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초고온가스로 ASME 코드현황과인쇄기판형열교환기에 대한 적용성초고온가스로 ASME 코드현황과

인쇄기판형열교환기에 대한 적용성

2019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

22019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

초고온가스로와 주요 노형 비교

가압경수로(PWR)

(초)고온가스로(HTGR)

액체금속냉각로(LMR)

냉각재 물 헬륨 액체금속(소듐)

온도 (oC) ~310 700~950 ~550

압력 (Mpa) 15 7 1~2

주요소재저합금강

스테인레스강

저합금강스테인레스강초고온합금

흑연

저합금강스테인레스강

32019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

초고온가스로 관련 ASME Code

q ASME BPVC Section III– Division 1 Light Water Reactors

– Division 2 Concrete Containments

– Division 3 Containment Systems for Spent Fuel and High Level Waste

Transport Packaging

– Division 4 Fusion Energy Devices

– Division 5 High Temperature Reactors

※ HTR : VHTR, HTGR, SFR, MSR…

42019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

고온로 설계 ASME Code 주요 연혁

q 고온로코드제정위원회

– WG-HTGR, WG-LMFR(LMR), SG-GCR, SG-HTR ※초기고온로코드제정을위한 Driving force는미국의 NGNP project

– STP-NU-045 ‘Roadmap to develop ASME Code rules for the construction of high-temperature gas cooled Reactors(HTGRs)’ (2010/6)

q ASME Section III Division 5 초판– Division 5를고온가스로와액금로분리구성 : Part 1 HTGR, Part 2 LMFR– 2011/11/1초판인쇄본발행

q ASME Section III Division 5 ‘High Temperature Reactors’(2015)– ‘high temperature gas cooled reactor and liquid metal reactor system'을 ’high

temperature reactor system‘으로 개정 (‘13/5 ASME Code week 회의)

q ASME Section III Division 5 (2017)

– ASME Section III Division 1 subsection NH -> Division 5로이동

q ASME Section III Division 5 (2019)– HH Subpart B Composite Materials (pp 435-538) 등재– HH Nonmetallic CSS Class A -> Class SN 으로변경

52019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

고온로 설계 코드(Division 5) 기술적 바탕

q Subsection HB Class A Metallic Pressure Boundary Components – Division 1 Subsection NB– Division 1 Subsection NH– Code Case N-499-1

q Subsection HC Class B Metallic Pressure Boundary Components – Division 1 Subsection NC– Code Case N-253 외

q Subsection HF Class A Class B Metallica Supports – Division 1 Subsection NF

q Subsection HG Class SM Metallic Core Support Structures– Division 1 Subsection NG– Code Case N-201

q Subsection HH Class SN Nonmetallic Core Components – Subpart A Graphite Materials : Draft CE– Subpart B Composite Materials : 신규개발

62019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

경수로와 고온가스로 설계등급 적용 기술기준

기술기준 기술기준

(Division 1) (Division 5)

Class A HB

Class 3 ND N/A N/A

Class MC NE N/A N/A

Support(1,2,3, CS )

NFSupport

(Class A, B)HF

HG (금속)

HH (흑연, 복합재)

Class B HC

Class SMClass SN

고온가스로 (고온로)

Class 1 NB

설계등급 분류 설계등급분류

Class 2 NC

Class CS NG

경수로

72019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

초고온가스로 압력용기 설계기준

q ASME Section III Division 5 Mandatory Appendix HBB-II– Use of SA-533 Grade B, Class 1 Plate and SA-508 Class 3 Forgings and Their

Weldments for Limited Elevated Temperature Service– 2011년이전에는 Code Case N-499-1 (고온가스로에 경수로압력용기사용하기위해개발)

※ 2-1/4Cr-1Mo, 9Cr-1Mo-V강은 HBB적용(데이터 부족)

q 주요내용

– 371oC(700℉) ~ 538 oC(1000℉) 운전조건에대하여한정된시간동안사용되는설계지침

– 크리프피로손상 envelope적용– Level events에서의최대온도요건

• Level B event: 최대온도 427 oC(800℉) 까지허용• Level C & D event: 최대온도 538 oC까지허용 (3회이내)

– 허용누적시간 요건

• 371oC ~ 427 oC : 3000시간 (Level B)• 427oC ~ 538 oC : 1000시간 (Level C, D)

82019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

고온 설계 특징 (HBB)

q 고온설계적용온도

– 371oC이상 (Ferritic steels) – 427oC 이상 (Austenitic SS and nickel base alloy)

q 고려하는파손모드

– Ductile rupture (short-term)– Creep rupture (long-term)– Creep-fatigue– Gross distortion – Loss of function by excessive deformation– Buckling (short-term)– Creep buckling (long-term)

92019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

초고온재료 현황

q ASME Sec. III Division 5 고온재료– Type 304 SS, 316SS, Alloy 800H, 2-1/4Cr-1Mo, 9Cr-1Mo-V※ ASME Sec. Division 5를개발하면서 Sec. III Div.1 Subsection NH에서넘어온재료

q ASME 초고온재료

GradeASME Sec. IIIDiv.1 (NB)

ASME Sec. IIIDiv.1 (NC, ND)

ASME Sec. IIIDiv.5

ASME Sec. VIIIAllowablestress limit

1650℉(899℃)

Alloy 800H 427℃ (800℉) 427℃ (800℉) 760℃ (1400℉) 899℃ (1650℉) 5.9 Mpa

Alloy X 427℃ (800℉) 427℃ (800℉) NP 899℃ (1650℉) 8.3 Mpa

Alloy 617 NP NP427℃ (800℉)

Code Case N-872982℃ (1800℉) 12.4 Mpa

Alloy 230 NP NP NP 982℃ (1800℉) 10.3 Mpa

102019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

초고온재료 Alloy 617 등재

q Alloy 617 코드개발은 VHTR 설계지원을위해 2010년부터착수– (초)고온가스로 중간열교환기(~900oC 이상)는 Alloy 617로설계

q 현황

– 1991년에 Draft code case 작성했으나 ASME BPV III에 승인제출안함.

– ASME TG Alloy 617 Code case 운용

– Code case N-872 ‘Use of 52Ni-22Cr-13Co-9Mo Alloy 617(UNS N06617) for low

temperature service construction’

– 여러개의세부항목으로 구분하여 balloting 5년(~’19)이소요

– Non-mandatory Appendix HBB-Y ‘Guidelines for Design Data Needs for New

Materials’

112019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

PCHE (인쇄기판형 열교환기)

q PCHE (Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger)– 금속에유로를화학적으로에칭/가공하는 열교환기로– 에칭된유로판을확산접합

q 특징

– 동일한전열특성에서 Shell and tube열교환기의 1/6~1/4 크기(높은열출력밀도)– 고온고압에서일이차측의 압력차가크게설계가능

q 기술현안

– 원자력분야적용을위한설계, 제작,검사기준– 확산접합부초고온재료특성

– 가동중검사및수리

– 누설감지방안

– 초고온환경에서사용실증

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초고온가스로 중간열교환기

132019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

PCHE 관련 ASME 기술기준

q ASME Section VIII– ASME Section VIII Code case 2437-1 (Rules for Diffusion Bonded, Flat Plate, Micro

channel Heat Exchanger, SA240 Type 316L stainless steel, 2005)– ASME Section VIII Code case 2621-1 (Requirements of Diffusion Bonding for

Construction of Micro channel Heat Exchanger, 2009)– ASME Section VIII Mandatory Appendix 13 (design)– ASME Section VIII Mandatory Appendix 42 (diffusion bonding)

q ASME Section IX (diffusion bonding)q ASME Section II Part D (material property)

q ASME Section III – 적용을위해단기간내에등재추진력없음

142019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

PCHE 관련 Sec. III Div. 5 기술기준 추진

q “ASME Code Considerations for the Compact Heat Exchanger”, ORNL/TM-2015/401 (31 Aug. 2015)

q DOE NE IRP project on compact heat exchanger Div.5 code case‘The project includes Nuscale, Georgia Tech. and Oregon state university. They are working with 800H because it is available and ‘easy” to diffusion bond. The product of this will be to write a code case with materials data and design and inspection rules.’ (ASME SWG on HTRS Mtg Minutes ‘19/5)

q Advancements Toward ASME Nuclear Code Case for Compact Heat Exchangers(‘19 ASME Code meeting, T. Allen)

q 초고온가스로중간열교환기후보소재 Alloy 617 코드등재수행

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PCHE 실험 R&D

q SS PCHE– He/Water HX

q Alloy 800H PCHE – He/He HX– 700°C, 20 bar

q Alloy 617 PCHE– He/He HX– 900°C, 23bar

162019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

ASME Sec. VIII 기반 PCHE 응력 평가

q 형상가정

q 허용응력기준

– 막응력, Sm < allowable design stress* x 0.7**– 전체응력, ST(Sm+Sb) < allowable design stress x 0.7 x 1.2– 유효전열지역치수 (t1, t2, t3 )결정

* ASME Sec. II Part D** ASME Section VIII Mandatory appendix 42(확산접합계수)

172019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

응력 평가에 의한 치수 결정 (Sec. VIII App. 13)

q PCHE edge thickness calculation

q PCHE thickness calculation

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치수 결정 순서

1. PCHE 설계조건 및 ASME allowable stress 입력

2. t1/t2 가정

3. Iterative 계산으로 핵심치수결정 (Implicit 연립수식)

4. 응력검증 계산

182019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

유효전열지역 치수결정

q 유효전열지역핵심치수

– 유로폭과깊이

– 유로양단끝폭

– 판의두께 (종방향 피치)– 유로간극 (횡방향 피치)

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192019 KEPIC Code Week, ‘19.08.27-30

맺음말

q 고온가스로설계기술기준 (ASME Section III Div.5)– 고온가스로설계에적용을위한기반내용은등재되었으며보완진행중

– 아직실제적용사례없음. (NRC 승인추진중)– Alloy 617, C/C복합재료등부족부분에대한등재진행

q PCHE 설계적용– ASME Section VIII기반으로일반열교환기적용가능– 고온로용으로 ASME Section III Div.5 등재 /적용위해서는확산접합부평가를비롯해물성데이터확보 및설계/검사관련 R&D 필요