efecto del ambiente sobre la producción de minitubérculos de 10 genotipos de papa cultivados bajo...

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    ZKLQJPYLMOM KOILDKOC OBPOPLO CO EDCLKO

    JYIZJCO MJ VDY] BPOMD

    EOJY]PLO JK VPDMZIILK OBPIDCO

    JAJI]D MJC OE@LJK]J YD@PJ CO VPDMZIILK MJ

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    06?6

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    ZKLQJPYLMOM KOILDKOC OBPOPLO CO EDCLKO

    JYIZJCO MJ VDY] BPOMD

    EOJY]PLO JK VPDMZIILK OBPIDCO

    JAJI]D MJC OE@LJK]J YD@PJ CO VPDMZIILK MJ

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    MJMLIO]DPLO

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    idevop}d y}o bpok yo}lyaoiilk+

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    Albzpo ?:+ @lvcd} mjc okclyly OEEL vopo jc kejpd mj }z`pizcdy vdp vcok}o mj ?6

    bjkd}lvdy mj vovo joczomdy jk : oe`ljk}jy mzpok}j jc vjpldmd 0668 06?6+ ++++++++++++++++++26

    Albzpo ?1+ Md`cj pjvpjyjk}oilk bpalio mjc IV? jk azkilk mjc pjkmleljk}d kejpd mj

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    bjkd}lvdy mj vovo joczomdy jk : oe`ljk}jy mzpok}j jc vjpldmd 0668 06?6+ ++++++++++++++++++2:

    Albzpo ?8+ Md`cj pjvpjyjk}oilk bpalio mjc IV? jk azkilk mjc vjyd vpdejmld mj

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    06?6+ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++22

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    oplo`clmom idppjyvdkmljk}j o Bjkd}lvd | o co lk}jpoiilk BxO

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    Ihzqzlccokqzl (0662,# qzljkjy pjvdp}opdk jk vdidy izc}lopjy mj vpzj`o# jk}pj : | ?6 jijy

    ey elkl%}z`pizcdy vdp vcok}o# jk idevopoilk o cdy yly}jeoy qzj idekejk}j ydk

    z}lclwomdy vopo co vpdmziilk mj yjelcco+ Jy}dy oz}dpjy }oe`lk pjvdp}opdk# vjpldmdyjbj}o}ld copbdy# oy ided mlajpjkiloy jk coy pjyvzjy}oy mj coy oplo`cjy edpadcblioy mj

    oc}zpo mj vcok}o | cdkbl}zm mj pow+

    Jc ipjileljk}d | co vpdmziilk alkoc mjvjkmjk jk `zjko ejmlmo mjc bjkd}lvd | jc

    oe`ljk}j mdkmj yj jkizjk}po jy}o`cjilmd+ Jc bjkd}lvd jy ey idky}ok}j jk idevopoilk

    idk cdy ioe`ldy mj oe`ljk}j qzj zko vcok}o vzjmj jxvjplejk}op# ylk je`opbd# coy

    jxvpjyldkjy ajkd}vlioy ydk azjp}jejk}j lkaczjkilomoy vdp jc oe`ljk}j (Edpjkd# ?

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    LL+PJQLYLDK MJ CL]JPO]ZPO

    0+? BJKJPOCLMOMJY MJC IZC]LQD

    Co vovo (Ydcokze }z`jpdyze C+, jy zko vcok}o hjp`ijo okzoc qzj ociokwo zko

    oc}zpo mj zk ej}pd | vpdmzij }z`pizcdy# co vovo elyeo# idk }ok o`zkmok}j idk}jklmd mj

    ocelmk qzj dizvo jc }jpijp czbop ezkmloc jk levdp}okilo ided oclejk}d# mjyvzy mjc }plbd

    | jc oppdw+ Co vovo vjp}jkjij o co aoelclo mj coy ydcokijoy# | oc bkjpd Ydcokze# qzjlkicz|jk vdp cd ejkdy elc jyvjiljy ided jc }deo}j | co `jpjkgjko+ Jc Y+ }z`jpdyze yj

    mllmj jk mdy yz`jyvjiljy ovjkoy mlajpjk}jy7 okmlbjko# omov}omo o idkmlildkjy mj moy

    idp}dy# izc}lomo vplkilvocejk}j jk cdy Okmjy# | }z`jpdyze# co opljmom qzj hd| yj izc}lo

    jk }dmd jc ezkmd | yj vljkyo qzj mjyiljkmj mj zko vjqzjo lk}pdmziilk jk Jzpdvo mj

    vovoy okmlbjko# vdy}jpldpejk}j omov}omoy o moy ey copbdy (AOD# 0668,+

    Co vovo yj izc}lo jk ey mj ?66 voyjy# jk icleo }jevcomd# yz`}pdvlioc | }pdvlioc+

    Jy jyjkilocejk}j zk "izc}ld mj icleo }jevcomd"# vopo iz|o vpdmziilk co }jevjpo}zpo

    pjvpjyjk}o jc cel}j vplkilvoc7 coy }jevjpo}zpoy lkajpldpjy o ?6 I | yzvjpldpjy o 96 lkhl`jk

    mjilmlmoejk}j jc mjyoppdccd mjc }z`pizcd# eljk}poy qzj co ejgdp vpdmziilk dizppj mdkmj

    co }jevjpo}zpo mloplo yj eok}ljkj jk vpdejmld mj ?8 o 06 I+

    Vdp jyj ed}ld co vovo yj ylje`po o vplkilvldy mj co vpleojpo jk coy wdkoy

    }jevcomoy | o alkjy mjc lkljpkd jk coy pjbldkjy ey iclmoy# | jk cdy czbopjy mj icleo

    }pdvlioc iocljk}j yj izc}lo mzpok}j cdy ejyjy ey apjyidy mjc od+ Jk ocbzkoy }ljppoy oc}oy

    yz`}pdvliocjy# coy }jevjpo}zpoy `jklbkoy | co jcjomo pomloilk ydcop vjpel}j o cdy

    obplizc}dpjy izc}lop co vovo }dmd jc od# | idyjihop cdy }z`pizcdy o cdy

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    0+0 CO VOVO JK JC VJP

    Yjbk Lky}l}z}d Koildkoc mj Jy}omy}lio (066 cdy vpdmzi}dpjy obpdvjizopldy yj

    mjmliok o co vpdmziilk mj vovo# bjkjpokmd iomo od ovpdxleomoejk}j ??6+666 vzjy}dy mj}po`ogd vjpeokjk}jy# | jy co `oyj mj co oclejk}oilk mj co vd`coilk oc}d okmlko+ Mzpok}j co

    ioevoo obpidco 0668# jc pjo lky}ocomo idk vovo pjvpjyjk} ?=* mjc }d}oc mj ylje`poy

    (028+92? ho jk vovo mj ?+

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    Mj oizjpmd idk Yocoy (?

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    jkajpejmomjy, | yjp vpdmzilmo jk lkjpkomjpd+ Jy}o vpdmziilk jk lkjpkomjpd jy

    bjkjpocejk}j pjoclwomo zyokmd zk yz`y}po}d mj dplbjk jbj}oc (`ylioejk}j ezybd | yzjcd,

    cd izoc lkdczipo jc pljybd mj lkajiilk vdp mlajpjk}jy vo}bjkdy vpjyjk}jy jk jc yz`y}po}d#

    }ocjy idedPhlwdi}dklo ydcokl (ihzvomjpo,# Yvdkbdyvdpo yz`}jppkjo (Pdo,#Jprlklo yvv+

    (Vzmplilk cokmo,# Vh|}lze yvv+# | d}pdy+ Omjey# d}po mj coy mjyjk}ogoy mj co vpdmziilkmj yjelcco vpj%`ylio jk yzjcd jy bjkjpocejk}j co `ogo }oyo mj ezc}lvclioilk+

    Ozkqzj yj hok hjihd ookijy jk izok}d o ezc}lvclioilk pvlmo mj eo}jploc vpj%

    `ylid jk lkjpkomjpdy# Hlmocbd j} oc+ (?

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    2

    izc}ldy d co lk}jppzvilk mj co vpdmziilk+ ]oe`lk yj idkylmjpo zko jk}ogo co z}lclwoilk

    mj zko ejkdp pjo mj izc}ld# |o qzj vjpel}j }jkjp zko eo|dp mjkylmom vdp zklmom mj

    yzvjpalilj mj vcok}oy (Gjkyjk# 066?,+

    Co z}lclwoilk mj }iklioy mj vpdvoboilk j lkmjxoilk mj vcok}oy lkizcomoy ovpdijmleljk}dy ey jaliljk}jy vopo co d`}jkilk mj yjelcco mj vovo `ogd e}dmdy

    hlmpdvklidy hok }jklmd levoi}dy vdyl}ldy jk jc ozejk}d mj co dajp}o | co ejgdpo | ioclmom

    mjc vpdmzi}d alkoc (Vjpjlpo | Mokljcy# 0669,+

    Pdcd} | Yjz}lk (? m, d`}jkilk mj

    iok}lmomjy yo}lyaoi}dploy mj elkl%}z`pizcdy mj }oeod omjizomd+

    Ylk je`opbd vopo D}ow | Ihzqzlccokqz (0662,# ocbzkdy e}dmdy hlmpdvklidy

    vpjyjk}ok mjyjk}ogoy levdp}ok}jy pjcoildkomoy o jyvoildy clel}omdy vopo jc mjyoppdccd

    pomlizcop mj coy vcok}oy# yzyijv}l`lclmom o zko idk}oelkoilk eoylo idk vo}bjkdy qzj

    lkbpjyjk o co ydczilk kz}pl}lo | clel}omo olpjoilk mj cdy }z`jpizclccdy vpdmzilmdy+

    ]oe`lk Rhjjcjp j} oc (?

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    Jc izc}ld `ogd co }iklio ojpdvklio jy zko oc}jpko}lo mj cdy e}dmdy mj izc}ld ylk yzjcd

    jk oe`ljk}jy mj obplizc}zpo vpd}jblmo+ Jy}o }iklio dv}lelwo co olpjoilk mj coy poijy# qzj

    jy zk aoi}dp levdp}ok}j vopo co vpdmziilk mj izc}ldy `ogd co }iklio hlmpdvklio (Ydaajp |

    @zpbjp# ? oc kd jxly}lp vpd`cjeo vopo jc mjyoppdccd mj poijy mj coy

    vcok}oy# yj vpdezjj zk ejgdp ipjileljk}d pomlizcop | mj jy}dcdkjy# aoilcl}okmd co

    o`ydpilk mj kz}pljk}jy | idk}pl`z|jkmd o zk ozejk}d jk jc kejpd mj }z`pizcdy vdp

    vcok}o (Aoi}dp | Opozgd# 066:,+

    Aoppok | Elkbd%Ioy}jc (0661,# joczopdk `ogd idkmlildkjy jxvjplejk}ocjy mj

    lkjpkomjpd | idk jqzlvdy ydaly}liomdy# jc jaji}d mj co mjkylmom mj vcok}oilk | cdylk}jpocdy mj idyjiho jk vcok}oy+ Jkidk}popdk qzj coy vcok}oy mj vovo i Wdp`o edy}popdk

    zk jx}jkyd vjpldmd jbj}o}ld# d`}jklkmdyj zk bpok kejpd mj jy}dcdkjy o `ogo mjkylmom

    mj vcok}oy+ ]oe`lk jkidk}popdk qzj co adpeoilk mj }z`pizcdy yj oijcjp izokmd yj

    pjmzgd co ovclioilk mj K# oy ided cdy ejgdpjy pjyzc}omdy jk idyjiho izokmd yj hlwd idk

    lk}jpocdy yjeokocjy+

    Jk jy}j yjk}lmd Cddejk (?

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    jxly}j zko oc}o yzyijv}l`lclmom o zk eoc

    azkildkoeljk}d# |o qzj yj pjqzljpj mj zko pjbzcoilk vpjilyo | mj zk idky}ok}j idk}pdc mj

    cdy kljcjy mj obzo | kz}pljk}jy+ Omjey# yj vzjmj vpdmzilp co d`}zpoilk mj coy `dqzlccoy d

    ocbzko ojpo | coy vcok}oy vzjmjk yjp moomoy pvlmoejk}j jk adpeo lppjvopo`cj+ Vopojl}op jy}j }lvd mj vpd`cjeoy jy kjijyopld idk}op idk yly}jeo mj alc}pogj mj co ydczilk | zk

    edkl}dpjd idky}ok}j mjc yly}jeo (Mzpk j} oc+ 0666> Gjkyjk# 066?,+

    D}ow | Ihzqzlccokqz (0662,# vcok}jopdk zk mlyjd mj yly}jeo ojpdvklid

    omov}omd jk jc Ijk}pd Lk}jpkoildkoc mj co Vovo (ILV, vopo co vpdmziilk mj yjelccoy vpj%

    `ylioy mj `ogd idy}d+ Jk yz }po`ogd vpd`opdk jc yly}jeo omov}omd jk 9 izc}lopjy vjpzokdy

    zyokmd eo}jplocjy | jqzlvdy ylevcjy idk jc alk mj ydczildkop cdy vpd`cjeoy mj

    jy}jplclwoilk mj yzy}po}dy | vdmjp `ogop idy}dy jk co vpdmziilk+ Cdy pjyzc}omdy azjpdk ez|

    vpdej}jmdpjy jk idkmlildkjy mj Yljppo Ijk}poc jk jc Vjp> mj : o ?6 jijy ey mj kejpd

    vpdejmld mj }z`jpizclccdy vdp vcok}o mj cdy izc}lopjy Iokihok# Vjpplihdcl | \zkbo|

    izokmd azj idevopomd idk jc yly}jeo idkjkildkoc mj eoij}oy+ Jk jy}o lkjy}lboilk cdy

    oz}dpjy yjocok ided pjyzc}omd vop}lizcop jc ipjileljk}d jxijyld mjc adccogj | mjc yly}jeo

    pomlizcop# oy ided co vpdcdkboilk lkzyzoc mjc vjpldmd jbj}o}ld mj iomo izc}lop

    joczomd+

    0+2 AOI]DPJY MJC OE@LJK]J _ZJ OAJI]OK JC MJYOPPDCCD \

    PJKMLELJK]D JK JC IZC]LQD MJ VOVO

    Mj oizjpmd idk Elmedpj | Phdomjy# ejkildkomdy vdp Nddeok (?

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    apokgo }pdvlioc+ Jk wdkoy }pdvliocjy | yz`}pdvliocjy cdy pjkmleljk}dy ydk ey `ogdy | ejkdy

    jy}o`cjy qzj jk wdko }jevcomo+ Vopo jy}dy oz}dpjy# co powk jy}o vplkilvocejk}j jk qzj jk

    jy}dy icleoy# co vpjylk mj vcoboy | jkajpejmomjy jy oc}o | cdy izc}ldy yj jk oaji}omdy vdp

    mjaliljkiloy kz}plildkocjy | mlyvdkl`lclmom mj obzo+ Ozkqzj jy}oy idkmlildkjy azjpok

    }d}ocejk}j idk}pdcomoy# cdy pjkmleljk}dy yjpok ozk `ogdy> co powk jy}o jk qzj jc vd}jkilocmj vpdmziilk mj eo}jplo yjio jy} bd`jpkomo vdp aoi}dpjy bjk}lidy | mj icleo ided co

    pomloilk# }jevjpo}zpo | mzpoilk mjc mo+

    Vopo Rjccjkyljn (?

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    izc}ldy# vzjy jxly}j zko pjcoilk clkjoc jk}pj co pomloilk lk}jpijv}omo vdp jc adccogj | co

    vpdmziilk alkoc mj eo}jplo yjio+

    Jc ad}dvjpldmd jy pjidkdilmd ided zk aoi}dp levdp}ok}j qzj lkilmj yd`pj jc }ljevd

    jk co lkliloilk mj co }z`jplwoilk jk vovo | jc kejpd mj }z`pizcdy adpeomdy alkocejk}j+Co cl}jpo}zpo lkmlio qzj jc vpdijyd mj lkmziilk dizppj mj eokjpo }jevpoko jk moy idp}dy#

    ey qzj jk moy copbdy (@dmcojkmjp# ? Jrlkb# ?

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    ?9

    zk czbop mj}jpelkomd%od (okzocjy, d co z`lioilk mj izc}ldy mj ilicd (vjpjkkjy, d yz

    ide`lkoilk jk jc okclyly mj cdy jkyo|dy pjvj}lmdy jk jc }ljevd (AOD# 0660,+

    Co pjyvzjy}o mlajpjkiloc mj cdy bjkd}lvdy o coy idkmlildkjy oe`ljk}ocjy dplblko cd

    qzj yj idkdij ided co lk}jpoiilk bjkd}lvd x oe`ljk}j (B x O,# qzj vzjmj clel}op covpjilylk jk co jy}leoilk mjc pjkmleljk}d | mlalizc}o co lmjk}lalioilk mj bjkd}lvdy ov}dy

    vopo ocbzkdy oe`ljk}jy jyvjialidy (Ipdyyo j} oc+# ?

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    jaji}d oe`ljk}oc# | hoijk zyd mj zk kmlij oe`ljk}oc kd lkmjvjkmljk}j mj cdy bjkd}lvdy

    (@dkljp`ocj j} oc+# 066=,+

    Pjiljk}jejk}j yj ho vpdvzjy}d zko oc}jpko}lo omlildkoc vopo jc jy}zmld mj co

    lk}jpoiilk B x O# ided jy jc Okclyly mj cdy jaji}dy vplkilvocjy | coy lk}jpoiildkjyezc}lvclio}loy# mjkdelkomd OEEL (Omml}lj Eolk Jaaji}y okm Ezc}lvclio}lj Lk}jpoi}ldk

    Okoc|yly,# vpdvzjy}d vdp W`jc j} oc+ (?

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    icopoy levcliokiloy obpdkelioy+ Jc oz}dp ejkildk qzj momd qzj cdy okclyly mj OKQO#

    OVI | PC ydk vop}j mjc idevcjgd edmjcd OEEL# jy}j yjpo ezihd ey ovpdvlomd vopo

    jy}zmlop jc pjkmleljk}d mj izc}ldy# | o }poy mj jy}j# mj}ji}op ejgdp co lk}jpoiilk mjc

    bjkd}lvd idk jc oe`ljk}j+

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    ?1

    LLL+ EO]JPLOCJY \ E]DMDY

    9+? Z@LIOILK MJC JXVJPLEJK]D

    Jc jxvjplejk}d yj ccj o io`d `ogd lkjpkomjpdy# z`liomdy jk coy jy}oildkjy

    jxvjplejk}ocjy mjc Ijk}pd Lk}jpkoildkoc mj co Vovo jk mdy cdioclmomjy mjc Vjp7 jy}oilk Co

    Edclko jk Cleo (0== eyke# co}l}zm ?0 =9=" Y> cdkbl}zm 21 :1=1" D, |# jy}oilk Yok}o

    Oko jk Hzokio|d (9+0:< eyke> co}l}zm ?0 698 "> cdkbl}zm 2: ?909" D,+

    9+0 IOPI]JPY]LIOY MJ CDY LKQJPKOMJPDY

    Co lkjy}lboilk azj idkmzilmo `ogd lkjpkomjpdy kd icleo}lwomdy# bjkjpocejk}j

    z}lclwomdy vopo co vpdmziilk mj yjelcco mj vovo+ Cdy lkjpkomjpdy }jkok dpljk}oilk Jy}j

    Djy}j# idky}pzlmdy idk eo}jplocjy `ylidy mj eomjpo# ijejk}d# eocco ok}l almdy | }jihd

    mj vdcliop`dko}d+ Jc lkjpkomjpd jevcjomd jk Co Edclko (Ad}dbpoao ?O,# azj }lvd iovlcco#

    idk mlejkyldkjy mj ?0 e mj okihd# 96 e mj copbd | 8 e mj oc}d+ Jc lkjpkomjpd jevcjomd

    jk Yok}o Oko (Ad}dbpoao ?@,# }oe`lk azj }lvd iovlcco# idk mlejkyldkjy mj : e mj okihd#

    ?1 e mj copbd | = e mj oc}d+ Iomo lkjpkomjpd idk} idk eoccoy mj vdclvpdvlcjkd (}lvd

    yopk, oc =6* | pjedl`cjy# vopo el}lbop jc jaji}d mj coy oc}oy }jevjpo}zpoy mj jpokd | co

    oc}o czelkdylmom+

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    ?2

    Ad}dbpoao ?+ Qly}o mj cdy lkjpkomjpdy z}lclwomdy vopo co vpdmziilk mj yjelcco vpj`ylio+ O,

    lkjpkomjpd mj ILV Cleo (0== eyke,> @, lkjpkomjpd mj ILV Hzokio|d (9+0: jy}j oe`ljk}j yj iopoi}jplw vdp yjp zko

    ylje`po mj ejmlomdy mj lkljpkd (Obdy}d mj 0668, idk zk ilicd jbj}o}ld qzj yj jx}jkmlhoy}o alkocjy mj jpokd jk co jy}oilk mj ILV Cleo+

    Albzpo ?+ Iopoi}jpy}lioy icle}lioy mjk}pd mjc lkjpkomjpd jk jc oe`ljk}j mj Idy}o CE?7 O,

    }jevjpo}zpo exleo# ejmlo | ekleo vpdejmld jk lkjpkomjpd | ekleo jk jc

    idk}jkjmdp mj izc}ld# @, pomloilk ad}dylk}}lioejk}j oi}lo VOP exleo mloplo

    | hzejmom pjco}lo vpdejmld jk lkjpkomjpd+

    Yj vzjmj ovpjilop ided cdy vpdejmldy mj }jevjpo}zpo azjpdk lkipjejk}kmdyj o

    ejmlmo qzj yj mjyoppdcco`o jc ilicd mjc izc}ld (Albzpo ?O,> yj pjyoc}o zk lkipjejk}d mj

    }jevjpo}zpo vopo jk jc ejy 0 (Yjv}lje`pj mj 0668,# ovpdxleomoejk}j o cdy 16 moy mj

    ho`jpyj pjoclwomd jc }poyvcok}j alkoc+ Jk }pelkdy bjkjpocjy yj vzjmj mjilp qzj jc ilicd

    idejkw idk zko }jevjpo}zpo ejmlo mj ?2+2 I | }jpelk idk zko ejmlo yzvjpldp mj 02+=

    I+ Jk co elyeo albzpo yj vzjmj ovpjilop jc idevdp}oeljk}d mj co }jevjpo}zpo ekleo

    mjk}pd mjc idk}jkjmdp> hoy}o jc ejy 9 (Di}z`pj mj 066

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    ? cdy eo|dpjy ocdpjy mj hzejmom pjco}lo yj pjbly}popdk jk jc ejy mj

    O`plc idk vpdejmldy qzj ociokwopdk hoy}o 2 co }jevjpo}zpo ekleo vpdejmld yj eok}zd

    vdp mj`ogd mj cdy : I mjymj lklildy mjc ejy 0 (Gzkld mj 066

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    0=

    ocbzkdy vjpldmdy azj eo|dp qzj jk jc ok}jpldp oe`ljk}j mj Yljppo (H\?,+ ]oe`lk yj

    pjyoc}o qzj co }jevjpo}zpo mjk}pd mjc idk}jkjmdp ociokw jk jy}j oe`ljk}j yzy ocdpjy ey

    `ogdy> cdy ocdpjy vpdejmldy jk jc ejy 0 mjyoppdccd (Gzkld mj 066

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    Izompd0+ Vpdejmld mj coy iopoi}jpy}lioy icle}lioy mj cdy : oe`ljk}jy mj jy}zmldQoplo`cjy Icle}lioy CE? CE0 CE9 H\? H\0

    ]jevjpo}zpo lkjpkomjpd (I,EOX 02#0? 02#1= 02#=8 02#:2 08#2:ELK ?8#=? ?8#== ?2#9= 1#:< 1#:2

    Hzejmom Pjco}lo (*, EJM 2?#=? 26#1: 20#22 19#68 1?#:9VOP (edc e%0 y%?, EOX 09=#08 088#0< 922#91 ?2=#?2 ?20#=0

    ]jevjpo}zpo idk}jkjmdp (I, EOX ?

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    01

    1ILV

    9

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    yly}jeo (06 % 0: VYL,# zk alc}pd mj oklccdy vopo jl}op co d`}zpoilk mj cdy kj`zclwomdpjy# oy

    ided cdy pjyvji}ldy eokej}pdy vopo jc idk}pdc mj co vpjylk mjc yly}jeo (Ad}dbpoao 0@,+

    Jk jc lk}jpldp mj iomo idk}jkjmdp# jk co vop}j ejmlo yzvjpldp# yj z`li zko eokbzjpo

    mj pljbd mj ?1 ee mj mlej}pd mdkmj yj lkyjp}opdk cdy kj`zclwomdpjy idk iozmoc mj 96C}$h+ Yj idcdiopdk 8 kj`zclwomdpjy vdp idk}jkjmdp o zko mly}okilo mj 6+1 e jk}pj iomo zkd

    (Ad}dbpoao 0I,+ Jk co vop}j lk}jpldp mjc idk}jkjmdp# jk zk jx}pjed# yj lky}oc zk vjqzjd

    ylak qzj idcji} co ydczilk kz}pl}lo mpjkomo | kd z}lclwomo vdp coy poijy mj coy vcok}oy+

    Cdy idk}jkjmdpjy }zljpdk zko vjkmljk}j mj 0 * | yj idkji}o`ok jk co vop}j jx}jpldp# o zko

    }z`jpo mj mpjkogj mj 0 vzcbomoy mj mlej}pd# mj eokjpo qzj jc aczgd pjbpjyo`o vdp

    bpojmom oc }okqzj | pjilpizco`o kzjoejk}j+

    Jk co vop}j yzvjpldp# iomo idk}jkjmdp yj iz`pl idk vcokihoy mj vdcljy}lpjkd jxvokmlmdmj ? fvzcbomo mj jyvjydp mj mjkylmom 06+ Jy}oy vcokihoy azjpdk adppomoy idk vcy}lid

    kjbpd mj 1 elipoy |# yd`pj y}oy# yj idcdi zk vcy}lid `cokid$kjbpd mj 9 elipoy mj jyvjydp

    o eokjpo mj eok}jc# idk co vop}j `cokio hoio oppl`o (jaji}d pjacjgd,# vopo jl}op co

    oizezcoilk mj iocdp jk jc lk}jpldp mjc idk}jkjmdp# vplkilvocejk}j mzpok}j cdy moy

    ydcjomdy+ Yd`p co iz`ljp}o yj hliljpdk obzgjpdy mj 0 ie mj mlej}pd# jk zk eopid mj

    ylje`po mj 06 ie jk}pj hlcjpoy | 0= ie jk}pj vcok}oy (Ad}dbpoao 0M,+

    Vopo co co`dp mj idkmziilk mj coy vcok}oy (}z}dpjy,# yj lky}ocopdk eopidy mj hljppd

    azkmlmd jk iomo jx}pjed mj iomo idk}jkjmdp ided ydvdp}j vplkilvoc | yj zy vo`lcd#

    jy}oioy mj `oe` mj ? e mj copbd | yzgj}omdpjy (qrln%}ljy, vopo ydvdp}op coy vcok}oy o

    ejmlmo qzj y}oy l`ok ipjiljkmd (Ad}dbpoao 0J,+ Cdy elkl%}z`pizcdy azjpdk idyjihomdy o

    }poy mj vjqzjoy jk}okoy z`liomoy o oe`dy comdy mj iomo idk}jkjmdp idk mlejkyldkjy

    6+: e+ mj okihd | 6+= e+ mj copbd (Ad}dbpoao 0A,+ Coy jk}okoy azjpdk iz`ljp}oy idk jc

    vcy}lid z}lclwomd vopo adppop lk}jpkoejk}j jc idk}jkjmdp+

    Jc }ljevd mj kj`zclwoilk mjc yly}jeo ojpdvklid azj ogzy}omd o }poy mj

    d`yjpoildkjy lyzocjy `zyiokmd eok}jkjp hejmoy coy poijy | }zpbjkilo jk co vop}j opjo

    mj coy vcok}oy+ Yj jy}o`cjil zk }ljevd mj 9 elkz}dy mj pljbd iomo : elkz}dy mzpok}j 0=

    hdpoy+ Yj jevcj zk vpdbpoeomdp mj pljbd emzcd cblid zkljpyoc eopio Yljejky CDBD

    (Yljejky OB# Vdy}aoih =8=8#

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    Ad}dbpoao 0+ Mj}occjy mjc yly}jeo ojpdvklid vopo co vpdmziilk mj elkl }z`pizcdy mj vovo+

    O, Idky}pziilk mj idk}jkjmdpjy d iogdkjy mj izc}ld> @, Mj}occj io`jwoc mjpljbd> I, Eokbzjpo mj pljbd | kj`zclwomdpjy jk azkildkoeljk}d> M, Vck}zcoymj vovo }poyvcok}omoy> J, Yly}jeo mj }z}dpjd mj vcok}oy> A, Qjk}oko co}jpocvopo idyjiho mj elkl }z`pizcdy+

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    0 yj pjoclwopdk idyjihoy yjizjkilocjy jk jc }ljevd vopo iomo

    oe`ljk}j+ Jc ipl}jpld mj co vplejpo idyjiho# azj jc mj lklilop idk cdy bjkd}lvdy qzj cdbpo`ok

    oc ejkdy }z`pizcdy vdp jkileo mj ?0 b | mjymj jyj edejk}d# hoijpcd mj eokjpo

    jyiocdkomo+ Jc izompd 1# vpjyjk}o coy ajihoy mj idyjiho pjoclwomoy vdp iomo oe`ljk}j mj

    jy}zmld+

    Izompd 1+ Ajihoy mj idyjihoy pjoclwomoy vopo iomo oe`ljk}j mj jy}zmld

    CE? CE0 CE9 H\? H\0Di} 0:$68 Aj` 09$6< Gzc 61$6< Eop 61$6< Gzc 9?$6 yj pjoclw jc elyed vpdijmleljk}d ok}jpldp# iocizcokmd cdy

    lkmliomdpjy mj lo`lclmom jidkelio vopo idy}dy vdp elkl%}z`pizcd mj ZY - 6#?6# 6#?: |

    6#06+

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    =2

    Albzpo 2+ Bpalid mj co lk}jpoiilk B x O vopo moy o co }z`jplwoilk mj cdy mly}lk}dy bjkd}lvdy

    izc}lomdy jk mlajpjk}jy oe`ljk}jy7 O, bjkd}lvdy ejmlokoejk}j }opmdy | opljmom

    }opmo# | @, bjkd}lvdy vpjidijy+ Izompd mj idevopoilk mj ejmloy mj bjkd}lvdy jk

    cdy kljcjy mj iomo oe`ljk}j> mjk}pd mj iomo }po}oeljk}d ocdpjy ejmldy idk cj}poy

    lbzocjy kd ydk jy}omy}lioejk}j mlajpjk}jy (]znj| V 36#6:,

    Mj oizjpmd idk co albzpo 2O# yj vzjmj mj}jpelkop qzj# jk idkmlildkjy mjc oe`ljk}j

    CE9 yj vpjyjk} zk ejkdp }ljevd vopo jc lklild mj co }z`jplwoilk jk cdy bjkd}lvdy ]?

    (Ihzieoplko, | ]?6 (\oko Lelcco, idk ?1#2 | =9#9 moy pjyvji}loejk}j+ Vdp d}pd comd# jc

    oe`ljk}j mdkmj yj vpjyjk} mj eokjpo }jevpoko jc lklild mj co }z`jplwoilk# azj jc

    oe`ljk}j CE? vopo cdy bjkd}lvdy ]2 (Yjppokl}o, | ]0 (9 yzy jaji}dy ylevcjy vzjmjk yjp lyzoclwomdy jk co

    bpalio# izokmd jy}dy voyok o }poy mj cdy kljcjy mjc aoi}dp oe`ljk}j+ Yj vzjmj ovpjilop

    zk idevdp}oeljk}d mlajpjkilomd mjc bpzvd mj bjkd}lvdy izokmd jy}k jk idkmlildkjy mj

    CE? | czjbd jk CE9> cdy bjkd}lvdy ]9 (9

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    =8

    :8#9 moy o 18#9 | 29#9 moy pjyvji}loejk}j+ Co pjyvzjy}o mj cdy bjkd}lvdy jk coy

    idkmlildkjy mj CE9 o H\?# kd dplblk mlajpjkiloy vopo ]8 (]lbdkl, | ]< (Qli}dplo,# vjpd

    yl jk cdy mjey eo}jplocjy> vopo ]9 (9

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    = jk jy}dy mdy

    bjkd}lvdy# jc kmlij mj idyjiho ey `ogd azj momd jk jc oe`ljk}j mj vpzj`o CE0 idk :9#9

    *# eljk}poy cdy kmlijy ey oc}dy jy}zljpdk jk cdy oe`ljk}jy H\? | H\0pjyvji}loejk}j+ Jc bjkd}lvd ]0 (9

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    1=

    dvzjy}o# cdy oe`ljk}jy idk vpdejmldy ey `ogdy azjpdk CE9 | H\? }oe`lk ylk edy}pop

    mlajpjkiloy jy}omy}lioy+ Jc bjkd}lvd ]= (9

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    18

    ]:# ]1 | ]?6 }zljpdk pjkmleljk}dy vpdejmldy vdp mj`ogd mj co ejmlo bjkjpoc mjc

    jxvjplejk}d+ Cdy bjkd}lvdy ]0# ]: | ]1 idk ocdpjy o`ydcz}dy ey `ogdy mj coy mdy IV#

    lkmliok `ogoy lk}jpoiildkjy | vzjmjk yjp idkylmjpomdy ided cdy bjkd}lvdy qzj vpjyjk}opdk

    ejkdp oaji}oilk vdp cdy ioe`ldy mj oe`ljk}jy+

    Jc `lvcd} mj co albzpo ?=# vpjyjk}o jc pjkmleljk}d vpdejmld jk azkilk mj coy

    iddpmjkomoy mjc vplejp jgj mj IV? mj bjkd}lvdy | oe`ljk}jy+ Co ckjo jp}lioc vzk}jomo

    pjvpjyjk}o jc pjkmleljk}d vpdejmld (x 5 ===+0 b vcok}o%?,# cdy oe`ljk}jy hok ylmd

    yjocomdy vdp zko ckjo ji}dp mj idcdp owzc | cdy bjkd}lvdy ided pde`dy mj idcdp pdgd+

    Albzpo ?=+ Md`cj pjvpjyjk}oilk bpalio mjc IV? jk azkilk mjc pjkmleljk}d vpdejmld (b

    vcok}o%?, mj ?6 bjkd}lvdy mj vovo joczomdy jk : oe`ljk}jy mzpok}j jc vjpldmd

    0668 06?6+

    Ipdyyo j} oc+ (?

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