inglesv sesión4 imprimible vf

8/18/2019 InglesV Sesión4 Imprimible Vf

1/17

saber hacer para com

Universidad Tecnológica Santa Catarina

• Educación a Distancia •1

Session 4 Applying for a job

English V

Objective

Introduction

During this session you will practice your skills such as: preparing for a job interview, knowing how toanswer the correct questions and the use of conjunctions.

All this is essential to you professional practice, company recruiters are seeking for candidates thatare fully capable to attend a job interview, hence the importance of being prepared.

Now, this can also prepare you to be on the other side: being an interviewer in a job interview orreading a resume from an applicant. So it is important to learn all the aspects that these documentsmust contain.

In past sessions you have learned topics that will help you with your writing skills and some other thatwill help you with your social skills. During this session you will practice how to connect ideas andthoughts.

It is also vital to be prepared for a job interview, because not everything can be said written in a pieceof paper. You must show your social skills and stand by your resume by showing a great presentationin you job interview. Don’t be nervous and study thoroughly the following session to make thingseasier for you.


2/17




Session 4 Applying for a jobEnglish V

4.1 Conjunctions

Most simply, conjunctions connect things. They allow us to make longer more complexsentences.

See the video: Schoolhouse Rock: Grammar - Conjunction Junction Music Video in the link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPoBE-E8VOc

There are four types of conjunctions:

Coordinating conjunction Connects a word, a phrase or a clause of equal weight.

Subordinating

conjunction

Only connects clauses and in doing so creates a

subordinate clause.

Correlative conjunction Operates in pairs to connect sentence elements.

Conjunctive adverb Creates a relationship between ideas in the sentence.

a) Coordinating

- A coordinating conjunction is a single word that joins words, phrases, and clauses of equalgrammatical construction.

Examples:

Knives and spoons (noun & noun),

Run or shout (verb & verb),

Down the stairs and around the house. (Prepositional phrase & prepositional phrase)

- Coordinating conjunctions also join complete sentences, i.e., independent clauses. Theseconjunctions also imbue equal grammatical weight, or rank, to the joined elements.

b) Correlative

- A correlative conjunction is a paired conjunction that, like a coordinating conjunction, joins elementsof equal grammatical construction.- Correlative conjunctions also imbue equal grammatical weight to elements they join.- These paired conjunctions join equal elements within an independent clause, forming compoundelements, i.e., subject & subject, verb & verb, object & object, etc., and they can also join independentclauses.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPoBE-E8VOchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPoBE-E8VOc


3/17





c) Subordinating

- A subordinating conjunction is an adverb that introduces a subordinate adverbial clause and joinsthe subordinate clause to the rest of the sentence.

- The idea, or proposition, expressed by the subordinate clause has less grammatical weight (rank orimportance) than the idea expressed by the main clause.- Subordinating conjunctions are not true conjunctions; their name, however, derives from their abilityto join clauses.- Most subordinators are a single word, but some are composed of two or more words, i.e., a phrase.

d) Conjunctive adverb

- A conjunctive adverb is an adverb or adverbial phrase that joins two independent clauses (like acoordinating conjunction) while providing adverbial emphasis.- Conjunctive adverbs are not considered true conjunctions.- Additionally, conjunctive adverbs sometimes function as connectors (something like a bridge)

between words or phrases, linking entire sentences or paragraphs.- Conjunctive adverbs performing this function are called transitional elements or transitions.- Finally, an adverbial word or phrase can function as an expletive, also called a function word orfunction.- An expletive is an exclamatory word inserted into a sentence that adds nothing to the meaning ofthe sentence; furthermore, these words have no grammatical function within a sentence.

See the video Conjunction Types in the link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygDQvZ1yFXs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygDQvZ1yFXshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygDQvZ1yFXshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygDQvZ1yFXs


4/17





4.2 Coordinating conjunctions

There are 7 coordinating conjunctions: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet and So.

For (used to mean seeing that, since or because) and yet (used to mean though, still, ornevertheless) can only join clauses.

a) For

The word for is most often used as a preposition, of course, but it does serve, on rare occasions, as acoordinating conjunction. “For” has serious sequential implications and in its use the order of thoughtsis more important than it is, say, with because or since.

Its function is to introduce the reason for the preceding clause: “John thought

he had a good chance to get the job, for his father was on the company’s board oftrustees.”

b) Yet

The word yet functions sometimes as an adverb and has several meanings: in addition, even, still,eventually, and so soon as now. It also functions as a coordinating conjunction meaning somethinglike "nevertheless" or "but."

The word yet seems to carry an element of distinctiveness that but cans seldom

registers: “John plays basketball well, yet his favorite sport is badminton.”

“The visitors complained loudly about the heat, yet they continued to play golf every day.” Yet issometimes combined with other conjunctions, but or and. It would not be unusual to see and yet insentences like the ones above. This usage is acceptable.

c) And

Joins two propositions (ideas).

- One idea is chronologically sequential to another. "Tashonda sent in her applications and waitedby the phone for a response."

- One idea is the result of another. "Willie heard the weather report and promptly boarded up his

house."

- One idea is in contrast to another (frequently replaced by but in this usage): "Juanita is brilliant

and Shakira has a pleasant personality.

- An element of surprise (sometimes replaced by yet in this usage): "Hartford is a rich city and

suffers from many symptoms of urban blight."


5/17





- One clause is dependent upon another, conditionally (usually the rst clause is an

imperative): “Use your credit cards frequently and you’ll soon nd yourself deep in debt.”

- A kind of comment on the rst clause: “Charlie became addicted to gambling — and that

surprised no one who knew him.”

d) Nor

Used in negative expressions.

Its most common use is as the little brother in the correlative pair, neither-nor.

e) But

Joins two contrastive propositions (ideas).

- A contrast that is unexpected in light of the rst clause. "Joey lost a fortune in the stock market,but he still seems able to live quite comfortably."- An afrmative sense what the rst part of the sentence implied in a negative way (sometimesreplaced by on the contrary): "The club never invested foolishly, but used the services of a sageinvestment counselor."- To connect two ideas with the meaning of "with the exception of" (and then the second wordtakes over as subject): "Everybody but Julie is trying out for the team."

f) Or

Joins two alternative propositions (ideas).

- To suggest that only one possibility can be realized, excluding one or the other: “You can studyhard for this exam or you can fail.”- To suggest the inclusive combination of alternatives: “We can broil chicken on the grill tonight, orwe can just eat leftovers.-

To suggest arenement of the rst clause

: “Smith College is the premier all-women’s college inthe country, or so it seems to most Smith College alumnae.”- To suggest a restatement or “correction” of the rst part of the sentence: “There are norattlesnakes in this canyon, or so our guide tells us.”- To suggest a negative condition: “The New Hampshire state motto is the rather grim “Live free ordie.”- To suggest a negative alternative without the use of an imperative (see use of and above):“They must approve his political style or they wouldn’t keep electing him mayor.”


6/17





f) Or

Be careful of the conjunction SO.

- Sometimes it can connect two independent clauses along with a comma, but sometimes it can’t. Forinstance, in this sentence, “Soto is not the only Olympic athlete in his family, so are his brother, sister,and his Uncle Chet.”- Where the word so means “as well” or “in addition,” most careful writers would use a semicolonbetween the two independent clauses. In the following sentence, where so is acting like a minor-league “therefore,” the conjunction and the comma are adequate to the task: “Soto has always beennervous in large gatherings, so it is no surprise that he avoids crowds of his adoring fans.”- Sometimes, at the beginning of a sentence, so will act as a kind of summing up device or transition,

and when it does, it is often set off from the rest of the sentence with a comma: “So, the sheriffperemptorily removed the child from the custody of his parents.”- Joins elements of equal grammatical construction, e.g., two or more nouns, verbs, phrases, orclauses.- Can join two or more independent clauses into a single sentence.- When doing this, they are also joining propositions, or ideas, expressed in each independent clause.- Lend equal weight, or importance, to the grammatical elements they join.

Then is a conjunction, but it is not one of the little conjunctions listed at the top of this page. Wecan use the FANBOYS conjunctions to connect two independent clauses; usually, they will beaccompanied (preceded) by a comma. Too many students think that then works the same way:

“Caesar invaded Gaul, then he turned his attention to England.” You can tell the difference betweenthen and a coordinating conjunction by trying to move the word around in the sentence.

First idea (the cause) results in second idea (the effect).

See the video FANBOYS: Coordinating Conjunctions in the link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-catJZm_2TI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-catJZm_2TIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-catJZm_2TIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-catJZm_2TI


7/17





4.3 Subordinating conjunctions

Additionally, the subordinate clause also introduces a new idea, or proposition, into the sentence. Thenew proposition expressed by the subordinate clause is said to carry less weight, or importance, thanthe idea expressed by the main sentence clause. (More on propositions.)

We might also note that a subordinate adverbial clause modies the main sentence clause byintroducing one of the following concepts into the main sentence clause: addition, cause & effect,comparison, concession, contrast, emphasis, example, summary, or sequence. Many adverbial words

and phrases can function as subordinating conjunctions; following is a list of those frequently used inEnglish. (More on subordinating conjunctions.)

Adverbial words frequently used in English.

A subordinating conjunction is an adverb or adverbial phrase that introduces intoa sentence a subordinate adverbial clause, which functions to adverbially modify themain sentence clause or a part of the main sentence clause, usually the main verb.

After Although As As if

As long as As

thoughBecause Before

Even

thoughIf

In order

that

Provided

that

Rather

thanSince So that Than

Though Unless Until When

Whenever Where Whereas Wherever

Whether While As soon

as

A subordinate conjunction is an adverb that introduces a subordinate adverbial clause into the main

sentence, i.e., the main clause. Grammatically, a subordinate adverbial clause can modify an entiremain clause or just a part of the main clause, although it usually modies a verb within the mainclause. The subordinate adverbial clause will always answer the question when, where, how, why,under what condition, or to what degree an action occurred or a situation existed regarding the wordor words it modies.


8/17





In addition to its function as modier, a subordinate clause also introduces (adds) its own idea, orproposition, to the proposition expressed by the main clause, which contains the core idea expressedby the sentence. The idea expressed by the subordinate clause is ancillary to that expressed by themain clause. The idea, or proposition, expressed by the subordinate clause is sometimes described

as being lesser in rank to that of the main proposition. Although their name suggests otherwise,subordinating conjunctions are not true conjunctions; but the name derives from their ability toincorporate into a sentence another idea in addition to the idea expressed by the main clause.

Because many subordinating conjunctions can also function as other parts of speech, these adverbsare identied by function alone. All subordinating conjunctions are adverbs or adverbial phrases, butnot all adverbs or adverbial phrases are subordinating conjunctions. Some adverbs can, for instance,function as conjunctive adverbs, which include transitions and adverbial expletives.

See the video Subordinating Conjunctions in the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCGiSFmZky4

See the video Correlatives - Coordinate conjunctions used in pairs in the link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81c7y491okg

4.4 Job interviews

Now that you have learned how to make your own resume, it is important for you to understand how job interviews are done. An interview lets you learn more about the job and the company. Interviewsalso let employers learn about you.

A job interview is a meeting between you and an employer.

See the video Job Interview Tips - How to Prepare For a Job Inter view in the link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPgqahq6Yqc

Employers consider the interview the most important part of the hiring process. The interview allowsyou to make an in-person impression on your potential employer. This impression can be good, but it

can also be bad. So even if you have a good cover letter and resume, you will have to do well duringyour interview in order to make a positive impression.

There are a few easy but very important steps you should complete to prepare for your job interview:

1. Research the company and the job so that you can answer (and ask) detailed questions aboutthe organization and the position. Find out as much as you can about the company. Here are somequestions to answers:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCGiSFmZky4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCGiSFmZky4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81c7y491okghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81c7y491okghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPgqahq6Yqchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPgqahq6Yqchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPgqahq6Yqchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81c7y491okghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCGiSFmZky4


9/17





Questions about the organi-zation

What does the company do, and what servicesdoes it provide?

What is the company’s mission?

What are some of the company’s goals?

How many employees does it have?

Is it local, or does it have multiple locations?

Is it a union shop?

What are some of it newest products or projects

Who are the company’s competitors?

What types of employees does the companyhire?

When was the company established?

What is the company’s nancial status?

Questions about the job

- What is the job, and what will you have to do?

What are the daily responsibilities?

What sort of physical labor is involved?

What sort of technology or computer labor isinvolved?

Is the location of the job different or the sameas the company’s location?

Is there travel involved in the job? If so, isit long distance and how often will you beexpected to travel?

What sort of past experience will you need?

What sort of specic skills will you need?

Does the job call for any special licenses(Commercial Driver’s License), certication, ortraining?

What sorts of benets are related to the job,and what is the salary?


10/17





You may not be able to nd specic answers for these questions. But it is good to have a general ideaof salary and benets for the type of job you want.

Remember that you can contact the company directly to nd answers to most of these questions.

2. Review your resume and cover letter and are able to speak in detail about youraccomplishments and how you can help the company.

Write a Resume or Cover Letter

Resumes, cover letters, curriculum vitae (CV’s), LinkedIn proles, personal statements and employercorrespondence play an integral role in your internship or job hunt. In almost every situation, thesedocuments are the employer’s rst impression of your skills and professionalism. As you craft eachof these documents you are creating a personal brand for yourself that will precede your face-to-faceinteraction with an employer. Therefore, each of your documents should be awless in spelling and

grammar, consistent in content and message and tailored specically to the employer, company andposition.

As you draft these documents, keep the job description at the forefront of your mind. Make sure youemphasize experiences in your resume and examples in your cover letter that are consistent with theskills the company is looking for in their next hire.

Resume, Cover Letter and LinkedIn Prole Reviews

Once you’ve written the rst draft of your resume or cover letter, swing by for our daily walk-in resumeand cover letter reviews on Monday through Thursday 1:30 – 4:30 p.m. Exceptions: extended hours 1

– 5 p.m. on September 14 and 15. There will be no reviews on November 25, 26, or 27. The last dayof reviews for the semester will be December 4th.

If you’re applying for a specic position, bring the job description with you so we can help you bestemphasize your qualications for that company. Whether it’s formatting, content, grammar or spelling,we can help ensure that your rst impression lasts.

First impressions are important and your LinkedIn prole is often the rst link that occurs whenGoogling your name. We have added LinkedIn prole reviews alongside our scheduled daily resumeand cover letter reviews. Make sure your on-line presence matches the quality of your resume. Stopby during scheduled review hours to receive tips and advice to polish up your LinkedIn prole prior.

See the video How to Write a Great Resume and Cover Letter in the link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTh4HJpD3j8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTh4HJpD3j8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTh4HJpD3j8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTh4HJpD3j8


11/17





3. Practice your interview with someone. Have your friend use the interview questions below. Yourmock interviews should cover every part of the interview. You should wear the same clothes, hairstyleand jewelry you will wear at the interview.

Practicing is one of the best ways to prepare for a job interview. A mock interview with a professionalis one way to learn and practice interviewing skills. Another is to use an online interview preparationtool. Both of those are fee-based options, but you can still practice even if you can’t affordprofessional assistance.

To more information click the link:http://jobsearch.about.com/od/practice/a/online-practice-interviews.htm

- Do-It-Yourself Interviewing Practice

There are a number of ways to prepare for an interview at home without the help of a professionalcareer counselor or coach or a fee-based service. You can practice interviews all by yourself or recruitfriends and family to assist you.

- Practice Answering Interview Questions.

The simplest way to prepare is to create a list of common interview questions and answer eachquestion out loud. The more you practice, the more you will be prepared to respond during an actual

job interview.

- Use Flashcards.

Write the questions down on ashcards. By shufing the ashcards, you will become comfortable

answering questions in any order.- Record Yourself Practicing.

If you have a webcam, video camera or tape recorder, record your responses and play them back.

Assess your body language (if you have a video camera) and your answers to the questions. How isyour posture and eye contact? Are you dgeting? Are your answers too long-winded? Do you soundcondent? If you do not have a video camera or tape recorder, practice in front of the mirror.

- Recruit a Friend or Family Member.

You can also give a list of questions to a friend or family member and have them interview you.

- Ask your practice interviewer for constructive feedback.

Practicing with a friend or family member will provide you with a comfortable, safe environment forhoning your interviewing skills and receiving feedback.

- Dress the Part.

One way to make a do-it-yourself practice interview seem more like an actual job interview is to dressin interview attire. Not only will dressing the part make you feel like you are heading to a real jobinterview, it will also give you the opportunity to make sure that your interview clothes are in order andyou’re ready to go.

http://jobsearch.about.com/od/practice/a/online-practice-interviews.htmhttp://jobsearch.about.com/od/practice/a/online-practice-interviews.htmhttp://jobsearch.about.com/od/practice/a/online-practice-interviews.htm


12/17





- Set Up an Interview Space.

It will also feel more like an actual interview if you set up an interview space.

Even if it’s your kitchen table (cleared of clutter) with a chair on either side, one for you and one forthe interviewer, it will set the scene for your practice interview to be more formal.

Practicing your interview skills will help reduce stress during your actual interview, and will allow youto focus on connecting with your interviewer rather than struggling to come up with answers. Themore familiar you are with the types of interview questions you’ll be asked, the better prepared youwill be to interview.

You can visit the page “About Careers”, here's a list of practice interview questionsfor a var iety of occupations, types of jobs and types of interviews to review. Click to the link: http://jobsearch.about.com/od/practice/a/practice-interview-questions.htm

Taking some time to practice will boost your condence and help you ace your job interviews.

4.5 Tips for job interviews

Job interviews can be a sweat inducing experience. Here are the most common job interviewquestions and how to answer them.

See the video 25 Most Common Job Interview Questions And How To Answer Themin the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aw1ekqxULTs

Here are the answers to a lot of frequent questions, regarding job interviews:

What should I wear to my interview?

Employers expect job candidates to dress nicely for interviews. What you wear and how you styleyour hair sends a message to the employer. So, it is good to dress conservatively for your interview.

But it is also good to t into the company’s culture and what they wear at work. So if you are confusedabout what to wear, you can use these lists adapted from How to Get a Job and Keep It(2007):

http://jobsearch.about.com/od/practice/a/practice-interview-questions.htmhttp://jobsearch.about.com/od/practice/a/practice-interview-questions.htmhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aw1ekqxULTshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aw1ekqxULTshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aw1ekqxULTshttp://jobsearch.about.com/od/practice/a/practice-interview-questions.htm


13/17





What to wear in an interview

Women

Matching skirted suit (rst best

choice)

Matching pantsuit (second best

choice)

Jacket with a skirt

Jacket with a dress

Jacket with slacks

Men

Matching suit (best choice)

Blazer with slacks

Sport coat with slacks

Shirt with tie and slacks

Sweater with slacks

If you do not have these types of clothes, check with your local employment agency to see if there is

a community service that provides dress clothes for interviews. Many community “closets” have suitsyou can have or borrow for interviews.


14/17





What not to do or wear

Women

No heavy makeup

No provocative clothing (see-through, tight, slits, super-short

skirts)

No ashy jewelry

No strappy shoes, sandals, or towering heels

No big hair or elaborate styles

No hosiery runs or designer stockings

Men

No sagging coat lining or saggy pants

No ve o’clock shadows (be cleanly shaved, and if you

have a beard or other facial hair, make sure it’s neatly

trimmed)

No short or white socks

No mismatched belts and shoes (same color leather)

No ties too short or too long or bowties

No wrinkled or soiled clothing

Both

No tinted glasses

No joke or fad watches

No visible body piercing or multiple earrings in one ear

No visible body art; cover tattoos if possible

No inconsistent look – no sneakers with suits


15/17





What should I do during my interview?

Employers respect and like job candidates who look professional, who are relaxed, polite, andcondent. Preparing for your interview will help you to relax and be condent. The following list,

adapted from Interviews for Dummies (2012) will help you be polite and make a positive impression:

- Arrive at least 10 minutes early for the interview (always leave extra time to get lost or get stuck intrafc) and turn off your cell phone- Bring extra copies of your cover letter and résumé- Exude condence: Smile, hold your head high, shoulders back, and walk with vigor.- Radiate friendliness: Greet everyone (including the receptionist) with warmth.- Be positive: Do not talk badly about yourself, other people, or complain about anything.- Extend yourself: Offer a rm, strong handshake at the beginning and end of an interview- Use eye contact: Maintain eye contact during your interview, glancing away occasionally, butalways remaining focused on the person you are talking with

- Gesture naturally: Find a home base for your hands and let your gestures add interest to yourconversation – do not pick at your nails, tap your feet, straiten your hair, or bite your lips.- Display respect: Don’t use rst names unless you are asked to, rise when you greet someone, andbe a good listener.- Be mindful of good manners: Turn off your cell phone and do not eat, chew gum, smoke, or wearfragrance.- Be gracious: Thank the interviewer for his or her time, write and mail a thank you/follow-up letter sothat it arrives no more than one week after the interview.

What should I not do during my interview?

X Arrive lateX Dress inappropriatelyX Appear unprofessionalX Address people by their rst namesX Drink alcohol or smoke before the interview or use cologne or breath mints to cover up smoker’sbreathX Sit down right away without greeting and shaking hands with everyoneX Mumble or speak too loudly or quicklyX Slouch or sit too rigidlyX Stuff your hands in your pockets

What should I do after my interview?

In order to thank the employer and continue the interview process, write a thank you or follow upletter. Make sure you send the letter so that it arrives within seven days of the interview. If you havenot heard back from the employer within ten days, you may call to ask about the job.

To nish this lesson we recommended see the video How to Sell Yourself in a JobInterview in the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohESy9o2YPk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohESy9o2YPkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohESy9o2YPkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohESy9o2YPk


16/17





Conclusion

A lot was learned during this session: conjunctions, vocabulary, and job interviews. Using these topics

well will denitely help you in your professional life.

It is vital to know how to reect a good personality and to give the right message to the interviewer. Apply what was learned and feel free to reect the whole picture about whom you are and what youhave to offer to others.

Glossary

Ahead. To or toward the place where someone is going.

Applicant. Someone who formally asks for something (such as a job or admission to a college),someone who applies for something.

Coordinate. Equal in rank, quality, or signicance.

Conjunctions. A word that joins together sentences, clauses, phrases, or words.

Hire. To give work or a job to (someone) in exchange for wages or a salary.

Manners. The way that a person normally behaves especially while with other people

Mindful. Aware of something that may be important.

Regarding. Relating to (something).

Skirted. A piece of clothing worn by women and girls that hangs from the waist down.

Stock. A share of the value of a company, which can be bought, sold, or traded as an investment.


17/17

saber hacer para comSession 4 Applying for a jobEnglish V

References

Fuchs, M. (2009). Longman Focus on Grammar 3 - 3rd Edition An Integrated Skill Approach. United

States: Pearson Longman

Kennedy, Joyce Lain. (2000). Job Interviews for Dummies. 2nd Ed. New York: Hungry Minds. Print.

Mc Carthy, M. (2008). Touchstone 2 Full Contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Murphy, R. (1985). English Grammar in Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Richards. J. (2012). Interchange Level 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

inglesv sesión4 imprimible vf

Documents