competencias en iberoamÉrica análisis de pisa 2015€¦ · puntuación media en lectura en pisa...

COMPETENCIAS EN IBEROAMÉRICA

Análisis de PISA 2015

Tendencias de rendimiento en ciencias (PISA)

2006 2009 2012 2015

OCDE

450

470

490

510

530

550

570

Media OCDE

Ren

dim

ient

o de

los

alum

nos

Gráfico1

20032003200320032003

20062006200620062006

20092009200920092009

10th percentile

25th percentile

Mean

75th percentile

90th percentile

Score points

256.3483

46.6272

355.5382

108.6307

54.1984

250

51.3242

361.3257

125.8997

60.6792

273.292

45.02

370.564

105.14

47.188

Tabelle1

Year10th percentile25th percentileMean75th percentile90th percentile

Australia20033996152413253

Austria20033845550613255

Belgium20033817652915553

Canada20034195553211951

Chile2003mm

Czech Republic20033925851613557

Denmark20033965751412553

Estonia2003mm

Finland20034385054411449

France20033896051112652

Germany20033636950314654

Greece20033245944512658

Hungary20033705649013055

Iceland20033965851512451

Ireland20033935250311752

Israel2003mm

Italy20033425846613059

Japan20034026653413855

Korea20034235654212753

Latvia20033715348312053

Luxembourg20033735849312754

Mexico20032765138511754

Netherlands20034155653813748

New Zealand20033946152313857

Norway20033765749512754

Poland20033765249012555

Portugal20033525446612054

Slovak Republic20033795749812954

Slovenia2003mm

Spain20033695848512051

Sweden20033875950912955

Switzerland20033966552713457

Turkey20033005142313475

United Kingdom2003mm

United States20033566248313258

OECD average 200320033785849912955

OECD average-352003mm


Albania2003mm

Algeria2003mm

Brazil20032335235013469

Bulgaria2003mm

B-S-J-G (China)2003mm

CABA (Argentina)2003mm

Colombia2003mm

Costa Rica2003mm

Croatia2003mm

Cyprus*2003mm

Dominican Republic2003mm

FYROM2003mm

Georgia2003mm

Hong Kong (China)20034176855913750

Indonesia20032604635710554

Jordan2003mm

Kosovo2003mm

Lebanon2003mm

Lithuania2003mm

Macao (China)20034145352912052

Malta2003mm

Moldova2003mm

Montenegro2003mm

Peru2003mm

Qatar2003mm

Romania2003mm

Russia20033515546712458

Singapore2003mm

Chinese Taipei2003mm

Thailand20033164441210957

Trinidad and Tobago2003mm

Tunisia20032564735610954

United Arab Emirates2003mm

Uruguay20032916242513759

Viet Nam2003mm

Argentina2003mm

Kazakhstan2003mm

Malaysia2003mm

Australia20064065452012152

Austria20063736550513953

Belgium20063817052014852

Canada20064165552711649

Chile20063024841112057


Denmark20064045251311550

Estonia20064115051510947

Finland20064445054811147

France20063696149613652

Germany20063756250413659

Greece20063415845912354

Hungary20063775449112058

Iceland20063915550612151

Ireland20063964950111449

Israel20063046444214963

Italy20063415746212956

Japan20064045952312451

Korea20064265954712752

Latvia20063785348611048

Luxembourg20063685849012954

Mexico20062995040611451

Netherlands20064125553112949

New Zealand20064015752212956

Norway20063735549012456

Poland20063845149512253

Portugal20063485646612653


Slovenia20063905150412557

Spain20063665548012151

Sweden20063875550212352

Switzerland20064016353013652

Turkey20063164442411773

United Kingdom20063815349512256


OECD average 200320063795649712553

OECD average-3520063765649412554

OECD average-3420063765649412554

Albania2006mm

Algeria2006mm

Brazil20062555236511960

Bulgaria20062875841213661



Colombia20062585436911753

Costa Rica2006mm

Croatia20063615046611451

Cyprus*2006mm


FYROM2006mm

Georgia2006mm

Hong Kong (China)20064236355212851

Indonesia20062934438710755

Jordan20062795138611248

Kosovo2006mm

Lebanon2006mm

Lithuania20063695748712353

Macao (China)20064165152611847

Malta2006mm

Moldova2006mm

Montenegro20062915139811454

Peru2006mm

Qatar20062124530811170

Romania20063075141411252

Russia20063635347411957

Singapore2006mm

Chinese Taipei20064096855714852

Thailand20063174541410754


Tunisia20062505136112661


Uruguay20062966343013556

Viet Nam2006mm

Argentina20062496738513558

Kazakhstan2006mm

Malaysia2006mm

Australia20093935951412854

Austria2009mm

Belgium20093737151514953

Canada20094135552712049

Chile20093224442110853


Denmark20093905550311950

Estonia20094095051210949

Finland20094315554111245

France20093616849714052

Germany20093806351314253

Greece20093525446612253

Hungary20093705849012653

Iceland20093885950712254

Ireland20093765648711543

Israel20093106444714660

Italy20093635748312853

Japan20094076252912753

Korea20094305654612350

Latvia20093794848211047

Luxembourg20093606348913653

Mexico20093184841910649

Netherlands20094065452613347

New Zealand20093926251913553

Norway20093875449811651

Poland20093805449512352

Portugal20093675748712754


Slovenia20093795650113460

Spain20093646148312251

Sweden20093745949412754

Switzerland20094016653413753

Turkey20093314844512868



OECD average 20032009mm


OECD average-3420093775749512653

Albania20092615638012155

Algeria2009mm

Brazil20092874438110458

Bulgaria20093025742813660



Colombia20092864337910148

Costa Rica2009319424089645

Croatia20093475346012253

Cyprus*2009mm


FYROM2009mm

Georgia20092724937911552

Hong Kong (China)20094286455912951

Indonesia2009284403699246

Jordan20092815238911047

Kosovo2009mm

Lebanon2009mm

Lithuania20093635447712053

Macao (China)20094155352711650

Malta20093256746714658

Moldova20092895239711552

Montenegro20092955240311251

Peru20092525236312156

Qatar20092554535512581

Romania20093264642610949

Russia20093605146711451

Singapore20094226856814855


Thailand20093214441510454

Trinidad and Tobago20092875541214261

Tunisia20092734537110547


Uruguay20093105442612657

Viet Nam2009mm

Argentina20092715638812358

Kazakhstan20093034540111155

Malaysia2009312424039947

Australia20123825550413460

Austria20123845750613252

Belgium20123786551514657

Canada20124025551812353

Chile20123234242311155


Denmark20123935150011250

Estonia20124174852111151

Finland20124095451911452

France20123656349513657

Germany20123856251413654

Greece20123385445312153

Hungary20123585347712962

Iceland20123725949312555

Ireland20123915450111451

Israel20123286446614862

Italy20123665648512957

Japan20124155953613054

Korea20124256155413855

Latvia20123874749111351

Luxembourg20123635849013655

Mexico20123204341310048

Netherlands20123976152313447

New Zealand20123715750014262

Norway20123735548912452

Poland20124025251812656

Portugal20123635748713456


Slovenia20123845050113358

Spain20123705448412251

Sweden20123605547812854

Switzerland20124085953113055

Turkey20123394344812570



OECD average 200320123775649612855

OECD average-3520123755549412855

OECD average-3420123755549412755

Albania20122785939711755

Algeria2012mm

Brazil20122944038310355

Bulgaria20123205243613162


CABA (Argentina)20122966642711950

Colombia2012285413739751

Costa Rica2012323374038946

Croatia20123604846812358

Cyprus*20123205543912757


FYROM2012mm

Georgia2012mm

Hong Kong (China)20124306856913051

Indonesia2012288393709250

Jordan20122904538310149

Kosovo2012mm

Lebanon2012mm

Lithuania20123645347812356

Macao (China)20124156054213052

Malta2012mm

Moldova2012mm

Montenegro20123064640611355

Peru20122644736411157

Qatar20122574936513375

Romania20123444243911156

Russia20123715248111855

Singapore20124326957914957


Thailand20123284442110558


Tunisia20122924238410351

United Arab Emirates20123234742912461

Uruguay20122975040712356

Viet Nam20124015351011454

Argentina20122924538810447

Kazakhstan2012343394299549

Malaysia20123194341711255

Australia20153715949412955

Austria20153706149713353

Belgium20153746450714151

Canada20154005551612151

Chile20153135042312051


Denmark20154055151111147

Estonia20154154952011248

Finland20154045251111246

France20153646149313949

Germany20153895650612352

Greece20153365445412752

Hungary20153515947713254

Iceland20153675848812955

Ireland20154005050410947

Israel20153326447014956

Italy20153685849012955

Japan20154165753212149

Korea20153916652413755

Latvia20153824848210646

Luxembourg20153635448613654

Mexico20153124540810346

Netherlands20153905951213048

New Zealand20153755649512953

Norway20153915350211749

Poland20153915250412153

Portugal20153655949213753


Slovenia20153945551012250

Spain20153745548611748

Sweden20153765749412551

Switzerland20153946152113552

Turkey20153174642011552



OECD average 200320153745649112551

OECD average-3520153735649012551

OECD average-3420153735649012551

Albania20153035141311853

Algeria2015271413579347

Brazil20152674737111962

Bulgaria20153155644113859

B-S-J-G (China)20153886953815155

CABA (Argentina)20153405745712153

Colombia20152934238610651

Costa Rica2015315383989244

Croatia20153515046212355

Cyprus*20153175643812857

Dominican Republic2015243383249245

FYROM20152515636912862

Georgia20152855740312658

Hong Kong (China)20154266455412048

Indonesia20152894238110556

Jordan20152715338211551

Kosovo20152654536010347

Lebanon20152685639214067

Lithuania20153655447912052

Macao (China)20154395254710844

Malta20153317448515357

Moldova20153035541912355

Montenegro20153085041612054

Peru20152834638411353

Qatar20152785339713866

Romania20153345044211855

Russia20153874949411649

Singapore20154366557113250


Thailand20153134741210853

Trinidad and Tobago20152945441513661

Tunisia20152634736311155

United Arab Emirates20153065442313364

Uruguay20153094841512055

Viet Nam20153884849211552

Argentina20153064740710951

Kazakhstan20153574745711054

Malaysia20153434844711048

Los beneficios de una educación mejor

Crecimiento integrador

Perspectivas del mercado

laboral

Compromiso y confianza

sociales

Eficacia sanitaria y

política

Fuente: Encuesta sobre las Competencias de los Adultos (PIAAC) (2012, 2015)

II. Sobre el empleo y los ingresos

IMPACTO POSITIVO SOBRE EL

EMPLEO Y EL NIVEL DE

INGRESOS DE LAS PERSONAS

Efecto de la comprensión lectora en la probabilidad de tener empleo, y en los salarios

A- Probabilidad de ser empleado B - Salarios

Comprensión lectora

III. Sobre los resultados sociales

Mejores resultados sociales

con el desarrollo de competencias,

a pesar de las diferencias entre

países

Competencias de comprensión lectora y resultados sociales positivos

Fuente: Encuesta sobre las Competencias de Adultos (PIAAC) (2012, 2015)

Chile

Chile

Chile

Chile

Spai

n

Spai

n

Spai

n

Spai

n

OEC

D Av

erag

e

OEC

D Av

erag

e

OEC

D Av

erag

e

OEC

D Av

erag

e

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

High levels of politicalefficacy

Participation in volunteeractivities

High levels of health High levels of trust

Chile Spain OECD Average

IMPACTO DEL DESARROLLO DE

COMPETENCIAS A NIVEL

MACROECONÓMICO

Fuente: Hanushek & Woessmann, 2015

Asociación entre capital de conocimiento (inferido por aproximación mediante las

puntuaciones de varias pruebas internacionales) y crecimiento a largo plazo

(1960-2000)

Capital de conocimiento y crecimiento económico en distintos países

Puntuación media en lectura en PISA 2000 y puntuación en

comprensión lectora en PIACC (2012, 2015)

Fuente: Encuesta sobre las Competencias de los Adultos (PIAAC) (2012, 2015), y OCDE, Bases de datos de PISA 2000-2003

I. Sobre el nivel de competencias futuro

Se ha comprobado que el rendimiento de los alumnos en

las pruebas del PISA está relacionado

positivamente con su nivel futuro de

competencias para el tratamiento de la información como

adultos, medidas por la PIAAC. La relación

existe para las puntuaciones de PISA 2000 y PISA

2003

SITUACIÓN DE IBEROAMÉRICA

Evaluación del nivel de competencias de

alumnos y adultos a partir de sus

resultados en PISA 2015 y PIAAC 2012-15

TASAS DE MATRICULACIÓN SIGNIFICATIVAMENTE ALTAS EN TODOS LOS PAÍSES DE IBEROAMÉRICA

Nivel educativo alcanzado a los 15 años de edad

Fuente: OCDE (2016), Informe PISA 2015 (Volume I)

100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Spain

OECD average

Portugal

Chile

Colombia

Peru

Uruguay

Brazil

Dominican Republic

Costa Rica

Mexico

% %

Jóvenes de 15 años no elegibles y excluidos

Alumnos representados por

las muestras de PISA

Curso 12 Curso 11

Curso 10

Curso 9

Curso 8

Curso 7

ExcluidosNo elegibles

Y PROGRESOS CONSIDERABLES EN LA MEJORA DE LAS TASAS DE MATRICULACIÓN A LO LARGO DE LOS AÑOS

Variación del porcentaje de jóvenes de 15 años de edad incluidos en PISA

Fuente: OCDE, base de datos de PISA 2015

PERO...

60

40

20

0

20

40

60

80

Sing

apor

e

4Fi

nlan

d

3Ja

pan

5

Esto

nia

7

Irela

nd

4M

acao

(Chi

na)

12

Hon

g Ko

ng (C

hina

) 1

1G

erm

any

4

Slov

enia

7

Kore

a

8Sw

itzer

land

4

Rus

sia

5

Net

herla

nds

5

CAB

A (A

rgen

tina)

0

Pola

nd

9D

enm

ark

11

Aust

ralia

9

Chi

nese

Tai

pei

15

Belg

ium

7

New

Zea

land

1

0C

anad

a

16Sp

ain

9

Nor

way

9

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

6La

tvia

1

1Sw

eden

6

Portu

gal

12

Fran

ce

9O

ECD

ave

rage

1

1Ic

elan

d

7U

nite

d Ki

ngdo

m

16

Cro

atia

9

Lith

uani

a

10U

nite

d St

ates

1

6H

unga

ry

10

Aust

ria

17

Mal

ta

2Lu

xem

bour

g

12Is

rael

6

Slov

ak R

epub

lic

11

Italy

2

0G

reec

e

9R

oman

ia

7M

oldo

va

7B-

S-J-

G (C

hina

) 3

6U

nite

d Ar

ab E

mira

tes

9

Chi

le

20

Bulg

aria

1

9Al

bani

a

16Q

atar

7

Viet

Nam

5

1M

onte

negr

o

10Jo

rdan

1

4U

rugu

ay

28

Trin

idad

and

Tob

ago

24

Turk

ey

30

Geo

rgia

2

1C

olom

bia

25

Thai

land

2

9FY

RO

M

5C

osta

Ric

a

37M

exic

o

38Tu

nisi

a

7Pe

ru

26

Braz

il

29In

done

sia

32

Leba

non

34

Alge

ria

21

Koso

vo

29

Dom

inic

an R

epub

lic

32

Level 1a Level 1b Below Level 1b Level 2

Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

Rendimiento de los alumnos (PISA, ciencias, jóvenes de 15 años, 2015)

%

Porcentaje de jóvenes de 15 años no incluidos en la muestra PISA

60

40

20

0

20

40

60

80

Sing

apor

e

4Fi

nlan

d

3Ja

pan

5

Esto

nia

7

Irel

and

4

Mac

ao (

Chi

na)

12

Hon

g K

ong

(Chi

na)

11

Ger

man

y

4Sl

oven

ia

7K

orea

8

Switz

erla

nd

4R

ussi

a

5N

ethe

rland

s

5C

AB

A (A

rgen

tina)

0

Pol

and

9

Den

mar

k

11A

ustr

alia

9

Chi

nese

Tai

pei

15

Bel

gium

7

New

Zea

land

1

0C

anad

a

16Sp

ain

9

Nor

way

9

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

6La

tvia

1

1Sw

eden

6

Por

tuga

l 1

2Fr

ance

9

OEC

D a

vera

ge

11

Icel

and

7

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

1

6C

roat

ia

9Li

thua

nia

10

Uni

ted

Stat

es

16

Hun

gary

1

0A

ustr

ia

17

Mal

ta

2Lu

xem

bour

g

12Is

rael

6

Slov

ak R

epub

lic

11

Ital

y

20G

reec

e

9R

oman

ia

7M

oldo

va

7B

-S-J

-G (

Chi

na)

36

Uni

ted

Ara

b Em

irate

s

9C

hile

2

0B

ulga

ria

19

Alb

ania

1

6Q

atar

7

Viet

Nam

5

1M

onte

negr

o

10Jo

rdan

1

4U

rugu

ay

28

Trin

idad

and

Tob

ago

24

Turk

ey

30

Geo

rgia

2

1C

olom

bia

25

Thai

land

2

9FY

RO

M

5C

osta

Ric

a

37M

exic

o

38Tu

nisi

a

7P

eru

26

Bra

zil

29

Indo

nesi

a

32Le

bano

n

34A

lger

ia

21

Kos

ovo

29

Dom

inic

an R

epub

lic

32

Level 1a Level 1b Below Level 1b

Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

Rendimiento de los alumnos (PISA, ciencias, jóvenes de 15 años, 2015)

%

Porcentaje de jóvenes de 15 años no incluidos en la muestra PISA

%

683 % PIB903 000 millones USD

12 448 000 millones US

D

153 % PIB27 929 000 millones U

SD

86 % PIB402 000 millones

USD Beneficio económico estimado a largo plazo por cada joven de 15 años que adquiere como mínimo las competencias básicas

143 % PIB3 650 000 millones U

SD693 % PIB6 448 000 millones USD

171 % PIB2 721 000 millones USD






551 % PIB12 448 000 551 % PIBmillones USD



Gráfico1

Singapore 4Singapore 4Singapore 4Singapore 4Singapore 4Singapore 4Singapore 4Singapore 4

Finland 3Finland 3Finland 3Finland 3Finland 3Finland 3Finland 3Finland 3

Japan 5Japan 5Japan 5Japan 5Japan 5Japan 5Japan 5Japan 5

Estonia 7Estonia 7Estonia 7Estonia 7Estonia 7Estonia 7Estonia 7Estonia 7

Ireland 4Ireland 4Ireland 4Ireland 4Ireland 4Ireland 4Ireland 4Ireland 4

Macao (China) 12Macao (China) 12Macao (China) 12Macao (China) 12Macao (China) 12Macao (China) 12Macao (China) 12Macao (China) 12

Hong Kong (China) 11Hong Kong (China) 11Hong Kong (China) 11Hong Kong (China) 11Hong Kong (China) 11Hong Kong (China) 11Hong Kong (China) 11Hong Kong (China) 11

Germany 4Germany 4Germany 4Germany 4Germany 4Germany 4Germany 4Germany 4

Slovenia 7Slovenia 7Slovenia 7Slovenia 7Slovenia 7Slovenia 7Slovenia 7Slovenia 7

Korea 8Korea 8Korea 8Korea 8Korea 8Korea 8Korea 8Korea 8

Switzerland 4Switzerland 4Switzerland 4Switzerland 4Switzerland 4Switzerland 4Switzerland 4Switzerland 4

Russia 5Russia 5Russia 5Russia 5Russia 5Russia 5Russia 5Russia 5

Netherlands 5Netherlands 5Netherlands 5Netherlands 5Netherlands 5Netherlands 5Netherlands 5Netherlands 5

CABA (Argentina) 0CABA (Argentina) 0CABA (Argentina) 0CABA (Argentina) 0CABA (Argentina) 0CABA (Argentina) 0CABA (Argentina) 0CABA (Argentina) 0

Poland 9Poland 9Poland 9Poland 9Poland 9Poland 9Poland 9Poland 9

Denmark 11Denmark 11Denmark 11Denmark 11Denmark 11Denmark 11Denmark 11Denmark 11

Australia 9Australia 9Australia 9Australia 9Australia 9Australia 9Australia 9Australia 9

Chinese Taipei 15Chinese Taipei 15Chinese Taipei 15Chinese Taipei 15Chinese Taipei 15Chinese Taipei 15Chinese Taipei 15Chinese Taipei 15

Belgium 7Belgium 7Belgium 7Belgium 7Belgium 7Belgium 7Belgium 7Belgium 7

New Zealand 10New Zealand 10New Zealand 10New Zealand 10New Zealand 10New Zealand 10New Zealand 10New Zealand 10

Canada 16Canada 16Canada 16Canada 16Canada 16Canada 16Canada 16Canada 16

Spain 9Spain 9Spain 9Spain 9Spain 9Spain 9Spain 9Spain 9

Norway 9Norway 9Norway 9Norway 9Norway 9Norway 9Norway 9Norway 9

Czech Republic 6Czech Republic 6Czech Republic 6Czech Republic 6Czech Republic 6Czech Republic 6Czech Republic 6Czech Republic 6

Latvia 11Latvia 11Latvia 11Latvia 11Latvia 11Latvia 11Latvia 11Latvia 11

Sweden 6Sweden 6Sweden 6Sweden 6Sweden 6Sweden 6Sweden 6Sweden 6

Portugal 12Portugal 12Portugal 12Portugal 12Portugal 12Portugal 12Portugal 12Portugal 12

France 9France 9France 9France 9France 9France 9France 9France 9

OECD average 11OECD average 11OECD average 11OECD average 11OECD average 11OECD average 11OECD average 11OECD average 11

Iceland 7Iceland 7Iceland 7Iceland 7Iceland 7Iceland 7Iceland 7Iceland 7

United Kingdom 16United Kingdom 16United Kingdom 16United Kingdom 16United Kingdom 16United Kingdom 16United Kingdom 16United Kingdom 16

Croatia 9Croatia 9Croatia 9Croatia 9Croatia 9Croatia 9Croatia 9Croatia 9

Lithuania 10Lithuania 10Lithuania 10Lithuania 10Lithuania 10Lithuania 10Lithuania 10Lithuania 10

United States 16United States 16United States 16United States 16United States 16United States 16United States 16United States 16

Hungary 10Hungary 10Hungary 10Hungary 10Hungary 10Hungary 10Hungary 10Hungary 10

Austria 17Austria 17Austria 17Austria 17Austria 17Austria 17Austria 17Austria 17

Malta 2Malta 2Malta 2Malta 2Malta 2Malta 2Malta 2Malta 2

Luxembourg 12Luxembourg 12Luxembourg 12Luxembourg 12Luxembourg 12Luxembourg 12Luxembourg 12Luxembourg 12

Israel 6Israel 6Israel 6Israel 6Israel 6Israel 6Israel 6Israel 6

Slovak Republic 11Slovak Republic 11Slovak Republic 11Slovak Republic 11Slovak Republic 11Slovak Republic 11Slovak Republic 11Slovak Republic 11

Italy 20Italy 20Italy 20Italy 20Italy 20Italy 20Italy 20Italy 20

Greece 9Greece 9Greece 9Greece 9Greece 9Greece 9Greece 9Greece 9

Romania 7Romania 7Romania 7Romania 7Romania 7Romania 7Romania 7Romania 7

Moldova 7Moldova 7Moldova 7Moldova 7Moldova 7Moldova 7Moldova 7Moldova 7

B-S-J-G (China) 36B-S-J-G (China) 36B-S-J-G (China) 36B-S-J-G (China) 36B-S-J-G (China) 36B-S-J-G (China) 36B-S-J-G (China) 36B-S-J-G (China) 36

United Arab Emirates 9United Arab Emirates 9United Arab Emirates 9United Arab Emirates 9United Arab Emirates 9United Arab Emirates 9United Arab Emirates 9United Arab Emirates 9

Chile 20Chile 20Chile 20Chile 20Chile 20Chile 20Chile 20Chile 20

Bulgaria 19Bulgaria 19Bulgaria 19Bulgaria 19Bulgaria 19Bulgaria 19Bulgaria 19Bulgaria 19

Albania 16Albania 16Albania 16Albania 16Albania 16Albania 16Albania 16Albania 16

Qatar 7Qatar 7Qatar 7Qatar 7Qatar 7Qatar 7Qatar 7Qatar 7

Viet Nam 51Viet Nam 51Viet Nam 51Viet Nam 51Viet Nam 51Viet Nam 51Viet Nam 51Viet Nam 51

Montenegro 10Montenegro 10Montenegro 10Montenegro 10Montenegro 10Montenegro 10Montenegro 10Montenegro 10

Jordan 14Jordan 14Jordan 14Jordan 14Jordan 14Jordan 14Jordan 14Jordan 14

Uruguay 28Uruguay 28Uruguay 28Uruguay 28Uruguay 28Uruguay 28Uruguay 28Uruguay 28

Trinidad and Tobago 24Trinidad and Tobago 24Trinidad and Tobago 24Trinidad and Tobago 24Trinidad and Tobago 24Trinidad and Tobago 24Trinidad and Tobago 24Trinidad and Tobago 24

Turkey 30Turkey 30Turkey 30Turkey 30Turkey 30Turkey 30Turkey 30Turkey 30

Georgia 21Georgia 21Georgia 21Georgia 21Georgia 21Georgia 21Georgia 21Georgia 21

Colombia 25Colombia 25Colombia 25Colombia 25Colombia 25Colombia 25Colombia 25Colombia 25

Thailand 29Thailand 29Thailand 29Thailand 29Thailand 29Thailand 29Thailand 29Thailand 29

FYROM 5FYROM 5FYROM 5FYROM 5FYROM 5FYROM 5FYROM 5FYROM 5

Costa Rica 37Costa Rica 37Costa Rica 37Costa Rica 37Costa Rica 37Costa Rica 37Costa Rica 37Costa Rica 37

Mexico 38Mexico 38Mexico 38Mexico 38Mexico 38Mexico 38Mexico 38Mexico 38

Tunisia 7Tunisia 7Tunisia 7Tunisia 7Tunisia 7Tunisia 7Tunisia 7Tunisia 7

Peru 26Peru 26Peru 26Peru 26Peru 26Peru 26Peru 26Peru 26

Brazil 29Brazil 29Brazil 29Brazil 29Brazil 29Brazil 29Brazil 29Brazil 29

Indonesia 32Indonesia 32Indonesia 32Indonesia 32Indonesia 32Indonesia 32Indonesia 32Indonesia 32

Lebanon 34Lebanon 34Lebanon 34Lebanon 34Lebanon 34Lebanon 34Lebanon 34Lebanon 34

Algeria 21Algeria 21Algeria 21Algeria 21Algeria 21Algeria 21Algeria 21Algeria 21

Kosovo 29Kosovo 29Kosovo 29Kosovo 29Kosovo 29Kosovo 29Kosovo 29Kosovo 29

Dominican Republic 32Dominican Republic 32Dominican Republic 32Dominican Republic 32Dominican Republic 32Dominican Republic 32Dominican Republic 32Dominican Republic 32

Level 1a

Level 1b

Below Level 1b

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4

Level 5

Level 6

-7.182621

-1.872892

-0.146444

14.46738

22.44061

26.57358

17.79243

5.388878

-8.653794

-2.242617

-0.246627

18.53263

28.39781

25.27387

11.56485

2.368095

-7.32978

-1.62857

-0.148185

17.14539

26.70862

27.26591

12.22037

2.288055

-6.974424

-1.150224

-0.02496

18.63119

28.45867

24.98674

10.76908

1.793913

-11.9368

-2.584682

-0.271043

25.48864

30.02112

19.37957

6.063881

0.740529

-6.094785

-0.973218

-0.051344

18.20861

30.21386

24.72253

7.296453

0.811746

-6.884336

-1.377719

-0.075744

17.47305

31.96958

24.27308

6.129494

0.391276

-12.23456

-3.675789

-0.376819

21.79784

26.51528

21.08657

8.433431

1.71036

-11.07767

-2.638375

-0.203349

21.58335

26.97287

20.47065

8.435864

1.398428

-10.16137

-2.66405

-0.361524

19.93238

26.80526

22.0444

8.45122

1.269525

-13.39562

-3.85566

-0.496984

21.96588

25.25142

21.80955

8.31041

1.087912

-14.47892

-2.722193

-0.098968

29.73494

29.40826

15.26772

3.352763

0.215297

-13.58713

-3.778186

-0.273526

20.7782

24.86898

21.26986

9.030828

1.527395

-17.19688

-4.821205

-0.650914

30.7675

29.04706

14.85139

2.562152

0.102899

-12.11143

-2.363567

-0.29456

24.17885

27.19502

18.08073

5.723498

0.940892

-11.14349

-2.669164

-0.305199

22.9995

27.66229

17.951

5.466737

0.772806

-11.62258

-3.854447

-0.5117

19.54284

24.73369

20.2093

8.291867

1.84509

-8.011347

-2.306692

-0.276903

15.39894

23.04729

23.06598

10.83324

2.271968

-13.35459

-4.574986

-0.456835

20.39957

24.90242

20.8982

7.465327

0.888194

-11.7622

-3.618241

-0.361199

19.51434

23.73363

19.64091

9.11366

2.469632

-7.623892

-1.514111

-0.121325

16.86984

25.29126

21.77492

8.659412

1.665165

-13.00345

-3.331679

-0.284264

24.09352

28.4672

17.17198

4.246526

0.278434

-12.80011

-3.735563

-0.532497

22.4739

26.58928

17.84942

6.306831

0.976925

-15.02246

-4.022264

-0.271684

24.21776

25.92631

17.22024

5.936231

0.886297

-12.91

-2.291548

-0.112503

26.46404

28.15117

15.47341

3.100166

0.281463

-14.04672

-5.328881

-0.873457

22.44197

25.11694

17.82907

6.719468

1.240907

-12.27174

-2.787772

-0.180083

22.24888

25.19655

18.4308

5.910272

0.601934

-13.95652

-5.31665

-0.796094

20.04186

24.08583

19.51148

6.53264

0.732302

-13.68848

-4.256818

-0.517582

21.89171

24.37657

17.19722

6.06689

0.962752

-17.47632

-5.401253

-0.735857

27.06646

25.43792

13.60397

3.2508

0.256431

-11.43178

-2.861638

-0.320637

18.94932

23.11334

18.1576

7.621784

1.507061

-17.404

-4.587945

-0.390564

26.7563

24.9932

13.1118

3.254885

0.325755

-17.0226

-4.850947

-0.433161

26.75422

23.7178

13.66027

3.529491

0.236234

-12.94178

-3.624333

-0.399107

21.2951

22.17752

15.96245

6.079789

1.032376

-16.45906

-6.110529

-0.722055

22.79374

24.4644

14.88674

3.816642

0.303164

-13.19772

-3.752824

-0.413261

19.91961

23.39573

16.25698

5.679518

0.756999

-17.56433

-10.39236

-3.816939

22.81777

21.20299

14.44403

5.941299

1.52284

-16.56121

-5.619941

-0.459331

21.69084

22.01584

15.16123

5.288604

0.76425

-18.63168

-8.896474

-1.923515

22.88987

21.83783

14.08239

4.789442

0.684352

-17.59784

-7.940666

-1.846693

24.64625

22.08151

11.87102

2.919484

0.282797

-13.82321

-4.370656

-0.445427

21.77347

22.92149

13.66236

3.081399

0.195115

-20.42769

-8.294014

-1.074896

25.83213

23.00333

10.54321

1.828559

0.114094

-26.41591

-8.629665

-0.849971

32.62523

18.50691

5.472446

0.62235

0.005329

-26.16618

-10.94816

-2.138447

29.23679

18.27077

5.474323

0.654389

0.032504

-7.554339

-2.435797

-0.369879

13.20148

16.45887

15.18829

7.34342

1.324213

-23.74985

-11.82997

-2.363156

24.47156

17.28635

8.600751

2.307597

0.226478

-19.93632

-7.061788

-0.783968

24.74052

19.00263

7.262736

0.956741

0.032057

-18.36047

-10.0168

-2.13987

20.2954

18.24984

9.218804

2.149878

0.17576

-25.09552

-8.662706

-1.32236

29.0407

15.93093

3.782645

0.287936

0.008702

-26.10485

-16.7398

-3.652454

23.00957

15.27196

7.005967

1.458871

0.126222

-2.756563

-0.112669

-0.003679

12.27872

17.76197

11.58972

3.426519

0.577732

-28.89637

-14.23821

-2.826677

26.09641

13.62813

3.964732

0.410057

0.006917

-26.13101

-13.06736

-3.584298

26.5355

13.87346

2.637676

0.143972

0

-20.31812

-8.022832

-0.830132

21.64151

14.50629

5.290574

0.87063

0.039743

-21.22937

-11.41171

-2.186651

20.61073

13.92175

5.56786

0.991841

0.053146

-22.0559

-8.228158

-0.784962

21.86693

13.36076

3.385217

0.201679

0.003362

-24.04132

-12.62197

-3.321883

22.20512

11.98137

3.865638

0.63769

0.047799

-24.49708

-10.81178

-1.265946

22.84196

11.88462

3.06295

0.257571

0.00467

-23.90765

-8.451011

-0.77817

22.81223

11.34309

3.269293

0.317818

0.006884

-32.04041

-21.14091

-6.450961

23.31584

9.732592

1.921353

0.173925

0.007986

-22.57675

-6.412819

-0.441467

22.52952

9.670304

1.740405

0.092806

0.001019

-21.57612

-7.199342

-0.70125

21.40319

9.31586

1.438081

0.074136

0

-41.10744

-18.61331

-1.533223

24.70307

6.28241

0.696535

0.036465

0

-27.27924

-14.14155

-2.068954

20.73766

8.551948

1.520509

0.09017

0

-22.89513

-14.03866

-3.094119

17.93618

9.298245

2.984315

0.458795

0.017006

-27.52795

-9.835914

-0.801899

21.65457

7.2456

1.075038

0.06867

0

-21.31702

-15.57067

-4.509401

14.56631

7.676528

2.164935

0.261868

0.029232

-33.68456

-18.95404

-3.094386

17.87923

4.386116

0.742895

0.024511

0

-27.84394

-17.24451

-2.866799

17.26905

5.102083

0.461333

0.006559

0

-20.81563

-27.12404

-10.79412

7.743438

1.778274

0.232094

0.007195

0

Tabelle1

CNT with share of students not coveredLevel 1aLevel 1bBelow Level 1bLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 6Share of students not covered in the PISA 2015 sample

Singapore 4-7.2-1.9-0.114.522.426.617.85.4Singapore4

Finland 3-8.7-2.2-0.218.528.425.311.62.4Finland3

Japan 5-7.3-1.6-0.117.126.727.312.22.3Japan5

Estonia 7-7.0-1.2-0.018.628.525.010.81.8Estonia7

Ireland 4-11.9-2.6-0.325.530.019.46.10.7Ireland4

Macao (China) 12-6.1-1.0-0.118.230.224.77.30.8Macao (China)12

Hong Kong (China) 11-6.9-1.4-0.117.532.024.36.10.4Hong Kong (China)11

Germany 4-12.2-3.7-0.421.826.521.18.41.7Germany4

Slovenia 7-11.1-2.6-0.221.627.020.58.41.4Slovenia7

Korea 8-10.2-2.7-0.419.926.822.08.51.3Korea8

Switzerland 4-13.4-3.9-0.522.025.321.88.31.1Switzerland4

Russia 5-14.5-2.7-0.129.729.415.33.40.2Russia5

Netherlands 5-13.6-3.8-0.320.824.921.39.01.5Netherlands5

CABA (Argentina) 0-17.2-4.8-0.730.829.014.92.60.1CABA (Argentina)0

Poland 9-12.1-2.4-0.324.227.218.15.70.9Poland9

Denmark 11-11.1-2.7-0.323.027.718.05.50.8Denmark11

Australia 9-11.6-3.9-0.519.524.720.28.31.8Australia9

Chinese Taipei 15-8.0-2.3-0.315.423.023.110.82.3Chinese Taipei15

Belgium 7-13.4-4.6-0.520.424.920.97.50.9Belgium7

New Zealand 10-11.8-3.6-0.419.523.719.69.12.5New Zealand10

Canada 16-7.6-1.5-0.116.925.321.88.71.7Canada16

Spain 9-13.0-3.3-0.324.128.517.24.20.3Spain9

Norway 9-12.8-3.7-0.522.526.617.86.31.0Norway9

Czech Republic 6-15.0-4.0-0.324.225.917.25.90.9Czech Republic6

Latvia 11-12.9-2.3-0.126.528.215.53.10.3Latvia11

Sweden 6-14.0-5.3-0.922.425.117.86.71.2Sweden6

Portugal 12-12.3-2.8-0.222.225.218.45.90.6Portugal12

France 9-14.0-5.3-0.820.024.119.56.50.7France9

OECD average 11-13.7-4.3-0.521.924.417.26.11.0OECD average11

Iceland 7-17.5-5.4-0.727.125.413.63.30.3Iceland7

United Kingdom 16-11.4-2.9-0.318.923.118.27.61.5United Kingdom16

Croatia 9-17.4-4.6-0.426.825.013.13.30.3Croatia9

Lithuania 10-17.0-4.9-0.426.823.713.73.50.2Lithuania10

United States 16-12.9-3.6-0.421.322.216.06.11.0United States16

Hungary 10-16.5-6.1-0.722.824.514.93.80.3Hungary10

Austria 17-13.2-3.8-0.419.923.416.35.70.8Austria17

Malta 2-17.6-10.4-3.822.821.214.45.91.5Malta2

Luxembourg 12-16.6-5.6-0.521.722.015.25.30.8Luxembourg12

Israel 6-18.6-8.9-1.922.921.814.14.80.7Israel6

Slovak Republic 11-17.6-7.9-1.824.622.111.92.90.3Slovak Republic11

Italy 20-13.8-4.4-0.421.822.913.73.10.2Italy20

Greece 9-20.4-8.3-1.125.823.010.51.80.1Greece9

Romania 7-26.4-8.6-0.832.618.55.50.60.0Romania7

Moldova 7-26.2-10.9-2.129.218.35.50.70.0Moldova7

B-S-J-G (China) 36-7.6-2.4-0.413.216.515.27.31.3B-S-J-G (China)36

United Arab Emirates 9-23.7-11.8-2.424.517.38.62.30.2United Arab Emirates9

Chile 20-19.9-7.1-0.824.719.07.31.00.0Chile20

Bulgaria 19-18.4-10.0-2.120.318.29.22.10.2Bulgaria19

Albania 16-25.1-8.7-1.329.015.93.80.30.0Albania16

Qatar 7-26.1-16.7-3.723.015.37.01.50.1Qatar7

Viet Nam 51-2.8-0.1-0.012.317.811.63.40.6Viet Nam51

Montenegro 10-28.9-14.2-2.826.113.64.00.40.0Montenegro10

Jordan 14-26.1-13.1-3.626.513.92.60.10.0Jordan14

Uruguay 28-20.3-8.0-0.821.614.55.30.90.0Uruguay28

Trinidad and Tobago 24-21.2-11.4-2.220.613.95.61.00.1Trinidad and Tobago24

Turkey 30-22.1-8.2-0.821.913.43.40.20.0Turkey30

Georgia 21-24.0-12.6-3.322.212.03.90.60.0Georgia21

Colombia 25-24.5-10.8-1.322.811.93.10.30.0Colombia25

Thailand 29-23.9-8.5-0.822.811.33.30.30.0Thailand29

FYROM 5-32.0-21.1-6.523.39.71.90.20.0FYROM5

Costa Rica 37-22.6-6.4-0.422.59.71.70.10.0Costa Rica37

Mexico 38-21.6-7.2-0.721.49.31.40.10.0Mexico38

Tunisia 7-41.1-18.6-1.524.76.30.70.00.0Tunisia7

Peru 26-27.3-14.1-2.120.78.61.50.10.0Peru26

Brazil 29-22.9-14.0-3.117.99.33.00.50.0Brazil29

Indonesia 32-27.5-9.8-0.821.77.21.10.10.0Indonesia32

Lebanon 34-21.3-15.6-4.514.67.72.20.30.0Lebanon34

Algeria 21-33.7-19.0-3.117.94.40.70.00.0Algeria21

Kosovo 29-27.8-17.2-2.917.35.10.50.00.0Kosovo29

Dominican Republic 32-20.8-27.1-10.87.71.80.20.00.0Dominican Republic32

... pero hay algunas TENDENCIAS positivas

Tendencia lineal en el rendimiento medio en ciencias


Abordar el rendimiento educativo deficiente hace el crecimiento económico más integrador…

• El aumento de los ingresos medios que se logra gracias a la adquisición de las competencias básicas universales equivale aproximadamente al 4,2 % en los 28 países con educación secundaria obligatoria.

• Este aumento viene acompañado de una reducción media del 5,2 % en la parte de la desviación estándar de los ingresos inducida por los resultados

…y expande el tamaño de la economía• y, por tanto, difiere de los planes fiscales y de redistribución simples que pueden

modificar la distribución de la renta, pero que no contribuirían a la consecución de resultados en el ámbito social.

• Las políticas para mejorar el capital de conocimiento también promoverán la integración y una distribución más equitativa de la renta.

Crecimiento integrador

Alumnos que esperan cursar una carrera de cienciasFigura I.3.2

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aila

nd

27Vi

et N

am

13Sw

itzer

land

22

Kore

a

7H

unga

ry

22Sl

ovak

Rep

ublic

24

Japa

n 1

8Fi

nlan

d 2

4G

eorg

ia

27C

zech

Rep

ublic

22

B-S-

J-G

(Chi

na)

31

Net

herla

nds

19

Ger

man

y 3

3In

done

sia

19

Den

mar

k 4

8

%Porcentaje de alumnos que esperan trabajar en puestos profesionales o técnicos relacionados con las ciencias cuando tengan 30 años

Science and engineering professionals

Health professionals

Information and communication technology professionals

Science-related technicians and associate professionals

% d

e al

umno

scon

expe

ctat

ivas

vag

aso

sin e

xpec

tativ

as

SingapurCanadá

EsloveniaAustralia

Reino UnidoIrlanda

Portugal

TaiwánHong Kong (China)

Nueva ZelandaDinamarca

JapónEstonia

FinlandiaMacao (China)

VietnamB-S-J-G (China)

CoreaAlemania

Países BajosSuiza

BélgicaPolonia

SueciaLituaniaCroaciaIslandiaGeorgiaMalta

Estados UnidosEspañaIsrael

Emiratos Árabes Unidos

BrasilBulgaria

ChileColombiaCosta Rica

República DominicanaJordaniaKosovo

LíbanoMéxico

PerúQatar

Trinidad y TobagoTúnez

TurquíaUruguay

Rendimiento en ciencias superior a la media

Creencias epistémicas superiores a la media

Porcentaje superior a la media de alumnos que esperan trabajar en un puesto relacionado con las ciencias

Noruega

Res

ulta

dos

múl

tiple

s

0

10

20

30

40

50

300 400 500 600 700

Porc

enta

je d

e al

umno

s qu

e es

pera

n cu

rsar

una

ca

rrer

a de

cie

ncia

s

Puntos en ciencias

Low enjoyment of science High enjoyment of science

Alumnos que esperan cursar una carrera de cienciaspor rendimiento y disfrute del aprendizaje

Figura I.3.17

BIENESTAR DE LOS ALUMNOS

EN IBEROAMÉRICA

Comprensión de la relación entre el bienestar de los

alumnos y su ESE a partir de los resultados

de PISA 2015

LOS ELEVADOS NIVELES DE SATISFACCIÓN PERSONAL REFERIDOS EN IBEROAMÉRICA (MEDIA DE 7,8) SON SUPERIORES A LA MEDIA DE LA OCDE DE 7,3

Satisfacción personal entre alumnos de 15 añosFuente: OCDE, base de datos de PISA 2015

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Dominican Republic 8.5

Mexico 8.3

Costa Rica 8.2

Colombia 7.9

Brazil 7.6

Uruguay 7.7

Peru 7.5

Chile 7.4

OECD average 7.3

Spain 7.4

Portugal 7.4

Very satisfied (9-10) Satisfied (7-8) Moderately satisfied (5-6) Not satisfied (0-4)

%Satisfacción personal media

PERO ESTAS CIFRAS DE SATISFACCIÓN PERSONAL ENMASCARAN OTRAS FACETAS DEL BIENESTAR EN LAS QUE IBEROAMÉRICA NO OBTIENE PUNTUACIONES ALTAS

En los países iberoamericanos, el rendimiento y la ansiedad ante los exámenes están correlacionados negativamente.

Ansiedad relacionada con las tareas escolares entre alumnos situados en los cuartiles primero y último del índice de rendimiento en ciencias


Diferencias en el índice del sentido de pertenencia, por características de los alumnos.

Alumnos favorecidos -desfavorecidos Niños - niñas

Alumnos no inmigrantes -inmigrantes

EspañaPortugalMedia OCDEChileUruguayMéxicoBrasilCosta RicaPerúColombiaRepública Dominicana

-0,50 0,00 0,50Índice del sentido de pertenencia

En comparación con ciclos anteriores, Iberoamérica registró una tendencia al alza de alumnos que declararon sentirse alejados de la escuela en el ciclo PISA 2015.

Índice de sentido de pertenencia, por características de los alumnos

MAYOR SENTIDO DE PERTENENCIA ENTRE:

1) FAVORECIDOS2) NIÑAS3) NO

INMIGRANTES


Sistemas educativos con una diferencia/asociación positiva.Sistemas educativos con una diferencia/asociación negativa.Diferencia/asociación no significativa.Valores ausentes

Algunos alumnos aprenden en niveles altos

Todos los alumnos aprenden en niveles altos

T

Brasil: Rendimiento escolar y perfil socioeconómico de las escuelas

Punt

uaci

ón

Gráfico1

-3.2209065733-3.2209065733

-3.1805639997-3.1805639997

-2.9177039788-2.9177039788

-2.8588686241-2.8588686241

-2.8554333333-2.8554333333

-2.8393142857-2.8393142857

-2.8282498399-2.8282498399

-2.7743559678-2.7743559678

-2.7261456768-2.7261456768

-2.6943333333-2.6943333333

-2.6907821201-2.6907821201

-2.6890105498-2.6890105498

-2.5833836997-2.5833836997

-2.5773760538-2.5773760538

-2.5654485955-2.5654485955

-2.5079411072-2.5079411072

-2.4843514286-2.4843514286

-2.3999173137-2.3999173137

-2.3906931347-2.3906931347

-2.3751743262-2.3751743262

-2.3717773708-2.3717773708

-2.3547565035-2.3547565035

-2.3128666667-2.3128666667

-2.3102023501-2.3102023501

-2.3102013311-2.3102013311

-2.2723649653-2.2723649653

-2.2535023732-2.2535023732

-2.2504273812-2.2504273812

-2.2356168246-2.2356168246

-2.2151288921-2.2151288921

-2.191220625-2.191220625

-2.1858156133-2.1858156133

-2.1850786995-2.1850786995

-2.1593498725-2.1593498725

-2.1293356866-2.1293356866

-2.1028861663-2.1028861663

-2.1006043526-2.1006043526

-2.0959491546-2.0959491546

-2.0888565723-2.0888565723

-2.0859305068-2.0859305068

-2.0774176723-2.0774176723

-2.0735493817-2.0735493817

-2.0733256574-2.0733256574

-2.0701854314-2.0701854314

-2.0643100833-2.0643100833

-2.0578205361-2.0578205361

-2.0535152107-2.0535152107

-2.037625-2.037625

-2.0332630783-2.0332630783

-2.0238283229-2.0238283229

-2.0062030384-2.0062030384

-1.9960304662-1.9960304662

-1.9952205227-1.9952205227

-1.9833558852-1.9833558852

-1.9768737132-1.9768737132

-1.9718501467-1.9718501467

-1.9680797949-1.9680797949

-1.9668658259-1.9668658259

-1.9655086968-1.9655086968

-1.9607517688-1.9607517688

-1.9475-1.9475

-1.9464048104-1.9464048104

-1.943678988-1.943678988

-1.9347333333-1.9347333333

-1.9341276359-1.9341276359

-1.933625-1.933625

-1.9320748401-1.9320748401

-1.931456519-1.931456519

-1.9277404004-1.9277404004

-1.9217370316-1.9217370316

-1.9211415728-1.9211415728

-1.9161173913-1.9161173913

-1.9026746216-1.9026746216

-1.9013355818-1.9013355818

-1.9008228401-1.9008228401

-1.8965016942-1.8965016942

-1.8928979798-1.8928979798

-1.8868506155-1.8868506155

-1.8866666667-1.8866666667

-1.8862797989-1.8862797989

-1.8787165845-1.8787165845

-1.8770941474-1.8770941474

-1.8752913906-1.8752913906

-1.8742467181-1.8742467181

-1.8740725873-1.8740725873

-1.8726297915-1.8726297915

-1.8718034146-1.8718034146

-1.8657821719-1.8657821719

-1.8598434936-1.8598434936

-1.859824768-1.859824768

-1.8548952553-1.8548952553

-1.8503-1.8503

-1.8477441134-1.8477441134

-1.8459440528-1.8459440528

-1.8425156564-1.8425156564

-1.8406622851-1.8406622851

-1.839065253-1.839065253

-1.8346218319-1.8346218319

-1.8305643756-1.8305643756

-1.8275448172-1.8275448172

-1.826993095-1.826993095

-1.8247692558-1.8247692558

-1.823307965-1.823307965

-1.8190885714-1.8190885714

-1.8134945112-1.8134945112

-1.8128984474-1.8128984474

-1.81085-1.81085

-1.8104610463-1.8104610463

-1.7979686299-1.7979686299

-1.7934534464-1.7934534464

-1.7931564409-1.7931564409

-1.7892297358-1.7892297358

-1.7873554759-1.7873554759

-1.7849768454-1.7849768454

-1.7803218813-1.7803218813

-1.7759325748-1.7759325748

-1.7749105621-1.7749105621

-1.766-1.766

-1.7654930688-1.7654930688

-1.7643035714-1.7643035714

-1.7598100914-1.7598100914

-1.758566492-1.758566492

-1.7569437156-1.7569437156

-1.7488833734-1.7488833734

-1.7453121956-1.7453121956

-1.7430006511-1.7430006511

-1.7296354341-1.7296354341

-1.7250512512-1.7250512512

-1.7247055059-1.7247055059

-1.7174586462-1.7174586462

-1.7158561572-1.7158561572

-1.71382625-1.71382625

-1.7086501539-1.7086501539

-1.706369155-1.706369155

-1.7045331126-1.7045331126

-1.7017510204-1.7017510204

-1.7009750113-1.7009750113

-1.6948928571-1.6948928571

-1.6909929982-1.6909929982

-1.6904178965-1.6904178965

-1.6903768079-1.6903768079

-1.6890902288-1.6890902288

-1.6864090229-1.6864090229

-1.6864062621-1.6864062621

-1.6845380837-1.6845380837

-1.6840512075-1.6840512075

-1.6832398162-1.6832398162

-1.682162464-1.682162464

-1.6813603888-1.6813603888

-1.6807803515-1.6807803515

-1.6801984627-1.6801984627

-1.6793957233-1.6793957233

-1.6759620189-1.6759620189

-1.671110051-1.671110051

-1.6648845663-1.6648845663

-1.6638461267-1.6638461267

-1.6637524642-1.6637524642

-1.663404276-1.663404276

-1.6631609582-1.6631609582

-1.6608472142-1.6608472142

-1.6607437174-1.6607437174

-1.6591591025-1.6591591025

-1.6376799718-1.6376799718

-1.6375079764-1.6375079764

-1.6363003328-1.6363003328

-1.6357161576-1.6357161576

-1.6273883408-1.6273883408

-1.6260830235-1.6260830235

-1.6210661835-1.6210661835

-1.6192779084-1.6192779084

-1.6179519097-1.6179519097

-1.6163764865-1.6163764865

-1.6162338353-1.6162338353

-1.6160819625-1.6160819625

-1.6106121317-1.6106121317

-1.6098826625-1.6098826625

-1.6087317261-1.6087317261

-1.6051249106-1.6051249106

-1.6001113544-1.6001113544

-1.5908432489-1.5908432489

-1.5879909486-1.5879909486

-1.5879424876-1.5879424876

-1.5830192795-1.5830192795

-1.5818645192-1.5818645192

-1.5808455015-1.5808455015

-1.5760364531-1.5760364531

-1.5749704227-1.5749704227

-1.5738151864-1.5738151864

-1.5707536492-1.5707536492

-1.5691610095-1.5691610095

-1.5678324042-1.5678324042

-1.5674072866-1.5674072866

-1.5632568196-1.5632568196

-1.5612700526-1.5612700526

-1.55871926-1.55871926

-1.5520854315-1.5520854315

-1.5497157232-1.5497157232

-1.5361202049-1.5361202049

-1.5291916667-1.5291916667

-1.51835625-1.51835625

-1.5164082582-1.5164082582

-1.5161341353-1.5161341353

-1.5160379908-1.5160379908

-1.5143326284-1.5143326284

-1.5095212129-1.5095212129

-1.5065127208-1.5065127208

-1.5064228025-1.5064228025

-1.5034555148-1.5034555148

-1.5021443889-1.5021443889

-1.4986348509-1.4986348509

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-1.491172797-1.491172797

-1.4869209998-1.4869209998

-1.4857912701-1.4857912701

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-1.4782942348-1.4782942348

-1.476124375-1.476124375

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-1.4545416157-1.4545416157

-1.453232474-1.453232474

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-1.4301467948-1.4301467948

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-1.4220014541-1.4220014541

-1.4191547704-1.4191547704

-1.4174-1.4174

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-1.4103486103-1.4103486103

-1.4065128384-1.4065128384

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-1.1800940591-1.1800940591

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-1.1761565863-1.1761565863

-1.1753269138-1.1753269138

-1.1710537185-1.1710537185

-1.1706869643-1.1706869643

-1.16712037-1.16712037

-1.1669217488-1.1669217488

-1.1638790003-1.1638790003

-1.16305-1.16305

-1.1607617498-1.1607617498

-1.1585932676-1.1585932676

-1.1579173411-1.1579173411

-1.1567705606-1.1567705606

-1.1558875-1.1558875

-1.1554516356-1.1554516356

-1.1528317927-1.1528317927

-1.1505067363-1.1505067363

-1.1495468999-1.1495468999

-1.1442166381-1.1442166381

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-1.1416050213-1.1416050213

-1.1392386947-1.1392386947

-1.1385109663-1.1385109663

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0.48780.4878

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1.00534627471.0053462747

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337.3030

353.88491666670

00

395.79314285710

375.67685714290

323.41317266590

319.95980174220

341.81637238520

00

328.58350

356.08580735280

314.56440277040

0388.3405149265

Public schools

Private schools

PISA index of economic, social and cultural status

350.3276703331

342.1887781946

347.7522267574

345.3643727127

337.9398803707

315.5716666667

298.615833581

320.104652244

364.0069185396

295.3192534314

376.7291136136

389.95284805

333.8474408163

293.1562352148

375.1403684269

304.9729524441

377.8362613258

384.7289548931

311.2638210068

339.4191815145

361.5097371625

359.5690259212

371.4520072019

336.6118989284

377.7443936344

369.7882895807

364.9903805591

290.9212

326.4556345155

382.837597523

329.8647766286

373.4562748402

372.7907787398

358.8083878677

369.2568505391

338.091

345.6426227644

366.457

361.6668775627

330.705159386

388.9812374606

369.9070727129

331.7092173236

389.8101304351

294.5117488591

361.1832154282

314.2796662754

388.0660057165

390.6016751906

326.4902902102

417.6535278892

287.9283597805

380.3045856945

323.2582719839

395.6897497005

389.8103873673

384.7959129943

307.8629712299

389.0126371188

304.4328468485

448.3906741979

360.6217327478

360.6555055806

335.1753415909

414.5053654903

318.1872999998

374.6627943258

370.5585922143

365.1250724336

362.3767242215

398.2451839247

287.2296559997

358.7490800875

337.5446697614

305.0308965517

383.0172543557

336.6623752517

382.5844812721

329.5271831909

287.3262884967

324.9015211217

386.1233388236

324.5630788334

361.6574102564

306.8839489795

382.5736904762

356.2758643148

348.7011697395

405.2544861646

353.1751734384

402.9144807737

383.5999125023

382.107018479

433.4930913115

387.0082095851

378.1718546854

361.5585491508

421.0084490313

412.4628482263

318.2982219104

381.5030234813

373.2500540541

408.0699843717

381.4023151435

380.0437991569

322.8482073523

335.5767837862

415.8104890352

352.3628529369

307.4409409773

369.3466066409

321.0083753237

375.8105801461

293.5839313237

382.582680712

314.3598289994

327.1444545193

328.1811009461

319.4704471689

390.8162751619

376.645274793

386.2894023253

355.7210533892

369.4298067109

404.8815336602

359.3882140853

377.8926150405

363.8766646339

303.3396401333

320.056053356

331.9779649607

370.9634091288

350.8282285673

334.3846086957

337.5000588235

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399.5685324568

397.480455697

308.9131904663

346.5206499979

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332.2224241393

379.4129353167

387.8806344509

391.68972624

415.1397713825

417.2593199071

412.5286937504

377.7201936323

338.9070220028

306.3755833162

398.1585458743

397.7749727644

400.5982907794

419.6098222745

386.1103239595

329.3914491659

421.5771863253

336.5458606329

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443.541

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