muybueno presentation

8/3/2019 Muybueno Presentation

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TheContributionsofNanoparticles

toChemical

Engineering

nd Food

Industry

ChrisMendez

GilbertoMcKenzie

KennyMoore

http://www.australiantropicalfoods.com/wpcontent/uploads/foodprocessing.jpg


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Processing

Heat/Mass Transfer

anosca e eact on ng neer ng

NanobiotechnologyMolecular Synthesis


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Heat/MassTransfer

Heat

is

transferred

from

product.

Rateofincreaseofproduct

transfercoefficient

between

heatingmediumandthe

Heatfromtheliquidpartof

theproduct

is

transferred

to

Imagesource:

http://www.anl.gov/Media_Center/News

/2004/nanofluidsbig.html37 Y.H. Hui,2006


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Nano u s w t ncrease eat

transferratescanmakeheatexchange

systems

ma er

Lighter

Reducetheamountofenergy

andheat

transfer

fluid

required

forthesystemoperation

resultsinareductionofthermal

conductivitiesfor

nanostructured

materials

Fig. 1.Temperature variation of average phonon intrinsi

mean free path

Occursduringthermaltransport

propertiesofnanostructured materials

and

rain

boundar

scatterin

37 Y.H. Hui,2006


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Heat/Mass

Transfer

Reducedthermalconductivityof

increasingthermaltransportratesin

fluidsby suspendingnanocrystalline

Nanofluids

Exhibitsubstantiall increased

thermalconductivities

Fig. Solids SuspensionImageSource:

http://www.cbd.int/convention/convention.shtml

37 Y.H.Hui,2006


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Nanoscale

Reaction

Engineering

Sizeconstraintsareoftenresponsiblefor

qualitatively

behavior

of

materials

Qualitativelynewmodesofelectricalcurrentandheattransportcanariseifthenanoscalestructureissmallerthanthe

characteristic

length

scale

for

scattering

of

electronsorphonons

u s an a c anges a ep acean a ec thefollowingpropertieswhenthesizeis

comparable

to

the

particle

size:Themodynamic properties

Interfacephenomena

PhasetransitionsImageSource:

http://www.gizmag.com/pictures

/hero//lithium_sulfur_batteries_s

tructurejpg.jpg

37 Y.H. Hui,2006


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Nanoscale

Reaction

Engineering

Manufacturingofnanomaterialswithpredeterminedunct ona ty sasequenceo

macroscale processes

combinedwiththemircroscalecontrolandenergydelivery

Fig. Nanoscale Architectural Engineering for High

Performance Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Imagesource:

http://www.me.caltech.edu/research/index.html5 Z.Hu,et.al,2009


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Nanoscale

Reaction

Engineering

Tominimizeelectrochemicalreaction

andfoulingoccurrenceduringfood

alongwithcarbonnanotubes

Carbonnanotubes

owe ectont esur aceenergy

Nanoscaleroughnesson

electrochemicalreactions

Nucleationoffoulants

Fig.TypesofCarbonNanotubes

http://coecs.ou.edu/Brian.P.Grady/images/nanotube.jpg 5 Z.Hu,et.al,2009


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Currentnanobiotechnological

researchinvolves

nanospheres coated

w uorescen po ymers

Reaseachers areseekingtodesign

quenchedwhen

they

encounter

specificmolecules

Differentpolymerswoulddetect

Malignobjectscanbedetectedand

removedonce

detected

from

the

foodproductsF g.Nano otec no ogy Processes

ImageSource:http://fctech.blogspot.com/

2009_05_01_archive.html

25 M.Awara,2007


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Nanobiotechnology

sectortargetstheselectionandimprovementofmicroorganisms

Processcontrol Yield Efficiency

SafetyConsistencyofbioprocessedproducts

Nanobiotechnology wouldbeprimarilyusedinfoodfermentation

Microbialcultures

can

be

Fig.ApplicationofNanobiotechnology

Imagesource:

http://www.onlineweblibrary.com/blog/?p=288

molecularapproaches

34 Biotechnologyapplications,2004


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Nanobiotechnology

Foodprocessingindustryisthelargest

consumerofindustrialenzymes

Futureapplicationofnanobiotechnology will

involveenzymeengineering

Changing

the

primary

structure

of

an

enzyme

Changesmayaltertargetspecificity

Acidiccondition

Thermostability

Fig.Energyefficiencyinfood

breakdownwithandwithoutenzymesz

makeenzymestofunctionbestincommercial

foodprocessingsystems

35 R.E.Lyng,2009


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Molecular SynthesisNanostructured materialspromisegreatlyimprovedstructuralpropertiesincomparisonwithconventionalmetal

Forexample

Smalldiameterbundlesofsingle

predicatedand

observed

Theyhavethelargeststrengthtoweightratioofanyknownmaterialwithanelasticmodulus=1Tpa

Whichisabout100timesthatofsteel

and

only

1/6

the

weight

Fig. 1 Carbon Nanotube

Fig.Carbon

nanotube

ImageSource:http://static.guim.co.uk/sys

images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/05/20/nanotu

be.article.jpg

37 Y.H.Hui,2006


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ec ves

industries

industries

Describemethodsto re arenanomaterials

Analyzethe

impacts

of

nanomaterials in

food

nanotechnololgy

Listsafetyissuesoftheuseofnanomaterials

Findsolutions

to

safet

issues

in

food

nanotechnolo


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ApplicationsofNanotechnology

in

Food

IndustriesNanotechnologycanmodifyfoodcontainersanddurability by:

Constructingcontaminationsensors

Implementingantimicrobialpackaging

Improvingfoodstorage

Enhancingnutrient

delivery

Creatinggreenpackaging

Reducingpesticides

Tracking,tracing,

and

protecting

brands

Improvingtexture

Modifyingflavordetection http://lib.bioinfo.pl/app/webroot/img/UserFiles/65944/Image/Figure%

Identifyingandeliminatingbacteria

. .

8 E.Nord


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Contaminationsensors

Nanosensors

expired

Detectbacteriasuchassalmonellaonthesurfaceoffood

ata

packaging

plant

Reducethechanceofcontaminatedfoodreachinggrocerystoreshelves

Detectpesticidesonfruitandvegetables

BiosensorandEfficiency

Identifyspeciesanddetermineconcentrationsof

multiplepathogens (E.coli &Salmonella)in

twohours

Timereductioninassessingthepresence

ofcontamination

Minimizethechanceofthefinalproduct

beingcontaminated

Figure1.Nanosensor

http://www.blogsforcompanies.com/TTimages/nanosensor_for_asthma_detection.jpg

8 E.Nord


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Temperatureandmoisturecontrol

Addingchemicals(salt,sugar,carbon

dioxide

ornatural

acids

Removingoxygen

Metaloxidesmagnesium

oxide

and

zinc

oxide

Silverionsmigrateslowlyandreactwith

SprayCoater

Equipment http://projects.cbe.ab.ca/glendale/sh

barriersforsafetyandshelflifeextensionowcase/fuelingplanet/images/food_packaging_1.jpg

27 A.L. Brody,2008


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Im rovin FoodStora e

Theuseofnanocla s canim rovefood

storage

Nanoclays

permeability

Keepoxygensensitivefoodsfresher

manufacturers

Nanoparticles oflayered mineral

.

BayerPolymersusesnanoclay composite

interiorcoating

for

paperboard

cartons

to

Nylonfoodfilms

http://www.wipak.com/food/readymeal/enGB liddin files 81216326313859034 de

_ _

fault/food29.jpg

8 E.Nord


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Enhancing

Nutrient

DeliveryImplementnanoencapsulates

Takestheprocessofmicro

Improvessolubilityofvitamins,

antioxidants,healthyomegaoil

,

NutrientDelivery

Addnanonutrientparticles

Fullysolubleandinvisibleinwater

andoil

Opensthedoorforpotential

nutraceutical beverages.

www.wheeliewizzard.com/sponsors.html

8 E.Nord


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Creatin GreenPacka in

*1

Greenpackagingisenvironmentallyfriendly

packagingmaterial

which

is

Meetsmarketcriteriaforperformanceandcost

, , ,

andrecycled

using

re

newable energy

Madefrommaterialshealthyinallprobableendoflife scenarios

Designedtooptimizematerialsandenergy

Example

ofGreen

packaging

materialsincludebiode radablebioplastics madefromplantbasedmaterials Imagesource:http://popsop.ru/wp

content/uploads/sainsburysnatureplus_

review.

*1.http://www.itwpackagingsolutions.com/

Portals/27/recycle.jpg8 E.Nord


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ReducingPesticides

Agriculturebenefitsfromnanotechnologywhen

o ssa ura e nano ersarep an e alongwithseeds

Releasingpesticidesandherbicides

unnecessary

Eliminatingchemicalleachinginto

Results:

seasepreven on

Enhancingtheabilityofplantsto

absorbnutrients

n e gurea ove,aco on rea coa e w

theNRL film(A)waswovenintoafabric(B).On

contactwithapesticidesolution,thefabric

developeda

yellow

color

(C)

characteristic

of

g seases

Withstandenvironmentalpressuresandsystemsforprocessing,storageandpackaging

egra a on.www.physorg.com/news4416.html

8 E.Nord


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Tracking,

Tracing

and

Protecting

Brands Imp ementnano arco es n oo pro ucts

orpharmaceuticalproducts

Composed

from

nano

particles

that

conta ns veran go str pes

Varythestripesinwidth,length,and

amount

Formthousandsofcombinations

Ensuresecurityagainstcounterfeiters

Createbarcodesreadonlywitha

modifiedmicroscope

Readatacentrallocationandknown

onlybyafewmembersofthecompany

Figure.Nanobarcodes

Ima esource:

23 R.Roberts

http://www.studybusiness.com/HTML/Bio/images/02008042004BIO01K.jpg


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mprov ng ex ure

withtheuseof Nanoemulsions

nanocrystals lipids

forbetterlowfatfoods

AdvantagesofNanoemulsions

Containvarietyofrheologicalproperties(viscous,plastic,orelasticsolids)

rea e en re y rom oo gra eingredients

Easyto

prepare

W/O/Wsystemsreduceoverallfatcontent(SeeFigure1).

Figure1. Schematicrepresentationofthe

formationofWater/Oil/Wateremulsions.

ImageSource:http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/

28 D.J.McClements,2007


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Nanoparticles areusedtochangeafoodscolor,flavor,smellandnutrient

content.

Allowsforcompletetailoringoffoodtotheconsumerspreferences

Nanocapsules containingflavors andcolorsareaddedtocolorlessdrinks,t enmicrowave tore easet epreferredflavors.

http://www.massbayguides.com/Images/foodDrink%20co

A i itytoa so etectw atingre ientsoneisallergictoandthenblockthatingredient.

py.g

9 G.Miller,2008


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Identifying

and

Eliminating

Bacteria Removecampylobacter

Bacteriacommonandbenignin

Affectedmanycountriesin1990s(SeeFigure1)

Enrich the chicken feed with nano

carbohydrate

particles

that

binds

withthebacterium'ssurfacetoremoveit

Combinenano particleswithsensorstoidentifyandremoveother

bacteria

bacterialdiseaseinhumansFigure1.

ImageSource:

http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no1/images/engbe2b.jpg

8 E.Nord


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FoodProcess

Materials

Nano articles

Nano-emulsions


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Nanoparticles

anothermaterial

Toxictohumantissueandcellculturesintest

tube

studies Essentialingredientsforavarietyofchemical

reactions

Haveeasyaccesstoourbodycells,tissues,andor ans

Structure

Maximumfeaturesizeof100nm

Largesurfaceareaandchemicalreactivity,biologicalactivity,andcatalyticbehavior18

Imagesource:

http://www.nanogloss.com/category/nanoparticle

Chemicalproperties

Oftenalimitingstepinachemicalreaction

Highlyreactiveheterogeneouscatalystsifsize

s/

ecreases

orme a c

nanopar c es 18 G.MillerandR.Senjen,2008

36 Nanoscalematerials


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ver anopar c es

ShapeandPreparation

Preparedbyconfinedarcplasmamethodininertatmosphere

Highpurity

Welldispersed

uas sp er ca s ape

Structure&Size

Sizedistributionrangesfrom5to65nm

Averageparticle

size

of

26

nm

Image source:http://formulafunction.com/images/silver%20thumb.jpg

Specificsurfacearea23.81m2 g(calculatedfromtheBETadsorption

equation)

10 M.Zhou,Z.Wei,et.al,2009


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pp ca ono ver anopar c es

Companiesapplysilvernanoparticles tofood

plasticstoragebags,refrigerators,choppingboard,

,

. .

Functions:

Eliminatebacteriafromanyfoodpreviously

s ore n e ns .e. .co

Coatpackaging

materials

and

inner

surfaces

of

fridgesanddishwashers

ncorporate ntop ast c oo

Increasetheefficacyofcertainnutraceuticals or

healthagents

http://www.gizmodiva.com/entry_images/0608/03/samsung_fridge.jpg

18 G.MillerandR.Senjen,2008


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SilicaNano articles

Properties

, ,

solubleindilutehydrofluoricacid

Puresilicaiscolorlesstowhite

Doesnotabsorbinfraredandultravioletlight

Maybetransportedthroughthetissuesinblood,

lymph,fatsandtransfats

Inorganic

material

and

amorphous

structure ThebondanglesaroundOSiOare109degrees

Applications

Usedasafoodadditive

GenerallyRegardedAsSafebytheFDA(depending

onwhatitismadeof 31

Imagesource:

http://www.semiconductor.net/photo/101/

101522six0011lowk1a.gif

20 S.M.Bennet,200131 Silicondioxide:propertiesandapplications

d l


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TitaniumDioxideNanoparticles

Properties

Anatase,rutile,andbrookite formscrystallineforms Rutile isthemoststableform

Derivedfrom

ilmenite or

leuxocene ores

Highdensity(4g/cm^3),refractiveindex,anddielectricconstant(85) 29

Commonfood

whitener

and

brightener

additive,

usedincheesesandsauces OxygenSensor:sensetheamountofreducing

spec espresen nana mosp ere AntimicrobialCoatings:itsphotocatalyticactivity

resultsinthincoatingsexhibitingdisinfectingproperties

under

UV

radiation Imagesource:

Antiripeningagentinfruitsandvegetables;breaksdownethylenegas

Possiblycarcinogenictohumansifinhaled18

. . _

\Ti/O2Ti113463677.jpg

29 Titaniumdioxide,200218 G.MillerandR.Senjen,2008


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Zinc Oxide Nano articles

PhysicalProperties

CrystalStructure:Hexagonalwurtzite

Mostlystableat298K

Bondingbetweenatomsislargelyionic

Strongpiezoelectricity

Anti acteria an UVprotectionproperties

Highrefractiveindex

ro uct ono n

Zincores

are

reduced

by

heating

with

a

carbon

additive

Applications

Added into various roducts:

Plastics,ceramics,glass,cement,rubber,lubricants

ProtectsrubberfromfungiandUVlight

http://www.nanophase.com/UserFiles/image/Pla

stics%20%20bottles.jpg

Inhibitspathogens

(E.

Coli)

in

food

packaging 19 J.Byrne,2009

21 Z.L.Wang,2004

I N ti l


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Iron Nano articles

Physical

Properties Highreactivitywithwaterandoxygen

g sur aceareame a nanos ruc ureparticle

Scaletypicallyof2040nm33

Arrangeintwostablecrystalstructures

FCC(austenite):stablebetweenBCCtemperatures

BCC

(ferrite):

stable

at

temperature

of

1,665Kor

above

at

1,184K

30

repara on

Decomposingironpentacarbonyl

Requireenergy

in

the

form

of

heat,

an

,andremovalofcarbonmonoxide26

.

producedthroughthe

sonochemical decompositionofiron

pentacarbonyl.

33 IronNanoparticles

30Structures

of

iron

and

steel

26 C.E.Marshman,K.P.Velikov,2009


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ApplicationsofIronNanoparticles

Addedtobeveragessuchas

juices,tea,&chocolatemilk

Addedtofooddirectly

Disadvantages/Issues:Colorand

offflavorproductioninthe

presenceof

oxygen,

light,

and

hightemperature.

https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0506/5aee38232


l


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Nanoemulsions

Characteristics

Groupofdispersedparticles

Definedasoilinwateremulsions

Averagedroplet

size

is

between

100

500

nm

Madefromsurfactants

Highersurfaceareaandfreeenergythan

Nontoxic

and

non

irritant

Formulatedasfoams,creams, liquids,andsprays

Broadspectrumactivityagainstbacteria(e.g.Salmonella),envelopedviruses(e.g.,HIV),fungi(e.g.,Dermatophytes),and

22

http://www.pharmainfo.net/pharmastudent

magazine/nanoemulsions0

. ., .

22 P.V. Kamat,2008

13 A.K.Singh,2008

P i f N l i


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Pre arationofNanoemulsions

Highpressurehomogenization

Producenanoemulsions of

article

size

upto1nm

Dispersionofoilyphaseandaqueousphaseforcedthroughasmallorificeat500to5000

Applyintense

turbulence

and

hydraulic

shear

togetfineparticlesofemulsion.

Microfluidization

Highpressurepositivedisplacementpump

(500to

20000psi) Imagesource:

orces epro uc roug m croc anne s

Fineparticlesareproduced

Bulkemulsiongoesthroughafilterundernitro entoremovelar edro lets

. .

sArticle/001077.jpg

22 P.V.Kamat,2008


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Nanocomposites

Itsphasesmayhaveone,two,orthreedimensionsoflessthan100nanometers

Have

three

main

components Matrix:supportsthereinforcementand

impartsphysicalandmechanicalproperties

Reinforcement

Interfacial

regions:

communicates

betweenthematrixandreinforcementwithbehaviorthatcontrolsthe

Extremelyhighsurfacetovolumeratio(750m2/g

Hi hl reactive

Composedofdifferentcompositionsforvariouspurposes

Usedforfoodpackagingpurposes

http://www.nrccnrc.gc.ca/obj/nrc

cnrc/images/photos/200307pnc_te2_e.jpg

27 A.L.Brody,2008

P l Cl N it


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Pol merCla Nanocom osites

Plasticsthathomo enousl dis erseasmall

percentageofnanoclay particles

Agglomeratedbundlesintheirnaturalstate

boundbyVander Waalsforces

Examples:Silicatesarelayeredtoathickness

ofapproximatelyonenanometer,forming

stackswithinterlayergaps,knownas

Donotinterferewithtransparencyofpackaging

materials

.

nanoparticles (darksheetsshownembedded

inthepolymerfilm).

Imagesource:

Nanometerlengthscaleminimizeslight

scattering

Decreaseenvironmentalwaste

. .

416196C2187DB0F711AD/0/1007packaging.pdf

Naturalbio

based

polymers

27 A.L.Brody,2008


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Products

Deliver

Formulation


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anopar c e u r en e very

Delivervitaminsandnutrientstothe

body

throughthestomachintothe

bloodstreamviadiffusionthrough

intestinalwall

Currentresearch

shows

potential

for

vitaminregulationviananosenors

detectvitaminandnutrientlevels

withinthebody.

Releasenanoca sules withnutrients onlywhenthereisadeficiencyinthe

body.

. .

thesmallstuff/

6 NanotechnologyintheFoodIndustry


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Nanoparticles andAgriculture

Newtechnologyenablesananosized

treatmentoffoodcrops

Nanoca sules containin esticidesreleasepesticideonlywheninsects

digestit

Prevents contamination of cro s

by

not

being

absorbed

by

the

plant

aplantisdeficientinnutrientsto

dispensers

, ,

andnutrientstotheindividualplant,

optimizingcropgrowthonawhole.

. .

9 G.Miller,2008


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NanogeneticManipulation

Newtechnologyenablesmanipulationof

thegeneticsofplantsandcropsusing

nanoparticles,

nanofibers and

nanocapsules.

Nanoparticles deliverforeignDNAand

chemicalstotheplantcell.

Carry

more

genes

and

chemicals

that

triggergeneexpressionthanprevious

methodssuchasviralvectors.

Effectivelyoffersgreatercontroloverthe

releaseofDNAatatargetreleasesite.

optimizationofcropsforcolor,taste,and

nutrients.http://www.celsias.com/media/uploads/ad

min/corn_field.jpg

9 G.Miller,2008


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Flavour Detection

tastebudthatperceiveaflavor

Recognizeoneofthefivemainflavors

bitter,

salty,

sweet,

sour

and

umami Employnanosensors inproductstodetecta

personsindividualprofile

Developcompoundscalledbitterblockers

pec a ze mo ecu est attr c t e

tongueinto

not

tasting

the

bitterness

naturallyinherentinfoods

UseNanospheres

Hydrophobic

Maskunwanted

taste

by

preventing

Figure1.Nanospheres (blue)containinganactiveingredient(purple)are

encapsulatedwithotheringredientssuchasflavours withinamicrosphere

(yellow).Uponexposuretowater themicrospherereleasesitscontents,

andover

an

extended

period

of

time

the

nanospheres release

the

encapsulatedactiveingredientviamoleculardiffusion.

n erac on e ween eac vemo ecu eandtheoralmucosalsurface

ImageSource:http://www.foodtechinternational.com/papers/

images/applicationnano/fig1lge.jpg

1 A.Shefer,2005


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Greatl im rove ualit safet and

shelflifeoffood.

Useofnanosenors infoodpackaging

can be used to detect differentorganismswithinthefood.

Smalldivingboardnanocantilevers

frequencies

when

contaminants

stick

tothem,suchasE.Coli.

acontaminant,theybendandtheir

electricalresistancechanges.

,

caneasilydetectthepresenceof

contaminantsatamuchcheaperand

more efficient manner than

laboratorytesting. http://www.microsystem.re.kr/data/tech/bashirnanocant.jpg

14 B.V.Goethem,2008


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Anotheruseofthenanocantilevers

arewithcalorimetricliddevices.

Flexible

lid

on

top

of

tiny

box

contains

markermoleculesthatproduce

visiblecolors.

Anor anismbindstothelid,o ensit,

andreleasesacolorspecifictothat

organism.

Allowsforeas identificationof

compositionoffoodproductandhow

itchangesduringitsshelflife.

effectivethanlaboratorytestingsince

ithastheabilitytorelayinformation

onlocation.

http://nextbigfuture.com

14 B.V.Goethem,2008


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-

Artificialequivalenttoanappleswax

coating.

Invisible

and

edible

coating

as

thin

as

5nm.

Usedonwidevarietyoffood

includin meats,cheeses,fruitsand

vegetables,bakerygoodsandfast

food.

Allowsfor rotectiona ainst

moistureandgasexchange.

Allowsfordeliveryofflavors,colors,

browningagents.http://jcarrot.org/wpcontent/uploads/cheese.gif



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ano- a n

Tec no og ca a vancement nt e

deliveryoffood

Nanoenabledradiofrequency

identificationtags

(RFID)

are

small,

flexibleandcanbeprintedonthin

labels

Allowsfornearlyinvisibletagsand

thereforelowering

production

costs

Barcodereadbymicroscope

Allowsfortrackingandcounterfeit

identification

Give each item or allet a uni ueidentitycodeallowingittotrackwhere

theproducthasbeen

. . .

,

silverand

platinum 24 Roleofnanotechnology,2009

18G.MillerandR.Senjen,2008


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Food

Safety

&

Biosecurity

Nanosensors

Nanotracers


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Food Safety

Nanosensors Nanotracers

Combination

of

biology

and

Tracingofselectedorganisms

nanotechnology

Detectionoftraceamountsof

harmfulcontaminants

Easiertospot

Great

potential Increasedsensitivity

32 A.Baeumner,2004

Nanosensors


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Nanosensors

Detectsgases romspo e oo

Producesapackingcolorchangewhen

foodbecomesexpired

Detectsbacteria

Morefrequenttestingatlowercosts

store

shelves Findspesticidesinfruitandvegetables

g. po e eese

Imagesource:

http://fc06.deviantart.com/fs49/f/2009/213/8/a/

queijo_podre___rotten_cheese___by_claudio_bo

pas. pg

3 J.Byrne,2009


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Nanosensors

Difficultbutcrucialtodetect

Toughesthurdlesindetection

Spee

an

sensitivity

USDepartmentofAgricultures

ResearchService(ARS)andthe

Un vers tyo eorg a

Highlysensitive

nanorod

based

biosensorenablingrapid

etect on

g. mageo a a mone a acter a

Imagesource:http://www.azonano.com/

news.asp?newsID=9169

3 J.Byrne,2009


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Biosensor

Detectpathogensatminutelevelsof

500cellspermilliliter

,

$20,000perinstrument

Estimateof$1,000to$5,000fora

osensor

Allowfor

frequent

testing

at

a

much

lowercostthanisincurredbysending

Figure1.Abiosensorthatdetectsviruses

Imagesource:

samplestoalabforanalysis

Timereductionincompletingassessment

. . .

biosensor.jpg

8 E.Nord


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Nanotracers Reactto h sicalchan esinthe

surroundings(e.g.temperatureorpH)

Beatracerforphysicalchangesor

release a tracer com ound to measureotherproperties

Fluorescentorganicdyeparticles

Dyelights

up

when

antibodies

are

attachedFig.Fluorescentandradioactive

ons s so sur acemo e

nanoparticles

Serveas

a

carrier

for

chemical

tracer

nanoparticles

ImageSource:Newfunctionaltracersbasedonnanotechnology

compoun ,e.g.a uoresc ng ye,

sequenceormagneticcompound

Serveasacarrierforradioactivenuclides

4Newfunctionaltracersbasedonnanotechnology

Nano articles:Biolo icalEffects


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Needfullstudiesofitsshortandlon

termeffectsofinhumanhealth

Nanoparticles navigatethroughthe

heart lun s nerves and brain

Possibletoxicology

Generationofreactiveoxygen

response Mitochondrialperturbation

ccumu a ono

reticuloendothelial cellsinorgans

causesdysfunction

Accumulationinneuronaltissue

canpossiblycauseDNAdamage

2 R.V.Bhat,2009

18 G.Miller

and

R.

Senjen,

2008


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Potent a o og ca targetso eng neere

nanomaterials

Plasmamembranes

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Generalmethodsfordamage

DNAdamage

Ionchannelblockage

Oxidativestress

Damage

to

membrane

lipids,

nucleic

Image Source:,

Physicaldisruption

Poreformation

http://cble.chem.uu.nl/biolip/resources/E

wardplaatje01.jpg

Proteinaggregation

2 R.V.Bhat,2009


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Accumulationofnanoparticles results

ingastrointestinalinflammation

EngineeredNanomaterials (ENM)can

causeotherfoodcomponentsto

Lectin (usedfor

nano encapsulate

coatings)canbecomecytoxic and

Carbonnanotubes havesimilar

fiberlengthstoasbestoscausing

granulomatous inflammation

inmiceindicatedENM

Image source: www.bbc.co.uk/gcsebitesize

2 R.V.Bhat,2009


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Fulltoxicologicaleffectsareunknown

Anothernewchallenge

Previously,foodadditiveapproval

systemshavenotconsiderparticlesize

Expertsconc u ecurrent

regulationsare

not

intended

for

use

atnanoscale

FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)

neglectsnanomaterial tobenew

chemicals Imagesource:http://www.aandl U.S.legislationdoesnotrecognize

nanoparticlestoxicityrisks

a s.com mages a _ ome_ . pg

2 R.V.Bhat,2009

F d S f t R d ti


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FoodSafetyRecommendations

eg s er,eva ua e,au or ze,an res r c wherenanotechnologyhasbeenimplemented

Avoidthereleaseofmanufactured

environmentuntilmoreisknownabouttheirenvironmental

impacts

Treat manufacturednanoparticles andnanotubes asiftheywerehazardous

Usemandatorylabelinginfoodpackagestoprovideinformationrelevanttofoodsafetyandpublichealth

Ima e source:

http://www.nanoceo.net/files/FoEnanofood.jpg


TheContributions

of

Nanoparticles in

the

Food

Industry

and

Chemical

Engineering


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GilbertMcKenzie

ChrisMendez

HildaMera

KennethMoore

Nanotechnologyiscurrentlyusedinfoodindustriestoenhancenutrientdelivery,improvefoodpackaging, detectfoodspoilage,andprotectconsumersfromcontractingdiseases.

References

. . , , .

/ / )


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international.com/papers/application nano.htm).

2.R.V.Bhat,Nanotechnologyfoodsafetyissues,(2009)[online](availableat

http://vhpotty.blogspot.com/2009/01/nanotechnologyfoodsafetyissues.html).

. . , ,

http://www.foodproductiondaily.com/QualitySafety/NanosensorsofferrapiddetectionofSalmonellaclaimsARS).

4. Newfunctionaltracersbasedonnanotechnologyandradiotracergenerators,DepartmentforReservoirand

ExplorationTechnology (RELE),(2007)[online](availableathttp://74.125.93.132/search?q=cache: WFswBNUK

MGUJ:www.ife.no/departments/reservoir_and_exploration_tech/files/nanostrategi rele

20072009/fss_download/Attachmentfile+New+functional+tracers+based+on+nanotechnologyand+

radiotracer+generators&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us).

. . , . .

engine."ElectroChem (availableathttp://www.electrochem.org/meetings/scheduler/

abstracts/214/0692.pdf).

6.NanotechnologyintheFoodIndustry,(2007)[online](availableat

http://www.understandingnano.com/columnfood.html).

7.T.Traver,FoodNanotechnology,(November2006)2226,[online](availableat

http://members.ift.org/NR/rdonlyres/E725D81136204CC18AAD40E2BF66CE7E/0/1106Nano.pdf).

. . , , . .

10/top10nanotechnologyfood.html).

9.G.Miller,Nanotechnology thenewthreattofood,(October2008)[online](availableat

http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=10755).

10.M.Zhou,Z.Wei,H.Qiao,L.Zhu,H,Yang,andT.Xia,ParticleSizeandPoreStructureCharacterizationofSilver

Nanoparticles PreparedbyConfinedArcPlasma,JournalofNanomaterials Volume9,(2009)[online](availableat

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnm/2009/968058.html).


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