leprosy presentation pptx

Presentation topic: “LEPROSY”

Presented to: Sir. KHEZER HAYAT

Presented by: • MUSHTAQ AHMED

1) LEPROSY: INTRODUCTION:

Leprosy is also known as Hansen's disease, after the scientist who discovered M. leprae In 1873.

Leprosy is an infectious disease that causes severe, disfiguring skin sores and nerve damage in the arms and legs.

Today, about 180,000 people worldwide are infected with leprosy, according to the World Health Organization, most of them in Africa and Asia. About 200 people are diagnosed with leprosy in the U.S. every year.

Cause OF Leprosy:

A slow-growing type of bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. Symptoms of Leprosy: primarily affects the skin and the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. also affect the eyes and the thin tissue lining inside of the nose The main symptom of leprosy : Disfiguring skin sores, lumps, or bumps that do not go away after several weeks. The skin sores are pale-

colored. Nerve damage can lead to: Loss of feeling in the arms and legs and Muscle weakness. MODE OF TRANSMISSION: (ACCORDING TO CDC) Although the mode of transmission of Hansen's disease remains uncertain, most investigators think that M.

leprae is usually spread from person to person in respiratory droplets.

Inhalation:

A large number of bacilli are discharged by infectious patient while talking, coughing and sneezing. These bacilli enter healthy person through respiratory tract.

• INCUBATION PERIOD: (3 - 5) years.• TYPES of Leprosy: 1) Tuberculoid:(paucibacillary leprosy) A mild, less severe form of leprosy. few patches of flat, pale-colored skin. The affected area of skin may feel numb because of nerve damage. Tuberculoid leprosy is less contagious than other forms.

2)Lepromatous: (multibacillary leprosy) A more severe form of the disease. widespread skin bumps and rashes.numbness, and muscle weakness. The nose, kidneys, and male reproductive

organs may also be affected. It is more contagious than tuberculoid leprosy.3) Borderline. This type of leprosy have symptoms of both the tuberculoid and lepromatous forms

Diagnosis of leprosy

• 3 cardinal signs for Diagnosis of Leprosy:

one or more hypopigmented, anaesthetic skin patches.

one or more thickened peripheral nerves; Presence of acid–fast bacilli in the skin or

nasal smear.

Lepromin skin test:

The lepromin skin test is used to determine what type of leprosy a person has. How the Test is Performed: A sample of inactivated (unable to cause infection) leprosy-

causing bacteria is injected just under the skin, usually on the forearm.

The lump indicates that the antigen has been injected at the correct depth.

The injection site is labeled and examined for 3 days, later to see if there is a reaction. Patients with lepromatous leprosy will not have a positive skin

reaction.

WHO Recommended treatment regimen.

• 6 month regimen for Paucibacillary (PB) Leprosy:

ADULTS:

CHILDRENS: (10-14)Y

CHILDREN (<10 Y)

Dapsone

100 mg daily single dose.



Rifampicin

600 mg given once a month.



12 month regimen for Multibacillary (MB) Leprosy

AGE DAPSONE RIFAMPICIN CLOFAZIMINE

ADULTS:

CHILDREN(10-14)Y

CHILDREN(<10) Y




600 mg once in a month

45O mg once in a month


50 mg daily

50 mg given every other day

50 mg given twice in a week

Single Lesion Paucibacillary (SLPB) Leprosy

(one time dose of 3 medications taken together)

AGE RIFAMPICIN OFLOXACINE MINOCYCLINE

ADULTS:

CHILDREN(5-14)Y

600 mg

300 mg

400 mg

200 mg

100 mg

50 mg

Vaccine for Leprosy Various countries around the world, namely India

and Brazil, currently use the Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine for tuberculosis to double as a leprosy vaccine, as the two diseases are caused by similar mycobacterial agents. However, the effectiveness of this approach is widely disputable.

The BCG vaccine is not used in the United States as a leprosy vaccine because of the unproven effectiveness of the BCG vaccine as well as the low incidence of leprosy patients in America.

• Leprosy on the decline in Pakistan WHO (December 16, 2013)

Leprosy Elimination: After controlling Leprosy in Pakistan in 1996, the programme has moved

on……..The following services are included in the elimination programme: - Chemotherapy – all new patients on regular treatment. - Prevention and Treatment of Deformity. - Examination of Patient’s contact for early case detection and

treatment. - Social and Economical Rehabilitation of patients and their families. - Health Education, Awareness and Community empowerment.

References: Renault CA, Ernst JD. Mycobacterium leprae. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE,

Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 251.

Kumar B, Dogra S. The infectious diseases. In: Bope ET, Kellerman RD, eds. Conn’s Current Therapy 2012. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 3.

Sargent SJ. Ectoparasites. In Mayhall CG (ed): Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control,3rd edition Edition. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 2004:755-757.

www.ausgoal.gov.au/creative-commons Department for Health and Ageing, Government of South Australia.

MALC Headquarters:(Marie Adelaide Leprosy Centre) Mariam Manzil, A.M. 21,Off Shahrah-e-Liaquat,P.O Box No. 8666, Saddar Karachi 74400 Pakistan.

leprosy presentation pptx

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