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Foro del CobreRevista paRa el cobRe en el sectoR de la constRuccion 26/2009
Edifcios de viviendas en
Frederikskaj, Copenhague
Cobre nuevo para la
catedral de Roskilde
Accordia, un proyecto
de viviendas britnico
Importante edifcio
deportivo en Budapest
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Como siempre nos hemos esorzado en encontrar
por Europa nuevos proyectos de inters en los que
el cobre se haya utilizado creativamente. En este
nmero, presentamos proyectos de renovacin y
restauracin, y tambin de obra nueva, tanto pe-
quea como grande. El arquitecto Chris Hodson
nos lleva a Cambridge, Inglaterra, para visitar el
proyecto Accordia, tan bien acogido por la crtica.
En estos edicios de viviendas, en muchos aspec-
tos excepcionales, el cobre orma parte del limitado
abanico de materiales que constituyen el concepto
bsico del diseo exterior, y en el que se dio una
gran importancia a los aspectos medioambientales.
Tambin nos detenemos en Copenhague para exa-
minar el nuevo barrio residencial Fredrikskaj, situa-do junto a uno de los muchos canales de la ciudad.
Aqu, adems, tendr la oportunidad de conocer
una restauracin de iglesia espectacular. La catedral
de Roskilde en Dinamarca, vuelve a mostrar con
orgullo una nueva y bella cubierta de cobre.
La turbulencia global en la economa durante el pasado
ao ha infuido poderosamente en el coste de la mayora
de los metales. Por ejemplo, en comparacin con hace
un ao el precio del cobre ha descendido a una tercera
parte. En el artculo de Nordea en la pgina 34 encon-
trar ms inormacin sobre los precios de los metales.
El prximo otoo llega otra vez el momento de elegir
un ganador del premio European Copper Award. En
la pgina 13 hallar inormacin abundante sobre e
concurso. Aproveche la oportunidad para presentar su
proyecto con cobre en este gran oro internacional par-
ticipando en el European Copper Award 2009. Buena
suerte!
Con mucho gusto puede ponerse en contacto con nues
tra redaccin con comentarios sobre los artculos, o squiere darnos a conocer nuevos proyectos de inters.
Le deseamos una lectura agradable!
Lennart Engstrm, Editor
Foro del Cobre, Abril 2009
Foro del Cobre orma parte de la actual Campaa Europea del Cobre en la Arquitectura y aparece dos veces al ao conuna diusin de 20.000 ejemplares.
La revista se distribuye a arquitectos y proesionales de la industria de la construccin en Rusia, Polonia, Dinamarca,Noruega, Suecia, Finlandia, Hungra, Repblica Checa, Espaa y Reino Unido.
Editor: Lennart Engstrm, tel +46 706574734, ax +46 21198704, [email protected]
Direccion: Copper Forum c/o Cupori AB, Metallverksgatan 5, Box 510, SE-721 09 Vsters, Sweden
Editor: Lennart Engstrm, Cupori AB,
Presentacion y produccion tcnica: Naula Grafsk Design/M Reklam
Impresion: Intellecta Inolog 2009, Suecia
Direccion de editorial:Mogens Praestegaard, DK +45 4028 5157 [email protected] Svedman, SE +46 2119 82 50 hakan.s [email protected] Rudidalen, NO +47 2324 7469 [email protected] Numminen, FI +358 40 093 7547 [email protected] Miettinen, FI +358 9 584 00 166 [email protected] Savola, FI +358 26266111 [email protected] Zhigalina, RU +7 81 2320 2050 [email protected] Ionov, RU +7 09 5787 2792 [email protected] Sawicki, PL +48 (22)8258252 [email protected] Zakrzewski, PL +48 717812504 [email protected] Pinter, CZ +36 12664810 [email protected] Kratochvle, CZ +42 0261122542 [email protected] Robinson, UK +44 (0)1992511117 robbie.r obinson@luvat a.comChris Hodson, UK +44 (0)1242 702741 chris@ hodsons.comVictoria Gregorio, ES + 34 91 772 48 60 [email protected]
Bienvenido a un nuevo nmero de Foro del Cobre
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3COPPER FORUM 26/09
NDICE
4 El cobre en obras de restauracin
6 Cobre por dentro y por uera
8 Piscina en edicio de cristal y cobre
10 Edicios de viviendas en Frederikskaj, Copenhague
13 Call or Awards Entries
14 New Copper or Roskilde Cathedral
18 5 Botanicheskaya Street, hotel, Moscow
19 Seven-storey oce block, Moscow
20 Project de Jonas ROC Hengelo, The Netherlands
22 A major sports building in Budapest, Hungary
24 A new paradigm or urban housing
32 Family House in Lelekovice
34 Metal Market Update February Copper
36 Domus GaudiumThird Student Union Building
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Con cobre es ms rentable
El cobre en obras de restauracin
El mundo est repleto de edicios que debe-
ran restaurarse. Se dice recuentemente que
los motivos de retrasar las obras son la alta
de dinero y el alto precio de los materiales.
Ahora que el paro crece con mayor celeridad
que nunca se necesitan medios eectivos para
reorientar la coyuntura. La construccin es
uno de los ramos ms duramente aectados
y tras una poca de auge sure una baja muy
pronunciada. Las autoridades estatales de
Finlandia han aplicado medidas para com-batir el problema y el gobierno ha dedica-
do recursos nancieros a obras de reorma
y restauracin. Muchas constructoras estn
estudiando aprovechar esta posibilidad. Es
preciso tomar decisiones rpidas, puesto que
hay una echa tope para recibir ayuda estatal,
la cual estipula que las obras deben ponerse
en marcha a nal de ao. Ahora una pronta
toma de decisiones puede ahorrar dinero de
varias maneras: las tasas de inters son bajas,
los materiales econmicos, se puede obtener
personal cualicado rpidamente y pueden
solicitarse subvenciones y ayudas.
El cobre es econmico
El precio del cobre como materia prima ha
descendido a aproximadamente una terce-
ra parte de lo que costaba hace apenas un
ao. Su alto coste, una dura competencia y
grandes stocks redujeron la demanda. Mu-
chos compradores potenciales renunciabana comprar este metal debido a su alto precio,
pero ahora, nalmente, vuelve a ser mucho
ms asequible. Por tanto, son muchas las
buenas razones para recomendar nuevamen-
te su uso y compra.
El desarrollo de productos de cobre desti-
nados a la construccin de edicios ha sido
muy rpido. Antes, slo se vendan paneles
y chapa, y el trabajo de instalacin exiga
operarios cualicados. Los avanzados pro-
ductos de hoy son ciles de instalar y se dis-
pone de varios acabados de supercie alter-
nativos, desde cobre liso a diversos perles
y cassettes. ambin puede obtenerse cobre
como malla y material perorado. Actual-
mente este metal no se reconoce necesaria-
mente por su color, puesto que dependiendo
del producto pueden obtenerse tonos desde
dorado a un bello azul. Para crear obras
maestras de cobre la pericia tradicional si-gue siendo una cualidad necesaria. Un hbil
dominio de la proesin es una gran ventaja,
y los operarios de chapa que verdaderamente
conocen su tarea siempre han sido capaces
de transormar el cobre en obras de arte de
interminables gamas de ormas y colores.
La economa mundial est pasando una poca dicil. Pero las malas noticias tambin suelen tener un lado positivo.Se ha estado hablando de recesin y crisis durante tanto tiempo que este tema ya no es una sorpresa para nadie. En
todos los pases del mundo se aplican planes de estmulo y recuperacin, que sin embargo parece que desapareci-
eran en un abismo. Quedan pocos adivinos que se atrevan a pronosticar la duracin de la crisis, pero ms pronto o
ms tarde tocar ondo y podremos empezar a mirar hacia el uturo con optimismo
Texto: Hannele Numminen
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Fachada de un edifcio de viviendasrenovada con cobre
Como ya se ha mencionado antes, hoy el uso de co-
bre es econmico en obras de restauracin, y por ello
constituye una slida inversin a largo plazo. En un
gran edicio de siete plantas de Pori, Finlandia, con
locales comerciales en la planta baja, se tena que
cambiar el aislamiento, lo cual comportaba la de-molicin de su antigua achada. Debido a que origi-
nalmente el edicio se haba proyectado con achada
de cobre, se tom la decisin de sustituir el material
antiguo por cobre. En las obras se utilizaron aproxi-
madamente 1 000 kg de eje liso de 0,6 mm.
El abundante uso de cobre en la achada da un as-
pecto magnco al edicio de siete plantas. Los per-
les de este metal entre las ventanas y su antepecho
se disearon y abricaron a medida en un taller de
chapa. Las bandas horizontales de cobre coneren
a la achada un acabado distinguido. Se dejaron pe-
queos huecos cerca de las ventanas para aseguraruna buena ventilacin. ambin se utiliz mucho
cobre en las paredes y en molduras y tubos de ba-
jantes. El material se j a sustratos de madera con
tornillos de acero inoxidable. Los paneles de cobre
se instalaron en la pared delantera del ala comercial
con una conguracin similar a tablas horizontales
solapadas. Los perles detrs de los letreros de publi-
cidad tambin son de cobre. Adems, se usa cobre en
los balcones y en distintas molduras.
Las obras de este proyecto se realizaron prcticamen-
te en plataormas elevadoras o hidrulicas y, debido a
que el edicio est situado en el centro de la ciudad,se tuvo que dedicar una atencin especial a la segu-
ridad. Se construyeron techos de proteccin para los
peatones. Las obras ocuparon unos seis meses y ya
estn terminadas. El color marrn oscuro del cobre,
en combinacin con el tono claro de la pared, crea
un eecto equilibrado y armonioso. En los edicios
vecinos tambin se usa cobre, lo cual conere a todo
el bloque un aspecto coordinado.
Alto precio de la chatarra de cobre
La poca de las obras no ue perecta considerando el
alto precio del cobre. Sin embargo, tambin era ele-
vado el precio de la chatarra de cobre, lo cual com-pens el del cobre nuevo. Se recicl la chapa vieja,
con lo que se redujo asimismo el impacto medioam-
biental. El cobre normalmente no precisa renovacin
o mantenimiento, pero si hay necesidad de sustituir-
lo debido a cuestiones de aislamiento, como en este
caso, el cobre viejo siempre puede venderse.Proyecto arquitectnico de los trabajos con cobre:Architecture Ruissalo Eeva Oy
Ingeniero consultor: Erkki Anttila Oy
Trabajo con chapa: Peltisepnliike KT Thtinen Oy
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Per Olav Berg
Photo: Trond Joelson
Cobre por dentro y por ueraEl edicio de la Conederacin de Empresas de Noruega (NHO)
en Majorstua, Oslo, se construy a mediados de la dcada
de 1960. El pasado 1 de noviembre nalizaron las obras de
reorma y ampliacin, en las que se usaron 50 toneladas
de cobre en los revestimientos de las achadas y
paredes interiores. Para los trabajos con chapa
de este metal la empresa Erling Freitag AS,
de Tnsberg, utiliz deliberadamente un
grupo de operarios jvenes, dndoles
una responsabilidad considerable.
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La achada de cobre del edicio de NHO reciente-
mente renovado se caracteriza por ranjas de 50
cm, ormadas por paneles de 1,2 mm de Nordic
Green Living 1, de Luvata. La chapa de cobre est sujeta
por piezas de soporte ocultas y posee molduras perla-
das para darle un mayor realce. Este detalle se mantie-
ne por las achadas de cristal y las paredes interiores
de las escaleras y vestbulos, donde los paneles de co-bre estn montados en columnas de la misma anchura
que las molduras perladas externas.
Varias de las ocinas y salas de reunin estn revesti-
das de cobre. Un aspecto importante eran las medicio-
nes de la dimensin de chapa precisa, que los operarios
deban hacer con la mxima exactitud antes de cortarla
en la brica de Tnsberg.
En la ase inicial, cuando principalmente trabajba-
mos en el interior, lo importante era cortar el cobre a la
dimensin exacta. El grupo de operarios jvenes saladiariamente de Tnsberg a las 5 de la maana, empeza-
ba a trabajar a las 7, y regresaba a Tnsberg a las 6 de la
tarde. All, abricaban las piezas de cobre hasta las 10
de la noche, regresaban a su casa para dormir algo, y al
da siguiente partan nuevamente para Oslo a las 5 de la
maana. Esto no lo pueden hacer operarios casados,
dice Svein Freitag. Es por ello que asignamos el trabajo
del proyecto del edicio de NHO a personal joven, y les
dimos una gran responsabilidad.
Asumiendo ms responsabilidad han aprendido mucho.
Creo que es ventajoso y que contribuye a dar madurez a
los jvenes, dice Svein Freitag, que como promedio ha
tenido en la obra 3-4 personas durante las 34 semanas
del proyecto.
En los trabajos se usaron como mnimo 50 toneladas de
cobre. En el interior de los nuevos locales de ocinas
tambin hay muchos elementos de cobre, especialmen-
te en los vestbulos y reas comunes. Incluso la chime-
nea de gas del hall est revestida de cobre.
Durante el curso de un proyecto de construccin hay
varias cosas que se deben tener en cuenta. El complejo
de NHO ha ampliado el espacio para ocinas e incor-
porado nuevas plantas. Estamos satisechos de poder
mostrar la alta calidad proesional de los trabajos de
chapa en este tipo de edicios, dice Svein Freitag.
La sede central de la Conederacin de Empresas de Noruega, en Oslo, ha sidoobjeto de extensas obras de renovacin.
1.Uso abundante de cobre en el revestimiento de paredes interiores.
2. La achada de cobre tiene ranjas de 50 cm d e ancho con molduras perfladas.
3. Las paredes interiores de las reas comunes estn decor adas con cobre.
4. Detalle del diseo de la achada de cobre.
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Photo. Pia Snstrd
Per Olav Berg
Piscina en edifcio
de cristal y cobrePronto los chndals se cambiarn por trajes de bao.
En septiembre abre sus puertas la nueva piscina
cubierta de Marienlyst, en Drammen, Noruega.
La empresa Buskerud Blikk & Montasje AS ha
participado en la construccin de este edicio de
11 000 metros cuadrados, un ascinante proyecto en
el que se han usado 12 toneladas de cobre.
El lado orientado al norte, con ventanas especialmente abricadas, d e un diseo original. Trond-Otto Oseberg (izquierda) y el supervisor de la obr a, Tor Erik Node la nueva piscina Drammensbadet.
La visera del muro sur est diseada par a que parezca la espuma que se orma en una ola al chocar.
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La ase inicial del edicio ue com-
plicada. Los arquitectos de BFS-
architects AS, de Oslo, ueron los
ganadores del primer premio de un con-
curso de preclasicacin, pero en 2003
el proyecto se paraliz, reanudndose en
2006. El propietario del edicio, el munici-
pio de Drammen, estim inicialmente queel coste de la piscina cubierta ascendera
a 270 millones de coronas noruegas. Esta
cira result ser demasiado optimista y se
ajust a 326 millones de coronas. Ahora
las obras estn llegando a su n y se ha
previsto que las instalaciones se inaugu-
ren el 1 de septiembre de 2009. Miran-
do hacia atrs, el principal contratista,
Strm Gundersen A/S, puede hablar de un
proyecto bien ejecutado. Los contratistas
de la obra no ueron los responsables de
que se rebasara el presupuesto.
Fasadeconsult, de Mjndalen instal el
cerramiento de cristal, que abarca 2 500
metros cuadrados del exterior del recin-
to. Los operarios de la empresa Buskerud
Blikk & Montasje recubrieron los cana-
lones rectangulares y uno de los lados
con 12 toneladas de cobre. En el recinto
principal se ha construido una piscina de
50 metros con ocho calles, que con un
tabique especialmente diseado puede
dividirse en dos secciones cuando se de-
see. Tambin hay una piscina de olas con
un canal de contracorriente contiguo, una
piscina inantil, una piscina de atencin a
la salud con proundidad ajustable, dos
jacuzzis y dos toboganes acuticos.
Como una olaEl edicio tiene la orma de ola; un gran
techo abovedado descansa sobre tabiques
acristalados. En el lado norte, el techo,
suavemente curvado, desciende hasta el
suelo. Este lado tiene como caracters-
tica ventanas especialmente congura-
das, cubiertas con una ranja de cobre de
Luvata, suministrada por Astrup; Nordic
Green 0,7 mm.
Adems del muro con arcadas y cana-
lones rectangulares curvados, en la cu-
bierta hay cuatro canales de ventilacin
tambin recubiertos por ranjas de cobrecon engatillado doble, dice Trond-Otto
Oseberg de Buskerud Blikk & Montasje.
Tor Erik Nordby supervis la tarea de los
operarios de la chapa. En el proyecto in-
tervinieron 3-4 operarios, que empeza-
ron a mediados de noviembre de 2007 y
terminaron el trabajo externo en Pascua
de 2008. Los canalones situados debajo
de las ventanas del muro norte y los ba-
jantes se abricaron en el taller siguiendo
los planos de los arquitectos. La produc-
cin de las ranjas de cobre y canalonesrectangulares se realiz con una curva-
dora nueva. Los 70-80 pilares del recinto
principal se han rodeado de un collar de
acero brillante, resistente a los cidos,
montado por los operarios de chapa.
La nueva piscina cubierta es una obra be-
lla y exclusiva. Las estructuras de acero
y hormign estn cubiertas de chapa de
madera. Para nosotros las obras avan-
zaron sin problemas, pero los carpinteros
tuvieron dicultades al principio, debi-
do a que empezaron trabajando con una
chapa de madera de un grosor excesivo.
Asimismo, hubo un momento en el que el
propietario del edicio pens en usar un
material menos caro. Aortunadamen-
te, ue el al proyecto inicial, que quera
dar a la obra un toque de originalidad. El
recinto tiene la orma de una ola gigan-
tesca, pareciendo el toldo sobre la pared
sur la espuma que se orma en la punta
de la ola. Estoy convencido de que a los
habitantes de Drammen les gustar este
edicio, dice Trond-Otto Oseberg.
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Henry Voss, Architect M.A.A.
Casi todos los inmuebles son locales de o-
cinas. Aqu uno puede encontrar la mayo-
ra de las empresas que recuentemente se
nombran en artculos sensacionalistas en
los diarios, por ejemplo DC o DONG, o
compaas de nombres similares. Sin em-
bargo cuando las obras de construccin ya
estaban a medio camino, surgi la idea de
incorporar algunas viviendas para dar ms
animacin a la zona. Esto no se haba tenido
en cuenta antes. En este barrio raramente se
vea gente, sino slo siluetas dentro de au-
tomviles, lo cual es comprensible, debido
a que all el viento siempre sopla en todas
direcciones.
La mayora de los locales de ocina son de
color gris claro. Los edicios de viviendas,
en cambio, estn revestidos de cobre de co-lor marrn oscuro rojizo, que con el trans-
curso del tiempo se oscurecer an ms, ad-
quiriendo nalmente una tonalidad verde.
Contemplados de lejos, sorprenden por su
aspecto rerescante, y verlos de cerca es un
placer.
Son viviendas de un bello diseo, con di-
mensiones bien proporcionadas y detalles
elegantes. En el revestimiento se usan cas-
settes de cobre y ranjas lisas. ienen gran-
des partes revestidas de perles de cobrecon tornillos visibles y meticulosamente
situados. Los lados de entrada son de su-
percie lisa, con una combinacin de es-
tos elementos. Los de las viviendas son de
cristal y tienen balcones en voladizo, tam-
bin construidos de cristal. La dierencia es
pronunciada; un lado oscuro y tranquilo, el
otro ms vivo y constantemente cambian-
Edicios de viviendas en Frederiksk
te cuanto la luz se reeja en las distintas
supercies de cristal. El resultado es muy
elegante y produce una impresin slida en
comparacin con muchos otros tipos de re-
vestimiento.
La achada debe su belleza al material elegi-
do. Si, en cambio, se hubiera empleado zinc,
aluminio u otro material de color claro, el
edicio hubiera revelado su autntica esen-
cia: una estructura de hormign envuelta
de material aislante cubierto con tablas
delgadas. El uso de un material de carac-
tersticas ms pesadas produce un eecto
ms compacto. El resultado es un aire dis-
tinguido; uno deseara que las viviendas
se hubieran construido en una zona de la
ciudad ms civilizada que este desierto de
ocinas. Los balcones de cristal muestransu mxima belleza cuando los apartamen-
tos todava estn vacos, antes de llenarse de
bicicletas, sbanas y muebles de jardn.
Pero no slo los balcones son de cristal
transparente. Las ventanas abarcan del sue-
lo al techo, y para disrutar en los aparta-
mentos de una vida conortable se tiene que
conar que la supercie acristalada se haya
jado adecuadamente, adems de que es
una ventaja no padecer de vrtigo. No obs-
tante, si alguien cayera desde una ventanaprobablemente no se accidentara, puesto
que se precipitara en el agua del canal del
puerto, que se ha desviado a lo largo de la
achada. Un detalle bonito pero no dema-
siado prctico.
Los edicios son ejemplos interesantes de
un tipo de arquitectura que pronto se con-
En realidad, estos edicios de viviendas no estn situados en Frederikskaj
sino en A.S. Mayers Vnge. Sin embargo, es la misma zona de Sydhavn, de
Copenhague, donde durante varios aos se ha ido construyendo un edicio
tras otro, cada uno como una repeticin del anterior y preludio del sigu-
iente.
vertir en dominante, es decir, la arquitec-
tura de achadas revestidas. Las normas de
construccin ms recientes imponen requi-
sitos tan altos para la conservacin de la
energa, que estos apenas se pueden cumplircon obra de hormign o ladrillo tradicional
y exigen el uso de sistemas sandwich en los
que el material aislante constituye la mayor
parte del relleno. Se prev que durante los
prximos aos habr una gran demanda de
este tipo de arquitectura. Los edicios de
Frederikskaj muestran que esto no tiene por
que ser un inconveniente.
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Copenhague
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Datos:
Arquitecto: Dissing+Weitling
Contratista: MT Hjgard
Proveedor de cobre: KME-FrickeGmbH
La publicidad de los 152 apartamentos del complejo de viviendas
usa el siguiente texto, que apenas podra ser ms potico.
Imagnese la tranquilidad de empezar el da en la ciudad sentado
en el balcn, con el panorama del puerto y el agua debajo.
O la excepcional experiencia de hacer una excursin en kayak por
el canal a lrededor de Frederikskaj despus de una larga jornada de
trabajo.
Imagnese poder elegir entre lo mucho que la ciudad le orece, como
cultura o compras, y disrutar de la naturaleza en Amager Flled a
corta distancia.
Un apartamento en Frederikskaj, a pocos kilmetros del centro de
Copenhague, har que esto sea realidad.
Aqu hay el agua, la luz, el aire, el ambiente y el panorama, al igua l
que los pjaros y kayaks.
odo esto junto es una parte tangible de los alrededores de Frede-
rikskaj Residents. Aun cuando el edicio se halla en el centro de
Copenhague, tendr la impresin de estar alejado del ajetreo de la
ciudad. Ya no ser necesario viajar diariamente varias horas para
estar en un sitio donde usted realmente podr descansar.
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Architects involved with copper buildings are
encouraged to enter the 2009 European Copperin Architecture Awards and take advantage o
this major opportunity to present their work to
an international audience.
The design-led competition covers recently completed
buildings in countries participating in the European Copper
in Architecture Campaign. To be eligible, all entries must
incorporate cladding, roofng or other architectural elements
o copper or copper alloys, such as bronze and brass. But any
building type can be entered - rom major landmark projects
to more modest buildings. There is also a discretionary award
or innovation in specifc areas o relevance today, such as
sustainable building, economical construction, preabrication,
conservation or new uses o copper.
Winning and shortlisted projects will be eatured in a special
issue o the international magazine Architectural Review and
the best entries will also be covered in Copper Forum. Entries
must be submitted by 31 May 2009 and the winners will be
announced at a presentation in London, UK during September
2009. Entry orms and details o the 2009 Awards are available
on www.copperino.co.uk/arch and www.copperconcept.org orvia e-mail to: [email protected]
NEWS
CALL FORAWARDS ENRIES
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Roskilde Cathedral is one o Denmarks cultural pearls. Tis is not
just the opinion o the nation itsel, as the Cathedral is on Unescos
list o world heritage sites, which contains only two more Danish
contributions: Kronborg and Jelling.
Heritage sites have to be well taken care o, and Roski lde Cathedral
is no exception. However, it is both dicult and expensive. In the
Danish climate buildings should be as simple as possible, a boxwith a sloping roo so that water and snow will run of quickly, and
smooth acades where nothing can stick.
Roskilde Cathedral is quite the opposite. Te building is
as complicated as it possibly could be. It has all the ingenious
eatures one will nd in the art o building construction: pillars
and box gutters, spires and domes, protrusions and recesses, vaults
and towers, arches and curves and more and all o this in great
numbers. Tere is a lot to take care o.
What is most notable is the exterior: the slender spire, a Roskilde
hallmark that can be seen rom a distance, the ta ll copper roo and,
close-to, the huge red brick building with its surprisingly successul
additions made through several centuries, and the chapels with their
royal graves that reect the building techniques and architecturalunderstanding o their time. Only in our times have we lacked
the condence to build a chapel or Frederik IX, but just a wall
surrounding a garden. It is a shame, and goes against the healthy
vitality that the building expresses.
Te interior o the building conrms anticipated experiences:
great beauty but also an equal amount o ugliness. Te problem
lies between the exterior and the interior in other words in the
construction.
New Copper or Roskilde Cathedral
By Henry Voss, Architect MAA
Roskilde is one o the oldest cities in Denmark. It is
situated about 30 km rom the capital Copenhagen.
Roskilde was ounded during the time o the Vikings,
and has a large Viking-ship museum. The city has a
busy business section and education centre with upper
secondary school and university.
Te Cathedral was built between 1170 and mid-1200 in brick,
which at the time was a new material. Absalon, who ounded the
Cathedral, had loty plans; the building is 84 meters long and 24
meters tall! Te style is both Roman and Gothic. Te towers date
rom the 14th century. Christian Is chapel is rom 1459; Christian
IVs chapel in renaissance style was built 1615-20. Frederik
Vs chapel, designed by C.F. Harsdorf, was erected 1774-78 inclassicism. Christian IXs chapel, designed by A.C. Clemmensen,
was built 1917-23.
Tis is enough ancient construction to cause problems, but the
problems did not arise without a reason. Te Margrethe spire and
the roo above the crossing in both directions burned in 1969. It was
a violent re as the woodwork had dried out completely through the
centuries. At the ollowing reconstruction, all eforts were put into
making sure that such an accident would not happen again and all
timber was pressure-impregnated against decay and ungus, and
the planks also against re.
It is due to that extensive chemical treatment that the work will
have to be redone. Each age nds it both natural and necessary to
use the latest knowledge as a supplement to lies experience. Butjust as medicines can have side efects that will end up killing the
patient, diferent chemicals in a church roo can get into violent
conict. Te re-prevention chemicals have caused the timber
to absorb humidity, which has created ammoniac umes that, in
turn, have damaged the copper sheeting and washed away the
impregnation against decay and ungus - chrome and arsenic. Te
roo started to leak and poisonous substances began to trickle down
into the church room.
Photo: Peter Rahbek
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Photo:PeterRahbek
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Te copper covering o the spires was renewed in 1972-73. Te
100-year-old roo covering had cracks and was leaking, and needed
to be replaced together with parts o the timber construction.
Already a couple o years later, cracks in the new copper sheeting
were discovered, particularly in the swinging part o the spire.
Since then, mechanical and thermal conditions have afected the
copper sheeting and in several places destroyed attachments on the
underside o the roo.
Tere are many theories about what went wrong with the covering
o the two main spires. Could it be a aulty seaming technique?
Or has poor ventilation caused the air to stay inside the roo, thuspressing the copper sheeting outwards? oday, all damaged wood
in the spires have been replaced and a new roo covering, using
approximately 10 tons o 0.75 mm sot, untreated copper, has been
done using new methods that will ensure a long lie.
Te roo above the crossing is no longer impregnated. Te
enormous beams are made o Douglas r. Tey are so big that they
cannot be lited by a crane when connected, but will have to be
test-assembled on the ground, then separated and lited up piece by
piece, to be assembled nally on the roo. One o the pieces, the
central beam, measures 320 x 320 mm, is 15.20 metres long and
weighs approximately 1,100 kg.
Douglas r, which resembles larch, contains a lot o resin and tan
substance, which make it resistant to decay and ungus. Oak is used
or brick-wall support and base beams at the roo rame. Some o
the wood is Fleet oak, rom oak trees planted ater the deeat o
the Danish eet in 1807. Te carpentry contractor responsible or
the woodwork has in addition engaged three Swiss and German
carpenters with the greatest expertise wearing in black costumes
with shiny buttons and big hats and with special experience in
renovating old timber constructions in European churches usingsophisticated tools.
When all carpentry has been completed, the roo will be covered
with about 20 tons o 0.75-mm sot copper sheeting. Once again
people will be able to enjoy the tall silhouette o the Cathedral rom
a distance or the next 100 years to come as there is nothing now
that eats the copper rom the inside.
It took a ew years, at a cost o 100 million crowns. But so what,
when you think about what we otherwise spend millions on!
Phot
o:PeterGjevertPetersen
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Architects Hvidt & Mlgaard A/S
Timber Jnsson A/S
Copper John A. Hansen (The two towers)Bravidan Danmark A/S (The crossing)
Photo: Flemming P
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5 BotanicheskayaStreet, hotel,Moscow
The building was completed in 2007. The clad-ding material is Nordic Green, o which two di-
erent surace types have been intentionally used
on the aade. The aade has been realised with
the Aluwall aade system. The aade o the
12-storey hotel is mainly o copper and glass
construction, with a vertical sun moti on part o
the aade.
Architects Popov & Partners. Main designer architect Dmitriy Viktorovich.
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4/7 VozdvizhenkaStreet, seven-
storey oceblock, Moscow
The administrative oce o the Presiden
is located in this building designed by Archi
tects Popov & Co, with architect Vershinsky
Dmitriy Viktorovich as the main designer. The
building was completed in 2008.
The aade material is Nordic Green coppe
with surace type Traditional. The aade has
been realised with the Aluwall aade system
The metal aade o the building with coppe
surace sheets plays the role o a small-scale
modernistic eature in the townscape.
Architects Popov & Partners. Main designer architect Dmitriy Viktorovich.
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Project de Jonas
ROC Hengelo, The Netherlands
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The striking elevated pod is named the Jonas, ater a tale
rom the Bible about Jona and the whale: The prophet Jona
gets the assignment o God to warn the people in Niniv, be-cause this city will be destroyed within 40 days. Jona reuses
and escapes with a ship. A storm surprises this ship and Jona
is thrown overboard. A big whale swallows Jona, and Jona
survives three days and three nights in the stomach o the
whale. When the whale spits Jona out, he still decides to go to
Niniv. The Jonas pod can be seen as Jona, a small creature
inside a huge space, the enormous hall o the school building.
The Jonas is used as a conerence room where, or example,
students can give a presentation. Moreover, this luxurious
room can be used or meetings and also award ceremonies.The central eye o the elipse is made o glass which, using a
specic electric process, changes rom transparent to opaque
and can be used as a projection screen. The Jonas has a ca-
pacity or groups up to 50 persons.
Architect Harry Abels, director o IAA architects located in
Enschede, The Netherlands, designed the Jonas. X kwadraat,
a company that builds architectural art objects, also located in
Enschede, planned and built it, starting in 2007.The base o the
Jonas, a rame o steel, had already been built in June 2007.
In total, 12 ton o steel has been used or this rame. On top othis rame is a concrete foor on which are so called whale-
bones - a complicated wooden structure which was prepared
on the shop foor o X kwadraat and put together on location as
a giant puzzle. This whalebones structure was then nished
with copper plates, called scales. It took, in total, 6 months
to build this project, and completion took place in September
2008.
The height o the Jonas is 12 metres, and the internal height o
the foor is 8 metres. The length o the elipse is 17 metres, with
a width o 9 metres, giving a total surace area o 80 squaremetres. The view rom inside the Jonas into the huge hall o
the school building is wonderul. The initial design o the Jo-
nas included brass scales but, as a result o the advise o X
kwadraat, the architect chose to use copper scales because o
the application o Nordic Green pre-patination. This colour, in
combination with the shape o the Jonas and the pattern o the
reptile-like skin, appealed the architect. The orm o the Jonas
is essentially organic, inside as well as outside.
An intriguing eliptical pod, clad with more than 3000 kilograms o copper, orms an
organic central ocus or the ROC o Twente high school in Hengelo, the Netherlands.
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COPPER DECONSTRUCTIONA major sports building in Budapest, Hungary mutates its straightorward rectangular
plan into a complex aceted copper rooscape.
The building in Csrsz Street is a simple one as ar as
its foor plan is concerned. It is made up o two squares
o identical area, one o them housing the gym hall withgrandstand seating, the other containing a swimming-pool
with auxiliary acilities wrapped around in an L-shape. The
circulation system linking both unctions is clearly presented:
the two blocks are both separated and connected by open
and enclosed public circulation spaces on two levels. This
arrangement also separates bareoot pedestrians rom
those in ootwear.
But it is at roo level that the designers T2.a Architects
reveal the true orm o this extraordinary building. Here a
series o apparently random, aceted planes all clad in
copper deconstruct the regular cube orms below. Viewed
rom Csrsz Street or rom the longitudinal aade to theadjacent gardens, the building suggests ragmented pieces
o a broken shell. Some o the copper planes interlink to
orm a continuous roo surace, while others generate
areas o vertical glazing between them to provide generous
natural lighting into the spaces below. These copper planes
carry over to vertical suraces dropping down rom the roo
area to meet the rendered walls below.
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Client: Budapest-Hegyvidk, District 12, Local Authority
Architect: Gbor Turnyi, BenceTurnyi (T2.a Architects Ltd.) Fellow-architects: Zsolt Frikker, Andrs Gde, Orsolya Gnczi,
Lszl Fldes, Barnabs Lris, Pter Mrk,Eszter Mszros, Levente Skultti,Zoltn Stein, Mikls Vannay
Working drawing: Maczelka Lszl (Materv Ltd.) Fellow-architect: Barnabs Balai Interior design: Szabolcs Nagy-Miticzky (TrAlkot Ltd.) Fellow-architects: Bence Srkny, dm Vesztergom Structure: Zoltn V. Nagy, Zsolt Inokai, Dr. Jzse Almsi Plumbing & HVAC: Attila Braun, Istvn Tth Electrical Planning: Gbor Br, Mikls Tornallyay Public utilities: Attila BrSwimming-pool technology: Zoltn Sallai Photo: Zsolt Batr
Further inormation
A critical article exploring the dephilosophy o the building was wby Jen Kapy and published in 9issue o Alaprajz magazine in Hor more ino visit www.archiweb
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ACCORDIA CAMBRIDGE UK
By Chris Hodson
In this 8-page eature, architect Chris Hodson looks at dierent as-
pects o a particularly infuential British housing project. Following
this project overview is a closer building study o one house design,
then a discussion about the architectural role o copper and nally
detailed design o a particular copper-clad building element.
A NEW PARADIGM FOR URBAN HOUSIN
Te site, ormerly occupied by low-rise gov-
ernment oces built in the 1940s, lies to
one side o Brooklands Avenue, close to the
Botanic Gardens and the railway stationin south Cambridge. Te locality is char-
acterised by large terraced and individual
19th century villas. Accordia is a strategi-
cally important new residential quarter or
Cambridge and the last major undeveloped
browneld site close to the city centre, in
a key position between the city and open
elds. As a result, the municipal plan-
ning authority insisted that the developer
Countryside Properties employed good
designers to maximise the unique opportu-
nities presented by the site.
Accordia is thereore the result o an unu-
sual collaboration between three o the
UKs most highly regarded architects led
by master-planners Feilden Clegg Bradley
Studios (FCBS) with associate architects
Alison Brooks Architects and Maccreanor
Lavington working closely with land-
scape architects Grant Associates and other
consultants. Building work started on site
in September 2003 and still continues to-
day. Te development comprises 212 houses
and 166 apartments on a 9.5 hectare site at
a density o 40 dwellings per hectare over-
all including landscape spaces. In addition
to master-planning, Feilden Clegg Bradley
Studios designed 230 o the dwellings and
subcontracted 30% to Maccreanor Laving-
ton and 10% to Alison Brooks Architects to
design the rest.
Photo: Chris Hodson
Photo: Chris Hodson Photo: Peter Cook, View Pictures
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ACCORDIA CAMBRIDGE UK
Photo: Chris Hodson Photo: Chris Hodso
Photo: Tim Crocke
Photo: Countryside Properties
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ACCORDIA CAMBRIDGE UK
Te master-planners FCBS have described
the design as including a variety o innova-
tive house and apartment types in the orm
o terraces, courtyard houses and set-piece
apartment buildings, composed within
public landscaped gardens which extend
to approximately 3 hectares around one
third o the site. Te buildings are arrangedin three dense groups o up to 65 dwellings
per hectare, separated by mature landscape,
with houses ranging in size rom three to
ve bedrooms (90 to 350 square metres)
and apartments o one, two and three bed-
rooms (45 to 145 square metres). Included
is a proportion o 30% afordable dwellings
in mixed tenure, integrated both in design
and materials with the private housing.
Te site presented a strong existing land-
scape ramework with over 700 mature
trees, so the principle design concept was
living in a large garden, inormed by lo-
cal contextual reerences taken rom the
historic college garden courts and the pub-
lic green squares known as pieces o
Cambridge. Te scheme takes an innova-
tive approach to providing gardens o many
scales, rom interior rootop spaces and in-
ternal courtyards to large semi-public com-
munity gardens. In place o conventional
house gardens, private open spaces in the
orm o courtyards, roo terraces and large
balconies are designed as an integral parto the architecture. In combination with
the generous communal gardens this aims
to reect the changing aspirations o our
modern liestyles and continues a strong
tradition o domestic architecture in Cam-
bridge.
Layouts or three typical FCBS house typesillustrating the three-dimensional approachto introducing open areas.
Let: 3-Bed Courtyard House;Centre: 4-Bed Courtyard House;Right: 4-Bed Semi-detatched House.
high density housing at its very besta new model or outside-inside liea paradigm shit in British housing
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ACCORDIA CAMBRIDGE UK
Copper has an essential role in the limited palette o materials throughout Accordi aincluding vertical acades, distinctive bay windows (seen on the let and discussed onpage 31) and dramatic curved roos (seen on the right and dis cussed on page 28-29).
COMMENTS FROM THE STIRLING PRIZE AWARD JURY ON ACC ORDIA
highdensityhousingatitsverybest,demonstratingthatvolumehouse-builders can deliver high quality architecture.
anewmodelforoutside-insidelifewithinteriorrooftopspaces,internal courtyards and large semi-public community gardensthere is common land where children saely play.
thelandscapearchitectdeservesjointcreditalongwiththethreefrms o architects. Together they have created a place that is bothsingular and cohesive so much so in act that it is hard to tell whereone architects designs stop and those o another start; wherelandscaping ends and architecture begins.
thisisarchitecturethattreatsadultsasgrown-upsandchildrenaspeople with dierent needs.
anexhilaratingprojectwhichadheredtothetenetsofmodernism,one that reinstates values that were lost rom housing in the latterpart o the 20th centurydelivering light and resh air at high density.
aparadigmshiftinBritishhousing,sendingamessagetoanindustrythat has or too long been anti-design and to politicians who haveregarded houses as targets to be achieved.
thevaluesofAccordiaarethoseBritishcitiesneedmoreof:asubtlycontrolling master-plan, a collaborative approach and an eye or both
the detail and the big picture in the landscape and the architecture.
Te master-plan was designed or pedestrian and cycle de-
mands, with landscaped pedestrian streets, mews areas
with shared suraces, discreet car parking and integrated
cycle parking or all dwellings. Each dwelling is accessed
rom an urban street side but opens out onto, and enjoys
views o a shared landscape which includes amenities or
passive and active recreation. Te orm o the buildings
is not only determined by the relationship and scale othe open space and urban rontages but also by the solar
orientation. Te larger scale apartment buildings and ter-
races are associated with the bigger open spaces and are
typically on an east/west orientation to minimise over-
shadowing o adjacent homes. Te lower terraces and
courts are arranged around the more intimate landscape
spaces with south acing terraced gardens.
Te project received strong support rom the municipal
planning authority, local residents o the area and CABE
- the governments advisor on architecture, urban design
and public space. It has also won a range o important
Awards, including the UKs top architectural award the
Royal Institute o British Architects (RIBA) Stirling Prize
in 2008, the rst housing project to do so.
Photo: Peter Cook, View Pictures
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ACCORDIA CAMBRIDGE UK
C
ompleted early on in the Accordia
project, in March 2006, these our
400m2 semi-detached houses ormpart o a row o substantial properties that
ront onto Brooklands Avenue and showcase
Accordia. Inspired by the array o unusual old
villas along Brooklands Avenue, the house de-
sign provides a exible open plan layout with
internal spaces varying in height and orienta-
tion within the envelope dened by FCBS
high density, sustainable masterplan.
Split down the middle to create a top-lit, triple
height atrium and stair hall, the two halves
are ofset to create a split level so that the liv-
ing room becomes a 4.5 metre high space. Te
ground oor was conceived as an open plan
landscape with a sunken living room, re-
place and dining areas having large glazed
areas opening onto outdoor patios and ter-
races. A single curved pre-patinated copper
roo sweeps over the top oor o each house
creating a huge open plan amily room, with
a replace, rooights and a wall o glass open
to the sky.
Te buildings are primarily clad in yellow
stock brick in line with the masterplan withopenings reely placed in the elevations. Te
ront and back acades have projecting porti-
coes to provide shading or the large areas o
south acing glazing and to create blinkers to
reduce overlooking and increase privacy.
Alison Brooks, comments: Tis house is
about spatial drama, openness and natural
light. Te split level, open planning has al-
lowed us to create a house with no corridors
and double height living spaces. Te central
atrium lls the centre o the house with light
and creates a visual connection between all
levels o the house. Te top oor amily room
is an ideal exible space- an ideal party room,
games room, or it could even be another bed-
room suite. Tis house restores some o the
glamour o living in a substantial urban villa,
but has the exibility needed by the modern
amily.
BUILDING FOCUS Four Houses by Alison Brooks Architects LL
SECTION
1 Kitch nDiningroo
3 Livingroo4 Bdroo5 G l l r i6 Bthroo
T r r c
8 StudioF i ly r oo
1 0 G r d n1 1 G r g1 Studio/gu t hou
1 2 3
4 5
6 4 7
8
9
4 5
10 11
127
2
Photo: Chris Hodson Photo: Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios
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ACCORDIA CAMBRIDGE UK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
88
4
12
3
4
5
6
7
5
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
29COPPER FORUM 26/09
Photo: Tim Crocker
Floor Plans o the pair o houses.
this house is about spatial drama,openness and natural light
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A limited palette o high quality external
materials was developed by FCBS at the
master-planning stage, which the other
architects embraced and adapted to suit
their particular architecture. FCBS Partner
Mike Keys explains: We dened the type
o architecture with the local planners rom
the start combining a modern approach
to housing and design with high quality
traditional materials with a local heritage.
Walls or the houses are generally yellow
brick, close to traditional Cambridge stock
bricks, and there is extensive use o timber
and dark coloured windows. Copper roos,
distinct areas o cladding and elements such
as the prominent bay windows harmonise
well with the brick. Ten, or the larger
apartment buildings copper becomes the
predominant acade material again sitting
comortably alongside timber elements, the
dark windows and stone gabion plinth. It
was interesting to us that copper could de-liver crisp detailing or eatures such as the
bay windows and also a soter, living sur-
ace in larger areas on apartment acades.
FCBS are no strangers to designing with
copper and regularly use the material on a
wide range o building types. In act, the
practice has been commended on a number
o occasions in the European Copper in
Architecture Awards (reported in previous
issues o Copper Forum). Mike Keys adds:
We are very comortable with the envi-
ronmental credentials o copper as a ully
sustainable material with an exceptionally
long liespan and a history o recycling. We
did commission a report on the rainwater
runof rom the copper at Accordia, as wa-
ter drains via a sustainable drainage system
(SUDS) into an historic watercourse - origi-
nally the drinking water supply to the Col-
leges. Tis revealed that runof was not an
issue. Copper gutters and downpipes both
external and hidden were used widely in
the design or visual continuity and ease o
maintenance, which we ound to be sur-
prisingly cost-efective.
Te other two architects o Accordia also
made extensive use o copper but in theirown unique way. Project architect Dominic
McKenzie explains Alison Brooks Archi-
tects particular approach: We were very
All those involved with Accordia have a longstanding commitment to sustainable design.
The buildings and landscape have been designed with sustainability principles in mind,
including the environmental perormance o each dwelling type, water usage, the meth-
ods used or construction and the materials.
COPPER AT ACCORDIA
Photo: Chris HodsonPhoto: Peter Cook, View Pictures
FCBS are no strangers to designing with copper and regularly use the materialon a wide range o building types. In act, the practice has been commended on anumber o occasions in the European Copper in Architecture Awards (reported inprevious issues o Copper Forum).
comortable with the central role o copper
as one o the FCBS master-plans external
materials. Copper roong orms an impor-
tant part o Cambridges historic skyline -
probably more so than most other British
cities and that tradition continues with
contemporary buildings. Tis aesthetic is
typied by the distinctive green patina o
the material ater long exposure to the ele-
ments and we chose pre-patinated copper to
give this vibrancy straightaway on the rst
our houses we designed. In contrast, ournext design or Accordia a 10 unit apart-
ment building takes a cut and olded
orm with brass cladding.
ACCORDIA CAMBRIDGE UK
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More Information Feilden Clegg Bradley, The Environmental Handbook Right Angle Publishing, 2007.www.cabe.org.uk, Accordia Cambridge, Housing Case Studies Commission or Architecture and the Built Environment.www.architecture.com, RIBA Stirling Prize 2008 Royal Institute o British Architecture.
Copper-clad, square bay windows are
used requently at ground and upper levels
throughout the FCBS buildings at Accor-
dia, dening an important and recogniz-
able theme. Generous glazing allows day-
light deep into the buildings and rames
the occupants views o the landscaped
surroundings. But the bay windows also
incorporate discreet side-opening copper-
clad vents to allow air in. Careul detail-
ing proved central to the success o theseelements.
FCBS partner Mike Keys says: Straight-
orward detailing with care particularly
where diferent materials meet is a hall-
mark o Accordias architecture. Te interac-
tion o the window system we selected with
the copper cladding and vents had to be
careully worked out. We were particularly
concerned to detail neat copper ashings
into the brickwork and avoid the large, un-
tidy upstands and drips too oten seen with
housing details in the UK. Te standardo copper cratsmanship was consistently
high at Accordia so that our details were
executed just as we intended.
COPPER DETAIL Bay Windows by Feilden Clegg Bradley Studi
ACCORDIA CAMBRIDGE UK
Photo: Chris Hodson
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This building is a signifcant piece
o architecture situated on the
hilltop o Lelekovice near Brno in
South Moravia, Czech Republic At
fst sight you encounter the seg-
mentation o material and col-
ours, which mutually harmonise
and create a pointed aesthetic
contrast as well a layering o
materials and shades o colours.
The design determinants came rom the
regional planning o Lelekovice and rom
the investors priorities to create harmony
o between nature, the house and living in
the house.
The house was set on a sloping terrain
with the aim o creating an architecturally
interesting building or a man and nature
living together, particularly with respect
to the choice o materials. A simple pal-
ette o three materials copper, stone and
wood determines the natural eel o the
building.
The house was set in greenery and partly
embedded into the ground in to the north.
A hall with a swimming pool on this north
side is covered with earth and one can
walk on the roo. Stairs leading rom the
hall to the rear o the plot run around an
inclining copper strip-laid roo.
The architect extends the exterior into the
interior with a continuous use o materials.
The colour scheme o the whole interior is
in subtle shades so that the wooden acing
and stone walls can create a harmony with
other elements.
Family House in Lelekovice
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33COPPER FORUM 26/09
Family house in LelekoviceLelekovice near BrnoSouth Moravia, Czech Republ5 / 2008 (approval)Ak.arch.Tom KotasIng.Libor Hledk
Name:Location:
Region:Date o Completion:
Architect:Investor:
The main part o the house is a big living
room with a kitchen and a glassed-in wall,
visually connected to the hall with a swim-
ming pool. The countryside can be viewed
through big areas o glazing One can also
watch a beautiul and colourul scenery
and enjoy the sunshine inside the house.
Spaces, shapes, colours and materials
were careully designed in detail by the ar-
chitect, orming a unique concept or the
house.
A triple combination o materials divides
the house with dierent suraces copper,
oak and various types o stones (fat stones
and boulders) rom a nearby stone pit. This
way o laying stones is unique and has not
been used yet. The colour o the chosen
copper dark brown, although in the be-
ginning it is lighter and in the process o
several months it grows darker, contrasts
with the light shade o oak acing. Wooden
areas unite the composition. Copper roos
and inclining strip-laid walls create the
most appropriate choice o roong or this
type o a house. It gives visual and aes-
thetic value and meets all the unctional
demands.
Copper is an indispensable element or ar
chitecture linking people and nature.
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34 COPPER FORUM 26/09
Since the beginning o the year copper has traded in a broad
range o USD 3,000/t and USD 3,600/t and is currently trading
around mid-range levels o USD 3,300/t. Prices strengthened
in January due to the commodity index rebalancing, and later
in early February prices traded at range highs as rumours o
strategic buying by Chinese SRB hit the market. However, the
price outlook remains weak with the real economy in recession,
credit issues prevailing and the US housing market in its
worst state in decades. We believe that copper prices have held
surprisingly well despite the weak demand picture, heavy selling
rom nancials and the lower growth outlook or the economy
and that any major rally in copper is unsustainable in the short
term given the weakness in undamentals.
Tere has been no improvement in the demand outlook. We
would rather argue that the situation seems to be getting even
worse. Key consuming sectors, automotive and construction, are
in a bad state and the demand outlook or these areas is not likely
to brighten in the medium term. For instance, US automakers
are going to cut production in relation to the US government
nancing package, and US housing starts, reported this week,
plummeted to record lows (-16.8%, 466k units, annual rate)
and were down even more than expected. Meanwhile, stimulus
packages and inrastructure spending will lend some support
to copper wire and cable demand in the medium term as will
potential buying by the SRB or the Chinese strategic reserves.
Chinese import demand has been relatively strong with Q4
2008 net rened imports up 70% y/y.
Copper Recent tradingwithin clear price range,
but still risk or new declinesBy Ukko Massinen and Thina M. Saltvedt, Nordea Commodities
We have experienced price jumps on index reweighing and strategic buying.
Weak uture outlook
Financial actors in deep short positions
Small production cuts compared to other metals
Producers have continued to curtail output in the low price
environment. A urther 100ktpy o capacity has been announced
to be taken of line. However, production cuts in copper have
been marginal compared to other metals. Tis is because a large
number o operations are cash positive even in the current price
environment. Prices will need to correct below USD 3,000/t or
the supply side to tighten signicantly. Tat said, the longer-
term supply pipeline looks thin and will result in a tighter copper
market once the economy picks up.
Copper inventories have continued to build and currently total
a mere 530k tonnes. Given the weak demand environment we
expect the levels to increase also going orward. Inventories
should be closely monitored as any change in the trend will act
as a good sign o a pick-up in physical demand.
Te Reuters semi-annual poll o metals analysts published in
January shows that copper prices in 2009 and 2010 will average
USD 3,471/t and USD 4,329/t, respectively. Tis implies that
on average prices are not expected to drit signicantly rom
current levels this year, but are likely to correct higher in the
longer run. We agree with the consensus that prices are unlikely
to move signicantly higher rom current levels in the medium
term, but we believe that prices could all below USD 3,000/t in
the coming months given weak undamentals.
February 2009
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35COPPER FORUM 26/09 35COPPER FORUM 26/09
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36 COPPER FORUM 26/09
HISTORYTe Leppsuo estate is the only City campus estate in Helsinki
with a history dat ing back to the 1940s, when the Student Union o
the University o Helsinki initiated the building o student houses.
At the turn o the millennium, the constant increase in the number
o students at the University resulted in a lack o activity and as-
sembly acilities, in particular. In addition to the Student Union,the Helsinki School o Economics, which is located near the cam-
pus and is part o the uture Aalto University, was also looking or
acilities in the area or the needs o HSE Executive Education.
Te Student Union o the University o Helsinki and the Helsinki
School o Economics joined orces in 1999 and started the design
project o the Tird Student Union Building in the only available
plot in the area, in the corner o Mechelininkatu Street and Lep-
psuonkatu Street.
Domus GaudiumThird Student Union Building
Te Old Student Union Building and the New Student Union
Building on Mannerheimintie Road had been built in 1870 and
1910, respectively. Te Tird Student Union Building was com-
pleted in Leppsuo in November 2008 and in the inauguration cer-
emony was christened Domus Gaudium, the House o Joy.
TOWNSCAPE, ARCHITECTURETe 8-storey residential buildings in Domus Academica orm anopen block structure, which is rather atypical o a downtown area,
but then they were originally located in the outskirts o the town.
As a 2-storey corner building, Domus Gaudium will integrate the
block structure and serve as a pedestal or the vertical rhythm o
the point blocks. It has adopted its scale rom the low-rise build-
ings on Mechelininkatu Street, such as the adjacent Domus library
designed by Architects Arkkitehtitoimisto Einari ersvita, which
is now known as the Helecon Inormation Centre.
Student House Domus Gaudium is an interesting project in many ways. It is the most recent ad
dition among student houses in Finland. The tradition o student unions building their ow
houses was reinorced toward the end o the 19th century. Signicant student houses in
clude e.g. the old Poli, i.e. the House o the Student Union o the Helsinki Universit
o Technology designed by architects Karl Lindahl and Walter Thom and bui
in 1903 as well as the new Dipoli student union house designed by arch
tects Reima and Raili Pietil and built in the 1960s in Espoo, whe
the University o Technology moved into Otaniemi in Espoo
Domus Gaudeum represents a building designe
to support the activities o student unions in
downtown campus o a small metropol
tan area, Helsinki. The contempora
ry architecture o the buildin
is resh and excellent
adapted to th
townscap
Photo: Jussi Tiainen
Esko Miettinen, architect SAFA
Pekka Ojalammi, architect SAFA
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38 COPPER FORUM 26/09
INTERIOR A partly 3-storey lobby extending rom the entrance on Meche-
lininkatu Street to the entrance on Domus square acts as the unc-
tional and spatial axis o the interior acilities. Te most dominat-
ing element o the lobby in terms o space is a body with rounded
edges oating on the level o the second oor, seemingly separated
rom everything else. Te orm o this body, which contains two
lecture rooms, has been achieved with gypsum boards bent round
the curved steel rame. Te steel arches o the rame are xed with60 cm spacing to the concrete slabs o the roo and the intermediate
oor. Te auditorium wall which separates the body rom the team-
work rooms is hollow and carries building services. Most o the
load-bearing columns are spiral welded steel composite columns
lled with concrete. Beams are Delta steel beams.
Te typical character o the central lobby is also enhanced by two
walkways o steel construction, which run along the ull length o
the lobby connecting the various oor levels in terms o both access
and visual expression. Te tall lobby brings light into the under-
ground basement oor, which contains acilities also included in
the oor area o the building. Te lobby connects these acilities di-
rectly with the acilities located under the Domus Square courtyard
and in the basement o the D building. Tese acilities were also
renovated and converted simultaneously with the building project
o Domus Gaudium.
Te ormer Alibi Restaurant, or example, was completely reno-
vated and reurbished in this connection. Natural lighting in the
restaurant was essentially improved by a new glass pyramid o steel
construction, which opens up to the Domus Square. Te new gala
room o the Student Union was built in the lower basement under
the restaurant and or this reason the basement had to be loweredca. 1.5 m. Many other acoustically challenging acilities were also
realised in the basement, such as band rehearsal rooms and a small
music hall. All the ceiling, oor and wall suraces o these acilities
were separated rom the concrete rame o the building by multiple
layers o gypsum boards mounted on steel structures.
Te underground acilities o the buildings also provide parking
space or ca. 100 cars.
Photos: Jussi Tiainen10m (MK 1:150)
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Site plan
10m (MK1:250)
10m (MK 1:500)
1 st foor
Ground foor
DOMUS GAUDIUM, THIRD STUDENT HOUSEADDRESS: Leppsuonkatu 11, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
SCOPE: Total areaNew building 6 130 m2 renovated building part 5 950 m 2
Volume, new building 26 700 m3 renovated building part 23 680 m3
COSTS: New building 14.5 million Renovated building part ca. 11 million
CLIENT: Kiinteist OY Lepptalo/Student Union o the University o HelsinkiConstruction Project Manager Jukka Leinonen
Helsinki School o Economics, Facilities AdministrationArchitect Juha Kurki
PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONSULTAT / PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONTRACTOR
SWECO CMU Oy
Aku Kallio, Jouni Pessala
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN:
Architects Arkkitehtitoimisto Brunow & Maunula OyArchitect Juhani Maunula, head designer 1999-2006Architect Pekka Ojalammi, head designer 2006-2008Architect Susan Niemel, head designer o renovated building part
Mechelin
inkatu
Leppsuonkatu
10m (MK1:500)
COPPER FORUM 26/09
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