ensayos sobre sociedad y literatura - jun isa santa cruz

7/31/2019 Ensayos Sobre Sociedad y Literatura - Jun Isa Santa Cruz

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ensayos-sobre-sociedad-y-literatura-jun-isa-santa-cruz 1/52



O{e Hsd Sde~d Cr{z

Qheg dl m{eng cge kl egmbrk nk Hsdíds Ogkl f{r~dng Sde~d Cr{, {ed egcfk

nk digs~g d ahedlks nk ld nècdnd nk lgs 6:¾s% s{ qhshóe sgmbríd nk ld qhnd lk qde

qdlhng zdrd cgeqkr~hrsk ke {e zgk~d she mäs gahchg eh bkekahchg t{k kscrhbhr%

A{endngr nkl Cke~rg Mhekrg nk Dl~gs Ks~{nhgs Lh~krdrhgs, gridehdchóe t{k fd

rkdlhdng kqke~gs c{l~{rdlks ke ld rkihóe nk Zdscg% ^dmbhèe fd shng

cgeakrkechs~d ke lds Ogrednds denheds nk Lh~krd~{rd Ld~hegdmkrhcded Odlld –

K 2:44, x ke nhqkrsgs cgeirksgs lh~krdrhgs d ehqkl he~kredchgedl% Fd z{blhcdng

~rdbdogs nk crkdchóe lh~krdrhd x crí~hcd lh~krdrhd ke nhqkrsds rkqhs~ds d ehqkl

edchgedl k he~kredchgedl%



Cge~kehng?

4% CDRDC^KRÍS^HCDS SKE^HMKE^DLKS NKL F[DXEG ZDST[KÔG

2% LD Z[RK_D NK SDEIRK X G^RGS DSZKC^GS RDCHDLKS NK DRI[KNDS KE

YDMBRD @[XDX

3% Ld Ikgrik~~k t{k cgegcg

>% Kl Bgriks t{k cgegcg

;% [ed qkrshóe mäs nk lds ~rks qkrshgeks nk o{nds

1% SGBRK ZDZDS, RKLHIHÓE X M[CFGS KEIDÔGS

9% Shecrk~hsmg rklhihgsg? ~rdnhchóe grdl nk F{decdqklhcd

6% Ld dmdnd, nksnk {e z{e~g nk qhs~d lh~krdl, ke dli{eds zdr~ks nk “2: zgkmds nk dmgr x {ed

cdechóe nkskszkrdnd”

8% Dzrgvhmdchóe d “Ld qhnd ke {ed bksg” nk Ydrcrx



CDRDC^KRÍS^HCDS SKE^HMKE^DLKS NKL F[DXEG ZDST[KÔG

He~rgn{cchóe

Ks bds~de~k cgmzlkog fdbldr nk ld cgmg mÿshcd cgmg ke~k nk c{l~{rd x dr~k% Zkrg ld mÿshcd, sgbrk~gng kee{ks~rd rkdlhndn, ~hkek lk~rds t{k nkbke skr dedlhdnds eg nksnk kl cgeckz~g nk mÿshcd, sheg nksnk kl z{e~g nkqhs~d nk lh~krd~{rd% Zgr kllg, x zdrd sd~hsadckr {ed nkmdend, egs qkmgs ke ld gblhidchóe nk rkcgzhldr ~gnd ld

zrgn{cchóe lh~krdrhd kscgenhnd ke ld mÿshcd x ~rdeszgr~drld fdchd skenkrgs mäs cgmzlkogs%Zkrg kl ~rdbdog eg t{knd dfí, ~dmbhèe keagcd g~rgs zrgblkmds ke lgs t{k egs qkmgs hemkrsgs% Cgmg ldzrgblkmä~hcd nkl dr~k, x ld sh~{dchóe nk e{ks~rgs d{~grks, cdsh glqhndngs%Kszkrdmgs t{k ks~k ~rdbdog shrqd zdrd dzgxdr lds heqks~hidchgeks a{~{rds%

Kl zrgblkmd ke nkbd~k, kl f{dxeg ckrrkôg ke kl gog nk ld ~grmke~d?

Ld lh~krd~{rd zrkske~d fds~d dfgrd {e rgs~rg ~gndqíd hecgmzlk~g 4, d zksdr nk lgs ksa{krgs t{k sk fde fkcfg fds~ddfgrd zgr mkogrdr ksd sh~{dchóe%

Ks~{nhgsgs nk ld èzgcd cge~kmzgräekd? Igedlg Kszheg, Md{rg Mdmdeh, Ndqhn Sdlddr2, ke~rk g~rgs, b{scdecgeahi{rdr kl rgs~rg nk ld lh~krd~{rd hecl{xkeng d klld g~rds dr~ís~hcds lh~krdrhds eg cgeshnkrdnds zgr kl “cdege” xzgr lds he~klkc~{dlhndnks lh~krdrhds cke~rdlhdnds ke Lhmd%

Cge ~gngs ks~gs zrgblkmds “he~klkc~{dlks”, x cge ~gngs lgs nkmäs zrgblkmds t{k sk crkdrge nksnk ld dzdrhchóenk ld sgchglgiíd nkl dr~k, t{k ke zrhechzhg, sgs~keíd t{k? “lds dr~ks cges~h~{xke, ke nkaheh~hqd, kl mkegshmzgr~de~k x kl mäs qdrhdblk nk lgs klkmke~gs t{k ke~rde ke ld c{l~{rd sgchdl 3”, zrgblkmds t{k cge~he{drge cgeld lldmdnd “Sgchglgiíd nkl kszírh~{” x ld “Sgchglgiíd nkl cgegchmhke~g>”, lds c{dlks he~ke~de nhqhnhr ld crkdchóe zgz{ldr x dcdnèmhcd, ke kl cke~rg nkl zdís sk a{k agrodeng, d ahedlks nkl shilg VHV, ld m{lhd, “Kl cde~g

~ks~hmgehdl Mhekrg;”% Zkrg eg sólg algrkchó ld m{lhd, sheg, ~dmbhèe, kl f{dxeg ckrrkôg, m{x zkc{lhdr x m{xnhs~he~g d lgs f{dxegs t{k sk nksdrrglldrge ke kl cke~rg x s{r nkl zdís%

Ld nhscrhmhedchóe nk ld he~klhikechd1, qhs~d ke ks~k mgmke~g ke ld zrgn{cchóe c{l~{rdl, fd rkbdog e{ks~rdzrgn{cchóe dr~ís~hcd d ehqklks mäs ckrcdegs dl agl`lgrk, cge {e qdlgr mäs zdrd ld de~rgzglgiíd, zgr skrmdehaks~dchgeks nk z{kblgs “hechqhlhdngs” t{k zdrd ld lh~krd~{rd x lgs ks~{nhgs c{l~{rdlks% T{knde, zdrd a{~{rdsheqks~hidchóe k hehchd~hqds nk lgs dmde~ks nkl Ckrrg nk Zdscg, klkqdr, cge ks~{nhgs nk cdräc~kr chke~íahcg, e{ks~rdc{l~{rd zgè~hcd k fhs~órhcd d lgs ehqklks t{k qkrndnkrdmke~k lk cgrrkszgenke%

Kl zrgblkmd edck dl kvzlgrdr ld qds~íshmd zrgn{cchóe m{shcdl zdst{kôd, x sk z{knk rks{mhr cge ks~d zrki{e~d?·Ke t{è ehqkl sk mdehahks~d kl dmgr, ld ~rhs~kd, x ld egs~dlihd ke lds lk~rds nkl f{dxeg ckrrkôg7 Kl zrgblkmd eg

4 Cgrekog Zgldr, x g~rgs ks~{nhgsgs nk ld lh~krd~{rd, s{s~ke~de t{k kl rgs~g nk ld lh~krd~{rd zkr{ded dÿe eg ks~ä cgmzlk~d, zgrt{k eg sk fde hecl{hngm{cfds gbrds lh~krdrhds dl cdege lh~krdrhg z{ks m{cfds nk kllds eg c{mzlíde cge kl cgeckz~g nk “lh~krd~{rd” ke lds rkszkc~hqds èzgcds ke t{k a{krgekscrh~ds% Zdrd mäs heagrmdchóe rkqhsdr% LH^KRD^[RD GRDL G LH^KRD^[RD NK LD ^RDNHCHÓE GRDL, Igedlg kszheg% AGRMDCHGE NKLD ̂ RDNHCHÓE LH^KRDRHD KE LK ZKRß, De~gehg cgrekog Zgldr%2 Kszheg lded ld cd~kigríd nk ld “cfgd'sgldr”, Mdmdeh dbgcdng d hecl{hr ~kv~gs z{ekôgs dl cdege lh~krdrhg, Sdlddr hecl{xk ld cd~kigríd nk “lh~krd~{rdmhekrd” ~gndqíd nhsc{~hnd ke~rk lgs ks~{nhgsgs lh~krdrhgs%3 Rhcfdrn ^% Ldzhkrrk, Sgchglgix, E{kqd Xgr` x Lgenrks, 48>1, z% 333> Cd~kigríds dedlhdnds zgr? Dlzfges Shlbkrmdee ke HE^RGN[CCHÓE, SH^[DCHÓE X QGCDCHÓE NK LD SGCHGLGIÍD NKL DR^K%; Cd~kigríd he~rgn{chnd zgr Cèsdr Zèrk Drd{og ke “Agl`lgrk lh~krdrhg Zdst{kôg” 1 Zhkrrk Bg{rnhk{, NHSCRHMHEDCHÍE NK LD HE^KLHIKECHD%



sk nk~hkek dfí, a{~{rds heqks~hidchgeks kecge~rdräe dszkc~g qdlhgsíshmgs nk e{ks~rd zgksíd, rkalkodnd ke lds lk~rdsnk e{ks~rg f{dxeg%

Eg~d? Sgx cgeschke~k nk t{k lds heal{kechds nk e{ks~rd mÿshcd, x s{s lk~rds, qhkeke nk lgs c{d~rg z{e~gs

cdrnhedlks nkl m{eng% Ke zdldbrds nk Qdrids llgsd? “‡Sh kscdrbdmgs {e zgcg nksc{brhmgs t{k kl Zkrÿ, cgmgkl Dlkzf nk Bgriks, ks ke zkt{kôg agrmd~g kl m{eng ke~krg% ¤T{è kv~rdgrnhedrhg zrhqhlkihg kl nk {e zdís t{keg ~hkek {ed hnke~hndn zgrt{k lds ~hkek ~gnds‡$9 ”%

Nkbkmgs ske~hregs, cgmg ckrrkôgs, t{k sgmgs {ed ch{ndn cgsmgzglh~d t{k, cgmg ld cd~kigríd t{k ldeg Dri{knds, cgmg {ed C{hndn nk ~gnds lds sdeirks%

De~kcknke~ks? ~rds lds f{kllds nkl f{dxeg ckrrkôg?

Kl zrgblkmd t{k darge~drä c{dlt{hkr ks~{nhgsg nk ld zrgn{cchóe lh~krdrhd zdst{kôd ks t{k ~gndqíd eg sk fdefkcfg ks~{nhgs skrhgs sgbrk ld fhs~grhd lh~krdrhd zdst{kôd, x ld eg kvhs~kechd nk {ed crí~hcd sglhnd ke ks~ds ~hkrrdsaríihnds nk F{drhcdzcfd%

M{cfgs nk lgs lhbrgs nk lgs irdenks zgk~ds, edrrdngrks, crí~hcgs, nk e{ks~rd ~hkrrd aríihnd fde shng zkrnhngs ke kl~hkmzg% Lds bhblhg~kcds, skiÿe heagrmdchgeks nk s{s i{drnhdeks, eg i{drnde ld mkmgrhd nk m{cfgs nk lgskscrh~grks nkl shilg VV x nk ahedlks nkl shilg VHV%

[e qds~g md~krhdl nk ks~{nhg, d{et{k ~gndqíd hecgmzlk~g, sk kec{ke~rde ke lds zäiheds nk he~krek~% Ke nóenk,dmde~ks nkl Ckrrg6, zdst{kôhs~ds x zkrsgeds he~krksdnds ke kl t{kfdckr c{l~{rdl nk Zdscg fde s{bhng zgkmdst{k zgr nksirdchd, xd eg sk kec{ke~rde ke lds bhblhg~kcds%

G~rg ks~{nhg, rkdlhdng zgr {e zdst{kôg, ks kl lhbrg “DSÍ CDE^D CKRRG NK ZDSCG 8”, heqke~drhg m{shcd

nkl shilg VV, zdr~k H, rkdlhdng zgr o{lhg Bdlnkóe Idqheg% Ke nóenk, nk mdekrd kvzlích~d x ~ks~hmgehdl, skedrrde s{cksgs x bhgirdaíds nk lgs mäs irdenks he~èrzrk~ks m{shcdlks nkl Ckrrg nk Zdscg% Ks {ed gbrd t{k~rdeszhrd kl dmgr zgr lk f{dxeg ckrrkôg, kl dmgr zgr ld dc~hqhndn c{l~{rdl rkdlhdnd dt{í ke Zdscg% Nkscgegcg shld ski{end zdr~k xd fd shng knh~dnd, zkrg ks~gx ski{rg nk t{k ~dmbhèe skrä md~krhdl nk ks~{nhg zdrd ~gngsdt{kllgs t{k dmde ld mÿshcd ckrrkôd%

[e deälhshs zshcglóihcg sgbrk ld m{lhd “D ^h” fd shng cgmz{ks~g zgr kl zdst{kôg, dmde~k nk ld c{l~{rd, L{hsZdo{klg Aríds%

Deälhshs nksnk kl kv~krhgr egs fde llkidng ke lgs lhbrgs nk Ogsè Mdríd Dri{knds% Ke kl Dr~hc{lg? “Ld Cdechóezgz{ldr x mks~hd ke kl Zkrÿ% S{ qdlgr ngc{mke~dl x zgè~hcd4:”% Dri{knds fdbld sgbrk e{ks~rd m{lhd, x s{qdlgr% D{et{k eg cge cgmke~drhgs dlke~dngrks% Ke lds zdiheds shi{hke~ks egs nk~kenrkmgs ke dedlhdr lgcgmke~dngr zgr kl d{~gr henhikehs~d sgbrk m{ks~rd mÿshcd%

9 Mdrhg Qdrids Llgsd, KLGIHG NK LD LKC^[RD X LD AHCCHÓE, A{endchóe egbkl 2:4:%6 M{cfds zkrsgeds, nksnk ~hkmzgs hemkmgrdblks, cgegcke d ld ch{ndn nkl Ckrrg nk Zdscg cgmg kl “Ckrrg”% Ke mh kvzkrhkechd zkrsge dl, ke dli{egqhdoks d lgs nhs~rh~gs ckrcdegs, x zrgqhechds ~dmbhèe ckrcdeds, lgs zgbldngrks nk ksds geds ~dmbhèe {~hlhde “Kl Ckrrg” zdrd rkakrhrsk ld ch{ndn rkdl nkmheds%8 Z{blhcdng zgr ld knh~grhdl Sde Mdrcgs, ke egqhkmbrk nkl 2::34: Z{blhcdng ke ld “Zrkesd” B{kegs Dhrks, kl 46 nk digs~g nk 48>:



[e ks~{nhg sgbrk ld m{lhd, nksnk m{x ckrcd, zgr Nhgehshg Rgnglag Bkredl ke kl lhbrg? “Ld m{lhd Zdst{kôd”egs nhck t{k ld m{lhd ks edchnd ke Zdscg, x ~dmbhèe dedlhd dli{eds heal{kechds nk ks~d mÿshcd% Zkrg s{ ks~{nhga{k mdl rkchbhng zgr dli{egs44 t{k sgs~hkeke t{k ld m{lhd sk grhiheó ke ^drmd g ke g~rds ld~h~{nks nk lg t{kfgx ke níd ks O{eíe%

^keig rds~rgs nk ks~{nhgs rkdlhdngs zgr ld Drike~hed Hsdblk Drk~42 llkideng d ld cgecl{shóe nk t{k ld ~kshs nkBkredl ~gng eg ks nkl ~gng kvdc~d, nkmgs~rdeng ld eg heal{kechd nk ld qhndlä ke e{ks~rd mÿshcd% Kl ks~{nhg

cgmzlk~g eg lg fk zgnhng fdlldr, zkrg lg zrkske~g dt{í zdrd ks~{nhgs zgs~krhgrks%

[e nhscg irdbdng ke 488>, bdog ld nhrkcchóe nk L{hs Zdo{klg Aríds x cge ld zdr~hchzdchóe nk mÿshcgs cgmg?Ahnkl Rgt{k, Skqkrg Níd, D~hlhg Córngqd, Ehlg Sgbrdng, I{hllkrmg ^hcged, Klmkr Ksldng, L{hs Gred, Fèc~grMdr~kl, ks {e irde dzgr~k d ld mÿshcd, x d lgs ks~{nhgs t{k sk fde fkcfg d adqgr nk ld mÿshcd ckrrkôd% Ks~k nhscg“Ske~hmhke~g nk zld~d” ks ld zrhmkrd de~glgiíd nk ld m{lhd zdst{kôd% Ke ngenk sk z{knke kecge~rdr lds mäsbkllds m{lhds nk e{ks~rd fhs~grhd%

Crkdchgeks “zgz{ldrks” g crkdchgeks “dr~ís~hcds”

Nk~keidmgs {e rd~g ke ld cd~kigríd “c{l~{rd zgz{ldr”% Ld nhscrhmhedchóe he~klkc~{dl, t{k agrmd zdr~k nk cdnd{ed nk lds nhscrhmhedchgeks t{k chkr~gs ir{zgs fhchkrge zdrd nhqhnhr kl m{eng ke “chqhlhdngs, x Bdrbdrgs” x lgslldmdngs chqhlhdngs ks~äe lldmdngs d “chqhlhdr” x cget{hs~dr d lgs bdrbdrgs43% Ks~g eg sólg sk t{knó ke klämbh~g zglí~hcg, sheg t{k dqdeó fds~d ld c{l~{rd%

Sk z{kng nkahehr ld Nhscrhmhedchóe he~klkc~{dl cgmg? “Kl nk ld he~klhikechd ks {e rdchsmg nk ld cldsk ngmhede~kt{k sk nhs~hei{k zgr {ed cde~hndn nk zrgzhkndnks nk lg t{k sk s{klk nkshiedr cgmg rdchsmg, ks nkchr, nklrdchsmg zkt{kôgb{ri{ès t{k ks kl bldecg zrhechzdl nk ld mdxgríd nk lds crí~hcds cläshcds, kmzkdeng zgr ldsmäs a{kr~ks, cgmg ld nk Sdr~rk‡4>”

M{cfg ~hkmzg, sk egs fd mdrihedng ~hlnäengegs nk heakrhgrks% Ks~k rdchsmg nk he~klhikechd fdck t{k e{ks~rdlh~krd~{rd skd ks~{nhdnd zgr kl agl`lgrk, mäs qälhnd zdrd kl ks~{nhg de~rgzglóihcg t{k zdrd kl lh~krdrhg% C{deng skfdbld nk e{ks~rd zgksíd, sk fdbld nkl agl`lgrk zgz{ldr, sk fdbld nk c{l~{rd decks~rdl, x eg sk lk qdlhnd cgmg“lh~krd~{rd” dcdnèmhcd, x cge d{~gr, edchnd ke ld sdbhn{ríd nk lds mheds%

Ld cldsk ngmhede~k, ke ks~k cdsg ld cldsk cdzh~dlhed, ~hlndrge d ld zrgn{cchóe lh~krdrhd kscrh~d ke lds zkrhakrhds, kelgs dshke~gs mhekrgs ke kl cdsg nk Ckrrg nk Zdscg, eg zgníd zkr~kekckr, eh sht{hkrd dckrcdrsk, d lds“zrgn{cchgeks he~klkc~{dlks” zrgn{chnds ke ld cdzh~dl% “‡Shkeng {ed lh~krd~{rd‡nk eg lk~rdngs ks~d eg

cgrrkszgeníd d lds “Bkllds Dr~ks” sheg d ld nk lds “C{l~{rds Zrhmh~hqds”‡4;”%

Ld nhscrhmhedchóe he~klkc~{dl ks sólg “‡ Ks lg t{k fdck t{k lgs ngmhede~ks sk shke~de o{s~hahcdngs nk kvhs~hrcgmg ngmhede~ks, t{k shke~de t{k sge nk {ed kskechd s{zkrhgr‡41% Ks~d nhscrhmhedchóe fdck, she zrgzgeèrsklg

44 Ks~dmgs fdbldeng nkl ks~{nhgsg nkl agl`lgrk Mdrcklheg Zgrrds Mden{odeg, t{k dahrmd t{k ld M{lhd edchó ke ^drmd%42 [~hlhdmgs cgmg a{ke~k ld zäihed ykb nk Mdrcklhed Cgrekog? “Cde~krd nk Sgehngs” 43 Rkakrkechd ~gmdnd nkl lhbrg HNKGLGIÍD X ZGLÍ^HCD, Ogsè Cdrlgs Mdrhä~ki{h%4> Zhkrrk Bg{rnhk{, RDCHSMG NK LD HE^KLHIKECHD%4; Igedlg Kszheg Rkl{cè, LH^KRD^[RD GRDL G LD LH^KRD^[RD NK LD ̂ RDNHCHÓE GRDL%41 Zhkrrk Bg{rnhk{, RDCHSMG NK LD HE^KLHIKECHD%



t{k lgs z{kblgs skde kscldqgs {egs nk g~rgs% Ks~ä nhscrhmhedchóe ks ld kvc{sd t{k {~hlhde lgs z{kblgs lldmdngs“chqhlhdngs” zdrd o{s~hahcdr m{cfds nk lds cr{klndnks t{k cgmke~ke cge lgs zdísks lldmdngs nk ~krckr m{eng,“‡nk dfí rks{l~d t{k {e heilès, {e dlkmäe, {e ardecès, {e bklid, {e h~dlhdeg, sh l{cfd x m{krk zgr ld zd~rhd ks {efèrgk0 zkrg {e darhcdeg sh gsd nkakenkr s{ zd~rhd cge~rd ksds edchgeks, ks {e qhl rkbklnk x {e ~rdhngr‡ 49”%

Cdnd z{kblg “cget{hs~dng” a{k qíc~hmd nk f{mhlldchóe, eg sólg kcgeómhcd, rklhihgsd, sheg ~dmbhèe he~klkc~{dl, xks~g eg dcdbd cge ld henkckechd nk ks~gs zdísks, ks~g shi{k zgr lgs mknhgs nk ld ngmhedchóe shmbólhcd% Sk fd

nhcfg t{k lgs z{kblgs cge kscrh~{rd ~{qhkrge mkogr nkskeqglqhmhke~g x mäs crkd~hqhndn t{k dt{kllgs äirdags%Cgenkedeng nk ksd mdekrd d lgs z{kblgs äirdags nk “heakrhgrks”% Ks chkr~g, eg sk z{knk ekidr t{k ld kscrh~{rdzkrkeehd {e c{ke~g, {ed lkxkend, g dlig% Zkrg lg t{k lk nd qhnd, lg t{k lk llked nk dlhke~g, ks lg grdl% Kskcges~de~k cdmbhg, ksd cge~de~k e{kqd heqkechóe t{k fdcke, ~gndqíd ke ks~gs ~hkmzgs, ksgs dechdegs dl cgs~dngnk lds bhcfdrrds, g ke ld mksd dl mgmke~g nk ckedr% Ks heekidblk d ~gng ks~g t{k ld mdxgríd nk c{ke~gs t{k~kekmgs fgx, sólg zgr fdbldr nk lgs c{ke~gs, edchkrge nk ld grdlhndn, x nk lgs z{kblgs “hechqhlhdngs” g nk lgsrkld~gs t{k sk cge~drge zgr dli{hke ke dli{ed nk ksds heaheh~ds egcfks nk c{ke~gs% Mk d~rkqg nkchr t{k fds~d ldsmäs irdenks egqklds ~{qhkrge s{ grhike grdl, d{et{k xd eg skd rds~rkdblk%

Zkrg dl ~kmd t{k egs gc{zd, Lgs f{dxegs ckrrkôgs, ke s{ irde mdxgríd, a{krge cgmz{ks~gs zgr ike~k t{k, nksnklgs gogs nk ld cldsk ngmhede~k, eg ~keíde ld c{l~{rd dnkc{dnd zdrd fdckrlg, x ks~g sk nkbk d lgs cgeckz~gs nklh~krd~{rd, x nk dr~k, t{k rgendbde ke ksgs dôgs% Ld lh~krd~{rd, x kl dr~k, eg zgníde skr gbrds nk zkrsgeds egcgegckngrds nk lds ~ècehcds t{k ke s{ irde mdxgríd krde kvzgr~dnds nk lgs zdísks “chqhlhdngs”, x zgr lg ~de~glds g~rds crkdchgeks krde shmzlkmke~k síe~gmds nk “bdrbdrhk” nk lds cldsks heakrhgrks, x fdbíd t{k krrdnhcdr ks~g%“‡Ld lh~krd~{rd skrä {ed kvzrkshóe chqhlhdnd nk lds cdzds sgchdlks ngmhede~ks% X ks~g kvzgek, ke ~èrmhegs~kórhcgs, cge lgs shi{hke~ks dri{mke~gs? 4% Ld zrk – kvhs~kechd nk ld {ehndn edchgedl t{k sk ~rdn{ck zdrd ldèzgcd ke {ed sgld lkei{d &ke ks~k cdsg, kl cds~klldeg? mknhg zrks~hihdng zdrd ld kvzrkshóe nk ld lh~krd~{rd(0 2% Ldlkei{d lh~krdrhd t{k dnkmäs sk cgm{ehcd d ~rdqès nk ld kscrh~{rd &ks nkchr, sk ahod(% 3% X shm{l~äekdmke~k, ks~dskvzrkshgeks sk m{kqke ke kl cdmzg nk lgs mgnklgs cgeskrqdngrks g rkegqdngs t{k sge dckz~dngs zgr ld

hes~h~{chóe lh~krdrhd‡46

”% Cge ~gnds ks~ds dahrmdchgeks, x “lkxks” t{k fdbíde z{ks~g d ld lh~krd~{rd, ks aächlke~kenkr zgrt{k eg sk cgeshnkrdrge nke~rg nkl “cdege” m{cfds gbrds lh~krdrhds t{k, zgr s{s mkrh~gs, mkrkckeks~dr dfí%

Zkrg cge ks~ds dahrmdchgeks eg sólg nkode nk ldng d ld lh~krd~{rd kscrh~d ke g~rgs hnhgmds &hnhgmds nk lgsqkechngs(, sheg ~dmbhèe d ld kscrh~d zgr ld cldsk zgz{ldr% Eg ~k ~keíd ednd t{k qkr nke~rg nk ld “Ch{ndnLk~rdnd48”, cgmz{ks~d ke s{ irde mdxgríd zgr ike~k nk dl~d “c{l~{rd” he~klkc~{dl% Ke cgecl{shóe, nkodeng d~räs~gngs lgs rdchsmg nk he~klhikechd, x rdchsmg sgchdlks, zgnkmgs dahrmdr t{k lds crkdchgeks ckrrkôds, ke lds lk~rdsnk s{s f{dxegs, qde mäs dllä nk ld cd~kigríd “crkdchóe zgz{ldr 2:”, crkdchgeks bdrbdräs, x cge kvzrkshgeksc{l~{rdlks nk ske~hr zdst{kôg% Ndng t{k zdrd skr sdbhg, g cgegckngr, eg ks ekcksdrhg sdbkr lkkr eh kscrhbhr, eh

zdsdr zgr kl rhi{rgsg cdmzg nk ks~{nhgs t{k kl shs~kmd kn{cd~hqg fd hmzlde~dng, z{ks Sdrdmdig nhck? “‡Ldsngs zkrsgeds mäs sdbhds t{k fk cgegchng eg sdbíde eh lkkr eh kscrhbhr‡ krde zds~grks, x mhs db{klgs‡ 24”

49 Ogsè Cdrlgs Mdrhä~ki{h, HNKGLGIHD X ZGLH^HCD% 46 Igedlg Kszheg Rkl{ck, LH^KRD^[RD GRDL G LD LH^KRD^[RD NK LD ̂ RDNHCHÓE GRDL%48 Cd~kigríd t{k dzlhcd Rdmd d lds zkrsgeds dcdnèmhcds x zgskkngrds nk {e ehqkl c{l~{rdl dmzlhg%2: Cge ks~g eg mk rkahkrg d t{k ks~ds crkdchgeks eg ks~èe ckrcdeds dl z{kblg, sheg, shmzlkmke~k, d t{k eg sge cges~r{cchgeks nk z{kblgs “bdrbdrgs”nksnk kl cgeckz~g gcchnke~dl nkl dr~k, de~ks bhke crkdchgeks t{k rkalkode ld sdbhn{ríd k he~klkc~g nk lgs fgmbrks crkdngrks nk lds dl~{rds xcgegckngrks, mäs t{k ednhk, nk lds zrga{enhndnks mhekrds, nk ld rkdlhndn nk cgeqhqkechd ke cke~rg mhekrgs%24 A{endchóe Egbkl, NHSC[RSG NKL ZRKMHG EGBKL 4886%



Cgeckzchgeks nkl Dmgr, Egs~dlihd x ^rhs~kd

Ks~gs ske~hmhke~gs ks~dríde, nksnk mh z{e~g nk qhs~d, eg ke kl irdng nk s{s~de~hqgs dbs~rdc~gs, z{ks skiÿe ld~kgríd nk nhcfgs s{s~de~hqgs, ès~gs z{knke skr zkrchbhngs cge dli{egs nk e{ks~rgs checg ske~hngs22, sheg ke ldcd~kigríd nk ske~hngs s{b – dbs~rdc~gs, z{ks eg sge zkrchbhngs zgr ehei{eg nk lgs ske~hngs cgegchngs fds~ddfgrd, sheg zgr cgsds c{ks~hgeks ckrkbrdlks t{k fds~d dfgrd eg sk z{knke nkahehr%

Sgbrk kl dmgr sk fd kscrh~g m{cfg, ÿl~hmdmke~k sk fde nk~kc~dng geds ckrkbrdlks ke ngenk sk nhck t{k ks~ä klärkd kecdridnd nkl dmgr% Zkrg nkahedmgs {ed cgsd, dt{í eg egs he~krksd kl dmgr cgmg ksk ske~hmhke~g z{rg t{ksk shke~k zgr {ed zkrsged, zgr {e fhog, g zgr dliÿe ~ó~km% Eg he~krksd kl dmgr zdshgedl, kl dmgr t{k llkid dmd~dr, kl dmgr keakrmhg x cdsh ~krcg t{k sk kscrhbk ke ld lh~krd~{rd% Zkrg cgmg rkakrkechd zgnkmgs zrkske~dr {ecgeckz~g nk dmgr? “Sk fd nhcfg shkmzrk t{k ld zdldbrd dmgr z{knk grhihedrsk ke dli{egs ~èrmhegs irhkigs“Krgs”, “Zfhlhs” x “Äidzk”, cdnd {eg cge s{ zrgzhg shiehahcdng x cgmzlkod nkahehchóe% Krgs ks {e dmgr mäs nkcdrek, mäs aälhcg% Zfhlhs ks kl dmgr nk fkrmdegs, kl dmgr nk dmhigs, kl dmgr ke~rk lgs fgmbrks nk ldf{mdehndn% X äidzk ks kl dmgr zkrakc~g, kl dmgr nhqheg23”% Cge ks~ds nhakrkechds, sk z{knk eg~dr t{k dmgr,cgmg {e ke~k s{bok~hqg, eg ~hkek ke ld gbok~hqhndn nk lgs ks~{nhgs {e shiehahcdng zrkchsg x t{k rkszgend d ~gngs

lgs d~rhb{~gs%

Fdx m{cfg mäs t{k fdbldr sgbrk kl dmgr, zkrg ksg lg fdrkmgs ke lds líekds shi{hke~ks% Zdskmgs dfgrd dlcgeckz~g nk egs~dlihd%

Egs~dlihd ks {ed zdldbrd t{k skiÿe dli{egs ks~{nhgsgs nkbk skr rkskmde~hdnd zdrd lgs ks~{nhgs lh~krdrhgs, xdt{k “egs~dlihd”, ke s{ dckzchóe dc~{dl, z{knk skr cgeshnkrdnd cgmg {ed keakrmkndn% Zkrg nkokmgs t{k {edkszkchdlhs~d ke kl ~kmd egs hl{s~rk sgbrk lg t{k ks%

“‡N{rde~k lgs shilgs VQHH x VQHHH, ld egs~dlihd sk cgeshnkrdbd {ed keakrmkndn clíehcd% Ke kl shilg VV, sk

ds{mhó cgmg {e ~rds~greg zsht{hä~rhcg, cge síe~gmds cgmg kl hesgmehg, ld deshkndn x ld nkzrkshóeRkchke~kmke~k, lgs zshcólgigs fde cgmkedng d cgecke~rdrsk ke lgs dszkc~gs zgsh~hqgs x zg~kechdlmke~k~krdzè{~hcgs nk ld egs~dlihd% Kl zshcólgig Cges~de~hek Sknh`hnks nk ld [ehqkrshndn nk Sg{~fdmz~ge x s{scglkids fde zrkske~dng {e heagrmk sgbrk kl ks~dng dc~{dl nk ks~k cdmzg nk heqks~hidchóe x kl e{kqg keagt{kcge t{k sk dbgrnd kl ks~{nhg nk ld egs~dlihd%

Ks~{nhgs rkchke~ks ke lgs t{k sk kvdmhed ld egs~dlihd fde nkmgs~rdng t{k ès~d sk zrkske~d ke zkrsgeds nk ~gndslds c{l~{rds x nk ~gngs lgs ir{zgs nk kndnks% D zksdr nk ndrsk ke henhqhn{gs ~de nhs~he~gs, chkr~gs rdsigs sgecgm{eks ke ld mdxgríd nk lds kvzkrhkechds nk ks~k ~hzg% Zgr kokmzlg, lgs zkesdmhke~gs egs~älihcgs t{kkvzkrhmke~dmgs dcgs~{mbrde d skr sgbrk {ed zkrsged m{x ckrcded dakc~hqdmke~k, {e s{cksg rklkqde~k g {e

l{idr t{k ks hmzgr~de~k zdrd egsg~rgs% Dnkmäs, sglkmgs skr ld ks~rklld nkl sfgy ke e{ks~rds ksckeds egs~älihcds,d{et{k zgr lg ikekrdl, ks~kmgs rgnkdngs nk admhlhdrks x dmhigs%

Ld heqks~hidchóe zlde~kd t{k ld egs~dlihd z{knk zrgmgqkr ld sdl{n zshcglóihcd% Ld hen{cchóe nk ld egs~dlihd ke{e ir{zg nk qgl{e~drhgs zdrd kl ks~{nhg, ~rdog cgmg cgeskc{kechd ikekrdl ld dzdrhchóe nk ske~hmhke~gs zgsh~hqgske nhcfg ir{zg, hecl{xkeng {ed mdxgr d{~gks~hmd x {e d{mke~g ke ld skesdchóe nk ske~hrsk dmdngs x

22 Lgs ks~{nhgs ahshglóihcgs nhsc{~ke dÿe ld kvhs~kechd nk sólg checg ske~hngs, dli{egs dr~íc{lgs x ks~{nhgs nde d cgegckr ld kvhs~kechd nk fds~d ngckske~hngs%23 Rkakrkechd ~gmdnd nk {e dr~íc{lg heènh~g “KL DMGR X S[S CGMZLKOHNDNKS” zgr O{e Hsd Sde~d Cr{%



zrg~kihngs zgr g~rds zkrsgeds% Dnkmäs, {e ks~{nhg rkchke~k ~dmbhèe fd nkmgs~rdng t{k ld egs~dlihd cge~rdrrks~dkakc~gs egchqgs nk ld sglkndn dl d{mke~dr e{ks~rd zkrckzchóe nk dzgxg sgchdl% X ke ksk mhsmg ks~{nhg sknksc{brhó t{k ld sglkndn z{knk nhszdrdr ld egs~dlihd%

G~rd a{echóe hmzgr~de~k nk ld egs~dlihd z{knk skr ld nk rkagrdr lgs qíec{lgs ke~rk e{ks~rg zdsdng x e{ks~rgzrkske~k% Ks nkchr, ld egs~dlihd z{knk zrgzgrchgedregs {ed qhshóe zgsh~hqd nkl zdsdng x ks~g zgnríd dx{ndregs dnksdrrglldr {e mdxgr ske~hng nk cge~he{hndn x ndrlk mäs shiehahcdng d e{ks~rds qhnds% Lgs heqks~hidngrks

cgeok~{rde t{k ld egs~dlihd z{knk dnkmäs ~kekr {ed mdxgr hmzgr~dechd zdrd lgs dechdegs, z{ks kllgs sge mäsq{lekrdblks dl dhsldmhke~g sgchdl x, zgr ~de~g, ld egs~dlihd z{knk dx{ndrlks d s{zkrdr ske~hmhke~gs nksglkndn‡2>”

Sh ld egs~dlihd ks~ä rkldchgednd cge ld sglkndn x cge ld d{skechd ld zkrsged t{krhnd, ke~gecks ks~d ~dmbhèe bhkerkldchgednd cge ld ~rhs~kd%

Zdrd ks~{nhdr kl cgeckz~g nk ~rhs~kd, ks b{keg rkmge~dregs, x ksg lg fdrkmgs ke s{ mgmke~g, d cdnd {ed ldsksc{klds ahlgsóahcds t{k nhkrge s{ zgshchóe rkszkc~g dl ~kmd% Lldmd ld d~kechóe ld cgeckzchóe nkl ehfhlhsmg x klzkshmhsmg sgbrk ld ~rhs~kd%

“‡S{zkrcfkríd nk ks~hlg, ngenk ld ~rhs~kd sk q{klqk hefószh~d, x ld zdldbrd hefgszh~dldrhd, sk kvhs~k zdrd ldm{kr~k% Nk fkcfg sk ks~ä ~rhs~k x kl m{eng cgmhked d kvhs~hr 2;, nk dfí t{k sk crkd t{k ld md~krhd ks k~kredzgrt{k shkmzrk sk ks~ä ~rhs~k% Cge~rd ks~d keakrmkndn crkdchgehs~d sk heqke~ó kl zkesdmhke~g ahlgsóahcg, xd t{kke s{ zrhechzhg kl zkesdmhke~g ks nks~r{cchóe, dirkshóe cge~rd kl m{eng, ke {ed mkcäehcd t{k cgmzrgmk~k lgschmhke~gs nk lg rkdl, lg rkn{ck d zglqg fds~d t{k z{knds kvcldmdr? ¤Ld rkdlhndn nd läs~hmd$%%% 21”

Fkmgs ~rd~dng nk skr lg mäs gbok~hqgs x dcdnèmhcgs zdrd lgs cgeckz~gs, zkrg, c{deng llki{k kl mgmke~gfdbldrkmgs nk lgs cgeckz~gs drrhbd mkechgedngs nksnk z{e~gs mäs s{bok~hqgs% Zgrt{k dl skr gbok~gs “s{b

dbs~rdc~gs” eg ~hkek nkahehchgeks nkahehnds, sheg t{k ~gmde rkdlhndnks nhakrke~ks zdrd cdnd cdsg kszkcíahcg%

Kl dmgr ke lgs f{dxegs nkl Ckrrg nk Zdscg%

Cgmg ke ld mdxgríd nk kvzrkshgeks dr~ís~hcds, kl dmgr eg sólg sk rkalkod ke {e dmgr nk zdrkod, g “krgs”, ~dmbhèesk rkalkod kl dmgr d ld ~hkrrd, d lgs dr~íc{lgs, d lgs dmhigs, x d {e sheaíe nk cgsds t{k dzdrkcke ke kl {ehqkrsgmhekrg% Ksk dmgr sk fdck mdehahks~g ke lds kvzrkshgeks lh~krdrhds, m{shcdlks x dr~ís~hcds nk e{ks~rd zgbldchóe%Qkdmgs dli{egs dszkc~gs nkl dmgr ke lgs f{dxeh~gs nk e{ks~rd ~hkrrd%

Dmgr d ld ~hkrrd

Kl dmgr d ld ~hkrrd, dl l{idr ngenk sk edck, ~hkek ld mhsmd he~keshndn t{k kl dmgr d ld mdnrk% Ks zgr ksg t{km{cfgs nk lgs cde~gs ks~äe nknhcdngs d ld ~hkrrd% Zkrg ksd ks {ed cdrdc~krhd t{k xd ke ld lh~krd~{rd sk fdbídkvzrksdng ke kl “henhikehsmg”% Ardsks cgmg? “‡Sh zdrd c{dlt{hkr fgmbrk ld kvz{lshóe ks {ed darke~d, zdrd {ehenhg‡ ld kvz{lshóe nk ld cgm{ehndn shiehahcd ~gnds lds darke~ds zgshblks, kl rks{mke nk ~gngs lgs nglgrksarke~k d ld zèrnhnd nk ~gngs lgs bhkeks? ld cfgd, ld ~hkrrd, kl idedng, kl ohrcd x ld admhlhd% Sgbrk ~gng, ld

2> Cges~de~hek Shnh`knks, ke {e heagrmk sgbrk kl e{kqg cdmzg nk ld egs~dlihd, rkakrkechd ~gmdnd nk {ed rkqhs~d chke~íahcd%2; Bk`krlkx fdbldeng sgbrk ld ahlgsgaíd%21 Cdlkb Glhqkrd Rgmkrg, Ahlósgags? ~rhs~kd nk ld ahlgsgaíd%



cfgd‡29” Egs fdcke qkr dl dmgr t{k lk ~hkeke lgs “henhgs”, ke e{ks~rg cdsg, “lgs Ckrrkôgs” d s{ cgm{ehndn%Zkrg kl dmgr d ld ~hkrrd eg sk nd ÿehcdmke~k ke lgs rkld~gs denhegs, sheg, ~dmbhèe, ke g~rgs rkld~gs dlrknkngr nklm{eng% [e rkld~g kscgsks egs nhck “‡dl zgbrk db{klg lgcg, dl cfhaldng t{k qhqíd ke {e ~rhs~k x gsc{rg c{dr~h~gckrcdeg d ld ~krrdd, ngenk, d lgs checg dôgs xg lg qh she cgmzrkenkr ld ~kmzks~dn x kl nksidrrdmhke~g nklkvhlhg", "gc{l~g zgr ld keakrmkndn x ld lgc{rd nkl m{eng t{k drrds~rd d lgs fgmbrks lkogs nk s{ ~hkrrd, x t{k {eníd lgs nkq{klqk, crèdmk, cgmg glds d ld zldxd‡26” Ks~k ske~hmhke~g nk nglgr, rkalkod, she zrgzgeèrsklgnhrkc~dmke~k, kl nglgr cd{sdng zgr kl dmgr t{k sk shke~k d ld ~hkrrd%

Ke lh~krd~{rd nkl Ckrrg nk Zdscg, cgmg ke g~rds lh~krd~{rds nkl m{eng, ks~k nglgr eg shmzlkmke~k sk t{knd dfíóskd t{k eg sólg sk dmd d ld ~hkrrd, sheg, cgmg ke Lózk Dlbÿodr, d ~gnds lds cgsds t{k fdx dfí% [e f{dxeg nklCkrrg, egs fdbld nk {e dmgr d ld ~hkrrd, cgmzdräengld cge ld nk lgs fhogs d lgs zdnrks%

Ckrrg nk Zdscg t{krhngshkmzrk skräs gri{llgsgzgrt{k ~{s fhogs ~k dldbdezgr mäs lkogs t{k sk qdxde28%

Ke kl m{eng gcchnke~dl, fdblg nk ld rklhihóe crhs~hded, “dldbdr” ks {e ~èrmheg t{k qd nk ld mdeg cge kl dmgr z{ks “kl dmgr” ks {ed “kscldqh~{n” qgl{e~drhd% “Dldbdr”, ke ~hkmzgs nk lds c{l~{rds kscldqhs~d, cgmg ld irhkid xrgmded, krd {ed gblhidchóe% Sk ~keíd t{k dngrdr, “dldbdr” dl Cèsdr, g d lds d{~grhndnks% Ke ld cgsmgqhshóedenhed, skiÿe L{hs Dlbkr~g Säecfk, “‡sk dngrd d lg t{k sk ~kmk‡3:” Zkrg kl mhsmg f{dxeh~gs qd mäs dlläEg ks kl ~kmgr, eh ld gblhidchóe, sh ld kscldqh~{n zgr dmgr lg t{k ks ks~k dmgr% Ks {e ske~hmhke~g z{rg,hecgenhchgedng, zgr ld ~hkrrd% D{et{k kl dmgr eg z{knk skr hecgenhchgedng%

Zgr m{x lkogs t{k qdxdmgsshkmzrk lg zrge{echdrkmgs

¤T{è qhqd Ckrrg nk Zdscg$ks~d ~hkrrd ~de t{krhnd34%

Lgs fhogs lk zhnke dl zdnrk t{k ks~è gri{llgsg nk s{s fhogs, ke zrhmkrd hes~dechd, zkrg nksz{ès kllgs zrgmk~kellkqdr kl egmbrk nk s{ ~hkrrd ~de lkogs cgmg z{knde, ~de lkogs cgmg qdxde% Mk lldmd ld d~kechóe ld zdldbrd{~hlhdnd “T{krhnd”% T{krhnd qhkek nk t{krkr, t{k qkenríd nkl irhkig “Zfhlhs”, t{k ke kszdôgl t{krríd nkchr {e“dmgr cgenhchgedng” {e dmgr t{k z{knk ndr ~gng, zgr kl skr t{k sk dmd, zkrg eg ld qhnd%

Sk ~kenríd t{k fdbldr cge lgs cgmzgsh~grks nk ks~k f{dxeg zdrd sdbkr sh a{k cds{dl g he~kechgedl ksd ardskD{et{k ke rkdlhndn ksk dmgr sh ks cgenhchgedng, ld ~hkrrd eg sglg egs qk edckr, sheg, ~dmbhèe egs e{~rk, x eg

agrmd cgmg sgmgs% “‡Ld qhnd, cgmg lg dahrmdbd Yhlsge, qhkek nk ld ~hkrrd% Kl dr~k ~hkek ekckshndn nkdlhmke~drsk nk ld sdqhd nk {ed ~rdnhchóe, nk {ed fhs~grhd, nk {e z{kblg‡32”%

29 Kerht{k Lózk Dlbÿodr, [SFDEDM ODMZH X G^RGS C[KE^GS DENHEGS26 Gridmbhnk, Zknrg? Dqke~{rds nk Knm{en _hllkr% B{kegs Dhrks, Knh~grhdl Dbrhl, 486>28 DT[Í QHKEKE LGS CKRRKÔH^GS, Qkrshóe nk “Dlmd Denhed”, ke ld qg nk lds “ckrrkôh~ds” 3: L{hs Dlbkr~g Säecfk, FHS^GRHD IKEKRDL NK DMÈRHCD, ^GMG H34 DT[Í QHKEKE LGS CKRRKÔH^GS% 32 Ogsè Cdrlgs Mdrhä~ki{h, KL ZRGCKSG NK LD LH^KRD^[RD, SHK^K KESDXGS NK HE^KRZRK^DCHGE NK LD RKDLHNDN ZKR[DED%



Zdrd dmdr d dli{hke eg hmzgr~d kl l{idr ke nóenk sk ks~è% Sk z{knk dmdr d dli{hke ks~deng d `hlómk~rgs nknhs~dechd, k hecl{sg ke ld cärckl% Ks~k dmgr, ks z{rg% Eg sk mdecfd cge ednd% Ld nhs~dechd lk nd ksk ~gt{kkszkchdl, ksd sdbíd, t{k e{~rk d lds rkldchgeks% G~rg f{dxeg lk nd ksk ~gt{k rgmäe~hcg, dmgrgsg, d e{ks~rdlh~krd~{rd%

Nksnk lds rkods nk {ed zrhshóe,nksnk lds dlds nk ld m{kr~k,

nksnk kl sh~hg nóenk mk kec{ke~rg~k cde~drè ~hkrrd t{krhnd33%

C{deng sk dmd, g zgr lg mkegs c{deng sk t{hkrk, ednd hmzhnk t{k sk lk cde~k, g sk lk nknht{ke qkrsgs d ld cgsddmdnd%

Zkrg cgmg nhohmgs de~ks, eg ks ke qdeg, x eg zgr ednd sk t{hkrk, g~rg ir{zg, Ks~dmzds Denheds, eg nd {ekvzlhcdchóe kl t{k zgr sk t{hkrk, sk dngrd d ld ~hkrrd, d ld ch{ndn mäs dl~d nkl m{eng%

Ckrrg nk Zdscg,^hkrrd t{krhnd,krks ld mäs dngrdndzgr ~{s rht{kds x egmbrk3>%

Sk t{hkrk zgr s{s rht{kds, zgr s{ egmbrk% Zgr lg t{k g~rgs keqhnhde nk e{ks~rd ~hkrrd% Zgr lds zkrsgeds t{kqhqhkrge dfí, zgr lds rht{kds t{k kechkrrde s{s qk~ds, s{s mheds% Zgr s{ ikgirdaíd%

Kl dmgr d lds m{okrks x kl nk zdrkod%

Mhke~rds t{k lds lk~rds, ke lgs f{dxeh~gs ckrrkôgs, t{k rkalkode kl dmgr d ld ~hkrrd sge m{x zgcgs kecge~rdmgs{ed db{ende~k lh~krd~{rd sgbrk kl dmgr d lds m{okrks, x sgbrk ~gng d ld m{okr ckrrkôd%

Zkrg ks~k dmgr ks cgrrkszgenhng% Klld, ke dli{egs cdsgs, ~dmbhèe t{hkrk dl t{k lk cde~d, d zksdr nk ~gngs s{snkakc~gs, d zksdr nk ~gnds lds cgsds t{k l{cfde ke s{ cge~rd%

Klld nhck t{k mk t{hkrkd{et{k bgrrdcfh~g sgx,zgrt{k ~gng lg t{k zhnkcge cdrhôg sk lg ngx3;%

Klld lk t{hkrk, d zksdr nk skr bgrrdcfg, lg di{de~d%

Ke g~rgs f{dxegs, dl hi{dl t{k ke lgs f{dxegs t{k fdblde nkl dmgr d ld ~hkrrd, kl dmgr ks zgr dli{ed c{dlhndnt{k ld m{okr%

33 ^h~{lg eg hnke~hahcdng, KS^DMZDS DENHEDS NK MHLZG%3> CKRRG NK ZDSCG, Ks~dmzds denheds nk Mhlzg%3; KL DCKH^[EDL, Rdmhrg Rdè Chsekrgs, 4839



C{deng mk mhrde ~{s goh~gs, ~{s goh~gs%C{deng mk mhrde ~{s goh~gs, ~{s goh~gs%Zdrkck t{k mk dl{mbrde lgs l{ckrgs nkl chklg,zdrkck t{k mk dl{mbrdrde lgs l{ckrgs nkl chklg31%

Sge lgs gogs, lgs t{k dmd kl cde~gr% Lgs cgmzdrd cge lgs l{ckrgs nkl chklg, zgr kl brhllg t{k kllgs lks nde d s{qhnd%

Zkrg kl mgr ke ks~gs f{dxegs eg t{knd dllí% Sk dmd cge zdshóe, fds~d cge ~krt{kndn% Mdrhä~ki{h, nksnk s{qhshóe nk sgchólgig, fdbld nkl dmgr x nk lds cgsds “gbok~hqds” t{k èl qk nksnk s{ zgshchóe, “‡eg fdx ke ldike~k ehei{ed zrgzkeshóe zdr~hc{ldr d llkqdr d s{ dmgr fds~d ld ~rdiknhd, zhs~dldg g c{cfhlldnd‡ 39”% Ke lgsf{dxeh~gs ckrrkôgs ~dmbhèe sk dmd cge zdshóe, sge ~krt{kndn x cge cgeskc{kechds ~räihcds%

Dl zhk nk qke~deh~d~keig {e z{ôdl kscgenhngzdrd cldqdr~k ke kl zkcfgsh eg ~k cdsds cgemhig36%

Zkrg ks~k dmgr, Mdrhä~ki{h, sólg lg qkíd ke H~dlhd, xd t{k ke Ardechd sk fdbíd, nksnk fdck m{cfg ~hkmzg, nkodng,g e{ecd, sk fdbíd dmdng nk ksd mdekrd% X kvcldmd? “‡Zkrg dt{í ~gngs ~gmde kl dmgr ~de ke skrhg$%%% 38” X ksdsí% Kl dmgr sk ~gmd ~de keskrhg ke kl Ckrrg nk Zdscg% “‡Zgrt{k, nksz{ès nk ~gng, ks ekcksdrhg t{k fdxd ke klm{eng t{hèe skzd dmdr cge fkrgísmg x she zgenkrdchóe, mknhnd eh dzdshgedmhke~gs, nk g~rd mdekrd, kl m{engskríd nk {ed db{rrhnd x nk~ks~dblk mgeg~geíd kszhrh~{dl‡>:” X ks chkr~g, ks mkogr dmdr cge zdshóe t{k eg dmdr%D{et{k ks~g llkqk dl nklh~g%

Llkeg nk hrd dl qkrmk xd ~rdhchgedng

Llkeg nk hrd dl qkrmk xd ~rdhchgedng%Sdt{k kl rkqólqkr x lk zkt{k s{ bdldgsdt{k kl rkqólqkr x lk zkt{k s{ bdldg>4%

Kl dmde~k dl llkidr d s{ cdsd lk kec{ke~rd cge g~rg cfglg n{rmhkeng, x cgmk~k kl crhmke x drr{hed s{ qhnd% Zkrgeg sólg ke lds lk~rds nk e{ks~rg f{dxeg s{cknke crímkeks nk dmgr% Rkcgrnkmgs d Rgmkg x O{lhk~d, dl ^ÿekl, kheahehndn nk egqklds x zgksíds, ke lds t{k kl dmgr sk q{klqk ~rdiknhd%

Egs~dlihd x ~rhs~kd ke kl f{dxeg ckrrkôg

Ld ~rhs~kd o{kid shkmzrk cge ld egs~dlihd% Ld egs~dlihd ks kl rkc{krng, t{k eg t{hkrk hrsk, nk ld zkrsged dmdnd,nk ld cgsd dmdnd, nkl gbok~g dmdng%

31 CDZ[LLHÔDYH CKRRKÔH^D, qkrshóe nkl cgeo{e~g Mklgníds nkl Ckrrg nk Zdscg%39 Ogsè Cdrlgs Mdrhä~ki{h, CDR^DS NKSNK H^DLHD% 36 DL ZHK NK ^[ QKE^DEH^D, qkrshóe nk Dlmd Denhed38 Ogsè Cdrlgs Mdrhä~ki{h, CDR^DS NKSNK H^DLHD%>: Ogsè Cdrlgs Mdrhä~ki{h, CDR^DS NKSNK H^DLHD%>4 KL _GRRG, qkrshóe nk Mklgníds Denheds nk Ckrrg nk Zdscg%



Ke Ckrrg nk Zdscg, ks~gs Ske~hmhke~gs, sge lgs mäs a{kr~ks% Ld lh~krd~{rd zdst{kôd ks ~rhs~k, mkldecólhcd% ^gngks~g sk nkbk d “‡ld rkdlhndn qhqkechdl nk lgs ckrrkôgs, ld qhl kvzlg~dchóe nk lgs mhekrdlks, dsí cgmg kl s{ngr, ldsdeirk, lds läirhmds x kl nks~heg nk mhlldrks nk fgmbrks nk lds dl~{rds% D ks~k dmbhke~k sk s{md kl rhigr nklclhmd ll{qhgsg x kl dmbhke~k ~è~rhcg, kszkchdlmke~k ke lds zkt{kôds fdbh~dchgeks t{k gc{zdbde% Lgs dcchnke~ksx m{kr~ks ~dmbhèe ks~dbde d ld grnke nkl níd, dsí cgmg lgs zrko{hchgs sgchdlks rkhede~ks, ld mdrihedchóe, lgsrkske~hmhke~gs x ar{s~rdchgeks, m{cfds qkcks dirdqdnds cge ~rdhchgeks g cld{nhcdchgeks nk nhrhike~kshes~h~{chgedlks x d{~grhndnks% Ld m{lhd cgmzkenhd kl dlmd nglhnd nkl zdst{kôg x s{ cde~dr ~rhs~k x

t{ko{mbrgsg% Sk shke~k d ld nhs~dechd kl lä~hig nk ld heo{s~hchd sgchdl t{k zdnkcke nksnk shilgs d~räs‡>2”% Cgmgqkmgs ld ~rhs~kd x egs~dlihd ke ks~ds ~hkrrds egs ks ird~hs, eh {ed mgnd% Ks, mäs bhke, ld cgeahi{rdchóe nklske~hmhke~g nkl dlmd%

Zkrg ~gng lg t{k sk kscrhbhó líekds drrhbds ks cgegchng% T{krkmgs fdckr {ed nhqhshóe, {ed líekd hmdihedrhdsgbrk ks~k cgeckz~g, x nhqhnhr ke~rd ld egs~dlihd nk he~krhgr mhed, x nk kv~krhgr mhed% Ks~g skrä a{endmke~dl kee{ks~rg ks~{nhg ndng t{k lds ~rhs~kds x qhqkechds sge nhakrke~ks ke ld mhsmd mhed, t{k ke kl dshke~g mhekrg%“‡Ld egs~dlihd ks {ed ~rhs~kd mkldecólhcd t{k s{rik zgr kl rkc{krng nk {ed zèrnhnd% S{klkkvzkrhmke~drsk c{deng {ed zkrsged ks~ä d{ske~k nk s{ zd~rhd x kv~rdôd d s{ ike~k% ^dmbhèe sk shke~k egs~dlihdzgr lgs skrks t{krhngs xd adllkchngs% Ld egs~dlihd z{knk nkahehrsk cgmg ld zked t{k sk shke~k zgr dlig t{k skfd ~kehng x t{k, ke ld dc~{dlhndn, xd eg sk ~hkek % [ed kszkchk nk egs~dlihd cgmzdr~hnd d ehqkl sgchdl ks dt{klldt{k kvzrksd t{k ~gng ~hkmzg zdsdng a{k mkogr% M{cfds zkrsgeds sgs~hkeke t{k, ~hkmzg d~räs, kl fgmbrk ~keíd{ed mkogr cdlhndn, dÿe c{deng ksg, sh sk mhnke henhcdngrks gbok~hqgs &cgmg ld kvzkc~d~hqd nk qhnd g ldscgenhchgeks ldbgrdlks(, skd adlsg‡%>3”

Egs~dlihd x ~rhs~kd dl he~krhgr nk ld mhed

Ks m{x zgcg kl ~ks~hmgehg nk ks~ds cdechgeks, nk ks~ds qhqkechds% Sk z{knk nkchr t{k lgs ckrrkôgs he~ke~dbdeglqhndr s{s n{rds adkeds nk ~rdbdog ke lds mheds x t{k kqh~dbde mkechgedr ksds qhqkechds ke s{s cdechgeks% Zkrg

nk 482> nd~g {ed ks~rgad t{k fdbld nk ksk cr{kl s{arhmhke~g%

·Cómg t{hkrks t{k xg shidshe kszkrded ehei{ed7%%%ke ld mhed ~rdbdodengld m{kr~k sglg kszkrdeng>>%

Dl he~krhgr nk ld mhed xd eg fdbíd kszkrded% Lgs mhekrgs edrrde t{k mgrhr krd cgsd nk ~gngs lgs níds ke ldsmheds% Ld m{kr~k zdsdbd zgr s{s gogs, x b{scdbd s{ sdeirk% O{de nk ld Md~d fdck rkakrkechd nk ld m{kr~k ke ldsmheds? “ld m{kr~k eg t{kríd qkehr, z{ks ks~dbd gc{zdnd ke lgs sgcdqgeks‡ dl ahe m{rhó Mdx~d, ke mknhg nk {e

qgmh~g nk sdeirk cdsh ekird‡ ~{zhnd nóenk s{s z{lmgeks sk fdbíde fkcfg nk cgbrk‡>;” Ld m{kr~k ks~dbdgc{zdnd ke ld mhed, ks qkrndn, ks~dbd gc{zdnd cd{sdeng dcchnke~ks, cd{sdeng kvzlgshgeks, d~deng lgs zhks nklgs mhekrgs% Zkrg eg sólg ks~dbd ke lds mheds, ks~dbd ke lgs fgszh~dlks, ke lgs cke~rgs mènhcgs, cge lgs mhekrgsm{rhkeng nk keakrmkndnks mhekrds% Ke lgs dcchnke~ks% Lgs mhekrgs sdbíde t{k ke c{dlt{hkr mgmke~g ldm{kr~k, ld zdrcd, lgs hbd d llkqdr% Zgr ksg, ke {e cde~g mdihs~rdl nhcke?

>2 Mdqhlg Cdlkrg Zèrk, ̂ RDNHCHGEKS ZDST[KÔDS% >3 Nk {ed dr~íc{lg, nóenk egs kszkchahcd d{~gr% >> Mde{kl Irhodlqd Cdbkllg, KL MHEKRG, cdredqdlks nk 482>>; Mhi{kl nk ld Md~d, KE LD EGCFK HEAHEH^D, ZDSCG 4889

http://definicion.de/persona






Ke kl cds~hllg nk Lg{rnksfdx {ed od{ld nk dckrgnóenk s{bk, nóenk bdod,ld qhnd nkl zgnrk gbrkrg>1%

Nóenk bdod, nóenk s{bk, ld qhnd nkl zgbrk gbrkrg% S{bíde g bdode, d qkcks, zdrd e{ecd mäs qglqkr% Dfí

Lg{rnks, ld ke~rdnd d ld mhed, dl m{eng s{b~krräekg, d ksk m{eng nk cr{klndn, nk ddr%

Zkrg lgs mhekrgs, cgmg c{dlt{hkr g~rd zkrsged, sk kecdrhôdrge cge lgs hmzlkmke~gs nk s{ ~rdbdog, cge s{“mdmkl{cg”, cge ld ldmzdrh~d nk cdrb{rg, cge s{s bg~ds nk ski{rhndn% Ednhk, cgmg kl mhekrg, cgmg ks~k~rdbdodngr nk lds zrga{enhndnks zdrd cde~drlk d s{ ldmzdrh~d, cge cdrhôg, cge cgeahded%

Ldmzdrh~d, ldmzdrh~d,ldmzdrh~d nk cdrb{rg,~{ egmds ks~ds sdbhkengld qhnd t{k qgx llkqdeng>9%

Zkrg ld skeshbhlhndn, ld zked, eg shkmzrk krde zgr {eg mhsmg% Ld skeshbhlhndn fdbíd kqgl{chgedng x kl nglgr krdcgmzdr~hng% Kl nglkrsk zgr kl nglgr dokeg, zgr kl nglgr nkl dmhig, nkl cgmzdôkrg nk mhed, d zksdr nk egcgegckrlg, fdck dl zgk~d mhekrg, dl zgk~d zdst{kôg, mäs f{mdeg, mäs skeshblk% “^rdeszgr~äengegs a{krd nkegsg~rgs mhsmgs, hnke~hahcäengegs cge kl skr s{arhke~k‡ sólg s{arhmgs c{deng o{idmgs t{k èl s{ark0 eg keegsg~rgs, ks ke èl ke t{hke kl s{arhmhke~g0 eg ks egsg~rgs, ks ke èl ke t{hke s{arhmgs‡>6” Ks ks~d skeshbhlhndnt{k egs fdck qkr d ld mhed cgmg {ed irde admhlhd, lg t{k fdck t{k egs ke~rhs~kcdmgs c{deng sdbks t{k llgrd klzh~g% Sgbrk ks~k, sgbrk ks~k s{arhmhke~g, lgs zgk~ds ~dmbhèe cde~de, ~dmbhèe nde m{ks~rds%

Kl zh~g nk Lg{rnks, cfglh~d,t{k ~rhs~k ks~ä sgedeng,ski{rg t{k fdbríde m{kr~gmhekrgs ke~rk lds mheds>8%

Ks~k cde~g, nk ~kenkechd mhekrd, nk he~krhgr mhed, fdck t{k kl zdst{kôg sk shke~d heski{rg% Zkrg qk, ks~k~rdbdodngr, ks~k cgmzgsh~gr, t{k mäs dllä nk ld heski{rhndn nk s{ ~rdbdog ld ike~k t{k sk kerht{kck cge s{ ~rdbdogks~ä ski{rg, ke s{ cdsd, cge s{s bhkeks, lkogs nk lds keakrmkndnks%

Sgldmke~k bklldqhs~d,

bhke c{hndnd zgr irheigs,cge ld m{rdlld t{k fde z{ks~g,zhkesde t{h~dregs ld qhnd;:%

Egs~dlihd x ~rhs~kd dl kv~krhgr nk ld mhed

>1 L{hs [rbhed Dckqkng% FDX MH LG[RNKS, 4828>9 L{hs [rbhed Dckqkng% FDX MH LG[RNKS, 4828 >6 O% O% Rg{sskd{, KESDXG SGBRK KL GRHIKE NK LDS LKEI[DS%>8 Qkrshóe nk Dlmd Denhed, LD CDMZDEH^D NKL CKRRG ;: Zdblg Zdldchgs Qkläst{k, SKE^HMHKE^G MHEKRG%



Kl kv~krhgr nk ld mhed ks {e mgeng nkscgegchng zgr lgs Ch{ndndegs nk g~rds rkihgeks% Cgmg ke eheiÿe g~rg,l{idr ld egs~dlihd x ld ~rhs~kd ihrde ke ~greg ld ~hkrrd, t{k sk qd nks~r{xkeng, x ld gblhidchóe nk ~kekr t{krk~hrdrsk nk klld% Zkrg ~dmbhèe kl cgeckz~g zdshgedl sk qk cge a{krd ke ks~d ~kenkechd% Kl dmgr, lds m{okrks, xg~rgs akeómkegs zshcglóihcgs fdcke s{ zrkskechd ke ks~d kvzrkshóe dr~ís~hcd%

1%2%4 lds m{okrks x kl lhcgr ke ld qhnd nkl mhekrg

Cgmg ke ~gnds zdr~ks nkl m{eng lds m{okrks sge md~krhdl nk bkllkd x zgksíd% S{ zrkskechd fdck edckr dl zgk~d,d ld mÿshcd% Zkrg s{ adl~d fdck edckr lgs mäs nksidrrdngrks qkrsgs, ld mäs ~rhs~k zgksíd% Lgs ckrrkôgs fde sdbhng o{idr cge ld egs~dlihd t{k nkod ld ~hkrrd, x o{e~drld cge ld egs~dlihd t{k nkod ld m{okr c{deng sk qd%

Cgrdóe, cgrdóe t{k ~k zdsd z{ks cgrdóe‡ ~gng mdl ~hkek rkmknhg, sglg ld m{kr~k, eg fdx c{deng%T{hèrklg z{ks cgmg mk fds t{krhng‡ c{hndng sí cge keidôdrlg, cgmg d mí mk fds keidôdng;4%

Ld zrki{e~d kmzhkd% Cgrdóe, ksk dzdrd~g cgrzgrdl, dl t{k sk d~rhb{xke lgs ske~hmhke~gs% Xd ke ld ~rdnhchóe o{níd, cgrdóe, sk rkldchgedbd cge lgs nkshiehgs nkl dmgr, x ld qgl{e~dn% “‡X dmdräs d Okfgqä ~{ Nhgs nk ~gng~{ cgrdóe, x nk ~gnd ~{ dlmd, x cge ~gnds ~{s a{krds‡;2”Ks lg t{k rkd {e qkrsíc{lg bíblhcg, x lk nd dl cgrdóe{e qdlgr skmäe~hcg sgbrk zrga{eng% Kl cgrdóe ks n{kôg nk lgs ske~hmhke~gs x nk lgs dmgrks% Ks t{hä zgr ksg ldzrki{e~d nk ks~k f{dxeh~g% T{è ~k zdsd z{ks cgrdóe‡ kl cgrdóe ks kl t{k s{ark dl eg ~kekr dl ldng d ld zkrsgedt{k sk dmd%

Kl dmgr, cgmg nhohmgs líekds drrhbd, z{knk cgeqkr~hregs ke qdlhke~ks, ke fèrgks% X ~dmbhèe egs fdck b{scdr k hrnk~räs nk e{ks~rg dmgr% Ks zgr ksg ld cdechóe?

Äi{hld ekird zrès~dmk ~{s dldszdrd ski{hr d mh zdlgmh~d,klld sk a{k nkodeng s{ ehngshe t{k lk nhkrd eheiÿe mg~hqg;3%

Kl dmde~k, ke ks~d cdechóe, t{hkrk zrks~drsk lds dlds nkl äi{hld, k hr ke b{scd nk s{ dmdnd% Èl eg lk nhg mg~hqgszdrd t{k sk qdxd, zkrg sk a{k% Zkrg, líekds mäs dnklde~k cge~heÿd kl rkld~g%

^gngs mk nhcke nkbg rkscd~drld

nkodeng zrkend qhnd x cgrdóe;>%

G sólg qd d b{scdrld, sheg t{k ks~ä nhsz{ks~g d nkodr s{ qhnd x s{ cgrdóe cgmg zrkend% Zkrg ks~g lg fdck zgrt{keg z{knk qhqhr she klld%

;4 CGRD_ÓE, CGRD_ÓE, qkrshóe nk lgs dmde~ks nkl Ckrrg nk Zdscg%;2 Ld bhblhd, Nk{~krgegmhg? 1 6;3 DI[HLD EKIRD, qkrshóe nk lgs Ínglgs nkl Z{kblg%;> DI[HLD EKIRD, qkrshóe nk lgs Ínglgs nkl Z{kblg%



T{hshkrd mgrhrmk, mgrhrmk ke ~{s brdgs,dsí sk dcdbdrä ks~k s{arhmhke~g;;%

Ks~k s{arhmhke~g nksbgrnd xd d g~rg ks~dng zshcglóihcg, dl ks~dng ke t{k ~gngs lgs fgmbrks cdke% Dl ks~dng nkkmbrhdidrsk zgr {ed m{okr%

Nk cde~heds x cde~heds

ke~rk cgzds x mds cgzdsfk ~rd~dng nk kmbrhdidrmkglqhndr~k zdrd shkmzrk;1%

Nksz{ès nk s{arhr, kl s{arhmhke~g, ld egs~dlihd llkqde dl bdr, llkqd d ld ekckshndn nkl lhcgr% Zgrg m{cfds qkcks zgrks~g sk llkid d skr ~hlndng nk “bgrrdcfh~g”, nk dnhc~g dl dlcgfgl% Zkrg kl mhsmg zkrsgedok nk k~d fhs~grhd rkszgenkd lgs hes{l~gs nkl c{dlks gbok~g%

Bgrrdcfh~g, bgrrdcfh~g0bgrrdcfh~g ~{ mk lldmds,sh bgrrdcfh~g ks mh egmbrk~{ egmds ~hkeks ld c{lzd;9%

Zkrg kl dmgr eg ks k~kreg, sk ~krmhed, cdmbhd% Lds lk~rds nk e{ks~rg f{dxeg ~dmbhèe egs m{ks~rde ksk zrgcksg%

Sí ks chkr~g t{k klld sk fd hng,sí ks chkr~g t{k klld sk fd m{kr~g,mdôded mk qgx dl ckrrgke b{scd nk e{kqgs dmgrks;6%

Kl ckrrkôg eg sk cgeagrmd cge {ed sgld m{okr, cge {e sglg dmgr% B{scd x eg sk fdck zrgblkmds c{deng sk qkrkcfddng% Zkrg m{cfgs, c{deng sk kedmgrde, llkide dl z{e~g nk nkrrdmdr läirhmds zgr ld zkrsged dmdnd%

Llgrd, llgrd cgrdóe,llgrd sh ~hkeks zgr t{è,t{k eg ks nklh~g ke kl fgmbrkllgrdr zgr {ed m{okr;8%

Ld m{okr rkzrkske~d ~gng zdrd kl qdróe% Sk z{knk dmdr nk {ed agrmd he{s{dl%

^k qds zdlgmh~d, fdx ~k qds%Llgrdeng mk nkods, fdx ~k qds%

;; DI[HLD EKIRD, qkrshóe nk lgs Ínglgs nkl Z{kblg%;1 BGRRDCFH^G, qkrshóe nk dlmd denhed%;9 BGRRDCFH^G, qkrshóe nk dlmd denhed%;6 Rklgo nk cdmzded, qkrshóe nk qdrhgs d{~grks% ;8 Rklgo nk cdmzded, qkrshóe nk qdrhgs d{~grks%



zhkl krd idrde~íd nk zkr~kekckr d {ed nk lds cldsks ngmhede~ks% Skr nk nhakrke~k cglgr kt{hqdlíd d nkchr skr nkcldsks nhakrke~ks, ~kekr {e qdlgr nhs~he~g%

Ke mknhg nk ks~k m{eng, nk ks~ds cldsks de~dióehcds, edck kl dmgr nk {e m{cfdcfg, nk {e “Ydmbrd”, t{k egzkr~kekcíd, zgr s{ grhike, d ld cgm{ehndn nk henhgs, nk zrglk~drhgs% X ~gng ks~k dmgr sk egs zrkske~d ke {ec{ke~g c{xg cdräc~kr sgchdl lldmd ld d~kechóe nksnk ld zrhmkrd líekd% “Ydmbrd @{xdx” 9:, t{k zgr krrgrks nkhmzrke~d sk lldmó “Ydrmd @{xdx” dzdrkck ke kl lhbrg94 t{k hehchdlmke~k hecl{xó ~rks c{ke~gs nk Dri{knds

“Di{d”, “Lgs Kscglkrgs” x “Ydrmd @{xdx”0 x t{k cge kl zdsdr nkl ~hkmzg sk dirkidrge dli{egs c{ke~gs mäs%

Kl c{ke~g ke mkechóe ks {ed nk lds fhs~grhds nk dmgr mäs bkllds nk ld lh~krd~{rd zkr{ded% S{ cdräc~kr sgchdl xzshcglóihcg lldmd ld d~kechóe, x ks kl mg~hqg nk ks~k ks~{nhg%

2% [ed mhrdnd räzhnd nkl c{ke~g?

Kreks~g, {e ehôg bldecg kecdrhôdng cge lgs henhgs, sk kedmgrd nk O{s~hed% O{s~hed, {ed henhd nk adcchgeksbldecds x aheds, nhakrke~k d lds g~rds henhds, dmd dl @{~{, {e henhg a{kr~k zkrg t{k sk he~hmhnd de~k lgs nkmäsfgmbrk x lk “~hkmbld” d nge Arghläe% O{s~hed ks db{sdnd skv{dlmke~k zgr Nge Arghläe, x ks~g ks mg~hq g zdrd t{kKreks~g hech~k dl `{~{ zdrd t{k sk qkeidrd, zkrg ès~k eg t{hkrk fdckrlg zgr ~hkek zked nk s{s fhoh~gs% Ld ÿehcdmdekrd t{k kec{ke~rd kl `{~{ nk qkeidrsk nk lds heo{s~hchds ks iglzkdeng n{rdmke~k nk lgs dehmdlks nk ngeArghläe, d lgs mäs ahegs x ~hkregs, zkesdeng t{k iglzkdeng d lgs dehmdlks sk qkeidbd nkl fdckendng db{shqg%Kreks~g sk cgmzdnkck x llgrd, {ed egcfk ke t{k sk ske~íd c{lzdblk, dbrddng d ld hegcke~k qhc~hmd t{k kl @{~{fdbíd nkodng cdsh m{kr~d% Cge kl ~hkmzg, x zgr ld cgbdrníd nkl `{~{, t{kndrä ke mdegs nk Kreks~g, c{deng skd“dbgid{”, md~dr d nge Arghläe x qkeidr kl fgegr nk ld O{s~hed% Kreks~g lk zhnk dl @{~{ t{k sk qdxd x t{k lk nkokd ld O{s~hed, x lg t{k kl @{~{ dccknk, x sk mdrcfd% Zkrg Kreks~g eg sk crkk ke ld cdzdchndn nk qhqhr cge O{s~hed,z{ks sdbk t{k klld sk mkrkck {e fgmbrk irdenk% Zkrg Kreks~g ks aklh cge sólg mhrdrld x cge sólg ksc{cfdr s{qg%

^gng ks~k c{ke~g, edrrdng ke zrhmkrd zkrsged, zdrkck skr kl rkc{krng, nksnk {e kscrh~grhg, nkl edrrdngr nk {edèzgcd zdsdnd nk s{ qhnd, nk {ed èzgcd aklh% [e rkc{krng t{k, nksnk {ed ch{ndn nk ike~ks t{k eg cgegcíd xike~ks t{k eg t{kríd, dl{mbrdbd s{ qhnd%

Zrgblkmd rdchdl ke Ydmbrd @{xdx?

Lds rdds, nk ld s{zrkmdcíd nk {ed sgbrk g~rd, fdblg ke ~èrmhegs nk gzrksgr x gzrhmhngs, eg ks {e akeómkeged~{rdl cgmg ld rklhihóe fd he~ke~dng kvzlhcdr% Ld qhshóe cósmhcd nk ~gnds lds rklhihgeks s{ihkrk t{k s{ “Nhgs”lgs crkg s{zkrhgrks d lgs nkmäs, x t{k zgr ks~k ske~hng lk d~rhb{íde d s{s, rkxks g zrhechzdlks, {e zdrke~kscg nk

sdeirk cge s{s nhgsks% Zkrg eg sólg lgs rkxks sk ske~íde fhogs nk s{ nhgs, sheg cgmg kvzlhcd @drl Dbrdfdm?“‡Kl fgmbrk fdck rkmge~dr s{ grhike d lgs nhgsks nk s{ crkdchóe‡ kl fgmbrk sk hnke~hahcd cge {e nhgs‡Ès~gs, lgs fgmbrks, d s{ qk, llkide ske~hrsk kllgs mhsmgs ke {ed rkldchóe kszkchdlmke~k he~hmd cge s{ nhgs‡92”Ks~d kvzlhcdchóe s{ihkrd t{k fde shng lgs fgmbrks t{hkeks fde heqke~dng d s{s nhgsks, x kllgs sge lgs t{k sk fded~rhb{hng fhogs nkl skr, t{k kllgs mhsmgs crkdrge, x t{k rkzrkske~d s{ gri{llg rdchdl x edchgedl%

9: Ks~k ~í~{lg dzdrkck ke? Shieg, Lhmd 6 nk egqhkmbrk nk 4833% 94 Di{d, Lhmd 483;92 @drl Dbrdfdm, Ks~{nhgs sgbrk zshcgdeälhshs x zsht{hd~ríd, Knh~grhdl Fgrmè, Drike~hed 4814



Ld Ikgrik~~k t{k cgegcg98

He~rgn{cchóe?

Ikgrik~~k, {ed ehôd, nhkchsèhs dôgs mkegr t{k kl irde zgk~d Cksdr Qdllkog, dl qkrlg zgr zrhmkrd qk t{knózrga{endmke~k kedmgrdnd nk èl, x ksk dmgr, m{x z{rg x sheckrg, lk n{rdríd fds~d kl ÿl~hmg nk s{s nídsc{drke~d x skhs dôgs nksz{ès nk ld m{kr~k nkl zgk~d% Sk nhck t{k dl zrhechzhg a{k {e dmgr nk mhrdnds ~hkreds, she

qg, eh dckrcdmhke~gs% [e dmgr nk ksgs t{k zdrkcke skr zrknks~hedngs%

M{cfds cgsds sk lk fde rkcldmdng d Ikgrik~~k, ke~rk kllds ld ekid~hqd d ld rkzd~rhdchóe nkl c{krzg nk Qdllkog%Zkrg, d zksdr nk ~gng, x cge s{ mdl cdräc~kr, klld a{k ld t{k nkakenhó ld gbrd x ld ahi{rd nk {e Qdllkog t{k ks~dbdcgenkedng, cge s{ zrkmd~{rd m{kr~k, d skr sólg {e irde zgk~d zkr{deg% A{k klld ld t{k i{drng, cgchng d s{zkcfg, lgs zgkmds t{k èl nkoó nkszdrrdmdngs d s{ m{kr~k% X cge ks~g, irdchds d lds z{blhcdchgeks t{k klld fhgzgshblk, Qdllkog ks dfgrd kl irde zgk~d {ehqkrsdl% ^dmbhèe ld t{k nkakenhó d cdzd x kszdnd ld fgerd nkl zgk~d ke{e ~hkmzg ke t{k m{cfgs t{kríde l{crdr fdbldeng mdl nkl zgk~d, g fdchkeng nkcldrdchgeks a{krd nk cge~kv~g%

Fdx ks~{nhgs zrga{engs sgbrk ld qhnd nk ks~d m{okr l{cfdngrd, zgr ksg, ke ks~ds líekds, eg t{krkmgs fdbldrdmzlhdmke~k sgbrk ld ahi{rd nk Ikgrik~~k Mdrhk Zflhzzdr~ ^rdqkrs, sheg, mäs bhke, fdbldr nk klld d ~rdqès nklfkrmgsg zgkmdrhg t{k egs nkoó, x t{k cgmkedrge d edckr ke ld dióehcd cdmd nk {e Qdllkog t{k sk nkszkníd nkks~k cr{kl m{eng%

Nk lgs 416 zgkmds t{k sk hecl{xke ke “Mdst{k nk Cfd{v”, lhbrg dzdrkchng ke 4816 fkmgs kscgihng dli{egszgkmds qh~dlks zdrd {e zkt{kôg deälhshs nk ks~d irde zgk~d x dmde~k nkl zgk~d {ehqkrsdl zkr{deg% Skrä zgr ksgt{k klld, ke {ed gcdshóe nhog? “‡ Nksz{ès fk kscrh~g dli{egs zgkmds, bhke mgnks~gs% ^rkhe~d ks~äe nknhcdngs dQdllkog‡6:”

Sgbrk kl ~í~{lg?

Mdst{k nk cfd{v, lg t{k lh~krdlmke~k nk z{knk ~rdn{chr nkl ardecès cgmg? mäscdrd nk m{kr~k, kechkrrd {eshiehahcdng zrga{eng% Ke ld de~hiükndn kvhs~íd ld crkkechd nk t{k sh sk {sdbd {ed mäscdrd sk zgníd, d ~rdqès nkkllg, gb~kekr lds c{dlhndnks, zgnkrks kszkchdlks x cgegchmhke~gs nk ld zkrsged, dehmdl { gbok~g t{k skrkzrkske~dbd%

Kl {~hlhdr {ed mäscdrd nk m{kr~k z{knk rkldchgedrsk, ke ld cdsg nk Ikgrik~~k, cge ld hnkd nk gb~kekr c{dlhndnksmgr~{grhds x ks~dr ckrcd nk ld m{kr~k, x dsí, cgmg nhck ke {eg nk s{s zgkmds, c{hndr lgs s{kôgs nkl zgk~d,ksc{cfdr s{s zdsgs x ske~hr s{ rgs~rg%

Ld cdbkd dzgxdnd cge~rd ~{ m{kr~k x zgr ~gng kl ~hkmzg t{k adl~d xg ksc{cfdrè ~{ s{kôg,

98 Lkíng kl 2> nk dbrhl ke “cgeakrkechds nk zgk~ds x kscrh~grks” ke kl mdrcg nkl mks nk lds lk~rds ke Ckrrg nk Zdscg 6: Cgmg {ed Ks~kld nk ~{ m{kr~k, Kerht{k Igedlks Bkrmkog%



Kl Bgriks t{k cgegcg

Rdsigs nkl d{~gr84?

^rd~dr nk cgmzrkenkr d {e d{~gr, eg sgldmke~k nk lh~krd~{rd, mäs bhke nk c{dlt{hkr mdehaks~dchóe dr~ís~hcd, kscgmg nkschardr {e mde{scrh~g, kehimds { g~rg gbok~g mhs~krhgsg% Egs fkmgs dcgs~{mbrdng, x crkg zgrfdrdidekríd, d sglg mkechgedr dli{eds cgsds t{k fhg kl d{~gr, zgehkeng akcfds d s{s gbrds% Nhidmgs ke ~dl dôg

fhg ~dl cgsd, x ke kl g~rg, c{dl cgsd% X cgmg nkscrhbhó kl mhsmg d{~gr? “Bhgirdaíds? Sge kl kokrchchg nk ldmhe{chd, {e dbs{rng% Dli{eds cges~de kvcl{shqdmke~k nk cdmbhgs nk ngmhchlhg%82” Zkrg ksds bhgirdaíds egsnkode m{cfgs qdcígs x eg shrqke zdrd cgegckr dl d{~gr% Ke kl zrkske~k ~rdbdog hecl{hrkmgs, dzdr~k nk lgdcgs~{mbrdng, dli{eds ardsks cklkbrks nkl d{~gr, cge kl ahe nk cgegckr s{s zkesdmhke~gs rkszkc~g d dli{edscgsds a{endmke~dlks nk ld qhnd%

Zdr~dmgs cge {ed ardsk, t{k eg sè sh zdrd èl a{k nk lds zrhmkrds, zkrg dlig t{k cge zdldbrds skríd henkscrhz~hblkzkrg t{k egs dx{nd d cgegckr dl d{~gr% “Fk cgmk~hng kl zkgr zkcdng t{k {eg z{knk cgmk~kr% Eg fk shng aklh%”Nkog dl lkc~gr, cgmg nhokrd kl mhsmg Bgriks, t{k sdt{k s{s zrgzhds cgecl{shgeks nk ks~d ardsk% Zkrg s{ ~kmgr,cdsh mgr~dl, d lgs kszkogs egs fdcke cgmzrkenkr {ed ardsk t{k ke zdr~hc{ldr mk lldmg ld d~kechóe? “Fdx t{k~kekr c{hndng dl klkihr d lgs kekmhigs zgrt{k {eg ~krmhed zdrkchèengsk d kllgs%” Kl crkíd, g zgr lg mkegs ks lgt{k xg crkg nksz{ès nk lkkr zdr~k nk s{ gbrd, t{k èl qkíd ke kl kekmhig, t{k zdrd èl krd s{ kszkog, d èl mhsmgZkrg ksk ~kmgr llkid mäs dllä, cgmzdr~íd kl mhsmg mhkng t{k, dôgs d~räs, ~dmbhèe zdnkchó, sh cdbk kl ~èrmheg,Zgk% “Ld zd~krehndn x lgs kszkogs sge dbgmhedblks zgrt{k m{l~hzlhcde kl eÿmkrg nk lgs fgmbrks%”83 Kl ~kmgr dksd m{l~hzlhcdchóe, t{k xd ke ld kndn mknhd a{k bds~de~k nha{enhnd zgr lgs cdbdlhs~ds x mís~hcgs, crkg xg, m{xzkrsgedlmke~k, t{k sk nkbíd dl mhkng nk ske~hrsk sglg% Ke zdldbrds nk Qdllkog? “Èl eg kecge~rdbd, ke èl mhsmgd ednhk”8> x ksg, Bgriks, rks{mk s{blímkelk ke {ed ardsk% “Ks~gx sglg x eg fdx ednhk ke kl kszkog%” Eg skkecge~rdbd cge èl, eg qkíd ke kl kszkog d èl% ^dl qk zgr ksg fdxd crkdng {eg nk s{s mkogrks zgkmds? “Bgriks xxg” ngenk egs rkqkld t{k eg sge {ed sgld zkrsged, sheg t{k sge nhakrke~ks, t{k eg ~hkeke ednd ke cgmÿe x t{k

eg sk cgegcke% “‡Nk Bgriks ~keig eg~hchds zgr kl cgrrkg x qkg s{ egmbrk ke {e ~kred nk zrgaksgrks g ke {enhcchgedrhg bhblhgiräahcg‡” “%%%Skríd kvdikrdng dahrmdr t{k e{ks~rd rkldchóe ks fgs~hl‡” “Zgr lg nkmäs xgks~gx nks~hedng d mgrhr, sólg zgnrè qhqhr ke {egs rdsigs nk èl‡” 8;x dsí ke ~gng kl zgkmd dahrmd {ed rkldchóenk ngs zkrsgeds, nk zkrsgeds nhakrke~ks%

Zkrg fdblkmgs, ke s{s zdldbrds, sgbrk s{s qhchgs% “Xg eg bkbg, eg a{mg, eg ksc{cfg ld rdnhg, eg mk nrgig,cgmg zgcg% Xg nhríd t{k mhs ÿehcgs qhchgs sge Kl T{hog~k, Ld nhqhed cgmknhd x eg hec{rrhr ke ld lkc~{rd nk Kerht{k Ldrrk~d eh nk Bkedqke~k%” Qhchgs dirdndblks x t{k egs rkidldrge irdenks ks~{nhgs, zkrg qhchgs t{k,cgmg xd sk nhog, líekds drrhbd, eg lk fhchkrge aklh% Ksk qhchg, ksk dmgr d lds bhblhg~kcds, sk rkalkode ke mäsardsks? “Shkmzrk hmdiheè t{k kl Zdrdísg skríd dliÿe ~hzg nk bhblhg~kcd%” 81Crkxó kecge~rdr {e m{eng, {e

zdrdísg ke ksk mge~óe nk lhbrgs% Sk ske~íd mäs aklh, mäs cgmzlk~g, lkxkeng t{k kscrhbhkeng, x ke {eds zdldbrdsrks{mk ~gng ks~g? “T{k g~rgs sk odc~ke nk lds zäiheds t{k fde kscrh~g0 d mí mk kegri{llkcke lds t{k fk lkíng%”X fds~d sk crkk {e crí~hcg zgr ksg grnkedr s{ bhblhg~kcd? “Grnkedr bhblhg~kcds ks kokrckr nk {e mgng shlkechgsg

84 Cgmhkeg dt{í rkld~deng mhs skesdchgeks cge Bgriks% M{cfgs crí~hcgs zgnräe eg ks~dr nk dc{krng cge ks~k ~kv~g ndng d t{è ~gng ks~g eg ks mäst{k {ed he~krzrk~dchóe ske~hmke~dl nk mh kvzkrhkechd cge ld gbrd nk Bgriks, nk ld t{k z{kng sdcdr dli{eds cgecl{shgeks sgbrk s{ zkrsgedlhndn%82 ^gnds lds ardsks {sdnds ke ks~d cges~r{cchóe bhgiräahcd a{krge {sdnds nk yyy%zrgqkrqhd%ek~% D eg skr t{k sk henht{k lg cge~rdrhg%83 Nk ^lñe, [tbdr x Grbhs ^kr~h{s%8> Cksdr Qdllkog% Gbrd zgè~hcd cgmzlk~d% Mgscd d{l% lhmd 489>8; Nk Bgriks x xg81 Nk ld Bhblhg~kcd nk Bdbkl



kl dr~k nk ld crí~hcd%” X ~krmheg ks~k z{e~g cge ks~g, t{k xd kl lkc~gr nhsar{~drä cgmg xg lg nhsar{~k% “Ld Bhblhg~kcd ks {ed ksakrd c{xg cke~rg cdbdl ks c{dlt{hkr fkväigeg, c{xd chrc{eakrkechd ks hedcckshblk%” 89

Lg t{k egs lldmó ld d~kechóe, x crkg t{k ~dmbhèe d ~gngs lgs t{k ~{qhkrge ke~rk lds mdegs dliÿe kscrh~g nkBgriks a{k s{ mdks~ríd dl mgmke~g nk kscgikr lds zdldbrds% S{ ahe{rd, s{ cdbdlhndn dr~ís~hcd% Zkrg dl zdrkckcge~rdnkchr d s{s lkc~grks, cge lds nkahehchgeks t{k ~hkek sgbrk s{ zrgzhd lh~krd~{rd% Dl nkchr? “ Nhcke t{k sgx {eirde kscrh~gr% Dirdnkcg ksd c{rhgsd gzhehóe, zkrg eg ld cgmzdr~g% Kl níd nk mdôded, dli{egs lÿchngs lds

rka{~dräe aächlmke~k x mk ~hlndräe nk hmzgs~gr g cfdz{ckrg g nk dmbds cgsds d ld qk%” 86 [ed gzhehóe dsí, nks{s zrgzhds gbrds, nkod d lgs lkc~grks ks~{zkadc~gs% Ke rkdlhndn eg kecge~rè lds he~kechgeks t{k lg mg~hqdrge dkscrhbhr ksg, zkrg lldmde ld d~kechóe d {ed f{mhlndn, g ~dl qk gri{llg, heaheh~g% Zkrg, lg nhig ke mh hiegrdechdt{hä cge ~gnds s{s gbrds eg fd t{krhng agrdr {ed rkqgl{chóe% “Eg sè fds~d t{è z{e~g {e kscrh~gr z{knk skrrkqgl{chgedrhg% Zgr lg zrge~g, ks~ä ~rdbdodeng cge kl hnhgmd, t{k ks {ed ~rdnhchóe%”

Zdrd ahedlhdr, s{ kszkrd t{k e{ecd sk nhg? “Xg shkmzrk skrè kl a{~{rg Eóbkl% Nkbk skr {ed ~rdnhchóekscdenhedqd%”

^lñe, [tbdr, Grbhs ^kr~{hs88

?

Ld mkechóe nk {ed ardsk? “Ld zd~krehndn x lgs kszkogs sge dbgmhedblks zgrt{k m{l~hzlhcde kl eÿmkrg nk lgsfgmbrks%” Llkqd d ngs dmhigs d heqks~hidr s{ grhike% Cges{l~d ld Kechclgzknhd brh~äehcd ~gmg V x egkec{ke~rde eheiÿe rdsig eh mkechóe sgbrk ld ardsk eh sgbrk t{hke ld nhog% Cdesdngs nk b{scdr, Bgx Cäckrks skcgmzrgmk~k ke ~rdkr ld qkrshóe nk ld kechclgzknhd ngenk fdbíd kecge~rdng nhcfd ardsk% Dl zdsdr {ed skmdedBgx Cäckrks llkid ~rdxkeng ld qkrshóe t{k èl ~keíd nk ld kechclgzknhd brh~äehcd x nksc{brke t{k, ksd qkrshóe,~hkek > zäiheds nk mäs%

Kl edrrdngr, t{k fdck lds qkcks nk zkrsgedok zrhechzdl, lk ~keíd chkr~d rkz{lshóe d lgs kszkogs dl hi{dl t{k Zgk%

Rkcgegcke ke ld lkc~{rd 3 nk lgs 4> z{e~gs ikgiräahcgs mkechgedngs x {e sglg egmbrk zkrsgedl%Dl ke~rdr ke ld lkc~{rd, nksc{brke t{k dli{egs nk s{s fkcfgs fhs~órhcgs x s{ lh~krd~{rd sge, nk fkcfg, nk íenglkade~äs~hcd% Fdblde nk ngs rkihgeks? Mlkoeds x^lñe% Nk lds c{d~rg bhblhgirdaíds mkechgednds sglg kecge~rdrge {elhbrg ke ld bhblhg~kcd edchgedl x sglg rkakrkechds nk {e ski{eng lhbrg%

Kl edrrdngr cgmhked d cge~dr ld fhs~grhd nk Fkrbkr~ Dsfk, edrrd ld mhs~dn t{k fdbíd ke~rk èl x s{ kl zdnrk nkledrrdngr% Dsfk krd heikehkrg nk lgs akrrgcdrrhlks nkl s{r x s{s cgeqkrsdchgeks sk ~rddbde nksnk ld e{mkrdchóeskvdigedl x n{gnkchmdl% Ke 4839, Dsfk, m{krk nk {e dek{rhsmd ckrkbrdl, zkrg nkod ke {e bdr, {egs c{dnkregst{k ke~rk idrdbd~gs ~keíde rkakrkechds eg sólg sgbrk ^lñe x ks~g lk fdck llkidr fds~d ld Zrhmkrd Kechclgzknhd nk^lñe ~gmg VH% Ld dedlhdr nhcfd kechclgzknhd cge dli{egs dmhigs llkid d ld cgecl{shóe nk t{k eg z{nk skr gbrd

nk {e sglg kscrh~gr, sheg nk m{cfgs fgmbrks x ke nhakrke~ks ikekrdchgeks%

Ke lds zdiheds shi{hke~ks sk nkscrhbk ~gng sgbrk ^lñe? s{ ikgirdaíd, s{ ahlgsgaíd s{s fdbh~de~ks x fds~d s{sdehmdlks% Zrg ~gnd ks~d fhs~grhd cgmhked d ahedlks nkl shilg VQHH ke Lgenrks% X dzdrkck ~dmbhèe ke {edde~glgiíd nk lh~krd~{rd ade~äs~hcd z{blhcdnd ke 48>6%

89 Nk ld bhblhg~kcd nk Bdbkl% 86 ^hkmzg nk Drike~hed% Ogrik L% Bgriks x Gsqdlng Akrrdrh% B{kegs Dhrks 486>%88 ^gngs lgs dri{mke~gs ks~äe bdsdngs ke kl lhbrg? Ogrik L% Bgriks% Ahcchgeks 48>8



d% Zrhmkrd zkrsged? cgmg sdbkmgs ld zrhmkrd zkrsged ks {e mgeglgig g nhsc{rsg zkrsged, t{k z{knk skrhe~kreg g kv~kreg% Kecge~rdmgs ks~g ke kl c{ke~g “kl nhscg”? “Sgx lkôdngr% Egmbrk eg hmzgr~d% Ldcfgd ke ld t{k edcí x ke ld t{k zrge~g fdbrè nk mgrhr t{knd dl bgrnk nkl bgst{k‡”4:: qkmgs t{kkmzhkd {ed edrrdchóe d {e gxke~k nkscgegchng%Ks~g ~dmbhèe sk rkzh~k ke lds R{heds chrc{ldrks zkrg cgmg {e nhdlgig mäs% Kl edrrdngr sk fdbld d símhsmg? “‡Eg% Dsí eg ks ld mdekrd nk cgmkedr mh edrrdchóe‡4:4”, Ks~g lg nhck nksz{ès nk {e adllhnghe~ke~g nk cgmkedr s{ fhs~grhd% Zkrg nksz{ès zdsd d {e edrrdngr kv~kreg, cge {e gxke~k ~dmbhèe

nkscgegchng? “‡lk dski{rk t{k eg ~keíd ednd nk t{k rkzrgcfdsk, x lk zrki{e~k sh ks~dbd nk zdsg zgrks~ds ~hkrrds‡4:2” Sk z{kng gbskrqdr t{k ke ks~k c{ke~g ks~äe lds ngs agrmds bäshcds nkl mgeglgigHe~kreg x kv~kreg% Zkrg ld rkldchóe cge {e gxke~k nkscgegchng lk fdck zdrkckr mäs he~hmds% Kl lkc~gr skcgeqhkr~k, dl dbrhr lds fgods, ke {e gxke~k cdsh zrkskechdl nk lgs s{cksgs edrrdngr zgr kl kscrh~gr% Xirdchds d ksg, kl edrrdngr, z{knk nkchr dl ahedlhdr ld edrrdchóe nk “kl lhbrg nk drked”, t{k ks cdsh {edcgeakshóe? “‡shke~g {e zgcg nk dlhqhg, zkrg eg t{hkrg eh zdsdr zgr ld cdllk Mèvhcg4:3”% ^dmbhèe nkbkmgs nk~kekregs ke dli{egs hes~de~ks nkl c{ke~g “ld lg~kríd nk bdbkl” t{k ks {ed edrrdchóe~dmbhèe ke zrhmkrd zkrsged, zkrg mkegs he~hmd t{k kl rks~g nk lds nkmäs% Zgnkmgs hen{chr t{k klgxke~k ks {eg nk lgs t{k nkszhnke kl bdrcg nóenk èl ~hkek t{k zdr~hr% Ks~g fdck, ~dl qk she t{krkr, t{k skrgmzd ld mdihd cgmkednd ke lgs c{ke~gs de~krhgrks x t{k kl lkc~gr zhkrnd chkr~g zrg~digehsmg ke ldfhs~grhd%

b% Ld ~krckrd zkrsged edrrd~hqd sk nksc{brk aächlmke~k dl hehchdr kl c{ke~g “lds r{heds chrc{ldrks% “‡ Ednhklg qhg nkskmbdrcdr ke ld {eäehmk egcfk, ednhk qhg ld cdegd nk bdmbÿ s{mhèengsk ke k adeig sdirdng, zkrg d lgs zgcgs níds ednhk hiegrdbd t{k kl fgmbrk ~dch~{reg qkeíd nkl S{r‡4:>”Cdbk rkcgrndr t{k ès~k ks {eg nk lgs zgcgs c{ke~gs t{k Bgriks kscrhbk ke ~krckrd zkrsged, ndng d t{k ldmdxgríd nk kllgs sge ke zrhmkrd zkrsged%

c% Cdbríd skôdldr t{k dli{egs c{ke~gs cgmg, ^lñe, [tbdr x Grbhs ^kr~h{s, o{kide ke~rk qdrhgs edrrdngrks,dl zrhechzhg nkl c{ke~g qkmgs kl shi{hke~k mgeólgig? “‡Nkbg d ld cgeo{echóe nk {e kszkog x nk {edkechclgzknhd kl nksc{brhmhke~g nk [tbdr% Kl kszkog het{hk~dbd kl ageng nk {e cgrrkngr ke {ed

t{he~d nk ld cdllk Idged‡4:;

” zkrg líekds mäs dnklde~k ks~g sk ~rdesagrmd ke {e nhsc{rsg ke ~krckrdzkrsged% “‡Dliÿe rkc{krng lhmh~dng x mkei{de~k nk Fkrbkr~ Dsfk, heikehkrg nk lgs akrrgcdrrhlks nkS{r, zkrshs~k ke kl fg~kl nk Dnrgi{è, ke~rk lds ka{shqds mdnrksklqds x ke kl ageng hl{sgrhg nk lgskszkogs% Ke qhnd zdnkchó nk hrrkdlhndn, cgmg ~de~gs heilksks0 m{kr~g, eg ks sht{hkrd k ade~dsmd t{k xd krd ke~gecks‡4:1 ” ke ks~k o{kig nk zkrsgeds sk nksdrrglld kl c{ke~g%

Zkrg d ks~g nkbkmgs dôdnhr t{k sge edrrdngrks d{~gnhkiè~hcgs x ke dli{egs cdsgs fgmgnhkiè~hcg% Ld ~kgríd egsnhck? “‡Kl edrrdngr z{knk skr fk~krgnhkiè~hcg &c{deng ks~ä d{ske~k nk s{ zrgzhg rkl d~g(, "fgmgnhkiè~hcg"&nke~rg nk s{ rkld~g, cgmg ke lgs rkld~gs fkcfgs ke zrhmkrd zkrsged( g "d{~gnhkiè~hcg" &c{deng eg sólg skfdlld nke~rg nkl rkld~g sheg t{k ks zkrsgedok zrhechzdl(‡ 4:9 ” Kl edrrdngr, ke lgs c{ke~gs nk Bgriks, ks d ld qk,

ke dli{egs cdsgs cgmg ke “kl nhscg” x “ld bhblhg~kcd nk bdbkl”, kl zkrsgedok zrhechzdl% Zkrg ke ld “lg~kríd nk bdbhlgehd” kl edrrdngr sólg ks~ä nke~rg nk ld fhs~grhd zkrg she skr kl zkrsgedok zrhechzdl%

4:: Ogrik L% Bgriks% Ahcchgeks, d zdr~hr nk dfgrd sk cgegckrä cgmg gbrd ch~dnd%4:4 Gbrd ch~dnd%4:2 Gbrd ch~dnd4:3 Gbrd ch~dnd 4:> Gbrd ch~dnd4:; Gbrd ch~dnd4:1 Gbrd ch~dnd4:9 ^krrx Kdilk~ge% [ed he~rgn{cchóe d ld ~kgríd lh~krdrhd% Mèvhcg 4886



Ke kl cdsg nk nk “ld lg~kríd nk bdbhlgehd” ld ahcchóe zdrkck skr mkegr% Sk zgnríd s{zgekr t{k ks ld edrrdchóe nk{ed fhs~grhd c{dlt{hkrd% Zkrg lds ardsks {~hlhdnds x lgs cgegchmhke~gs nk lksd c{l~{rd fdcke fdckr {e c{ke~gsgrzrkenke~k% Zgr lds dcchgeks nkl edrrdngr egs nkq{klqke d ld ~kgríd nk ahcchóe, d{et{k eg nkl ~gng chkr~g%Ke “kl Nhscg” sk rgmzk nk e{kqg ld rkdlhndn% Zdrd m{cfds aíshcds ks hmzgshblk kecge~rdr {e gbok~g nk {e sglgldng% Zkrg dl d~rhb{hrlk ksk gbok~g d ld gbrd nk {e nhgs, lk {ed kszkchk nk mhs~hchsmgs rkdl% Ksk gbok~g eg sglgrgmzkríd cge {ed zrgzhkndn nk ld md~krhd, t{k ks kl kszdchg, sheg mäs bhke, cge ~gng lg t{k sk lk d~rhb{xó d ld

ed~{rdlkd%

Ke “kl lhbrg nk drked” zdrkck t{k egs kecge~rdmgs cge ld a{ke~k nkl cgegchmhke~g f{mdeg, x ks mds cge ldkscrh~{rd% Märt{k x Bgriks cgmzdr~ke {ed hnkd t{k mk zdrkchó cgrrkc~g dl mgmke~g nk lkkr ks~k c{ke~g% [egz{blhcd {e lhbrg zdrd f{hr nk lds cgrrkcchgeks444% Ks zgr ksg t{k d{e edcke fgods nkl zrhechzhg x ahe nkl lhbrg%Lg mhsmg s{cknk ke “ld bhblhg~kcd nk bdbkl” lgs nkl bdbkl ks~dbde gri{llgsgs nk ~kekr ld bhblhg~kcd mäs irdenk,t{k dbdrcdbd ~gng kl cgegchmhke~g f{mdeg x deiklhcdl% Zkrg ksg ~dmbhèe krd {ed ~rdmzd, z{ks qglqíd, d lgs t{kke~rdbde ke klld, ke lgcgs b{scdeng lhbrgs mäs dllä nk lds bdrrds nk cgegchmhke~g%Ke “lds r{heds chrc{ldrks” egs fdcke n{ndr nk e{ks~rd zrgzhd hnke~hndn% Eg sdbkmgs sh sgmgs f{mdegs zrgzhgsg shmzlkmke~k kl s{kôg nk g~rg d t{k ~dmbhèe lg sgôdrge% ^gngs ks~gs c{ke~gs rgmzke kl kst{kmd nk e{ks~rdcdbkd x egs fdcke n{ndr nk lds lkxks ke lds t{k qhqhmgs%

Zkrg eg sólg egs fdcke zkrnkr ld egchóe nk rkdlhndn, sheg ~dmbhèe nk e{ks~rd hnke~hndn% X ks~g eg ks ird~hsDli{egs crí~hcgs nhcke t{k Bgriks eg sdbíd t{hèe krd% Zkrg qglqdmgs d Bgriks? “‡Sgx kl t{k ks ednhk, kl t{keg a{k {ed kszdnd ke ld i{krrd% Sgx kcg, glqhng, ednd‡442” X ks~ds n{nds ks~äe cldrdmke~k zldsmdnds ke lgsc{ke~gs% Ke “^lñe x ke lds r{heds chrc{ldrks” lgs edrrdngrks x zkrsgedoks zrhechzdlks t{knde, dl ahedl nkl c{ke~g,cge m{cfds n{nds nk s{ kvhs~kechd x nk s{ skr%

Zrgcksgs ~ècehcgs?

Kl d{~gr {sd zdrd ld cges~r{cchóe nk lgs c{ke~gs m{cfds zrgzhkndnks x lkxks chke~íahcds% ^gng ks~g, cgmbhedng ds{ mdks~ríd edrrd~hqd fdck t{k kl lkc~gr crkd t{k sge rkdlks lgs c{ke~gs t{k ~hkek dl arke~k% Qkmgs dli{egs cdsgs%

d% “‡Ld kechclgzknhd adldmke~k sk lldmd ^fk Deilg Dmkrhcde Cxclgzdknhd &E{kqd Xgr`, 4849( x ks {edrkhmzrkshóe lh~krdl, zkrg ~dmbhèe mgrgsd, nk ld Kecxclgzdknhd Brh~deehcd nk 48:2‡443” cgmg qkmgske ks~k zärrdag sk ch~de gbrds t{k qkrndnkrdmke~k kvhs~ke, cge nd~gs ~dmbhèe kvhs~ke~ks% Zkrg dfí, kemknhg nk ~de~d cgsd rkdl sk mkcld cge ld ahcchóe cgmg ke kl cdsg nk? “‡^fk Deilg DmkrhcdeCxclgzdknhd ld rkihs~rdbd, ke s{ dr~íc{lg sgbrk [tbdr% Ld t{he~d &t{k fdbídmgs dlt{hldngdm{kbldnd( zgskíd {e kokmzldr nk ksd gbrd% Ke lds ÿl~hmds zäiheds nkl qgl{mke VLQH nhmgs cge {e

dr~íc{lg sgbrk [zsdld0 ke lds zrhmkrds nkl VLQHH, cge {eg sgbrk [rdl-Dl~dhc Ldei{diks, zkrg eh{ed zdldbrd sgbrk [tbdr ‡44>” sk z{knk d gbskrqdr cldrdmke~k {ed mkcld nk lg rkdl cge lg hmdihedrhg%Cdsh she ndregs c{ke~d egs he~rgn{chmgs d {e m{eng hmdihedrhg, zkrg cge bdsks rkdlks%

b% Zkrg eg sólg sge nd~gs nk lhbrgs, g dôgs mkmgrdblks zdrd ld f{mdehndn% Zgnkmgs kecge~rdr ke s{s~kv~gs dli{eds cgs~{mbrks nk èzgcds lkodeds% ^gzóehmgs nk z{kblgs t{k dfgrd sge edchgeks ednde ke~rk

444 Ogrik L{hs Bgriks% Cgmg edck {e ~kv~g% Idbrhkl Idrcíd Märt{k% 42 c{ke~gs zkrkirhegs%442 Ogrik L% Bgriks% Ld rgsd Zrga{end443 Nk ^lñe, [tbdr x Grbhs ~kr~h{s% 44> Nk ^lñe, [tbdr x Grbhs ~kr~h{s%



s{s c{ke~gs% “‡- Ksds zdldbrds cgeqkeíde d s{ qkok% – mh zdnrk shkmzrk mk fdbíd fdbldng nk Sdogehd Dfgrd ld ike~k lk nhck Heild~krrd‡44;” x dsí {ed heahehndn nk zdísks cge s{s egmbrks de~hi{gs%

c% Zkrg eg sólg ksg% Ke {e c{ke~g, eg dedlhdng ke ks~d gzgr~{ehndn, fdx zrgzhkndnks md~kmä~hcds% “‡kmkogr eg ks kl t{k grhihedrhdmke~k hnkó, kl v >0 ks kl nk ed~{rdlkd ade~äs~hcd, kl v 8% G~rgs ks~äedakc~dngs zgr brgmds läei{hnds x zgr zsk{ngzrkchshgeks heÿ~hlks% T{hkeks lgs lkke ke grnkecrgeglóihcg &qkrbhirdchd? v 3, x 4, ( zhkrnke kl sdbgr zkc{lhdr nkl kv~rdôg lhbrg% Ngs rkld~gs -kl v 9,kl v 6- cdrkcke nk qdlgr henhqhn{dl0 ld x{v~dzgshchóe lks zrks~d kahcdchd%%%441 ”

n% Lg t{k ~dmbhèe lldmd ld d~kechóe sge lgs fkcfgs fhs~órhcgs t{k sk edrrde ke kl lhbrg% “‡nd~d nk 41>4 xks gbrd nk Ogfdeeks Qdlke~he{s Denrkî% Kl fkcfg ks shiehahcd~hqg0 {e zdr nk dôgs nksz{ès, nh cgeksk egmbrk ke lds hekszkrdnds zäiheds nk Nk T{heckx &Yrh~heis, nkchmg~krckr qgl{mke( x s{zk t{kkrd kl nk {e ~kólgig dlkmäe t{k d zrhechzhgs nkl shilg VQHH nkscrhbhó ld hmdihedrhd cgm{ehndn nk ld Rgsd-Cr{ -t{k g~rgs l{kig a{endrge, d hmh~dchóe nk lg zrkahi{rdng zgr èl‡449 ” zkrg, cgmg kl lkc~gr skfdbrä ndng c{ke~g, ~gngs lgs nd~gs fhs~órhcgs ks~äe mkcldngs, mdihs~rdlmke~k cge fkcfgs ahc~hchgs%

Ke kl ~kv~g nhaíchlmke~k kecge~rdmgs ahi{rds lh~krdrhds% S{s ardsks cklkbrks sge shkmzrk, g cdsh shkmzrkdahrmdchgeks g lkxks nk ld ed~{rdlks% Sglg kecge~rdrídmgs {e símhl, ke ld bhblhg~kcd nk bdbkl% “Ld bhblhg~kcd ks{ed ksakrd c{xg cke~rg cdbdl ks ke c{dlt{hkr ldng446 ”%

Zkrg sh zgnkmgs kecge~rdr m{cfgs rkardeks, x ardsks nk ld {sded cgmÿe? “‡m{cfg mäs drn{g t{k ~koks {ed sgid nk drked, t{k dmgekndr kl qhke~g she cdrd‡448” G kl ld ardsk? “‡ Kl ddr ks kl grnke nkl m{eng‡42:” Xfds~d ardsks dzgcdlíz~hcds sk kec{ke~rde ke ks~k lhbrg% “‡sh kl kszdchg ks heaheh~g, ks~dmgs ke dliÿe l{idr nklkszdchg‡424”

Lg t{k lldmd ~dmbhèe ld d~kechóe ks ld crkdchóe nk zdräbglds? “‡Kl mdr~ks, V d~rdqhksd {e cdmheg nkshkr~g x zhkrnk e{kqk mgeknds nk cgbrk% Kl o{kqks, X kec{ke~rd ke kl cdmheg c{d~rg mgeknds, dlig fkrr{mbrdnds zgr ld ll{qhd nkl mhèrcglks% Kl qhkreks, _ nksc{brk ~rks mgeknds ke kl cdmheg% Kl qhkreks nk mdôded, V

kec{ke~rd ngs mgeknds ke kl cgrrkngr nk s{ cdsd% Kl fkrkshdrcd t{kríd nkn{chr nk ksd fhs~grhd ld rkdlhndn-hn ks~ ld cge~he{hndn- nk lds e{kqk mgeknds rkc{zkrdnds% Ks dbs{rng &dahrmdbd( hmdihedr t{k c{d~rgnk lds mgeknds eg fde kvhs~hng ke~rk kl mdr~ks x kl o{kqks, ~rks ke~rk kl mdr~ks x ld ~drnk nkl qhkreksngs ke~rk kl mdr~ks x ld mdnr{idnd nkl qhkreks% Ks lóihcg zkesdr t{k fde kvhs~hng -sht{hkrd nk dliÿemgng skcrk~g, nk cgmzrkeshóe qkndnd d lgs fgmbrks- ke ~gngs lgs mgmke~gs nk ksgs ~rks zld gs‡422”

Cgecl{shgeks?

4% Kl ~h~{lg, ahcchgeks, zdrd dli{egs ks kl mkogr ~h~{lg t{k sk lk z{knk ndr d ksk c{ke~g% Zkrg nksnk mh z{e~gnk qhs~d ks bds~de~k gbqhg x kmz{od dl lkc~gr d ks~dr zrkzdrdng x d zrkzdrdr s{ ckrkbrg zdrd rkchbhr lds

ahcchgeks t{k sk qde d ndr% T{hä cge g~rg ~í~{lg ld sgrzrksd, dl lkkr lgs c{ke~gs, f{bhksk shng mäsd~rdxke~k x mäs keidôgsg% M{cfgs nk s{s lkc~grks f{bhkrde crkíng t{k sge chkr~ds ~kshs nk dliÿechke~íahcg t{k nd e{kqds hnkds%

44; Nk Kl Nhscg%441 Nk Kvdmke nk ld gbrd nk Fkrbkr~ T{dhe%449 Nk ^lñe, [tbdr x Grbhs ^kr~h{s%446 Nk ld Bhblhg~kcd nk Bdbkl%448 Nk ld Bhblhg~kcd nk Bdbkl42: Nk ld bhblhg~kcd nk Bdbkl424 Nk Kl lhbrg nk Drked%422 Nk ^lñe, [tbdr x Grbhs ^kr~h{s%



[ed qkrshóe mäs nk lds ~rks qkrshgeks nk o{nds432

Èl fd shng fgmhchnd nksnk kl zrhechzhg, x eg fd zkrmdekchng ke ld qkrndn, zgrt{k eg fdx qkrndn keèl% C{deng fdbld mke~hrd, nk s{xg fdbld0 zgrt{k ksmke~hrgsg, x zdnrk nk mke~hrd%

O{de 6?>; – >1H% He~rgn{cchóe?

Ld fhs~grhd nk ld rknkechóe nkl fgmbrk, fdblg nk ld fhs~grhd crhs~hded, ks ld fhs~grhds mäs fkrmgsd k heszhrdngrdnkl m{eng% S{ a{echóe nke~rg nk ld sgchkndn fd heqgl{crdng d ~gngs lgs z{kblgs nk nhs~he~ds mdekrds, zkrg cgeld mhsmd nkqgchóe% Zkrg zgr skr ld mäs fkrmgsd, heszhrdngrd k hedig~dblk fhs~grhd ks ld mkegs crkíblk%Ld fhs~grhd nk ld rknkechóe heqgl{crd d {e sglg fgmbrk, {e fgmbrk sde~g, {e fgmbrk t{k eg ~keid kl “zkcdnggrhihedl”% [e fgmbrk t{k ~keíd t{k zdidr zgr ~gngs lgs zkcdngs nk ld f{mdehndn {ed sgld qk ke ld fhs~grhd%“Zdidr” ks {e ~èrmheg t{k heqgl{crd ld m{kr~k nkl s{ok~g, x ld f{mhlldchóe zgr ld k~krehndn% Kl zrgak~d Hsdídszrknhck kl nks~heg nkl “sdcrhahcdng” cgmg {eg nk lgs mäs ~krrhblks nk ld f{mdehndn, ke kl lhbrg bíblhcg t{k llkqds{ egmbrk eg nhck? “‡eg fdx zdrkckr ke èl, eh fkrmgs{rd‡ Nkszrkchdng x nkskcfdng ke~rk lgs fgmbrks, qdróenk nglgrks, kvzkrhmke~dng ke t{kbrde~g‡ a{k mkegszrkchdng, x eg lg ks~hmdmgs‡ x egsg~rgs lk ~{qhmgs zgrdg~dng, zgr fkrhng nk Nhgs x dbd~hng‡433” % Nkodmgs ld he~krzrk~dchóe nhqhed zdrd lgs t{k ~keide kl “Nge nkSdbhn{ríd” t{k ~de~g nk zrknhcd ke lds hilkshds, x egs t{kndmgs cge ld he~krzrk~dchóe f{mded t{k, ke e{ks~rdszgshbhlhndnks m{endeds, ks ld ÿehcd t{k zgnkmgs brhendr%

Ke mknhg nk ld fhs~grhd nk ld rknkechóe, cgmg dzgr~deng dlig e{kqg, dzdrkck Ogrik L{hs Bgriks% Cge s{scrgeglgiíds de~hi{ds, cgmbhedeng ~kólgigs heqke~dngs x rkdlks, nd {ed e{kqd he~krzrk~dchóe sgbrk kl mhs~krhg nkld rknkechóe% Nk ks~ds ~rks ~kshs t{k èl zrkske~d, eg lldmd ld d~kechóe d ~krckrd ~kshs% “‡zdrd sdlqdregs, z{ng

klkihr c{dlt{hkrd nk lgs nks~hegs t{k ~rdmde ld zkrzlkod rkn nk ld fhs~grhd0 z{ng skr Dlkodenrg g Zh~äigrds g R{rh` g Oksÿs0 klhihó {e heaheh~g nks~heg? a{k O{nds‡43>”

HH% [ed mhrdnd räzhng nk lds a{ke~ks nk ld ~kgríd nk ld rknkechóe?

Fdckr {e he~krzrk~dchóe nk ld bhblhd, x eg sè cgmg lg fdräe lgs irdenks ~kólgigs, ks m{x cgmzlhcdng zgr eg~kekr lgs kscrh~gs grhihedlks d ld mdeg% Lgs mäs de~hi{gs ~kv~gs, g cgzhds, bíblhcds nd~de nkl shilg HHH, x fde shngkecge~rdngs rkchèe ke kl shilg zdsdng% Zkrg eg ~gngs lgs zdzhrgs x zr{kbds bíblhcds kecge~rdngs zgr ksds akcfdsfde shng ~gmdngs, g cgeshnkrdngs, ke kl mhsmg ehqkl nk “heszhrdchóe nhqhed”%

Lds zrgakcíds nk {e rknke~gr eg sólg sk fde ndng ke ld rklhihóe crhs~hded% Ke ld rklhihóe denhed, zgr ndr {ekokmzlg, Ogsè Mdríd Dri{knds kecge~ró rds~rgs nk {e “Mksíds Denheg”, dt{kl zkrsgedok t{k zgenríd lds cgsdske s{ l{idr x, t{hä kl ~èrmheg sk bds~de~k dmbhchgsg, rknhmhr d lgs z{kblgs denhegs nk ld heqdshóe kszdôgldLgs rknke~grks, g mksíds, dzdrkchkrge shkmzrk, ke cdnd chqhlhdchóe, c{deng ks~d chqhlhdchóe ks~dbd shkengheqdnhng g dlhkedng zgr g~rd% Zkrg ks~gs “rknke~grks” ~keíde ld rkszgesdbhlhndn nk mde~kekr lds cgs~{mbrksrklhihgsds x sgchdlks nk {e z{kblg nk~krmhedng% Ks zgr ksg t{k ~gngs lgs rknke~grks, x ~dmbhèe kl fgmbrk

432 Lkíng ke ld akrhd nk lhbrg nk F{äe{cg ke gc~{brk nkl 2:44%433 Hsdíds ;3? 3 – 1% Qkrshóe Rkhed Qdlkrd 48:8% Sgchkndnks bíblhcds {ehnds% Skrä {sdng shkmzrk ks~d qkrshóe, sh eg sk henhcd lg cge~rdrhg%43> Lds ~rks qkrshgeks nk O{nds, ahcchgeks% Ogrik L{hs Bgriks%



lldmdng Oksÿs, ~keíde {ed gblhidchóe hmzgr~de~íshmd cge ld nhqhehndn, ke m{cfgs nk lgs cdsgs nhgsks lgcdlks, xzgr ksd mhsmd rdóe cge kl z{kblg klkihng zgr ksk nhgs% Zkrg eg t{knd dfí, cdnd z{kblg, dfgrd cdnd rklhihóe,crkk ~kekr ld qkrndn dbsgl{~d x t{k lgs nhgsks sge lg ÿehcg qkrndnkrgs% Ld qhshóe cósmhcd nk ~gnds lds rklhihgekss{ihkrk t{k s{ “Nhgs” lgs crkg s{zkrhgrks d lgs nkmäs, x t{k zgr ks~k ske~hng lk d~rhb{íde d s{s, rkxks gzrhechzdlks, {e zdrke~kscg nk sdeirk cge s{s nhgsks% Zkrg eg sólg lgs rkxks sk ske~íde fhogs nk s{ nhgs, sheg cgmgkvzlhcd @drl Dbrdfdm? “‡Kl fgmbrk fdck rkmge~dr s{ grhike d lgs nhgsks nk s{ crkdchóe‡ kl fgmbrk skhnke~hahcd cge {e nhgs‡ Ès~gs, lgs fgmbrks, d s{ qk, llkide ske~hrsk kllgs mhsmgs ke {ed rkldchóe

kszkchdlmke~k he~hmd cge s{ nhgs‡43;”

HHH% ·O{nds, {ed ~rdhngr7

Eg sè cgegck, zgr lg kvz{ks~g ke ld he~rgn{cchóe, ke rkdlhndn lg t{k zkesdbd ld ike~k, ke lds èzgcds ekg –~ks~dmke~drhds, sgbrk ld dcchóe nk O{nds% Zkrg nk {ed akcfd, t{k ~gndqíd ks nkscgegchnd, dt{í O{nds fd shngcgeshnkrdng cgmg kl mävhmg ~rdhngr nk ld fhs~grhd% Kl fkcfg nk fdbkr ~rdhchgedng dl “rknke~gr” lg fdck kl mäsqhlldeg, x lk nd {e agsg zrhqhlkihdng nke~rg nkl heahkreg nk Nde~k% Gbskrqkmgs ld bhblhd, d{et{k eg skd ~decgeahdblk, zdrd rkcgrndr dlig t{k eg fkmgs t{krhng glqhndr%

Ld zrknks~hedchóe ks {e ~kmd rkc{rrke~k ke ld bhbl hd “‡ke dmgr fdbhèengegs zrknks~hedng zdrd skr dngz~dngsfhogs s{xgs zgr mknhg nk Oks{crhs~g, skiÿe kl z{rg dakc~g nk s{ qgl{e~dn‡ 431”Sh m{cfgs nk lgs sdlqgs sgezrknks~hedngs ke~gecks, ks~g egs dnklde~dr ednd, m{cfgs nk lgs cds~hidngs, g cgenkedngs, ~dmbhèe sgezrknks~hedngs% Ke~gecks, cgmg nhríde m{cfgs fgmbrks t{k fde nhsc{~hng ks~g, lds dcchgeks ke ld qhnd, ks~gxfdbldeng nk lgs zkcdngs, eg heal{xke ke ednd% Lg t{k mäs hmzgr~d ks skr ZRKNKS^HEDNG zdrd skr sdlqg x lgnkmäs eg hmzgr~d% Sè t{k m{cfgs ~kólgigs sdcdrde s{s cgecl{shgeks sgbrk ks~g% O{nds, zdrd t{k sk c{mzlde ldskscrh~{rds, ~keíd t{k skr kl fhog nk ld zkrnhchóe, ks zgr ksg t{k Oksÿs nhck? “‡C{deng ks~dbd cge kllgs ke klm{eng, xg lgs i{drndbd ke ~{ egmbrk0 d lgs t{k mk nhs~k, xg lgs i{drnè, x ehei{eg nk kllgs sk zkrnhó, sheg klfhog nk zkrnhchóe, zdrd t{k ld Kscrh~{rd sk c{mzlhksk‡439”% Ke~gecks, i{häengegs sólg nk ks~gs ngs qkrsíc{lgs

cldqks, zgnkmgs s{zgekr t{k O{nds eg ~keíd klkcchóe% S{ qhnd, m{cfg de~ks t{k edchksk, ks~dbd zrknks~hedndzdrd t{k skd qh~{zkrdnd x f{mhlldnd% ·Cómg ke~gecks sdbkr t{k e{ks~rds qhnds eg ks~äe zrknks~hednds zdrd lgmhsmg7

Eg sólg ks kl cdsg nk O{nds, ks~dmgs fdbldeng nk lgs cdsgs bíblhcgs, sheg t{k ld bhblhd m{ks~rd t{k ~dmbhèenhgs, Okfgqä zdrd lgs fkbrkgs x crhs~hdegs, d{et{k eg skd ld zrge{echdchóe cgrrkc~d, ken{rkchó kl cgrdóe nkladrdóe zdrd t{k èl m{ks~rk s{ zgnkr% X dsí g~rgs kokmzlgs mäs t{k egs fdcke qkr t{k de~k ld qgl{e~dn nk nhgsednd z{knk fdckr kl fgmbrk% Zkrg t{hä ~gng skd {e keidôg, zkrg t{hä nhg cge ~gng ks~g t{hkrk gc{l~dr s{qkrndnkrd agrmd nk “rknhmhr” d lgs fgmbrks%

Ld zrki{e~d t{k nksnk e{ks~rd zgshchóe ldedmgs d lgs “irdenks ~kólgigs” x “irdenks mhehs~rgs rklhihgsgs” ks·Cómg z{knk skr {e ~rdhngr dli{hke t{k fd shng zrknks~hedng zgr nhg zdrd ~rdhchgedr7Egs zdrkck, g eg t{krkmgs gakenkr d ednhk, t{k kl ~rdhngr, sh ks t{k fdx dli{eg, ks kl mhsmg nhgs% Èl fd fkcfgzgr s{ heaheh~d qgl{e~dn, d {e fgmbrk ~rdhngr, x zgr ksd mhsmd rdóe kl mäs gnhdng x mäs qh~{zkrdng zgr lgsfgmbrks nk ~gnds lds ikekrdchgeks%

43; Ks~{nhgs sgbrk zsht{hd~ríd x zshcgdeälhshs, @drl Dbrdfdm% 431 Kakshgs 4?;439 O{de 49?42



SGBRK ZDZDS, RKLHIHÓE X M[CFGS KEIDÔGS

X ld qkrndn gs fdrä lhbrks‡ld bhblhd

Ld hnkd nk {e nhgs s{zrkmg x {e rkzrkske~de~k – QHCDRHG – sgbrk ld ~hkrrd eg ks kvcl{shqhndn nk ld hilkshdcd~ólhcd% Rklhihgeks mäs de~hi{ds ~dmbhèe zrkske~de ks~d hnkd, x rkmge~de kl grhike nk s{s línkrks rklhihgsgs x

zglí~hcgs d nhgsks cge c{dlhndnks skmkode~ks d ks~gs fgmbrks436% Ld rklhihóe irhkid, zgr zgekr dliÿe kokmzlgegs zrkske~d fèrgks cge grhike nhqheg, x cge kl adqgr nk dliÿe nhgs t{k lks zrg~kik x lks qd ~kohkeng {e nks~hegnk ilgrhd% Ks~g lgs cgeqkr~íd ke skmhnhgsks%

Dt{hlks &fhog nk Zklkg, {e rkx xd m{x dechdeg x ^k~hs438, {ed ehead cklks~hdl( ks {e irde kokmzlg nk ks~g% Dsícgmg èl, cdnd fèrgk zrkske~dng ke Ld Gnhskd x Ld Hlídnd, x ke g~rgs lhbrgs ngenk fgmbrks x nhgsks zklkdeldbrdeng kl nks~heg nk ld f{mdehndn, fde fkrkndng qhr~{nks x nkakc~gs nk s{s zdnrks% Lg c{rhgsg nk ~gng ks t{kcdnd fèrgk { fgmbrk eg~dblk ks fhog nk dliÿe nhgs g nhgsd cge {e mgr~dl% Ks~g, zgnkmgs s{zgekr, ~gmdng cgmgkokmzlg zgr ld hilkshd crhs~hded4>:, zdrd ndrlk {ed qdlgrdchóe zgr kechmd nk g~rds x dsí s{zgekr ~kekr lds lldqksnkl chklg% D s{ mävhmg línkr, Oks{crhs~g, lk heqke~drge {e grhike zdrkchng dl nk ~gngs lgs skmhnhgsks irhkigsOksÿs, fhog nk {ed mgr~dl, Mdríd x OFYF4>4 nhgs nkl s{zrkmg nk lgs o{nígs, ks cgeshnkrdng zgr lgs crhs~hdegs,nksz{ès nk shilg HQ, cgmg kl fhog nk nhgs x nksnk kl shilg QH ks cgeshnkrdng nhgs mhsmg x {ed zdr~k nk ld~rhehndn, dnkmäs nk skr cgeshnkrdng zrgak~d, lhbkr~dngr, cgrnkrg t{k t{h~d kl zkcdng nkl m{eng, zde nk qhnd, fhognkl fgmbrk, k~c% skiÿe ld bhblhd%4>2

Ld hilkshd cd~ólhcd, dnkmäs nk dckz~dr ld zkrsged Crhs~g cgmg rkzrkske~de~k, zgr {e ~hkmzg lhmh~dng x mhke~rdsks~{qg ke ld ~hkrrd, dckz~d ~dmbhèe ld s{ckshóe zdzdl% Zdrd ks~g sk fd heqke~dng, zgrt{k eg fdx zr{kbds bíblhcdseh fhs~órhcds cge~{enke~ks, {ed s{ckshóe t{k qd nksnk Zknrg, de~ks cgegchng cgmg Ckads, fds~d kl ZdzdBkeknhc~g VQH%

C{deng sk fdck {e deälhshs nk Rgmd, ksd Rgmd ke ld t{k m{rhó Zknrg cr{chahcdng bgcd dbdog, zdrkck nhaíchlcrkkr ld heqkechóe cd~ólhcd sgbrk ld zrhmdcíd nk lgs crhs~hdegs nk Rgmd sgbrk lds nkmäs cgeirkidchgekscrhs~hdeds% Nkbkmgs rkcgrndr t{k Zknrg eg a{k d skr cgrgedng ke Rgmd, eh m{cfg mkegs d rkchbhr kl ~h~{lg nks{mg zge~íahck, sheg t{k ke ksd ch{ndn a{k cgenkedng d m{kr~k dc{sdng nk fkrkoíd cge~rd lgs nhgsks t{kdngrdbde ld mdxgríd nk lgs rgmdegs% Ld cgeirkidchóe nk Rgmd, skiÿe lgs fhs~grhdngrks bíblhcgs, krd {erkn{chng eÿmkrg nk crkxke~ks zdrd kl dôg 1: n% c%, èzgcd dzrgvhmdnd nk ld m{kr~k nk Zknrg% M{cfgs dôgsnksz{ès kecge~rdmgs d {e Zdblg, fgmbrk t{k kecge~ró d Crhs~g ke kl cdmheg d Ndmdscg, cgmzdrkchkeng de~k{e ~rhb{edl rgmdeg x cge ld cdbkd xd cdsh ke ld cdbkd nkl lkóe% Lgs cdrigs krde lgs mhsmgs t{k s{ de~kcksgr xfkrmdeg nk cd{sd? zrknhcdr d Oks{crhs~g x nkodr nk dngrdr ke lgs dl~drks nk lgs nhgsks lgcdlks% Ke~gecks eg sk

z{knk nkchr, t{k rgmd a{k kl zrhmkr kzhcke~rg crhs~hdeg, eh m{cfg mkegs ke ngenk kmzhkd ld s{ckshóe nkqhcdrhgs nk Crhs~g ke ld ~hkrrd%

436 @drl Dbrdfdm kvzlhcd ks~g ke kesdxgs sgbrk zshcgdeälhshs x zsht{hd~ríd%438 Lgs egmbrks ~rdn{chngs nkl irhkig z{knke qdrhdr nk dc{krng d ld ~rdn{cchóe%4>: Dl nkchr crhs~hdeds eg sólg egs rkakrhmgs d ld Hilkshd cd~ólhcd, sheg d ~gnds lds hilkshds x skc~ds t{k ~hkeke d Oks{crhs~g cgmg mävhmg rkzrkske~de~k,g cgmg zrgak~d mdxgr%4>4 Dli{egs fde ~rdn{chng kl ~k~rdirdmd~óe cgmg Okfgqdf4>2 Rkakrkechds sgbrk ks~g sk z{knke kecge~rdr ke? 4 ^hmg~kg 2?;, Md~kg >?6, O{de 1?3;, L{cds 24?29, k~c%



Kl Zdzd ks nkshiedng eg zgr nhgs mknhde~k zrgakcíd { g~rg mknhg% Sheg zgr kl cglkihg cdrnkedlhchg% Skiÿe ldsegrmds c{dlt{hkr zkrsged t{k zrgaksd nhcfd rklhihóe z{knk skr klkihnd, dsí eg ~keid kl irdng nk gbhszg, d{et{kshkmzrk fde shng mhkmbrgs hmzgr~de~ks nk cglkihg cdrnkedlhchg, g zkrsgeds qhec{ldnds dl zgnkr, lds klkihndsM{cfds nk kllds cge he~krksks kcgeómhcgs x sgchdlks% Dnkmäs nk ks~g, zdrd kl e{kqg zdzd sk ogrid {e dehllg &kldehllg nkl zkscdngr( nk grg z{rg% T{hä fdide ks~g rkcgrndeng dl a{endngr nk ks~d rklhihóe, Oks{crhs~g, t{k ~{qgt{k zrks~drsk {ed mgeknd zdrd {eg nk s{s skrmgeks% Xd ke ld kndn mknhd ks~k cdrig ks~dbd rkldchgedng dm{cfgs cdsgs nk cgrr{zchóe% Eg glqhnkmgs t{k d{et{k ld sde~d hilkshd cd~ólhcd rgmded sk fd mdehaks~dng sgbrk

ld m{kr~k nk O{de Zdblg H, kl zdzd nk ld brkqk sgerhsd, cgmg m{kr~k ed~{rdl lds sgszkcfds sgbrk dlig mäsgridehdng ke ld t{k m{cfgs mhkmbrgs cgrr{z~gs nkl cglkihg cdrnkedlhchg fde ~kehng m{cfg t{k qkr, ke~rkkllgs O{de Zdblg HH, kl zdzd qhdokrg% Lds rkagrmds t{k zrgzgeíd O{de Zdblg H krde lds nk heqks~hidr kl {sg nklnhekrg x lds rht{kds ke ld “sde~d sknk”, ks~g, s{zgeig xg, z{sg ke qhlg d m{cfgs “sde~gs fhog nk nhgs” t{kfdbíde ~kehng ids~gs kv~rds x llkedng s{ c{ke~d bdecdrhd% Dnkmäs nk ks~g, lds g~rds rkagrmds krde ld nk gbskrqdrkl dbgr~g, klhmhedr ld hekadbhlhndn nkl zdzd x nkszgodr nk lgs l{ogs x db{endechd kcgeómhcd d lgs shkrqgs nk nhgst{k gc{zde dl~gs cdrigs nke~rg nk ld hilkshd% Dl zdrkckr ~gng ks~g eg lks i{s~g d m{cfgs x kmzkdrge lgszrgblkmds%

Lgs cdsgs nk zkngahlhd x qhgldchgeks fde ks~dng shkmzrk zrkske~ks nke~rg nk ld gridehdchóe rklhihgsd% Ldsnkcldrdchgeks nkl dc~{dl zdzd, Bkeknhc~g VQH, nhchkeng t{k ke s{ ~hkmzg lds qhgldchgeks nk ehôgs zgr zdr~k lgc{rds x g~rds zkrsgeds krde egrmdlks, x ke ld dc~{dlhndn nkbk ski{hr zksdeng hi{dl sgbrk ksg, nd m{cfg t{kzkesdr sgbrk ld mgrdl nk {e dl~g rkzrkske~de~k kclkshäs~hcg% Ke Mèvhcg, zgr kokmzlg, m{cfgs nk ks~gs cdsgs fdet{kndng hmz{eks% Skrä zgr ksg t{k kl Mèvhcg t{k kecge~ró O{de Zdblg HH, d mknhdngs nk lgs 6:¾s, eg ks klmhsmg, ke ske~hng rklhihgsg, dl t{k zhsó Bkeknhc~g VQH%

Crkkmgs t{k cdnd rklhihóe ks {e cdmheg nk sdlqdchóe t{k klhik cdnd zkrsged ke ksd lhbkr~dn nk zkesdmhke~g t{kfkmgs dlcdedng cge kl nkrrdmdmhke~g nk m{cfd sdeirk% Zkrg ~dmzgcg zgnkmgs skr chkigs de~k ld rkdlhndn% Kes{ nhsc{rsg nk dckz~dchóe nkl Egbkl Fdrgl Zrhe~kr egs nhck t{k sólg ke ld lh~krd~{rd ld qkrndn z{knk skr mke~hrd,

x t{k ld mke~hrd nksnk g~rgs gogs z{knk skr qkrndn% Zkrg t{k ke ld qhnd eg% Ks~g ~hkek ske~hng cge m{cfdsrklhihgeks% M{cfds nk lds zrènhcds, cge ks~g nk ld cgrrhke~k nk zrgszkrhndn, dfgrd eg ks~äe keagcdnds dfgrd ke ldsdehndn nkl dlmd x ke ld kszkrded ~rds ld m{kr~k, sheg ke ld zrgszkrhndn t{k sk lgird d ~rdqès nk garkends, t{keg fdcke g~rd cgsd t{k kerht{kckr ld c{ke~d bdecdrhd nkl zrknhcdngr% Zgr dfí dzdrkchó {e “dzós~gl” t{k dlzdrkckr eg lkxó ld bhblhd x zgr ksg nhog t{k sh Oksÿs f{bhkrd ks~dng ke qhnd ke ld dc~{dlhndn eg fdríd g~rd cgsdt{k dendr ke lgs mkogrks cdrrgs nk dôg x cgmkr ke lgs mkogrks rks~d{rde~s nkl m{eng, t{k ~kenríd {ed c{ke~dbdecdrhd ~de irdenk t{k skríd kl fgmbrk mäs zgnkrgsg x rhcg nkl m{eng% Ks~g zdrkck cge~rdnkchr {ed nk ldszrènhcds nkl Fhog nkl Fgmbrk ke ld t{k nhog t{k èl eg ~keíd eh ngenk rkcgs~dr ld cdbkd4>3, x cge lg t{k èl egsnhog sgbrk fdckr ~ksgrgs ke kl chklg de~ks t{k ke ld ~hkrrd4>>%

G~rd cgsd t{k mk fd lldmdng ld d~kechóe ks ld e{kqd zrènhcd nk {ed rklhihóe edchnd ke Egr~kdmèrhcd% Ldlkxkend sgbrk s{ grhike ld rkmge~de d ld dzdrhchóe nk dli{egs “äeiklks” cge agrmd nk dzós~glks nk Oks{crhs~g, xke ks~d lk kecdride skr kl e{kqg zrgak~d x rks~d{rdr ld hilkshd% ^hkeke cgmg lhbrg sdirdng {e ~kv~g ke kl c{dlzrkske~de d {e Oks{crhs~g zrknhcdeng d lgs fdbh~de~ks nk Egr~kdmèrhcd níds, g mksks, nksz{ès nk s{ rks{rrkcchóex eg sólg ksg, sheg bd{~hdeng d lgs e{kqgs crkxke~ks% Kl fkcfg nk t{k {e fgmbrk ~de heal{xke~k cgmgOks{crhs~g f{bhkrd zrknhcdng x m{cfgs dckz~dng s{ zrgz{ks~d rklhihgsd f{bhkrde fkcfg nk Egr~kdmèrhcd {ez{kblg crhs~hdeg m{cfg de~ks nk ld llkidnd nk lgs cget{hs~dngrks heilksks, lgs c{dlks ~{qhkrge t{k l{cfdr cge lgs

4>3 Md~kg 6?2:4>> Md~kg 1?2:



fhs~grhdngrks, zdrd m{l~hzlhcdr x adchlh~dr kl eÿmkrg nk dnkz~gs d ld e{kqd rklhihóe dckz~dnd x rkszdlndnd zgr klHmzkrhg rgmdeg% Cdnd cgechlhg rkdlhdng zgr lgs línkrks crhs~hdegs ~rdog cgeshig e{kqds hnkds “rkqgl{chgedrhds”nke~rg nk ld cgsmgqhshóe, cdnd qk mäs crkchke~k x cgea{sd, nk ld rklhihóe crhs~hded%

Dl llkidr dl Zkrÿ, nksz{ès nk cdsh 42:: dôgs nk shecrk~hsmgs, kecge~rdrge {ed rklhihóe xd cges~h~{hnd, cgenkhndnks hmz{ks~ds zgr lgs hecds x nkhndnks lgcdlks t{k krde ar{~g nk ld rkldchóe ke~rk ld ~hkrrd x lgs fgmbrks%“‡Nksnk s{ llkidnd d Dmèrhcd, ld rklhihóe crhs~hded a{k hmzhdngsd d ld fgrd nk nkszlddr d s{ de~kcksgrd denhed

x nk gc{zdr s{ l{idr sgchdl cgmg rklhihóe nkl Ks~dng‡”4;2% Zkrg ks~g eg zgníd skr aächlmke~k rkdlhdng zgr ldkqdeiklhdchóe nksdrrglldnd ke ksk mgmke~g% Ld cgsmgqhshóe denhed nhakríd m{cfg nk ld cgsmgqhshóegcchnke~dl% Dsí t{k, cgmg xd krd cgs~{mbrk ke ld rklhihóe crhs~hded, cgmkedrge d rkskmde~hdr ld cgsmgqhshóedenhed näenglk {egs ~gt{ks crhs~hdegs nk ks~d mdekrd “‡nkbíd dcd~drsk zgr fdbkr s{cknhng d ld rklhihóe nkl Sgl0lgs heníikeds zgníde skr crhs~hdegs she mdxgrks hecgeqkehke~ks ke lg t{k d s{s crkkechds cgrrkszgeníd‡4;3” dcgeqkr~hr dl Sgl ke ld hmdike nk Okfgqä, ld hmdike nk ld zdcfdmdmd ke ld Qhrike Mdríd, x d Oks{crhs~g ke ldhmdike nkl fhog nk lgs ngs, a{k mäs aächl, dl ~kekr ks~k de~kcknke~k, cgeqkr~hr d lgs denhegs d ld e{kqd rklhihóe%Zkrg lgs cgeckz~gs gcchnke~dlks eg shkmzrk a{krge bhke ke~kenhngs zgr ld cgm{ehndn denhed% Kllgs, lgs denhegsd zksdr nk dckz~dr ld e{kqd rklhihóe, md~hdrge, ke s{ cgm{ehndn, ld e{kqd rklhihóe cge ld cgsmgqhshóe t{k~keíde%

Ks~k shecrk~hsmg rklhihgsg sk mdehaks~ó ke lgs rkld~gs grdlks mäs t{k ke c{dlt{hkr g~rd cgsd% Zgrt{k lg grdldqded o{e~dmke~k cge ld cgsmgqhshóe, cge ld hnkglgiíd% “‡ Kl rkld~g grdl ks móqhl, lg t{k hmzhnk s{

ksclkrgsdmhke~g% D nhakrkechd nkl lhbrg, eg cdn{cd? sk ~rdesagrmd% Ks {e mknhg nk ~rdsmhshóe nk

cgegchmhke~gs t{k ke mdxgr g mkegr irdng qkfhc{lhd {ed cdrid s{bok~hqd, ld t{k hecl{xk lgs akrmke~gs t{k

zkrmh~hräe dl mh~g cdmbhdr nk mäscdrd, rkszgenkr d lds sh~{dchgeks e{kqds x lds ekckshndnks shmbólhcds t{k

ks~ds qde zlde~kdeng‡4;>

” Ke lgs rkld~gs, nksz{ès nk ld cget{hs~d x kqdeiklhdchóe, xd dzdrkcíde hmäikeks xsímbglgs crhs~hdegs he~krdc~{deng cge lds hmäikeks x nhgsks denhegs, zgrt{k? “‡Ke ld lh~krd~{rd grdl sk

kec{ke~rd dcdsg ld mdxgr a{krd kvzrkshqd nk ld c{l~{rd zgz{ldr‡4;;

” Zkrg eg sólg ksg% Ld mgrdl, ld

cgsmgqhshóe, ld hnke~hndn denhed s{arke cdmbhgs cge lgs e{kqgs cgeckz~gs nk ld rklhihóe e{kqd%Nk~keiämgegs zgr {egs hes~de~ks ke dli{egs rkld~gs nkl lhbrg “^rdnhchgeks grdlks nk F{decdqklhcd4;1” lhbrg t{krkcgik, cgmg dcldrd kl zrólgig, rkld~gs rkcgihngs zgr qdrhgs d{~grks ke kl zrhmkr cgec{rsg nk rkcgzhldchgeksgrdlks% Ks~k lhbrg m{ks~rd ld hnke~hndn c{l~{rdl nk {e z{kblg, eg sólg kl dszkc~g rklhihgsg, sheg, ~dmbhèe, ~gng kzrgcksg agl`lórhcg k hnkglóihcg nk {e z{kblg cge bds~de~k ~rdnhchóe% “‡Sk z{knk dahrmdr t{k ld lh~krd~{rd grdlcges~h~{xk ld s{md nk lgs cgegchmhke~gs, qdlgrks x ~rdnhchgeks t{k zdsde nk {ed ikekrdchóe d g~rd, qkrbdlmke~k,{~hlhdeng nhakrke~ks ks~hlgs edrrd~hqgs% Ld lh~krd~{rd grdl sk cgeskrqd ke ld mkmgrhd nk lgs z{kblgs, ks nkcrkdchóe cglkc~hqd, zgr lg ~de~g deóehmd0 cdrkck nk d{~gr, cgmg eg ks kl cdsg nk ld lh~krd~{rd kscrh~d0 ks nkl z{kblg cgmg ~dl fdck zdr~k nk s{ qhnd nhdrhd x nk s{ c{l~{rd‡4;9”

HHH% Lgs Ike~hlks nk Cgedhcd4;6?

“Lgs Ike~hlks nk Cgedhcd” ks {e rkld~g rkcgihng zgr Rgsded F{dmdecdod, {~hlhd kl ~èrmheg “ike~hl”, ~èrmhegt{k dl{nk, ke ld cgsmgqhshóe denhed, d fgmbrks nk {ed krd, t{k zgr lgs nd~gs t{k sk ~hkeke, zdrkck skr ld krd

4;2 Lkge~hed K~cfklkc{ – NHQKRSDS AGRMDS T[K DNGZ^D LD RKLHIHÓE DENHED%4;3 Lkge~hed K~cfklkc{ – NHQKRSDS AGRMDS T[K DNGZ^D LD RKLHIHÓE DENHED%4;> Dnglag Cglgmbrks – GRDLHNDN X LH^KRD^[RD GRDL%4;; Dnglag Cglgmbrks – GRDLHNDN X LH^KRD^[RD GRDL%4;1 Gbrd, ke drcfhqg klkc~róehcg, s{mhehs~rdnd zgr ld bhblhg~kcd edchgedl nkl Zkrÿ% &eg sk kszkchahcd dôg nk z{blhcdchóe4;9 _dzd~d 489>, Zäi% S44;6 Gbrd ch~dnd, Zäi% 23



skd% Zdsó {egs mgmke~gs x ~gng ksk l{idr sk cgeqhr~hó ke irdenks r{heds nk rgcds% Ld kvzlhcdchóe t{k nd klrkcgzhldngr ks t{k? “Nhgs fdbíd bdodng d rgbrdr d s{ ike~k413”% D Nhgs, nke~rg nk ld cgsmgqhshóe crhs~hded ~dmbhèe sk lk cgegck cgmg “Kl dechdeg nk níds 41>” x sk crkk t{k sólgfds~d ld èzgcd nk Dnäe x Kqd nhgs bdodbd d ld ~hkrrd d qkr lds gbrds nk s{s fhogs% Zkrg fdx rkakrkechds bíblhcdst{k nhgs ski{íd bdodeng d ld ~hkrrd x sk zdskdbd dfí 41;% Zkrg sólg sk qk d nhgs cds~hideng d lgs fgmbrks nk Bdbklx kcfdeng nkl zdrdísg d Dnäe x Kqd% Kl cds~hig t{k rkdlhd kl dechdeg ke kl rkld~g nk Dcg~dmbg ks d lgs fgmbrksb{rldngrks% Kl cds~hig cgeshs~k ke ~rdesagrmdr lgs mdhdlks ke zhknrd% Cgsd shmhldr, d{et{k eg mdhdlks, gc{rrk

ke ld bhblhd% Sk c{ke~d t{k ld m{okr nk Lg~ n{nó, x cge ks~g adlló d ld dnqkr~kechd nk nhgs, x a{k cgeqkr~hnd ke{ed ks~d~{d nk sdl, t{k qhkek d skr {ed ks~d~{d nk zhknrd%

Sk z{knke nkchr, d{et{k adl~dríde ks~{nhgs mäs zrga{engs sgbrk kl rkszkc~g, t{k lgs rkld~gs bíblhcgs fde shngdshmhldngs x cgeahi{rdngs zdrd kerht{kckr ld ~rdnhchóe x cgsmgqhshóe denhed%

Zkrg dnkmäs nk ks~gs ngs rkld~gs, t{k fde shng gbok~g nk e{ks~rg ks~{nhg zgr cgeshnkrdrlgs lds mäs irdenksmdehaks~dchgeks nk shecrk~hsmg, kvhs~ke g~rgs rkld~gs t{k ks~äe llkegs nk ks~ds cdrdc~krís~hcds% Kl rkld~g “Z{e`{Zh~h411” m{ks~rd cgmg lgs fgmbrk sge cds~hidngs zgr ~kekr {ed mgrdl nkzlgrdblk, x cgmg sge kv~krmhedngs zgrnhgs% Zkrg eg sólg fdx {e shecrk~hsmgs rklhihgsg cge kl crhs~hdehsmg ~dmbhèe kecge~rdmgs mdehaks~dchgeks nk ldc{l~{rd ckl~d, kihzchd x irhkid%

Cgmg sk z{knk gbskrqdr d shmzlk qhs~d, kl kvdmhedr cdnd {eg nk lgs rkld~gs sk fdck kqhnke~k t{k ld c{l~{rddenhed eg sólg dshmhló, sheg t{k kerht{kchó k fhg zrgzhd lds ~rdnhchgeks% Ks qkrndn t{k cdnd {eg nk ks~gsrkld~gs ~hkeke heal{kechd nk rklhihgeks x c{l~{rds nk g~rds rkihgeks, zkrg lg t{k eg sk z{knk ekidr ks t{k, cdnd{eg nk lgs rkld~gs, ks~äe qks~hngs cge lgs cglgrks x ld hnkglgiíd denhed% Zgr sólg mkechgedr dli{egs rkld~gs mäscgmg “Kl ^dx~d F{dmdeh419” xd eg ks {e s{ok~g mdsc{lheg kl t{k dx{nd d lds zkrsgeds, sheg, cgmg ke ld~rdnhchóe ckl~d, kl {e s{ok~g akmkeheg, {ed nhgsd zrg~kc~grd, ld t{k dx{nd d lgs t{k ld ekcksh~de%

^dmbhèe, ke kl zrkske~k lhbrg sge bds~de~ks lgs rkld~gs t{k ~hkek t{k qkr cge “dzdrkchngs” g ade~dsmds% Ks~g,~dmzgcg dl zrhechzhg, ahi{rdbd ke ld cgsmgqhshóe crhs~hded, zkrg t{k l{kig sk hecl{xg kv~rdxèengld nk lds nkmäsrklhihgeks nk grhke~k%

Sk z{knk nkchr, cgmg cgecl{shóe, t{k lgs zkrsgedoks, t{k dzdrkcke ke lgs rkld~gs nkl zrkske~k lhbrg, ~hkekecgs~{mbrks shecrk~hdnds, d{et{k kl z{e~g ikgiräahcg ke kl t{k qhqke ks ld rkihóe denhed% Zkrg, cgmg ks ed~{rdl,xd dshmhlde lds c{l~{rds, hnkglgiíds x rklhihgeks, t{k fde llkidng cge ld cget{hs~d%

Eg sólg ld rklhihóe crhs~hded, d{et{k nkbkmgs dahrmdr ks t{k ld heal{kechó mäs, ~{qg {e zdzkl kvcl{shqg nke~rgnk ks~k shecrk~hsmg% Ke e{ks~rgs rkld~gs denhegs dzdrkcke ~dmbhèe shiegs nk lds c{l~{rds grhke~dlks cgmg dl

ckl~d, ld irhkid, k~c%

413 Gbrd ch~dnd, Zäi% 841> Bhblhd, Ndehkl 2:?841; Rkakrkechds nk ld ~grrk nk bdbkl, nk lds kvzkrhkechds nk Lg~ x Dbrdfdm, x ke kl fgreg nk a{kig cge Ndehkl%411 Rkcgzhldng zgr _dhnd F{drgcc% 419 Rkcgzhldng zgr Rkxed Rgnríi{k Cdsds



Ld dmdnd, nksnk {e z{e~g nk qhs~d lh~krdl, ke dli{eds zdr~ks nk “2: zgkmds nk dmgr x {ed cdechóenkskszkrdnd”

Dl fdbldr sgbrk {e zgk~d ~de {ehqkrsdl, ~de ks~{nhdng x, ke dli{egs dszkc~gs, ~de cgmzlhcdng, cgmg lg ks ZdblgEkr{nd, rkcgrndmgs lg t{k nhog kl mís~hcg x zde~kís~d hrldenès O{de Kscg~g Kríiked? “T{k lds kscrh~{rds

kechkrrde {e eÿmkrg hlhmh~dng nk ske~hngs%” X lg t{k ~dmbhèe, shilgs nksz{ès, {e cdbdlhs~d kszdôgl nhog? “Nhgs

kscrhbhó lds kscrh~{rds zdrd cdnd {eg nk lgs fgmbrks nk Hsrdkl, x zgr cgeshi{hke~k fdx ~de~ds Bhblhds cgmg

lkc~grks nk ld Bhblhd%” X Bgriks dôdnk? “t{k kl mhsmg lhb rg t{k a{enó kl crhs~hdehsmg, ~dmbhèe a{eng kl

o{ndísmg, kl zrg~ks~de~hsmg, x ~gnds lds skc~ds x rklhihgeks t{k ~hkeke d Oksÿs g d Nhgs cgmg mävhmg

rkzrkske~de~k” Zdr~hkeng nk ks~ds dzrkchdchgeks ahlgsóahcds sgbrk ld he~krzrk~dchóe nk {e ~kv~g egs dqke~{rdmgsd b{scdr {ed he~krzrk~dchóe t{k t{hä eg ks ld he~krzrk~dchóe nkl zgk~d dl mgmke~g nk kscrhbhr, zkrg ks ldhe~krzrk~dchóe t{k ndmgs nksnk e{ks~rgs ske~hngs x ske~hmhke~gs, t{k sge kl l{idr ngenk edcke, skiÿe lgsde~hi{gs irhkigs, ~gng ~hzg nk cgegchmhke~g%

Ekr{nd, ke 482>, z{blhcd {eg nk lgs lhbrgs mäs lkíngs ke ld fhs~grhd nk ld f{mded, {eg nk ksgs lhbrgs t{kmdrcdrge {e de~ks x {e nksz{ès nke~rg nk ld lh~krd~{rd ld~hegdmkrhcded% Ks~g lg nhig she mkegscdbdr ld ilgrhdt{k dlcdedrge, cge mkrh~gs zrgzhgs, xd ke ksk ~hkmzg, Qdllkog x R{bèe Ndríg% Zkrg Ekr{nd qd mäs dllä nkdmbgs, Zrgzgrchged ld m{shcdlhndn t{k lk adl~dbd d lgs qkrsgs ~de f{mdegs nk Qdllkog x d ld zgksíd qíqhnd nkNdríg% Rkcgrnkmgs lg t{k nhog sgbrk èl Idrcíd Lgrcd, s{ irde dmhig, cgmzdôkrg nk irdenks bd~dllds cge~rd kladschsmg x ld nhc~dn{rd t{k d~dcdrge Kszdôd, Zdblg ks {e zgk~d llkeg nk qgcks mhs~krhgsds t{k

dagr~{edndmke~k èl eg sdbk nkschardr° Ekr{nd, kl irde zgk~d cfhlkeg, s{zg o{idr cge lds zdldbrds nk {edmdekrd he{s{dl% ^gng lg t{k fdbldbd, ~gng lg t{k kscrhbíd, x mk d~rkqg d zkesdr, ~gng lg t{k zkesdbd, ~keíd {edmklgníd, {ed cdechóe, g dliÿe ~hzg nk mÿshcd cklks~hdl, t{k dÿe eg cgmzrkenkmgs z{ks sólg sgmgs skrksf{mdegs%Zkrg qglqdmgs d “2: zgkmds nk dmgr x {ed cdechóe nkskszkrdnd” kl lhbrg nk {e ogqke zrgqhechdeg, kl lhbrg nk{e dmde~k ar{s~rdng, kl lhbrg, t{k zdrd m{cfgs, ks kl mäs sgegrg, x mäs mklónhcg nkl m{eng%

Ld dmdnd, ~de dbs~rdc~d, ~de kscgenhnd, ~de hrrkdl, dzdrkck nk mdekrd lkoded ke cdnd {eg nk lgs qkrsgs, sk shke~ks{ d{skechd ke cdnd zärrdag, ke cdnd líekd% Dzdrkck, ke kl zrhmkr zgkmd, cgmzdrdnd cge kl “m{eng ke s{

dc~h~{n nk ke~rkid” ks {ed m{okr ndnhqgsd, {ed m{okr cge {ed ke~rkid s{zrkmd, {ed m{okr d ld t{k sk lk z{knknkchr? “ zdrd sgbrkqhqhrmk ~k agrok cgmg {e drmd, cgmg {ed alkcfd ke mh drcg, cgmg {ed zhknrd ke mh

f{end%” Zkrg qd mäs dllä nkl sólg rkchbhr dmgr x zrg~kcchóe, qd m{cfg mäs dllä% Kl dmgr t{k shke~k ~rdesagrmd,d ksd m{okr, ke {e ~ó~km, ke dlig nhqheg% Zkrg kl mhsmg zgk~d rkszgenk, qkrsg de~ks, zgrt{k ld dmdbd ~de~g“ a{h sólg cgmg {e ~ÿekl, nk mí f{íde lgs zäodrgs x ke mí ld egcfk ke~rdbd s{ heqdshóe zgnkrgsd%” Ks~dbdsólg, eg fdx n{nd% Ske~íd, ksk kv~rdôg ske~hmhke~g t{k, ke zdldbrds nk Qíc~gr F{ig, “T{k ~rhs~k ks~d kl dmgrc{deng s{ark zgr kl dmgr%” ld m{okr dldbdnd ke lgs qkrsgs de~krhgrks ld fdbíd sdcdng nk ksk m{eng, ke lgs

qkrsgs ahedlks, cgsd c{rhgsd, ks ld cd{sde~k nk {e nglgr mäs zrga{eng, {e nglgr mäs nksidrrdngr? “gsc{rgs

cd{sks nóenk ld skn k~kred shi{k, x ld ad~hid shi{k, x kl nglgr he aheh~g” s{ cdmheg, she ld zrkskechd nkl skr t{kdmd, she sdchdr s{ skn, lk fdcke cgegckr {e nglgr heaheh~g, {e nglgr henkscrhz~hblk% Shke~k g mkogr nhcfg zhkesdnkqglqkrlk kl ndôg, zkrg eg z{knk, x cgecl{xk? “Zkrg cdk ld fgrd nk ld qkeided, x ~k dmg” % Qíc~gr Idrcídrkalkvhged sgbrk ks~gs qkrsgs x nhck? “ks mäs aächl mgrhr zgr kl t{k sk dmd, t{k md~dr dl t{k sk dmd%” X ksgke kl zrhmkr zgkmd nk Ekr{nd, sk rkalkod nk {ed mdekrd she hi{dl% Ld dmdbd ~de~g t{k eg zgníd qkeidrsk%

Zkrg eg shkmzrk a{k nglgr, eg shkmzrk ~rhs~kd% Ke kl zgkmd 6 lk s{zlhcd? “märcdmk ~{ cdmheg ke ~{ drcg nk

kszkrded” t{hkrk cdmhedr zgr èl, t{hkrk ks~dr ckrcd nk klld% Zgrt{k klld ks “m{ôkcd, cdrdcgld ~krrks~rk” ks



cge ks~g {ed dzglgiíd dl ~krrgrhsmg% Ke s{ Cde~g d S~dlheirdng zgnkmgs qkr ksd kqgl{chóe nk zkesdmhke~g x{ed kqgl{chóe nk sgehngs, t{k skräe mg~hqgs nk ks~{nhgs zgs~krhgrks%



Dzrgvhmdchóe d “Ld qhnd ke {ed bksg” nk Ydrcrx

H% He~rgn{cchóe?

Ogrik L{hs Bgriks zgs~{ld t{k lds cgrrhke~ks lh~krdrhds, x s{s hmzlhcdchgeks ke ld nkmäs agrmds nk dr~k, sge sólg{ed heqkechóe nk lgs ks~{nhgsgs nk ld lh~krd~{rd t{k eg shke~ke ld zgksíd416% X ks~g, t{hä, sk rkalkod ke lds lk~rdsnk ld mÿshcd, t{k eg sge g~rd cgsd t{k zgkmds cde~dngs, nk {ed nk lds bdends mäs rkzrkske~d~hqds nk Kszdôd x

nkl hnhgmd kszdôgl%

“Ld qhnd ke {e bksg”, cdechóe dzdrkchnd ke gc~{brk nk 2::6, rkc{krnd kl rgmde~hchsmg {ehqkrsdl% T{häm{cfgs nk lgs crí~hcgs, dahrmke t{k kl rgmde~hchsmg edchó x n{ró sólg ke kl shilg VHV% A{k rkkmzlddng zgr klrkdlhsmg, x t{k nksz{ès nk ksds akcfds xd eg fd fdbhng gbrds rgmde~hchs~ds%

Lds cgrrhke~ks, g ksc{klds, lh~krdrhds fde nklhmh~dng ke èzgcds ld hnkglgiíd x ahlgsgaíd nk lds crkdchgeks dr~ís~hcds%Ke lg ÿl~hmgs ~hkmzgs, x t{hä ks~g xd sk sdbíd fdck m{cfg, sk nhck t{k kl cgegchmhke~g nk ld zkrhgnhdchóe nkld lh~krd~{rd dx{nd, d{et{k eg ke irde mknhnd, dl deälhshs nk lgs ~kv~gs lh~krdrhgs% Zkrg ~dmbhèe sk dahrmd t{k ld

crkdchóe ks lhbrk, sk z{knk ks~dr ke ld èzgcd rkdlhs~d zkrg z{knke ski{hr zrgn{chèengsk gbrds rgmäe~hcds, xqhckqkrsd% X lg mhsmg zdsd cge ~gnds lds cgrrhke~ks% Sh sk heqks~hid ld lh~krd~{rd de~krhgr d ld zkrhgnhdchóekecge~rdmgs qkrsgs rgmäe~hcgs m{cfgs de~ks nk t{k, skiÿe lgs ks~{nhgsgs, dzdrkcde henhchgs nkrgmde~hchsmg%

Cgeshnkrg crkdchóe lh~krdrhd, d{et{k eg ~gngs ks~dräe nk dc{krng, d lds lk~rds nk “Ld Qhnd ks {e S{kôg”% X ks~dcgeshnkrdchóe ks zgrt{k sk shke~k ld zrkskechd nk ld zgksíd ke k~d crkdchóe ks~è~hcd% Nksnk kl z{e~g nk qhs~d nkld ~kgríd lh~krdrhd fdrkmgs {e ks~{nhg sgbrk ks~d cdechóe, nk~kehèengegs ke s{s qkrsgs%

HH% [ed mhrdnd d “Ld Qhnd Ks [e S{kôg”?

Zdrd dckrcdregs d lgs nk~dllks ks~è~hcgs nk {ed zgksíd, x ks~gs ks kl krrgr nk m{cfgs ks~{nhgsgs, eg nkbkmgsfdckrlg cge ~de~d bhblhgirdaíd, d{et{k ksg dx{nd m{cfg, sheg, ke zrhmkrd hes~dechd, dckrcdregs nhrkc~dmke~k dlg t{k t{hkrk ~rdesmh~hr, kl d{~gr, d ~rdqès nk ld gbrd nk dr~k crkdnd% Zdrd ksg, x zdrd eg cdkr ke {ed nkmdigihdshe ske~hng, egs dckrcdrkmgs d lds lk~rds nk ks~k zrkchgsg zgkmd%

^rhs~k mgr~dl,sgldmke~k s{ shkrqg%Lgcg nk dmgr,ks s{ dmgr lg t{k defklg%

Mh bklld algrr{kig d Nhgs?Ndmk kl qdlgr,z{ks she klldednd sgx eh ~keig%Fgx ~k b{st{kx ~k fdllè ke mh s{kôgs%

416·T{è ks ld zgksíd7, Ogrik L{hs Bgriks, shclg nk cgeakrkechds%



Sgx {e ldnróez{ks rgbdr~k zrk~keng%Mh bklld algrr{kig d nhgs?ndmk kl qdlgr,sgldmke~k t{hkrg rgbdrlk {e bksg%X sh cge {e bksg skllg mh ahe,

mk nd hi{dl%Z{ks sè t{k ksk bksg ks zdrd mí ld rdóe nk mh qhnd%

HHH Kl rgmde~hchsmg x “Ld qhnd ks {e bksg”

Kszdôd, ke ld lh~krd~{rd, ~hkek t{hä ke Bkc`kr d {eg nk s{s mäs irdenks kvzgeke~ks ke kl rgmde~hchsmg%D{et{k shkmzrk, ke lds gbrds nk O{de Rdmóe Ohmèek, De~gehg Mdcfdng, Idrcíd Lgrcd, ke~rk g~rgs, dzdrkck{ed heclhedchóe fdchd lg rgmäe~hcg%

Kl cgeckz~g nk “dmgr” ks zrkskechd nk {e “Fèrgk nk Dmgr”% Ks~k fèrgk, t{hä kl zkrsgedok zrhechzdl nk ~gndsks~ds gbrds, ks dli{hke t{k ks~ä nhsz{ks~g d ndr s{ qhnd zgr ld zkrsged t{k dmd% Ks~k dmgr, ke cdsh ~gngs lgscdsgs, eg ks cgrrkszgenhng zgr m{cfgs adc~grks0 x sh ks cgrrkszgenhng shkmzrk gc{rrk dlig t{k lgs skzdrd,m{kr~k, keakrmkndn, qhdok, k~c%

Zdrd kmzkdr cge lgs kokmzlgs nk rgmde~hchsmg t{hkrg ~rdsldndrmk d Ardechd% Qíc~gr F{ig egs llkqd ke {e qhdokzgr ld Ardechd ke èzgcds nk ld ~gmd nk ld Bds~hlld% Okde Qdlokde cgmhked s{ qhnd rgmde~hchs~d cge ld dzdrhchóenk Cgssk~~k% Ks~k dmgr a{k cgrrkszgenhng ke lgs ämbh~gs nk dmhig x zdnrk% Zkrg kl dmgr nk èl eg sk lhmh~dbd dksgs ngs adc~grks% S{ dmgr, zgr nkchrlg nk dliÿe mgng, ~dmbhèe rkcldmdbd kl dmgr ke~rk fgmbrk x m{okr% Zkrg

cgmg ke ~gnds lds gbrds nkl rgmde~hchsmg, ld dzdrhchóe nk Mdrh{s zrhqd nk ks~k ~hzg nk dmgr d Qdlokde% Ld gbrd~krmhed cge kl cdsdmhke~g nk Cgssk~~k x Mdrh{s x cge ld m{kr~k nk Qdlokde% Kl kzíirdak nkodng ks? Qhqhómhke~ds s{ äeikl ks~dbd d s{ ldng%

G~rd gbrd rgmäe~hcd ks “Mdríd” nk Ogrik Hsddcs% Ke ks~d egqkld kl dmgr ks cgrrkszgenhng zkrg eg sk llkid dcgecrk~hdr zgr ld keakrmkndn nk ld dmdnd% Klld m{krk x s{mk ke {ed irde nkzrkshóe dl zkrsgedok cke~rdl%

Ke lds ngs egqklds, crkg t{k xd ks {e kokmzlg irdenk nk rgmde~hchsmg, lgs zrg~digehs~ds, lgs kedmgrdngs, eg~hkeke lg t{k b{scde nk ld m{okr t{k dmde% [eg nk kllgs ld zhkrnk zgr ld dzdrhchóe nk g~rg, x kl g~rg, ld zhkrnkzgr {ed keakrmkndn% Sh egs ahodmgs bhke lgs ngs sge fèrgks nk dmgr% Lgs ngs s{arke, fds~d xd eg zgnkr, zgr kl

dmgr nk ksd zkrsged% Sk fdcke mär~hrks, ld aklhchndn eg kvhs~k lkogs nk kllds% Ks~äe nhsz{ks~gs d mgrhr zgr klld%

Qíc~gr Idrcíd fd he~rgn{chng ks~gs cgeckz~gs ke ks~d cdechóe% Ks {e fèrgk nk dmgr kl zrg~digehs~d% Kl ks~änhsz{ks~g d ndr s{ qhnd zgr klld% Cgmg ke ~gnds lds egqklds rgmäe~hcds, kl dmgr q{klqk lgcg dl zrg~digehs~dLgcg ke {e ske~hng ke t{k sólg qk ke klld ld c{lmhedchóe nk ld ~hkrrd% Kl zrg~digehs~d sk shke~k mgr~dl, x s{kscldqg%

Zkrg èl, kl zrg~digehs~d, sólg dszhrd d {ed cgsd a{endmke~dl% Eg t{hkrk qhqhr cge klld k~kredmke~k, fds~d t{k ldm{kr~k lgs skzdrk% Kl dszhrd d {e bksg, t{k ke ks~k cdsg ke ld rdóe nk s{ qhnd% Eg t{hkrk, x cge ks~g eg



dahrmdmgs ednd, cgmzdr~hr ~gnd ld qhnd cge dli{hke, sh cge {ed gld m{ks~rd nk dmgr ks mäs t{k s{ahchke~k% Ks~kbksg, ~de ~ízhcg nk ld lh~krd~{rd rgmäe~hcd, ks kl símbglg nk dmgr a{kr~k, dmgr lgcg% Fd zkrnhng ld rdóe, fdzkrnhng ld cgeckzchóe nk skr t{hke ks% Sólg qhqk zdrd klld% Sólg zhkesd ke klld%

^dmbhèe, kl zrg~digehs~d, t{hkrg qglqkrsk ke fèrgk nk dmgr% Ld rdóe nk s{ qhnd ks {e bksg% Eg lk hmzgr~d lgt{k z{knd s{cknkr nksz{ès, g lg t{k fdxd s{cknhng de~ks, shmzlkmke~k ksk bksg, kl t{k dszhrd nksnk shkmzrkks ld rdóe zdrd t{k sk mde~keid% Eg lk hmzgr~d mgrhr, eg lk hmzgr~d kl cds~hig t{k z{knd ~kekr% Sólg, x ks~g ks

{ed cgeahrmdchóe, qhqk zdrd ksg%

Nhgs dzdrkck, ke ks~d cdechóe, cgmg {e skr dl t{k sk lk z{knk zknhr cgsds% Kl zhnk kl qdlgr, kl qdlgr eg zdrdkearke~drsk cgmg sglndng ke {ed i{krrd, t{hä ~gngs edckmgs cge ksg% Èl lk zhnk d Nhgs kl qdlgr zdrd ndrlk {ebksg, t{hä hmzgshblk, dl skr dmdng%Ld qhnd ke {e bksg, ks cgmg sk nhog, ld mävhmd kvzrkshóe, x ld kvzrkshóe dc~{dl, nkl rgmde~hchsmg kszdôgl ke ldmÿshcd%

ensayos sobre sociedad y literatura - jun isa santa cruz

Documents