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UNIVERSIDAD DEL VALLELECTURA DE TEXTOS ACADÉMICOS EN INGLÉS 3

CLASE MARZO 03 DE 2016NOMBRE _________________________________________________________________

STAFFING LEVELS

1. An ins!"n#$ #%&'"n( )"s !$s*!#*!$+ i*s %'$!"*i%ns "n+ &%,$+ " +i,isi%n -!%& R%(s*%n *%"!!%/. S*+( *)$ -i!$s "n+ #%&'$*$ *)$ !$'%!* $%/. Us$ *)$ /%!+s in *)$ %. T)$!$ is %n$&is*"4$5 /)"* is i*

RO7STONR$+#*i%ns in s*"--in $,$s

ARRO8In#!$"s$s in s*"--in $,$s

N"*!" 8"s*"$

R$sin$+ 12R$*i!$+ 9E"!( R$*i!$&$n* :

OTER REDUCTIONS

R$+n+"n#i$s 2:T!"ns-$!!$+ 30Dis&iss$+ __

E&'%($$s *!"ns-$!!in 30N$/ $&'%($$s 2;

7TS !$#!i*s 10

T%*" R$+#*i%n :0

T"!$* R$+#*i%n :0

T%*" In#!$"s$ 6;

T"!$* In#!$"s$ :0

The Claims Division has now moved to Harrow and we have achieved the target reductions in

<1= __________STAFFING_______ ______LEELS____________ at !o"ston# As $ar as %ossi&le'

we have reduced the wor($orce &" <2= _________NAT)!AL *ASTAGE _______________+ we

have not re%laced wor(ers who <3= _______________!ESIGNED________ $or %ersonal reasons

or <9= ________!ETI!ED____________ at the age o$ ,-# Some wor(ers chose to <;= _________TA.E______ ______EA!L/__________ _____!ETI!E0ENT____________ at 1-

or 11 when we o$$ered generous $inancial incentives# 0an" wor(ers have <6= ___2EEN

T!ANSFE!ED____________ to the Harrow o$$ice#

3ne news%a%er re%orted that we <>= _______SAC.ED__________ or <:= _________FI!ED_______________ $our wor(ers in !o"ston $or misconduct# This was untrue# *e

have not <?= ________DIS0ISSED____________ an" wor(ers this "ear# *e have <10= __________0ADE________ 45 <11= ______STAFF______________

_______!ED)NDANT________ in !o"ston &ut we have <12= _____TA.EN 3N_________

________________ 41 new sta$$ in Harrow# *e have also 613= _______!EC!)ITED____________ 7- school leavers on the government8s /oung Training



Scheme#

Dis&iss$+ @ !$#!i*$+ @ &"+$ s*"-- !$+n+"n* @ *"4$n %n @ !$sin$+ @ !$*i!$+ @s*"--in $,$s @ T"4$ $"!( !$*i!$&$n* @ s"#4$+ @ *!"ns-$!!$+ @ n"*!" /"s*"$ @ -i!$+

COMPARING TOWNS

1- Study these sentences:

Irvine has a high rate of unemployment.It has a higher rate of employment than the national average.

The Var is an attractive region to live in.It is a mre attractive region to live in than West Scotland.

!i"" in #ith the crrect cm$arative %rms % the ad&ectives:

Irvine is a much __________HIGHE!________6high9 town than 2rignoles and it has a much ____LA!GE!________6large9 wor(ing %o%ulation# 2oth towns have a _______HIGHE!______ 6high9rate o$ unem%lo"ment than the national average' &ut the %ro&lem is much _______*3!SE_______ 6&ad9 in Irvine# )nem%lo"ment e:ceeds 4-; and wages are generall" ________L3*E!______ 6low9#The ar has a ____G!EATE!________ 6great9 num&er o$ s(illed wor(ers in the %o%ulation#

2oth towns o$$er $inancial incentives to attract &usiness to the region# Irvine o$$ers a ______*IDE!_______ 6wide9 variet" o$ loans at ____03!E C30<ETITIE________ 6com%etitive9interest rates &ut 2rignoles o$$ers ____2ETTE!_________6good9 ta: incentives# Factor" s%ace isslightl" ______CHEA<E!____________6chea%9 in 2rignoles &ut consumer goods are ______03!EE=<ENSIE____________ 6e:%ensive9



The ar is an ___ATT!ACTIE!___________ 6attractive9 region to live in than *est Scotland# Theclimate is ______*A!0E!______ 6warm9 and it will &e ____EASIE!________6eas"9 to attract and(ee% well >uali$ied sta$$# Communications will &e a %ro&lem though# 2rignoles is much

____FA!THE!_________ 6$ar9 $rom an international air%ort than Irvine#

At %resent our main customers are in Northern Euro%e' so Irvine is ____NEA!E!_______ 6near9 and03!E C3NENIENT___________6convenient9# 2ut loo(ing ahead' we shouldn8t $orget that 2rignoles

is _____CL3SE!____ 6close9 to S%ain' Swit?erland' and Ital"' our ne:t e:%ort targets.

The girls in this si:th grade class in East <alo Alto' Cali$ornia' all have the

same access to com%uters as &o"s# 2ut researchers sa"' &" the time *)$(get to high school' the" are victims o$ what the researchers call a ma@or

new gender ga% in technolog"#

anice *einman o$ the American Association o$ )niversit" *oman sa"s'BGirls tend to &e less com$orta&le than &o"s with the %rocessing rather than $or %ro&lem solving' rather than to discover new wa"s in which tounderstand in$ormation#B A$ter ree:amining a thousand studies' the American Association o$

)niversit" women researchers $ound that girls ma(e u% onl" a small %ercentage o$ students in com%uter science classes# Girls consistentl" rate themselves signi$icantl" lower than &o"s in their a&ilit" andcon$idence in using com%uters# And the" use com%uters less o$ten than &o"s outside the classroom#

The instructor o$ this com%uter la& sa"s )$s alread" noticed some di$$erences# Charles Cheadle o$ Cesar Chave? School sa"s' B2o"s are not so a$raid *)$( might do something that will harm thecom%uter' whereas girls are a$raid the" might &rea( i* somehow#B Si: "ears ago' the so$tware com%an" <ur%le 0oon noticed that girls8 com%uter usage was $alling

&ehind &o"s# .aren Gould sa"s' BThe num&er one reason girls told us the" dont li(e com%uter games isnot &ecause *)$(re too violent' or too com%etitive# Girls @ust said the"re incredi&l" &oring#B <ur%le 0oon sa"s it $ound what girls want' characters the" can relate to and stor" lines relative towhats going on in their own lives# .aren Gould o$ <ur%le 0oon So$tware sa"s' B*hat we de$initel"$ound $rom girls is there is no intrinsic reason wh" the" wouldnt want to %la" on a com%uter+ it was @ust acontent thing#B The s%onsor o$ the stud" sa"s it all &oils down to this' the technolog" gender ga% that se%arates thegirls $rom the &o"s must &e closed i$ women are to com%ete e$$ectivel" with men in the 47st centur"#From a news stor" &" CNN San Francisco !e%orter Don .na%% 63cto&er 7' 759

A= S"( /)% %! /)"* *)$ n+$!in$+ /%!+s in *)$ *$* !$-$! *%.

7# the" ______________________________ 4# he ________________________________ # the" ______________________________ # it _________________________________ 1# the" ______________________________

B= M"*#) *)$ /%!+s %n *)$ $-* /i*) *)$i! "n*%n(&s %n *)$ !i)*.

7# ma@or a# increasing4# small &# inside



# lower c# e:citing# outside d# &ig1# $alling e# minor ,# &oring $# higher

C= Fin+ $,i+$n#$ in *)$ *$* -%! *)$ -%%/in s*"*$&$n*s.

7# In East <alo Alto' Cali$ornia' &o"s and girls share the o%%ortunit" to have access to com%uters#

4# Girls use com%uters mainl" $or word %rocessing#

# There are more &o"s than girls in com%uter science classes#

# Girls are less con$ident in using com%uters than &o"s#

1# Girls don8t usuall" use com%uters outside the classroom#

,# Girls don8t engage in com%uter games#

# *omen need to use the com%uter more o$ten i$ the" want to com%ete with men in the $uture#

D= Ans/$! *)$ $s*i%ns "%* *)$ *$*.

7# E:%lain the meaning o$ the e:%ression gender ga% in technolog"J#

__________________________________________________________________________

4# <oint out some o$ the di$$erences &etween &o"s and girls in terms o$ their relationshi% with

com%uters#

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________ # *h" don8t girls li(e com%uter gamesK

__________________________________________________________________________

# *h" do women need to handle more with com%utersK

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Going to India to get hel% with "our homewor( sounds rather e:treme# /et this is what over 4'---students in the )nited States and elsewhere do online ever" da"#New advances in technolog" ma(e it %ossi&le $or tutors in one countr" to hel% students who livethousands or (ilometres awa"# The onl" necessit" is that &oth have got access to a com%uter withInternet ca%a&ilit"# Students and tutors can discuss material using an instant messaging service' &utusing a voiceover connection and a hands$ree headset ma(es communication easier# So do digital



%encilsJ and writing %ads' which loo( li(e enhanced mouse %ads# <artici%ants can write on thesesimulated white&oards so that the data a%%ears on &oth com%uter screens at the same time# Studentscan also use a scanner to transmit co%ies o$ tests or assignments received $rom their schools#The main advantage o$ this s"stem is $inancial# Students can %a" u% to M7-- an hour $or %ersonaltutoring in the )S# In contrast' one Indian com%an" o$$ers the o%tion o$ either registering $or a month andreceiving an unlimited num&er o$ lessons $or M7--' or %a"ing M4#1- $or each hour# This &rings the cost o$ a lesson down to a%%ro:imatel" the %rice o$ a cu% o$ co$$ee# Such a$$orda&le tutoring is welcome toman" in the )S toda"' where a&out onethird o$ secondar"school students $ail to graduate#

Tutors' who must have a universit" degree' $ind this arrangement to their advantage# Their trainingincludes anal"sing teaching methods' as well as learning a&out )S educational curricula# The" alsolearn a&out American English the" are taught to modi$" their accent so that the"8re more easil"understood &" teenagers in the *est' and the" learn current )S slang# In return' the" are well %aid &"Indian standards' earning a%%ro:imatel" M-- a month#So i$ "ou need hel% in maths' science or English' "ou ma" want to consider turning to a teacher in2angalore or New Delhi# And when "ou %ass "our test' "ou will &e ha%%" to sa" DHAN/AADJ 6than("ou in Hindi9#

I. C)%%s$ *)$ #%!!$#* "ns/$!

7# For online tutoring' teachers and students must O#

A# 2e lin(ed to the Internet#2# Have a voiceover connection with a headset#C# Have digital %encils and writing %ads#

2. An )%! %- %nin$ **%!in -!%& In+i" .

A# Causes a $ailure rate o$ a&out onethird#2# Is a&out as e:%ensive as a cu% o$ co$$ee#C# Costs a&out M7--#

3. In+i"n %nin$ **%!s ... . A# Don8t all have universit" degrees#

2# 0ustn8t have an accent#C# Learn a&out )S educational re>uirements#

II. Ans/$! *)$ $s*i%ns.

7# How man" students %a" $or online tutoring $rom IndiaK

4# *h" are tutors taught a&out American EnglishK

# *hat are &ene$its $or online tutors in IndiaK

III. R$/!i*$ *)$ -%%/in s$n*$n#$s /i*)%* #)"nin *)$ %!iin" &$"nin.

7# Students can also use a scanner to transmit co%ies o$ tests#

4# Tutors receive s%ecial training in teaching methods' as well as learning a&out )S educationalcurricula#

IV. Fin+ /%!+s %! $'!$ssi%ns in *)$ *$* *)"* &$"n



7# simultaneousl" 6%aragra%h 94# %ossi&ilit" 6%aragra%h 9# not e:%ensive 6%aragra%h 9# %resent 6%aragra%h 9

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