eramagazine nr 18

7/31/2019 Eramagazine Nr 18

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2/55

Ghhm ?97? & Hqfam 75

A_GFGLGSDHA

A_GFGLGSDHA & GHHM ?97? & FAZA LDQLHM & H 75

Aqrmyagh _gndmgfg~aqrz Gzzmjdg~dmh

A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg ?

D pmbmh~grd nd A(_(G( Zdsdghm %YP$ g Jgpassm %FM$ yar yraz~gra gdq~m

Zasdmha A(_(G( nd Zdsdghm

Yar d jmfymhah~d bg Zasdmha A(_(G( nd Zdsdghm" b,g~~dpd~ nd zmz~alhm gbb,afarlahsg Afdbdg_mfglhg" argdhdsdg~g jmh bg ygr~ajdygsdmha" ng ygr~a nad rgndmgfg~mrd dk?zlp %Zdsdghm$ a ds?dy` %Z~rgnabbg$ gbbg fglbdgrgndm hgsdmhgba A(_(G( g~~dpg~g db ?< fglldm jmh b,dhz~gbbgsdmha a fazzg dhmyarg nd gh~ahha nandjg~a (Dhz~gbbg~d lbd dfydgh~d garad an a`à~~qg~m db jmbbalgfah~m jmh bg z~gsdmhajgymfglbdg dw7ew nd Ymhnarghm %Odabbg$" zd yrmjanq~m gb fmhd~mrglldm

nabbg `rawqahsg n,afarlahsg yar db fgh~ahdfah~m nad jmbbalgfah~d(Hab `rg~~afym" db Ndalm eg gpq~m bg oabbg dnag nd `gra wqgbjmzg nd ydjmhjra~m yar gdq~gra ba yarzmha nabba smha jmbyd~a" jmz zdgfm grrdpg~d gbbgjmhjbqzdmha nd g~~dpgrjd gb `dha nd rgjjmlbdara lahard nd yrdfg hajazzd~ ngdhpdgra habba smha ~arrafm~g~a(Yar hmd arg qh,dhjmlhd~g" hmh zgyapgfm jmfa gpraooa rdzymz~m bgjd~~gndhghsg" jmfqhwqa" gpq~m b,gyymlldm nad halmsdgh~d" b,ah~qzdgzfm nabPdhdjdm a zdlhmrg jd eg oah yrandzymz~m" goodgfm ymr~g~m d fghdàz~dhd ngazymrra" nghnm jmz db pdg g wqaz~g dhdsdg~dpg yar hmd zjmhmzjdq~g(Bg rdzymz~g ghng~g mb~ra gn mlhd hmz~rg rmzag gzya~~g~dpg" an db paharnymfardlldm" nmym b,qb~dfm ldrm nd rgjjmb~g" jd zdgfm razd jmh~m nabbg wqgh~d~nd lahard gbdfah~grd a hmh jea gpapgfm g ndzymzdsdmha" yramjjqyghnmjd yar

db ~rgzymr~m; ~afapgfm jea db `qrlmha Farjanaz Zyrdh~ar hmh zgraooaogz~g~m" fg ymd" q~dbdssghnm oaha bm zygsdm g ndzymzdsdmha" d hmz~rd pmbmh~grdzmhm rdqzjd~d g `grjd z~gra ~q~~m a" ymjm yrdfg nabbg fassghm~~a" db `qrlmhaarg jgrdjm a yrmh~m yar bg ygr~ahsg(Gbba mra 0"99 nab fg~~dhm nd zgog~m 4 Ldqlhm" ygr~ahsg nd Ndalm" Fgrjm aYgmbm yar Jgpassm %FM$ nmpa bd g~~ahnapghm d jmh~g~~d g jqd jmhzalhgra dlahard rgjjmb~d(Zdhm g Jgryd ~q~~g gq~mz~rgng" ymd b,qb~dfm yassm nd ~rgld~~m yarjmrrahnm bgz~g~gba jmhz~g~ghnm pdzdpgfah~a bg nrgffg~djd~ nalbd a`à~~d nab zdzfg; dh~ard jmhnmfdhd dhgldodbd a jd~~gndhd

gjjgfyg~d dh mlhd zygsdm parna ndzymhdodba(

Grrdpg~d g Jgpassm %FM$" db ~afym nd zjgrdjg~a db

fg~ardgba" `gra wqgbjea `m~mlrg`dg yarrdjmrngra" qhg orapa dh~arpdz~g jmh dbrazymhzgodba nabbg yrm~asdmha jdpdba nab ymz~ma" habba yrdfa mra nab ymfardlldm" rdah~rm gZdsdghm %YP$(

^q~~m jmhzdnarg~m" z~g~g qh,azyardahsgymzd~dpg jea zdjqrgfah~a" jmh b,gdq~m nadjd~~gndhd" rdya~arafm(Fg g hqbbg zgraooa pgbzm db hmz~rm z`mrsm zahmh jd `mzzarm z~g~a ba yarzmha" bmjgbd a hmh"gsdahna a halmsd jea jd eghhm ng~m `dnqjdg"

jmz pmlbdgfm rdhlrgsdgra3 (Jmh~dhqg

yrmpdhjdgbaygpdgIarg(aq


3/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg :



Ba yarzmha jea hmh jmhmzjdgfm fg jea eghhm jmh~rdoqd~m3Gzzmjdgsdmha @m~mraymr~ar %Zdsdghm$Ogkart Zarpdja jmh d zqmd ndyahnah~d %@dssmhgzjm nd ydapa Afghqba$

Oagq~t auyrazz %Bgjjedgrabbg$ ^d~mbgrd a ndyahnah~d yar bg ndzymhdodbd~;

Jbafgh %Zdsdghm$ ^d~mbgrd a ndyahnah~d yar bg ndzymhdodbd~

Aydn,Mr %Z~rgnabbg$

@dbdyymAbdzg %Z~rgnabbg$

Db yarzmhgba nabbg Fdzjm Z(Y(G( %Bgjjedgrabbg$

Db Jrgb nabbg _mjea Z(Y(G(

Ygmbm Sghnd %yar db fassm nd ~rgzymr~m$

^rajm Jmh~rmzm``d~~g~qra

Ng hmd" fg zmyrg~~q~~m ngbbg jmfqhd~ nd Jgpassm"%FM$ db hmz~rm yd zdhjarm L_GSDA'Zasdmha A_GZdsdghm

Ygmbm Jedhjgrdhd Dk?ZLP


4/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg >



Bg zasdmha A(_(G( nd Zdsdghm %YP$ pdjdhg gd jd~~gndhd nd Jgpassm %FM$" bmjgbd~ jmbyd~g ngd ~arrafm~d jeaqb~dfgfah~a eghhm fgr~mrdg~m bAfdbdg _mfglhg ; dh wqaz~m jgzm pd fmz~rdgfm gbjqha `m~m nmpa d hmz~rdjmhzmjd eghhm ymr~g~m lahard nd yrdfg hajazzd~ gb jmfqha fmnahaza(

Db Pdnam bm yqmd pdzdmhgra zdg jdjjghnm zqb bdhk jea jmh db ogrjmna

e~~y3--|||(tmq~qoa(jmf-|g~je=p6YcHgCSrK0\G&`ag~qra6tmq~q(oa

Pmrrad rdpmblara qh lrgsda ygr~djmbgra gd jmhzmjd A_G

nabbg zasdmha nd Zdsdghm %YP$ yar bmyarg qfghd~grdg yraz~g~g" O_GPD'Ds


5/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg 1

?97? ghhm dh~arhgsdmhgba nabb, aharldg zmz~ahdodba

yrmjbgfg~m ngbb,MHQ a ngbb,QHAZJM

Yrafazzg

Bg Bqhg" db hmz~rm zg~abbd~a( Ja jed bg na`dhdzja qh zgzzm zahsg ~afym; gb~rd rd~ahlmhm jea" nmym bm zogrjmnabb,qmfm" mrfgd" hmh eg yd hqbbg ng rgjjmh~gra; gb~rd ghjmrg g`àrfghm jea db jbgzzdjm ogjdm gb jedgr nd bqhgjmh bg fmrmzg hmh yrmnqja yd b,a`à~~m rmfgh~djm nd qh ~afym( Zaforg yrmyrdm jea nabbg Bqhg hmh lbddfymr~g yd hdah~a g hazzqhm( D ~afyd jgfodghm' Fg" bg Bqhg" ghjea za gyygrah~afah~a dffmodba hab~afym" hmh jazzg fgd nd z~qydra( Zaooaha bg zqg pdjdhghsg gbbg ârrg jd jmhzah~a nd mzzarpgrbg jmh fmb~g`gjdbd~" zmhm ngpparm ~gh~a ba jmza jea ghjmrg hmh jmhmzjdgfm nd azzg( Ha jmhzalqa jea" fmb~d àhmfahdzabahdjd" gn mlld" jd zmhm ghjmrg zjmhmzjdq~d( Fg bm z~qndm zq wqaz~m rdfmrjedm jea db hmz~rm Ydgha~g zd~rgzjdhg nda~rm ng fdbdgrnd nd ghhd jmh~dhqg zafyra( Bg rdjarjg nd àhmfahd" wqgbd gn azafydm3 d Nmfd Bqhgrd"d ^rghzdah~d a bg Dmhmzàrg Bqhgra zmhm zmb~gh~m qhg ygr~a nad zalra~d nab hmz~rm zg~abbd~a hg~qrgba( Yar jqd"hmh jd raz~g jea gyyrm`mhndra b,grlmfah~m yar jarjgra nd jgydra bg hg~qrg nab àhmfahm( @mbbm| fa(((

Bg ~amrdg yd gjjrand~g~g pana b,mrdldha nabbg Bqhg nmpq~g gn qhg gh~djg `qzdmha jmh qh gb~rm zg~abbd~a nabbgârrg" g zalqd~m nd dfyg~~m ~rg nd bmrm( Wqaz~m jd bgzjdg jgydra jea" dh yrdhjdydm" db hmz~rm Ydgha~g gpazza yd ndqh zg~abbd~a hg~qrgba jea lbd mrod~gzza dh~mrhm % wqgh~m zmz~ahlmhm nqa zjdahsdg~d3 Ardk Gzyegql nabJgbd`mrhdg Qhdparzd~t a Fgr~dh Cq~sd nabb,Qhdparzd~ nd Oarhg$( Pa ba dffgldhg~a nqa Bqha hab jdabm zargba= Qhmzjahgrdm `gh~gzjdah~d`djm' Ayyqra" nmym qh rajah~a z~qndm" bg bmrm ~amrdg eg rdzjmzzm db jmhzahzm nabbgJmfqhd~ Zjdah~d`djg Dh~arhgsdmhgba" ~gh~m ng yqoobdjgrbg zqbbg yraz~dldmzg rdpdz~g Hg~qra( Zafyra zajmhnm bg~amrdg nd wqaz~d bqfdhgrd nabbg zjdahsg" ygra jea" dh qh bmh~ghm ygzzg~m %>"< FBN nd ghhd `$" bg Bqhg ydydjjmbg gpazza qh ndgfa~rm nd 7?99 Kf; mpparm3 qh ~arsm nabbg zmrabbg fglldmra; an qh bah~m dfyg~~m ~rg banqa Fmmh Zdz~arz" hab ldrm nd ymjea mra" gpraooa `g~~m zydgjjdjgra ~q~~m db fg~ardgba nabbg Bqhg fdhmra zqbbgBqhg fglldmra" yrmnqjahnm qhg `qzdmha ~rg ba ygr~d nd fg~ardgba" apd~ghnm nd `grbg ndzdh~alrgra( An ajjm bgBqhg jea hmd jmhmzjdgfm' Gzyegql a Cq~sd zd ndjmhm jar~d nd wqgh~m g`àrfghm dh wqgh~m" b,gjjrazjdfah~mnabbg fgzzg bqhgra" gpraooa yrmpmjg~m b, dzyazzdfah~m nabbg jrmz~g ghjmrg yrazah~a zqbbg `gjjdg hgzjmz~gnabbg Bqhg" yrmpmjghnm gb~dydghd a rdlmh`dgfah~d" an qhg ndparzg jmfymzdsdmha jedfdjg hab zm~~mzqmbm %dbndog~~d~m zjdah~d`djm jea eg jgrg~~ardssg~m db UU zajmbm z~g~m nmfdhg~m ng ~ra ~amrda jea rdlqgrnghm b,mrdldhanabbg Bqhg3 7 bg jg~~qrg ng ygr~a nabbg ârrg gn myarg nabbg lrgpd~ ~arraz~ra; ? bg `mrfgsdmha zdfqb~ghagnabbg ârrg a nabbg Bqhg" laharg~a ngb jgfym yrdfmrndgba nd ybgha~azdfd; : bg jmbbdzdmha ~rg bg ârrg an dbhmz~rm zg~abbd~a" myyqra" mlld yd gjjrand~g~g" bg jmbbdzdmha ~rg nqa zg~abbd~d mrod~gh~d dh~mrhm gbbg ârrg$( ^q~~mwqd db fdz~arm= Oae" hm( A, mppdm jea ~gba apah~m eg ghjea yrmnm~~m nalbd zjmhpmbldfah~d zqb zqmbm bqhgra angyar~m hqmpd zjahgrd" ghjmrg mlld pdzdodbd" ghjea jmh qh fmnaz~m z~rqfah~m m~~djm3 d Nmfd Bqhgrd( Nd``djdbd ngmzzarpgra za hmh zd pargfah~a azyar~d" d Nmfd Bqhgrd rgyyrazah~ghm nad rdlmh`dgfah~m jmh qhg z~rq~~qrgjqyqbd`mrfg %jmfa d pqbjghd g zjqnm ~arraz~rd$" jmh qhg gb~assg ~rg :99->99 f( a jmh qh ndgfa~rm nd jdrjg79-?9 Kf( jea" g pmb~a" zqodzjmhm qh a`à~~m orgndzdzfm %jmfa gppdaha g Ymssqmbd$ g jgqzg nab razdnqm nadlgz nab zm~~mzqmbm bqhgra( D Nmfd Bqhgrd `qrmhm mzzarpg~d yar bg yrdfg pmb~g hab 74:? ng _( Ogrkar jea ha~rgjjd qhg fgyyg z~mrdjg" bg wqgba pdaha jmz~gh~afah~a glldmrhg~g fgh fghm jea ha pahlmhm zjmyar~dgb~rd %qh bgpmrm jar~mzdhm nabbg Zasdmha nd _djarjg Bqhg nabb, Q(G(D( |||(qgd(d~$( Bg ndhgfdjg yar zpmblaraqh,m~~dfg mzzarpgsdmha nd rdjarjg wqabbg nd mzzarpgra bg Bqhg gb yrdfm wqgr~m; mpparm3 wqghnm d rglld nabZmba zmhm rgnah~d zqbbg zqyar`djda bqhgra a fa~~mhm oah dh apdnahsg b,mrbm nad jrg~ard" lbd gyyahhdhd a" wqdhnd"ghjea d Nmfd Bqhgrd( Ygzzdgfm gnazzm gn azgfdhgra qh,gb~rm àhmfahm jea laharg z~rgha bqjd a jmbmrd zqbbgzqyar`djda nabbg Bqhg( Hm" hmh zmhm lbd gbdahd jea gjjahnmhm a zyahlmhm ba bqjd; db @ahmfahm nad ^rghzdah~dBqhgrd( Zd ~rg~~g nabbg `qmrdqzjd~g nd lgz zm~~arrghad habba pdjdhghsa nd jrg~ard nd ahmrfa ndfahzdmha(Jmh~dhqg

nd Dk9ABH Ldmpghhd Bmrqzzm

D ZAL_A^D NABBG BQHG


6/55


A_GFGLGSDHA




%db jrg~ara Grdz~grjm yrdfalldg yar wqaz~d àhmfahd$ jea" g jmh~g~~m jmh bg zqyardjda %ogzgb~m$ gzzqfapgrdmydh~d jmbmrd fmnabbg~d ngbba pdmbah~d rgndgsdmhd zmbgrd( Gb~rdoglbdmrd yrmpahdah~d ngbbg zqyar`djda bqhgra gyygr~ahlmhm glbddfyg~~d fa~amrdjd" d wqgbd" afa~~mhm ndparzd jmbmrd fmhmjrmfg~djdnmpq~d gb zqrrdzjgbngfah~m nad fdhargbd nab fa~amrmdna habfmfah~m dh jqd dfyg~~g gb zqmbm( Ha jmhzalqa qh ahmrfadhhgbsgfah~m nd fg~ardgba bqhgra %acaj~g$ `mrfg~m ng rmjja"

zqmbm bqhgra a ymbpara" db wqgba" g jgqzg nabbg ogzzdzzdfglrgpd~" rdjgna gb zqmbm fmb~m bah~gfah~a" nghnm b,dfyrazzdmhagbb,mzzarpg~mra nd panara `mrfgsdmhd hqpmbmza( Fg b,grlmfah~mjea rdlqgrng yd ng pdjdhm d rgndmgfg~mrd bg Dmhmzàrg Bqhgra(Zgyydgfm jea jmzg bg Dmhmzàrg" ghjea yarje ha `gjjdgfmqzm wqghnm a`à~~qdgfm jmbbalgfah~d g bqhlg ndz~ghsg %Nu$(^q~~gpdg(((raya~d~g cqpgh~3 bg Dmhmzàrg bm z~rg~m zqyardmranabb,G~fmzàrg ârraz~ra" `mrfg~m ng lgz dmhdssg~m ngd _glldQb~rgpdmba~~d %Q(P($ nab Zmba a ngd _glld Jmzfdjd %Jmzfdj _gt$( Fg"za bg Bqhg hmh eg qh,G~fmzàrg" ng nmpa zgb~g `qmrd bg Dmhmzàrg

Bqhgra= G ~gb rdlqgrnm" rdjmrnm jea arg jdrjg b,qhg nd hm~~a nab : Za~~afora ?990" wqghnm db Nm~~( Zgbpg~mraYbqjedhm" rgndmgz~rmhmfm yrazzm b,Dz~d~q~m nd _gndm Gz~rmhmfdg nd Fandjdhg Ombmlhg a jmmrndhg~mra

hgsdmhgba nd D(G(_(G( Lrmqy |||(dgrglrmqy(mrlfd ~aba`mh a fd ndzza3(((oqmhldmrhm zdlhmr rgndmgfg~mra"yraygrg~d gn ghngra zqbbg Bqhg yar `gra g~~dpd~ Nu pdg Dmhmzàrg Bqhgra' Pandgfm jea jmzg arg zqjjazzmwqabbg hm~~a gb rgndm~abazjmydm Jrmja nab Hmrn nd Fandjdhg( Mroaha" dh mjjgzdmha nabb,dfyg~~myrmlrgffg~m ngbbg HGZG nab zg~abbd~a aqrmyam ZFG_^ MHA zqb zqmbm bqhgra" d rgndmgz~rmhmfd nd Fandjdhg"dh gzzmhghsg jmh d rgndmgz~rmhmfd nab rgndm~abazjmydm P(B(O(D( nd Hm~m Zdrgjqzg" jmh zdz~afg ndyqh~gfah~m od z~g~djm nabba gh~ahhaygrgombdjea nd :? fa~rd nd ndgfa~rm"eghhm fmhd~mrg~m b,dhlrazzm nabzg~abbd~a habb,mrod~g bqhgra a" ghjmrgyrdfg jea dfyg~~gzza hab jrg~ara ndGd~kah Ymbm Zqn Bqhgra" eghhmrdbapg~m bg a`à~~dpg yrazahsg nd

Dmhmzàrg( Qh yrmla~~m ~q~~m d~gbdghm; qhzqjjazzm; qh lrghna zqjjazzm yar bgrdjarjg rgndmgz~rmhmfdjg d~gbdghg( Bgndhgfdjg nd mzzarpgsdmha azalqd~g ngdnqa rgndm~abazjmyd %Fandjdhg a Hm~m$ `qhab rdbapgra bg rgndgsdmha ~arfdjg nad fm~mrd nd ZFG_^ MHA yar fmhd~mrgra jmz~gh~afah~a db zg~abbd~a `dhm gbfmfah~m nabb,dfyg~~m gb zqmbm( Yqr~rmyym ZFG_^ MHA zoglbd db oarzglbdm a dfyg~~ `qmrd ngb jrg~ara Gd~kah%nmpa" jmh zqjjazzdpa fdzzdmhd zg~abbd~grd" `q ~rmpg~g qhg dffahzg ndz~azg nd gjwqg ledgjjdg~g$" fg d zahzmrdnd omrnm hmh zoglbdgrmhm g rdbapgra ~rgjja nd Dmhmzàrg( @dhgbfah~a db rdzqb~g~m nad bgpmrd nd wqabbg rdjarjg z~g~m razm hm~m3 bg Dmhmzàrg Bqhgra laharg~g yrmyrdm ngd lrghd nd ymbpara bqhgra dh zmzyahzdmha jeajg~~qrghm bg bqja zmbgra" jraghnm b,gbmha bqhlm b,mrdssmh~a %àhmfahm" wqaz~m" ld mzzarpg~m nglbd gz~rmhgq~dnabbg fdzzdmha Gymbbm 71$( Fg" jmfa zd jmfymr~g bg Dmhmzàrg nabbg Bqhg jmh bg rgndm yrmyglgsdmha= G ~gb

rdlqgrnm" pg na~~m jea qhg Dmhmzàrg jmfymz~g nd ymbpara ghsdje nd lgz dhand~g yar bg zjdahsg ybgha~grdg;yar jqd nd``djdba z~godbdra db zqm jmfymr~gfah~m ndqrhm a hm~~qrhm" db jmfymr~gfah~m z~gldmhgba" fg ghjeaba ragsdmhd hab jmrzm nad jdjbd zmbgrd zqbba pgrda bqhleassa n,mhng( (Jmh~dhqg

?97? ghhm dh~arhgsdmhgba nabb, aharldg zmz~ahdodba

yrmjbgfg~m ngbb,MHQ a ngbb,QHAZJM

D ZAL_A^D NABBG BQHG

nd Dk9ABH Ldmpghhd Bmrqzzm


7/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg Fdbghm D~gbdg

G~~dpg db ba~~mra nd

zqzfgr~yemha


9/55


A_GFGLGSDHA




Db yarjmrzm" nd 7?9 fdlbdg" yrapana qhg zafybdja ghng~g a rd~mrhm %rm~~g 799 dh ghng~g a ?59 dh rd~mrhm$ygr~ahnm zgog~m < bqlbdm ngbbg jd~~ jgymbqmlm" bgzjdghnm g zdhdz~rg b,dzmbg nd Zgzahm %Zgsgh$ard~mrhghnm g Ordhndzd ah~rm bg zarg~g nd nmfahdjg( Bg ygr~ahsg an db rd~mrhm" gbbg yrazahsg nd qhg ldqrdg anad rgndmfg~mrd nabbg hm~g zasdmha zgrghhm hab ymr~m dh~arhm" a zgr qh fmfah~m ndlrghna ygr~ajdygsdmha nd ~q~~g bg jd~~(Gbb,awqdyglldm yrdfm jbgzzd`djg~m zgr m`àr~m db ^rmàm nabb,Gjjmlbdahsg(Bg jd~~ nd Ordhndzd eg jmh db fgra qh rgyymr~m yrdpdbaldg~m" fassm nd jmfqhdjgsdmha jmf, ~rg ymymbd ajdpdb~ ndparza fg g``dhd( Bg ogrjg g pabg qhm zymr~ jea jmhmzja qhg pabmja a yrmlrazzdpgazyghzdmha ~rg d ldmpghd ordhndzdhd" lrgsda ghjea g yrmla~~d fdrg~d gbbg jmhmzjahsg nab fgra a nabbgyrg~djg zymr~dpg dh ldmpgha a~(Bg ralg~g O_DHNDZD; PGBMHG; O_DHNDZD rdah~rg habb,m~~djg nabbg pgbmrdssgsdmha nabbg

jqb~qrg nab fgra a nabbm zymr~ nabbg pabg" rdzjmyar~g habbg zqg yd gq~ah~djg pmjgsdmha" wqabbg nabbmz~ra~~m rgyymr~m ~rg b,qmfm an db fgra( Yrmyrdm yar wqaz~m ,,Ordhndzd yar nqa,, hmh zgr bg jbgzzdjg ralg~gjea bgzjdg gfydm zygsdm gd zqyar~ajhdjdzfd" gbba zmbqsdmhd ~ajhdjea azgzyarg~a jea dhapd~godbfah~ayrafdghm zmbqsdmhd jgh~dardz~djea a hmh godbd~ a qfgha(Zgr dhpaja qhg ralg~g jmh awqdyglldm nd zmba nqa yarzmha" zahsg pdhjmbd ajjazzdpd jea hmh zdghm bgjmrra~~assg nd lgrg" bg zjmyar~g nabbg ~arrg gb nd b nab fgra a b,ah~qzdgzfm nabbg ygr~ajdygsdmha( Bgralg~g OrdhndzdPgbmhgOrdhndzd zgr pdzdodba dh ~afym ragba mh bdha" ldgjje d ralg~gh~d a ba bmrm ogrjeazgrghhm jmbbalg~d jmh zdz~afg nd ~rgjjdgfah~m g Lmmlba Fgyz" a wqaz~m bd rahnar pdzdodbd bqhlm bg pdgn,gjwqg jea jmbbalg bg jd~~ yqlbdaza gbbg wqabbg gboghaza(Qh fmnm" wqaz~m" yar `gr ygr~ajdygra" fdhq~m yar fdhq~m" dh ~afym ragba" ghjea d ldmpghd nabbg zjqmbgpabg" ba bmrm `gfdlbda" d ordhndzdhd a" dh zahzm yd gfydm" d zgbah~dhd gb ~d`m yar bg ralg~g(Bg ralg~g mrlghdssg~g ngbbg Balg Hgpgba nd Ordhndzd yrapana qh ~afym fgzzdfm nd yarjmrrahsg nd :: mra3 db

yarjmrzm nd 7?9 fdlbdg yrapana bg ygr~ahsg ngb ymr~m dh~arhm nd Ordhndzd" ldrm gbbDzmbg nd Zazahm a rd~mrhmyrapdz~m yar bg zarg~g nd nmfahdjg(Bg ralg~g rdzarpg~g gbba dfogrjgsdmhd jmh BMG zqyardmra g 5(19 fa~rd @(^( godbd~g~a gbbg hgpdlgsdmha zahsgbdfd~d ngbbg jmz~g dh ymzzazzm nd jar~d`djg~m nd z~gssg M_J Dh~arhg~dmhgb m M_J Jbqo ?97?(Zdgfm jmhpdh~d dh`g~~d jea bg jqb~qrg nab fgra " dfymr~gh~a yar bg jd~~ nd Ordhndzd" napa azzara gzzdfdbg~gng ydjjmbd a" dhapd~godbfah~a" wqaz~m jmdhpmblar ba `gfdlbda( Qh yarjmrzm nd `mrfgsdmha pdr~qmzm ang~dydjm" jea `g dh fmnm jea zdghm ba hqmpa lahargsdmhd g `gr rdzjmyrdra glbd gnqb~d db pgbmra nabbg jqb~qrgnab fgra( B,dh~arm Zgbah~m jmdhpmb~m g~~dpgfah~a habbg fghdàz~gsdmha" ba fgrdharda nd ^grgh~m" Bajja"M~rgh~m" Zgh~g Fgrdg nd Baqjg" Lgbbdymbd" Mz~qhd zmhm ba jd~~ nab Lrghna Zgbah~m jea eghhm habzghlqa" ng wqghnm bg Yqlbdg nab zqn mzyd~gpg ba dffdlrgsdmhd dhnmaqrmyaa" bg laz~dmha nabbg lrghnapdg n,gjwqg(Mjjgzdmhd nab lahara a nd jgrg~~ara dh~arhgsdmhgba `ghhm ghjea zd jea bg jd~~gndhghsg gyyrassd db zarpdsdm nd

rgndmgzzdz~ahsg nad rgndmgfg~mrd" gyygzzdmhghnmzd zyazzm gbbg hmz~rg jqb~qrg an gppdjdhghnmzd zyazzm gbbgHmz~rg `gfdlbdg(

lrghnazgbah~mIarg(aq


10/55


A_GFGLGSDHA




A_G Lrghna Zgbah~m zgr nd hqmpm dh jgfym ngb 4 gb 7> Bqlbdm

lrghnazgbah~mIarg(aq

Nmym bg rdqzjd~dzzdfg rgndmgzzdz~ahsg gbbg ralg~g pabdjg dh~arhgsdmhgba Ordhndzd Jmr`q," b, A(_(G( L_GHNA ZGBAH^M

ghjmrg qhg pmb~g rdzjg~~g bg pmlbdg nd jrazjara" ngb 4 gb 7> Bqlbdm ?97?" bg hmz~rg gzzmjdgsdmha ygr~ajdyar gbb,apah~mjea mrgfgd ng ghhd zymymbg hab za~~mra fm~mrdz~djm d~gbdghm" fghd`az~gsdmha nd lrghna bqz~rm dh~arhgsdmhgba nahmfdhg~g

LD_M NABBG ^A__G ND O_DHNDZD wqaz~ ghhm fafmrdgba an dh hmfa nd qh lrghna gfdjm Ldgh`rghjm Jgrodhd fmr~my r a f g ~ q r g f a h ~ a g b b , a ~ n d 1 ? g h h d (%Ldgh`rghjm `dh ng zqod~m razydrg wqab fmhnm" ghsd" ndpah~g wqab fmhnm" lrgsda gb ygnra jea lbd ~rgzfa~~a wqaz~g

ygzzdmha zdh ngd yrdfd rmfod nab zqm pgld~m( Gzzdafa pdglldghm yar bD~gbdg" dh nqa" zq gq~m naymjg jmfa ~gyya~d pmbgh~dfajjghdjdssg~d" Sglg~m" Fgzarg~d" Ymrzjea baharldg nab fmpdfah~m" baoorassg nabbg pabmjd~g" baz~a~djg nabbg

jgrrmssardg" wqab zahzm nd bdoar~ jea zmbm ba gq~m zymr~dpa rdazjmhm g ngra( Bg fgjjedhg jea grrdpg g ndpah~graqhaz~ahzdmha nab jmrym" qhg rgfd`djgsdmha nd `dbd habba lgfoa" dh lgrg" dh yrmpa nd ralmbgrd~g" godbd~g a pabmjd~g zq ydz~g

jmfa qh jah~mfa~rdz~g jmh ba ldqh~qra g ydz~mha zqbbgz`gb~m zymr~dpm( Pdhjapg fg zgyapg ghjea yarnara$ Arg hmh zmbm

qh qmfm ngbba lrghnd nm~d" fg arg ghjea fdm %d| qhd~ yar ldmrhm g rm~gsdmha gbbg rgndmgzzdz~ahsg" pmbq~g ngb zm~~mzjrd~~m %d|


11/55


A_GFGLGSDHA




H m f d h g r a ` a r a h ~ a _ a l d m h g b a Y d a f m h ~ a

yrazdnah~aIarg(aq

DB Y_AZDNAHÂ

Jmh ldqodbm a jmh ldmdg jmfqhdjm jea dh ng~g mndarhg %?4 Ldqlhm ?97?$ em jmhàrd~m bg jgrdjg nd

_aàrah~a A(_(G( _aldmha Ydafmh~a gb hmz~rm z~dfg~dzzdfm jmhzmjdm D7_AL Abdm _mhjglbdmbm"

l d Y r a z d n a h ~ a n a b b g Z a s d m h a Y r m p d h j d g b a n d G b a z z g h n r d g (

Gb jgrm Abdm ymrlm lbd gqlqrd nd oqmh bgpmrm ghjea g hmfa nd ~q~~m db ymymbm nabbg A(_(G(

Zdgfm zdjqrd nd gpara zjab~m db zmjdm ldqz~m yar qhg jgrdjg jmz dfymr~gh~a an gb~rg~~gh~m jar~d jea

D7_AL gzzqfar db ~q~~m jmh lrghna mhmra" lrghna ndlhd~ a jmh fmb~g qfdb~3

bg A(_(G( dh Ydafmh~a ndparr yd `mr~a nd qhg lrghna wqarjdg'' '

_dhlrgsdm DK?ZLP Ygmbm Jedhjgrdhd yar gpar ymr~g~m habbg hmz~rg Mrlghdssgsdmha

q h g y a r z m h g j m z a n q j g ~ g a z w q d z d ~ g j m f a d b j g r m A b d m (


12/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg 7?

P D D F a a ~ d h l A q r m y a m A ( _ ( G (

d|?aeeIarg(aq

?5&fglldm&?97? DS?\SS Ghnrag Fgzzdfm Jgrfdhg~d

Wqaz~ghhm db hmz~rm faa~dhl z~g~m mrlghdssg~m ng A(_(G( nd Fdbghm had ldmrhd ?0?< fglldm( Zdgfm ld grrdpg~d gbbg

za~~dfg andsdmha a" jmfa mlhd pmb~g" bdh~arazza" bg ygr~ajdygsdmha a bg zdfyg~dg nad ygr~ajdygh~d zmhm z~g~d zafyra gbfgzzdfm bdpabbm(

Wqaz~m orapa zjrd~~m pqmba dbbqz~rgra bm zpmbldfah~m nabbApah~m" bgzjdghnm gn

qhm m yd zqjjazzdpd gr~djmbd bazymzdsdmha nalbd dfymr~gh~d jmh~ahq~d ndzjqzzda jmhndpdzd hab faa~dhl a halbd zjgfod ygrgbbabd nd panq~a `gjdbd~g~d ngbbg rgrg

mjjgzdmha nd dhjmh~rgrjd nd yarzmhg ~q~~d gzzdafa(Db faa~dhl arg mrlghdssg~m zq nqa ldmrhg~a" qhg nandjg~g g `gr jmhmzjara bg

ldmpgha z~rq~~qrg nd A(_(G( Fdbghm" bg zajmhng mrdah~g~g gn qhg jmhndpdzdmha

yd lbmogba nabbg zd~qgsdmhamrlghdssg~dpg a ~ajhmbmldjg

nabbGzzmjdgsdmha(Bg pdzd~g gbbg zana a zgbg rgndm nd

Fdbghm DW?\F" yrazzm bDz~d~q~mâjhdjm Garmhgq~djm C(J( Fgu|abbeg ng~m db pdg gbbg nqa ldmrhd" ~rg

gbd nd z~qnah~d z~qyd~d nd panara hab yrmyrdm Dz~d~q~m ~gh~a yarzmha" bg fglldmrygr~a dh ndpdzg nabbg Yrm~asdmha Jdpdba( Jed zjrdpa jrana nd hmh zoglbdgra

g~~rdoqahnm gb hmz~rm Mzyd~a" db Yrazdna nabbdz~d~q~m" qh ym nd mrlmlbdm yar db`g~~m nd mzyd~gra qhg dhdsdg~dpg jmfa wqabbg nabbA(_(G(

Bdhjmh~rm" dfymz~g~m gn qhg gfdjeapmba jmhndpdzdmha nabba azyardahsa an

gbbdbbqz~rgsdmha zdg nabbg zana z~azzg" m~~ahq~g lrgsda gbbg ndzymhdodbd~ nd jedjd mzyd~g" jea nabba gyygrajjedg~qra" eg zqzjd~g~m qh pdpm dh~arazza zang~m zmbm ngbbgz~ghjeassg yar db pdglldm a ngbbgyya~d~m nad ygr~ajdygh~d parzm ba 7:

Db ymfardlldm z~g~m bgzjdg~m g ndzymzdsdmha nad ygr~ajdygh~d yar pdzd~a gbbg Jd~~" gjmhjmfd~gh~d fmz~ra nab za~~mra a" yarje hm" gbbg jqb~qrg jmh bg pdzd~g nd gbjqhd nd Hmd

yrazzm db Fqzam Hgsdmhgba nabbg Zjdahsg a nabbg âjhmbmldg nmpa nandjg~m qh gfydmzygsdm yar bg z~mrdg a ~ajhmbmldg nabbg _gndm(

Ba g~~dpd~ jmbbaldgbd zmhm rdyraza bg zarg yar jahg" jea zd zpmb~g yrazzm db rdz~mrgh~aFgbgzydhg habbg smhg pdjdhg gbbgarmymr~m @mrbghdhd nd Bdhg~a( Parzm bg `dha nabbg zarg~g zd

ym~q~g ~ahara bg yrafdgsdmha nab 7 jmh~az~ A(_(G( (Gbba nqa nab fg~~dhm" dhjranqbd nabbmrgrglldqh~g a" gbjqhd" z~rafg~d ngbba ?> mra nd palbdg ~rg pdglldm" pdzd~a an g~~dpd~ pgrda" bg

zarg~g %mrfgd hm~~a `mhng$ ~arfdhg~g(

D bgpmrd zmhm rdyrazd gbba 79 nabfg~~dhm" yrazzm bm z~azzm bmjgba

nabbg zarg~g yrajanah~a nmpa db rdz~mrg~mra eg yrmppanq~m gngbbaz~dra qhgrag gnalqg~g gbbg~~dpd~ jmhlrazzqgba fah~raghjmrg z~gpg rdyrdz~dhghnm bg zgbg gjjgh~m ng hmd bgzjdg~g zmbm

ymjedzzdfa mra yrdfg( Zd jmz zpmb~m db parm a yrmyrdm Faa~dhldh~rmnm~~m an mrjeaz~rg~m ngb _aàrah~a nabbg raldmha Bmfogrndg

a ngb Yrazdnah~a Hgsdmhgba(D bgpmrd zmhm z~g~d zqyymr~g~d ngbbgyrmdasdmha nd qhg yrmàzzdmhgba yrazah~gsdmha ~abafg~djg(

Nqrgh~a bg zazzdmha nd bgpmrm" jmh az~rafg zmryrazg nd ~q~~d hmd

a nd Fgrjm D\?AEE" (((Jmh~dhqg


13/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg 7:


d|?aeeIarg(aq

db Ndra~~dpm Hgsdmbgha" yar fghm nab Yrazdnah~a Fgrjabbm Pabbg D^4BHN" eg jmhzalhg~m qh fmnaf Ygj~mr QZO DDD

jea ndpah~ar bg yqh~g nd ndgfgh~a nabbgZ(M(A(H( DW?\F lgrgh~ahnm ba jmfqhdjgsdmhd

ghjea dh fmngbd~ ndld~gba zdjqra yar ba g~~dpd~ ndzqyymr~m(Jmydg nabbg yrazah~gsdmha ~abafg~djg" dnag~g

zafyra ng Fgrjm jmh db jmh~rdoq~m nad zmjd nabbgzasdmha nd Fdbghm" parr yraz~m jmffah~g~g a

yqoobdjg~g( Gd yrazah~d zmhm z~g~a jmhzalhg~a bag~~aza ~azzara zmjdgbd habbg rdhhmpg~g paz~a

~dymlrg`djg" lbd g~~az~g~d nd ygr~ajdygsdmha a

oahafarahsg" a lrgnd~d mfglld nabbg Zasdmhamzyd~gh~a( Ba hmpd~ dbbqz~rg~a hmh zd zmhm

bdfd~g~a gd ognla an gbbgjjqrg~g nazjrdsdmhanabbg zana _aldmhgba nd Fdbghm" fg ghjea gbbg

yrazah~gsdmha nd dfymr~gh~d grlmfah~d

zqbbmyarg~dpd~ nabbGzzmjdgsdmha dh gfod~m

Afarlahsg a fmb~m gb~rm jea lbd z`mr~qhg~d gzzah~dym~rghhm zjmyrdra zmbm had yrmzzdfd gr~djmbd anmjqfah~d( Dhgzya~~g~gfah~a" gbfahm yar jedzjrdpa" bdh~arazza nad ygr~ajdygh~d rdfgz~m

abapg~dzzdfm `dhm gbbg `dha nabbg yrazah~gsdmhaghjea ~rg jmbmrm jea jmdhpmb~d jmfa mzyd~d ymjm m

hqbbg jmhmzjapghm `dhm g wqaz~m apah~m nabbahmz~ra g~~dpd~" ~gh~ jea db yqr lqz~mzm dh~arfassm

nd qh rdh`razjm zd rgydngfah~a jmhjbqzm zahsgjea d ygr~ajdygh~d zd zygrlazzarm yar lbd gjjmlbdah~dndh~mrhd nab bmjgba( Bg pdpgja g~~ahsdmha a lbd

dh~arazzgh~d dh~arpah~d nad ygr~ajdygh~d jd `ghhm oah zyargrahabbg bmhlapd~ a yrmzyard~ nabbg hmz~rg Gzzmjdgsdmha jea

zqbbah~qzdgzfm nad zqmd `mhng~mrd zd `mrfg~g a zd z~grgydngfah~a azyghnahnm( Bgppahdfah~m hmh ym~apg jeaazzara jmrmhg~m ngbbg nabdsdg yar ba hmz~ra ygydbba lqz~g~dpa"

a bg z~gssg fandg nad ygr~ajdygh~d bg ndja bqhlg zqbbagzya~~g~dpa" ng qhg `m~m nd lrqyym nmpa ~q~~d d zmrrdzd arghm

gfyd a ngd jgbmrmzd a `rg~arhd goorgjjd nd jmffdg~m( Hmdpdbbdjd jea goodgfm gpq~m db ydgjara nd ndpdnara" gdfymjea" mra jmh d jmhpahq~d ng ~q~~g D~gbdg hmh ymzzdgfm

hgzjmhnara jea gbbg pmz~rg ygr~ahsg jd zdgfm zah~d~d qh ymgooghnmhg~d" fg hmh jrandgfm nd ym~ar azzara zfah~d~d za

goodgfm gpq~m bdfyrazzdmha jea ghjea jed gpapg qh bqhlma yazgh~a pdglldm nd rd~mrhm goodg z~ah~g~m g rdfa~~arzd dhfm~m `dhm wqgzd gbbgq~mbazdmhdzfm yqr nd zjgfodgra ghjmrg

qhg `rgza" qhg og~~q~g an qh zgbq~m(

DS?\SS Ghnrag Fgzzdfm Jgrfdhg~d


14/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg 7>


d|?aeeIarg(aq

Gr~afdna Z(y(G(

^dsdm

Bgfygng ng ~gpmbmNazdlh3 _djegrn Zgyyar" 74


15/55


A_GFGLGSDHA





d|?aeeIarg(aq

Gbbm z~azzm ~afym ~q~~m b,gyygrajjedm hmh nmpapg azzara ~rmyym `rgldba( Ba gr~djmbgsdmhd ng qhg ygr~anmpapghm ~rgzfa~~ara bg jmrrah~a" ngbb,gb~rg m``rdra qh fdhdfm nd g~~rd~m" jea yar nqrgh~a bg pd~g nabbgbgfygng nmpapg gzzmbq~gfah~a raz~gra wqabbm nd mrdldha( Bg zmbqsdmha nd ah~rgfod d yrmobafd zd ~rmpg~gq~dbdssghnm jmfa gr~djmbgsdmhd nad hmrfgbdzzdfd om~~mhd g yrazzdmha3 jmz~ghm ymjm" jmhnqjmhm bg jmrrah~a" zdgyrmhm zm~~m z`mrsm a yarjd yar bg bgfygng jmz~d~qdzjmhm nad yqh~d nd rm~~qrg yrana~arfdhg~d; yar nd ydjmh~ahlmhm qh ghabbm g fmbbg" jea jmh~rgyymha gbbg rm~gsdmha qhg ydjjmbg" fg dhpgrdgodba razdz~ahsg( Dbrd`ba~~mra eg dhpaja rdjedaz~m nab ~afym( Ng~m jea ndpah~g fmb~m jgbnm" nmpapg pahdra myymr~qhgfah~adzmbg~m a wqaz~m zm~~m fdhdfgba ndzyahndm nd yazm( Fd najdzd yar qhg jmz~rqsdmha g nmyydg ygra~a jmhrg``ranngfah~m gn grdg ~rgfd~a jmhpahsdmha habbm zygsdm dh~arfandm( Qh yrm~m~dym eg ndfmz~rg~m b,azg~~assgnabba jmhzdnargsdmhd yraza( Zalq wqgbjea bgpmrm zqbba `mrfa nad jmh~rgyyazd" nmymndje bg bgfygng arg

yrmh~g yar bg yraygrgsdmha nabbg yrmnqsdmha(

Orgjjd a ~az~g mrdah~godbd dh gbbqfdhdm parhdjdg~m" odbghjdg~d ng jmh~rgyyazd( Ndzymhdodba dh ~ra ndfahzdmhd ahabbg parzdmha Ybqz jmh ~az~g mrdah~godba ghjea dh zahzm ~rgzparzgba( B,dhhmpgsdmha z~g habbg zqg jmhjasdmhajmz~rq~~dpg3 qh ~rgz`mrfg~mra" ymz~m habbg ogza nabbg bgfygng ymr~g bg ~ahzdmha ng ?:9P g 7?P a gbdfah~gqhg bgfygndhg gbmlahg g~~rgparzm ogjjea~~a a om~~mhd jea" mb~ra gn gpara qhg `qhsdmha z~rq~~qrgba" `ghhm ngjmhnq~~mrd nd jmrrah~a zahsg b,gqzdbdm nd jgpd aba~~rdjd( Afdzzdmha nd bqja ndra~~g mrdah~godba" g nqa dh~ahzd~(Jmbmrd3 harm" odghjm" lrdldm gbbqfdhdm m jrmfm bqjdnm %zmbm yar ^dsdm fdjrm$( ^dsdm Ybqz3 zmbm harg( Dh andsdmhabdfd~g~g ghhqgba a `drfg~g ng _djegrn Zgyyar" ^dsdm U:9 yrmnm~~g dh zarda hqfarg~g" jmh ogza a ~az~dhg dhgbbqfdhdm bqjdng~m a gz~dha dh gbbqfdhdm ordbbgh~a ghmndssg~m(

Hgzja hab 74:? g Fmhgjm( Wqd z~qndg `dbmzm`dg" lrg`djg" dhlalhardg an ajmhmfdgymbd~djg( ^rg db 7410 a db 7415 bgpmrg habb,q``djdm yrmla~~d nabbg Farjanaz Oahs(

( Dhdsdgbfah~a" bgpmrg jmh Ldm Ymh~d" dh zalqd~m yar bg_dhgzjah~a( Dhzdafa g Fgrjm Sghqzm" yrmla~~g rgndm a ~abapdzmrd yar Ordmhpalg" db~aba`mhm Lrdbbm yar bg Zdafahz" fmodbd a bgfygna an gb~rm ghjmrg( ^rg db 74


16/55


A_GFGLGSDHA




Y r a f d g s d m h a 7 J m h ~ a z ~ A ( _ ( G ( ? 9 7 ?

Bg hmz~rg Gzzmjdgsdmha ndpah~g~g qhg ragb~ fmb~m dfymr~gh~a" g pdg nd ~gh~d zgjrd`djd" dfyalhm ayrmàzzdmhgbd~ zdgfm rdqzjd~d dh qhdfyrazg fmb~m nd``djdba( Bg fglldmr ygr~a nd hmd gyygr~daha gbbg `gzjdg nd_gndmgfg~mrd jea zd dfyalhghm zdg hab yrmyrdm emoot jea hab zmjdgba" m~~ahahnm lrg~d`djgsdmhd ng ygr~a ndjmbmrm jea jd panmhm dfyalhg~d zq mlhd `rmh~a(Habbghhm ?979 fd arm yrmymz~m yar dhdsdgra qh yarjmrzm rgndm zqb `rmh~a Hgsdmhgba A_G" gpapm ld dh fah~and dz~d~qdra db JMHÂZ^ NABBA ZASDMHD A_G a ng bd yrmymzd bg jmnd`djg nabba zasdmhd dhpdghnm gbbg zalra~ardgbg fdg dh~ahsdmha a ndzymhdodbd~ habbg lahargsdmha nalbd z~azzd yar ym~ar falbdm laz~dra db jmh~az~ a yar ngraqhg `mrfg yd a``djgja habbdnah~d`djgsdmha Hgsdmhgba( Yarzmhgbfah~a em zafyra ygr~ajdyg~m g apah~d zdghgsdmhgbd jea Dh~arhgsdmhgbd" bdfymr~gh~a ygr~ajdygra a gqfah~gra db yrmyrdm oglglbdm nd azyardahsa" fg dhwqabbghhm" yqr~rmyym" hmh z~g~m ymzzdodba g~~qgra bg yraygrgsdmha nabb apah~m rdfghnghnmbm jmh bgyrajdzg pmbmh~ g rdfa~~arbm dh ldmjm(Gbbdhdsdm nab ?97? em pmbq~m rdyrahnara db yrmla~~m az~godbdra db yardmnm yd gng~~m" ghjea za gpapm ld badnaa jedgra(Arm ld g jmhmzjahsg" dh ogza gbba azyardahsa nd bgpmrmyrajanah~d" jea d yardmnd gng~~d yar yrafdgsdmhd" apah~dzyajdgbd a~j zmhm wqabbd dh jqd d lrqyyd zd rd~rmpghm qhd~ddh fghdàz~gsdmhd gzzmjdg~dpa g jgrg~~ara Hgsdmhgba"wqdhnd najdzd nd `dzzgra ba ng~a nab jmh~az~ yar db ?5 a ?4gyrdba ?97?" ng~a gh~ajanah~d db Faa~dhl Hgsdmhgba" dhfmnm ~gba jea bg yrafdgsdmha `mzza gppahq~g dh

yrazahsg nabba rgyyrazah~ghsa Hgsdmhgbd a dh qhfmfah~m nd dhjmh~rm lahargba(Fd rahnapm jmh~m" ghjea" jea bmrlghdssgsdmha hmh argfmb~m zafybdja a jea zd zgraooarm rdzjmh~rg~a gbjqhabgjqha" fg wqaz~a gpraooarm jmh~rdoqd~m gbfdlbdmrgfah~m yar ba yrmzzdfa andsdmhd(Fghjgpg qh BML yarzmhgbdssg~m" nqrgh~a qhgjmhparzgsdmha zqbbg %hmz~rg$ Pdnamjmhàrahsg A_G jmhYdar`rghjazjm DS9OHW yrmpdhjdgba`rmzdhmhaIarg(aq fd pahdpg zqllard~m db jgrm Ldmpghhd DS9YZG wqgbayarzmhg gng~~g yar wqaz~g dfyrazg a zqod~m zd fdza g ndzymzdsdmha" laharghnm qh bml yarzmhgbdssg~m yarbA_G( Ghjea ng ygr~a nd gb~rd jmbbaled zd eghhm gpq~m nad zqllardfah~d fmb~m oah gjja~~g~d dh wqgh~mjmz~rq~~dpd( yar grrdpgra gbbg yqoobdjgsdmha nab ralmbgfah~m(

Yqr~rmyym bg yrmyglgsdmha hmh jd eg gdq~g~m yd nd ~gh~m" fg fd zmhm gjjmr~m jea bg rdzymz~g z~g~g fmb~mzmnndz`gjah~a" eghhm ygr~ajdyg~m ghjea zmjd hmh gyygr~ahah~d gbbg hmz~rg gzzmjdgsdmha %yqr~rmyym hmheghhm dhpdg~m db bmrm bml$ nghnm jmhàrfg jea g yrazjdhnara nabbg oghndarg jqd zd gyygr~daha" zdgfm_gndmgfg~mrd(Bdh~ah~m nab jmh~az~" g ygr~a db ydgjara nd zah~drjd" arg wqabbm nd fghdàz~gra bg hmz~rg yrazahsg ghjea dhrgndm" `gjahnm jmhmzjara bA_G jmh d yrmyrd myarg~mrd a nghnm ndfmz~rgsdmha jea zdgfm myarg~dpd(Bg oghng yd z`rq~~g~g z~g~g wqabbg nad >9 fa~rd" dh`g~~d bg fglldmr ygr~a nad jmbbalgfah~d % dh ogza gd bmlyarpahq~d$ zmhm gppahq~d yrmyrdm dh wqabbg `rawqahsg" zdjqrgfah~a yar fm~dpd nd yrmyglgsdmha" bg yrazahsg ndz~gsdmhd nab hmrn g ygr~a Oarlgfm yrazah~a had nqa ldmrhd jmh > myarg~mrd g~~dpd" z~g~g azdlqg za hmhhqbbg" hmh goodgfm jmbbalg~m gbjqhg z~gsdmha nabba zasdmhd nab Hmrn(ghjea za yrazah~d dh gb~rd bml(fah~ragb~rd myarg~mrd nab hmrn hmh A_G zmhm z~g~d jmbbalg~d(Had jmh~az~" zd zg" j jed yd yar`mrfgh~a a jed dhpaja fahm(g `grbg ng bamhd zmhm z~g~d d jmbbaled nabbg

Zasdmha A_G nd @rmzdhmha" gd wqgbd pg `g~~m qh abmldm yar bm~~dfg mrlghdssgsdmha rdzqb~g~g pdhjah~a" fg hmh ndfahm yar ba gb~ra z~gsdmhd Fmhmymbd" Ygbarfm" _mfg" Zgbarhm" Jglbdgrd Ordhndzd" Parmhga~j( Jmh~dhqg

yrmpdhjdgbaoarlgfmIarg(aq

Gb`dm SA_OM Ds?zfrIarg(aq jmh~az~fghglarIarg(aq


17/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg 7 mra azg~~a(Habbg ldmrhg~g nab zgog~m zd pdz~m ng zqod~m bg yrazahsg nabba hmz~ra z~gsdmhd" wqghnm em gzjmb~g~m@rmzdhmha" jdrjg ba 7


18/55


A_GFGLGSDHA




PDD Faa~dhl Aqrmyam A_G

argfglgsdhaIarg(aq

Jmhzalhg ~grlea rdjmrnm

D _gndmgfg~mrd yrafdg~d gb 7 jmh~az~ A(_(G(

Lrgsda D^4HEJ Dlhgsdm

yar gparjd `mrhd~mwqaz~m yrasdmzm

fg~ardgba m~mlrg`djm(


19/55


A_GFGLGSDHA




7 Ldqlhm ?97? Fdhgjja ngbbm Zygsdm nd Ldmpghhd BM_QZZM

Db hmz~rm jgrm gfdjm DK9ABH Ldmpghhd BM_QZZM db 7 Ldqlhm q(z( eg ~ahq~m qhg jmh`arahsg habbg zgbgjmhpalhd nabbg odobdm~ajg jmfqhgba nd Zalhd %_mfg Zqn$

argfglgsdhaIarg(aq


20/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg ?9

79 Ldqlhm Jmhjbqzg jmh zqjjazzm zahzgsdmhgba bg yrdfg qzjd~g q``djdgba nd DW


21/55


A_GFGLGSDHA




79 Ldqlhm Jmhjbqzg jmh zqjjazzm zahzgsdmhgba bg yrdfg qzjd~g q``djdgba nd DW


22/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg ??

Fgbngrdssd Fgzzdfm yar jmh~m nab yrmpdhjdgbadfyardgIarg(aq

Lrgsda a jmfybdfah~d" ~rgzfa~~m yar nmparmzg an myymr~qhg jmhmzjahsg g A_GFGLGSDHA g``dhje bgrangsdmha ymzzg yqoobdjgra d pmz~rd rdhlrgsdgfah~d(

Zgbq~dFgzzdfm D^4NND

8 Db jmrzm dhparhgba mrgfgd ldqh~m gb ~arfdha(8 Lbd azgfd nad hmz~rd gbbdapd zd zmhm ~ahq~d g Lahmpg db 7? ldqlhm ?97?(88 G ~q~~d jmbmrm jea eghhm zqyarg~m b,azgfa" zdg nabb,A_G Dfyardg" zdg nd gb~ra gzzmjdgsdmhd" zdg gd hqfarmzd/dhndyahnah~d/ zmhm nandjg~a wqaz~a ymjea rdlea((((

8 Jmfybdfah~d _glgssd" Orgpd '8 Pd g~~ahndgfm yraz~m dh `rawqahsg'88 Jd ~ahlm g rdjmrngrpd jea" yrazzm bg hmz~rg zana" ym~ra~a ~rmpgra gdq~m yar azyba~gra lbd qb~dfd ygzzdoqrmjrg~djd gb `dha nd m~~ahara b,gq~mrdssgsdmha lahargba g ~rgzfa~~ara(8

8 Yar jmbmrm jea dhpaja hmh eghhm zqyarg~m b,azgfa" hdah~a ygqrg(((( Nmym bg ygqzg az~dpg rdyrahnarghhm dhmz~rd jmrzd" gb `dha nd gdq~grpd g zqyargra bg zazzdmha n,azgfa dhparhgba jea zd ~arr" yrazqfdodbfah~a" ghmpafora(88


23/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg ?:

7:-7> Ldqlhm Lrghna Zgbah~m gbbg _gndmgzzdz~ahsg ralg~g pabdjg ?


24/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg ?>

??(90(?97? Dhgqlqrg~g bg Z(M(A(D(_( Zgbg Myarg~dpg A_G Dh~arraldmhgba

yrmpdhjdgbarmfgIarg(aqDb ??(90(?97? gbba mra 773:9 zd dhgqlqrg~g g Ygbmfogrg Zgodhg %_mfg$ bgZ ( M ( A ( D ( _ ( % g b g y a r g ~ d p g ( _ ( G ( D h ~ a r a l d m h g b a $^gba zgbg" hg~g jmfa zqyymr~m gbbg Z(M(A(H( gbg yarg~dpg _G gsdmhgba$ lgrgh~dzja bg jmfqhdjgsdmha ~rgd b Z q n a d b H m r n D ~ g b d g (Bg jardfmhdg zd zpmb~g gbbg yrazahsg nd mzyd~ d d b bqz~r d wqgba d b Zdl(Zdhngjm nd Ygbmfogrg Zgodhg nm~~( Nabbg _mjjg " bg Ndra~~rdja nabb,MzyangbaNdz~ra~~qgba ZZ( Zgbpg~mra Nm~~(zzg Bdyyd" db Yrazdnah~a Mhmrgrdm nabbg ZasdmhaYrmpdhjdgba nd _mfg Yrm`( Ghlabm Ldqz~dhd a nab Nabalg~m _(H(_(A( yrazzm dbN d y g r ~ d f a h ~ m n d Y ( J ( Z d l ( F g r j m F m h ~ d (Nmym db ~glbdm nab hgz~rm ~rdjmbmra ng ygr~a nab Zdhngjm nabbg Ndra~~rdja azqjjazzdpgfah~a ng ygr~a nab Yrazdnah~a nd Zasdmha a ngb Yrazdnah~a Mhmrgrdm"

zd yrmjanq~m gn qhg orapa nazjrdsdmha nabba jgygjd~ a ym~ahsdgbd~ nabbgz g b g a n a b j m h ~ r d o q ~ m y m r ~ g ~ m g b b , a p a h ~ m z d z f d j m n a b b , A f d b d g (Hm~a nd abmldm zmhm z~g~a abapg~a wqghnm lbd mzyd~d eghhm yrazm ygrmbgzm~~mbdhaghnm b ,g~~ dpd~ zpmb~g ngd Zmjd nabbg Zasdmha Yrmpdhjdgba nd _mfgjea nqrgh~a b, afarlahsg hapa eghhm lgrgh~d~m zqyymr~m gd fandjd nab Yrmh~mZ m j j m r z m o b m j j g ~ d n g b b a d h ~ a h z a h a p d j g ~ a (Z d r d h l r g s d g d h m b ~ r a b g y r a z a h s g n a b b a g z z m j d g s d m h d n d p m b m h ~ g r d g ~ m~ar r d ~m r dg b d dh~arpahq~a a ~q~ ~ d d fandj d a n dyahnah~ d n d _mfg _F-L(

A(_(G( _aldmhgba Bgsdmdb ra`arah~a

Ds9EGE @rg~~g Ldghbqjg


25/55


A_GFGLGSDHA




N d z a l q d ~ m d b n a o r d a ` d h l n a b P D D F a a ~ d h l A _ G

d|?aeeIarg(aq


26/55


A_GFGLGSDHA





d|?aeeIarg(aq


27/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg ?


d|?aeeIarg(aq


35/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg :1


d|?aeeIarg(aq


36/55


A_GFGLGSDHA





d|?aeeIarg(aq


37/55


A_GFGLGSDHA





d|?aeeIarg(aq


41/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg >7


d|?aeeIarg(aq


42/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg >?


d|?aeeIarg(aq


43/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg >:


d|?aeeIarg(aq


44/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg >>


d|?aeeIarg(aq


45/55


A_GFGLGSDHA





d|?aeeIarg(aq


46/55


A_GFGLGSDHA





d|?aeeIarg(aq


47/55


A_GFGLGSDHA





d|?aeeIarg(aq


49/55


A_GFGLGSDHA





d|?aeeIarg(aq


50/55


A_GFGLGSDHA





d|?aeeIarg(aq


51/55


A_GFGLGSDHA





d|?aeeIarg(aq


52/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg 1?


d|?aeeIarg(aq


53/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg 1:


d|?aeeIarg(aq


54/55


A_GFGLGSDHA



A_GFGLGSDHA & Ghhm ?97? & Faza LDQLHM & H 75 Ygldhg 1>


d|?aeeIarg(aq


55/55

(

Jmh~g~~g d zalqah~d dhndrdssd3

yrazdnah~aIarg(aq zalra~ardgIarg(aq

Dhpdg d ~qmd gr~djmbd a-m ba ~qa `m~m yar bg yqoobdjgsdmha zq A_GFGLGSDHA

Lbd gr~djmbd nmprghhm yarpahdra dh rangsdmha dh `mrfg~m |mrn; |rd~ar" m zafybdjafah~a dh hm~aygn"

hmh dfygldhgra gr~djmbd "jraaraz~d zmbm qhg yarnd~g nd ~afym yar bg rangsdmha" jmh bg jmhzalqah~a

hmh bgpmrgsdmha a hmh yqoobdjgsdmha nabbm zjrd~~m(

Dhpdg ba dffgldhd zaygrg~a ngb ~az~m ; dhpdg dffgldhd ballara; dh wqaz~m fmnm hmh gprgd yrmobafd

jmh bg ymz~g aba~~rmhdjg" a rahnargd db bgpmrm nabbg rangsdmha yd `bqdnm(

Db fg~ardgba yrdfg nd azzara yqoobdjg~m zgr pglbdg~m a pgbq~g~m yar bg yqoobdjgsdmha(Db fg~ardgba dhpdg~m gbbg rangsdmha hmh zgr raz~d~qd~m(

BG _ANGSDMHA ND A_GFGLGSDHA

A_G FGLGSDHA

NDGFM PMJA GBBG HMZ^_G PMJA%D^4BHN Fgrjabbm PABBG Yrazdnah~a A(_(G($

Zmjdm A(_(G( " yar gyrdra bg ~qg afgdb yarzmhgba Iarg(aq jmh~g~~g zgmIarg(aq

Zmjdm A(_(G( " yar `gr~d dhzardra habbg ha|zba~~ar zmjdIarg(aq jmh~g~~g zgmIarg(aq

eramagazine nr 18

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