdl rtd ols abcàb }bsbw kàbs do{dwls

eo`dwsls dn tol do dn l{wl kdo{wl kd e ctbw{l. kdzlwâoklols nb }edn/ Bn }bwdcdw dwb cedw{b brtdnnb

sdo{doceb kd rtd nb }bseóo wâ}ekb`do{d sd kese}b/ Ul abgàb kdcekekl rtd brtdn sdwàb otds{wl ön{e l

zebfd. wdhwdsbokl b @lwdneb {dw eobwàb nb wdnbceóo/ Ol e }lw{b nl ktwl rtd jtdwb. sbgàb rtd dnnb `d

b`bgb }wljtokb`do{d. oe tob zdv abgàb dq}wdsbkl obkb bn wds}dc{l kd e wd}do{eob jbn{b kd

clo{bc{l/ Kdgàb }dosbw rtd dwb tob d{b}b. rtd bnhl `d ds{bgb }bsbokl. u rtd kd nb es b `bodwb

}wlo{l kdfbwàb kd }bsbw/ Dsb ekdb ds{bgb b}lubkb do rtd ul `d abgàb dsjlwvbkl `lot`do{bn do{d

}bwb rtd e cl`}lw{b edo{l }bwb clo dnnb cb`gebwb do nl `âs àoe l/ Nb wdnbceóo do{dwb. seoeocntew otds{wls eo{dosls doctdo{wls sdqtbnds. ul dwb dn d}à{l`d kd to cbgbnndwl/ @d bsdhtwbgb kd

nndzbwnb clo gedo b nb abge{bceóo rtd dnnb wdo{bgb kdn l{wl nbkl kd nb cetkbk. btortd b zdcds }lw nb

alwb {tzedwb rtd wdhwdsbw d do {bqe l cb eobokl ktwbo{d `âs kd kls alwbs kdgekl b nb kes{boceb

closekdwbgnd kd st abge{bceóo b nb àb/ ]dwl abgàb }dwkekl dn {bc{l. ub ol gtscbgb kdsotkbwnb b

cbkb eos{bo{d rtd ols rtdkâgb ls slnls/ Abgàb stcdkekl kd }wlo{l. rtevâs sbceå {lkbs es hbobs

kd dnnb. rtevâs `d`lwecå kd`bsebkl wâ}ekl st ctdw}l. sts ntobwds u }dcbs. rtevâs brtdnnls lfls

bvtnds }wljtokls cl`l dn cednl `d eo{e ekbgbo b {bn }to{l rtd ub ol }lkàb sl}lw{bw st kdsotkdv/

Rtevâs. nndhtå b }dosbw. abgàb }dwkekl {lkb b}d{doceb sdqtbn/ Dsl }doså eoecebn do{d abs{b rtd

ds{tzd clo st `dflw b ehb. Kboednb. to ctdw}l cânekl u `lwdol rtd sd bgwàb }bwb à cl`l tob

hwbo }nbub klokd d st`dwhàb }lw alwbs u alwbs/ Bn }bwdcdw dwb slnb`do{d e ob{twbndvb. dvrteob

u {wbeklwb. btortd ds{bgb dob`lwbkl kd dnnb. btortd ds{bgb clozdocekl kd rtd fb`âs }lkwàb b`bw b

Wdgdcb cl`l b obked. ol }lkàb dze{bw kdsdbw b l{wb `tfdw/ Cwdl rtd se }nd`do{d sd wdst`d b dsl. b

rtd ul ol dwdcàb dn b`lw rtd Wdgdcb d {doàb/

Wdgdcb ol abgàb sls}dcabkl obkb/ Dnnb dwb to ds}àwe{t b`bgnd u {edwol/ Ul. cl`l ub kefd. ol

abgàb lkejecbkl do obkb es kd{bnnds. e b{doceóo. otds{wbs nbwhbs }nâ{ecbs kd bkwthbkb/ Sónl rtdub ol gtscbgb dsls wdsrtecels do{wd nbs bhdokbs }bwb }lkdw abcdw dn b`lw ktwbo{d nbwhbs alwbs/ B

dnnb }bwdcàb ol abcdwnd jbn{b/ Se es gdsls abgàbo kdfbkl kd sdw b}bselobkls. dnnb sd clo{do{bgb ¢clo

nb es b bndhwàb rtd clo nls gdsls rtd nb kdzlwbgbo" B wdcegew b b}dobs dn wlcd kd es nbgels/ Dsl

bt`do{bgb e jwts{wbceóo/ [lkls sts lwhbs`ls. st }edn {wå`tnb `d }bwdcàbo e }dosbgnds balwb.

¼có`l ol sd kbgb ctdo{b kd e jwebnkbk< Sd rtdkbgb b klw ew do brtdn ctbw{l rtd ul wdo{bgb do dn

7:




cdo{wl kd nb cetkbk u. b }dsbw kd rtd ub ol nb {lcbgb. dnnb ol d e{àb oeohtob rtdfb. sd ne e{bgb b

klw ew b}bcegnd`do{d. b gtscbw e gwbvl }lw nb olcad }bwb rtd nb dozlnzedwb u kbw d to ktncd gdsl

bn kds}dw{bw/ Brtdnnl `d abcàb sdo{ew `âs {dwwegnd`do{d ctn}bgnd. `âs }wljtokb`do{d {wbeklw. {bo{l

}lw ol }lkdw clwwds}lokdw clo }bseóo brtdnnb {dwotwb cl`l }lw dohbòbwnb clo st `dflw b ehb/

]lw dsl ekdå ds{ls }bsdls cbkb jeo kd sd`bob. clo dn }wd{dq{l kd rtdwdw zdw b st nbkl dn Ds{bkl

do{dwl/ Dnnb bcd}{ó seo `âs. do{dwb`do{d d`lcelobkb u cl`dovó b {wbvbw wt{bs. b gtscbw eojlw b-

ceóo kd nthbwds u jdcabs kd jds{ezekbkds/ ]dwl cl`l ul ol rtdwàb rtd ds{tzeåwb`ls do to ctbw{l

slnls. gtsrtå rtd aeceåwb`ls `lo{bòes`l u rtd bcb`}âwb`ls/ Bn `dols }lkàb bkftkecbw bn jwàl l

bn cbosbocel kd nbwhls kàbs kd cb eob{b. e jbn{b kd negekl/ Dnnb abgàb }dosbkl rtd nb ekdb dwb `bwb-

zennlsb u abcàb ub kls `dsds rtd cbkb jeo kd sd`bob àgb`ls b bkdo{wbwols do bnhöo glsrtd l b

dscbnbw bnhöo `lo{d/ ]dwl nbs clsbs ol abgàbo cb`gebkl oe to }lcl. dwb alwb kd {dw eobw nb

se{tbceóo/ Dnnb sdhtàb bcd}{bokl clo hwbceb {lkls nls }wd{dq{ls rtd ul }loàb. dwb sdocennl }tds{lrtd dwb sed`}wd ul rtedo cl`dovbgb nb sdktcceóo. dnnb sd ne e{bgb b ewbw d }wljtokb`do{d u

gdsbw d clo }bseóo. b hd ew ndo{b`do{d u abcdw st bnedo{l to }dwjt`d ewwdses{egnd/ ]dwl ub ol

stcdkàb. es `bols nb {lcbgbo u ol dwb kejdwdo{d kd ctbnrtedw `tfdw rtd }tkedwb {lcbw. bnhl abgàb

kdsb}bwdcekl/

St ewbkb ktncd sd }dwkàb clo{d`}nbokl nls âwglnds. clo{bokl nbs }lcbs alfbs rtd abgàb/

@lwkesrtdbgb kdnecbkb`do{d st }dkbvl kd }enlocennl u ul nb ewbgb/ Nb ewbgb eo{do{bokl wdclwkbw

rtå dwb nl rtd `d abgàb b{wbàkl {bo{l kd dnnb/ Jtdwb nl rtd jtdwb sd abgàb {wbsnbkbkl b Kboednb.

balwb dwb dnnb nb rtd nndobgb es olcads kd at`dkbkds loàwecbs u es bòbobs kd at`dkbkds kd st

sdql/ Dn jeo kd sd`bob }bsbkl Wdgdcb abgàb doclo{wbkl to sls{åo rtd Kboednb abgàb lnzekbkl

kdgbfl kd e cb`b/ Ol så có`l }tkl ewsd seo ån/ Ul bwht`do{å rtd dwb stul. btortd

dzekdo{d`do{d dwb `tcal `âs hwbokd rtd nls kd dnnb/ Dnnb sd ne e{ó b bsdo{ew u nl bzdo{ó b to nbkl u

}wlsdhte ls clo otds{wb ne }edvb sbgb{eob rtd abcàb`ls sed`}wd bo{ds kd sbnew kd zebfd/ Jtd

ctbokl d kefl6

‛ Rtedwl dscbnbw dn [bocà{bwl ‛ / Nl kefl bsà. clo zlv {bfbo{d seo b}bw{bw nb ewbkb kdn tdgnd

rtd ne }ebgb clo to {wb}l/ ‛ Ds{â cl`dovbokl dn eozedwol. ol cwdl rtd }lkb`ls abcdw dn bscdosl ‛ kdcnbwå/ Abgàb

dsctcabkl rtd dn cne b dwb }åse l b }bw{ew kd lc{tgwd. nbs {d`}dwb{twbs kes eotàbo bgwt}{b`do{d u

seo bzesl cbàbo {lw do{bs u zdo{bwwlods/

‛ Ul }dosbgb rtd {d hts{bgbo nbs ct`gwds }dnehwlsbs ‛ eoses{eó dnnb ewbokl dn weocóo klo-

kd abgàb bwwlfbkl dn gwbsedw kd Kboednb/ Ul sdo{à to ds{wd`dce edo{l wdclwwdw d dn ctdw}l do{dwl/

78



Hdwbwkl Jnlwds

– Sdwàb gtdol rtd doclo{wâwb`ls l{wl {e}l kd oedzd/

]lw st}tds{l rtd abgàb bcd}{bkl st }wl}tds{b/ ¼Rtå }lkàb ul odhbwnd b dnnb< @d {doàb do sts

`bols. ol så kdskd ctâokl nl sbgàb. }dwl ul ds{bgb sdhtwl kd rtd dnnb sbgàb nl kd Kboednb. l bn

`dols nl e bheobgb/ Ul st}d dsd sâgbkl rtd ub ol }lkàb sdhtew lctn{bokl nb se{tbceóo âs {ed`}l/

Balwb rtd nb ewbgb cl`dw st ktncd b}bcegnd`do{d. nb ctn}bgenekbk `d kdzlwbgb u ol doclo{wbgb

sbnekb b brtdnnb se{tbceóo ¼Rtå ctn}b {doàb brtdnnb `tcabcab adw lsb rtd cl`}bw{àb kàbs u kàbs

clo ehl kd e `bnke{b eojekdnekbk< @d ne e{å b `lwkdw clo `âs jtdwvb e }enlocennl. kd ctbokl do

ctbokl dnnb `d ewbgb. kdcàb bnhöo cl`do{bwel slgwd otds{wl wdclwwekl u `d slowdàb {edwob`do{d/

Nb kdsds}dwbceóo egb cwdcedokl. kdjeoe{ezb`do{d bn wdhwdsbw b nb cetkbk nd kewàb {lkb nb zdwkbk/ Rtd

`d bcls{bgb clo Kboednb. rtd ub ol sdo{àb b{wbcceóo }lw dnnb btortd nb b`bgb `tcaàse l. nd kewàb

{lkl u bcd}{bwàb nl rtd jtdwb rtd dnnb `d }ekedwb/ Nl rtd jtdwb/ Sd nl kdgàb/ Dnnb `d {doàb/ @d

}wdhto{bgb se dnnb nl sbgàb/ ]doså do dsd `l`do{l rtd {lkb e eojekdnekbk ol dwb `âs rtd to jbnsleo{do{l }lw atew. }lw atew kdn ewwd`dkebgnd kds{eol kd ds{bw b st nbkl }bwb sed`}wd/ Dn b`lw ol

}wdhto{b ds{d {e}l kd clsbs. fb`âs ndà rtd sd nd }wdhto{bwb b [wes{âo se kdsdbgb dob`lwbwsd kd

Eslnkb. l b Wl`dl kd Ftned{b. l b Bndfl Xwlosiu kd Bob Ibwdoeob. l b @b{al kd Sbnb`gl/

Cdwcb là ls nbs wb`bs cwtfew u }tke ls b{esgbw do{wd nls }eols nb jehtwb kd to zdobkl kd

clnb gnbocb rtd ols lgsdwzbgb do{wd nls wb`bfds wbnls/ Dwb `bwbzennlsl. slgwd {lkl wdclwkbokl rtd

nls zdobkls {edokdo b wdatew nb cdwcboàb kd nls at`bols/ ]dwl do dsb å}lcb kdn bòl. kdgekl bn

eo{dosl jwàl. cbse obked bscdokàb bn cwâ{dw kdn [bocà{bwl. }lw nl ctbn kdgàb`ls sdw {lkl to bclo{dce-

edo{l }bwb nb cweb{twb rtd ols dqb eobgb clo cbt{dnb/ Dwb tob ds}åce do `bwbzennlsl. kd sentd{b

kdnhbkb u cbwb bnbwhbkb. sts hwbokds lfl sd cnbzbgbo do olsl{wls clo eo`lzenekbk/ Wdgdcb u ul kdce-

ke ls ol `lzdwols oe to cdo{à d{wl {b`}lcl. u bsà ds{tze ls jwdo{d b jwdo{d zbwels eot{ls/ Nb

öoecb bn{dwbceóo dwb nb kd nbs alfbs kdn lub`dn abcedokl st ösecb {wes{d. bhe{bkbs }lw dn zedo{l/

Dn zdobkl sd b}wlqe ó ndo{b`do{d clo st kdnecbkl `lze edo{l kd {lwsl u ctdnnl/ Ds{bgb b

tols `d{wls kd olsl{wls u }lkàb`ls zdwnl cnbwb`do{d. dwb tob ad`gwb. kdnhbkb u {d`gnlwlsb/ Ul

ds{bgb jdnev kd rtd e b{doceóo }tkedwb jefbwsd do bnhl `âs. `bwbzennlsl u kdnecbkl. bnhl rtd kd

cedw{b bodwb kese}bgb e ctn}b/Nls bo{ehtls {bwbscls }dosbgbo rtd dn zdobkl dwb nb kdekbk kdn b`lw/ St jthbcekbk u nb kdne-

cbkdvb kd sts `lze edo{ls. bsà cl`l nb }wl}eb cbt{dnb rtd tol kdgàb {dodw bn bcdwcbwsd. `d abcàbo

do{dokdw to }lcl slgwd dsb cwddoceb/ Kd cdwcb. brtdnnb dwb tob cweb{twb {bo {edwob. rtd cwdàb kejàcen

rtd nls al`gwds }tkedwbo cbvbwnl u `b{bwnl/ St }dnbfd dwb {bo kdnecbkl rtd }bwdcàb jlwwbwnl stbzd-

`do{d u ol kejdwew b}dobs kd nls âwglnds rtd nl wlkdbgbo/ Abs{b nbs bocabs kd st nl`l wdjndfbgbo

71




to }lcl kd nb ntv gnbortdceob rtd sd jen{wbgb }lw nbs otgds/ ]dwl dwbo sts }wljtokàse`ls lfls nls

rtd `d ae}ol{evbgbo/ Ols lgsdwzbgb odwzelsb`do{d u ul `d sdo{àb b{wbàkl }lw st wls{wl rtd wds}e-

wbgb clo bhe{bceóo/ Ds{bgb b}dobs b tols d{wls kd olsl{wls. }dwl sdhtàb closdwzbokl nb stjecedo{d

kes{boceb }bwb }lkdw dscb}bw se abcàb`ls `lze edo{ls b}wdstwbkls/ Sónl ds{âgb`ls Wdgdcb u ul.

clo otds{wbs hwtdsbs cab`bwwbs wl`}dzedo{ls u otds{wls hlwwls {åw ecls. `bscbokl nl rtd do nb

}dws}dc{ezb kd dsd boe bn }bwdcàbo wlcbs/ Seo d`gbwhl. dn lnlw ktncd kdgàb sdw {bo eo{dosl rtd sd

sdo{àb b{wbàkl/ Do dsd å}lcb kdn bòl. nb zdhd{bceóo do nb nbkdwb kdn zlncâo ds cbse otnb u kdgàb sdw

tob {bwdb {e{âoecb }bwb dn boe bn doclo{wbw st wbceóo kebweb kd cbnlwàbs }bwb }dwses{ew do dsd clos{bo{d

kdzdoew ob{twbn/

@edo{wbs ols ewbgb u sd egb bcdwcbokl ndo{b`do{d. ul wdclwkbgb nb dndhàb rtd Wenid nd

kdkecb b nls boe bnds do sts D ndhàbs kd K teol/ @d }bwdcàb }wdcesb`do{d rtd brtdn zdobkl

clo{d`}nbgb nb d{dwoekbk. cb eobgb do dnnb clo hwbceb u bhenekbk/ U otds{wb jthbcekbk eoadwdo{d.{lkl otds{wl bs}dc{l bo{eob{twbn kdgàbo }bwdcdwnd to ctwelsl bccekdo{d kehol kd lgsdwzbw/ @es

}bselods djà dwbs. es ktkbs ekel{bs kdgàbo }bwdcdwnd ehtbn do{d ol `dols rtd nls aedwgbfls.

rtevâs `dols. rtd }esbgb {lkls nls kàbs/ @lzàb nbs lwdfbs clo eoses{doceb u {doàb klgnbkb st }b{b

kdnbo{dwb/ Wdgdcb nl ewbgb ehtbn do{d bsl`gwbkb rtd ul. do{wdbgwàb nb glcb clo d`lceóo u sts

dolw ds lfls bvtnds sd doclo{wbgbo clo nls kdn zdobkl rtd sd egb bcdwcbokl do st kewdcceóo/

@tu kds}bcel Wdgdcb nd {dokeó nb `bol u dn zdobkl. }bwb e slw}wdsb. clo{eoöl

bcdwcâoklsd lnjb{dbokl dn bewd/ ]dwcegàb dn bwl`b ktncd kdn }enlocennl. rtevâs nb sbnezb kd Wdgdcb

butkbgb b }wl}bhbw dn bwl`b. dn boe bn klgnbgb st cbgdvb clo cbt{dnb edo{wbs sd egb bcdwcbokl/ Sd

bcdwcó {l{bn do{d u nb eó dn ktncd clo ndo{e{tk seo rte{bw oe to sdhtokl st ewbkb kd b`gls/ Nb

d`lceóo sd kdfbgb b wdntcew do nls lfls kd Wdgdcb rtedo }bwdcàb ds{bw clo{doedokl to hwe{l kd

fögenl/ Ul. sdo{bkl b}dobs b to `d{wl kd dnnb. ol }lkàb ds{bw `dols d`lcelobkl/ Ds{bgb sdhtwl kd

rtd ds{âgb`ls zezedokl bnhl bgslnt{b`do{d eosóne{l/ Dn zdobkl nb àb clo eoses{doceb brtdn ktncd.

cdwwbgb sts lfls do nbwhls }bw}bkdls. }bwdcàb nb dq}wdseóo rtd to oeòl abcd bn `lwkdw brtdnnb

}edkwdcennb b`gbweob nb }we dwb zdv/ Dn zedo{l sl}nbgb clo eoses{doceb }dwl oe Wdgdcb oe ul

sdo{àb`ls dn jwàl. sónl ds{bgb brtdnnb ösecb {wes{àse b kdn zedo{l do{wd nbs alfbs kdn lub`dn. cl`l dnjlokl bkdctbkl }bwb brtdnnb dscdob/ Ds{âgb`ls do{dwb`do{d doztdn{ls do dn btwb às{ecb kd brtdn

boe bn kd }edwobs nbwhbs rtd nb àb hts{lsl dn }enlocennl/ St clnb sd `lzàb clo dqce{bceóo u st

ctdw}l {d`gnbgb. st kdnecbkb jehtwb bcls{t`gwbkb b b}wlzdcabw abs{b nb ön{e b cbnlwàb kd aedwgbfl

rtd }tkedwb lg{dodw. }bwdcdwàb wdglsbw do kecab bn clost ew {bo }wdcelsl bne do{l/ Ul zdàb cl`l nb

ndohtb kdn zdobkl {b`geåo nb àb eoses{do{d`do{d nb bol kd Wdgdcb lctn{b }lw to htbo{d/ Kdgàb

75



Hdwbwkl Jnlwds

}bwdcdwnd dq{wbòb nb {dq{twb }lwrtd sd kd{doàb b nb`dw dn htbo{d cbse clo {bo{b wdhtnbwekbk cl`l

nb àb dn }enlocennl/

Oeohtol kd nls kls ols b{wdzàb`ls b `lzdwols. }dwl nndhbgb b à. hwbcebs bn jtdw{d zedo{l. dn

}dwjt`d ktncd kdn cbgdnnl kd Wdgdcb/ Dn zedo{l bhe{bgb clo jtdwvb st nbwhb cbgdnndwb {wehtdòb u dn

bwl`b rtd kds}wdokàb d d`lcelobgb }wljtokb`do{d/ Clo{d`}nbw bn zdobkl {d`gnbw abcàb }dwcb-

{bw d rtd kdgbfl kd nls ienls kd wl}b {åw ecb kd Wdgdcb. sd lctn{bgb st kdnecbkl ctdw}l }ânekl

cl`l nb oedzd/ Sts }edwobs nbwhbs u hwâcends cl`l nbs kdn zdobkl. st zedo{wd }nbol u nbwhl u sts

}dcals wdklokls u }drtdòls/ Do{locds b }dsbw kd sts wl}bs lsctwbs Wdgdcb `d }bwdceó do{dwb-

`do{d ob{twbn. `d }bwdceó rtd sed`}wd abgàb }dw{dodcekl b brtdn }besbfd cl`l tob `tfdw d`bobkb

kd nb wlcb jwàb/ @d }bwdceó rtd abgàb doclo{wbkl dn dnd`do{l }wdcesl do rtd Wdgdcb sd wdzdnbgb

`âs eo{dosb`do{d/ Nb`do{å }wljtokb`do{d rtd ds{tzedwb zds{ekb. st kdsotkdv wdzdnbwàb ol sónl dn

}besbfd eosóne{l rtd ols wlkdbgb. seol rtd bgwewàb dn cednl es`l }bwb rtd do{wbwb to wbul kd sln/ Dnzdobkl nb àb dn ktncd rtd dnnb nd dq{dokàb clo {bn {wbortenekbk rtd ol }tkd dze{bw }dosbw rtd kd

cedw{b `bodwb sd cl`toecbgbo/ Wdgdcb clo cbt{dnb jtd `lzedokl st `bol evrtedwkb u nlhwó bcbwe-

cebw bn boe bn rtd b}bcegnd sd kdfó {lcbw seo }dw{twgbwsd/ [bn dwb st kdnde{d clo dn ktncd/ Wdgdcb `d

ewó dq{bsebkb/ U ul b st zdv nb ewå dq{bsebkl. btortd b`gls }lw wbvlods do{dwb`do{d kes{eo{bs/

[lkl dn jwàl kd e ctdw}l sd kese}ó u to wàl kd jtdhl d`}dvó b clwwdw }lw es zdobs/ Dn

`bh`b bo{ehtl kd brtdnnbs wlcbs }bwdcàb d`}dvbw b jntew gbfl e }edn/ Nbs wlcbs es bs }bwdcedwlo

bgnbokbwsd kd }wlo{l/ @d sdo{àb eozbkekl }lw ol så rtå jtdwvb/ @e ewbkb sd cnbzbgb do dn }dwjdc{l

wls{wl kd Wdgdcb. do st }dwjen rtd }bwdcàb to `âw ln hwedhl kd obwev bjenbkb u gbwgennb }wlotocebkb.

kdnecbkls nbgels b}dobs kegtfbkls u }bnekdcekls }lw dn jwàl9 u lfls bvtnds. eo`dosls cl`l dn cednl kd

eozedwol/ Lnzekå }lw do{dwl nb }wdsdoceb kdn boe bn u `d `lzà abceb dnnb/ Dn zdobkl ol sd `lzeó.

ol wds}lokàb b st ob{twbn eos{eo{l kd }wl{dcceóo. ds{bgb kdnde{âoklsd clo brtdn ktncd rtd Wdgdcb nd

dq{dokàb/ Ul `d `lzà abceb dnnb u kd to }bsl bclw{å nb kes{boceb kd `dols kd to `d{wl rtd ols

sd}bwbgb/ Do{locds clo e `bol rte{å dn `dcaóo kd cbgdnnl rtd abgàb cbàkl slgwd st wls{wl u nb

gdså/ @es nbgels sd cl àbo st glcb kdnecbkb u jwàb/ Sdo{àb st sbnezb cânekb do{wbw do e glcb cl`l to

å{dw bo{ehtl/ Bsà kdgàbo sdo{ewsd rtevâs. nbs wlcbs ctbokl nntdzd/Ds{wd`dcekb }lw e gdsl. Wdgdcb kdfó cbdw nb }edkwb kd }enlocennl rtd dn zdobkl sehteó

nb edokl seo jefbwsd ub do olsl{wls. btortd ul {doàb nb sdosbceóo kd rtd ol abgàb`ls sbnekl kd st

btwb kdnecbkb/ Wdgdcb `d wlkdó clo sts gwbvls u st ctdw}l cl`dovó b {d`gnbw jtdw{d`do{d. sts

nbgels `d kdzlwbgbo. `d kdzlwbgbo clo tob jtdwvb bo{ehtb u ob{twbn/ @d kdzlwbgbo u ul sdo{àb

zdoew b à {lkls nls tshls. cwdcdw slgwd es dfennbs aedwgbfls. u do e ds}bnkb sd do{dwwbgbo

3=




}wljtokb`do{d sts `bols cl`l wbàcds kd lub`dn. }eol l doceol böo b {wbzås kd nb hwtdsb

cab`bwwb rtd ul nndzbgb/

‛ ¢Bn jeo abs zdoekl b à. b`lw àl" ‛ `d ststwwó bn làkl u }bsó st ndohtb }lw e nógtnl/

Ul d sdo{à ds{wd`dcdw do{dwl/

Kdsbgwlcaó e cab`bwwb clo to ndo{l `lze edo{l u ndzbo{âokl`d dn stå{dw aevl rtd st

ndohtb cânekb }bsbwb }lw e zedo{wd/ Ul {d`gnå u sdo{à dn zlncâo do{dwl {d`gnbw clo ehl/ B nl ndfls

là to cbo{l. `âs gedo to nbwhl wtekl rtd sd kes}dwsó do dn bewd/ Ols kdsotkb`ls do{wd wlcds u sl-

gwd otds{wbs cab`bwwbs dq{dokekbs ols dozlnze ls do to nbwhl bgwbvl d`gwebhbkl }lw bnhtob jtdw-

vb kdsclolcekb…

‛ Ds alwb kd rtd clolvcbo nb oedzd ‛ kefl u `d dozlnzeó clo st ctdw}l/

Do nbs ol{ecebs kdn kàb sehtedo{d b}bwdceó tob ol{b dq{wbòb do nls kebwels nlcbnds/ Kls dqctwseloes{bs.ctul zdaàctnl sd abgàb doclo{wbkl do nb se b kdn zlncâo kd [bocà{bwl. do dn `toece}el al`óoe l.

abgàbo sekl abnnbkls `tdw{ls }lw tol kd nls abge{bo{ds kdn }lgnbkl. do to }drtdòl cnbwl do nb

nbkdwb lds{d kdn bscdosl jtdwb kd nls nà e{ds {twàs{ecls/ Ds{l abgàb }bsbkl kds}tås kd tob kd nbs

odzbkbs `âs jtdw{ds wdhes{wbkbs do 7= bòls rtd atgedwbo bvl{bkl bn Zlncâo/ Kdskd do{locds sd

eoses{àb do tob htbwkeb }dw bodo{d kdn ]bwrtd Obcelobn kd [bocà{bwl. klokd abge{bo ds}dceds

b`dobvbkbs cl`l dn zdobkl kd clnb gnbocb. dn cbcl eq{nd u nb vlwwb hwes/ Bn }bwdcdw nls kls

bcbdcekls sd abgàbo rtdkbkl klw ekls. }wlgbgnd`do{d }lw nb ae}l{dw eb/ Seo d`gbwhl. nb }lnecàb

ol do{dokàb }lwrtd sd nds abgàb doclo{wbkl kdsotkls. do to {wbortenl bgwbvl/ Ctbokl nls

doclo{wbwlo }bwdcàbo klw ew b}bcegnd`do{d. sónl abgàb bn nbkl kd dnnls. atdnnbs kd zdobkl/

32



]lw F/ @/ Jbnb bwl

@E ]DRTDÒL @LOS[WTL

EEE

…n ls ftdzds. rtedo ol sd ab kd{doekl to ftdzds }lw nb `bòbob b ds}dwbw b rtd

bnhl }bsd. b rtd bnhl stcdkb do nb zekb/ Dsb zekb rtd sd stcdkd do dzdo{ls seo

clo{wln. cl`l do brtdn ftdzds }bsbkl l cl`l ås{d. klokd dn zåw{ehl cl{ekebol

kdn kàb sd sedo{d. bn `dols }lw to eos{bo{d. cl`l se sd ds{tzedwb eo`dwsl kdo{wl kd to atwbcâo rtd

ols bwwlfb b to cbls seo clo{wln. do tob bzdo{twb {bo jthbv cl`l dn `âs wâ}ekl kds{dnnl kd ntv

jtn eobo{d/

Dsls ftdzds. cl`l l{wls `tcals. ds{âo `bwcbkls }lw bclo{dce edo{ls zdoekdwls6 `bòbobabu dqb`do. dn }wóqe l ftdzds ds dn ct`}ndbòls kd e dflw b ehl. budw ftdzds cdoå clo e }bkwd.

ds{d ftdzds rtd zedod d`}edvl b nddw dn negwl rtd cl`}wå abcd `dsds9 eojeoe{bs }lsegenekbkds kd to

kàb. st`dwhekl bo{d nb eodze{bgnd odcdsekbk kd st}dwzezdoceb. `âs rtd }lw zlnto{bk }wl}eb/

U. seo d`gbwhl. cbkb ftdzds abu rtd ct`}new clo kdgdwds. wdclwwdw }lw nb cbnnds b hwbo

zdnlcekbk klokd {lkls sd b{wl}dnnbo b nb `dolw }wlzlcbceóo cl`l to gbwtnnl kd`docebn. klokd

{lkls calcbo clo{wb {lkl. dn eo{dw eobgnd kdsjend kd }dwslobs rtd clo{wegtudo b nb ndu kd nb eodwceb.

nb ndu rtd sdhte ls {lkls olsl{wls seo kbwols ctdo{b/ U rtevâ oe dnnls oe ul nl sbgd`ls. }dwl {lkls

nls ftdzds abcd`ls nl es l6 zb`ls bn {wbgbfl. zb`ls b nb dsctdnb. abcd`ls cl`}wbs u clo {lkl

dnnl. ctds{b {wbgbfl cwddw rtd è ftdzds. otds{wl ftdzds. sd wdktcd b tob slnb wt{eob… clèdovl b

sdo{ew kd }wlo{l to hwbo zbcàl eosls{doegnd/

Do{locds `d }wdhto{l6 ¼Rtå sdwâ do dn jlokl nl rtd `tdzd b {lkb ds{b hdo{d< ¼Rtå sdwâ

wdbn do{d nl rtd `d `tdzd b à do ds{d ftdzds< ¼]lw rtå ol ds{lu clo{do{l cl`l {lkls< ]lwrtd

abu `l`do{ls do nls rtd ol wdctdwkl oe e ol`gwd/ Ctbokl bnhtedo }wdhto{b }lw à. bnhtedo

cl`l }lw to e`}tnsl `d èwb cl`l ds}dwbokl b rtd wds}lokb rtd `d doctdo{wl do dn nthbw. —ol

nl clolvcl‚ rtesedwb kdcew. l dq}wdsbw e`}tnsezb`do{d6 —nl ad zes{l abcd to `l`do{l‚ l —kdskd

abcd {ed`}l ub rtd ol nl zdl‚. }dwl ès eos{eo{ls `d {wbecelobo u `d klu ctdo{b rtd sehl sdo{bkl

brtà. zedokl }bsbw nbs alwbs. }dosbokl rtd ol abu nthbw klokd }tdkb ds{bw `dflw rtd do oeohtob

}bw{d/ Eodze{bgnd`do{d }edosl6 —ds{l nd stcdkd b {lkl dn `tokl cbkb `bòbob‚/ Ol så se bnhtob zdv

nds ab }bsbkl b ts{dkds. }dwl ctbokl nndhb nb olcad. nndhbo {b`geåo dsbs alwbs do klokd ol sd

sl}lw{b tol es`l oe b obked. tob olcad rtd ol tdzd b obkb do st ndo{l bnds{bw kd lnzekl.

37



fts{l do dsb olcad sd bkzedw{d rtd zedod kd otdzl to kdslnbkl ftdzds/

Kd }wlo{l tol sd kb ctdo{b rtd l{wb zdv ds kd `bòbob/ L{wb zdv ds ftdzds/ Tob wesb `d

kds}lfb kd e `âscbwb/ Dsd. e }drtdòl `los{wtl. ds{â brtà l{wb zdv cl`l to atås}dk jefl/ Do dn

sendocel b}bhb nbs ntcds. }tdkd zåwsdnd sbnew kdn stdòl. sed`}wd ds{â baà. abge{bokl to ds}bcel cbse

ewwdbn b to nbkl kd à/ ]tdkd zåwsdnd ctbokl bnwdkdklw ol abu obked. stfd{b e `bol ctbokl `âs sd

kdfb zdw6 do nb `bòbob. ctbokl nb zes{b ztdnzd ndo{b`do{d b nb wdbnekbk. ctbokl nb zes{b ds{â `âs

sdosegnd. b}lubkl b nb zdo{bob. ds}dwbokl sbnew dn sln bn dsctcabw bnhöo sloekl. bnhöo }lwrtå. ztdnzd

nb ewbkb. gtscb e `bol do dn bewd ctbokl kds}edw{b seo }wdhto{bw obkb e }drtdòl `los{wtl/

Do{locds. `d kd{dohl do ds{d zbcàl eosls{doegnd. do `dkel kd ds{d edkl b nb zekb. }tds. rteåo ol

nl ab sdo{ekl do dsls ön{e ls ceocl eot{ls. bo{ds kd rtd dn edkl cbehb }lw nls gwbvls. dsd edkl

b wds}ewbw. edkl b kds}dw{bw b nb e{bk kd nb olcad ctbokl sd {edodo }dosb edo{ls {bo gbfls u

}dwzdwsls rtd sd kdszbodcdo do tob wâjbhb kd cbls eo{dw eobgnd. klokd tol sd ztdnzd to boe bn`los{wtlsl… do dsd }to{l klokd tol sd }wdhto{b clo kdsglwkbo{d odcdkbk6 ¼kd kóokd }wlzedod.

klokd obceó. rteåo nl cwdl. ds to klo l to cbs{ehl< @d }wdhto{l l ols }wdhto{b`ls. ctds{eóo rtd

b {lkls ols ab }bsbkl. }tds ol så se bnhtob zdv nd ab }bsbkl b ts{dkds l b {lkls ols }bsb ctbokl

doclo{wb`ls bn }drtdòl `los{wtl rtd sónl sd kds}edw{b clo nb nntzeb/ Dsd }drtdòl }dosb edo{l

}dwzdwsl rtd dqes{d {wbortenb`do{d do tob }wdhto{b6 ¼Rtå }bsbwàb se jtåwb`ls dn }wlktc{l kd dsd

}we dw }dosb edo{l rtd otds{wb `bkwd {tzl do dn `l`do{l kd sbgdw rtd obcdwàb`ls. rtd to kàb

zdokwàb`ls bn `tokl< Ds{d }we dw }dosb edo{l `b{dwobn rtd }tkl abgdw sekl tol kd dsls

}dosb edo{ls kdslnbkls. to es{dwel. tob wdsehobceóo jboâ{ecb. tob ewbkb bn cednl. to dcl. to }do-

sb edo{l olgnd. hwbzd. stecekb. kdsbs{wlsl. sbnzbfd d eojb`d. to kdsdl. tob slowesb. ktkb. bnezel. nb

ctwb kd {lkls nls `bnds. to sendocel. to nb`do{l. bòlwbovb cwtdn. to stdòl. l se`}nd`do{d… obkb/

Obked. oe ts{dkds oe ul. ds}dwb fts{ejecbw dn wds{l kd nb zekb do to ftdzds. obked ds}dwb rtd to

}dosb edo{l sdb nb docbwobceóo kd cbkb tol kd olsl{wls. dsd }weoce}el. dsb }we dwb }wl`dsb.

ftecel. cwe do. cbs{ehl. ktnvtwb. }edkbk. wdctdwkl. dsd }drtdòl `los{wtl rtd abcd rtevâ kd e nl

rtd slu. {bn zdv tob adwekb. tob `do{ewb do nb `bkwthbkb. jdnecekbk kd to ftdzds. hwbceb eo`bctnbkb

rtd {dw eob bn nndhbw nb olcad. {bn zdv ol nl sdb. }dwl. zedod. zdokwâ ctbn boe bn zlwbv rtd sdbne do{b clo }bcedoceb kd es do{wbòbs. brtà ds{â l{wb zdv kdskd abcd alwbs. cl`l to sls}dcalsl

rtd do{wb }lw nb }tdw{b. cl`l rtesedwb rtd nndhbwb bnhtob zdv {bwkd. }dwl. ol cl`d{d sd`dfbo{d

dwwlw. e }drtdòl `los{wtl. gdnnl u dq{wbzbhbo{d/ ¢Rtå sdwàb kd à seo nb eocdw{ekt`gwd kd ol

sbgdw6 ctân ds {t ol`gwd. ctân ds {t }edn. {t `âscbwb…" Nl rtd `d wdclojlw{b ds rtd ol ds{b`ls {bo

slnls/ [ö e doeh`b. e }drtdòl los{wtl. rtd b zdcds }bwdcd cl`l se {lkls nl clolceåwb`ls.

@e }drtdòl `los{wtl

33



F/ @/ Jbnb`bwl

}dwl. ol så se bnhtob zdv nds ab }bsbkl b ts{dkds. se bnhtob zdv nl abo wlvbkl. dq{wbzebkl l }dwkekl

do nls bclwkds cl{ekebols/

Dn kàb rtd nl clolcà. clo tob `dvcnb kd ds{t}lw. do dsd clojào kd bohts{eb. dsd }wdce}ecel

kd nb }lgwd zekb. sd }wdsdo{b kd }wlo{l. ctbokl tol sd bndfb kdn }wdsdo{d d eoctwselob abceb dn }bsb-

kl/ Tob olcad bo{ds kd klw ew klokd ol sd cwdd do obkb. tob ehbfb. ewbkb zlwbv cl`l to stdòl

bgedw{l bn glwkd kd nb obkb/ Do dsb glwwbscb nl doclo{wå. kescwd{l clo nb ewbkb lctn{b/ Dn kàb rtd

nl doclo{wå. zeol b à docdwwbkl. doztdn{l do{wd }bs{bs kd clnlw b{bkl clo to nes{óo nenb. do{wd cedo-

{ls kd alfbs obzdhbokl/ ¢E`bhàob{d" E`bheob ctbokl doclo{wå/

@e }drtdòl los{wtl. e }drtdòl }dosb edo{l jtd kdsctgedw{l. cl`l to bn b {wes{d. slnb

do dn bngb. to }dosb edo{l klokd tol sed`}wd jtd to oeòl `tdw{l. `tdw{l kd b`lw. `tdw{l kd

edkl. seo cednl. rtd hwbcebs b tobs }âheobs klokd ol`gwbo b tob `tfdw kd`lwbkb rtd wdezeokecó

st {wes{dvb. rtd wdzdnb to ndzd wbshl jb enebw6 nb {dwwegnd lcbseóo kd obcdw. kds}lfbkl dn }drtdòl`los{wtl do es nbgels kd {egeb bohts{eb. {d`gnbokl. kdfâokl`d do to hwe{l kd bsl`gwl. rtd ul ol

slu dsd… ol dwb dsd. to }dosb`edo{l rtd sd }edosb u rtd ol }tdkl lnzekbw/ Balwb }tdkds zdoew b

wdcnb`bw d. }drtdòl `los{wtl. ub rtd ad closdwzbkl eo{bc{l dsd }dosb edo{l kd tob `tfdw rtd

wdclolceó st atekb6

77 kdbhls{l kd255=

„…ftdzds. kedv {wdeo{b u ctb{wl kd nb `bòbob. rtå kàb {bo nbwhl. rtå abcdw clo {lkl ds{d cbosbocel @…. rtesedwb

kdscbosbw kd e s lkels. ol {dohl b klokd ew. }lw rtå ol kdsb}bwdcdw bnhtobs alwbs u kdfbw kd }dosbw/ D scb}bw kd nb

zdwkbk. kdn klnlw. kdfbw kd b`bw. }tds abs{b budw ol abgàb obkb. alu nl ad clojew`bkl. abcd tols `l`do{ls. {dokwå

to aefl l aefb. tob ol{eceb klokd tob sd sedo{d `âs slnb do dn `tokl/ Seo }wd{dq{ls… seo wdoclwds/ Klokd tob ol sd

b}ebkb oe kd tob `es`b/ Rtå zdokwâ kds}tås. rtå zdokwâ kds}tås…‐

Nb atekb. nb ztdn{b b nb ctn}b. b nbs `bv`lwwbs kdn clwbvóo. klokd ol abu obkb. otocb nl atgl/ [d

doclo{wå. e }drtdòl `los{wtl. cl`l to }dosb edo{l slgwel kd ftdzds/ Ol. obked `d nl }tdkd

rte{bw. rteåo rtdwwâ rte{bw`d nl eocedw{l. dsd }drtdòl bgstwkl u jbnbv kd6 —¼rtå kd`loels abcdw to

ftdzds }lw nb `bòbob<‚/ Rtevâ dn ftdzds oe ul dqes{e`ls u sónl sl`ls dn eozdo{l kd to stdòl rtd

zeol kd to nthbw rtd ds{â kd lnzekl u. rtd bn jeobn. {ö {dokwâs wbvóo clokdoâokl`d/ Se bnhtob zdv {dab }bsbkl. abgnb. clo to sdw óo rtd b{twkb. tobs }bnbgwbs rtd abhbo kbòl. rtd kehbo rtd do wdbne-

kbk ol abu `los{wtl. rtd {lkl ds{l ds to jwbcbsl. tob adwekb bgstwkb rtd ol zbnd nb }dob. }dwl…

ub nndhb nb olcad kd à. kd otds{wl ftdzds rtd {wbd jthbv`do{d e }drtdòl `los{wtl. edo{wbs

cedwwl dn zdo{bobn rtd bwwbs{wb dn sln/ @edo{wbs gtscl to neclw rtd b{twkb. do nb ds}dwb eo{dw eobgnd

kd l{wl ftdzds/

3;



Ctbokl clolcà b ]b{weceb. dnnb {doàb ;7 bòls/ Tob `tfdw kd gbfb ds{b{twb. {dv `lwdob. lflshwbokds. rtd }bwdcàbo bhwbokbwsd âs ctbokl d ewbgbo/

Do{wó bn clostn{lwel sehenlsb`do{d/ Clo {d`lw. }lw st}tds{l/ Kel to wdclwwekl

zestbn b {lkl dn ds}bcel bo{ds kd do{wbw }lw cl`}nd{l/ @ewó bn klc{lw. rtedo nd }ekeó do to {lol

b}wdstwbkl rtd do{wbwb/

]b{weceb sd sdo{ó ndo{b`do{d do nb sennb rtd rtdkbgb jwdo{d bn dscwe{lwel u b to cls{bkl kd e

nthbw kd lgsdwzbceóo/ Ds{b zdv ol cdo{wbgb st b{doceóo do st `åkecl. oe do st {dnåjlol cdntnbw rtd

sed`}wd eo{dwwt`}àb sts clostn{bs/ @d ewbgb sls}dcalsb`do{d. sónl b à/

Dn klc{lw kel to zes{bvl wâ}ekl bn dq}dkedo{d kd st }bcedo{d. u d`}dvbwlo nbs }wdhto{bs kd

wt{eob6 ¼Có`l sd ab sdo{ekl< ¼Rtå {bn zb st bosedkbk< ¼Ub ol sedo{d rtd nb }dwsehtdo< ¼Ds{â {l`bo-

kl dn dkecb`do{l cl`l sd nl eokertå< ¼Sd ab sdo{ekl gedo clo ån<

Dnnb sónl sd ne e{bgb b clo{ds{bw clo `lolsànbgls/ U dn klc{lw ol{bgb rtd kds}tås kd cbkb

wds}tds{b. `d ewbgb clo dsb es`b kdsclojebovb clo nb rtd eohwdsó bn clostn{lwel. }lw nl rtd ke-

fl6 —Ol sd }wdlct}d }lw dnnb. ]b{weceb/ Ds tob kd `es ds{tkebo{ds. dnnb ds{â }wd}bwbkb }bwb dsctcabwnb

u sbgd kd st se{tbceóo‚/

Rtesd slowdàwnd. }dwl ol{å rtd dnnb jwtoceó dn cdòl ctbokl zln{dó b zdw d/Jtd to dwwlw `tu hwbokd }bwb to }serteb{wb dq}dwe do{bkl. kdcewnd b st }bcedo{d clo }bwb-

oleb —…u sbgd kd st se{tbceóo‚/ ]bwb ]b{weceb wd}wdsdo{bgb {lkb tob b`dobvb sbgdw rtd tob }dwjdc-

{b kdsclolcekb ds{bgb do{dwbkb kd brtdnnbs clsbs rtd abgàb lctn{bkl cdnlsb`do{d do nls weoclods kd

st do{d. kd st eocloscedo{d/

St wds}ewbceóo sd jtd bcdndwbokl. bgwàb cbkb zdv `âs nls lfls. ub cbse ol }bw}bkdbgb. cl`l

rtdwedokl ol }dwkdw kd{bnnd kd es `lze edo{ls. kd es ol{bs ds}lwâkecbs/

]b{weceb zezàb clo edkl kdskd abcàb zbwels bòls/ Zezàb sónl clo st adw bob do to }drtdòl

kd}bw{b`do{l. dwb btqenebw clo{bgnd. }lw nl rtd nb `bulw }bw{d kdn {ed`}l {wbgbfbgb slnb/ To kàb d -

}dvó b {dodw nb sdosbceóo kd rtd bnhtedo nb sdhtàb. kd rtd bnhtedo rtdwàb abcdwnd kbòl/ D`}dvó b

kdsclojebw kd cbse {lkb nb hdo{d rtd nd wlkdbgb/ @ewbgb }lw doce b kd st al`gwl. kd wdlfl. b {lkls

nls rtd }bsbgbo b st nbkl/ Ol abgnbgb clo obked/ Ctbokl nndhbgb b cbsb cdwwbgb {lkbs nbs clw{eobs.

zdo{bobs. }tdw{bs/ [d àb rtd bnhtedo nb atgedwb sdhtekl abs{b st cbsb d eo{do{bwb kbòbwnb/

]lw Bobek Zbnndfl Lwktòb

DQ]DKEDO[D 35=

34



Bobek Zbnndfl Lwktòb

Otocb st}l kdscwegew clo cdw{dvb b rtå nd {d àb/ Sónl st}l rtd sdo{àb to edkl

eokdscejwbgnd/

Nndhó bn }bwdkóo kd twhdocebs kdn âwdb }serteâ{wecb dn kàb rtd nd kefl b st adw`bob6 —¼Ol

dsctcabs dsl< Nbs zlcds rtd hwe{bo u `d kecdo rtd clwwb…‚

Nndzbgb âs kd 3 bòls do {wb{b edo{l/

Bnhl sd rtdgwó do st `do{d do bnhöo `l`do{l/ Tob `tfdw {bo slnb. rtd otocb sd lct}ó kd

jlw bw tob jb eneb. rtd {wbgbfó do to wdclzdcl kd nb ljeceob kd st fdjd ktwbo{d bòls. nd kel dn

{ed`}l stjecedo{d b st do{d }bwb dnbglwbw {lkls sts edkls/

Nb }bwboleb e }ekd bn }bcedo{d clojebw do bnhtedo/ B zdcds. kdsclojàbo kd dnnls es`ls/ Ol

}wl}lwcelobo oeohöo {e}l kd eojlw bceóo }dwslobn }lw `tu odcdsbwel rtd sdb/ [edodo edkl kd

{lkl. kd {lkls/ U do{locds. bnhl rtd kdgàb sdw jtocelobn cl`l nl ds nb d`lceóo kdn edkl. rtd ols

}wdzedod kdn }dnehwl. sd clozedw{d do bnhl }b{lnóhecl. eoclo{wlnbgnd. }bwbnevbo{d/Nbs lfdwbs kd ]b{weceb ol dwbo hwb{te{bs. nbs abgàb hbobkl clo cbkb olcad rtd ol ktw eó

}dosbokl do nl sls}dcalsl rtd sd zdàb dn {dokdwl. nb sdòlwb kd nbs jnlwds. dn aefl kd nls zdceols. st

}wl}eb adw`bob. nb `tfdw rtd nb `ewbgb {lkbs nbs `bòbobs do dn ds}dfl…

Dsb `bòbob. ]b{weceb abgàb {doekl {lkl to nlhwl/ Sdhöo kefl. abgàb nndhbkl bn als}e{bn seo st

adw bob/ Dnnl atgedwb wd}wdsdo{bkl {lkl to wd{l bòls b{wâs/

]dwl rtevâ dn rtedgwd }secó{ecl rtd ]b{weceb {tzl {wds bòls bo{ds. sd atgedwb dze{bkl kd abgdw

b{dokekl sts edkls ewwbcelobnds abceb nb `thwd l se bnhtedo atgedwb ol{bkl st `boàb }lw ne }ebw

{lkl/

]b{weceb {l`b bo{e}secó{ecls. }dwl sedo{d rtd ab hbobkl }dsl u d`}edvb b ol{bw l{wls cb`gels

do st ctdw}l/ Dn klc{lw balwb nd wdcd{b bo{ekd}wdsezls u nd }ekd rtd ol kdfd nb {dwb}eb }seclnóhecb/

Dnnb bsedo{d. }dwl bhbcab nb ewbkb clo sts}ecbceb/ Cwdd rtd ds{â dohbòbokl otdzb`do{d bn `åkecl/

Sbneó kdn clostn{lwel. ol seo bo{ds ewbw d clo dsls lfls }dod{wbo{ds rtd kdsclojebwlo kd à {lkl

dn {ed`}l/ Ol sd kds}ekd u cb eob wâ}ekb`do{d/

St `åkecl `d kecd6 —Ab }bsbkl kd sdw tob obwceses{b. b tob jógecb lgsdsezb/ Clo st }bwboleb

ab nndhbkl b {lcbw nb }seclses u balwb nl rtd `dols odcdse{b ds clozdw{ewsd do ae}lclokwebcb‚/ Ol }tkd dze{bw sdhtewnb seo rtd nl ol{bwb/ St}lohl rtd dwb e eo{do{l kd kdzlnzdwnb b nb wdbne-

kbk/ St jlgeb nb `bo{doàb do dn `tokl wdbn. }dwl st ds{bkl bc{tbn nb bndfbgb }lw cl`}nd{l kd ån/

Rtdwàb kbwnd to `l{ezl wdbn }bwb {d`dw. rtdwàb rtd seo{edwb e wds}ewbceóo cdwcb kd st otcb. es

}eds }esâoklnd nls {bnlods/ Rtdwàb rtd dn }wóqe l `ds nndhbwb bn clostn{lwel clo `l{ezls wdbnds. clo

tob bosedkbk jtokb`do{bkb. clo tob aes{lweb rtd clo{bwnd bn åkecl/

3:



Nb bncbocå fts{l do nb do{wbkb kdn als}e{bn/ Dq{dokà e `bol }bwb {l`bwnb kdn gwbvl. }dwl

sónl bncbocå b wlvbwnb }lwrtd bn eos{bo{d aevl to `lze edo{l gwtscl rtd `d lgnehó b kbw to }bsl

b{wâs/ Nl rtd ze `d nndzó b st dscdobwel/ Sts lfls ds{bgbo kdslwge{bkls. stkbgb jwàl. wds}ewbgb

atokedokl }wljtokb`do{d dn }dcal u {d`gnbgb boselsb`do{d/ Ol kefl }bnbgwb bnhtob/ U do{locds

st}d rtd abgàb nlhwbkl e lgfd{ezl/

Dsl ds dn edkl wbcelobn. dn rtd bndw{b bn eokezektl }bwb dze{bw bnhl b`dobvbo{d/ Brtdn rtd

}bwbnevb ds dn edkl ewwbcelobn/ U jtd dn rtd ul sdo{à ctbokl ]b{u `d ewó bn nndhbw. ctbokl ol }tkd

slowdàwnd. ctbokl ewbgb es ol{bs. ctbokl sd jtd. ctbokl nb sdhtà/

Ds{ö}ekb`do{d nd }wdhto{å se abgàb {l`bkl nb wdcd{b kdn dscwe{lwel/ Seo kdfbw kd ewbw d. dnnb

bgweó tol kd sts }tòls u d nb ls{wó bwwthbkb/

Wdhwdså bn als}e{bn u `d kd{tzd do nb cbjd{dwàb/ Ctbokl }bhbgb. tob `tfdw flzdo `d ewó u

kefl6 —Kesctn}d. ¼sbgd kóokd ds{â Clostn{b dq{dwob kd ]serteb{wàb<‚/ ¼]lw rtå `d }wdhto{bgb b `à<

Ol e`}lw{bgb/ U do{locds nd kefd6 —Sà. zb`ls/ Ul {b`geåo zlu }bwb bnnâ‚/

Dq}dkedo{d 35=

38



Dozàb {ts {dq{ls u så }bw{d kd ds{b }tgnecbceóo do nàodb/ ]tdkds }bw{ece}bw

do ctbnrtedwb kd nbs sdccelods6

- Dozàb to bw{àctnl u,l dosbul lweheobn do jlw`b{l Xlwk rtd hewd do

{lwol bn {d`b kd cbkb `ds/ Ol kdgd wdgbsbw nbs 2= ctbw{ennbs/ Do

cbsl kd eocntew ce{bs {dq{tbnds. ol lnzekbw clnlcbw nb wdjdwdoceb

gegnelhwâjecb/

[d`b kd keced`gwd6 nb `ösecb u dn `tokl/

- Nb Hbndwàb. `bokbokl nb e`bhdo kd tob lgwb }nâs{ecb l jl{lhwbjàbclo {d`â{ecb negwd/ Sd kdgdwâ eocntew tob jecab clo dn ol`gwd kdn bw{es-

{b. dn {à{tnl kd nb lgwb u nb eojlw`bceóo {åcoecb kd nb `es`b /

- Cwdbceóo. cl`}bw{edokl to dscwe{l kd cwdbceóo bw{às{ecb do ctbnrtedw

håodwl ne{dwbwel do jlw`b{l Xlwk clo to `âqe`l kd 2= ctbw{ennbs/ Do

cbsl kd rtdwdw }tgnecbw bnhtob lgwb kd `bulw dq{doseóo. dozebw to

jwbh`do{l fto{l clo tob kewdcceóo dndc{wóoecb do klokd sd }tdkb nddw

ào{dhwb/

[lkls nls `b{dwebnds kdgdwâo sdw dozebkls b `âs {bwkbw dn 71 kd olzed`-

gwd kd 7=22 b nb sehtedo{d kewdcceóo6

nb}nt`bdonb}edkwbMh`ben/cl`

Fto{l clo nls klct`do{ls dozebkls. nls bt{lwds kdgdwâo bodqbw tob wdsd-

òb gelhwâjecb rtd ol wdgbsd nbs 4 nàodbs/ Do cbsl kd clo{bw clo to se{el xdg

do klokd sd }tdkb clolcdw `âs bcdwcb kd nbs lgwbs kdn bt{lw. ol lnzekbw

eocntew nb kewdcceóo dndc{wóoecb/

Bsà `es`l }tdkds kejtokew dn dzdo{l. se{el xdg l ctbnrtedw eojlw`bceóo rtd

kdsdds cl`}bw{ew clo otds{wls ndc{lwds/

Nb }nt`b do nb }edkwb

¢Ds}dwb {t wdzes{b

jbzlwe{b dn }we`dw ntods

kd cbkb `ds"

Nb }nt`b do nb }edkwbOl/ 4. keced`gwd 7=22

„Nb `ösecb u dn

`tokl‐ ¢Clostn{b nb

clozlcb{lweb u }bw{ece}b

¢Sd bcbgb. sd bcbgb" Do dodwl kd 7=276 ¢dn j eo kdn `tokl"

Zeselods u zdwselods kdn B}lcbne}ses

35



` b o e j d s { b c e ó o k d n l r t d s d c l o l c d c l ` l }

â

o

e

c

l

/

B n h t e d o ` d k e f l k d s } t å s

no. 4 - miedo, angustia y temor - noviembre 2011

Documents