UNIT II: A través de la aplicación de estrategias de lectura que incluyan las etapas de pre-lectura, lectura y post-lectura, se debe orientar el proceso de comprensión hacia el desarrollo del vocabulario a través de los siguientes aspectos morfológicos: morfología, cognados y falsos cognados, sinónimos y antónimos.

Suffixes

Nouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

-ance -ize -able -ly

-ence -ate -ible

-or -fy -less

-er -en -ic

-ist -ify -ical

-ish

-ive

1. Noun-forming suffixes:

Suffix Meaning Examples

-ance state performance

-ence quality of independence

-er, -ora person whoa thing which

programmer, operator, biographercompiler, accumulator, processor, calculator

-ist, -yst a person who analyst, typist

-ian Pertaining to electrician

-tion, -ation the act of compilation

-ness condition of readiness, cleanliness, happiness

-ion action/state conversion

-ing Activity multiplexing

-ment state, action measurement, requirement

-ity state, quality electricity

-ism condition/state magnetism

-dom domain/condition freedom

-ship condition/state relationship, partnership

2. Verb-forming suffixes:

Suffix Meaning Examples

-ize/-ise

to make

computerize

-ate automate, activate, calculate

-ify simplify

-en harden, widen, lengthen, shorten

3. Adverb-forming suffix:

Suffix Meaning Examples

-ly

in the manner

of

electronically, logically, comparably, slowly, quickly, automatically, carefully

4. Adjective-forming suffixes:

Suffix Meaning Examples

-al

having the quality of

computational, logical

-ar circular, rectangular, cellular, regular

-ic magnetic, automatic

-ical Electrical

-able

capable of being

Comparable

-ble Divisible

-ous like, full of dangerous, insiduous, miraculous

-ful characterized by helpful, careful

-less without careless, meaningless

-ish Like Yellowish

-edhaving the quality of

computed, processed

-ive Interactive

5.(Palabras terminadas en –ing) Words ending in –ing

Observe que las palabras terminadas en –ing se forman de los verbos. La forma –ing puede ser utilizada como un sustantivo (a noun), parte de una frase nominal ( part of a noun phrase), o parte de un verbo( or part of a verb)may be used as a noun, part of a noun phrase, or part of a verb

1. Programming is an interesting job (noun) 2. Programming in C is interesting (part of a noun phrase)

1. He is working as a programmer (part of a verb) Programming is an interesting job (noun)

2. Programming in C is interesting (part of a noun phrase) 3. He is working as a programmer (part of a verb)

UNIT II: A través de la aplicación de estrategias de lectura que incluyan las etapas de pre-lectura, lectura y post-lectura, se debe orientar el

proceso de comprensión hacia el desarrollo del vocabulario a través de los siguientes aspectos morfológicos: morfología, cognados y falsos cognados, sinónimos y antónimos.

1. Negative and positive prefixes:2.

Prefix Meaning Examples

Negative: un- Not Unmagnetized

in- Not Incomplete

im- Not Imposible

il- Not Illegal

ir- Not irregular, irrelevant

non-not connected with

non-programmable

mis- bad, wrongMisdirect

mal- bad, wrongMalfunction

dis-opposite feeling

Disagree

dis-opposite action

Disconnect

anti- Against antiglare, antistatic

de-reduce, reverse

demagnetize, decode

under- too little underestimate

Positive: re- Do again reorganize

over- too much overload

3. Prefixes of size:

Prefix Meaning Examples

semi- half, partly semiconductor

Equi- Equal equidistant

Mini- Small minicomputer

micro- very small microcomputer, microscopic

macro- large, great macroeconomics

mega- large, great megabyte

3. Prefixes of location:

Prefix Meaning Examples

inter- between, among interface, interactive

super- Over supersonic

trans- Across transmit, transfer

ex- Out exclude, extrinsic

extra- Beyond extraordinary

sub- Ander subschema, subtraction

infra- Below infra-red

Peri- Around peripheral, periscope

4. Prefixes of time and order:

Prefix Meaning Examples

Ante- Befote antecedent

pre- Befote prefix, preceding, precedent

prime- First primary, primitive

Post- Alter postdated, post-natal

retro- Backward retrograde, retroactive

6. Other prefixes:

PrefixMeaning Examples

pro- before, in advance, forwardprogramme, progress, procreation

Auto-Self automatic

co- together with Co-ordinate, co-operate

con- together with connect

5. Prefixes of numbers:

Prefix Meaning Examples

semi- Half semicircle

mono- One monochromatic

bi- Two binary

tri- Three triangle

quad- Tour quadruple

penta- Five pentagon

Hex- Six hexadecimal

Sept(em)- Seven September

oct- Eight octal

dec- Ten decimal

multi- Many multiplexor, multicoloured

UNIT II: A través de la aplicación de estrategias de lectura que incluyan las etapas de pre-lectura, lectura y post-lectura, se debe orientar el proceso de comprensión hacia el desarrollo del vocabulario a través de los siguientes aspectos morfológicos: morfología, cognados y falsos cognados, sinónimos y antónimos.

READING SKILLS:

PRE-READING STRATEGIES

1) PREDICTION The title of a text may help us make assumptions about its contents. Understanding the first paragraph of a text may allow us to make a prediction as to what will follow in the second and so on. Reading as a confirmation of the reader’s assumptions can be both fast and effective. We should not forget that the reader brings a certain body of knowledge to any given text and this fact can be exploited to improve a reading efficiency.

In your own words, what is the subject of the article?.

Ask one question that you think the article will answer?

2) BRAINSTORMING

3) INFERRING UNFAMILIAR WORD MEANING.

When you want to guess the meaning of a new word, use the context. When you

do the following exercise you should work alone. Don’t use a dictionary, and

don’t ask another students or the teacher about the words. Try to guess the

meanings from the context. After you finish each exercise, you may check your

answers with another student your teacher, or a dictionary.

List the key words that you found while surveying. Write meanings for them, in your own words, as soon as you have read enough to know what they mean.

WORDS MEANINGS

4) ASKING QUESTIONS ABOUT THE READING

a. Do you have any boss?______________________________b. Do you think that people don’t need any bosses?___________________________________________________

4) SCANNING FOR SPECIFIC DETAIL:Complete the following sentences with information from the text.

a. An interesting description of the modern era is the ____________________that describes the general use of technology to transmit information.

b. The mainframe in the 1970s, the PC in the 1980s and the office network in the first part of the 1990s were ______________that drove massive product development and growth for the technology industry.

c. ____________________________ include graphics and text on computers around the world, sound, video and simultaneous voice communications

6) SKIMMING FOR GENERAL IDEA. Skimming is a reading used by good readers to find general ideas quickly. Readers skim for three reasons.

1) To anticipate the general content of a chapter they are going to read.

2) To decide if a chapter has the kind of information they are looking for.

3) To get the general idea of a chapter they do not have time to read.

Skim the paragraphs quickly. Then answer the questions which follow the paragraph. After you complete paragraph 1 through 4, reread the paragraphs carefully and check your answers. You may have your teacher or classmates time you. Try skimming each paragraph for only 10 minutes.

The general idea of the article is that: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 1The main idea of paragraph 1 is that

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The paragraph is mainly:

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2The topic of the paragraph is

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

DURING-READING STRATEGIES

1) FIGURE OUT THE MEANING OF UNKNOWN WORDS FROM CONTEXT.

Context Clues: students read printed materials; they use a variety of context clues to determine the meanings of unfamiliar words. Research indicates that their use of these context clues can be improved by direct instruction.

Try to guess the meanings of the underlined words in the following sentences from the text. Begin by underlining the words and phrases that give you the clues you need to make a good guess, and then write your definition of the word on the line under the sentence. Do not look these words up in the dictionary until after you have guessed their meanings.

a. In order to keep pace with the increased speed and complexity of business, new means of calculating, sorting and processing information were invented.______________________________________________

b. Thus, the Information Age implies a time for a revolution in the information environment for business and management.___________________________________________

c. Managers provide guidance, implementation, and coordination so those organizational goals can be reached.

2) LOOKING FOR THE MEANING OF UNKNOWN WORDS THROUGH MORPHOLOGICAL CLUES.

Read the article again, as you read, completes the table and underlines the prefixes.

NEGATIVE

POSITIVE

SIZE LOCATION

TIME AND ORDER

NUMBER

Read the article again, as you read, completes the table and underlines the suffixes.

NOUNS VERB ADJECTIVES ADVERBS

3) UNDERLINE COGNATES AND FALSE COGNATES4) SYNONYM AND ANTONYM ( LEXICAL RELATION)

Refer back to the text and find synonyms (i.e. words with a similar

meaning) for the following words.

a) Management____________________________b) Vast __________________________________c) Inmense _______________________________d) Converge______________________________e) Implies________________________________

f) Significant_____________________________g) enhance_______________________________

Now refer back to the text and find antonyms (i.e. words with an opposite

meaning) for the following words.

a) Private___________________________________b) Modern __________________________________c) Traditional _______________________________d) Share____________________________________e) Massive__________________________________f) Instant___________________________________g) Profit____________________________________

POST-READING STRATEGIES

1) ASK AND ANSWER QUESTIONS ABOUT THE READING.

Discussion

During the Industrial Revolution, people moved to the cities to be near their work. This led to the centralization of work and the growth of large organizations and cities. Before the Industrial Revolution, crafts people worked from their homes or cottages and had a certain control over their working hours. Today we could be witnessing the opposite, as telecommuters begin to operate from home. Telecommuters choose to live away from the cities, with all their noise, pollution and traffic. They work, from their homes or electronic cottages, on their computer and send the work to their employer by modem.

How might telecommuting transform management?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What advantages do you see in telecommuting for the employee and the manager?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2) PARAPHRASE. Read the article again and paraphrase the general idea

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

COMPREHENSION MONITORING. Evaluate your comprehension of this assignment;

Excellent ____ Very Good ____ Satisfactory ____ Poor _____